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Nickle A, Ko S, Merrill AE. Fibroblast growth factor 2. Differentiation 2024; 139:100733. [PMID: 37858405 PMCID: PMC11009566 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2), also known as basic fibroblast growth factor, is a potent stimulator of growth and differentiation in multiple tissues. Its discovery traces back over 50 years ago when it was first isolated from bovine pituitary extracts due to its ability to stimulate fibroblast proliferation. Subsequent studies investigating the genomic structure of FGF2 identified multiple protein isoforms, categorized as the low molecular weight and high molecular weight FGF2. These isoforms arise from alternative translation initiation events and exhibit unique molecular and cellular functions. In this concise review, we aim to provide an overview of what is currently known about the structure, expression, and functions of the FGF2 isoforms within the contexts of development, homeostasis, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Nickle
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Sebastian Ko
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Amy E Merrill
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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2
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Gędaj A, Gregorczyk P, Żukowska D, Chorążewska A, Ciura K, Kalka M, Porębska N, Opaliński Ł. Glycosylation of FGF/FGFR: An underrated sweet code regulating cellular signaling programs. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 77:39-55. [PMID: 38719671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) constitute plasma-membrane localized signaling hubs that transmit signals from the extracellular environment to the cell interior, governing pivotal cellular processes like motility, metabolism, differentiation, division and death. FGF/FGFR signaling is critical for human body development and homeostasis; dysregulation of FGF/FGFR units is observed in numerous developmental diseases and in about 10% of human cancers. Glycosylation is a highly abundant posttranslational modification that is critical for physiological and pathological functions of the cell. Glycosylation is also very common within FGF/FGFR signaling hubs. Vast majority of FGFs (15 out of 22 members) are N-glycosylated and few FGFs are O-glycosylated. Glycosylation is even more abundant within FGFRs; all FGFRs are heavily N-glycosylated in numerous positions within their extracellular domains. A growing number of studies points on the multiple roles of glycosylation in fine-tuning FGF/FGFR signaling. Glycosylation modifies secretion of FGFs, determines their stability and affects interaction with FGFRs and co-receptors. Glycosylation of FGFRs determines their intracellular sorting, constitutes autoinhibitory mechanism within FGFRs and adjusts FGF and co-receptor recognition. Sugar chains attached to FGFs and FGFRs constitute also a form of code that is differentially decrypted by extracellular lectins, galectins, which transform FGF/FGFR signaling at multiple levels. This review focuses on the identified functions of glycosylation within FGFs and FGFRs and discusses their relevance for the cell physiology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gędaj
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Paulina Gregorczyk
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Dominika Żukowska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chorążewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ciura
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Marta Kalka
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Natalia Porębska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
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3
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Itoh Y. Proteolytic modulation of tumor microenvironment signals during cancer progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:935231. [PMID: 36132127 PMCID: PMC9483212 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.935231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Under normal conditions, the cellular microenvironment is optimized for the proper functioning of the tissues and organs. Cells recognize and communicate with the surrounding cells and extracellular matrix to maintain homeostasis. When cancer arises, the cellular microenvironment is modified to optimize its malignant growth, evading the host immune system and finding ways to invade and metastasize to other organs. One means is a proteolytic modification of the microenvironment and the signaling molecules. It is now well accepted that cancer progression relies on not only the performance of cancer cells but also the surrounding microenvironment. This mini-review discusses the current understanding of the proteolytic modification of the microenvironment signals during cancer progression.
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Itoh Y. Modulation of Microenvironment Signals by Proteolytic Shedding of Cell Surface Extracellular Matrix Receptors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:736735. [PMID: 34796172 PMCID: PMC8593224 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.736735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organisms are composed of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM is a network of multidomain macromolecules that fills gaps between cells. It acts as a glue to connect cells, provides scaffolding for migrating cells, and pools cytokines and growth factors. ECM also directly sends signals to the cells through ECM receptors, providing survival signals and migration cues. Altogether, ECM provides a correct microenvironment for the cells to function in the tissue. Although ECM acts as a signaling molecule, they are insoluble solid molecules, unlike soluble receptor ligands such as cytokines and growth factors. Upon cell binding to the ECM through ECM receptors and signals transmitted, cells then need to have a mechanism to release from ECM to prevent prolonged signals, which may be tumorigenic, and migrate on ECM. One effective means to release the cells from ECM is to cleave the ECM receptors by proteinases. In this mini-review, current knowledge of ECM receptor shedding will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Itoh
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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5
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Trivedi N, Kumar D. Fibroblast growth factor and kidney disease: Updates for emerging novel therapeutics. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7909-7925. [PMID: 34196395 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) provided a profound new insight into physiological and metabolic functions. FGF has a large family by having divergent structural elements and enable functional divergence and specification. FGF and FGFRs are highly expressed during kidney development. Signals from the ureteric bud regulate morphogenesis, nephrogenesis, and nephron progenitor survival. Thus, FGF signaling plays an important role in kidney progenitor cell aggregation at the sites of new nephron formation. This review will summarize the current knowledge about functions of FGF signaling in kidney development and their ability to promote regeneration in injured kidneys and its use as a biomarker and therapeutic target in kidney diseases. Further studies are essential to determine the predictive significance of the various FGF/FGFR deviations and to integrate them into clinical algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neerja Trivedi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Stowers RS. Advances in Extracellular Matrix-Mimetic Hydrogels to Guide Stem Cell Fate. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:703-720. [PMID: 34082418 DOI: 10.1159/000514851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, stem cells offer vast potential for treating or replacing diseased and damaged tissue. Much progress has been made in understanding stem cell biology, yielding protocols for directing stem cell differentiation toward the cell type of interest for a specific application. One particularly interesting and powerful signaling cue is the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding stem cells, a network of biopolymers that, along with cells, makes up what we define as a tissue. The composition, structure, biochemical features, and mechanical properties of the ECM are varied in different tissues and developmental stages, and serve to instruct stem cells toward a specific lineage. By understanding and recapitulating some of these ECM signaling cues through engineered ECM-mimicking hydrogels, stem cell fate can be directed in vitro. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in material systems to guide stem cell fate, highlighting innovative methods to capture ECM functionalities and how these material systems can be used to provide basic insight into stem cell biology or make progress toward therapeutic objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Stowers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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Constitutive and Regulated Shedding of Soluble FGF Receptors Releases Biologically Active Inhibitors of FGF-2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052712. [PMID: 33800200 PMCID: PMC7962449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of soluble fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors in blood and the extracellular matrix has led to the prediction that these proteins modulate the diverse biological activities of the FGF family of ligands in vivo. A recent structural characterization of the soluble FGF receptors revealed that they are primarily generated by proteolytic cleavage of the FGFR-1 ectodomain. Efforts to examine their biological properties are now focused on understanding the functional consequences of FGFR-1 ectodomain shedding and how the shedding event is regulated. We have purified an FGFR-1 ectodomain that is constitutively cleaved from the full-length FGFR-1(IIIc) receptor and released into conditioned media. This shed receptor binds FGF-2; inhibits FGF-2-induced cellular proliferation; and competes with high affinity, cell surface FGF receptors for ligand binding. FGFR-1 ectodomain shedding downregulates the number of high affinity receptors from the cell surface. The shedding mechanism is regulated by ligand binding and by activators of PKC, and the two signaling pathways appear to be independent of each other. Deletions and substitutions at the proposed cleavage site of FGFR-1 do not prevent ectodomain shedding. Broad spectrum inhibitors of matrix metalloproteases decrease FGFR-1 ectodomain shedding, suggesting that the enzyme responsible for constitutive, ligand-activated, and protein kinase C-activated shedding is a matrix metalloprotease. In summary, shedding of the FGFR-1 ectodomain is a highly regulated event, sharing many features with a common system that governs the release of diverse membrane proteins from the cell surface. Most importantly, the FGFR ectodomains are biologically active after shedding and are capable of functioning as inhibitors of FGF-2.
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Gao K, Oerlemans R, Groves MR. Theory and applications of differential scanning fluorimetry in early-stage drug discovery. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:85-104. [PMID: 32006251 PMCID: PMC7040159 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) is an accessible, rapid, and economical biophysical technique that has seen many applications over the years, ranging from protein folding state detection to the identification of ligands that bind to the target protein. In this review, we discuss the theory, applications, and limitations of DSF, including the latest applications of DSF by ourselves and other researchers. We show that DSF is a powerful high-throughput tool in early drug discovery efforts. We place DSF in the context of other biophysical methods frequently used in drug discovery and highlight their benefits and downsides. We illustrate the uses of DSF in protein buffer optimization for stability, refolding, and crystallization purposes and provide several examples of each. We also show the use of DSF in a more downstream application, where it is used as an in vivo validation tool of ligand-target interaction in cell assays. Although DSF is a potent tool in buffer optimization and large chemical library screens when it comes to ligand-binding validation and optimization, orthogonal techniques are recommended as DSF is prone to false positives and negatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Gao
- Structure Biology in Drug Design, Drug Design Group XB20, Departments of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Oerlemans
- Structure Biology in Drug Design, Drug Design Group XB20, Departments of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew R Groves
- Structure Biology in Drug Design, Drug Design Group XB20, Departments of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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9
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Afosah DK, Al-Horani RA. Sulfated Non-Saccharide Glycosaminoglycan Mimetics as Novel Drug Discovery Platform for Various Pathologies. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3412-3447. [PMID: 30457046 PMCID: PMC6551317 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181120101147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are very complex, natural anionic polysaccharides. They are polymers of repeating disaccharide units of uronic acid and hexosamine residues. Owing to their template-free, spatiotemporally-controlled, and enzyme-mediated biosyntheses, GAGs possess enormous polydispersity, heterogeneity, and structural diversity which often translate into multiple biological roles. It is well documented that GAGs contribute to physiological and pathological processes by binding to proteins including serine proteases, serpins, chemokines, growth factors, and microbial proteins. Despite advances in the GAG field, the GAG-protein interface remains largely unexploited by drug discovery programs. Thus, Non-Saccharide Glycosaminoglycan Mimetics (NSGMs) have been rationally developed as a novel class of sulfated molecules that modulate GAG-protein interface to promote various biological outcomes of substantial benefit to human health. In this review, we describe the chemical, biochemical, and pharmacological aspects of recently reported NSGMs and highlight their therapeutic potentials as structurally and mechanistically novel anti-coagulants, anti-cancer agents, anti-emphysema agents, and anti-viral agents. We also describe the challenges that complicate their advancement and describe ongoing efforts to overcome these challenges with the aim of advancing the novel platform of NSGMs to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K. Afosah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219
| | - Rami A. Al-Horani
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125
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10
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Nurcombe V, Ling L, Hondermarck H, Cool SM, Smith RAA. Bringing Heparan Sulfate Glycomics Together with Proteomics for the Design of Novel Therapeutics: A Historical Perspective. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800466. [PMID: 31197945 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Increasing knowledge of how peptides bind saccharides, and of how saccharides bind peptides, is starting to revolutionize understanding of cell-extracellular matrix relationships. Here, a historical perspective is taken of the relationship between heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans and how they interact with peptide growth factors in order to both drive and modulate signaling through the appropriate cognate receptors. Such knowledge is guiding the preparation of targeted sugar mimetics that will impact the treatment of many different kinds of diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Nurcombe
- Institute of Medical Biology, Glycotherapeutics Group, A*STAR, 138648, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technology University-Imperial College London, 636921, Singapore
| | - Ling Ling
- Institute of Medical Biology, Glycotherapeutics Group, A*STAR, 138648, Singapore
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Simon M Cool
- Institute of Medical Biology, Glycotherapeutics Group, A*STAR, 138648, Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Raymond A A Smith
- Institute of Medical Biology, Glycotherapeutics Group, A*STAR, 138648, Singapore
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11
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Dakhore S, Nayer B, Hasegawa K. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Culture: Current Status, Challenges, and Advancement. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:7396905. [PMID: 30595701 PMCID: PMC6282144 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7396905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have gained attention due to their pluripotent and proliferative ability which enables production of almost all cell types in the human body in vitro and makes them an excellent tool to study human embryogenesis and disease, as well as for drug discovery and cell transplantation therapies. Discovery of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) further expanded therapeutic applications of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). hPSCs provide a stable and unlimited original cell source for producing suitable cells and tissues for downstream applications. Therefore, engineering the environment in which these cells are grown, for stable and quality-controlled hPSC maintenance and production, is one of the key factors governing the success of these applications. hPSCs are maintained in a particular niche using specific cell culture components. Ideally, the culture should be free of xenobiotic components to render hPSCs suitable for therapeutic applications. Substantial efforts have been put to identify effective components, and develop culture conditions and protocols, for their large-scale expansion without compromising on quality. In this review, we discuss different media, their components and functions, including specific requirements to maintain the pluripotent and proliferative ability of hPSCs. Understanding the role of culture components would enable the development of appropriate conditions to promote large-scale, quality-controlled expansion of hPSCs thereby increasing their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushrut Dakhore
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore, India
| | - Bhavana Nayer
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore, India
| | - Kouichi Hasegawa
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore, India
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Japan
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12
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Ran Q, Xu X, Dey P, Yu S, Lu Y, Dzubiella J, Haag R, Ballauff M. Interaction of human serum albumin with dendritic polyglycerol sulfate: Rationalizing the thermodynamics of binding. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:163324. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qidi Ran
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz Virtual Institute, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow-Seehof, Germany
| | - Xiao Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, 210094 Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pradip Dey
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shun Yu
- Institute of Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yan Lu
- Institute of Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Dzubiella
- Institute of Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz Virtual Institute, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow-Seehof, Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz Virtual Institute, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow-Seehof, Germany
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Institute of Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz Virtual Institute, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow-Seehof, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Hao W, Han J, Chu Y, Huang L, Zhuang Y, Sun J, Li X, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Dai J. Collagen/Heparin Bi‐Affinity Multilayer Modified Collagen Scaffolds for Controlled bFGF Release to Improve Angiogenesis In Vivo. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800086. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wangping Hao
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - Jie Han
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
- Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 P.R. China
| | - Yun Chu
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 P.R. China
- Center for Regenerative MedicineState Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
- Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 P.R. China
- Center for Regenerative MedicineState Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 P.R. China
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14
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Yin Y, Wang A, Feng L, Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhang I, Bany BM, Ma L. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Sulfation Regulates Uterine Differentiation and Signaling During Embryo Implantation. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2459-2472. [PMID: 29688404 PMCID: PMC6692868 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To prepare for embryo implantation, the uterus must undergo a series of reciprocal interactions between the uterine epithelium and the underlying stroma, which are orchestrated by ovarian hormones. During this process, multiple signaling pathways are activated to direct cell proliferation and differentiation, which render the uterus receptive to the implanting blastocysts. One important modulator of these signaling pathways is the cell surface and extracellular matrix macromolecules, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). HSPGs play crucial roles in signal transduction by regulating morphogen transport and ligand binding. In this study, we examine the role of HSPG sulfation in regulating uterine receptivity by conditionally deleting the N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (NDST) 1 gene (Ndst1) in the mouse uterus using the Pgr-Cre driver, on an Ndst2- and Ndst3-null genetic background. Although development of the female reproductive tract and subsequent ovarian function appear normal in Ndst triple-knockout females, they are infertile due to implantation defects. Embryo attachment appears to occur but the uterine epithelium at the site of implantation persists rather than disintegrates in the mutant. Uterine epithelial cells continued to proliferate past day 4 of pregnancy, accompanied by elevated Fgf2 and Fgf9 expression, whereas uterine stroma failed to undergo decidualization, as evidenced by lack of Bmp2 induction. Despite normal Indian hedgehog expression, transcripts of Ptch1 and Gli1, both components as well as targets of the hedgehog (Hh) pathway, were detected only in the subepithelial stroma, indicating altered Hh signaling in the mutant uterus. Taken together, these data implicate an essential role for HSPGs in modulating signal transduction during mouse implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Adam Wang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Li Feng
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yu Wang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Hong Zhang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ivy Zhang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brent M Bany
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois
| | - Liang Ma
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Correspondence: Liang Ma, PhD, Department of Medicine, Box 8123, Washington University, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110. E-mail:
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15
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Katner SJ, Johnson WE, Peterson EJ, Page P, Farrell NP. Comparison of Metal-Ammine Compounds Binding to DNA and Heparin. Glycans as Ligands in Bioinorganic Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:3116-3125. [PMID: 29473748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present spectroscopic and biophysical approaches to examine the affinity of metal-ammine coordination complexes for heparin as a model for heparan sulfate (HS). Similar to nucleic acids, the highly anionic nature of heparin means it is associated in vivo with physiologically relevant cations, and this work extends their bioinorganic chemistry to substitution-inert metal-ammine compounds (M). Both indirect and direct assays were developed. M compounds are competitive inhibitors of methylene blue (MB)-heparin binding, and the change in the absorbance of the dye in the presence or absence of heparin can be used as an indirect reporter of M-heparin affinity. A second indirect assay uses the change in fluorescence of TAMRA-R9, a nonaarginine linked to a fluorescent TAMRA moiety, as a reporter for M-heparin binding. Direct assays are surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The Kd values for TriplatinNC-heparin varied to some extent depending on the technique from 33.1 ± 2 nM (ITC) to 66.4 ± 1.3 nM (MB absorbance assay) and 340 ± 30 nM (SPR). The differences are explained by the nature of the technique and the use of heparin of differing molecular weight. Indirect probes using the displacement of ethidium bromide from DNA or, separately, fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide (DNA-Fl) can measure the relative affinities of heparin and DNA for M compounds. These assays showed essentially equivalent affinity of TriplatinNC for heparin and DNA. The generality of these methods was confirmed with a series of mononuclear cobalt, ruthenium, and platinum compounds with significantly lower affinity because of their smaller overall positive charge but in the order [Co(NH3)6]3+ > [Ru(NH3)6]3+ > [Pt(NH3)4]2+. The results on heparin can be extrapolated to glycosoaminoglycans such as HS, emphasizing the relevance of glycan interactions in understanding the biological properties of coordination compounds and the utility of the metalloglycomics concept for extending bioinorganic chemistry to this class of important biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Katner
- Department of Chemistry and Massey Cancer Center , Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) , Richmond , Virginia 23284 , United States
| | - Wyatt E Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Massey Cancer Center , Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) , Richmond , Virginia 23284 , United States
| | - Erica J Peterson
- Department of Chemistry and Massey Cancer Center , Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) , Richmond , Virginia 23284 , United States
| | - Phillip Page
- Reichert Technologies , Depew , New York 14043 , United States
| | - Nicholas P Farrell
- Department of Chemistry and Massey Cancer Center , Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) , Richmond , Virginia 23284 , United States
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16
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Park DS, Mewhort HE, Teng G, Belke D, Turnbull J, Svystonyuk D, Guzzardi D, Kang S, Fedak PW. Heparin Augmentation Enhances Bioactive Properties of Acellular Extracellular Matrix Scaffold. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:128-134. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S.J. Park
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Health Research Innovation Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Holly E.M. Mewhort
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Health Research Innovation Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Guoqi Teng
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Health Research Innovation Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darrell Belke
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Health Research Innovation Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeannine Turnbull
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Health Research Innovation Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniyil Svystonyuk
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Health Research Innovation Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David Guzzardi
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Health Research Innovation Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sean Kang
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Health Research Innovation Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul W.M. Fedak
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Health Research Innovation Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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17
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Sevim S, Ozer S, Jones G, Wurzel J, Feng L, Fakhraee A, Shamsudhin N, Ergeneman O, Pellicer E, Sort J, Pané S, Nelson BJ, Torun H, Lühmann T. Nanomechanics on FGF-2 and Heparin Reveal Slip Bond Characteristics with pH Dependency. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1000-1007. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Semih Sevim
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bogazici University, Bebek 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevil Ozer
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bogazici University, Bebek 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gabriel Jones
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am
Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joel Wurzel
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am
Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Luying Feng
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bogazici University, Bebek 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arielle Fakhraee
- Aeon Scientific AG, Schlieren, Rütistrasse 12, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Naveen Shamsudhin
- Multi
Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olgaç Ergeneman
- Multi
Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Pellicer
- Departament
de Física, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Torre C5 par-2, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Sort
- Departament
de Física, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Torre C5 par-2, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Ps. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Pané
- Multi
Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bradley J. Nelson
- Multi
Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hamdi Torun
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bogazici University, Bebek 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am
Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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18
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Moscaroli A, Jones G, Lühmann T, Meinel L, Wälti S, Blanc A, Fischer E, Hilbert M, Schibli R, Béhé M. Radiolabeled 111In-FGF-2 Is Suitable for In Vitro/Ex Vivo Evaluations and In Vivo Imaging. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:639-648. [PMID: 28221043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is a potent modulator of cell growth and regulation, with improper FGF-2 signaling being involved in impaired responses to injury or even cancer. Therefore, the exploitation of FGF-2 as a therapeutic drives the prerequisite for effective insight into drug disposition kinetics. In this article, we present an 111In-radiolabeled FGF-2 derivative for noninvasive imaging in small animals deploying single photon emission tomography (SPECT). 111In-FGF-2 is equally well suitable for in vitro and ex vivo investigations as 125I-FGF-2. Furthermore, 111In-FGF-2 permits the performance of in vivo imaging, for example for the analysis of FGF-2 containing pharmaceutical formulations in developmental or preclinical stages. 111In-FGF-2 had affinity for the low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin identical to that of unlabeled FGF-2 (Kd: 0.6 ± 0.07 μM and 0.33 ± 0.03 μM, respectively) as assessed by isothermal titration calorimetry. The binding of 111In-FGF-2 to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HPSGs) and the biological activity were comparable to those of unlabeled FGF-2, with EC50 values of 12 ± 2 pM and 25 ± 6 pM, respectively. In vivo biodistribution in healthy nude mice indicated a predominant accumulation of 111In-FGF-2 in filtering organs and minor uptake in the retina and the salivary and pituitary glands, which was confirmed by SPECT imaging. Therefore, 111In-FGF-2 is a valid tracer for future noninvasive animal imaging of FGF-2 in pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Moscaroli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Jones
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wurzburg , 97074 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wurzburg , 97074 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wurzburg , 97074 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Wälti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alain Blanc
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Fischer
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Hilbert
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Béhé
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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19
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Schutgens F, Verhaar MC, Rookmaaker MB. Pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids: An in vivo-like in vitro technology. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 790:12-20. [PMID: 27375081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organoids are self-organizing, multicellular structures that contain multiple cell types, represent organ structure and function, and can be used to model organ development, maintenance and repair ex vivo. Organoids, derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or adult stem cells, are cultured in extracellular matrix (ECM). Organoid cultures have been developed for multiple organs and for the kidney, pluripotent stem cell (PSCs) derived organoid technology has rapidly developed in the last three years. Here, we review available PSC differentiation protocols, focusing on the pluripotent stem cells to initiate the organoid culture, as well as on growth factors and ECM used to regulate differentiation and expansion. In addition, we will discuss the read out strategies to evaluate organoid phenotype and function. Finally, we will indicate how the choice of both culture parameters and read out strategy should be tailored to specific applications of the organoid culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans Schutgens
- UMC Utrecht, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Postbus 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- UMC Utrecht, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Postbus 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Maarten B Rookmaaker
- UMC Utrecht, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Postbus 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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20
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Gomes AM, Sinkeviciute D, Multhaupt HAB, Yoneda A, Couchman JR. Syndecan Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans: Regulation, Signaling and Impact on Tumor Biology. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2016. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1422.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Maciel Gomes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen
| | - Dovile Sinkeviciute
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen
| | - Hinke A. B. Multhaupt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen
| | - Atsuko Yoneda
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - John R. Couchman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Biocenter
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21
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Gomes AM, Sinkeviciute D, Multhaupt HAB, Yoneda A, Couchman JR. Syndecan Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans: Regulation, Signaling and Impact on Tumor Biology. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2016. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1422.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Maciel Gomes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen
| | - Dovile Sinkeviciute
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen
| | - Hinke A. B. Multhaupt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen
| | - Atsuko Yoneda
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - John R. Couchman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Biocenter
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22
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Niu S, Ruotolo BT. Collisional unfolding of multiprotein complexes reveals cooperative stabilization upon ligand binding. Protein Sci 2015; 24:1272-81. [PMID: 25970849 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cooperative binding mechanisms are a common feature in biology, enabling a diverse range of protein-based molecular machines to regulate activities ranging from oxygen uptake to cellular membrane transport. Much, however, is not known about such cooperative binding mechanisms, including how such events typically add to the overall stability of such protein systems. Measurements of such cooperative stabilization events are challenging, as they require the separation and resolution of individual protein complex bound states within a mixture of potential stoichiometries to individually assess protein stabilities. Here, we report ion mobility-mass spectrometry results for the concanavalin A tetramer bound to a range of polysaccharide ligands. We use collision induced unfolding, a relatively new methodology that functions as a gas-phase analog of calorimetry experiments in solution, to individually assess the stabilities of concanavalin A bound states. By comparing the differences in activation voltage required to unfold different concanavalin A-ligand stoichiometries, we find evidence suggesting a cooperative stabilization of concanavalin A occurs upon binding most carbohydrate ligands. We critically evaluate this observation by assessing a broad range of ligands, evaluating the unfolding properties of multiple protein charge states, and by comparing our gas-phase results with those obtained from calorimetry experiments carried out in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Niu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | - Brandon T Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
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23
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Grolier JPE, del Río JM. Isothermal Titration Calorimetry: Application of the Gibbs–Duhem Equation to the Study of the Relationship Between Forward and Reverse Titrations. J SOLUTION CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-014-0243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Aqil A, El Kadib A, Aqil M, Bousmina M, Elidrissi A, Detrembleur C, Jérôme C. Nitroaldol condensation catalyzed by topologically modulable cooperative acid–base chitosan–TiO2hybrid materials. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04590d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Zhao H, Heusler E, Jones G, Li L, Werner V, Germershaus O, Ritzer J, Luehmann T, Meinel L. Decoration of silk fibroin by click chemistry for biomedical application. J Struct Biol 2014; 186:420-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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26
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A Network Map of FGF-1/FGFR Signaling System. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2014; 2014:962962. [PMID: 24829797 PMCID: PMC4009234 DOI: 10.1155/2014/962962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) is a well characterized growth factor among the 22 members of the FGF superfamily in humans. It binds to all the four known FGF receptors and regulates a plethora of functions including cell growth, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival in different cell types. FGF-1 is involved in the regulation of diverse physiological processes such as development, angiogenesis, wound healing, adipogenesis, and neurogenesis. Deregulation of FGF-1 signaling is not only implicated in tumorigenesis but also is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. Given the biomedical significance of FGFs and the fact that individual FGFs have different roles in diverse physiological processes, the analysis of signaling pathways induced by the binding of specific FGFs to their cognate receptors demands more focused efforts. Currently, there are no resources in the public domain that facilitate the analysis of signaling pathways induced by individual FGFs in the FGF/FGFR signaling system. Towards this, we have developed a resource of signaling reactions triggered by FGF-1/FGFR system in various cell types/tissues. The pathway data and the reaction map are made available for download in different community standard data exchange formats through NetPath and NetSlim signaling pathway resources.
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27
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van Wijk XMR, van Kuppevelt TH. Heparan sulfate in angiogenesis: a target for therapy. Angiogenesis 2013; 17:443-62. [PMID: 24146040 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS), a long linear polysaccharide of alternating disaccharide residues, interacts with a wide variety of proteins, including many angiogenic factors. The involvement of HS in signaling of pro-angiogenic factors (e.g. vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2), as well as interaction with anti-angiogenic factors (e.g. endostatin), warrants its role as an important modifier of (tumor) angiogenesis. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of HS in angiogenic growth factor signaling, and discusses therapeutic strategies to target HS and modulate angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xander M R van Wijk
- Department of Biochemistry (280), Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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28
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Longo L, Lee J, Blaber M. Experimental support for the foldability-function tradeoff hypothesis: segregation of the folding nucleus and functional regions in fibroblast growth factor-1. Protein Sci 2012; 21:1911-20. [PMID: 23047594 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of function is often associated with destabilizing mutations, giving rise to the stability-function tradeoff hypothesis. To test whether function is also accommodated at the expense of foldability, fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) was subjected to a comprehensive φ-value analysis at each of the 11 turn regions. FGF-1, a β-trefoil fold, represents an excellent model system with which to evaluate the influence of function on foldability: because of its threefold symmetric structure, analysis of FGF-1 allows for direct comparisons between symmetry-related regions of the protein that are associated with function to those that are not; thus, a structural basis for regions of foldability can potentially be identified. The resulting φ-value distribution of FGF-1 is highly polarized, with the majority of positions described as either folded-like or denatured-like in the folding transition state. Regions important for folding are shown to be asymmetrically distributed within the protein architecture; furthermore, regions associated with function (i.e., heparin-binding affinity and receptor-binding affinity) are localized to regions of the protein that fold after barrier crossing (late in the folding pathway). These results provide experimental support for the foldability-function tradeoff hypothesis in the evolution of FGF-1. Notably, the results identify the potential for folding redundancy in symmetric protein architecture with important implications for protein evolution and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Longo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4300, USA
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29
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Goetz R, Ohnishi M, Kir S, Kurosu H, Wang L, Pastor J, Ma J, Gai W, Kuro-o M, Razzaque MS, Mohammadi M. Conversion of a paracrine fibroblast growth factor into an endocrine fibroblast growth factor. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:29134-46. [PMID: 22733815 PMCID: PMC3436551 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.342980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
FGFs 19, 21, and 23 are hormones that regulate in a Klotho co-receptor-dependent fashion major metabolic processes such as glucose and lipid metabolism (FGF21) and phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis (FGF23). The role of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan in the formation of the cell surface signaling complex of endocrine FGFs has remained unclear. Here we show that heparan sulfate is not a component of the signal transduction unit of FGF19 and FGF23. In support of our model, we convert a paracrine FGF into an endocrine ligand by diminishing heparan sulfate-binding affinity of the paracrine FGF and substituting its C-terminal tail for that of an endocrine FGF containing the Klotho co-receptor-binding site to home the ligand into the target tissue. In addition to serving as a proof of concept, the ligand conversion provides a novel strategy for engineering endocrine FGF-like molecules for the treatment of metabolic disorders, including global epidemics such as type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Goetz
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Mutsuko Ohnishi
- the Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Serkan Kir
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, and
| | - Hiroshi Kurosu
- the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Lei Wang
- the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Johanne Pastor
- the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Jinghong Ma
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Weiming Gai
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Makoto Kuro-o
- the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Mohammed S. Razzaque
- the Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Moosa Mohammadi
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
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30
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Lee H, Ooya T. Generation-Dependent Host-Guest Interactions: Solution States of Polyglycerol Dendrimers of Generations 3 and 4 Modulate the Localization of a Guest Molecule. Chemistry 2012; 18:10624-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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He L, Hristova K. Physical-chemical principles underlying RTK activation, and their implications for human disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1818:995-1005. [PMID: 21840295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RTKs, the second largest family of membrane receptors, exert control over cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. In recent years, our understanding of RTK structure and activation in health and disease has skyrocketed. Here we describe experimental approaches used to interrogate RTKs, and we review the quantitative biophysical frameworks and structural considerations that shape our understanding of RTK function. We discuss current knowledge about RTK interactions, focusing on the role of different domains in RTK homodimerization, and on the importance and challenges in RTK heterodimerization studies. We also review our understanding of pathogenic RTK mutations, and the underlying physical-chemical causes for the pathologies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Folding in Membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Elucidating glycosaminoglycan-protein-protein interactions using carbohydrate microarray and computational approaches. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:9747-52. [PMID: 21628576 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1102962108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycan polysaccharides play critical roles in many cellular processes, ranging from viral invasion and angiogenesis to spinal cord injury. Their diverse biological activities are derived from an ability to regulate a remarkable number of proteins. However, few methods exist for the rapid identification of glycosaminoglycan-protein interactions and for studying the potential of glycosaminoglycans to assemble multimeric protein complexes. Here, we report a multidisciplinary approach that combines new carbohydrate microarray and computational modeling methodologies to elucidate glycosaminoglycan-protein interactions. The approach was validated through the study of known protein partners for heparan and chondroitin sulfate, including fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and its receptor FGFR1, the malarial protein VAR2CSA, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). We also applied the approach to identify previously undescribed interactions between a specific sulfated epitope on chondroitin sulfate, CS-E, and the neurotrophins, a critical family of growth factors involved in the development, maintenance, and survival of the vertebrate nervous system. Our studies show for the first time that CS is capable of assembling multimeric signaling complexes and modulating neurotrophin signaling pathways. In addition, we identify a contiguous CS-E-binding site by computational modeling that suggests a potential mechanism to explain how CS may promote neurotrophin-tyrosine receptor kinase (Trk) complex formation and neurotrophin signaling. Together, our combined microarray and computational modeling methodologies provide a general, facile means to identify new glycosaminoglycan-protein-protein interactions, as well as a molecular-level understanding of those complexes.
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Lee J, Blaber SI, Dubey VK, Blaber M. A polypeptide "building block" for the β-trefoil fold identified by "top-down symmetric deconstruction". J Mol Biol 2011; 407:744-63. [PMID: 21315087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-1, a member of the 3-fold symmetric β-trefoil fold, was subjected to a series of symmetric constraint mutations in a process termed "top-down symmetric deconstruction." The mutations enforced a cumulative exact 3-fold symmetry upon symmetrically equivalent positions within the protein and were combined with a stability screen. This process culminated in a β-trefoil protein with exact 3-fold primary-structure symmetry that exhibited excellent folding and stability properties. Subsequent fragmentation of the repeating primary-structure motif yielded a 42-residue polypeptide capable of spontaneous assembly as a homotrimer, producing a thermostable β-trefoil architecture. The results show that despite pronounced reduction in sequence complexity, pure symmetry in the design of a foldable, thermostable β-trefoil fold is possible. The top-down symmetric deconstruction approach provides a novel alternative means to successfully identify a useful polypeptide "building block" for subsequent "bottom-up" de novo design of target protein architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA
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Kuo WJ, Digman MA, Lander AD. Heparan sulfate acts as a bone morphogenetic protein coreceptor by facilitating ligand-induced receptor hetero-oligomerization. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:4028-41. [PMID: 20861306 PMCID: PMC2982130 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-04-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) not only binds several major classes of growth factors but also sometimes potentiates their activities--an effect usually termed "coreception." A view that coreception is due to the stabilization of growth factor-receptor interactions has emerged primarily from studies of the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). Recent in vivo studies have strongly suggested that HS also plays an important role in regulating signaling by the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Here, we provide evidence that the mechanism of coreception for BMPs is markedly different from that established for FGFs. First, we demonstrate a direct, stimulatory role for cell surface HS in the immediate signaling activities of BMP2 and BMP4, and we provide evidence that HS-BMP interactions are required for this effect. Next, using several independent assays of ligand binding and receptor assembly, including coimmunoprecipitation, cross-linking, and fluorescence fluctuation microscopy, we show that HS does not affect BMP binding to type I receptor subunits but instead enhances the subsequent recruitment of type II receptor subunits to BMP-type I receptor complexes. This suggests a view of HS as a catalyst of the formation of signaling complexes, rather than as a stabilizer of growth factor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jong Kuo
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Zhu H, Duchesne L, Rudland PS, Fernig DG. The heparan sulfate co-receptor and the concentration of fibroblast growth factor-2 independently elicit different signalling patterns from the fibroblast growth factor receptor. Cell Commun Signal 2010; 8:14. [PMID: 20576134 PMCID: PMC2912315 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-8-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) interprets concentration gradients of FGF ligands and structural changes in the heparan sulfate (HS) co-receptor to generate different cellular responses. However, whether the FGFR generates different signals is not known. Results We have previously shown in rat mammary fibroblasts that in cells deficient in sulfation, and so in HS co-receptor, FGF-2 can only stimulate a transient phosphorylation of p42/44 MAPK and so cannot stimulate DNA synthesis. Here we demonstrate that this is because in the absence of HS, FGF-2 fails to stimulate the phosphorylation of the adaptor FGFR substrate 2 (FRS2). In cells possessing the HS co-receptor, FGF-2 elicits a bell-shaped dose response: optimal concentrations stimulate DNA synthesis, but supramaximal concentrations (≥ 100 ng/mL) have little effect. At optimal concentrations (300 pg/mL) FGF-2 stimulates a sustained dual phosphorylation of p42/44 MAPK and tyrosine phosphorylation of FRS2. In contrast, 100 ng/mL FGF-2 only stimulates a transient early peak of p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation and fails to stimulate appreciably the phosphorylation of FRS2 on tyrosine. Conclusions These results suggest that the nature of the FGFR signal produced is determined by a combination of the HS co-receptor and the concentration of FGF ligand. Both the phosphorylation of the adaptor FRS2, the kinetics (sustained or transient) of phosphorylation of p42/44(MAPK) are varied, and so differing cellular responses are produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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Rozario T, DeSimone DW. The extracellular matrix in development and morphogenesis: a dynamic view. Dev Biol 2010; 341:126-40. [PMID: 19854168 PMCID: PMC2854274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 913] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is synthesized and secreted by embryonic cells beginning at the earliest stages of development. Our understanding of ECM composition, structure and function has grown considerably in the last several decades and this knowledge has revealed that the extracellular microenvironment is critically important for cell growth, survival, differentiation and morphogenesis. ECM and the cellular receptors that interact with it mediate both physical linkages with the cytoskeleton and the bidirectional flow of information between the extracellular and intracellular compartments. This review considers the range of cell and tissue functions attributed to ECM molecules and summarizes recent findings specific to key developmental processes. The importance of ECM as a dynamic repository for growth factors is highlighted along with more recent studies implicating the 3-dimensional organization and physical properties of the ECM as it relates to cell signaling and the regulation of morphogenetic cell behaviors. Embryonic cell and tissue generated forces and mechanical signals arising from ECM adhesion represent emerging areas of interest in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Rozario
- Department of Cell Biology and the Morphogenesis and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Virginia, PO Box 800732, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Vora SR, Palamakumbura AH, Mitsi M, Guo Y, Pischon N, Nugent MA, Trackman PC. Lysyl oxidase propeptide inhibits FGF-2-induced signaling and proliferation of osteoblasts. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:7384-93. [PMID: 20048148 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.033597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-lysyl oxidase is secreted as a 50-kDa proenzyme and is then cleaved to a 30-kDa mature enzyme (lysyl oxidase (LOX)) and an 18-kDa propeptide (lysyl oxidase propeptide (LOX-PP)). The presence of LOX-PP in the cell layers of phenotypically normal osteoblast cultures led us to investigate the effects of LOX-PP on osteoblast differentiation. Data indicate that LOX-PP inhibits terminal mineralization in primary calvaria osteoblast cultures when added at early stages of differentiation, with no effects seen when present at later stages. LOX-PP was found to inhibit serum- and FGF-2-stimulated DNA synthesis and FGF-2-stimulated cell growth. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analyses show that LOX-PP inhibits FGF-2-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, signaling events that mediate the FGF-2-induced proliferative response. LOX-PP inhibits FGF-2-stimulated phosphorylation of FRS2alpha and FGF-2-stimulated DNA synthesis, even after inhibition of sulfation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. These data point to a LOX-PP target at or near the level of fibroblast growth factor receptor binding or activation. Ligand binding assays on osteoblast cell layers with (125)I-FGF-2 demonstrate a concentration-dependent inhibition of FGF-2 binding to osteoblasts by LOX-PP. In vitro binding assays with recombinant fibroblast growth factor receptor protein revealed that LOX-PP inhibits FGF-2 binding in an uncompetitive manner. We propose a working model for the respective roles of LOX enzyme and LOX-PP in osteoblast phenotype development in which LOX-PP may act to inhibit the proliferative response possibly to allow cells to exit from the cell cycle and progress to the next stages of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth R Vora
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Kiselyov VV. NCAM and the FGF-Receptor. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 663:67-79. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1170-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ng A, Wong M, Viviano B, Erlich JM, Alba G, Pflederer C, Jay PY, Saunders S. Loss of glypican-3 function causes growth factor-dependent defects in cardiac and coronary vascular development. Dev Biol 2009; 335:208-15. [PMID: 19733558 PMCID: PMC2763964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2009] [Revised: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glypican-3 (Gpc3) is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) expressed widely during vertebrate development. Loss-of-function mutations cause Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS), a rare and complex congenital overgrowth syndrome with a number of associated developmental abnormalities including congenital heart disease. We found that Gpc3-deficient mice display a high incidence of congenital cardiac malformations like ventricular septal defects, common atrioventricular canal and double outlet right ventricle. In addition we observed coronary artery fistulas, which have not been previously reported in SGBS. Coronary artery fistulas are noteworthy because little is known about the molecular basis of this abnormality. Formation of the coronary vascular plexus in Gpc3-deficient embryos was delayed compared to wild-type, and consistent with GPC3 functioning as a co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor-9 (FGF9), we found a reduction in Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) mRNA expression and signaling in embryonic mutant hearts. Interestingly, we found an asymmetric reduction in SHH signaling in cardiac myocytes, as compared with perivascular cells, resulting in excessive coronary artery formation in the Gpc3-deficient animals. We hypothesize that the excessive development of coronary arteries over veins enables the formation of coronary artery fistulas. This work has broad significance to understanding the genetic basis of coronary development and potentially to molecular mechanisms relevant to revascularization following ischemic injury to the heart.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Coronary Vessel Anomalies/embryology
- Coronary Vessel Anomalies/genetics
- Coronary Vessel Anomalies/pathology
- Coronary Vessels/embryology
- Coronary Vessels/pathology
- Fistula/pathology
- Glypicans/genetics
- Glypicans/metabolism
- Heart/anatomy & histology
- Heart/embryology
- Heart Defects, Congenital/embryology
- Heart Defects, Congenital/pathology
- Hedgehog Proteins/genetics
- Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Patched Receptors
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Ng
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Michelle Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Beth Viviano
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jonathan M. Erlich
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - George Alba
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Camila Pflederer
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Patrick Y. Jay
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Scott Saunders
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Shih PC, Yang MS, Lin SC, Ho Y, Hsiao JC, Wang DR, Yu SSF, Chang W, Tzou DLM. A turn-like structure "KKPE" segment mediates the specific binding of viral protein A27 to heparin and heparan sulfate on cell surfaces. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:36535-36546. [PMID: 19858217 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.037267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia viral envelope protein A27 (110 amino acids) specifically interacts with heparin (HP) or heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans for cell surface attachment. To examine the binding mechanism, a truncated soluble form of A27 (sA27-aa; residues 21-84 of A27) with Cys(71) and Cys(72) mutated to Ala was used as the parent molecule. sA27-aa consists of two structurally distinct domains, a flexible Arg/Lys-rich heparin-binding site (HBS) (residues 21-32; (21)STKAAKKPEAKR(32)) and a rigid coiled-coil domain (residues 43-84), both essential for the specific binding. As shown by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), the binding affinity of sA27-aa for HP (K(A) = 1.25 x 10(8) m(-1)) was approximately 3 orders of magnitude stronger than that for nonspecific binding, such as to chondroitin sulfate (K(A) = 1.65 x 10(5) m(-1)). Using site-directed mutagenesis of HBS and solution NMR, we identified a "KKPE" segment with a turn-like conformation that mediates specific HP binding. In addition, a double mutant T22K/A25K in which the KKPE segment remained intact showed an extremely high affinity for HP (K(A) = 1.9 x 10(11) m(-1)). Importantly, T22K/A25K retained the binding specificity for HP and HS but not chondroitin sulfate, as shown by in vitro SPR and in vivo cell adhesion and competitive binding assays. Molecular modeling of the HBS was performed by dynamics simulations and provides an explanation of the specific binding mechanism in good agreement with the site-directed mutagenesis and SPR results. We conclude that a turn-like structure introduced by the KKPE segment in vaccinia viral envelope protein A27 is responsible for its specific binding to HP and to HS on cell surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chen Shih
- Institutes of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shiang Yang
- Institutes of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ching Lin
- Institutes of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu Ho
- Institutes of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jye-Chian Hsiao
- Institutes of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Da-Rong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei 242, Taiwan
| | - Steve S-F Yu
- Institutes of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wen Chang
- Institutes of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Der-Lii M Tzou
- Institutes of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chia-Yi University, Chia-Yi 60004, Taiwan.
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Tayalia P, Mooney DJ. Controlled growth factor delivery for tissue engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2009; 21:3269-3285. [PMID: 20882497 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200900241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors play a crucial role in information transfer between cells and their microenvironment in tissue engineering and regeneration. They initiate their action by binding to specific receptors on the surface of target cells and the chemical identity, concentration, duration, and context of these growth factors contain information that dictates cell fate. Hence, the importance of exogenous delivery of these molecules in tissue engineering is unsurprising, considering their importance for tissue regeneration. However, the short half-lives of growth factors, their relatively large size, slow tissue penetration, and their potential toxicity at high systemic levels, suggest that conventional routes of administration are unlikely to be effective. In this review, we provide an overview of the design criteria for growth factor delivery vehicles with respect to the growth factor itself and the microenvironment for delivery. We discuss various methodologies that could be adopted to achieve this localized delivery, and strategies using polymers as delivery vehicles in particular.
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Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (Poly P) is a polymer of tens to hundreds of phosphate residues linked by "high-energy" phosphoanhydride bonds as in ATP. Found in abundance in all cells in nature, it is unique in its likely role in the origin and survival of species. Here, we present extensive evidence that the remarkable properties of Poly P as a polyanion have made it suited for a crucial role in the emergence of cells on earth. Beyond that, Poly P has proved in a variety of ways to be essential for growth of cells, their responses to stresses and stringencies, and the virulence of pathogens. In this review, we pay particular attention to the enzyme, polyphosphate kinase 1 (Poly P kinase 1 or PPK1), responsible for Poly P synthesis and highly conserved in many bacterial species, including 20 or more of the major pathogens. Mutants lacking PPK1 are defective in motility, quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and virulence. Structural studies are cited that reveal the conserved ATP-binding site of PPK1 at atomic resolution and reveal that the site can be blocked with minute concentrations of designed inhibitors. Another widely conserved enzyme is PPK2, which has distinctive kinetic properties and is also implicated in the virulence of some pathogens. Thus, these enzymes, absent in yeast and animals, are novel attractive targets for treatment of many microbial diseases. Still another enzyme featured in this review is one discovered in Dictyostelium discoideum that becomes an actin-like fiber concurrent with the synthesis, step by step, of a Poly P chain made from ATP. The Poly P-actin fiber complex, localized in the cell, lengthens and recedes in response to metabolic signals. Homologs of DdPPK2 are found in pathogenic protozoa and in the alga Chlamydomonas. Beyond the immediate relevance of Poly P as a target for anti-infective drugs, a large variety of cellular operations that rely on Poly P will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayana N Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Harada D, Yamanaka Y, Ueda K, Tanaka H, Seino Y. FGFR3-related dwarfism and cell signaling. J Bone Miner Metab 2009; 27:9-15. [PMID: 19066716 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-008-0009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Harada
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduated School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Kiselyov VV. WITHDRAWN: NCAM and the FGF-Receptor. Neurochem Res 2008. [PMID: 18368486 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-008-9666-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the structural biology of interaction between the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor is described and a possible mechanism of the FGF-receptor activation by NCAM is discussed. Most of the FGF-receptor molecules are thought to be constantly involved in a transient interaction with NCAM. However, the FGF-receptor becomes activated only when NCAM is involved the trans-homophilic binding (mediating cell-cell adhesion). The trans-homophilic binding between the NCAM molecules is believed to result in formation of either one- or two-dimensional 'zipper'-like arrays of the NCAM molecules, which leads to NCAM clustering and as a result to clustering of the FGF-receptor, which in turn may lead to its activation through a direct receptor-receptor dimerization (and thus activation) due to an increase in the local concentration of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav V Kiselyov
- Receptor Systems Biology Laboratory, Hagedorn Research Institute, Novo Nordisk A/S, Niels Steensens Vej 6, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark,
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Patel VN, Knox SM, Likar KM, Lathrop CA, Hossain R, Eftekhari S, Whitelock JM, Elkin M, Vlodavsky I, Hoffman MP. Heparanase cleavage of perlecan heparan sulfate modulates FGF10 activity during ex vivo submandibular gland branching morphogenesis. Development 2007; 134:4177-86. [PMID: 17959718 DOI: 10.1242/dev.011171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are essential for biological processes regulated by fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). Heparan sulfate (HS) regulates the activity of FGFs by acting as a coreceptor at the cell surface, enhancing FGF-FGFR affinity, and being a storage reservoir for FGFs in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we demonstrate a critical role for heparanase during mouse submandibular gland (SMG) branching morphogenesis. Heparanase, an endoglycosidase, colocalized with perlecan in the basement membrane and in epithelial clefts of SMGs. Inhibition of heparanase activity in organ culture decreased branching morphogenesis, and this inhibition was rescued specifically by FGF10 and not by other FGFs. By contrast, exogenous heparanase increased SMG branching and MAPK signaling and, surprisingly, when isolated epithelia were cultured in a three-dimensional ECM with FGF10, it increased the number of lateral branches and end buds. In a solid-phase binding assay, an FGF10-FGFR2b complex was released from the ECM by heparanase. In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis showed that FGF10 and the FGF10-FGFR2b complex bound to purified perlecan HS and could be released by heparanase. We used the FGF10-FGFR2b complex as a probe for HS in SMGs, and it colocalized with perlecan in the basement membrane and partly colocalized with syndecan 1 in the epithelium, and binding was reduced by treatment with heparanase. In summary, our results show heparanase releases FGF10 from perlecan HS in the basement membrane, increasing MAPK signaling, epithelial clefting, and lateral branch formation, which results in increased branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali N Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Chen H, Yan X, Lin J, Wang F, Xu W. Depolymerized products of lambda-carrageenan as a potent angiogenesis inhibitor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:6910-7. [PMID: 17661479 DOI: 10.1021/jf070183+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Since angiogenesis is involved in initiating and promoting several diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular events, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-angiogenesis of low-molecular-weight (LMW), highly sulfated lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides (lambda-CO) obtained by carrageenan depolymerization, by CAM (chick chorioallantoic membrane) model and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Significant inhibition of vessel growth was observed at 200 microg/pellet. A histochemistry assay also revealed a decrease of capillary plexus and connective tissue in lambda-CO treated samples. lambda-CO inhibited the viability of cells at the high concentration of 1 mg/mL, whereas it affected the cell survival slightly (>95%) at a low concentration (<250 microg/mL), and HUVEC is the most sensitive to lambda-CO among three kinds of cells. Furthermore, the inhibitory action of lambda-CO was also observed in the endothelial cell invasion and migration at relatively low concentration (150-300 microg/mL), through down-regulation of intracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2) expression on endothelial cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that lambda-CO is a potential angiogenesis inhibitor with combined effects of inhibiting invasion, migration, and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Post Box 71, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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Drummond AE, Tellbach M, Dyson M, Findlay JK. Fibroblast growth factor-9, a local regulator of ovarian function. Endocrinology 2007; 148:3711-21. [PMID: 17494997 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is widely expressed in embryos and fetuses and has been shown to be involved in male sex determination, testicular cord formation, and Sertoli cell differentiation. Given its male gender bias, the ovary has not been reported to express FGF9, nor has a role in ovarian function been explored. We report here that FGF9 mRNA and protein are present in the rat ovary and provide evidence that supports a role for FGF9 in ovarian progesterone production. FGF9 mRNA levels as determined by real-time PCR were high in 4-d-old rat ovaries, thereafter declining and stabilizing at levels approximately 30% of d 4 levels at d 12-25. Levels of FGF9 mRNA in the ovary were significantly higher than that present in adult testis, at all ages studied. The FGF9 receptors FGFR2 and FGFR3 mRNAs were present in postnatal and immature rat ovary and appeared to be constitutively expressed. FGF9 protein was localized to theca, stromal cells, and corpora lutea and FGFR2 and FGFR3 proteins to granulosa cells, theca cells, oocytes, and corpora lutea, by immunohistochemistry. Follicular differentiation induced by gonadotropin treatment reduced the expression of FGF9 mRNA by immature rat ovaries, whereas the estrogen-stimulated development of large preantral follicles had no significant effect. In vitro, FGF9 stimulated progesterone production by granulosa cells beyond that elicited by a maximally stimulating dose of FSH. When the granulosa cells were pretreated with FSH to induce LH receptors, FGF9 was found not to be as potent as LH in stimulating progesterone production, nor did it enhance LH-stimulated production. The combined treatments of FSH/FGF9 and FSH/LH, however, were most effective at stimulating progesterone production by these differentiated granulosa cells. Analyses of steroidogenic regulatory proteins indicate that steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and P450 side chain cleavage mRNA levels were enhanced by FGF9, providing a mechanism of action for the increased progesterone synthesis. In summary, the data are consistent with a paracrine role for FGF9 in the ovary.
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MESH Headings
- 3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases/genetics
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme/genetics
- Diethylstilbestrol/pharmacology
- Estrogens, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 9/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 9/metabolism
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Gene Expression/physiology
- Granulosa Cells/cytology
- Granulosa Cells/physiology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Paracrine Communication/physiology
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Pregnancy
- Progesterone/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/metabolism
- Steroids/biosynthesis
- Testis/cytology
- Testis/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Drummond
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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Roghani M, Moscatelli D. Prostate cells express two isoforms of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 with different affinities for fibroblast growth factor-2. Prostate 2007; 67:115-24. [PMID: 17143873 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) mRNA can be alternatively spliced to generate isoforms containing (FGFR1alpha) or lacking (FGFR1beta) the first immunoglobulin-like domain. We examined which isoforms are expressed by cultured prostate cells, their affinities for FGF-2, and the effect of heparin on FGF-2 binding. METHODS FGFR1 isoform expression was examined by RT-PCR. FGFR1alpha and FGFR1beta were expressed in CHO cells mutant in heparan sulfate synthesis, and their affinities for FGF-2, FGF-1, FGF-4, and FGF-6 were determined in the presence and absence of heparin. RESULTS FGFR1alpha was expressed in luminal epithelial cells, whereas FGFR1beta was expressed in basal epithelial and smooth muscle cells. FGFR1beta bound FGF-2 with three-fourfold higher affinity than FGFR1alpha both in the presence and absence of heparin. Heparin increased affinity of both receptor isoforms for FGF-2 approximately four-fivefold. CONCLUSIONS Prostate smooth muscle and basal epithelial cells are likely to be more sensitive than luminal epithelial cells to the low concentrations of FGFs present in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Roghani
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
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