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Jin Y, Guo Z, Zhu H, Zhang Z, Jiang X, Yang Y, Liu P, Yang Y, Wang M, Gao H. Discovery of potential components characteristic by conjugated enone from the branches and leaves of Croton lauioides with anti-neuroinflammatory activity via regulating the NF-κB pathway. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107301. [PMID: 38522392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of Croton lauioides were investigated for the first time. The bioactive and HPLC-UV guided isolation led to the discovery of twenty-three conjugated enone-type components (1-23), including nine previously unknown sesquiterpenoid derivatives (1-4, 9-10, 12-14). Notably, compounds 1 and 12 are epoxides containing an endoperoxide bridge (1) or a unique dioxaspiro core (12), respectively. Compounds 2-7 are non-benzenoid aromatics featuring a tropone function, while 9-11 possess a rare rearranged scaffold with tropone shift into benzene. Extensive characterization was performed using NMR spectra, HRESIMS data, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Furthermore, we evaluated the bioactivities of all isolated compounds against neuroinflammation in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. Remarkably, most sesquiterpenoid derivatives exhibited significant NO inhibit activities, and compound 5 showed the most potent effect with an IC50 value of 0.14 ± 0.04 μM. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis revealed that sesquiterpenoids modified with endocyclic enone conjugation may serve as a key pharmacophore for NO inhibition, particularly involving aromatic tropone moiety. The qPCR and Western blot results demonstrated that 5 exerted an inhibitory effect on the mRNA levels of iNOS, TNF-α and COX-2 in a time-dependent manner, as well as suppressed the protein expression of iNOS, TNF-α, COX-2. In mechanism, 5 could prevented activation of NF-κB pathway by suppressing phosphorylation of p65 and IκB-α. These findings revealed C. lauioides might be a promising resource for drug candidate development targeting neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongxin Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiren Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Mebratu YA, Jones JT, Liu C, Negasi ZH, Rahman M, Rojas-Quintero J, O’Connor GT, Gao W, Dupuis J, Cho MH, Litonjua AA, Randell S, Tesfaigzi Y. Bik promotes proteasomal degradation to control low-grade inflammation. J Clin Invest 2023; 134:e170594. [PMID: 38113109 PMCID: PMC10866658 DOI: 10.1172/jci170594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although chronic low-grade inflammation does not cause immediate clinical symptoms, over the longer term, it can enhance other insults or age-dependent damage to organ systems and thereby contribute to age-related disorders, such as respiratory disorders, heart disease, metabolic disorders, autoimmunity, and cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms governing low-level inflammation are largely unknown. We discovered that Bcl-2-interacting killer (Bik) deficiency causes low-level inflammation even at baseline and the development of spontaneous emphysema in female but not male mice. Similarly, a single nucleotide polymorphism that reduced Bik levels was associated with increased inflammation and enhanced decline in lung function in humans. Transgenic expression of Bik in the airways of Bik-deficient mice inhibited allergen- or LPS-induced lung inflammation and reversed emphysema in female mice. Bik deficiency increased nuclear but not cytosolic p65 levels because Bik, by modifying the BH4 domain of Bcl-2, interacted with regulatory particle non-ATPase 1 (RPN1) and RPN2 and enhanced proteasomal degradation of nuclear proteins. Bik deficiency increased inflammation primarily in females because Bcl-2 and Bik levels were reduced in lung tissues and airway cells of female compared with male mice. Therefore, controlling low-grade inflammation by modifying the unappreciated role of Bik and Bcl-2 in facilitating proteasomal degradation of nuclear proteins may be crucial in treating chronic age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes A. Mebratu
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jane T. Jones
- University Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Congjian Liu
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zerihun H. Negasi
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George T. O’Connor
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s (NHLBI’s) Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael H. Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Augusto A. Litonjua
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Scott Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Hasegawa Y, Asada S. DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit binds to the transactivation domain 1 of NF-κB p65. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 35:101538. [PMID: 37674974 PMCID: PMC10477060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcriptional factor that binds to the ∼10-base-pair κB motif on target genes and acts as an inflammatory regulator. Since dysregulation of NF-κB is thought to be related to various diseases, it would be very important to elucidate its post-translational modifications and binding partners in detail and to deeply understand mechanisms of the NF-κB dysregulation. NF-κB p65 is known to interact with the basic transcription factor TFIID subunit hTAFII31/TAF9 through the ФXXФФ (Ф, hydrophobic amino acid; X, any amino acid) motif in a similar fashion to p53. MDM2 is known to inhibit p53 from binding to hTAFII31/TAF9 by masking p53's ФXXФФ motif. Here, as can be rationalized from this observation, we searched for novel nuclear proteins that interact with the transactivation domain 1 (TA1) of NF-κB p65 containing a ФXXФФ motif. We prepared a GST-tagged polypeptide, GST-p65532-550, from Phe532-Ser550 of the TA1 domain and found various U937 cell nuclear proteins that bound to GST-p65532-550. The largest bound protein the size of ∼400 kDa was subjected to mass spectrometric analysis and found to be DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). An immunoprecipitation experiment with an antibody against p65 and nuclear extracts from TNF-α-treated A549 cells suggested that NF-κB p65 indeed binds to DNA-PKcs in human cells. Furthermore, binding assays with a series of His-tagged DNA-PKcs fragments suggested that DNA-PKcs can bind to NF-κB p65 through the interaction of the TA1 domain with the region 541-750 in the N-HEAT domain or the region 2485-2576 in the M-HEAT domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hasegawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Higashijima 265-1, Akiha-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 956-8603, Japan
| | - Shinichi Asada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Higashijima 265-1, Akiha-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 956-8603, Japan
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Veerapandian R, Ramos EI, Vijayaraghavan M, Sedano MJ, Carmona A, Chacon JA, Gadad SS, Dhandayuthapani S. Mycobacterium smegmatis secreting methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) modulates cellular processes in mouse macrophages. Biochimie 2023; 211:1-15. [PMID: 36809827 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) is an antioxidant repair enzyme that reduces the oxidized methionine (Met-O) in proteins to methionine (Met). Its pivotal role in the cellular processes has been well established by overexpressing, silencing, and knocking down MsrA or deleting the gene encoding MsrA in several species. We are specifically interested in understanding the role of secreted MsrA in bacterial pathogens. To elucidate this, we infected mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis strain (MSM), secreting a bacterial MsrA or M. smegmatis strain (MSC) carrying only the control vector. BMDMs infected with MSM induced higher levels of ROS and TNF-α than BMDMs infected with MSC. The increased ROS and TNF-α levels in MSM-infected BMDMs correlated with elevated necrotic cell death in this group. Further, RNA-seq transcriptome analysis of BMDMs infected with MSC and MSM revealed differential expression of protein and RNA coding genes, suggesting that bacterial-delivered MsrA could modulate the host cellular processes. Finally, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified the down-regulation of cancer-related signaling genes in MSM-infected cells, indicating that MsrA can potentially regulate the development and progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Veerapandian
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Enrique I Ramos
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Mahalakshmi Vijayaraghavan
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Melina J Sedano
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Areanna Carmona
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Jessica A Chacon
- Department of Medical Education, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Shrikanth S Gadad
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, TX, 79905, USA; Frederick L. Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Texas, 79905, USA; Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, TX, 79905, USA; Frederick L. Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Texas, 79905, USA.
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González‐López P, Álvarez‐Villarreal M, Ruiz‐Simón R, López‐Pastor AR, de Ceniga MV, Esparza L, Martín‐Ventura JL, Escribano Ó, Gómez‐Hernández A. Role of miR-15a-5p and miR-199a-3p in the inflammatory pathway regulated by NF-κB in experimental and human atherosclerosis. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1363. [PMID: 37605307 PMCID: PMC10442475 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) prevalence has significantly increased in the last decade and atherosclerosis development is the main trigger. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression of their target and their levels are frequently altered in CVDs. METHODS By RT-qPCR, we analysed miR-9-5p, miR-15a-5p, miR-16-5p and miR-199a-3p levels in aorta from apolipoprotein knockout (ApoE-/- ) mice, an experimental model of hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis, and in human aortic and carotid atherosclerotic samples. By in silico studies, Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence studies, we detected the targets of the altered miRNAs. RESULTS Our results show that miR-15a-5p and miR-199a-3p are significantly decreased in carotid and aortic samples from patients and mice with atherosclerosis. In addition, we found an increased expression in targets of both miRNAs that participate in the inflammatory pathway of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), such as IKKα, IKKβ and p65. In human vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the overexpression of miR-15a-5p or miR-199a-3p decreased IKKα, IKKβ and p65 protein levels as well as NF-κB activation. On the other hand, miR-15a-5p and miR-199a-3p overexpression reduced ox-LDL uptake and the inflammation regulated by NF-κB in VSMCs. Moreover, although miR-15a-5p and miR-199a-3p were significantly increased in exosomes from patients with advanced carotid atherosclerosis, only in the ROC analyses for miR-15a-5p, the area under the curve was 0.8951 with a p value of .0028. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the decrease of miR-199a-3p and miR-15a-5p in vascular samples from human and experimental atherosclerosis could be involved in the NF-κB activation pathway, as well as in ox-LDL uptake by VSMCs, contributing to inflammation and progression atherosclerosis. Finally, miR-15a-5p could be used as a novel diagnostic biomarker for advanced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula González‐López
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of PharmacyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Marta Álvarez‐Villarreal
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of PharmacyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Rubén Ruiz‐Simón
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of PharmacyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Andrea R. López‐Pastor
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of PharmacyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Melina Vega de Ceniga
- Department of Angiology and Vascular SurgeryHospital of Galdakao‐UsansoloGaldakaoBizkaiaSpain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldoBizkaiaSpain
| | - Leticia Esparza
- Department of Angiology and Vascular SurgeryHospital of Galdakao‐UsansoloGaldakaoBizkaiaSpain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldoBizkaiaSpain
| | | | - Óscar Escribano
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of PharmacyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Almudena Gómez‐Hernández
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of PharmacyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
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Kang X, Jadhav S, Annaji M, Huang CH, Amin R, Shen J, Ashby CR, Tiwari AK, Babu RJ, Chen P. Advancing Cancer Therapy with Copper/Disulfiram Nanomedicines and Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1567. [PMID: 37376016 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Disulfiram (DSF) is a thiocarbamate based drug that has been approved for treating alcoholism for over 60 years. Preclinical studies have shown that DSF has anticancer efficacy, and its supplementation with copper (CuII) significantly potentiates the efficacy of DSF. However, the results of clinical trials have not yielded promising results. The elucidation of the anticancer mechanisms of DSF/Cu (II) will be beneficial in repurposing DSF as a new treatment for certain types of cancer. DSF's anticancer mechanism is primarily due to its generating reactive oxygen species, inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity inhibition, and decreasing the levels of transcriptional proteins. DSF also shows inhibitory effects in cancer cell proliferation, the self-renewal of cancer stem cells (CSCs), angiogenesis, drug resistance, and suppresses cancer cell metastasis. This review also discusses current drug delivery strategies for DSF alone diethyldithocarbamate (DDC), Cu (II) and DSF/Cu (II), and the efficacious component Diethyldithiocarbamate-copper complex (CuET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejia Kang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sanika Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Manjusha Annaji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chung-Hui Huang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rajesh Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11431, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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7
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Chen G, Jiang N, Zheng J, Hu H, Yang H, Lin A, Hu B, Liu H. Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124386. [PMID: 37054858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS-A1 and APS-B1) were isolated from Astragalus membranaceus by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. Their chemical structures were characterized by molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide composition, infrared spectrum, methylation analysis, and NMR. The results revealed that APS-A1 (2.62 × 106 Da) was a 1,4-α-D-Glcp backbone with a 1,4,6-α-D-Glcp branch every ten residues. APS-B1 (4.95 × 106 Da) was a heteropolysaccharide composed of glucose, galactose, and arabinose (75.24:17.27:19.35). Its backbone consisted of 1,4-α-D-Glcp, 1,4,6-α-D-Glcp, 1,5-α-L-Araf and the sidechains composed of 1,6-α-D-Galp and T-α/β-Glcp. Bioactivity assays showed that APS-A1 and APS-B1 had potential anti-inflammatory activity. They could inhibit the production of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages via NF-κB and MAPK (ERK, JNK) pathways. These results suggested that the two polysaccharides could be potential anti-inflammatory supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Chen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, PR China; Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Junping Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Haiming Hu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Huabing Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Aizhen Lin
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, PR China; Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Baifei Hu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
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8
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Li Y, Hu Y, Wang Z, Lu T, Yang Y, Diao H, Zheng X, Xie C, Zhang P, Zhang X, Zhou Y. IKBA phosphorylation governs human sperm motility through ACC-mediated fatty acid beta-oxidation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:323. [PMID: 36966253 PMCID: PMC10039860 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway regulates specific immunological responses and controls a wide range of physiological processes. NF-κB inhibitor alpha (IKBA) is an NF-κB inhibitory mediator in the cytoplasm that modulates the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activities of NF-κB proteins. However, whether the upstream cascade of the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway has physiological roles independent of IKBA-mediated transcriptional activation remains unclear. Herein we investigated the function of IKBA in mature sperm in which transcriptional and translational events do not occur. IKBA was highly expressed in human sperm. The repression of IKBA phosphorylation by its inhibitor Bay117082 markedly enhanced sperm motility. On the contrary, lipopolysaccharide-stimulated IKBA phosphorylation significantly decreased sperm motility. Nevertheless, Bay117082 treatment did not affect the motility of IKBA-knockout sperm. Further, untargeted metabolomic analysis and pharmacological blocking assays revealed that the Bay117082-induced increase in sperm motility was attributable to fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) enhancement. In addition, we found that IKBA phosphorylation inhibition resulted in a significant reduction of acetyl-CoA carboxylase levels in the FAO metabolic pathway. Our findings indicate that IKBA-mediated signaling orchestrates sperm motility program and improves our understanding of transcription-independent NF-κB signaling pathway in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanquan Li
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Youwei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengquan Wang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Yang
- NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptives and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Diao
- NPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptives and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zheng
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Xie
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuchuan Zhou
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Ren J, Hu Z, Li Q, Gu S, Lan F, Wang X, Li J, Li J, Shao L, Yang N, Sun C. Temperature-induced embryonic diapause in chickens is mediated by PKC-NF-κB-IRF1 signaling. BMC Biol 2023; 21:52. [PMID: 36882743 PMCID: PMC9993608 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryonic diapause (dormancy) is a state of temporary arrest of embryonic development that is triggered by unfavorable conditions and serves as an evolutionary strategy to ensure reproductive survival. Unlike maternally-controlled embryonic diapause in mammals, chicken embryonic diapause is critically dependent on the environmental temperature. However, the molecular control of diapause in avian species remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, we evaluated the dynamic transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic profiles of chicken embryos in pre-diapause, diapause, and reactivated states. RESULTS Our data demonstrated a characteristic gene expression pattern in effects on cell survival-associated and stress response signaling pathways. Unlike mammalian diapause, mTOR signaling is not responsible for chicken diapause. However, cold stress responsive genes, such as IRF1, were identified as key regulators of diapause. Further in vitro investigation showed that cold stress-induced transcription of IRF1 was dependent on the PKC-NF-κB signaling pathway, providing a mechanism for proliferation arrest during diapause. Consistently, in vivo overexpression of IRF1 in diapause embryos blocked reactivation after restoration of developmental temperatures. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that embryonic diapause in chicken is characterized by proliferation arrest, which is the same with other spices. However, chicken embryonic diapause is strictly correlated with the cold stress signal and mediated by PKC-NF-κB-IRF1 signaling, which distinguish chicken diapause from the mTOR based diapause in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiao Ren
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhengzheng Hu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Quanlin Li
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuang Gu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fangren Lan
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiqiong Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junying Li
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liwa Shao
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Congjiao Sun
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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10
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Quan J, Zhao X, Xiao Y, Wu H, Di Q, Wu Z, Chen X, Tang H, Zhao J, Guan Y, Xu Y, Chen W. USP39 Regulates NF-κB-Mediated Inflammatory Responses through Deubiquitinating K48-Linked IκBα. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:640-652. [PMID: 36651806 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
IκBα is a critical protein that inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation and impairs NF-κB-mediated signaling. The abundance of IκBα determines the activation and restoration of the inflammatory response. However, posttranslational regulation of IκBα remains to be fully understood. In this study, we identified ubiquitin-specific protease 39 (USP39) as a negative regulator in the NF-κB inflammatory response by stabilizing basal IκBα. The expression of USP39 in macrophages was reduced under LPS-induced inflammation. Knockdown or knockout of USP39 in macrophages significantly increased the expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines upon exposure to LPS or Escherichia coli, whereas reexpression of exogenous USP39 in USP39-deficient macrophages rescued the effect. Moreover, USP39-defective mice were more sensitive to LPS or E. coli-induced systemic sepsis. Mechanistically, USP39 interacted with and stabilized IκBα by reducing K48-linked polyubiquination of IκBα. Taken together, to our knowledge, our study for the first time revealed the inhibitory function of USP39 in the NF-κB inflammatory response, providing a previously unknown mechanism for control of inflammatory cytokine induction in the cellular anti-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazheng Quan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Institute of Biological Therapy, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xibao Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Institute of Biological Therapy, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Institute of Biological Therapy, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Institute of Biological Therapy, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qianqian Di
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Institute of Biological Therapy, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zherui Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Institute of Biological Therapy, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Institute of Biological Therapy, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haimei Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Institute of Biological Therapy, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiajing Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Institute of Biological Therapy, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yonghong Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Institute of Biological Therapy, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongxian Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Institute of Biological Therapy, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Institute of Biological Therapy, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Protein Myristoylation Plays a Role in the Nuclear Entry of the Parvovirus Minute Virus of Mice. J Virol 2022; 96:e0111822. [PMID: 35950857 PMCID: PMC9472656 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01118-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Being nonpathogenic to humans, rodent parvoviruses (PVs) are naturally oncolytic viruses with great potential as anti-cancer agents. As these viruses replicate in the host cell nucleus, they must gain access to the nucleus during infection. The PV minute virus of mice (MVM) and several other PVs transiently disrupt the nuclear envelope (NE) and enter the nucleus through the resulting breaks. However, the molecular basis of this unique nuclear entry pathway remains uncharacterized. In this study, we used MVM as a model to investigate the molecular mechanism by which PVs induce NE disruption during viral nuclear entry. By combining bioinformatics analyses, metabolic labeling assays, mutagenesis, and pharmacological inhibition, we identified a functional myristoylation site at the sequence 78GGKVGH83 of the unique portion of the capsid protein VP1 (VP1u) of MVM. Performing proteolytic cleavage studies with a peptide containing this myristoylation site or with purified virions, we found tryptophan at position 77 of MVM VP1u is susceptible to chymotrypsin cleavage, implying this cleavage exposes G (glycine) 78 at the N-terminus of VP1u for myristoylation. Subsequent experiments using inhibitors of myristoylation and cellular proteases with MVM-infected cells, or an imaging-based quantitative NE permeabilization assay, further indicate protein myristoylation and a chymotrypsin-like activity are essential for MVM to locally disrupt the NE during viral nuclear entry. We thus propose a model for the nuclear entry of MVM in which NE disruption is mediated by VP1u myristoylation after the intact capsid undergoes proteolytic processing to expose the required N-terminal G for myristoylation. IMPORTANCE Rodent parvoviruses (PVs), including minute virus of mice (MVM), have the ability to infect and kill cancer cells and thereby possess great potential in anti-cancer therapy. In fact, some of these viruses are currently being investigated in both preclinical studies and clinical trials to treat a wide variety of cancers. However, the detailed mechanism of how PVs enter the cell nucleus remains unknown. In this study, we for the first time demonstrated a chemical modification called "myristoylation" of a MVM protein plays an essential role in the nuclear entry of the virus. We also showed, in addition to protein myristoylation, a chymotrypsin-like activity, which may come from cellular proteasomes, is required for MVM to get myristoylated and enter the nucleus. These findings deepen our understanding on how MVM and other related PVs infect host cells and provide new insights for the development of PV-based anti-cancer therapies.
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12
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Itch and autophagy-mediated NF-κB activation contributes to inhibition of cathepsin D-induced sensitizing effect on anticancer drugs. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:552. [PMID: 35715412 PMCID: PMC9205942 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of cathepsin D (Cat D) sensitizes cancer cells to anticancer drugs via RNF183-mediated downregulation of Bcl-xL expression. Although NF-κB activation is involved in the upregulation of RNF183 expression, the molecular mechanism of NF-κB activation by Cat D inhibition is unknown. We conducted this study to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying Cat D-mediated NF-κB activation. Interestingly, Cat D inhibition-induced IκB degradation in an autophagy-dependent manner. Knockdown of autophagy-related genes (ATG7 and Beclin1) and lysosome inhibitors (chloroquine and bafilomycin A1) blocked IκB degradation via Cat D inhibition. Itch induced K63-linked ubiquitination of IκB and then modulated the protein stability of IκB by Cat D inhibition. Inhibition of Cat D-mediated Itch activation was modulated by the JNK signaling pathway, and phosphorylated Itch could bind to IκB, resulting in polyubiquitination of IκB. Additionally, inhibition of Cat D increased autophagy flux via activation of the LKB1-AMPK-ULK1 pathway. Therefore, our results suggested that Cat D inhibition activated NF-κB signaling via degradation of autophagy-dependent IκB, which is associated with the upregulation of RNF183, an E3 ligase of Bcl-xL. Cat D inhibition enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis through Bcl-xL degradation via upregulation of RNF183.
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13
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Seong Choi K, Shin TS, Chun J, Ahn G, Jeong Han E, Kim MJ, Kim JB, Kim SH, Kho KH, Heon Kim D, Shim SY. Sargahydroquinoic acid isolated from Sargassum serratifolium as inhibitor of cellular basophils activation and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 105:108567. [PMID: 35114442 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Basophils and mast cells are characteristic effector cells in allergic reactions. Sargahydorquinoic acid (SHQA), a compound isolated from Sargassum serratifolium (marine alga), possesses various biochemical properties, including potent antioxidant activities. The objective of the present study was to investigate inhibitory effects of SHQA on the activation of human basophilic KU812F cells induced by phorbol myristate acetate and A23187 (PMACI), a calcium ionophore. Furthermore, we confirmed the inhibitory effects of SHQA on the activation of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 cells induced by compound 48/80 (com 48/80), bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMCMCs) induced by anti-dinitrophenyl(DNP)-immunoglobulin E (IgE)/DNP-bovine serum albumin (BSA), DNP/IgE and on the reaction of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) mediated by IgE. SHQA reduced PMACI-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium levels. Western blot analysis revealed that SHQA downregulated the activation of ERK, p38, and NF-κB in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, SHQA suppressed the production and gene expression of various cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1 β, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-8 in PMACI-induced KU812F cells and IL-4 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α in com 48/80-induced RBL-2H3 cells. It also determined the inhibition of PMACI, com 48/80- and IgE/DNP-induced degranulation by reducing the release of β -hexosaminidase. Furthermore, it attenuated the IgE/DNP-induced PCA reaction in the ears of BALB/c mice. These results suggest that SHQA isolated from S. serratifolium is a potential therapeutic functional food material for inhibiting effector cell activation in allergic reactions and anaphylaxis in animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kap Seong Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Sun Shin
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Chun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Jeong Han
- Research Center for Healthcare and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jong Kim
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Beom Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hee Kho
- Department of Fisheries Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Heon Kim
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Yup Shim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Florio TJ, Lokareddy RK, Yeggoni DP, Sankhala RS, Ott CA, Gillilan RE, Cingolani G. Differential recognition of canonical NF-κB dimers by Importin α3. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1207. [PMID: 35260573 PMCID: PMC8904830 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear translocation of the p50/p65 heterodimer is essential for NF-κB signaling. In unstimulated cells, p50/p65 is retained by the inhibitor IκBα in the cytoplasm that masks the p65-nuclear localization sequence (NLS). Upon activation, p50/p65 is translocated into the nucleus by the adapter importin α3 and the receptor importin β. Here, we describe a bipartite NLS in p50/p65, analogous to nucleoplasmin NLS but exposed in trans. Importin α3 accommodates the p50- and p65-NLSs at the major and minor NLS-binding pockets, respectively. The p50-NLS is the predominant binding determinant, while the p65-NLS induces a conformational change in the Armadillo 7 of importin α3 that stabilizes a helical conformation of the p65-NLS. Neither conformational change was observed for importin α1, which makes fewer bonds with the p50/p65 NLSs, explaining the preference for α3. We propose that importin α3 discriminates between the transcriptionally active p50/p65 heterodimer and p50/p50 and p65/65 homodimers, ensuring fidelity in NF-κB signaling. Nuclear translocation of the p50/p65 heterodimer is essential for NF-κB signaling. Here, the authors identify a bipartite Nuclear Localization Signal in the NF-κB p50/p65 heterodimer that is recognized with high affinity by importin α3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Florio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Ravi K Lokareddy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Daniel P Yeggoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Rajeshwer S Sankhala
- Center of Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Connor A Ott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Richard E Gillilan
- Macromolecular Diffraction Facility, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (MacCHESS), Cornell University, 161 Synchrotron Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gino Cingolani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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15
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Chantarasakha K, Asawapanumas T, Suntivich R, Panya A, Phonsatta N, Thiennimitr P, Laoteng K, Tepaamorndech S. Hatakabb, a herbal extract, contains pyrogallol as the novel mediator inhibiting LPS-induced TNF-α production by NF-κB inactivation and HMOX-1 upregulation. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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16
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89Zr Immuno-PET Imaging of Tumor PD-1 Reveals That PMA Upregulates Lymphoma PD-1 through NFκB and JNK Signaling. Mol Imaging 2022; 2022:5916692. [PMID: 35250391 PMCID: PMC8865856 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5916692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune therapy of T-cell lymphoma requires assessment of tumor-expressed programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1). Herein, we developed an immuno-PET technique that quantitatively images and monitors regulation of PD-1 expression on T-cell lymphomas. Methods. Anti-PD-1 IgG underwent sulfhydryl moiety-specific conjugation with maleimide-deferoxamine and 89Zr labeling. Binding assays and Western blotting were performed in EL4 murine T-cell lymphoma cells. In vivo pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and PET were performed in mice. Results. 89Zr-PD-1 IgG binding to EL4 cells was completely blocked by cold antibodies, confirming excellent target specificity. Following intravenous injection into mice, 89Zr-PD-1 IgG showed biexponential blood clearance and relatively low normal organ uptake after five days. PET/CT and biodistribution demonstrated high EL4 tumor uptake that was suppressed by cold antibodies. In EL4 cells, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) increased 89Zr-PD-1 IgG binding (
%) and dose-dependent augmentation of PD-1 expression (
of controls by 200 ng/ml). FACS showed strong PD-1 expression on all EL4 cells and positive but weaker expression on
% of the mouse spleen lymphocytes. PMA stimulation led to
-fold increase in the proportion of the strongest PD-1 expressing EL4 cells but failed to influence that of PD-1+ mouse lymphocytes. In mice, PMA treatment increased 89Zr-PD-1 IgG uptake in EL4 lymphomas from
to
%ID/g (
), and tumor uptake closely correlated with PD-1 level (
,
). On immunohistochemistry of tumor sections, infiltrating CD8α+ T lymphocytes constituted a small fraction of tumor cells. The entire tumor section showed strong PD-1 staining that was even stronger for PMA-treated mice. Investigation of involved signaling revealed that PMA increased EL4 cell and tumor HIF-1α accumulation and NFκB and JNK activation. Conclusion. 89Zr-PD-1 IgG offered high-contrast PET imaging of tumor PD-1 in mice. This was found to mostly represent binding to EL4 tumor cells, although infiltrating T lymphocytes may also have contributed. PD-1 expression on T-cell lymphomas was upregulated by PMA stimulation, and this was reliably monitored by 89Zr-PD-1 IgG PET. This technique may thus be useful for understanding the mechanisms of PD-1 regulation in lymphomas of living subjects.
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17
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Ferrari V, Cristofani R, Tedesco B, Crippa V, Chierichetti M, Casarotto E, Cozzi M, Mina F, Piccolella M, Galbiati M, Rusmini P, Poletti A. Valosin Containing Protein (VCP): A Multistep Regulator of Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1939. [PMID: 35216053 PMCID: PMC8878954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Valosin containing protein (VCP) has emerged as a central protein in the regulation of the protein quality control (PQC) system. VCP mutations are causative of multisystem proteinopathies, which include neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and share various signs of altered proteostasis, mainly associated with autophagy malfunctioning. Autophagy is a complex multistep degradative system essential for the maintenance of cell viability, especially in post-mitotic cells as neurons and differentiated skeletal muscle cells. Interestingly, many studies concerning NDs have focused on autophagy impairment as a pathological mechanism or autophagy activity boosting to rescue the pathological phenotype. The role of VCP in autophagy has been widely debated, but recent findings have defined new mechanisms associated with VCP activity in the regulation of autophagy, showing that VCP is involved in different steps of this pathway. Here we will discuss the multiple activity of VCP in the autophagic pathway underlying its leading role either in physiological or pathological conditions. A better understanding of VCP complexes and mechanisms in regulating autophagy could define the altered mechanisms by which VCP directly or indirectly causes or modulates different human diseases and revealing possible new therapeutic approaches for NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Riccardo Cristofani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Barbara Tedesco
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS—Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Marta Chierichetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Marta Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Francesco Mina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Margherita Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
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18
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Roman-Trufero M, Dillon N. The UBE2D ubiquitin conjugating enzymes: Potential regulatory hubs in development, disease and evolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1058751. [PMID: 36578786 PMCID: PMC9790923 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1058751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination of cellular proteins plays critical roles in key signalling pathways and in the regulation of protein turnover in eukaryotic cells. E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes function as essential intermediates in ubiquitination reactions by acting as ubiquitin donors for the E3 ubiquitin ligase enzymes that confer substrate specificity. The members of the UBE2D family of E2 enzymes are involved in regulating signalling cascades through ubiquitination of target proteins that include receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and components of the Hedgehog, TGFβ and NFκB pathways. UBE2D enzymes also function in transcriptional control by acting as donors for ubiquitination of histone tails by the Polycomb protein Ring1B and the DNA methylation regulator UHRF1 as well as having roles in DNA repair and regulation of the level of the tumour suppressor p53. Here we review the functional roles and mechanisms of regulation of the UBE2D proteins including recent evidence that regulation of the level of UBE2D3 is critical for controlling ubiquitination of specific targets during development. Cellular levels of UBE2D3 have been shown to be regulated by phosphorylation, which affects folding of the protein, reducing its stability. Specific variations in the otherwise highly conserved UBE2D3 protein sequence in amniotes and in a subgroup of teleost fishes, the Acanthomorpha, suggest that the enzyme has had important roles during vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Roman-Trufero
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niall Dillon
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
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19
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IκBα is required for full transcriptional induction of some NFκB-regulated genes in response to TNF in MCF-7 cells. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2021; 7:42. [PMID: 34853340 PMCID: PMC8636565 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-021-00204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory stimuli triggers the degradation of three inhibitory κB (IκB) proteins, allowing for nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) for transcriptional induction of its target genes. Of these three, IκBα is a well-known negative feedback regulator that limits the duration of NFκB activity. We sought to determine whether IκBα's role in enabling or limiting NFκB activation is important for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced gene expression in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Contrary to our expectations, many more TNF-response genes showed reduced induction than enhanced induction in IκBα knockdown cells. Mathematical modeling was used to investigate the underlying mechanism. We found that the reduced activation of some NFκB target genes in IκBα-deficient cells could be explained by the incoherent feedforward loop (IFFL) model. In addition, for a subset of genes, prolonged NFκB activity due to loss of negative feedback control did not prolong their transient activation; this implied a multi-state transcription cycle control of gene induction. Genes encoding key inflammation-related transcription factors, such as JUNB and KLF10, were found to be best represented by a model that contained both the IFFL and the transcription cycle motif. Our analysis sheds light on the regulatory strategies that safeguard inflammatory gene expression from overproduction and repositions the function of IκBα not only as a negative feedback regulator of NFκB but also as an enabler of NFκB-regulated stimulus-responsive inflammatory gene expression. This study indicates the complex involvement of IκBα in the inflammatory response to TNF that is induced by radiation therapy in breast cancer.
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20
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Arango Duque G, Dion R, Matte C, Fabié A, Descoteaux J, Stäger S, Descoteaux A. Sec22b Regulates Inflammatory Responses by Controlling the Nuclear Translocation of NF-κB and the Secretion of Inflammatory Mediators. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2297-2309. [PMID: 34580108 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) regulate the vesicle transport machinery in phagocytic cells. Within the secretory pathway, Sec22b is an endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC)-resident SNARE that controls phagosome maturation and function in macrophages and dendritic cells. The secretory pathway controls the release of cytokines and may also impact the secretion of NO, which is synthesized by the Golgi-active inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Whether ERGIC SNARE Sec22b controls NO and cytokine secretion is unknown. Using murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, we demonstrated that inducible NO synthase colocalizes with ERGIC/Golgi markers, notably Sec22b and its partner syntaxin 5, in the cytoplasm and at the phagosome. Pharmacological blockade of the secretory pathway hindered NO and cytokine release, and inhibited NF-κB translocation to the nucleus. Importantly, RNA interference-mediated silencing of Sec22b revealed that NO and cytokine production were abrogated at the protein and mRNA levels. This correlated with reduced nuclear translocation of NF-κB. We also found that Sec22b co-occurs with NF-κB in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, pointing to a role for this SNARE in the shuttling of NF-κB. Collectively, our data unveiled a novel function for the ERGIC/Golgi, and its resident SNARE Sec22b, in the production and release of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Arango Duque
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Renaud Dion
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine Matte
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aymeric Fabié
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julien Descoteaux
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simona Stäger
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Albert Descoteaux
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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21
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N-acetyl-chitooligosaccharide attenuates inflammatory responses by suppression of NF-κB signaling, MAPK and NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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22
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Guan G, Su H, Wei X, Zheng Y, Jin X. The promotion of tetrabromobisphenol A exposure on Ishikawa cells proliferation and pivotal role of ubiquitin-mediated IκB' degradation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111254. [PMID: 32890954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), one of the highly common industrial brominated flame retardants (BFRs), has been recently reported to influence the progression of endometrial carcinoma. However, the underlying mechanism between them has not been fully illuminated. Our findings demonstrated that treatment with low concentrations of TBBPA significantly induced the proliferation of Ishikawa cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Mechanically, TBBPA stimulation led to the elevation of NF-κB expression, accompanied by the occurrence of ubiquitin-mediated IκB' degradation. Additionally, the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon TBBPA exposure was observed in both mRNA and protein levels. Interestingly, the above toxic effects of TBBPA on Ishikawa cells were markedly attenuated by the addition of MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor, suggesting the crucial role of ubiquitin-mediated IκB' degradation in the TBBPA-stimulated proliferation of Ishikawa cells. Confirmation using in vivo model was also presented in this work. Accordingly, our data indicated that ubiquitin-mediated IκB' degradation and inflammatory response could serve as critical and sensitive biomarkers for the TBBPA-induced endometrial carcinoma, which would be helpful for the future carcinogenic risk assessments of TBBPA exposure on uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Guan
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huilan Su
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoran Wei
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoting Jin
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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23
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Gu VW, Cho E, Thompson DT, Cassady VC, Borcherding N, Koch KE, Wu VT, Lorenzen AW, van der Heide DM, White JR, Kulak MV, Williams T, Zhang W, Weigel RJ. AP-2γ Is Required for Maintenance of Multipotent Mammary Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 16:106-119. [PMID: 33382976 PMCID: PMC7897584 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary gland ductal morphogenesis depends on the differentiation of mammary stem cells (MaSCs) into basal and luminal lineages. The AP-2γ transcription factor, encoded by Tfap2c, has a central role in mammary gland development but its effect in mammary lineages and specifically MaSCs is largely unknown. Here, we utilized an inducible, conditional knockout of Tfap2c to elucidate the role of AP-2γ in maintenance and differentiation of MaSCs. Loss of AP-2γ in the basal epithelium profoundly altered the transcriptomes and decreased the number of cells within several clusters of mammary epithelial cells, including adult MaSCs and luminal progenitors. AP-2γ regulated the expression of genes known to be required for mammary development, including Cebpb, Nfkbia, and Rspo1. As a result, AP-2γ-deficient mice exhibited repressed mammary gland ductal outgrowth and inhibition of regenerative capacity. The findings demonstrate that AP-2γ can regulate development of mammary gland structures potentially regulating maintenance and differentiation of multipotent MaSCs. AP-2γ-deficient mice exhibit repressed ductal outgrowth and regenerative capacity Loss of AP-2γ reduced cells within mammary stem and luminal progenitor clusters AP-2γ target genes, including Cebpb, Nfkbia, and Rspo1, regulate mammary development AP-2γ potentially regulates maintenance of multipotent mammary stem cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian W Gu
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, JCP 1509 Iowa City, IA 52242-1086, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Edward Cho
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, JCP 1509 Iowa City, IA 52242-1086, USA
| | - Dakota T Thompson
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, JCP 1509 Iowa City, IA 52242-1086, USA
| | - Victoria C Cassady
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, JCP 1509 Iowa City, IA 52242-1086, USA
| | | | - Kelsey E Koch
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, JCP 1509 Iowa City, IA 52242-1086, USA
| | - Vincent T Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, JCP 1509 Iowa City, IA 52242-1086, USA
| | - Allison W Lorenzen
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, JCP 1509 Iowa City, IA 52242-1086, USA
| | - Dana M van der Heide
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, JCP 1509 Iowa City, IA 52242-1086, USA
| | - Jeffrey R White
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, JCP 1509 Iowa City, IA 52242-1086, USA
| | - Mikhail V Kulak
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, JCP 1509 Iowa City, IA 52242-1086, USA
| | - Trevor Williams
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Ronald J Weigel
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, JCP 1509 Iowa City, IA 52242-1086, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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24
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Disulfiram as a Therapeutic Agent for Metastatic Malignant Melanoma-Old Myth or New Logos? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123538. [PMID: 33260923 PMCID: PMC7760689 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent years, disulfiram has gained in attention as an anticancer drug due to its broad activity against various cancers, and its mechanisms and molecular targets have been deciphered in vitro and in vivo. One of these cancers is melanoma. Initial data from human studies show some benefit, but do not confirm its broad efficacy as a monotherapy. However, combination approaches could pave the way for exploiting the beneficial effects of disulfiram for cancer patients, including those with melanoma. Abstract New therapeutic concepts such as anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy or targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors have significantly improved the survival of melanoma patients. However, about 20% of patients with targeted therapy and up to 50% with immunotherapies do not respond to their first-line treatment or rapidly develop resistance. In addition, there is no approved targeted therapy for certain subgroups, namely BRAF wild-type melanomas, although they often bear aggressive tumor biology. A repurposing of already approved drugs is a promising strategy to fill this gap, as it will result in comparatively low costs, lower risks and time savings. Disulfiram (DSF), the first drug to treat alcoholism, which received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration more than 60 years ago, is such a drug candidate. There is growing evidence that DSF has great potential for the treatment of various human cancers, including melanoma. Several mechanisms of its antitumor activity have been identified, amongst them the inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, the induction of reactive oxygen species and various death signaling pathways. This article provides an overview of the application of DSF in humans, its molecular mechanisms and targets in cancer therapy with a focus on melanoma. The results of clinical studies and experimental combination approaches of DSF with various cancer therapies are discussed, with the aim of exploring the potential of DSF in melanoma therapy.
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25
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Bellet MM, Pieroni S, Castelli M, Piobbico D, Fallarino F, Romani L, Della-Fazia MA, Servillo G. HOPS/Tmub1 involvement in the NF-kB-mediated inflammatory response through the modulation of TRAF6. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:865. [PMID: 33060567 PMCID: PMC7567074 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
HOPS/Tmub1 is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane ubiquitin-like protein that shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm during cell cycle progression. HOPS causes cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, an event associated to stabilization of p19Arf, an important tumor suppressor protein. Moreover, HOPS plays an important role in driving centrosomal assembly and maintenance, mitotic spindle proper organization, and ultimately a correct cell division. Recently, HOPS has been described as an important regulator of p53, which acts as modifier, stabilizing p53 half-life and playing a key role in p53 mediating apoptosis after DNA damage. NF-κB is a transcription factor with a central role in many cellular events, including inflammation and apoptosis. Our experiments demonstrate that the transcriptional activity of the p65/RelA NF-κB subunit is regulated by HOPS. Importantly, Hops−/− cells have remarkable alterations of pro-inflammatory responses. Specifically, we found that HOPS enhances NF-κB activation leading to increase transcription of inflammatory mediators, through the reduction of IκBα stability. Notably, this effect is mediated by a direct HOPS binding to the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6, which lessens TRAF6 stability ultimately leading increased IKK complex activation. These findings uncover a previously unidentified function of HOPS/Tmub1 as a novel modulator of TRAF6, regulating inflammatory responses driven by activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. The comprehension on how HOPS/Tmub1 takes part to the inflammatory processes in vivo and whether this function is important in the control of proliferation and tumorigenesis could establish the basis for the development of novel pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Maria Bellet
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Pieroni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marilena Castelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Danilo Piobbico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Servillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
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26
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Chen J, Purvis GSD, Collotta D, Al Zoubi S, Sugimoto MA, Cacace A, Martin L, Colas RA, Collino M, Dalli J, Thiemermann C. RvE1 Attenuates Polymicrobial Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Enhances Bacterial Clearance. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2080. [PMID: 32983159 PMCID: PMC7492649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cardiac dysfunction caused by microbial infection predicts high mortality in sepsis patients. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) mediate resolution of inflammation in many inflammatory diseases, and are differentially expressed in plasma of sepsis patients. Here, we investigated whether the levels of SPMs are altered in the murine septic heart following polymicrobial sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Ten weeks-old male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), which is a clinically relevant sepsis model receiving analgesics, antibiotics, and fluid resuscitation. CLP caused a significant systolic dysfunction assessed by echocardiography. The hearts were subjected to LC-MS/MS based lipid mediator profiling. Many SPMs were significantly reduced in septic hearts, among which RvE1 had a ~93-fold reduction. Treatment of CLP mice with synthetic RvE1 (1 μg/mouse i.v.) at 1 h after CLP increased peritoneal macrophages number, particularly MHC II- macrophages. RvE1 reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and CCL2) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in vitro. RvE1 attenuated cardiac dysfunction in septic mice and increased cardiac phosphorylated Akt; decreased cardiac phosphorylated IκB kinase α/β, nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and c-Jun amino-terminal kinases 1/2. Most notably, RvE1 treatment reduced peritoneal bacterial load and promoted phagocytosis activity of BMDMs. In conclusion, cardiac SPMs, particularly RvE1, are substantially reduced in mice with polymicrobial sepsis. Delayed therapeutic administration of RvE1 to mice with polymicrobial sepsis attenuates the cardiac dysfunction through modulating immuno-inflammatory responses. In addition to the above effects, the ability to enhance bacterial clearance makes RvE1 an ideal therapeutic to reduce the sequalae of polymicrobial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth S D Purvis
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Debora Collotta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sura Al Zoubi
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt, Jordan
| | - Michelle A Sugimoto
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonino Cacace
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Diabetes Complication Research Centre, School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lukas Martin
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman A Colas
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Thingholm TE, Rönnstrand L, Rosenberg PA. Why and how to investigate the role of protein phosphorylation in ZIP and ZnT zinc transporter activity and regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3085-3102. [PMID: 32076742 PMCID: PMC7391401 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is required for the regulation of proliferation, metabolism, and cell signaling. It is an intracellular second messenger, and the cellular level of ionic, mobile zinc is strictly controlled by zinc transporters. In mammals, zinc homeostasis is primarily regulated by ZIP and ZnT zinc transporters. The importance of these transporters is underscored by the list of diseases resulting from changes in transporter expression and activity. However, despite numerous structural studies of the transporters revealing both zinc binding sites and motifs important for transporter function, the exact molecular mechanisms regulating ZIP and ZnT activities are still not clear. For example, protein phosphorylation was found to regulate ZIP7 activity resulting in the release of Zn2+ from intracellular stores leading to phosphorylation of tyrosine kinases and activation of signaling pathways. In addition, sequence analyses predict all 24 human zinc transporters to be phosphorylated suggesting that protein phosphorylation is important for regulation of transporter function. This review describes how zinc transporters are implicated in a number of important human diseases. It summarizes the current knowledge regarding ZIP and ZnT transporter structures and points to how protein phosphorylation seems to be important for the regulation of zinc transporter activity. The review addresses the need to investigate the role of protein phosphorylation in zinc transporter function and regulation, and argues for a pressing need to introduce quantitative phosphoproteomics to specifically target zinc transporters and proteins involved in zinc signaling. Finally, different quantitative phosphoproteomic strategies are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Thingholm
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 25, 3, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - L Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404, Scheelevägen 2, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404, Scheelevägen 2, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - P A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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28
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Romero N, Van Waesberghe C, Favoreel HW. Pseudorabies Virus Infection of Epithelial Cells Leads to Persistent but Aberrant Activation of the NF-κB Pathway, Inhibiting Hallmark NF-κB-Induced Proinflammatory Gene Expression. J Virol 2020; 94:e00196-20. [PMID: 32132236 PMCID: PMC7199412 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00196-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a potent transcription factor, activation of which typically results in robust proinflammatory signaling and triggering of fast negative feedback modulators to avoid excessive inflammatory responses. Here, we report that infection of epithelial cells, including primary porcine respiratory epithelial cells, with the porcine alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PRV) results in the gradual and persistent activation of NF-κB, illustrated by proteasome-dependent degradation of the inhibitory NF-κB regulator IκB and nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of the NF-κB subunit p65. PRV-induced persistent activation of NF-κB does not result in expression of negative feedback loop genes, like the gene for IκBα or A20, and does not trigger expression of prototypical proinflammatory genes, like the gene for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition, PRV infection inhibits TNF-α-induced canonical NF-κB activation. Hence, PRV infection triggers persistent NF-κB activation in an unorthodox way and dramatically modulates the NF-κB signaling axis, preventing typical proinflammatory gene expression and the responsiveness of cells to canonical NF-κB signaling, which may aid the virus in modulating early proinflammatory responses in the infected host.IMPORTANCE The NF-κB transcription factor is activated via different key inflammatory pathways and typically results in the fast expression of several proinflammatory genes as well as negative feedback loop genes to prevent excessive inflammation. In the current report, we describe that infection of cells with the porcine alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PRV) triggers a gradual and persistent aberrant activation of NF-κB, which does not result in expression of hallmark proinflammatory or negative feedback loop genes. In addition, although PRV-induced NF-κB activation shares some mechanistic features with canonical NF-κB activation, it also shows remarkable differences; e.g., it is largely independent of the canonical IκB kinase (IKK) and even renders infected cells resistant to canonical NF-κB activation by the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Aberrant PRV-induced NF-κB activation may therefore paradoxically serve as a viral immune evasion strategy and may represent an important tool to unravel currently unknown mechanisms and consequences of NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Romero
- Department of Virology, Parasitology, Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cliff Van Waesberghe
- Department of Virology, Parasitology, Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Herman W Favoreel
- Department of Virology, Parasitology, Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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29
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Therapeutic effects of IkB kinase inhibitor during systemic inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106509. [PMID: 32335479 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of inflammatory diseases support the idea that nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation plays a pathophysiological role and is widely implicated in multiple organ dysfunction (MOD). Indeed, the inhibition of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, involved in the NF-κB pathway, can represent a promising approach to prevent MOD. The present work employed a rat model of systemic inflammation to investigate the preventive effects of Inhibitor of IKK complex (IKK16). In male Wistar rats, systemic inflammation was induced by a tail vein injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS challenge; 12 mg/kg). Treatment with IKK16 (1 mg/kg body weight) was administered, by tail vein, 15 min post-LPS. Age- and sex-matched healthy rats and LPS rats without treatment were used as controls. At 24 h post-IKK16 treatment, serum enzyme levels indicative of liver, kidney, pancreas and muscle function were evaluated by biochemical analysis, and RT-PCR technique was used to analyze gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hemodynamic parameters were also considered to assess the LPS-induced inflammation. IKK16 treatment yielded a strong therapeutic effect in preventing LPS-induced elevation of serological enzyme levels, attenuating hepatic, renal, pancreatic and muscular dysfunction after LPS challenge. Moreover, as expected, LPS promoted a significantly overexpression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the heart, kidney, and liver; which was diminished by IKK16 treatment. The present study provides convincing evidence that selective inhibition of the IκB kinase complex through the action of IKK16, plays a protective role against LPS-induced multiple organ dysfunction by reducing the acute inflammatory response induced by endotoxin exposure.
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Sari G, Okat Z, Sahin A, Karademir B. Proteasome Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy and their Relation to Redox Regulation. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5252-5267. [PMID: 30706779 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190201120013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is important for the maintenance of cell survival. Under physiological conditions, redox system works in a balance and involves activation of many signaling molecules. Regulation of redox balance via signaling molecules is achieved by different pathways and proteasomal system is a key pathway in this process. Importance of proteasomal system on signaling pathways has been investigated for many years. In this direction, many proteasome targeting molecules have been developed. Some of them are already in the clinic for cancer treatment and some are still under investigation to highlight underlying mechanisms. Although there are many studies done, molecular mechanisms of proteasome inhibitors and related signaling pathways need more detailed explanations. This review aims to discuss redox status and proteasomal system related signaling pathways. In addition, cancer therapies targeting proteasomal system and their effects on redox-related pathways have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulce Sari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Okan University, 34959, Tuzla, I stanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Okat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Karademir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
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Andrade-Oliveira V, Foresto-Neto O, Watanabe IKM, Zatz R, Câmara NOS. Inflammation in Renal Diseases: New and Old Players. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1192. [PMID: 31649546 PMCID: PMC6792167 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, a process intimately linked to renal disease, can be defined as a complex network of interactions between renal parenchymal cells and resident immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, coupled with recruitment of circulating monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. Once stimulated, these cells activate specialized structures such as Toll-like receptor and Nod-like receptor (NLR). By detecting danger-associated molecules, these receptors can set in motion major innate immunity pathways such as nuclear factor ĸB (NF-ĸB) and NLRP3 inflammasome, causing metabolic reprogramming and phenotype changes of immune and parenchymal cells and triggering the secretion of a number of inflammatory mediators that can cause irreversible tissue damage and functional loss. Growing evidence suggests that this response can be deeply impacted by the crosstalk between the kidneys and other organs, such as the gut. Changes in the composition and/or metabolite production of the gut microbiota can influence inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis, thus offering opportunities to positively manipulate the composition and/or functionality of gut microbiota and, consequentially, ameliorate deleterious consequences of renal diseases. In this review, we summarize the most recent evidence that renal inflammation can be ameliorated by interfering with the gut microbiota through the administration of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics. In addition to these innovative approaches, we address the recent discovery of new targets for drugs long in use in clinical practice. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists, NF-ĸB inhibitors, thiazide diuretics, and antimetabolic drugs can reduce renal macrophage infiltration and slow down the progression of renal disease by mechanisms independent of those usually attributed to these compounds. Allopurinol, an inhibitor of uric acid production, has been shown to decrease renal inflammation by limiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. So far, these protective effects have been shown in experimental studies only. Clinical studies will establish whether these novel strategies can be incorporated into the arsenal of treatments intended to prevent the progression of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Andrade-Oliveira
- Bernardo's Lab, Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil.,Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orestes Foresto-Neto
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Kazue Mizuno Watanabe
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Zatz
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yin J, Kim HH, Hwang IH, Kim DH, Lee MW. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phenolic Compounds Isolated from Quercus Mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. on UVB-Irradiated Human Skin Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173094. [PMID: 31454971 PMCID: PMC6749265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. (QM) has been used as an oriental traditional medicine to relieve hemorrhoids, fever, and enteritis. We screened the inhibitory activities of the extracts and compounds (1–6) isolated from QM on the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activities. Further, we evaluated the expression levels of cytokines, chemokines, and immune factors on pedunculagin (PC, 1), which was selected from isolated compounds (1–6) because of its potential anti-inflammation effect. Additionally, we evaluated whether the inflammation mitigation effects of PC (1) following UVB exposure in keratinocytes occurred because of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)/Janus kinase (JAK) activation. PC (1) remarkably suppressed interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-13, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA expression and reduced the mRNA expression level of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and also reduced the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural product-derived Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Han Hyuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural product-derived Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - In Hyeok Hwang
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural product-derived Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- R&D Department Applied Product Development Team, Traditional Korean Medicine Technology Division, 94, Hwarang-ro(Gapje-dong), Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38540, Korea
| | - Min Won Lee
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural product-derived Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
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Riedlinger T, Bartkuhn M, Zimmermann T, Hake SB, Nist A, Stiewe T, Kracht M, Schmitz ML. Chemotherapeutic Drugs Inhibiting Topoisomerase 1 Activity Impede Cytokine-Induced and NF-κB p65-Regulated Gene Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060883. [PMID: 31242600 PMCID: PMC6627772 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase I (TOP1), an enzyme relieving torsional stress of DNA by generating transient single-strand breaks, are clinically used to treat ovarian, small cell lung and cervical cancer. As torsional stress is generated during transcription by progression of RNA polymerase II through the transcribed gene, we tested the effects of camptothecin and of the approved TOP1 inhibitors Topotecan and SN-38 on TNFα-induced gene expression. RNA-seq experiments showed that inhibition of TOP1 but not of TOP2 activity suppressed the vast majority of TNFα-triggered genes. The TOP1 effects were fully reversible and preferentially affected long genes. TNFα stimulation led to inducible recruitment of TOP1 to the gene body of IL8, where its inhibition by camptothecin reduced transcription elongation and also led to altered histone H3 acetylation. Together, these data show that TOP1 inhibitors potently suppress expression of proinflammatory cytokines, a feature that may contribute to the increased infection risk occurring in tumor patients treated with these agents. On the other hand, TOP1 inhibitors could also be considered as a therapeutic option in order to interfere with exaggerated cytokine expression seen in several inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Riedlinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Marek Bartkuhn
- Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Tobias Zimmermann
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58-62, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Sandra B Hake
- Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility and Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps University Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Genomics Core Facility and Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps University Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Kracht
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Dong LY, Qiu XX, Zhuang Y, Xue S. Y-27632, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1911-1919. [PMID: 30816436 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of a Rho‑kinase inhibitor, Y‑27632, and the underlying mechanisms. A rat model of myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion (I/R) injury was generated by ligation of the coronary artery, and global ischemia of isolated rat hearts was conducted using the Langendorff system. Staining with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and hematoxylin and eosin was performed to analyze the myocardial infarct size and histopathological alterations of the I/R‑induced rat heart. In addition, coronary flow, myocardial contractility and an electrocardiogram were analyzed. The effects of Y‑27632 on inflammatory cytokines and cardiac enzymes in the serum were assessed by ELISA. The expression of apoptosis‑ and inflammation‑associated proteins was also analyzed via western blotting. Rats in the Y‑27632 group exhibited alleviated myocardial I/R injury according to TTC staining and histopathological diagnosis. Additionally, Y‑27632 restored the ST segment. The data of coronary flow and myocardial contractility in isolated rat hearts indicated that Y‑27632 improved heart function following I/R. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and cardiac enzymes in the serum were downregulated by Y‑27632. The mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)‑κB signaling pathways were inhibited by Y‑27632. Furthermore, apoptosis‑associated protein expression in rats and the isolated hearts was effectively inhibited by Y‑27632. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that Y‑27632 attenuated myocardial injury via inhibiting the activation of the MAPK and NF‑κB signaling pathways; thus, apoptosis and the inflammatory response were suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ya Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Qiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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Rahimova N, Babazada H, Higuchi Y, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Development of mKO2 fusion proteins for real-time imaging and mechanistic investigation of the degradation kinetics of human IκBα in living cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:190-198. [PMID: 30391277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In resting cells, the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) family of transcription factors is stabilized by complexation with the cytoplasmic inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IκBα). Extracellular stimuli, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide activate NF-κB through IκBα phosphorylation and ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. Herein, we developed a novel biosensor, by fusing the monomeric fluorescent protein Kusabira-Orange 2 to IκBα (mKO2-IκBα), to study the dynamics and structure-activity relationship of IκBα degradation. Site-specific deletion studies on the IκBα sequence revealed that the C-terminal PEST domain is required in signal-induced proteasomal degradation of IκBα and functions independently from ankyrin repeats. Using deletion mutants, we show that IκBα ankyrin repeats do not affect IκBα degradability but affect its degradation rate. We demonstrate, by both real-time confocal microscopy and western blot analysis, that the half-life of mKO2-IκBα in response to TNFα is approximately 35 min, which is similar to the half-life of endogenous IκBα. Using this biosensor we also show that selective proteasome inhibitors, such as lactacystin and MG132, inhibit degradation and affect the kinetics of IκBα in a dose-dependent manner. The techniques described here can have a range of possible applications, such as facilitating studies associated with IκBα dynamics and biochemical characteristics, as well as the screening of potential proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufar Rahimova
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hasan Babazada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 312 John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuriko Higuchi
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Yamashita
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hashida
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidaushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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36
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Zalfa C, Azmoon P, Mantuano E, Gonias SL. Tissue-type plasminogen activator neutralizes LPS but not protease-activated receptor-mediated inflammatory responses to plasmin. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:729-740. [PMID: 30690783 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0818-329rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) activates fibrinolysis and also suppresses innate immune system responses to LPS in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and in vivo in mice. The objective of this study was to assess the activity of tPA as a regulator of macrophage physiology in the presence of plasmin. Enzymatically active and enzymatically inactive (EI) tPA appeared to comprehensively block the response to LPS in BMDMs, including expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist. The activity of EI-tPA as an LPS response modifier was conserved in the presence of plasminogen. By contrast, in BMDMs treated with tPA and plasminogen or preactivated plasmin, in the presence or absence of LPS, increased proinflammatory cytokine expression was observed and tPA failed to reverse the response. Plasmin independently activated NF-κB, ERK1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in BMDMs, which is characteristic of proinflammatory stimuli. Plasmin-induced cytokine expression was blocked by ε-aminocaproic acid, aprotinin, and inhibitors of the known plasmin substrate, Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), but not by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor inhibitor, which blocks the effects of tPA on macrophages. Cytokine expression by BMDMs treated with the PAR-1 agonist, TFLLR, was not inhibited by EI-tPA, possibly explaining why EI-tPA does not inhibit macrophage responses to plasmin and providing evidence for specificity in the ability of tPA to oppose proinflammatory stimuli. Regulation of innate immunity by the fibrinolysis system may reflect the nature of the stimulus and a balance between the potentially opposing activities of tPA and plasmin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zalfa
- The Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pardis Azmoon
- The Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Elisabetta Mantuano
- The Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,The Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Steven L Gonias
- The Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Ghanem A, Schweitzer K, Naumann M. Catalytic domain of deubiquitinylase USP48 directs interaction with Rel homology domain of nuclear factor kappaB transcription factor RelA. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1369-1375. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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38
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Kim YA, Kim DH, Park CB, Park TS, Park BJ. Anti-Inflammatory and Skin-Moisturizing Effects of a Flavonoid Glycoside Extracted from the Aquatic Plant Nymphoides indica in Human Keratinocytes. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092342. [PMID: 30216992 PMCID: PMC6225133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nymphoides indica, an aquatic plant, is used as folk medicine in some countries. Our previous study demonstrated that the methanol extract of N. indica inhibited the activity of tyrosinases, tyrosine related protein (TRP)1 and TRP2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, as well as the activity of protein kinase A, by effectively inhibiting cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Although the biological activities of N. indica extract have been reported, there are no reports on the skin bioactivity of the main compound(s) on human keratinocytes. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and moisturizing effects of quercetin 3,7-dimethyl ether 4′-glucoside (QDG) isolated from N. indica. In brief, ultraviolet B irradiated keratinocytes were pretreated with different concentrations of QDG, and the effects of QDG on various inflammatory markers were determined. QDG significantly inhibited inflammation-related cytokines and chemokines and enhanced the activation of skin barrier factors. Additionally, QDG also attenuated phosphorylation inhibition of the upstream cytokines and nuclear factor-κB expression. These results suggest that QDG isolated from N. indica may serve as a potential source of bioactive substances for chronic inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Ah Kim
- Skin Science Research Institute, Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd., Chungcheongbukdo 28116, Korea.
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- Traditional Korean Medicine Technology Division, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38540, Korea.
| | - Chae Bin Park
- Skin Science Research Institute, Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd., Chungcheongbukdo 28116, Korea.
| | - Tae Soon Park
- Traditional Korean Medicine Technology Division, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38540, Korea.
| | - Byoung Jun Park
- Skin Science Research Institute, Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd., Chungcheongbukdo 28116, Korea.
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Ganguly RK, Midya S, Chakraborty SK. Antioxidant and Anticancer Roles of a Novel Strain of Bacillus anthracis Isolated from Vermicompost Prepared from Paper Mill Sludge. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1073687. [PMID: 30225245 PMCID: PMC6129355 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1073687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mass production of vermicompost using suitable species of earthworms and selecting target organic waste materials has appeared to be a great development in the realm of biotechnological research for the sustainable eco-management. Although, for the bioconversion of organic wastes to vermicompost, suitable earthworm species play major roles, a hoard of bacterial assemblages by virtue of production of different enzymes facilitate the process of vermicomposting. The present study has documented the roles of vermicompost associated bacteria in combating, preventing, and controlling of cancer so as to open a new vista not only in the field of vermitechnology but also on biomedical research. Earthworms' associated bacterial metabolic products having their unique physicochemical excellence have gained importance due to their roles as a facilitator of apoptosis (programed cell death in a MCF-7 cell line). The antioxidant and anticancer activities of ethyl acetate extracts' of vermicompost associated bacterium Bacillus anthracis were undertaken by antioxidant assay which revealed maximum DPPH radical scavenging effect (75.79 ± 5.41%) of the extracts' at 9 00 μg ml-1. Furthermore, the crude extracts obtained from the same bacteria were found to decrease the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) with the increase in doses. MTT assay showed potent cytotoxic activity against human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) with the IC50 value of 46.64 ± 0.79 μg ml-1. It was further confirmed through Hoechst 33258 staining of nuclear fragmentation assay and DNA fragmentation analysis. Western blotting test has confirmed a downregulation of Akt upon application of crude extracts. Increase of SOD activity along with decrease of Akt level reflects that the mode of action is entirely PI-3K dependent. This study tends to indicate that B. anthracis isolated from vermicompost could be potentially explored for the development of new therapeutic agents, especially against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar Ganguly
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujoy Midya
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
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40
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Prescott JA, Cook SJ. Targeting IKKβ in Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities for the Therapeutic Utilisation of IKKβ Inhibitors. Cells 2018; 7:cells7090115. [PMID: 30142927 PMCID: PMC6162708 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated NF-κB signalling is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous human inflammatory disorders and malignancies. Consequently, the NF-κB pathway has attracted attention as an attractive therapeutic target for drug discovery. As the primary, druggable mediator of canonical NF-κB signalling the IKKβ protein kinase has been the historical focus of drug development pipelines. Thousands of compounds with activity against IKKβ have been characterised, with many demonstrating promising efficacy in pre-clinical models of cancer and inflammatory disease. However, severe on-target toxicities and other safety concerns associated with systemic IKKβ inhibition have thus far prevented the clinical approval of any IKKβ inhibitors. This review will discuss the potential reasons for the lack of clinical success of IKKβ inhibitors to date, the challenges associated with their therapeutic use, realistic opportunities for their future utilisation, and the alternative strategies to inhibit NF-κB signalling that may overcome some of the limitations associated with IKKβ inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Prescott
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
| | - Simon J Cook
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
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41
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Bielaszewska M, Marejková M, Bauwens A, Kunsmann-Prokscha L, Mellmann A, Karch H. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 outer membrane vesicles induce interleukin 8 production in human intestinal epithelial cells by signaling via Toll-like receptors TLR4 and TLR5 and activation of the nuclear factor NF-κB. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:882-889. [PMID: 29934223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of diseases caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157, but the spectrum of bacterial components involved in the proinflammatory responses is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the abilities of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), nanoparticles released by EHEC O157 during growth, to induce production of proinflammatory cytokines in human intestinal epithelial cells. OMVs from both EHEC O157:H7 and sorbitol-fermenting (SF) EHEC O157:H- induced production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in Caco-2, HCT-8, and HT-29 intestinal epithelial cell lines. H7 flagellin was the key IL-8-inducing component of EHEC O157:H7 OMVs, whereas cytolethal distending toxin V and O157 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) largely contributed to IL-8 production elicited by flagellin-lacking OMVs from SF EHEC O157:H-. The H7 flagellin-mediated signaling via Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5, and O157 LPS-mediated signaling via TLR4/MD-2 complex, which were followed by activation of the nuclear factor NF-κB were major pathways underlying IL-8 production induced by EHEC O157 OMVs. The proinflammatory and immunomodulatory capacities of EHEC O157 OMVs have pathogenetic implications and support the OMVs as suitable vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bielaszewska
- Institute for Hygiene and the National Consulting Laboratory for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany; National Institute of Public Health, National Reference Laboratory for E. coli and Shigella, Prague, 100 42, Czech Republic.
| | - Monika Marejková
- National Institute of Public Health, National Reference Laboratory for E. coli and Shigella, Prague, 100 42, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Bauwens
- Institute for Hygiene and the National Consulting Laboratory for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Lisa Kunsmann-Prokscha
- Institute for Hygiene and the National Consulting Laboratory for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Alexander Mellmann
- Institute for Hygiene and the National Consulting Laboratory for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Helge Karch
- Institute for Hygiene and the National Consulting Laboratory for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
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Foresto-Neto O, Ávila VF, Arias SCA, Zambom FFF, Rempel LCT, Faustino VD, Machado FG, Malheiros DMAC, Abensur H, Camara NOS, Zatz R, Fujihara CK. NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition ameliorates tubulointerstitial injury in the remnant kidney model. J Transl Med 2018; 98:773-782. [PMID: 29511302 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome activation is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Allopurinol (ALLO) inhibits xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity, and, consequently, reduces the production of uric acid (UA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), both of which can activate the NLRP3 pathway. Thus, ALLO can contribute to slow the progression of CKD. We investigated whether inhibition of XOD by ALLO reduces NLRP3 activation and renal injury in the 5/6 renal ablation (Nx) model. Adult male Munich-Wistar rats underwent Nx and were subdivided into the following two groups: Nx, receiving vehicle only, and Nx + ALLO, Nx rats given ALLO, 36 mg/Kg/day in drinking water. Rats undergoing sham operation were studied as controls (C). Sixty days after surgery, Nx rats exhibited marked albuminuria, creatinine retention, and hypertension, as well as glomerulosclerosis, tubular injury, and cortical interstitial expansion/inflammation/fibrosis. Such changes were accompanied by increased XOD activity and UA renal levels, associated with augmented heme oxigenase-1 and reduced superoxide dismutase-2 renal contents. Both the NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways were activated in Nx. ALLO normalized both XOD activity and the parameters of oxidative stress. ALLO also attenuated hypertension and promoted selective tubulointerstitial protection, reducing urinary NGAL and cortical interstitial injury/inflammation. ALLO reduced renal NLRP3 activation, without interfering with the NF-κB pathway. These observations indicate that the tubulointerstitial antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effects of ALLO in the Nx model involve inhibition of the NLRP3 pathway, and reinforce the view that ALLO can contribute to arrest or slow the progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestes Foresto-Neto
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Victor Ferreira Ávila
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Costa Alarcon Arias
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lisienny Campoli Tono Rempel
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane Dias Faustino
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia Gomes Machado
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Hugo Abensur
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Zatz
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Clarice Kazue Fujihara
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Matsumoto K, Kose S, Kuwahara I, Yoshimura M, Imamoto N, Yoshida M. Y-box protein-associated acidic protein (YBAP1/C1QBP) affects the localization and cytoplasmic functions of YB-1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6198. [PMID: 29670170 PMCID: PMC5906478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Y-box proteins are multifunctional nucleic acid-binding proteins involved in various aspects of gene regulation. The founding member of the Y-box protein family, YB-1, functions as a transcription factor as well as a principal component of messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) in somatic cells. The nuclear level of YB-1 is well correlated with poor prognosis in many human cancers. Previously, we showed that a Y-box protein–associated acidic protein, YBAP1, which is identical to complement component 1, q subcomponent-binding protein (C1QBP, also called gC1qR, hyaluronan-binding protein 1 [HABP1] or ASF/SF2-associated protein p32), relieves translational repression by YB-1. Here we show that the nuclear localization of YB-1 harboring a point mutation in the cold shock domain was inhibited when co-expressed with YBAP1, whereas cytoplasmic accumulation of the wild-type YB-1 was not affected. We showed that YBAP1 inhibited the interaction between YB-1 and transportin 1. In the cytoplasm, YBAP1 affected the accumulation of YB-1 to processing bodies (P-bodies) and partially abrogated the mRNA stabilization by YB-1. Our results, indicating that YBAP1/C1QBP regulates the nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of YB-1 and its cytoplasmic functions, are consistent with a model that YBAP1/C1QBP acts as an mRNP remodeling factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Matsumoto
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan. .,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan. .,Molecular Entomology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Shingo Kose
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Iku Kuwahara
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mami Yoshimura
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoko Imamoto
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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44
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Shim SY, Lee SG, Lee M. Biflavonoids Isolated from Selaginella tamariscina and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities via ERK 1/2 Signaling. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040926. [PMID: 29673161 PMCID: PMC6017943 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selaginella tamariscina (S. tamariscina) (Beauv.) Spring (Selaginellaceae) has been used in oriental medicine for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, chronic hepatitis, hyperglycemia, amenorrhea, hematuria, prolapse of the anus and metrorrhagia. In the present study, we isolated two strong anti-inflammatory compounds, the biflavonoids hinokiflavone (H) and 7′-O-methyl hinokiflavone (mH), from S. tamariscina and examined their anti-inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) and colon epithelial cells (HT-29). H and mH suppressed the production of the inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which are most highly activated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In addition, Western blot analysis revealed that H and mH suppressed the LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2. These results suggest that H and mH are compounds having potent anti-inflammatory effects that could be used to treat such diseases as IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Yup Shim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon-si 57922, Jeonnam, Korea.
- Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon-si 57922, Jeonnam, Korea.
| | - Seul-Gi Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon-si 57922, Jeonnam, Korea.
| | - Mina Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon-si 57922, Jeonnam, Korea.
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45
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Shim SY, Sung SH, Lee M. Anti-inflammatory activity of mulberrofuran K isolated from the bark of Morus bombycis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 58:117-124. [PMID: 29573719 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Morus bombycis Koidzumi, commonly known as silkworm mulberry, is a plant belonging to family Moraceae. It has been used in Asian countries as a traditional medicine for treating hypertension, diabetes, and inflammatory disorders. In this study, we isolated eleven compounds from the cortex of M. bombycis and evaluated their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production as an indicator of their anti-inflammatory activities using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages. Compound 4 showed the most potent inhibitory activity on NO production. It was identified as mulberrofuran K (MFK). Anti-inflammatory activity of MFK was then carried out using LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. MFK suppressed the production of NO, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed that MFK treatment inhibited expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). MFK also inhibited transcriptional activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and extracellular-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages. These results suggest that MFK, an anti-inflammatory constituents of M. bombycis cortex, has potential as a therapeutic candidates for preventing and treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Yup Shim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon-si 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon-si 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon-si 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea; Suncheon Research Center for Natural Medicines, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon-si 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
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46
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Yuxian X, Feng T, Ren L, Zhengcai L. Tanshinone II-A Inhibits Invasion and Metastasis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells in Vitro and in Vivo. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 95:789-95. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160909500623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background Tanshinone II-A is an alcohol extract of the root of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, whose effects and mechanism in tumor metastasis are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tanshinone II-A on tumor invasion and metastasis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its possible mechanism of action. Methods and Study Design The HCC cell lines HepG2 and SMMC-7721 were treated with tanshinone II-A at different doses. Invasion and metastasis of tumor cells were examined by in vitro and in vivo assays. The molecular mechanisms of tanshinone II-A for inhibiting invasion and metastasis of HCC cells were investigated by Western blot and gelatin zymography. Results Treatment with tanshinone II-A had inhibitory effects on the migration and invasion of HCC cells. Increasing doses resulted in enhanced inhibitory effects. At 0.5 mg/L, the inhibitory effect was noticeable. At 1 mg/L, the inhibitory rate was 53.15%. The inhibitory effect became stronger with time; among 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of treatment, the most significant effects were observed at 72 hours. Tanshinone II-A also significantly inhibited in vivo metastasis of HepG2 cells. Tanshinone II-A inhibited in vitro and in vivo invasion and metastasis of HCC cells by reducing the expression of the metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9 and by blocking NF-kappa B activation. Conclusions Tanshinone II-A effectively inhibited invasion and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo, partly by inhibiting the activity of MMP2 and MMP9, and partly via the NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yuxian
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an
| | - Tian Feng
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA 210th Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning Province
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liu Zhengcai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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47
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Soave CL, Guerin T, Liu J, Dou QP. Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system for cancer treatment: discovering novel inhibitors from nature and drug repurposing. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 36:717-736. [PMID: 29047025 PMCID: PMC5722705 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9705-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past 15 years, the proteasome has been validated as an anti-cancer drug target and 20S proteasome inhibitors (such as bortezomib and carfilzomib) have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of multiple myeloma and some other liquid tumors. However, there are shortcomings of clinical proteasome inhibitors, including severe toxicity, drug resistance, and no effect in solid tumors. At the same time, extensive research has been conducted in the areas of natural compounds and old drug repositioning towards the goal of discovering effective, economical, low toxicity proteasome-inhibitory anti-cancer drugs. A variety of dietary polyphenols, medicinal molecules, metallic complexes, and metal-binding compounds have been found to be able to selectively inhibit tumor cellular proteasomes and induce apoptotic cell death in vitro and in vivo, supporting the clinical success of specific 20S proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib. Therefore, the discovery of natural proteasome inhibitors and researching old drugs with proteasome-inhibitory properties may provide an alternative strategy for improving the current status of cancer treatment and even prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Soave
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540.1 HWCRC, 4100 John R Road, Detroit, MI, 48201-2013, USA
| | - Tracey Guerin
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540.1 HWCRC, 4100 John R Road, Detroit, MI, 48201-2013, USA
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540.1 HWCRC, 4100 John R Road, Detroit, MI, 48201-2013, USA.
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.
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Meshram SN, Paul D, Manne R, Choppara S, Sankaran G, Agrawal Y, Santra MK. FBXO32 activates NF-κB through IκBα degradation in inflammatory and genotoxic stress. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 92:134-140. [PMID: 28970077 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In response to diverse stresses, the canonical NF-κB pathway gets activated primarily to protect the cells and maintain their genomic integrity. It activates the cell cycle checkpoints allowing the cells with limited damage to restore a normal life cycle. One of the key events in activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway is the selective proteasomal degradation of IκBα. It has been previously shown that F-box protein βTRCP1 has limited role in directing the proteasomal degradation of IκBα during stress conditions. Here, we report another member of F-box family proteins, FBXO32, as a potential activator of NF-κB signaling during genotoxic stress and inflammatory response. Following genotoxic or inflammatory stress, FBXO32 is stabilized, which leads to polyubiquitination and proteasome mediated degradation of IκBα. We also found that FBXO32 is required for physiological regulation of IκBα levels in unstressed cells. Thus, we decipher the new role of FBXO32 in regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin N Meshram
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India; S. P. Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India
| | - Debasish Paul
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India; S. P. Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India
| | - Rajeshkumar Manne
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India; S. P. Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India
| | - Srinadh Choppara
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India; S. P. Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India
| | - Ganga Sankaran
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India
| | - Yashika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India; S. P. Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India.
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Wu GR, Mu TC, Gao ZX, Wang J, Sy MS, Li CY. Prion protein is required for tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-triggered nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and cytokine production. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18747-18759. [PMID: 28900035 PMCID: PMC5704461 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.787283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of normal cellular prion protein (PrP) is required for the pathogenesis of prion diseases. However, the physiological functions of PrP remain ambiguous. Here, we identified PrP as being critical for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α-triggered signaling in a human melanoma cell line, M2, and a pancreatic ductal cell adenocarcinoma cell line, BxPC-3. In M2 cells, TNFα up-regulates the expression of p-IκB-kinase α/β (p-IKKα/β), p-p65, and p-JNK, but down-regulates the IκBα protein, all of which are downstream signaling intermediates in the TNF receptor signaling cascade. When PRNP is deleted in M2 cells, the effects of TNFα are no longer detectable. More importantly, p-p65 and p-JNK responses are restored when PRNP is reintroduced into the PRNP null cells. TNFα also activates NF-κB and increases TNFα production in wild-type M2 cells, but not in PrP-null M2 cells. Similar results are obtained in the BxPC-3 cells. Moreover, TNFα activation of NF-κB requires ubiquitination of receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 (RIP1) and TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2). TNFα treatment increases the binding between PrP and the deubiquitinase tumor suppressor cylindromatosis (CYLD), in these treated cells, binding of CYLD to RIP1 and TRAF2 is reduced. We conclude that PrP traps CYLD, preventing it from binding and deubiquitinating RIP1 and TRAF2. Our findings reveal that PrP enhances the responses to TNFα, promoting proinflammatory cytokine production, which may contribute to inflammation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Ru Wu
- From the Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, 44 Xiao Hong Shan Zhong Qu, Wuhan 430071, China.,the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Tian-Chen Mu
- the Department of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Gao
- From the Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, 44 Xiao Hong Shan Zhong Qu, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jun Wang
- From the Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, 44 Xiao Hong Shan Zhong Qu, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Man-Sun Sy
- the Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and
| | - Chao-Yang Li
- From the Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, 44 Xiao Hong Shan Zhong Qu, Wuhan 430071, China, .,the Wuhan Brain Hospital, No. 5 Huiji Road, Jiang'an District, Wuhan 430010, China
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50
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The AAA+ ATPase p97, a cellular multitool. Biochem J 2017; 474:2953-2976. [PMID: 28819009 PMCID: PMC5559722 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The AAA+ (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) ATPase p97 is essential to a wide range of cellular functions, including endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation, membrane fusion, NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) activation and chromatin-associated processes, which are regulated by ubiquitination. p97 acts downstream from ubiquitin signaling events and utilizes the energy from ATP hydrolysis to extract its substrate proteins from cellular structures or multiprotein complexes. A multitude of p97 cofactors have evolved which are essential to p97 function. Ubiquitin-interacting domains and p97-binding domains combine to form bi-functional cofactors, whose complexes with p97 enable the enzyme to interact with a wide range of ubiquitinated substrates. A set of mutations in p97 have been shown to cause the multisystem proteinopathy inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget's disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia. In addition, p97 inhibition has been identified as a promising approach to provoke proteotoxic stress in tumors. In this review, we will describe the cellular processes governed by p97, how the cofactors interact with both p97 and its ubiquitinated substrates, p97 enzymology and the current status in developing p97 inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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