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Maujean T, Ramanoudjame SM, Riché S, Le Guen C, Boisson F, Muller S, Bonnet D, Gulea M, Marchand P. Hetero-Diels-Alder and CuAAC Click Reactions for Fluorine-18 Labeling of Peptides: Automation and Comparative Study of the Two Methods. Molecules 2024; 29:3198. [PMID: 38999148 PMCID: PMC11243578 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiolabeled peptides are valuable tools for diagnosis or therapies; they are often radiofluorinated using an indirect approach based on an F-18 prosthetic group. Herein, we are reporting our results on the F-18 radiolabeling of three peptides using two different methods based on click reactions. The first one used the well-known CuAAC reaction, and the second one is based on our recently reported hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA) using a dithioesters (thia-Diels-Alder) reaction. Both methods have been automated, and the 18F-peptides were obtained in similar yields and synthesis time (37-39% decay corrected yields by both methods in 120-140 min). However, to obtain similar yields, the CuAAC needs a large amount of copper along with many additives, while the HDA is a catalyst and metal-free reaction necessitating only an appropriate ratio of water/ethanol. The HDA can therefore be considered as a minimalist method offering easy access to fluorine-18 labeled peptides and making it a valuable additional tool for the indirect and site-specific labeling of peptides or biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothé Maujean
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT UMR 7200, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sridévi M. Ramanoudjame
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT UMR 7200, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Riché
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT UMR 7200, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Clothilde Le Guen
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT UMR 7200, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Inovarion, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Boisson
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylviane Muller
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire UMR 7242, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT UMR 7200, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mihaela Gulea
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT UMR 7200, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrice Marchand
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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2
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Halder R, Ma G, Rickmeier J, McDaniel JW, Petzold R, Neumann CN, Murphy JM, Ritter T. Deoxyfluorination of phenols for chemoselective 18F-labeling of peptides. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:3614-3651. [PMID: 37853158 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00890-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The challenge of forming C-18F bonds is often a bottleneck in the development of new 18F-labeled tracer molecules for noninvasive functional imaging studies using positron emission tomography (PET). Nucleophilic aromatic substitution is the most widely employed reaction to functionalize aromatic substrates with the radioactive fluorine-18 but its scope is restricted to arenes containing electron-withdrawing substituents. Furthermore, many protic functional groups are incompatible with basic fluoride anions. Peptide substrates, which are highly desirable targets for PET molecular imaging, are particularly challenging to label with fluorine-18 because they are densely functionalized and sensitive to high temperatures and basic conditions. To expand the utility of nucleophilic aromatic substitution with fluorine-18, we describe two complementary procedures for the radiodeoxyfluorination of bench-stable and easy-to-access phenols that ensure rapid access to densely functionalized electron-rich and electron-poor 18F-aryl fluorides. The first procedure details the synthesis of an 18F-synthon and its subsequent ligation to the cysteine residue of Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys in 10.5 h from commercially available starting materials (189-min radiosynthesis). The second procedure describes the incorporation of commercially available CpRu(Fmoc-tyrosine)OTf into a fully protected peptide Lys-Met-Glu-(CpRu-Tyr)-Leu via solid-phase peptide synthesis and subsequent ruthenium-mediated uronium deoxyfluorination with fluorine-18 followed by deprotection, accomplished within 7 d (116-min radiosynthesis). Both radiolabeling methods are highly chemoselective and have conveniently been automated using commercially available radiosynthesis equipment so that the procedures described can be employed for the synthesis of peptide-based PET probes for in vivo imaging studies according to as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Halder
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gaoyuan Ma
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Strateos Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jens Rickmeier
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - James W McDaniel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roland Petzold
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Constanze N Neumann
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Jennifer M Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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3
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Fully automated 18F-fluorination of N-succinimidyl-4-[ 18F]fluorobenzoate ([ 18F]SFB) for indirect labelling of nanobodies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18655. [PMID: 36333403 PMCID: PMC9636270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB), a widely used labeling agent to introduce the 4-[18F]fluorobenzoyl-prosthetic group, is normally obtained in three consecutive steps from [18F]fluoride ion. Here, we describe an efficient one-step labeling procedure of [18F]SFB starting from a tin precursor. This method circumvents volatile radioactive side-products and simplifies automatization. [18F]SFB was obtained after HPLC purification in a yield of 42 + 4% and a radiochemical purity (RCP) > 99% (n = 6). In addition, we investigate the automation of the coupling of [18F]SFB to a nanobody (cAbBcII10, targeting β-lactamase enzyme) and purification by size exclusion chromatography (PD-10 desalting column) to remove unconjugated reagent. Production and use of [18F]SFB were implemented on a radiosynthesis unit (Neptis®). The fully automated radiosynthesis process including purification and formulation required 160 min of synthesis time. [18F]SFB-labeled nanobody was obtained in a yield of 21 + 2% (activity yield 12 + 1% non-decay corrected) and a radiochemical purity (RCP) of > 95% (n = 3). This approach simplifies [18F]SFB synthesis to one-step, enhances the yield in comparison to the previous report and enables the production of radiolabeled nanobody on the same synthesis module.
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4
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Gosmann D, Russelli L, Weber WA, Schwaiger M, Krackhardt AM, D'Alessandria C. Promise and challenges of clinical non-invasive T-cell tracking in the era of cancer immunotherapy. EJNMMI Res 2022; 12:5. [PMID: 35099641 PMCID: PMC8804060 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-022-00877-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, our understanding of the role of the immune system in cancer has significantly improved and led to the discovery of new immunotherapeutic targets and tools, which boosted the advances in cancer immunotherapy to fight a growing number of malignancies. Approved immunotherapeutic approaches are currently mainly based on immune checkpoint inhibitors, antibody-derived targeted therapies, or cell-based immunotherapies. In essence, these therapies induce or enhance the infiltration and function of tumor-reactive T cells within the tumors, ideally resulting in complete tumor eradication. While the clinical application of immunotherapies has shown great promise, these therapies are often accompanied either by a variety of side effects as well as partial or complete unresponsiveness of a number of patients. Since different stages of disease progression elicit different local and systemic immune responses, the ability to longitudinally interrogate the migration and expansion of immune cells, especially T cells, throughout the whole body might greatly facilitate disease characterization and understanding. Furthermore, it can serve as a tool to guide development as well as selection of appropriate treatment regiments. This review provides an overview about a variety of immune-imaging tools available to characterize and study T-cell responses induced by anti-cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, challenges are discussed that must be taken into account and overcome to use immune-imaging tools as predictive and surrogate markers to enhance assessment and successful application of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Gosmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Russelli
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Angela M Krackhardt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner-Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Calogero D'Alessandria
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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5
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Ajenjo J, Destro G, Cornelissen B, Gouverneur V. Closing the gap between 19F and 18F chemistry. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:33. [PMID: 34564781 PMCID: PMC8464544 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) has become an invaluable tool for drug discovery and diagnosis. The positron-emitting radionuclide fluorine-18 is frequently used in PET radiopharmaceuticals due to its advantageous characteristics; hence, methods streamlining access to 18F-labelled radiotracers can make a direct impact in medicine. For many years, access to 18F-labelled radiotracers was limited by the paucity of methodologies available, and the poor diversity of precursors amenable to 18F-incorporation. During the last two decades, 18F-radiochemistry has progressed at a fast pace with the appearance of numerous methodologies for late-stage 18F-incorporation onto complex molecules from a range of readily available precursors including those that do not require pre-functionalisation. Key to these advances is the inclusion of new activation modes to facilitate 18F-incorporation. Specifically, new advances in late-stage 19F-fluorination under transition metal catalysis, photoredox catalysis, and organocatalysis combined with the availability of novel 18F-labelled fluorination reagents have enabled the invention of novel processes for 18F-incorporation onto complex (bio)molecules. This review describes these major breakthroughs with a focus on methodologies for C-18F bond formation. This reinvigorated interest in 18F-radiochemistry that we have witnessed in recent years has made a direct impact on 19F-chemistry with many laboratories refocusing their efforts on the development of methods using nucleophilic fluoride instead of fluorination reagents derived from molecular fluorine gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ajenjo
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Gianluca Destro
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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6
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Scroggie KR, Perkins MV, Chalker JM. Reaction of [ 18F]Fluoride at Heteroatoms and Metals for Imaging of Peptides and Proteins by Positron Emission Tomography. Front Chem 2021; 9:687678. [PMID: 34249861 PMCID: PMC8262615 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.687678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to radiolabel proteins with [18F]fluoride enables the use of positron emission tomography (PET) for the early detection, staging and diagnosis of disease. The direct fluorination of native proteins through C-F bond formation is, however, a difficult task. The aqueous environments required by proteins severely hampers fluorination yields while the dry, organic solvents that promote nucleophilic fluorination can denature proteins. To circumvent these issues, indirect fluorination methods making use of prosthetic groups that are first fluorinated and then conjugated to a protein have become commonplace. But, when it comes to the radiofluorination of proteins, these indirect methods are not always suited to the short half-life of the fluorine-18 radionuclide (110 min). This review explores radiofluorination through bond formation with fluoride at boron, metal complexes, silicon, phosphorus and sulfur. The potential for these techniques to be used for the direct, aqueous radiolabeling of proteins with [18F]fluoride is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin M. Chalker
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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7
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Research progress of 18F labeled small molecule positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112629. [PMID: 32956956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
With the development of positron emission tomography (PET) technology, a variety of PET imaging agents labeled with radionuclide 18F have been developed and widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of various clinical diseases in recent years. For example, they have showed a great value of study in the field of tumor detection, tumor treatment and evaluation of tumor therapy in a non-invasive, qualitative and quantitative way. In this review, we highlight the recent development in chemical synthesis, structure and characterization, imaging characterization, and potential applications of these 18F labeled small molecule PET imaging agents for the past five years. The development and application of 18F labeled small molecules will expand our knowledge of the function and distribution of diseases-related molecular targets and shed light on the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases including tumors.
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8
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Basuli F, Zhang X, Phelps TE, Jagoda EM, Choyke PL, Swenson RE. Automated Synthesis of Fluorine-18 Labeled CXCR4 Ligand via the Conjugation with Nicotinic Acid N-Hydroxysuccinimide Ester (6-[ 18F]SFPy). Molecules 2020; 25:E3924. [PMID: 32867358 PMCID: PMC7504725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor that is overexpressed in numerous diseases, particularly in various cancers and is a powerful chemokine, attracting cells to the bone marrow niche. Therefore, CXCR4 is an attractive target for imaging and therapeutic purposes. The goal of this study is to develop an efficient, reproducible, and straightforward method to prepare a fluorine-18 labeled CXCR4 ligand. 6-[18F]Fluoronicotinic acid-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl ester (6-[18F]FPy-TFP) and nicotinic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (6-[18F]SFPy) have been prepared using 'fluorination on the Sep-Pak' method. Conjugation of 6-[18F]SFPy or 6-[18F]FPy-TFP with the alpha-amino group at the N terminus of the protected T140 precursor followed by deprotection, yielded the final product 6-[18F]FPy-T140. The overall radiochemical yields were 6-17% (n = 15, decay-corrected) in a 90-min radiolabeling time with a radiochemical purity >99%. 6-[18F]FPy-T140 exhibited high specific binding and nanomolar affinity for CXCR4 in vitro, indicating that the biological activity of the peptide was preserved. For the first time, [18F]SFPy has been prepared using 'fluorination on the Sep-Pak' method that allows rapid automated synthesis of 6-[18F]FPy-T140. In addition to increased synthetic efficiency, this construct binds with CXCR4 in high affinity and may have potential as an in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent. This radiosynthesis method should encourage wider use of this PET agent to quantify CXCR4 in both research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Basuli
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA; (X.Z.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA; (X.Z.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Tim E. Phelps
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (T.E.P.); (E.M.J.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Elaine M. Jagoda
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (T.E.P.); (E.M.J.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (T.E.P.); (E.M.J.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Rolf E. Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA; (X.Z.); (R.E.S.)
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9
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Rangger C, Haubner R. Radiolabelled Peptides for Positron Emission Tomography and Endoradiotherapy in Oncology. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E22. [PMID: 32019275 PMCID: PMC7169460 DOI: 10.3390/ph13020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review deals with the development of peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals for the use with positron emission tomography and peptide receptor radiotherapy. It discusses the pros and cons of this class of radiopharmaceuticals as well as the different labelling strategies, and summarises approaches to optimise metabolic stability. Additionally, it presents different target structures and addresses corresponding tracers, which are already used in clinical routine or are being investigated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roland Haubner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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10
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Russelli L, Martinelli J, De Rose F, Reder S, Herz M, Schwaiger M, Weber W, Tei L, D'Alessandria C. Room Temperature Al 18 F Labeling of 2-Aminomethylpiperidine-Based Chelators for PET Imaging. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:284-292. [PMID: 31830368 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive molecular imaging technology that is constantly expanding, with a high demand for specific antibody-derived imaging probes. The use of tracers based on temperature-sensitive molecules (i. e. Fab, svFab, nanobodies) is increasing and has led us to design a class of chelators based on the structure of 2-aminomethylpiperidine (AMP) with acetic and/or hydroxybenzyl pendant arms (2-AMPTA, NHB-2-AMPDA, and 2-AMPDA-HB), which were investigated as such for {Al18 F}2+ -core chelation efficiency. All the compounds were characterized by HPLC-MS analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The AlF-18 labeling reactions were performed under various conditions (pH/temperature), and the radiolabeled chelates were purified and characterized by radio-TLC and radio-HPLC. The stability of labeled chelates was investigated up to 240 min in human serum (HS), EDTA 5 mM, PBS and 0.9 % NaCl solutions. The in vivo stability of [Al18 F(2-AMPDA-HB)]- was assessed in healthy nude mice (n=6). Radiochemical yields between 55 % and 81 % were obtained at pH 5 and room temperature. High stability in HS was measured for [Al18 F(2-AMPDA-HB)]- , with 90 % of F-18 complexed after 120 min. High stability in vivo, rapid hepatobiliary and renal excretion, with low accumulation of free F-18 in bones were measured. Thus, this new Al18 F-chelator may have a great impact on immuno-PET radiopharmacy, by facilitating the development of new fluorine-18-labeled heat-sensitive biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Russelli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar TU München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan Martinelli
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Francesco De Rose
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar TU München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sybille Reder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar TU München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Herz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar TU München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar TU München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar TU München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Calogero D'Alessandria
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar TU München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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11
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Bahadorikhalili S, Mohammadi S, Asadi M, Barazandeh M, Mahdavi M. Multicomponent reaction of amine, carbon disulfide, and fluoronitrobenzene via nucleophilic attack on the fluorinated carbon for the synthesis of nitrophenyl methylcarbamodithioates. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sayyad Mohammadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Asadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Maliheh Barazandeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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12
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Collet C, Vucko T, Ariztia J, Karcher G, Pellegrini-Moïse N, Lamandé-Langle S. Fully automated radiosynthesis of [ 18F]fluoro- C-glyco-c(RGDfC): exploiting all the abilities of the AllInOne synthesizer. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00303g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fully automated and modular radiosynthesis of [18F]fluoro-C-glyco-RGD conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Collet
- NancycloTEP
- F-54511 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
- France
- Université de Lorraine
- INSERM
| | | | | | - Gilles Karcher
- NancycloTEP
- F-54511 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
- France
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire
- CHRU-Nancy
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13
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Rickmeier J, Ritter T. Site-Specific Deoxyfluorination of Small Peptides with [18
F]Fluoride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Rickmeier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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14
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Rickmeier J, Ritter T. Site-Specific Deoxyfluorination of Small Peptides with [ 18 F]Fluoride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14207-14211. [PMID: 30187598 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeled receptor-binding peptides are an important class of positron emission tomography tracers owing to achievable high binding affinities and their rapid blood clearance. Herein, a method to introduce a 4-[18 F]fluoro-phenylalanine residue into peptide sequences is reported, by chemoselective radio-deoxyfluorination of a tyrosine residue using a traceless activating group. The replacement of only one hydrogen atom with [18 F]fluoride results in minimal structural perturbation of the peptide, which is desirable in the labeling of tracer candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Rickmeier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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15
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Yuan Z, Nodwell MB, Yang H, Malik N, Merkens H, Bénard F, Martin RE, Schaffer P, Britton R. Site-Selective, Late-Stage C-H 18 F-Fluorination on Unprotected Peptides for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12733-12736. [PMID: 30086209 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are often ideal ligands for diagnostic molecular imaging due to their ease of synthesis and tuneable targeting properties. However, labelling unmodified peptides with 18 F for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging presents a number of challenges. Here we show the combination of photoactivated sodium decatungstate and [18 F]-N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide effects site-selective 18 F-fluorination at the branched position in leucine residues in unprotected and unaltered peptides. This streamlined process provides a means to directly convert native peptides into PET imaging agents under mild aqueous conditions, enabling rapid discovery and development of peptide-based molecular imaging tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheliang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.,Life Science Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Matthew B Nodwell
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- Life Science Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Noeen Malik
- Life Science Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Rainer E Martin
- Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Science Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
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16
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Yuan Z, Nodwell MB, Yang H, Malik N, Merkens H, Bénard F, Martin RE, Schaffer P, Britton R. Site-Selective, Late-Stage C−H 18
F-Fluorination on Unprotected Peptides for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheliang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry; Simon Fraser University Burnaby; British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
- Life Science Division; TRIUMF; Vancouver BC V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - Matthew B. Nodwell
- Department of Chemistry; Simon Fraser University Burnaby; British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- Life Science Division; TRIUMF; Vancouver BC V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - Noeen Malik
- Life Science Division; TRIUMF; Vancouver BC V6T 2A3 Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology; BC Cancer Agency; Vancouver British Columbia V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- Department of Molecular Oncology; BC Cancer Agency; Vancouver British Columbia V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology; BC Cancer Agency; Vancouver British Columbia V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Rainer E. Martin
- Medicinal Chemistry; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED); Roche Innovation Center Basel; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd; Grenzacherstrasse 124 CH-4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Science Division; TRIUMF; Vancouver BC V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry; Simon Fraser University Burnaby; British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
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17
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Krishnan HS, Ma L, Vasdev N, Liang SH. 18 F-Labeling of Sensitive Biomolecules for Positron Emission Tomography. Chemistry 2017; 23:15553-15577. [PMID: 28704575 PMCID: PMC5675832 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging study of fluorine-18 labeled biomolecules is an emerging and rapidly growing area for preclinical and clinical research. The present review focuses on recent advances in radiochemical methods for incorporating fluorine-18 into biomolecules via "direct" or "indirect" bioconjugation. Recently developed prosthetic groups and pre-targeting strategies, as well as representative examples in 18 F-labeling of biomolecules in PET imaging research studies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema S. Krishnan
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Longle Ma
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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18
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Piras M, Testa A, Fleming IN, Dall'Angelo S, Andriu A, Menta S, Mori M, Brown GD, Forster D, Williams KJ, Zanda M. High-Affinity “Click” RGD Peptidomimetics as Radiolabeled Probes for Imaging αv
β3
Integrin. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1142-1151. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Piras
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition; University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill; Aberdeen AB25 2ZD Scotland UK
| | - Andrea Testa
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition; University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill; Aberdeen AB25 2ZD Scotland UK
| | - Ian N. Fleming
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition; University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill; Aberdeen AB25 2ZD Scotland UK
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition; University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill; Aberdeen AB25 2ZD Scotland UK
| | - Alexandra Andriu
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition; University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill; Aberdeen AB25 2ZD Scotland UK
| | - Sergio Menta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; “Sapienza” Università di Roma; P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
- Current affiliation: IRBM Science Park SpA; Via Pontina km 30 600 00071 Pomezia RM Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Viale Regina Elena 291 00161 Roma RM Italy
| | - Gavin D. Brown
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre and Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; Palatine Road Manchester M20 3JJ UK
| | - Duncan Forster
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre and Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; Palatine Road Manchester M20 3JJ UK
| | - Kaye J. Williams
- CRUK-EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Matteo Zanda
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition; University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill; Aberdeen AB25 2ZD Scotland UK
- C.N.R.-I.C.R.M.; via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
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19
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Charron CL, Hickey JL, Nsiama TK, Cruickshank DR, Turnbull WL, Luyt LG. Molecular imaging probes derived from natural peptides. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 33:761-800. [PMID: 26911790 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2015.Peptides are naturally occurring compounds that play an important role in all living systems and are responsible for a range of essential functions. Peptide receptors have been implicated in disease states such as oncology, metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, natural peptides have been exploited as diagnostic and therapeutic agents due to the unique target specificity for their endogenous receptors. This review discusses a variety of natural peptides highlighting their discovery, endogenous receptors, as well as their derivatization to create molecular imaging agents, with an emphasis on the design of radiolabelled peptides. This review also highlights methods for discovering new and novel peptides when knowledge of specific targets and endogenous ligands are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Charron
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - J L Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - T K Nsiama
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - D R Cruickshank
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - W L Turnbull
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - L G Luyt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. and Departments of Oncology and Medical Imaging, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada and London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
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20
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Basuli F, Zhang X, Woodroofe CC, Jagoda EM, Choyke PL, Swenson RE. Fast indirect fluorine-18 labeling of protein/peptide using the useful 6-fluoronicotinic acid-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl prosthetic group: A method comparable to direct fluorination. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:168-175. [PMID: 27990672 PMCID: PMC5344719 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-18 labeling of biomolecules is mostly performed by an indirect labeling method using a prosthetic group. Fluorine-18 labeled 6-fluoronicotinic acid-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl ester is a useful prosthetic group to radiolabel a protein. Recently, we reported an improved preparation of this prosthetic group. To test the conjugation efficiency of the labeled ester prepared by this method, we have performed conjugation reactions with a peptide, a protein, and a small molecule. Prostate-specific membrane antigen targeting small molecule [18 F]DCFPyL, αvβ3 integrin receptors targeting peptide [18 F]c(RGDfK) and [18 F]albumin were prepared in good radiochemical yields. The conjugation reactions were completed at 40°C to 50°C in 10 minutes. The overall radiochemical yield was 25% to 43% in 30 to 45 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Basuli
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Carolyn C Woodroofe
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Elaine M Jagoda
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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21
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Basuli F, Zhang X, Jagoda EM, Choyke PL, Swenson RE. Facile room temperature synthesis of fluorine-18 labeled fluoronicotinic acid-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl ester without azeotropic drying of fluorine-18. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:770-772. [PMID: 27693671 PMCID: PMC5118155 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-18 labeled fluoronicotinic acid-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl ester has been successfully synthesized in an unprecedented way by flowing an acetonitrile solution of its quaternary ammonium salt precursor (N,N,N-trimethyl-5-((2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenoxy)carbonyl)pyridin-2-aminium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1) through an anion exchange cartridge. The fluorination reaction proceeded at room temperature without azeotropic drying of the fluoride. Over 75% conversion was observed with 10mg of precursor in 2:8, acetonitrile: t-butanol in 1min. The total synthesis time was 5min which is ~30min shorter than the current literature method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Basuli
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Elaine M Jagoda
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
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22
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Malik N, Baur B, Winter G, Reske SN, Beer AJ, Solbach C. Radiofluorination of PSMA-HBED via Al(18)F(2+) Chelation and Biological Evaluations In Vitro. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 17:777-85. [PMID: 25869080 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ga-68-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligands have been used clinically for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of prostate cancer. However, F-18-labeled compounds offer several advantages, including the potential for delayed imaging, high starting activities enabling multidose preparation, and improved spatial resolution in PET. For F-18 labeling of peptides conjugated with a suitable chelator, a fast and feasible method is the use of [Al(18)F](2+). In the present study, the radiofluorinations of a well-known PSMA ligand Glu-NH-CO-NH-Lys(Ahx)-HBED-CC (PSMA-HBED) via [Al(18)F](2+) were performed with respect to various reaction parameters, along with the biological evaluations in a cell experiment. PROCEDURES [Al(18)F]PSMA-HBED was prepared by adding Na[(18)F]F into a vial containing 0.026 μmol peptide (in 0.05 M NaOAc buffer) and 0.03 μmol AlCl3⋅6H2O (in 0.05 M NaOAc buffer). Then, it was stirred at different temperatures from 1 to 30 min. Afterwards, purification was carried out by solid phase extraction. Biological evaluations were performed in PSMA-positive cell lines LNCaP C4-2, along with a negative control using PC-3 cell lines. RESULTS The best labeling results (81 ± 0.5 %, n = 4) were observed with 0.026 μmol peptide (30 °C, 5 min). For preclinical experiments, the production of [Al(18)F]PSMA-HBED at 35 °C including purification by solid phase extraction (SPE) succeeded within 45 min, resulting in a radiochemical yield of 49 ± 1.2 % (decay-corrected, n = 6, radiochemical purity ≥98 %) at EOS. The labeled peptide revealed serum stability for 4 h as well as a promising binding coefficient (K D) value of 10.3 ± 2.2 nM in cell experiments with PSMA-positive LNCaP C4-2 cells. CONCLUSION An efficient and one-pot method for the radiosynthesis of [Al(18)F]PSMA-HBED was developed (0.26 μmol of precursor at 35 °C). In cell culture studies, the K D suggests [Al(18)F]PSMA-HBED as a potential PSMA ligand for future investigations in vivo and clinical applications afterwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noeen Malik
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Baur
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gordon Winter
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven N Reske
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ambros J Beer
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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23
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Shi J, Wang F, Liu S. Radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides as radiotracers for tumor imaging. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2016; 2:1-20. [PMID: 27819026 PMCID: PMC5071373 DOI: 10.1007/s41048-016-0021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrin family comprises 24 transmembrane receptors, each a heterodimeric combination of one of 18α and one of 8β subunits. Their main function is to integrate the cell adhesion and interaction with the extracellular microenvironment with the intracellular signaling and cytoskeletal rearrangement through transmitting signals across the cell membrane upon ligand binding. Integrin αvβ3 is a receptor for the extracellular matrix proteins containing arginine–glycine–aspartic (RGD) tripeptide sequence. The αvβ3 is generally expressed in low levels on the epithelial cells and mature endothelial cells, but it is highly expressed in many solid tumors. The αvβ3 levels correlate well with the potential for tumor metastasis and aggressiveness, which make it an important biological target for development of antiangiogenic drugs, and molecular imaging probes for early tumor diagnosis. Over the last decade, many radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides have been evaluated as radiotracers for imaging tumors by SPECT or PET. Even though they are called “αvβ3-targeted” radiotracers, the radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides are also able to bind αvβ5, α5β1, α6β4, α4β1, and αvβ6 integrins, which may help enhance their tumor uptake due to the “increased receptor population.” This article will use the multimeric cyclic RGD peptides as examples to illustrate basic principles for development of integrin-targeted radiotracers and focus on different approaches to maximize their tumor uptake and T/B ratios. It will also discuss important assays for pre-clinical evaluations of the integrin-targeted radiotracers, and their potential applications as molecular imaging tools for noninvasive monitoring of tumor metastasis and early detection of the tumor response to antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Shi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Fan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
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24
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Lengkeek NA, Roberts MP, Zhang L, Lee ICJ, Fookes CJR, Dikic B, Herzog H, Katsifis A, Greguric I. Synthesis and Binding Affinity of Fluorine Containing NG-acyl and -sulfonyl BIBP3226 Derivatives: Ligands for the NPY Y1 Receptor. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors are abundant in a range of tumours hence are a molecular target for tumour imaging and therapy, particularly by the use of radiolabelled molecules. NG-Substituted derivatives of the NPY receptor antagonist, BIBP3226, were prepared aiming to improve its current usability and to incorporate a positron-emitting radioisotope for development in positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals. The BIBP3226 derivatives were prepared in seven steps while retaining the critically important amino acid chirality. The acyl derivative retained acceptable ligand binding, however the sulfonyl derivatives lost almost all binding affinity.
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25
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Collet C, Maskali F, Clément A, Chrétien F, Poussier S, Karcher G, Marie PY, Chapleur Y, Lamandé-Langle S. Development of 6-[18F]fluoro-carbohydrate-based prosthetic groups and their conjugation to peptides via click chemistry. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 59:54-62. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Collet
- Université de Lorraine; Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France
- Nancyclotep, Plateforme d'imagerie moléculaire; Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France
| | - Fatiha Maskali
- Nancyclotep, Plateforme d'imagerie moléculaire; Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France
| | - Alexandra Clément
- Nancyclotep, Plateforme d'imagerie moléculaire; Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France
| | - Françoise Chrétien
- Université de Lorraine; Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France
- CNRS; UMR 7565; Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France
| | - Sylvain Poussier
- Université de Lorraine; Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France
- Nancyclotep, Plateforme d'imagerie moléculaire; Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France
| | - Gilles Karcher
- Université de Lorraine; Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France
- Nancyclotep, Plateforme d'imagerie moléculaire; Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire; CHU-Nancy; Vandoeuvre les Nancy France
| | - Pierre-Yves Marie
- Université de Lorraine; Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France
- Nancyclotep, Plateforme d'imagerie moléculaire; Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire; CHU-Nancy; Vandoeuvre les Nancy France
| | - Yves Chapleur
- Université de Lorraine; Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France
- Nancyclotep, Plateforme d'imagerie moléculaire; Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France
- CNRS; UMR 7565; Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France
| | - Sandrine Lamandé-Langle
- Université de Lorraine; Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France
- CNRS; UMR 7565; Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France
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26
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Kumar P, Bacchu V, Wiebe LI. The chemistry and radiochemistry of hypoxia-specific, radiohalogenated nitroaromatic imaging probes. Semin Nucl Med 2015; 45:122-35. [PMID: 25704385 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is prevalent in many solid tumors. Hypoxic tumors tend to exhibit rapid growth and aberrant vasculature, which lead to oxygen (O2) depletion and impaired drug delivery. The reductive environment in hypoxic tumors alters cellular metabolism, which can trigger transcriptional responses; induce genetic alterations; promote invasion, metastasis, resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, tumor progression, and recurrence; and leads to poor local control and reduced survival rates. Therefore, exploiting the reductive microenvironment in hypoxic tumors by delivering electron-affinic, O2-mimetic radioactive drugs that bioreductively activate selectively in the hypoxic microenvironment offers a logical approach to molecular imaging of focal hypoxia. Because these agents also radiosensitize hypoxic cells, they provide an innovative approach to the therapy management of such tumors. To date, nuclear imaging of hypoxic tumor has proven to be clinically effective, whereas chemical radiosensitization by these compounds has not been helpful. The current review provides an insight into the chemistry, radiochemistry, and purification strategies for selected nitroaromatics that directly exploit the bioreductive environment in hypoxic cells. Both experimental and calculated single-electron reduction potentials of electron-affinic compounds, nitroimidazoles in particular, correlate with in vitro radiosensitizing properties, making them preferred choices for use as radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic imaging and as sensitizers to enhance the killing effects of low-energy-transfer x-rays (O2-mimetic radiosensitization). Extensive research and careful drug design have led to the development of several potentially useful hypoxia-targeting drugs, for example, [(18)F]FAZA, [(18)F]FMISO, [(18)F]EF5, and [(123)I]IAZA, that accrue selectively in hypoxic cells. These molecular probes are now globally used in clinical hypoxia imaging, including cancer. Future innovative developments must, however, consider hypoxia-selective molecular processes and the physicochemical properties of the drugs that dictate their biodistribution, hypoxia-selective accumulation, pharmacokinetics, clearance, biochemical behavior, and metabolism. This will facilitate their ultimate transformation to effective molecular theranostics, leading to improved multimodal management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Kumar
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Veena Bacchu
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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27
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Liu S. Radiolabeled Cyclic RGD Peptide Bioconjugates as Radiotracers Targeting Multiple Integrins. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1413-38. [PMID: 26193072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a requirement for tumor growth and metastasis. The angiogenic process depends on vascular endothelial cell migration and invasion, and is regulated by various cell adhesion receptors. Integrins are such a family of receptors that facilitate the cellular adhesion to and migration on extracellular matrix proteins in the intercellular spaces and basement membranes. Among 24 members of the integrin family, αvβ3 is studied most extensively for its role in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. The αvβ3 is expressed at relatively low levels on epithelial cells and mature endothelial cells, but it is highly expressed on the activated endothelial cells of tumor neovasculature and some tumor cells. This restricted expression makes αvβ3 an excellent target to develop antiangiogenic drugs and diagnostic molecular imaging probes. Since αvβ3 is a receptor for extracellular matrix proteins with one or more RGD tripeptide sequence, many radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides have been evaluated as "αvβ3-targeted" radiotracers for tumor imaging over the past decade. This article will use the dimeric and tetrameric cyclic RGD peptides developed in our laboratories as examples to illustrate basic principles for development of αvβ3-targeted radiotracers. It will focus on different approaches to maximize the radiotracer tumor uptake and tumor/background ratios. This article will also discuss some important assays for preclinical evaluations of integrin-targeted radiotracers. In general, multimerization of cyclic RGD peptides increases their integrin binding affinity and the tumor uptake and retention times of their radiotracers. Regardless of their multiplicity, the capability of cyclic RGD peptides to bind other integrins (namely, αvβ5, α5β1, α6β4, α4β1, and αvβ6) is expected to enhance the radiotracer tumor uptake due to the increased integrin population. The results from preclinical and clinical studies clearly show that radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides (such as (99m)Tc-3P-RGD2, (18)F-Alfatide-I, and (18)F-Alfatide-II) are useful as the molecular imaging probes for early cancer detection and noninvasive monitoring of the tumor response to antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Al-Momani E, Israel I, Buck AK, Samnick S. Improved synthesis of [¹⁸F]FS-PTAD as a new tyrosine-specific prosthetic group for radiofluorination of biomolecules. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 104:136-42. [PMID: 26159662 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel prosthetic group, 4-(p-([(18)F]fluorosulfonyl)phenyl)-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione ([(18)F]FS-PTAD) for site-specific radiofluorination of tyrosine residue in small molecules is described. Coupling of [(18)F]FS-PTAD with L-tyrosine, N-acetyl-L-tyrosine methyl amide and phenol as model compounds were achieved in buffered aqueous solution at room temperature, resulting in the corresponding fluorinated tyrosine and phenol derivatives. The total synthesis time including radiosynthesis, HPLC purification and formulation was less than 60 min (n=15) with ≥98% radio chemical purity. An initial in vitro evaluation of [(18)F]FS-PTAD-tyrosine in glioma cell lines revealed moderate uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Al-Momani
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher straße 6, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ina Israel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher straße 6, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher straße 6, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Samnick
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher straße 6, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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Jacobson O, Kiesewetter DO, Chen X. Fluorine-18 radiochemistry, labeling strategies and synthetic routes. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 26:1-18. [PMID: 25473848 PMCID: PMC4306521 DOI: 10.1021/bc500475e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-18 is the most frequently used radioisotope in positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals in both clinical and preclinical research. Its physical and nuclear characteristics (97% β(+) decay, 109.7 min half-life, 635 keV positron energy), along with high specific activity and ease of large scale production, make it an attractive nuclide for radiochemical labeling and molecular imaging. Versatile chemistry including nucleophilic and electrophilic substitutions allows direct or indirect introduction of (18)F into molecules of interest. The significant increase in (18)F radiotracers for PET imaging accentuates the need for simple and efficient (18)F-labeling procedures. In this review, we will describe the current radiosynthesis routes and strategies for (18)F labeling of small molecules and biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Jacobson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Thompson S, Zhang Q, Onega M, McMahon S, Fleming I, Ashworth S, Naismith JH, Passchier J, O'Hagan D. A Localized Tolerance in the Substrate Specificity of the Fluorinase Enzyme enables “Last-Step”18F Fluorination of a RGD Peptide under Ambient Aqueous Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Thompson S, Zhang Q, Onega M, McMahon S, Fleming I, Ashworth S, Naismith JH, Passchier J, O'Hagan D. A localized tolerance in the substrate specificity of the fluorinase enzyme enables "last-step" 18F fluorination of a RGD peptide under ambient aqueous conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8913-8. [PMID: 24989327 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for last-step (18)F fluorination of bioconjugated peptides is reported that exploits an "Achilles heel" in the substrate specificity of the fluorinase enzyme. An acetylene functionality at the C-2 position of the adenosine substrate projects from the active site into the solvent. The fluorinase catalyzes a transhalogenation of 5'-chlorodeoxy-2-ethynyladenosine (ClDEA) to 5'-fluorodeoxy-2-ethynyladenosine (FDEA). Extending a polyethylene glycol linker from the terminus of the acetylene allows the presentation of bioconjugation cargo to the enzyme for (18)F labelling. The method uses an aqueous solution (H2(18)O) of [(18)F]fluoride generated by the cyclotron and has the capacity to isotopically label peptides of choice for positron emission tomography (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Thompson
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST (UK)
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Yue X, Yan X, Wu C, Niu G, Ma Y, Jacobson O, Shen B, Kiesewetter DO, Chen X. One-pot two-step radiosynthesis of a new (18)F-labeled thiol reactive prosthetic group and its conjugate for insulinoma imaging. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3875-84. [PMID: 24798315 PMCID: PMC4224565 DOI: 10.1021/mp5001857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
N-(2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethyl)-6-fluoronicotinamide ([18F]FNEM),
a novel prosthetic agent that is thiol-specific, was synthesized using
a one-pot two-step strategy: (1) 18F incorporation by a
nucleophilic displacement of trimethylammonium substrate under mild
conditions; (2) amidation of the resulting 6-[18F]fluoronicotinic
acid 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl ester with N-(2-aminoethyl)maleimide
trifluoroacetate salt. The radiosynthesis of the maleimide tracer
was completed in 75 min from [18F]fluoride with 26 ±
5% decay uncorrected radiochemical yield, and specific activity of
19–88 GBq/μmol (decay uncorrected). The in vitro cell uptake, in vivo biodistribution, and positron
emission tomography (PET) imaging properties of its conjugation product
with [Cys40]-exendin-4 were described. [18F]FNEM-Cys40-exendin-4 showed specific targeting of glucagon-like peptide
1 receptor (GLP-1R) positive insulinomas and comparable imaging results
to our recently reported [18F]FPenM-Cys40-exendin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyi Yue
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Ismail R, Irribaren J, Javed MR, Machness A, Michael van Dam R, Keng PY. Cationic imidazolium polymer monoliths for efficient solvent exchange, activation and fluorination on a continuous flow system. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04064c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Richarz R, Krapf P, Zarrad F, Urusova EA, Neumaier B, Zlatopolskiy BD. Neither azeotropic drying, nor base nor other additives: a minimalist approach to 18F-labeling. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8094-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01336k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel radiofluorination procedure using only precursor and [18F]fluoride without the need for azeotropic drying, base and other ingredients was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Richarz
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging
- University Clinic Cologne
- 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Metabolic Research
- 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - P. Krapf
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging
- University Clinic Cologne
- 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Metabolic Research
- 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - F. Zarrad
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging
- University Clinic Cologne
- 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Metabolic Research
- 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - E. A. Urusova
- Max Planck Institute of Metabolic Research
- 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - B. Neumaier
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging
- University Clinic Cologne
- 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Metabolic Research
- 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - B. D. Zlatopolskiy
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging
- University Clinic Cologne
- 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Metabolic Research
- 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Yue X, Kiesewetter DO, Guo J, Sun Z, Zhang X, Zhu L, Niu G, Ma Y, Lang L, Chen X. Development of a new thiol site-specific prosthetic group and its conjugation with [Cys(40)]-exendin-4 for in vivo targeting of insulinomas. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1191-200. [PMID: 23750453 PMCID: PMC3779517 DOI: 10.1021/bc400084u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A new tracer, N-5-[(18)F]fluoropentylmaleimide ([(18)F]FPenM), for site-specific labeling of free thiol group in proteins and peptides was developed. The tracer was synthesized in three steps ((18)F displacement of the aliphatic tosylate, di-Boc removal by TFA to expose free amine, and incorporation of the free amine into a maleimide). The radiosynthesis was completed in 110 min with 11-17% radiochemical yield (uncorrected), and specific activity of 20-49 GBq/μmol. [(18)F]FPenM showed comparable labeling efficiency with N-[2-(4-[(18)F]fluorobenzamido)ethyl]maleimide ([(18)F]FBEM). Its application was demonstrated by conjugation with glucagon-like peptide type 1 (GLP-1) analogue [cys(40)]-exendin-4. The cell uptake, binding affinity, imaging properties, biodistribution, and metabolic stability of the radiolabeled [(18)F]FPenM-[cys(40)]-exendin-4 were studied using INS-1 tumor cells and INS-1 xenograft model. Positron emission tomography (PET) results showed that the new thiol-specific tracer, [(18)F]FPenM-[cys(40)]-exendin-4, had high tumor uptake (20.32 ± 4.36%ID/g at 60 min postinjection) and rapid liver and kidney clearance, which was comparable to the imaging results with [(18)F]FBEM-[cys(40)]-exendin-4 reported by our group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyi Yue
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Dale O. Kiesewetter
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jinxia Guo
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhongchan Sun
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Gang Niu
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ying Ma
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Lixin Lang
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Liu Z, Li Y, Lozada J, Wong MQ, Greene J, Lin KS, Yapp D, Perrin DM. Kit-like 18F-labeling of RGD-19F-arytrifluroborate in high yield and at extraordinarily high specific activity with preliminary in vivo tumor imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:841-9. [PMID: 23810487 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a rapidly expanding, cutting edge technology for preclinical evaluation, cancer diagnosis and staging, and patient management. A one-step aqueous (18)F-labeling method, which can be applied to peptides to provide functional in vivo images, has been a long-standing challenge in PET imaging. Over the past few years, we have sought a rapid and mild radiolabeling method based on the aqueous radiosynthesis of in vivo stable aryltrifluoroborate (ArBF(3)(-)) conjugates. Recent access to production levels of (18)F-Fluoride led to a fluorescent-(18)F-ArBF(3)(-) at unprecedentedly high specific activities of 15Ci/μmol. However, extending this method to labeling peptides as imaging agents has not been explored. METHODS In order to extend these results to a peptide of clinical interest in the context of production-level radiosynthesis, we applied this new technology for labeling RGD, measured its specific activity by standard curve analysis, and carried out a preliminary evaluation of its imaging properties. RESULTS RGD was labeled in excellent radiochemical yields at exceptionally high specific activity (~14Ci/μmol) (n = 3). Preliminary tumor-specific images corroborated by ex vivo biodistribution data with blocking controls show statistically significant albeit relatively low tumor uptake along with reasonably high tumor:blood ratios (n = 3). CONCLUSIONS Isotope exchange on a clinically useful (18)F-ArBF(3)(-) radiotracer leads to excellent radiochemical yields and exceptionally high specific activities while the anionic nature of the aryltrifluoroborate prosthetic results in very rapid clearance. Since rapid clearance of the radioactive tracer is generally desirable for tracer development, these results suggest new directions for varying linker arm composition to slightly retard clearance rather than enhancing it. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE This work is the first to use production levels of (18)F-activity to directly label RGD at specific activities that are an order of magnitude higher than most reports and thereby increases the distribution window for radiotracer production and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Liu
- Chemistry Department, 2036 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
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Inkster J, Lin KS, Ait-Mohand S, Gosselin S, Bénard F, Guérin B, Pourghiasian M, Ruth T, Schaffer P, Storr T. 2-Fluoropyridine prosthetic compounds for the 18F labeling of bombesin analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3920-6. [PMID: 23683595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acetylene-bearing 2-[(18)F]fluoropyridines [(18)F]FPy5yne and PEG-[(18)F]FPyKYNE were prepared via efficient nucleophilic heteroaromatic [(18)F]fluorination of their corresponding 2-trimethylammoniumpyrdinyl precursors. The prosthetic groups were conjugated to azide- and PEG3-modified bombesin(6-14) analogues via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition couplings to yield mono- and di-mini-PEGylated ligands for PET imaging of the gastrin- releasing peptide receptor. The PEG3- and PEG2/PEG3-bearing (18)F peptides showed decreased lipophilicity relative to an analogous non-mini-PEGylated (18)F peptide. Assessment of water-soluble peptide pharmacokinetics and tumour-targeting capabilities in a mouse model of prostate cancer is currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Inkster
- TRIUMF, Nuclear Medicine Division, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, Canada BC V6T 2A3.
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Cai H, Conti PS. RGD-based PET tracers for imaging receptor integrin αv β3 expression. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:264-79. [PMID: 24285371 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of receptor integrin αv β3 expression may play a key role in the early detection of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, monitoring disease progression, evaluating therapeutic response, and aiding anti-angiogenic drugs discovery and development. The last decade has seen the development of new PET tracers for in vivo imaging of integrin αv β3 expression along with advances in PET chemistry. In this review, we will focus on the radiochemistry development of PET tracers based on arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide, present an overview of general strategies for preparing RGD-based PET tracers, and review the recent advances in preparations of (18) F-labeled, (64) Cu-labeled, and (68) Ga-labeled RGD tracers, RGD-based PET multivalent probes, and RGD-based PET multimodality probes for imaging receptor integrin αv β3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hancheng Cai
- PET Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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Site-selective radiolabeling of peptides by (18)F-fluorobenzoylation with [(18F)]SFB in solution and on solid phase: a comparative study. Amino Acids 2013; 43:1431-43. [PMID: 22302364 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Peptides labeled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides are of outstanding interest as probes for molecular imaging by positron emission tomography (PET). Herein, the site-selective incorporation of fluorine-18 into lysine-containing peptides using the prosthetic labeling agent N-succinimidyl 4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoate ([(18)F]SFB) is described. The reaction of [(18)F]SFB with four biologically relevant resin-bound peptides was studied and optimized. For comparison, each peptide was 18F-fluorobenzoylated in solution under different conditions and the product distribution was analyzed confirming the advantages of the solid-phase approach. The method's feasibility for selective radiolabeling either at the N-terminus or at the lysine side chain was demonstrated. Labeling on solid phase with [(18)F]SFB resulted in crude (18)F-fluorobenzoylpeptides whose radiochemical purities were typically greater than 90% and that could be prepared in synthesis times from 65 to 76 min.
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Liu Z, Li Y, Lozada J, Schaffer P, Adam MJ, Ruth TJ, Perrin DM. Stoichiometric Leverage: Rapid18F-Aryltrifluoroborate Radiosynthesis at High Specific Activity for Click Conjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Liu Z, Li Y, Lozada J, Schaffer P, Adam MJ, Ruth TJ, Perrin DM. Stoichiometric Leverage: Rapid18F-Aryltrifluoroborate Radiosynthesis at High Specific Activity for Click Conjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:2303-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Liu Z, Li Y, Lozada J, Pan J, Lin KS, Schaffer P, Perrin DM. Rapid, one-step, high yielding18F-labeling of an aryltrifluoroborate bioconjugate by isotope exchange at very high specific activity. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Liu
- Chemistry Department, 2036 Main Mall; University of British Columbia; Vancouver; B.C.; V6T-1Z1; Canada
| | - Ying Li
- Chemistry Department, 2036 Main Mall; University of British Columbia; Vancouver; B.C.; V6T-1Z1; Canada
| | - Jerome Lozada
- Chemistry Department, 2036 Main Mall; University of British Columbia; Vancouver; B.C.; V6T-1Z1; Canada
| | - Jinhe Pan
- BC Cancer Agency - Vancouver Centre; Centre for Functional Imaging; 600 West 10th Avenue; Vancouver; B.C.; V5Z-4E6; Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- BC Cancer Agency - Vancouver Centre; Centre for Functional Imaging; 600 West 10th Avenue; Vancouver; B.C.; V5Z-4E6; Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Triumf; 4004 Wesbrook Mall; Vancouver; B.C.; V6T-2A3; Canada
| | - David M. Perrin
- Chemistry Department, 2036 Main Mall; University of British Columbia; Vancouver; B.C.; V6T-1Z1; Canada
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Single-step radiosynthesis and in vivo evaluation of a novel fluorine-18 labeled hippurate for use as a PET renal agent. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:1195-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Li XG, Haaparanta M, Solin O. Oxime formation for fluorine-18 labeling of peptides and proteins for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging: A review. J Fluor Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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46
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Abstract
Molecular imaging has witnessed an upsurge in growth, with positron emission tomography leading the way. This trend has encouraged numerous synthetic chemists to enter the field of (18) F-radiochemistry and provide generic solutions to address the well-recognized challenges of late-stage fluorination. This Minireview focuses on recent developments in the (18)F-labeling of aromatic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tredwell
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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48
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One-step 18F-labeling of peptides for positron emission tomography imaging using the SiFA methodology. Nat Protoc 2012; 7:1946-55. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2012.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Inkster JAH, Liu K, Ait-Mohand S, Schaffer P, Guérin B, Ruth TJ, Storr T. Sulfonyl fluoride-based prosthetic compounds as potential 18F labelling agents. Chemistry 2012; 18:11079-87. [PMID: 22807282 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic incorporation of [(18)F]F(-) under aqueous conditions holds several advantages in radiopharmaceutical development, especially with the advent of complex biological pharmacophores. Sulfonyl fluorides can be prepared in water at room temperature, yet they have not been assayed as a potential means to (18)F-labelled biomarkers for PET chemistry. We developed a general route to prepare bifunctional 4-formyl-, 3-formyl-, 4-maleimido- and 4-oxylalkynl-arylsulfonyl [(18)F]fluorides from their sulfonyl chloride analogues in 1:1 mixtures of acetonitrile, THF, or tBuOH and Cs[(18)F]F/Cs(2)CO(3(aq.)) in a reaction time of 15 min at room temperature. With the exception of 4-N-maleimide-benzenesulfonyl fluoride (3), pyridine could be used to simplify radiotracer purification by selectively degrading the precursor without significantly affecting observed yields. The addition of pyridine at the start of [(18)F]fluorination (1:1:0.8 tBuOH/Cs(2)CO(3(aq.))/pyridine) did not negatively affect yields of 3-formyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonyl [(18)F]fluoride (2) and dramatically improved the yields of 4-(prop-2-ynyloxy)benzenesulfonyl [(18)F]fluoride (4). The N-arylsulfonyl-4-dimethylaminopyridinium derivative of 4 (14) can be prepared and incorporates (18)F efficiently in solutions of 100 % aqueous Cs(2)CO(3) (10 mg mL(-1)). As proof-of-principle, [(18)F]2 was synthesised in a preparative fashion [88(±8) % decay corrected (n=6) from start-of-synthesis] and used to radioactively label an oxyamino-modified bombesin(6-14) analogue [35(±6) % decay corrected (n=4) from start-of-synthesis]. Total preparation time was 105-109 min from start-of-synthesis. Although the (18)F-peptide exhibited evidence of proteolytic defluorination and modification, our study is the first step in developing an aqueous, room temperature (18)F labelling strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A H Inkster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Malik N, Zlatopolskiy B, Machulla HJ, Reske SN, Solbach C. One pot radiofluorination of a new potential PSMA ligand [Al18F]NOTA-DUPA-Pep. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noeen Malik
- University Hospital; Ulm-Clinic for Nuclear Medicine; Ulm; Germany
| | | | | | - Sven N Reske
- University Hospital; Ulm-Clinic for Nuclear Medicine; Ulm; Germany
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