1
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Yang S, Du S, Zhu J, Ma S. Closed-loop recyclable polymers: from monomer and polymer design to the polymerization-depolymerization cycle. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39177226 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00663a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The extensive utilization of plastic, as a symbol of modern technological society, has consumed enormous amounts of finite and non-renewable fossil resources and produced huge amounts of plastic wastes in the land or ocean, and thus recycling and reuse of the plastic wastes have great ecological and economic benefits. Closed-loop recyclable polymers with inherent recyclability can be readily depolymerized into monomers with high selectivity and purity and repolymerized into polymers with the same performance. They are deemed to be the next generation of recyclable polymers and have captured great and increasing attention from academia and industry. Herein, we provide an overview of readily closed-loop recyclable polymers based on monomer and polymer design and no-other-reactant-involved reversible ring-opening and addition polymerization reactions. The state-of-the-art of circular polymers is separately summarized and discussed based on different monomers, including lactones, thiolactones, cyclic carbonates, hindered olefins, cycloolefins, thermally labile olefin comonomers, cyclic disulfides, cyclic (dithio) acetals, lactams, Diels-Alder addition monomers, Michael addition monomers, anhydride-secondary amide monomers, and cyclic anhydride-aldehyde monomers, and polymers with activatable end groups. The polymerization and depolymerization mechanisms are clearly disclosed, and the evolution of the monomer structure, the polymerization and depolymerization conditions, the corresponding polymerization yield, molecular weight, performance of the polymers, monomer recovery, and depolymerization equipment are also systematically summarized and discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
| | - Shuai Du
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Songqi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
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2
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Rana S, Shaw R, Pratap R. Influence of steric hindrance on the 1,4- versus 1,6-Michael addition: synthesis of furans and pentasubstituted benzenes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5361-5373. [PMID: 38869426 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00686k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
We described the influence of steric hindrance on the 1,4- versus 1,6-Michael addition reaction on 2-(3,3-bis(methylthio)-1-arylallylidene)malononitriles. An efficient and direct synthesis of trisubstituted furans was achieved through the reaction of 2-(3,3-bis(methylthio)-1-arylallylidene)malononitriles and acetone under mild conditions in good to moderate yield by the 1,4-Michael addition. Further exploration of the reaction with a sterically hindered aryl group containing 2-(3,3-bis(methylthio)-1-arylallylidene)malononitriles afforded biaryls by an in situ generated nucleophile through the 1,6-Michael addition. The synthetic utility of furan is further explored. These precursors are easily accessible from aryl methyl ketones. Various functional groups like alkyl, aryl, nitrile, amine, aroyl, and thiomethyl can be directly installed in the benzene and furan rings. A one-pot approach for the construction of a benzene nucleus was also developed. The structure of two compounds was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shally Rana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi-110007, India.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science Indrashil University, Rajpur, Kadi, Ahmedabad-Mehsana Highway, Gujarat, 382740, India
| | - Ranjay Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Ramendra Pratap
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi-110007, India.
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3
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Yi J, Dai Y, Li Y, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Jiang M, Zhou G. -COOH & -OH Condensation Reaction Utilization for Biomass FDCA-based Polyesters. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301681. [PMID: 38339820 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A green and sustainable -COOH & -OH condensation solution polymerization method was hereby reported for FDCA-based polyesters to avoid discoloration and toxic solvents. First, taking poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) as the representative of FDCA-based polyester, enabling good white appearance PEF with Mn=6.51×103 g mol-1 from FDCA and ethylene glycol in green solvent γ-valerolactone (GVL), catalyzed by 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). Additionally, the molecular weight of PEF was rapidly improved (Mn >2.5×104 g mol-1) via remelting polycondensation within minutes, with the dispersity still kept relatively low dispersity (Đ<1.40). Importantly, the -COOH & -OH condensation solution polymerization method was successfully applied for the synthesis of various FDCA-based polyesters, including diols with varying carbon chain lengths (3 to 11 carbons) and cycloalkyl diols, especially the applicability of this method to diols containing C=C double bonds, which was found to exhibit low heat resistance. Lastly, assisting with 13C labeled 1,4-succinic acid and in-situ 13C-NMR, an in-depth study of the possible catalytic mechanism was proposed, by which, EDC activated FDCA, and then DMAP catalyzed it with diol to yield macromolecular chain of polyester. Overall, the results provided a green and sustainable strategy for the synthesis of FDCA-based polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- School of New Energy and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Yuze Dai
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuhao Zhao
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuanpeng Wu
- School of New Energy and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Guangyuan Zhou
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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4
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Silvianti F, Maniar D, Agostinho B, de Leeuw TC, Woortman AJJ, van Dijken J, Thiyagarajan S, Sousa AF, Loos K. Enzymatic Synthesis of Copolyesters with the Heteroaromatic Diol 3,4-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan and Isomeric Dimethyl Furandicarboxylate Substitutions. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2792-2802. [PMID: 38602263 PMCID: PMC11094730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Polyesters from furandicarboxylic acid derivatives, i.e., dimethyl 2,5-furandicarboxylate (2,5-DMFDCA) and 2,4-DMFDCA, show interesting properties among bio-based polymers. Another potential heteroaromatic monomer, 3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (3,4-BHMF), is often overlooked but holds promise for biopolymer synthesis. Cleaning and greening synthetic procedures, i.e., enzymatic polymerization, offer sustainable pathways. This study explores the Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB)-catalyzed copolymerization of 3,4-BHMF with furan dicarboxylate isomers and aliphatic diols. The furanic copolyesters (co-FPEs) with higher polymerization degrees are obtained using 2,4-isomer, indicating CALB's preference. Material analysis revealed semicrystalline properties in all synthesized 2,5-FDCA-based co-FPEs, with multiple melting temperatures (Tm) from 53 to 124 °C and a glass-transition temperature (Tg) of 9-10 °C. 2,4-FDCA-based co-FPEs showed multiple Tm from 43 to 61 °C and Tg of -14 to 12 °C; one of them was amorphous. In addition, all co-FPEs showed a two-step decomposition profile, indicating aliphatic and semiaromatic segments in the polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitrilia Silvianti
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Maniar
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Agostinho
- CICECO—Aveiro
Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | | | - Albert Jan Jacob Woortman
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jur van Dijken
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Shanmugam Thiyagarajan
- Wageningen
Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen
University and Research, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Andreia F. Sousa
- CICECO—Aveiro
Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
- Centre
for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of
Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra
Rua Sílvio Lima—Polo II, Coimbra 3030-790, Portugal
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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5
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Zhou Q, Zhao Y, Shi Y, Zheng R, Guo L. Acidic Metal-Based Functional Ionic Liquids Catalyze the Synthesis of Bio-Based PEF Polyester. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:103. [PMID: 38201768 PMCID: PMC10780836 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Utilizing triethylenediamine (DA), 1,3-propanesultone (PS), whose ring opens during the formation of the dizwiterion-intermediate DA-2PS, and the metal chlorides XCly, where X = Sn(IV), Zn(II),Al(III), Fe(III) and Mn(II), are used for the synthesis of five kinds of acidic metal-based functionalized ionic liquid catalysts ([DA-2PS][XCly]2). Their chemical structures, thermal stability and dual acidic active site were analyzed. We investigated the performance of [DA-2PS][XCly]2 in catalyzing the esterification reaction between 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and ethylene glycol (EG) to synthesize poly (ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)(PEF). Among the catalysts tested, [DA-2PS][SnCl5]2 exhibited the best catalytic performance under identical process parameters, and the optimal catalyst dosage was determined to be 0.05 mol% based on FDCA. The optimal conditions for the reaction were predicted using response surface methodology: a feed ratio of EG:FDCA = 1.96:1, an esterification temperature of 219.86 °C, a polycondensation temperature of 240.04 °C and a polycondensation time of 6.3 h, with a intrinsic viscosity of 0.67 dL·g-1. The resulting PEF was experimentally verified to exhibit an intrinsic viscosity of 0.68 dL·g-1 and a number average molecular weight of 28,820 g·mol-1. Finally, the structure and thermal properties of PEF were characterized. The results confirmed that PEF possessed the correct structure, exhibited high thermal stability and demonstrated excellent thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liying Guo
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (R.Z.)
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6
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Nguyen VP, Nguyen NNH, Lai ND, Mac DH, Retailleau P, Nguyen TB. Sulfur-Promoted Oxidative Cyclization of Pentan-1-ones: Direct Access to Tetrasubstituted Furans from Deoxybenzoins and Chalcones. Org Lett 2023; 25:6419-6423. [PMID: 37606266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Furan is an important heterocyclic scaffold in natural product, bioorganic, and medicinal chemistry as well as in materials science. The system S8/DABCO/DMSO was found to efficiently mediate the oxidative cyclization of 1,2,3,5-tetraarylpentan-1-ones A, which were obtained in situ as the Michael adducts of chalcones 1 and deoxybenzoins 2, to furan 3. The strategy provided convenient and direct access to tetrasubstituted furans 3 from readily available starting materials with high functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Phu Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University in Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nhu Ngan Ha Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University in Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nang Duy Lai
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University in Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Hung Mac
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University in Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Thanh Binh Nguyen
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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7
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Du Z, Yang D, Cao Q, Dai J, Yang R, Gu X, Li F. Recent advances in catalytic synthesis of 2,5-furandimethanol from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and carbohydrates. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:52. [PMID: 38647628 PMCID: PMC10991370 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a versatile platform chemical derived from the dehydration of renewable carbohydrates (typically glucose/fructose-based monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides). Some useful compounds, such as 2,5-furandimethanol (FDM), 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) and 2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran (DMTHF), have been synthesized by reduction of HMF. Among these, FDM is a promising diol and can be further converted towards fine chemicals, liquid fuels and polymer materials. In this review, some typical catalytic systems for the synthesis of FDM from both HMF and carbohydrates were summarized. The discussion focused on controlling the reaction networks for the reduction of HMF. The reaction mechanisms and the stability of the catalysts were introduced briefly. Last but not least, the prospects of effective production of FDM were discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Du
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Delong Yang
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Qingya Cao
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Jinhang Dai
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China.
| | - Ronghe Yang
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Xingxing Gu
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Fukun Li
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment of Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
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8
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Xia J, Jiang S, Liu J, Yang W, Qiu Z, Liu X, He A, Li D, Xu J. Efficient reduction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan by Bacillus subtilis HA70 whole cells. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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9
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Post C, Maniar D, Voet VSD, Folkersma R, Loos K. Biobased 2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan as a Versatile Building Block for Sustainable Polymeric Materials. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:8991-9003. [PMID: 36936293 PMCID: PMC10018510 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Furanic polymers, currently mainly represented by polyethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate (PEF), also known as polyethylene furanoate, have a fantastic potential to replace fossil-based polymers: for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET). While 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a precursor of PEF, and its derived polymers have been studied extensively, 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) has received relatively little attention so far. Similarly to FDCA, BHMF is a biobased platform chemical derived from renewable sources such as sugars. This review highlights different polymerization techniques for BHMF-based polyesters and addresses BHMF's relative instability during the synthesis of BHMF-derived polymers, including polycarbonates and polyurethanes. Furthermore, the degradability of furanic polyesters is discussed and BHMF's toxicity is briefly elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis Post
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Circular
Plastics, NHL Stenden University of Applied
Sciences, Van Schaikweg 94, 7811 KL Emmen, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Maniar
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent S. D. Voet
- Circular
Plastics, NHL Stenden University of Applied
Sciences, Van Schaikweg 94, 7811 KL Emmen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudy Folkersma
- Circular
Plastics, NHL Stenden University of Applied
Sciences, Van Schaikweg 94, 7811 KL Emmen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Catalyst-free synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from fructose by extractive reaction in supercritical CO2 – subcritical H2O two-phase system. J Supercrit Fluids 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2023.105904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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11
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Poulopoulou N, Nikolaidis GN, Efstathiadou VL, Kapnisti M, Papageorgiou GZ. Blending as a process for controlling the properties of poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF): Fully biobased PEF/PBF blends. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Upitak K, Thomas CM. One-Pot Catalysis: A Privileged Approach for Sustainable Polymers? Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2168-2179. [PMID: 35881825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Almost all aspects of daily life involve polymers in some form or the other. However, polymer production is largely based on finite feedstocks. These limitations combined with environmental concerns force us to rethink the strategies for the synthesis of these materials. As an abundant and renewable resource, biomass is composed of a very diverse range of molecules that deserve to be valorized. The development of new methods for transforming biomass into resources suitable for polymer production remains a crucial hurdle on the road to a more sustainable chemical economy. The main challenge is to design efficient and selective transformations of abundant and inexpensive raw materials into innovative polymers. For the chemical industry to meet these challenges, process intensification must play an important role in developing cleaner and more energy-efficient technologies while aiming for safer and more sustainable processes. Catalysis is an important tool to support more sustainable plastics production by being ideally efficient, practical, and versatile. In this regard, the creation of sustainable polymers through one-pot catalysis represents an exciting frontier in materials science.In this Account, we describe some of the published advances for achieving one-pot synthesis of biobased monomers and the resulting (co)polymers. These studies demonstrate that one-pot reactions can produce sustainable materials for a wide range of applications. We show that these new multistep "one-pot" approaches are very promising from an academic and industrial point of view. These synthetic schemes have indeed allowed us to investigate the formation of new polyesters, polypeptides, and poly(meth)acrylates by different polymerization mechanisms. We discuss their efficiency by highlighting their ability to perform multiple (quantitative) synthetic transformations and bond formation steps while bypassing multiple purification procedures at the same time. While enabling the development of novel polymeric structures, we demonstrate that these one-pot procedures can also contribute to reducing the environmental footprint.In light of the growing concerns for sustainable development, these procedures may therefore allow, in the near future, one to prepare sustainable polymeric materials with advanced properties through extremely simplified routes from renewable feedstocks. Among these materials, block and alternating copolymers are unique structures that can exhibit a wide range of properties. While their multistep synthesis remains a demanding process, the one-pot synthesis of these polymers is much more scalable and can create multiblock or alternating copolymers with a wide range of potential sequences. These approaches then give access to materials whose structure and functionality can be designed to suit the need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokon Upitak
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe M Thomas
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
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13
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Li N, Zong MH. (Chemo)biocatalytic Upgrading of Biobased Furanic Platforms to Chemicals, Fuels, and Materials: A Comprehensive Review. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
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14
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Zhong Y, Ren R, Peng Y, Wang J, Ren X, Li Q, Fan Y. In situ construction of hierarchical Ag-decorated Cu nanowire arrays as an efficient and durable electrocatalyst for hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Wang T, Xie W, Pang Y, Qiu W, Feng Y, Li X, Wei J, Tang X, Lin L. Solvent-Free Hydrogenation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and Furfural to Furanyl Alcohols and their Self-Condensation Polymers. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200186. [PMID: 35257487 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) as well as furfuryl alcohol (FFA) are considered as highly valuable biomass-derived alcohols resembling aromatic monomers in polymer synthesis. Herein, a series of cobaltic nitrogen-doped carbon (Co-NC) catalysts calcinated at different temperatures were synthesized and tested for the solvent-free hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to prepare BHMF. It was found that the Co-NC catalyst calcinated at 600 °C (Co-NC-600) exhibited a superior catalytic activity in the hydrogenation reaction mainly due to the doping of graphitic N, which probably facilitated the polarization of H2 to afford H+ and H- . Consequently, Co-NC-600 offered a high BHMF/FFA yield greater than 90 % with a nearly complete conversion of HMF/furfural (FF) at the optimal conditions (80 °C, 4 h, and 5 MPa H2 ). After the hydrogenation reaction, Co-NC catalyst was facilely recycled by magnetic separation, and the obtained BHMF/FFA was then successfully transformed into hypercrosslinked polymers with an excellent CO2 /H2 storage capacity comparable to aromatic hydroxymethyl polymers. Therefore, this is a novel and facile two-step pathway for the conversion of biomass-derived HMF/FF towards functional polymers from both industrial and environmental perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-valued Applications of Biomass, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Weizhen Xie
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-valued Applications of Biomass, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Pang
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Qiu
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, P. R. China
| | - Yunchao Feng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-valued Applications of Biomass, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, P. R. China
| | - Junnan Wei
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, P. R. China
| | - Xing Tang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-valued Applications of Biomass, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Lu Lin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-valued Applications of Biomass, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China
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16
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Marshall A, Jiang B, Gauvin RM, Thomas CM. 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid: An Intriguing Precursor for Monomer and Polymer Synthesis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134071. [PMID: 35807313 PMCID: PMC9268171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The most versatile furanic building block for chemical and polymer applications is 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid. However, the classical 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid production methodology has been found to have significant drawbacks that hinder industrial-scale production. This review highlights new alternative methods to synthesize 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid that are both more advantageous and attractive than conventional oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. This review also focuses on the use of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid as a polymer precursor and the various potential applications that arise from these furan-based materials.
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17
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Recent advances and challenges on enzymatic synthesis of biobased polyesters via polycondensation. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Sokołowska M, Nowak-Grzebyta J, Stachowska E, El Fray M. Enzymatic Catalysis in Favor of Blocky Structure and Higher Crystallinity of Poly(Butylene Succinate)-Co-(Dilinoleic Succinate) (PBS-DLS) Copolymers of Variable Segmental Composition. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031132. [PMID: 35161077 PMCID: PMC8838851 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To systematically investigate the synthesis of poly(butylene succinate)-co-(dilinoleic succinate) (PBS-DLS) copolymers and to enrich the library of polyesters synthesized via a sustainable route, we conducted a two-step polycondensation using fully biobased monomers such as diethyl succinate (DS), 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) and dilinoleic diol (DLD) in diphenyl ether, using Candida Antarctica lipase B (CAL-B) as biocatalyst. A series of PBS-DLS copolyesters with a 90-10, 70-30 and 50-50 wt% of hard (PBS) to soft (DLS) segments ratio were compared to their counterparts, which were synthesized using heterogenous titanium dioxide/silicon dioxide (TiO2/SiO2) catalyst. Chemical structure and molecular characteristics of resulting copolymers were assessed using nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (1H- and 13C-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), whereas thermal and thermomechanical properties as well as crystallization behavior were investigated by differential scanning microscopy (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), digital holographic microscopy (DHM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The obtained results showed that, depending on the type of catalyst, we can control parameters related to blockiness and crystallinity of copolymers. Materials synthesized using CAL-B catalysts possess more blocky segmental distribution and higher crystallinity in contrast to materials synthesized using heterogenous catalysts, as revealed by DSC, XRD and DHM measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Sokołowska
- Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastow 45, 71-311 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Jagoda Nowak-Grzebyta
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
- Division of Metrology and Measurement Systems, Institute of Mechanical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Division of Metrology and Measurement Systems, Institute of Mechanical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Miroslawa El Fray
- Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastow 45, 71-311 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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19
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Baptista M, Cunha JT, Domingues L. Establishment of Kluyveromyces marxianus as a Microbial Cell Factory for Lignocellulosic Processes: Production of High Value Furan Derivatives. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:1047. [PMID: 34947029 PMCID: PMC8708846 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of lignocellulosic biorefineries is dependent on microorganisms being able to cope with the stressful conditions resulting from the release of inhibitory compounds during biomass processing. The yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus has been explored as an alternative microbial factory due to its thermotolerance and ability to natively metabolize xylose. The lignocellulose-derived inhibitors furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are considered promising building-block platforms that can be converted into a wide variety of high-value derivatives. Here, several K. marxianus strains, isolated from cocoa fermentation, were evaluated for xylose consumption and tolerance towards acetic acid, furfural, and HMF. The potential of this yeast to reduce furfural and HMF at high inhibitory loads was disclosed and characterized. Our results associated HMF reduction with NADPH while furfural-reducing activity was higher with NADH. In addition, furans' inhibitory effect was higher when combined with xylose consumption. The furan derivatives produced by K. marxianus in different conditions were identified. Furthermore, one selected isolate was efficiently used as a whole-cell biocatalyst to convert furfural and HMF into their derivatives, furfuryl alcohol and 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF), with high yields and productivities. These results validate K. marxianus as a promising microbial platform in lignocellulosic biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucília Domingues
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.B.); (J.T.C.)
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20
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Maiti D, Halder A, Sasidharan Pillai A, De Sarkar S. Synthesis of Polysubstituted Furans through Electrochemical Selenocyclization of Homopropargylic Alcohols. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16084-16094. [PMID: 34606280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current method represents an electrochemically driven synthetic route to access polysubstituted selenofuran derivatives through the diselenide-promoted cyclization of homopropargyl alcohols. The tandem electro-oxidative transformation operates at ambient temperature and in the absence of an external oxidant. This mild and efficient methodology exhibits good functional group compatibility, providing a broad range of substrate scopes up to 84% isolated yield. Further conversion of the seleno-functionality afforded other valuable furan derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Atreyee Halder
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Aswathy Sasidharan Pillai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian P. Woroch
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 337 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Andrew W. Lankenau
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 337 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Matthew W. Kanan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 337 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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22
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Kim J, Bathula HB, Yun S, Jo Y, Lee S, Baik JH, Suh YW. Hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan over mesoporous Cu–Al2O3 catalyst: From batch to continuous processing. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Enzymatic Synthesis of Muconic Acid-Based Polymers: Trans, Trans-Dimethyl Muconate and Trans, β-Dimethyl Hydromuconate. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152498. [PMID: 34372101 PMCID: PMC8347093 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of commodity polymers are acquired from petrochemical feedstock, and these resources will plausibly be depleted within the next 100 years. Therefore, the utilization of carbon-neutral renewable resources for the production of polymers is crucial in modern green chemistry. Herein, we report an eco-friendly strategy that uses enzyme catalysis to design biobased unsaturated (co)polyesters from muconic acid derivatives. This method is an attractive pathway for the production of well-defined unsaturated polyesters with minimum side reactions. A suite of characterization techniques was performed to probe the reaction mechanism and properties of the obtained polyesters. It is rationalized that the alkene functionality of the muconate monomers plays an important role in the enzyme catalysis mechanism. The rendered polyesters possessed excellent thermal stabilities and unreacted alkene functionality that can consecutively undergo chain extension, copolymerization, or act as an anchor for other functional groups. These properties open new avenues in the fields of unsaturated polyester resins and photosensitive coatings.
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24
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Hevilla V, Sonseca A, Echeverría C, Muñoz-Bonilla A, Fernández-García M. Enzymatic Synthesis of Polyesters and Their Bioapplications: Recent Advances and Perspectives. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100156. [PMID: 34231313 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the most important advances in the enzymatic synthesis of polyesters. In first place, the different processes of polyester enzymatic synthesis, i.e., polycondensation, ring opening, and chemoenzymatic polymerizations, and the key parameters affecting these reactions, such as enzyme, concentration, solvent, or temperature, are analyzed. Then, the latest articles on the preparation of polyesters either by direct synthesis or via modification are commented. Finally, the main bioapplications of enzymatically obtained polyesters, i.e., antimicrobial, drug delivery, or tissue engineering, are described. It is intended to point out the great advantages that enzymatic polymerization present to obtain polymers and the disadvantages found to develop applied materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Hevilla
- MacroEng Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Agueda Sonseca
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Coro Echeverría
- MacroEng Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla
- MacroEng Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- MacroEng Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
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25
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Kashparova VP, Chernysheva DV, Klushin VA, Andreeva VE, Kravchenko OA, Smirnova NV. Furan monomers and polymers from renewable plant biomass. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Wang P, Zhang B. Sustainable aromatic polyesters with 1,5-disubstituted indole units. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16480-16489. [PMID: 35479171 PMCID: PMC9031847 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02197d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to unravel the impact of disubstitution patterns on the physical properties and processing characteristics of indole-based aromatic polyesters. A series of hydroxyl-carboxylate (AB-type) monomers with 1,5-disubstituted indole and 3-6 methylene units was conveniently synthesized and used in bulk polycondensation to yield the corresponding polyesters with decent molecular weight. These new monomers and polyesters showed enhanced thermal stability compared to the previously reported monomers and polyesters with a 1,3-disubstituted indole structure. According to DSC results, these polyesters showed tunable glass transition temperatures (T g ∼57-80 °C), depending on the length of the aliphatic methylene units. DSC and WAXD measurements revealed that these polymers did not crystalize from melt, but the ones with 3 or 5 methylene units per repeating unit crystalized from solution. Finally, we demonstrated that the new polyesters with 1,5-disubstituted indole units could be crosslinked using sustainable aromatic aldehyde, which could further enhance their thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Centre of Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University P.O. Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Baozhong Zhang
- Centre of Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University P.O. Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
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27
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Achievements and Trends in Biocatalytic Synthesis of Specialty Polymers from Biomass-Derived Monomers Using Lipases. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New technologies for the conversion of biomass into high-value chemicals, including polymers and plastics, is a must and a challenge. The development of green processes in the last decade involved a continuous increase of the interest towards the synthesis of polymers using in vitro biocatalysis. Among the remarkable diversity of new bio-based polymeric products meeting the criteria of sustainability, biocompatibility, and eco-friendliness, a wide range of polyesters with shorter chain length were obtained and characterized, targeting biomedical and cosmetic applications. In this review, selected examples of such specialty polymers are presented, highlighting the recent developments concerning the use of lipases, mostly in immobilized form, for the green synthesis of ε-caprolactone co-polymers, polyesters with itaconate or furan units, estolides, and polyesteramides. The significant process parameters influencing the average molecular weights and other characteristics are discussed, revealing the advantages and limitations of biocatalytic processes for the synthesis of these bio-based polymers.
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28
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Lalanne L, Nyanhongo GS, Guebitz GM, Pellis A. Biotechnological production and high potential of furan-based renewable monomers and polymers. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 48:107707. [PMID: 33631186 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Of the 25 million tons of plastic waste produced every year in Europe, 40% of these are not reused or recycled, thus contributing to environmental pollution, one of the major challenges of the 21st century. Most of these plastics are made of petrochemical-derived polymers which are very difficult to degrade and as a result, a lot of research efforts have been made on more environmentally friendly alternatives. Bio-based monomers, derived from renewable raw materials, constitute a possible solution for the replacement of oil-derived monomers, with furan derivatives that emerged as platform molecules having a great potential for the synthesis of biobased polyesters, polyamides and their copolymers. This review article summarizes the latest developments in biotechnological production of furan compounds that can be used in polymer chemistry as well as in their conversion into polymers. Moreover, the biodegradability of the resulting materials is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Lalanne
- Polytech Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Biological Engineering, Cézeaux University Campus, 2 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière cedex, France; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Gibson S Nyanhongo
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Division Enzymes & Polymers, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
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29
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Zhang Y, Xia B, Li Y, Lin X, Wu Q. Substrate Engineering in Lipase-Catalyzed Selective Polymerization of d-/l-Aspartates and Diols to Prepare Helical Chiral Polyester. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:918-926. [PMID: 33427463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of optically pure polymers is one of the most challenging tasks in polymer chemistry. Herein, Novozym 435 (Lipase B from Candida antarctica, immobilized on Lewatit VP OC 1600)-catalyzed polycondensation between d-/l-aspartic acid (Asp) diester and diols for the preparation of helical chiral polyesters was reported. Compared with d-Asp diesters, the fast-reacting l-Asp diesters easily reacted with diols to provide a series of chiral polyesters containing N-substitutional l-Asp repeating units. Besides amino acid configuration, N-substituent side chains and the chain length of diols were also investigated and optimized. It was found that bulky acyl N-substitutional groups like N-Boc and N-Cbz were more favorable for this polymerization than small ones probably due to competitively binding of these small acyl groups into the active site of Novozym 435. The highest molecular weight can reach up to 39.5 × 103 g/mol (Mw, Đ = 1.64). Moreover, the slow-reacting d-Asp diesters were also successfully polymerized by modifying the substrate structure to create a "nonchiral" condensation environment artificially. These enantiocomplementary chiral polyesters are thermally stable and have specific helical structures, which was confirmed by circular dichroism (CD) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and molecular calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xia
- Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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30
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Park HW, Toan M, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Shin S. Renewable epoxy thermosets with extremely high biomass content from furan derivatives and their flame retardancy. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Maniar D, Fodor C, Adi IK, Woortman AJJ, Dijken J, Loos K. Enzymatic synthesis and characterization of muconic acid‐based unsaturated polymer systems. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Maniar
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Csaba Fodor
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Indra Karno Adi
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Analytical Chemistry Research Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia
- Current address: Dexa Development Centre Kawasan Industri Jababeka II Bekasi Indonesia
| | - Albert JJ Woortman
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jur Dijken
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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32
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Fredi G, Dorigato A, Bortolotti M, Pegoretti A, Bikiaris DN. Mechanical and Functional Properties of Novel Biobased Poly(decylene-2,5-furanoate)/Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite Films. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112459. [PMID: 33114218 PMCID: PMC7690911 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work investigates the microstructural, thermo-mechanical, and electrical properties of a promising, but still not thoroughly studied, biobased polymer, i.e., poly(decylene furanoate) (PDeF), and its performance when multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are added. After sample preparation by solution mixing and film casting, the microstructural investigation evidences that the fracture surface becomes smoother and more homogeneous with a small fraction of CNTs, and that the production process is suitable to achieve good disentanglement and dispersion of CNTs within the matrix, although some aggregates are still observable. CNTs act as nucleating agents for PDeF crystals, as evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry, as the crystallinity degree increases from 43.2% of neat PDeF to 55.0% with a CNT content of 2 phr, while the crystallization temperature increases from 68.4 °C of PDeF to 91.7 °C of PDeF-CNT-2. A similar trend in crystallinity is confirmed by X-ray diffraction, after detailed Rietveld analysis with a three-phase model. CNTs also remarkably improve the mechanical performance of the bioderived polymer, as the elastic modulus increases up to 123% and the stress at break up to 131%. The strain at break also increases by +71% when a small amount of 0.25 phr of CNTs are added, which is probably the consequence of a more homogeneous microstructure. The long-term mechanical performance is also improved upon CNT addition, as the creep compliance decreases considerably, which was observed for both the elastic and the viscoelastic component. Finally, the films become electrically dissipative for a CNT content of 1 phr and conductive for a CNT amount of 2 phr. This study contributes to highlight the properties of bioderived furan-based polymer PDeF and evidences the potential of CNTs as a promising nanofiller for this matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fredi
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.D.); (M.B.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0461-283-944
| | - Andrea Dorigato
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.D.); (M.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Mauro Bortolotti
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.D.); (M.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Pegoretti
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.D.); (M.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Chemistry Department, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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33
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Pellis A, Malinconico M, Guarneri A, Gardossi L. Renewable polymers and plastics: Performance beyond the green. N Biotechnol 2020; 60:146-158. [PMID: 33068793 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Renewable bio-based polymers are one of the effective answers that the bioeconomy offers to solve the environmental emergency connected to plastics and more specifically fossil-based plastics. Previous studies have shown that more than 70 % of the natural capital cost associated with plastic derives from the extraction and processing of fossil raw materials and that the price of fossil plastic would be on average 44 % higher if such impact was fully paid by businesses. The disclosure of the hidden costs of plastics will contribute to dispelling the myth of the expensiveness of renewable polymers. Nevertheless, the adoption of bio-based plastics in the market must be motivated by their functional properties and not merely by their green credentials. This article highlights some successful examples of synergies between chemistry and biotechnology in achieving a new generation of bio-based monomers and polymers. Their success is justified by the combination of scientific advances with positive environmental and social fallouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pellis
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Mario Malinconico
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Alice Guarneri
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Gardossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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34
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Liu Y, Song L, Feng N, Jiang W, Jin Y, Li X. Recent advances in the synthesis of biodegradable polyesters by sustainable polymerization: lipase-catalyzed polymerization. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36230-36240. [PMID: 35517080 PMCID: PMC9056969 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07138b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, enzymatic polymerization has dramatically developed and gradually broadened as a creative methodology in the construction of polymeric materials with tailor-made structures and properties. Compared with transition metal catalyst polymerizations, enzymatic polymerization is more attractive in the biomedicine field due to the metal-free residue, good biocompatibility, and few by-products. Meanwhile, enzymatic polymerization has far more activity towards macrolides. In this review, the synthesis of lipase-catalyzed polymer materials is systematically summarized, focusing on the synthesis of the complex and well-defined polymers. The enzymatic polyester synthesis was then discussed concerning the different reaction types, including ring-opening polymerization, polycondensation, a combination of ring-opening polymerization with polycondensation, and chemoenzymatic polymerization. Besides, exploration of novel biocatalysts and reaction media was also described, with particular emphasis on the enzymes obtained via immobilization or protein engineering strategies, green solvents, and reactors. Finally, recent developments in catalytic kinetics and mechanistic studies through the use of spectroscopy, mathematics, and computer techniques have been introduced. Besides, we addressed the remaining central issues in enzymatic polymerization and discussed current studies aimed at providing answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University No. 2699, Qianjin Road Changchun Jilin 130012 PR China
| | - Lijie Song
- First Clinical Hospital, Jilin Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changchun 130021 China
| | - Na Feng
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Application Center for Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical Sciences Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Application Center for Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical Sciences Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Yongri Jin
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University No. 2699, Qianjin Road Changchun Jilin 130012 PR China
| | - Xuwen Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University No. 2699, Qianjin Road Changchun Jilin 130012 PR China
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35
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Sokołowska M, Stachowska E, Czaplicka M, El Fray M. Effect of enzymatic
versus
titanium dioxide/silicon dioxide catalyst on crystal structure of ‘green’ poly[(butylene succinate)‐
co
‐(dilinoleic succinate)] copolymers. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Sokołowska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Poland
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Division of Metrology and Measurement Systems, Institute of Mechanical Technology Poznan University of Technology Poznan Poland
| | - Michalina Czaplicka
- Division of Metrology and Measurement Systems, Institute of Mechanical Technology Poznan University of Technology Poznan Poland
| | - Miroslawa El Fray
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Poland
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36
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Maniar D, Silvianti F, Ospina VM, Woortman AJ, van Dijken J, Loos K. On the way to greener furanic-aliphatic poly(ester amide)s: Enzymatic polymerization in ionic liquid. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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Loos K, Zhang R, Pereira I, Agostinho B, Hu H, Maniar D, Sbirrazzuoli N, Silvestre AJD, Guigo N, Sousa AF. A Perspective on PEF Synthesis, Properties, and End-Life. Front Chem 2020; 8:585. [PMID: 32850625 PMCID: PMC7413100 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This critical review considers the extensive research and development dedicated, in the last years, to a single polymer, the poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate), usually simply referred to as PEF. PEF importance stems from the fact that it is based on renewable resources, typically prepared from C6 sugars present in biomass feedstocks, for its resemblance to the high-performance poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and in terms of barrier properties even outperforming PET. For the first time synthesis, properties, and end-life targeting—a more sustainable PEF—are critically reviewed. The emphasis is placed on how synthetic roots to PEF evolved toward the development of greener processes based on ring open polymerization, enzymatic synthesis, or the use of ionic liquids; together with a broader perspective on PEF end-life, highlighting recycling and (bio)degradation solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Inês Pereira
- Departamento de Química, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Agostinho
- Departamento de Química, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Han Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Dina Maniar
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Armando J D Silvestre
- Departamento de Química, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nathanael Guigo
- Institute of Chemistry UMR 7272, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Andreia F Sousa
- Departamento de Química, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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38
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Novel Routes in Transformation of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Furan Platform Chemicals: From Pretreatment to Enzyme Catalysis. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10070743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The constant depletion of fossil fuels along with the increasing need for novel materials, necessitate the development of alternative routes for polymer synthesis. Lignocellulosic biomass, the most abundant carbon source on the planet, can serve as a renewable starting material for the design of environmentally-friendly processes for the synthesis of polyesters, polyamides and other polymers with significant value. The present review provides an overview of the main processes that have been reported throughout the literature for the production of bio-based monomers from lignocellulose, focusing on physicochemical procedures and biocatalysis. An extensive description of all different stages for the production of furans is presented, starting from physicochemical pretreatment of biomass and biocatalytic decomposition to monomeric sugars, coupled with isomerization by enzymes prior to chemical dehydration by acid Lewis catalysts. A summary of all biotransformations of furans carried out by enzymes is also described, focusing on galactose, glyoxal and aryl-alcohol oxidases, monooxygenases and transaminases for the production of oxidized derivatives and amines. The increased interest in these products in polymer chemistry can lead to a redirection of biomass valorization from second generation biofuels to chemical synthesis, by creating novel pathways to produce bio-based polymers.
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39
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Pellis A, Weinberger S, Gigli M, Guebitz GM, Farmer TJ. Enzymatic synthesis of biobased polyesters utilizing aromatic diols as the rigid component. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Catalytic synthesis of 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan from 5-hydroxymethylfurfual by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 134:109491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Howell BA, Han X. Effective Biobased Phosphorus Flame Retardants from Starch-Derived bis-2,5-(Hydroxymethyl)Furan. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030592. [PMID: 32013211 PMCID: PMC7037623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of biobased phosphorus flame retardants has been prepared by converting starch-derived bis-2,5-(hydroxymethyl)furan to the corresponding diacrylate followed by Michael addition of phosphite to generate derivatives with phosphorus moieties attached via P–C bonds. All compounds behave as effective flame retardants in DGEBA epoxy resin. The most effective is the DOPO derivative, 2,5-di[(3-dopyl-propanoyl)methyl]furan. When incorporated into a DGEBA blend at a level to provide 2% phosphorus, a material displaying a LOI of 30, an UL 94 rating of V0 and a 40% reduction in combustion peak heat release rate compared to that for resin containing no additive is obtained. The analogous compounds generated from bisphenol A and tetrabromobisphenol A exhibit similar flame-retarding properties.
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42
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Skoczinski P, Espinoza Cangahuala MK, Maniar D, Loos K. Lipase-Catalyzed Transamidation of Urethane-Bond-Containing Ester. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1488-1495. [PMID: 32010822 PMCID: PMC6990427 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Significant improvement in mechanical properties and shape recovery in polyurethanes can be obtained by cross-linking, usually performed in a traditional chemical fashion. Here, we report model studies of enzymatic transamidations of urethane-bond-containing esters to study the principles of an enzymatic build-up of covalent cross-linked polyurethane networks via amide bond formation. The Lipase-catalyzed transamidation reaction of a urethane-bond-containing model ester ethyl 2-(hexylcarbamoyloxy)propanoate with various amines is discussed. A side product was formed, that could be successfully identified, and its synthesis reduced to a minimum (<1%). Furthermore, a noncatalyzed transamidation that is performed without CalB as the catalyst could be observed. Both observations are due to the known high reactivity of amines with urethane bonds.
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43
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Martínez de Ilarduya A, Muñoz Guerra S. Ring opening polymerization of macrocyclic oligoesters derived from renewable sources. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00258e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A review about the synthesis of renewable alkylene furanoate and dicarboxylate MCOs, their ROP to polyesters and their recycling by cyclodepolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastián Muñoz Guerra
- Department d'Enginyeria Química
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- ETSEIB
- 8028 Barcelona
- Spain
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44
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Brzezińska M, Keller N, Ruppert AM. Self-tuned properties of CuZnO catalysts for hydroxymethylfurfural hydrodeoxygenation towards dimethylfuran production. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01917k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CuZnO is used as robust, efficient and self-tuned catalyst for the conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) into 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) or 2,5-bishydroxymethylfuran (BHMF) depending on the preparation method and the reaction environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Brzezińska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Łódź University of Technology
- 90-924 Łódź
- Poland
| | - Nicolas Keller
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, ICPEES
- CNRS
- University of Strasbourg
- 67087 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Agnieszka M. Ruppert
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Łódź University of Technology
- 90-924 Łódź
- Poland
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45
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Ragno D, Di Carmine G, Brandolese A, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Fantin G, Bertoldo M, Massi A. Oxidative NHC-Catalysis as Organocatalytic Platform for the Synthesis of Polyester Oligomers by Step-Growth Polymerization. Chemistry 2019; 25:14701-14710. [PMID: 31486558 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The application of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis to the polycondensation of diols and dialdehydes under oxidative conditions is herein presented for the synthesis of polyesters using fossil-based (ethylene glycol, phthalaldehydes) and bio-based (furan derivatives, glycerol, isosorbide) monomers. The catalytic dimethyl triazolium/1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene couple and stoichiometric quinone oxidant afforded polyester oligomers with a number-average molecular weight (Mn ) in the range of 1.5-7.8 kg mol-1 as determined by NMR analysis. The synthesis of a higher molecular weight polyester (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) by an NHC-promoted two-step procedure via oligoester intermediates is also illustrated together with the catalyst-controlled preparation of cross-linked or linear polyesters derived from the trifunctional glycerol. The thermal properties (TGA and DSC analyses) of the synthesized oligoesters are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fantin
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti, 101-40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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46
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Yuan B, Jiang Y, Qi Z, Guan X, Wang T, Yan R. External Oxidant‐Free Oxidative Tandem Cyclization: NaI‐Catalyzed Thiolation for the Synthesis of 3‐Thiosubstituted Pyrroles. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingxiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYangtze Normal University Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjie Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Rulong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
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47
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Todea A, Bîtcan I, Aparaschivei D, Păușescu I, Badea V, Péter F, Gherman VD, Rusu G, Nagy L, Kéki S. Biodegradable Oligoesters of ε-Caprolactone and 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-Furancarboxylic Acid Synthesized by Immobilized Lipases. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1402. [PMID: 31455024 PMCID: PMC6780942 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the latest developments, bio-based polyesters, obtained from renewable raw materials, mainly carbohydrates, can be competitive for the fossil-based equivalents in various industries. In particular, the furan containing monomers are valuable alternatives for the synthesis of various new biomaterials, applicable in food additive, pharmaceutical and medical field. The utilization of lipases as biocatalysts for the synthesis of such polymeric compounds can overcome the disadvantages of high temperatures and metal catalysts, used by the chemical route. In this work, the enzymatic synthesis of new copolymers of ε-caprolactone and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid has been investigated, using commercially available immobilized lipases from Candida antarctica B. The reactions were carried out in solvent-less systems, at temperatures up to 80 °C. The structural analysis by MALDI TOF-MS, NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of cyclic and linear oligoesters, with maximal polymerization degree of 24 and narrow molecular weight distribution (dispersity about 1.1). The operational stability of the biocatalyst was explored during several reuses, while thermal analysis (TG and DSC) indicated a lower thermal stability and higher melting point of the new products, compared to the poly(ε-caprolactone) homopolymer. The presence of the heterocyclic structure in the polymeric chain has promoted both the lipase-catalyzed degradation and the microbial degradation. Although, poly(ε-caprolactone) is a valuable biocompatible polymer with important therapeutic applications, some drawbacks such as low hydrophilicity, low melting point, and relatively slow biodegradability impeded its extensive utilization. In this regard the newly synthesized furan-based oligoesters could represent a "green" improvement route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Todea
- University Politehnica Timisoara, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Biocatalysis Group, C. Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Bîtcan
- University Politehnica Timisoara, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Biocatalysis Group, C. Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Diana Aparaschivei
- University Politehnica Timisoara, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Biocatalysis Group, C. Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iulia Păușescu
- University Politehnica Timisoara, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Biocatalysis Group, C. Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Valentin Badea
- University Politehnica Timisoara, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Biocatalysis Group, C. Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Francisc Péter
- University Politehnica Timisoara, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Biocatalysis Group, C. Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Vasile Daniel Gherman
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Hydrotechnical Department, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Victoriei Sq. 2, 30006 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gerlinde Rusu
- University Politehnica Timisoara, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Biocatalysis Group, C. Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lajos Nagy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Kéki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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48
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Abstract
The research on biocatalyzed polycondensation has delivered an array of polyesters having molecular weights below 20,000gmol-1 but characterized by controlled structures and desired functionalities. Their unique catalytic efficiency under mild conditions enables enzymes to catalyze the polycondensation of monomers bearing labile lateral moieties that can be easily accessed via post-polymerization modifications. Despite this great potential, nowadays biocatalysts are not employed for polycondensation on industrial scale due to some bottlenecks related to the formulation of biocatalysts and the process configuration, which make the enzymatic technology non-economic. Recycling the enzymatic catalysts is not only a matter of producing an active and robust formulation, but it also requires the optimal integration of such biocatalyst within a specific reactor and process configuration that must enable efficient mass-transfer while preserving the integrity of the enzymatic preparation. In this chapter, we describe examples of integrated experimental-computational approaches for the rational planning and implementation of enzymatic polycondensation using lipase B from Candida antarctica and cutinase 1 from Thermobifida cellulosilytica. They rely on molecular visualization, molecular modeling and chemometrics, which are methods requiring very modest computational power and approachable by operators who do not have specific computational background. The examples also address the sustainability issue, by describing solvent-free processes involving bio-based monomers and biocatalysts immobilized on renewable carriers.
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49
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Xia B, Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Lin X, Wu Q. Enzymatic Synthesis and Stereocomplex Formation of Chiral Polyester Containing Long-Chain Aliphatic Alcohol Backbone. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3584-3591. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xia
- Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianfu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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50
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Li C, Wang L, Wang M, Liu B, Liu X, Cui D. Step‐Growth Coordination Polymerization of 5‐Hydroxymethyl Furfural with Dihydrosilanes: Synergistic Catalysis Using Heteroscopionate Zinc Hydride and B(C
6
F
5
)
3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11434-11438. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun Branch Changchun 130022 China
| | - Lingfang Wang
- School of Materials EngineeringYancheng Institute of Technology Yancheng 224051 China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Institute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130022 China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xinli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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