1
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Liu X, Zheng W, Zhang L, Cao Z, Cong X, Hu Q, Hou J, Jin X, Yuan Q, Lin L, Tan J, Lu J, Zhang Y, Zhang N. Arginine methylation-dependent cGAS stability promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation. Cancer Lett 2024; 586:216707. [PMID: 38331088 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), promotes non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell proliferation. However, the specific mechanisms of cGAS-mediated NSCLC cell proliferation are largely unknown. In this study, we found asymmetric dimethylation by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) at R127 of cGAS. This facilitated the binding of deubiquitinase USP7 and contributed to deubiquitination and stabilization of cGAS. PRMT1-and USP7-dependent cGAS stability, which also played a pivotal role in accelerating NSCLC cell proliferation through activating AKT pathway. We validated that the expression of cGAS and PRMT1 were positive correlated in human non-small cell lung cancer samples. Our study demonstrates a unique mechanism for managing cGAS stability by arginine methylation and indicates that PRMT1-cGAS-USP7 axis is a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Weiguang Zheng
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyi Cao
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xianling Cong
- Department of Biobank, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Qianying Hu
- Department of Biobank, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jingyao Hou
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xin Jin
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Qingxia Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Luyao Lin
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jiang Tan
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jun Lu
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Na Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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2
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Kim S. TMPRSS4, a type II transmembrane serine protease, as a potential therapeutic target in cancer. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:716-724. [PMID: 37009799 PMCID: PMC10167312 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases are involved in almost all biological processes, implying their importance for both health and pathological conditions. Dysregulation of proteases is a key event in cancer. Initially, research identified their role in invasion and metastasis, but more recent studies have shown that proteases are involved in all stages of cancer development and progression, both directly through proteolytic activity and indirectly via regulation of cellular signaling and functions. Over the past two decades, a novel subfamily of serine proteases called type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) has been identified. Many TTSPs are overexpressed by a variety of tumors and are potential novel markers of tumor development and progression; these TTSPs are possible molecular targets for anticancer therapeutics. The transmembrane protease serine 4 (TMPRSS4), a member of the TTSP family, is upregulated in pancreatic, colorectal, gastric, lung, thyroid, prostate, and several other cancers; indeed, elevated expression of TMPRSS4 often correlates with poor prognosis. Based on its broad expression profile in cancer, TMPRSS4 has been the focus of attention in anticancer research. This review summarizes up-to-date information regarding the expression, regulation, and clinical relevance of TMPRSS4, as well as its role in pathological contexts, particularly in cancer. It also provides a general overview of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and TTSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semi Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejon, 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejon, 34113, Korea.
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3
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Qiao L, Chen Y, Liang N, Xie J, Deng G, Chen F, Wang X, Liu F, Li Y, Zhang J. Targeting Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Radioresistance: Crosslinked Mechanisms and Strategies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:775238. [PMID: 35251963 PMCID: PMC8888452 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.775238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy exerts a crucial role in curing cancer, however, its treatment efficiency is mostly limited due to the presence of radioresistance. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process that endows the cancer cells with invasive and metastatic properties, as well as radioresistance. Many potential mechanisms of EMT-related radioresistance being reported have broaden our cognition, and hint us the importance of an overall understanding of the relationship between EMT and radioresistance. This review focuses on the recent progresses involved in EMT-related mechanisms in regulating radioresistance, irradiation-mediated EMT program, and the intervention strategies to increase tumor radiosensitivity, in order to improve radiotherapy efficiency and clinical outcomes of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Qiao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guodong Deng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fangjie Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengjun Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yupeng Li
- Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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4
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Du SS, Chen GW, Yang P, Chen YX, Hu Y, Zhao QQ, Zhang Y, Liu R, Zheng DX, Zhou J, Fan J, Zeng ZC. Radiation Therapy Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immune Cloaking via PD-L1 Upregulation Induced by cGAS-STING Activation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 112:1243-1255. [PMID: 34986380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.12.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation therapy (RT) is one of the main treatments for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Emerging evidence indicates that the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway is crucial in RT-induced antitumor immune responses. Here, we discovered that activation of the cancer cell-intrinsic cGAS-STING pathway mediated immune cloaking after RT-induced DNA damage. METHODS AND MATERIALS Key regulatory proteins in the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in human and murine HCC cell lines were knocked out or down using CRISPR and CRISPR-associated protein 9 or small interfering RNA. The underlying mechanism of immune cloaking and clinical significance of cGAS-STING-induced programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression were studied with both ex vivo analyses and in vitro experiments. RESULTS RT upregulated PD-L1 in patients with HCC, which correlated with poor survival. RT activated cGAS-STING, increasing immune-checkpoint PD-L1 expression in human and mouse liver cancer cells. Ionizing radiation activated the STING-TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)-interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) innate immune pathway, leading to PD-L1 upregulation in HCC cells and inhibiting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity and protecting tumor cells from immune-mediated eradication. Knockdown of cGAS, STING, TBK1, and IRF3 reversed the antitumor effect of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity after ionizing radiation in vitro or in vivo. RT potentiated the antitumor effect of programmed cell death protein 1 and PD-L1 axis blockade and augmented cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) infiltration in HCC tumors in immunocompetent mice. CD8 depletion compromised the synergetic antitumor effect of combined RT and anti-PD-L1 blockade, demonstrating that CD8+ CTLs are required for antitumor immunity induced by combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our results identified an immune-cloaking mechanism for RT-activated, innate immune cGAS-STING and suggested that RT enhances HCC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Suo Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Gen-Wen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Xing Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Interventional Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Xue Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- and Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- and Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Chong Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Xiao H, Zhang Z, Peng D, Wei C, Ma B. Type II transmembrane serine proteases 4 (TMPRSS4) promotes proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in endometrial carcinoma cells (HEC1A and Ishikawa) via activation of MAPK and AKT. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2021; 25:211-218. [PMID: 34408809 PMCID: PMC8366621 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2021.1944311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in the developed countries. Type II transmembrane serine proteases 4 (TMPRSS4) is a newly discovered transmembrane protein, which may be related to the invasion, metastasis of the tumor and the poor prognosis. This study aims to investigate the role of TMPRSS4 in endometrial cancer and the detailed molecular mechanism. The results showed that TMPRSS4 was highly expressed in human endometrial cancer cells (HEC1A and Ishikawa). TMPRSS4 knockdown inhibited proliferation of endometrial cancer cells. In TMPRSS4 knockdown cells, the invasion of cells was significantly supressed. The expression of E-cadherin was significantly enhanced, while the levels of fibronectin and vimentin decreased in TMPRSS4 knockdown cells, which indicated thatTMPRSS4 knockdown attenuated the EMT of cancer cells. TMPRSS4 positively regulated the activation of MAPK and AKT signaling pathways in endometrial cancer. In conclusion, this study indicated that TMPRSS4 may be associated with the progression of endometrial cancer through promoting proliferation, invasion and EMT via activation of MAPK and AKT in endometrial cancer cells. TMPRSS4 may be a new and more effective target or therapeutic strategy for treating endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xiao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Huanggang Central Hospital Affiliated to Changjiang University, Huanggang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhian Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Huanggang Central Hospital Affiliated to Changjiang University, Huanggang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Peng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Huanggang Central Hospital Affiliated to Changjiang University, Huanggang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunqing Wei
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Huanggang Central Hospital Affiliated to Changjiang University, Huanggang, People's Republic of China
| | - Benling Ma
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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6
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Zhao Q, Chen Y, Du S, Yang X, Chen Y, Ji Y, Zeng Z. Integration of radiotherapy with anti-PD-1 antibody for the treatment of intrahepatic or hilar cholangiocarcinoma: reflection from four cases. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:175-183. [PMID: 33722163 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1834792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represents a clinically challenging disease with a dismal prognosis. A therapeutic plateau has been reached with traditional treatments. However, with immunotherapy advances in cancer therapy, integration of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with anti-PD-1 antibody shows a synergistic effect and high clinical efficacy in many cancer types. This combination may represent a breakthrough in the treatment of this fatal malignancy. Here, we report four cases of refractory advanced intrahepatic or hilar cholangiocarcinoma that were successfully controlled with anti-PD-1 antibody following or concurrent with SBRT. Furthermore, one case was initially unresectable; however, following this novel combined therapy, it became operable. We discuss the challenges of developing predictive biomarkers for anti-PD-1 antibody responsiveness. We also consider the regulatory effect of SBRT on the tumor microenvironment and the potential advantages of this therapy combination for treatment of intrahepatic or hilar cholangiocarcinoma. These are important considerations and provide direction for future clinical trial designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixing Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shisuo Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaochong Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Tinganelli W, Durante M. Tumor Hypoxia and Circulating Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249592. [PMID: 33339353 PMCID: PMC7766826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a rare tumor cell subpopulation induced and selected by the tumor microenvironment's extreme conditions. Under hypoxia and starvation, these aggressive and invasive cells are able to invade the lymphatic and circulatory systems. Escaping from the primary tumor, CTCs enter into the bloodstream to form metastatic deposits or re-establish themselves in cancer's primary site. Although radiotherapy is widely used to cure solid malignancies, it can promote metastasis. Radiation can disrupt the primary tumor vasculature, increasing the dissemination of CTCs. Radiation also induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and eliminates suppressive signaling, causing the proliferation of existent, but previously dormant, disseminated tumor cells (DTCs). In this review, we collect the results and evidence underlying the molecular mechanisms of CTCs and DTCs and the effects of radiation and hypoxia in developing these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Tinganelli
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany;
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Correspondence:
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8
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Xiong W, Liao Y, Qin JY, Li WH, Tang ZY. Adverse effects of chemoradiotherapy on invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. Genes Dis 2020; 7:351-358. [PMID: 32884989 PMCID: PMC7452502 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of enhanced invasion and metastasis of residual tumor cells has been observed in an increasing number of patients receiving chemoradiotherapy recently, and tumor metastasis will undoubtedly limit patient prognosis. However, the key mechanism by which chemoradiotherapy affects the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells remains unclear. Studies have shown that chemoradiotherapy may directly act on tumor cells and alter the tumor microenvironment, or induce cell apoptosis and autophagy to promote tumor cell survival and metastasis. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanisms by which chemoradiotherapy may affect the biological behavior of tumor cells and open up new avenues for reducing tumor recurrence and metastasis after treatment. These insights will improve the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- The Department of Radiation Oncology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yong Liao
- Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji-Yong Qin
- The Department of Radiation Oncology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Hui Li
- The Department of Radiation Oncology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhao-You Tang
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Chen JB, Kong XF, Lv YY, Qin SC, Sun XJ, Mu F, Lu TY, Xu KC. "Real world survey" of hydrogen-controlled cancer: a follow-up report of 82 advanced cancer patients. Med Gas Res 2020; 9:115-121. [PMID: 31552873 PMCID: PMC6779007 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.266985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced cancer treatment is a huge challenge and new ideas and strategies are required. Hydrogen exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that may be exploited to control cancer, the occurrence and progression of which is closely related to peroxidation and inflammation. We conducted a prospective follow-up study of 82 patients with stage III and IV cancer treated with hydrogen inhalation using the "real world evidence" method. After 3-46 months of follow-up, 12 patients died in stage IV. After 4 weeks of hydrogen inhalation, patients reported significant improvements in fatigue, insomnia, anorexia and pain. Furthermore, 41.5% of patients had improved physical status, with the best effect achieved in lung cancer patients and the poorest in patients with pancreatic and gynecologic cancers. Of the 58 cases with one or more abnormal tumor markers elevated, the markers were decreased at 13-45 days (median 23 days) after hydrogen inhalation in 36.2%. The greatest marker decrease was in achieved lung cancer and the lowest in pancreatic and hepatic malignancies. Of the 80 cases with tumors visible in imaging, the total disease control rate was 57.5%, with complete and partial remission appearing at 21-80 days (median 55 days) after hydrogen inhalation. The disease control rate was significantly higher in stage III patients than in stage IV patients (83.0% and 47.7%, respectively), with the lowest disease control rate in pancreatic cancer patients. No hematological toxicity was observed although minor adverse reactions that resolved spontaneously were seen in individual cases. In patients with advanced cancer, inhaled hydrogen can improve patients' quality-of-life and control cancer progression. Hydrogen inhalation is a simple, low-cost treatment with few adverse reactions that warrants further investigation as a strategy for clinical rehabilitation of patients with advanced cancer. The study protocol received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Fuda Cancer Hospital of Jinan University on December 7, 2018 (approval number: Fuda20181207).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Bing Chen
- Department of Cancer Rehabilitation, Fuda Cancer Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Kong
- Research Center of Hydrogen Medicine, Xukecheng Health Care Studio of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - You-Yong Lv
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Cancer Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Cun Qin
- Institute of Hydrogen Medicine, Shandong Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue-Jun Sun
- Institute of Diving Medicine, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Mu
- Department of Cancer Rehabilitation, Fuda Cancer Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tian-Yu Lu
- Department of Cancer Rehabilitation, Fuda Cancer Hospital of Jinan University; Research Center of Hydrogen Medicine, Xukecheng Health Care Studio of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Xu
- Department of Cancer Rehabilitation, Fuda Cancer Hospital of Jinan University; Research Center of Hydrogen Medicine, Xukecheng Health Care Studio of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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10
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Dai PL, Du XS, Hou Y, Li L, Xia YX, Wang L, Chen HX, Chang L, Li WH. Different Proteins Regulated Apoptosis, Proliferation and Metastasis of Lung Adenocarcinoma After Radiotherapy at Different Time. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:2437-2447. [PMID: 32308480 PMCID: PMC7135201 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s219967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The biological changes after irradiation in lung cancer cells are important to reduce recurrence and metastasis of lung cancer. To optimize radiotherapy of lung adenocarcinoma, our study systematically explored the mechanisms of biological behaviors in residual A549 and XWLC-05 cells after irradiation. Methods Colony formation assay, cell proliferation assay, cell migration assay, flow cytometry, BALB/C-nu mice xenograft models and Western blot of pan-AKT, p-Akt380, p-Akt473, PCNA, DNA-PKCS, KU70, KU80, CD133, CD144, MMP2 and P53 were used in our study to assess biological changes after irradiation with 0, 4 and 8 Gy at 0–336 hr after irradiation in vitro and 20 Gy at transplantation group, irradiated transplantation group, residual tumor 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days groups in vivo. Results The ability of cell proliferation and radiosensitivity of residual XWLC-05 cells was better than A549 cells after radiation in vivo and in vitro. MMP-2 has statistical differences in vitro and in vivo and increased with the migratory ability of cells in vitro. PCNA and P53 have statistical differences in XWLC-05 and A549 cells and the changes of them are similar to the proliferation of residual cells within first 336 hr after irradiation in vitro. Pan-AKT increased after irradiation, and residual tumor 21-day group (1.5722) has statistic differences between transplantation group (0.9763, p=0.018) and irradiated transplantation group (0.8455, p=0.006) in vivo. Pan-AKT rose to highest when 21-day after residual tumor reach to 0.5 mm2. MMP2 has statistical differences between transplantation group (0.4619) and residual tumor 14-day group (0.8729, p=0.043). P53 has statistical differences between residual tumor 7-day group (0.6184) and residual tumor 28 days group (1.0394, p=0.007). DNA-PKCS has statistical differences between residual tumor 28 days group (1.1769) and transplantation group (0.2483, p=0.010), irradiated transplantation group (0.1983, p=0.002) and residual tumor 21 days group (0.2017, p=0.003), residual tumor 0 days group (0.5992) and irradiated transplantation group (0.1983, p=0.027) and residual tumor 21 days group (0.2017, p=0.002). KU80 and KU70 have no statistical differences at any time point. Conclusion Different proteins regulated apoptosis, proliferation and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma after radiotherapy at different times. MMP-2 might regulate metastasis ability of XWLC-05 and A549 cells in vitro and in vivo. PCNA and P53 may play important roles in proliferation of vitro XWLC-05 and A549 cells within first 336 hr after irradiation in vitro. After that, P53 may through PI3K/AKT pathway regulate cell proliferation after irradiation in vitro. DNA-PKCS may play a more important role in DNA damage repair than KU70 and KU80 after 336 hr in vitro because it rapidly rose than KU70 and KU80 after irradiation. Different cells have different time rhythm in apoptosis, proliferation and metastasis after radiotherapy. Time rhythm of cells after irradiation should be delivered and more attention should be paid to resist cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Dai
- Radiotherapy Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, People's Republic of China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, People's Republic of China
| | - X S Du
- Oncology Department, The Fifth People's Hospital of Huaian, Jiangsu 223001, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Hou
- Radiotherapy Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, People's Republic of China
| | - L Li
- Radiotherapy Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, People's Republic of China
| | - Y X Xia
- Radiotherapy Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, People's Republic of China
| | - L Wang
- Radiotherapy Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, People's Republic of China
| | - H X Chen
- Radiotherapy Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, People's Republic of China
| | - L Chang
- Radiotherapy Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, People's Republic of China
| | - W H Li
- Radiotherapy Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, People's Republic of China
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Assani G, Segbo J, Yu X, Yessoufou A, Xiong Y, Zhou F, Zhou Y. Downregulation of TMPRSS4 Enhances Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Radiosensitivity Through Cell Cycle and Cell Apoptosis Process Impairment. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3679-3687. [PMID: 31870109 PMCID: PMC7173382 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.12.3679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Radioresistance remains a challenge for cancer radiotherapy. The present study aims to investigate the role of TMPRSS4 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell radiosensitivity. Materials and Methods: After transfection of MDA-MD-468 triple negative breast cancer cells line by using the lentivirus vector, the effect of TMPRSS4 down-regulation on TNBC radiosensitivity was evaluated by using cloning assay and CCK-8 assay. The CCK-8 assay was also used for performing cell proliferation analysis. Western blot was carried out to detect the expression of certain proteins related to cell cycle pathways (cyclin D1), cell apoptosis pathways (Bax, Bcl2, and Caspase3), DNA damage and DNA damage repair (TRF2, Ku80 , ˠH2AX) . The cell cycle and cell apoptosis were also investigated using flow cytometer analysis. Results: TMPRSS4 expression was down-regulated in MDA-MB-468 cells which enhanced MDA-MB-468 cells radiosensitivity. TMPRSS4 silencing also improved IR induced cell proliferation ability reduction and promoted cell arrested at G2/M phase mediated by 6 Gy IR associated with cyclin D1 expression inhibition. Moreover, TMPRSS4 inhibition enhanced TNBC apoptosis induced by 6 Gy IR following by over-expression of (Bax, Caspase3) and down-regulation of Bcl2 as the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins, respectively. Otherwise, TMPRSS4 down-regulation increases DNA damage induced by 6 Gy IR and delays DNA damage repair respectively illustrated by downregulation of TRF2 and permanent increase of Ku80 and ˠH2AX expression at 1 h and 10 h post-IR. Conclusion: Down-regulation of TMPRSS4 increases triple negative breast cancer cell radiosensitivity and the use of TMPRSS4 inhibitor can be encouraged for improving radiotherapy effectiveness in TNBC radioresistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganiou Assani
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors; Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Julien Segbo
- University of Abomey Calavi, BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors; Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Yudi Xiong
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors; Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors; Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors; Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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12
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Exposito F, Villalba M, Redrado M, de Aberasturi AL, Cirauqui C, Redin E, Guruceaga E, de Andrea C, Vicent S, Ajona D, Montuenga LM, Pio R, Calvo A. Targeting of TMPRSS4 sensitizes lung cancer cells to chemotherapy by impairing the proliferation machinery. Cancer Lett 2019; 453:21-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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13
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The increased adhesion of tumor cells to endothelial cells after irradiation can be reduced by FAK-inhibition. Radiat Oncol 2019; 14:25. [PMID: 30717801 PMCID: PMC6360706 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-019-1230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy is administered in more than 60% of all solid tumors. Most patients are cured but a significant number develops local recurrences or distant metastases. The question arises if irradiation might influence the metastatic process. In the present study we examined whether the adhesion of glioblastoma or breast cancer cells to endothelial cells, an important step in metastasis, is affected by photon irradiation. Methods U-87 MG, U-373 MG and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells as well as primary human endothelial cells were irradiated with 0, 2, 4, or 8 Gy photons at a dose rate of 5 Gy/min. The adhesion of cancer cells to endothelial cells was tested either with the Vybrant based assay via fluorescent labelling or with an ibidi pump system able to mimic the physiological blood flow in vitro. In addition, the impact of FAK (focal adhesion kinase) inhibitor PF-573, 228 on the adhesion of non-irradiated and irradiated tumor cells was analyzed. Adhesion related and regulated proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. Results The cellular adhesion was increased after irradiation regardless of which cell type was irradiated. The FAK-inhibitor was able to reduce the adhesion of non-irradiated cells but also the irradiation-induced increase in adhesion of tumor cells to endothelium. Adhesion related proteins were enhanced after irradiation with 4 Gy or 8 Gy in both cells types. The increased adhesion after irradiation is accompanied by the phosphorylation of src (Y416), FAK (Y397) and increased expression of paxillin. Conclusion Irradiation with photons in therapeutic doses is able to enhance the interaction between tumor cells and endothelial cells and by that might influence important steps of the metastatic process.
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14
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Liu X, Wang J, Chen M, Liu S, Yu X, Wen F. Combining data from TCGA and GEO databases and reverse transcription quantitative PCR validation to identify gene prognostic markers in lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:709-720. [PMID: 30718962 PMCID: PMC6345189 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s183944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to predict and explore the possible mechanism and clinical value of genetic markers in the development of lung cancer with a combined database to screen the prognostic genes of lung cancer. Materials and methods Common differential genes in two gene expression chips (GSE3268 and GSE10072 datasets) were investigated by collecting and calculating from Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases using R language. Five markers of gene composition (ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 [RRM2], trophoblast glycoprotein [TPBG], transmembrane protease serine 4[TMPRFF4], chloride intracellular channel 3 [CLIC3], and WNT inhibitory factor-1 [WIF1]) were found by the stepwise Cox regression function when we further screened combinations of gene models, which were more meaningful for prognosis. By analyzing the correlation between gene markers and clinicopathological parameters of lung cancer and its effect on prognosis, the TPBG gene was selected to analyze differential expression, its possible pathways and functions were predicted using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and its protein interaction network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database; then, quantitative PCR and the Oncomine database were used to verify the expression differences of TPBG in lung cancer cells and tissues. Results The expression levels of five genetic markers were correlated with survival prognosis, and the total survival time of the patients with high expression of the genetic markers was shorter than those with low expression (P<0.001). GSEA showed that these high-expression samples enriched the gene sets of cell adhesion, cytokine receptor interaction pathway, extracellular matrix receptor pathway, adhesion pathway, skeleton protein regulation, cancer pathway and TGF-β pathway. Conclusion The high expression of five gene constituent markers is a poor prognostic factor in lung cancer and may serve as an effective biomarker for predicting metastasis and prognosis of patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China, .,Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China, .,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shilan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuqiang Wen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China, .,Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China,
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15
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Zhang H, Song Y, Zhou C, Bai Y, Yuan D, Pan Y, Shao C. Blocking Endogenous H 2S Signaling Attenuated Radiation-Induced Long-Term Metastasis of Residual HepG2 Cells through Inhibition of EMT. Radiat Res 2018; 190:374-384. [PMID: 30016218 DOI: 10.1667/rr15074.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after radiotherapy are frequently observed in clinical practice. To date, the involved mechanism, endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S), has not been well understood and warrants investigation. Here we demonstrated that both single-dose and fractionated irradiation enhanced metastasis of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo at 20-60 days postirradiation. In particular, a gain in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal features was observed. Further experiments revealed that endogenous H2S signaling was constitutively activated after irradiation. Knockdown of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) or cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), two main H2S-producing proteins, significantly diminished the increased expressions of EMT-related proteins induced by radiation through the p38MAPK pathway, leading to impaired invasion and metastasis of the residual HepG2 cells and their xenograft tumors. Moreover, blocking of the H2S pathway increased the radiosensitivity of the HepG2 xenograft tumor. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that endogenous H2S/CSE contributes to the long-term cell invasion and tumor metastasis induced by fractionated exposures and therefore, could become an attractive therapeutic target of HCC to eliminate radiotherapy-induced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yimeng Song
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cuiping Zhou
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dexiao Yuan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunlin Shao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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16
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Elimination plus Transformation-Chinese and Western Medicine Integration Brings Hope to Protracted War on Cancer. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 24:563-567. [PMID: 29915909 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-2990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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17
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The upregulation of TMPRSS4, partly ascribed to the downregulation of miR‑125a‑5p, promotes the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma via the NF‑κB signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:148-158. [PMID: 29750426 PMCID: PMC5958727 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, with the aid of microarray technology, transmembrane protease serine 4 (TMPRSS4), a novel member of the serine protease family, was found to be upregulated in the majority of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues compared to normal lung tissues. Of note, the clinical significance of TMPRSS4 in LUAD has not yet been reported, at least to the best of our knowledge. Through immunohistochemistry assays, we found that TMPRSS4 was overexpressed in LUAD tissues and that the TMPRSS4 expression level was also proportionally associated with the AJCC clinical stage, T stage and pathological grade. Moreover, a high expression of TMPRSS4 was found to be associated with adverse outcomes and was a significant independent factors predicting a poor prognosis. To elucidate the possible mechanisms responsible for the overexpression of TMPRSS4, we examined at microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs), which are small non-coding RNAs commonly dysregulated in human malignancies and are known to promote carcinogenesis by interacting with other types of RNAs. By means of bioinformatics analysis, a miRNA potentially targeting TMPRSS4 mRNA, namely miR-125a-5p, was selected. Dual luciferase reporter gene assays were then performed to verify the interaction. The results of MTT assays and apoptotic assays revealed that miR-125a-5p significantly inhibited cell growth and enhanced apoptosis, and the silencing of TMPRSS4 had similar effects. Furthermore, we observed that either the overexpression of miR-125a-5p or the silencing of TMPRSS4 prevented the activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway. On the whole, our findings illustrate that TMPRSS4 may be a candidate oncogene and may thus serve as a prognostic biomarker for LUAD, and its overexpression may be partly ascribed to the downregulation of miR-125a-5p. The dysregulation of miR-125a-5p and TMPRSS4 affect the biological function of LUAD cells via the NF-κB signaling pathway. The miR-125a-5p/TMPRSS4/NF-κB axis may thus provide novel insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of LUAD and may be used in the development of novel treatment strategies for LUAD.
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18
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Xiu G, Sui X, Wang Y, Zhang Z. FOXM1 regulates radiosensitivity of lung cancer cell partly by upregulating KIF20A. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:79-85. [PMID: 29704495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1), an important regulator of tumorigenesis in various human tumors, has recently been reported to play a role in the modulation of radiosensitivity in glioma and breast cancer cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of FOXM1 on radiotherapy resistance in human lung cancer and to explore the related molecular mechanisms. The results revealed that FOXM1 expression was upregulated in A549 and H1299 cells after IR (Ionizing radiation). FOXM1 inhibition impeded survival fractions, impeded proliferation, and triggered apoptosis after IR. Moreover, the silencing of FOXM1 dampened cell migration, invasion, and EMT (epithelial-mesenchyman transition) in A549 and H1299 cells treated by IR. In addition, KIF20A was also highly expressed in IR-treated A549 cells and downregulated by FOXM1 inhibition. Knockdown of KIF20A inhibited the survival fraction. Reintroduction of KIF20A partly reversed the effects of FOXM1 on the proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis of A549 cells. Taken together, these results indicated that FOXM1 might enhance radioresistance partly through the induction of KIF20A expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Xiu
- No.1 Radiotherapy Department, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, China.
| | - Xiujie Sui
- No.1 Radiotherapy Department, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- No.1 Radiotherapy Department, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- No.1 Radiotherapy Department, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, China
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19
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Dong L, Zhang X, Xiang W, Ni J, Zhou W, Li H. Post-transcription mediated Snail stabilization is involved in radiation exposure induced invasion and migration of hepatocarcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:767-772. [PMID: 29684855 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidences suggested that radiotherapy can paradoxically promote tumor invasion and metastatic processes, while its detailed mechanism is not well illustrated. Our present study found that radiation can promote the migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells via induction of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), which was evidenced by the results that radiation induced up regulation of vimentin while down regulation of E-Cadherin. As to the EMT-related transcription factors, radiation increased the expression of Snail, while not Slug, ZEB1 or TWIST. This was confirmed by the results that radiation increased the nuclear translocation of Snail in HCC cells. However, radiation had no effect on the expression or half-life of Snail mRNA. In HCC cells treated by cycloheximide (CHX, the translation inhibitor), radiation significantly increased the half-life of Snail protein, which suggested that radiation increased the expression of Snail via up regulation of its protein stability. Radiation increased the expression of COP9 signalosome 2 (CSN2), which has been reported to block the ubiquitination and degradation of Snail. Silence of CSN2/Snail can attenuate radiation induced cell migration and EMT of HCC cells. Collectively, our data suggested that radiation can promote HCC cell invasion and EMT by stabilization of Snail via CSN2 signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Dong
- Departments of Invasive Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xuebang Zhang
- Departments of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Departments of Invasive Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Junwei Ni
- Departments of Invasive Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Weizhong Zhou
- Departments of Invasive Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Departments of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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20
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Kim EM, Jung CH, Song JY, Park JK, Um HD. Pro-apoptotic Bax promotes mesenchymal-epithelial transition by binding to respiratory complex-I and antagonizing the malignant actions of pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins. Cancer Lett 2018; 424:127-135. [PMID: 29596889 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The plasticity of solid tumors between the epithelial and mesenchymal states critically influences their malignant progression and metastasis. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which supports cancer cell invasion and metastasis, is promoted by pro-survival members (e.g., Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL) of the Bcl-2 protein family, which are well-known key apoptosis regulators. We found that Bcl-w, another pro-survival member, promotes EMT by increasing respiratory complex-I activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In contrast, pro-apoptotic Bax facilitates mesenchymal-epithelial transition by binding to complex-I, which inhibits complex-I-induced ROS production. Functional antagonism between pro-survival and pro-apoptotic proteins in regulating tumor plasticity was directly confirmed by co-expressing Bax with Bcl-w or Bcl-XL. Therefore, the balance between the functionally opposing Bcl-2 proteins appears to be a critical determinant of cancer cell phenotypes. We further showed that sub-lethal doses of γ-radiation induced EMT by increasing Bcl-XL and Bcl-w levels and complex-I activity. We propose that Bcl-2 proteins and complex-I are potential targets for preventing tumor progression and the malignant actions of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Kim
- Division of Applied Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan-Hun Jung
- Division of Applied Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jie-Young Song
- Division of Applied Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Kuk Park
- Division of Applied Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-Duck Um
- Division of Applied Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.
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Valero-Jiménez A, Zúñiga J, Cisneros J, Becerril C, Salgado A, Checa M, Buendía-Roldán I, Mendoza-Milla C, Gaxiola M, Pardo A, Selman M. Transmembrane protease, serine 4 (TMPRSS4) is upregulated in IPF lungs and increases the fibrotic response in bleomycin-induced lung injury. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192963. [PMID: 29529050 PMCID: PMC5846721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease characterized by epithelial cell activation, expansion of the fibroblast population and excessive extracellular matrix accumulation. The mechanisms are incompletely understood but evidence indicates that the deregulation of several proteases contributes to its pathogenesis. Transmembrane protease serine 4 (TMPRSS4) is a novel type II transmembrane serine protease that may promote migration and facilitate epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), two critical processes in the pathogenesis of IPF. Thus, we hypothesized that over-expression of TMPRSS4 in the lung could promote the initiation and/or progression of IPF. In this study we first evaluated the expression and localization of TMPRSS4 in IPF lungs by real time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Then we examined the lung fibrotic response in wild-type and TMPRSS4 deficient mice using the bleomycin-induced lung injury model. We found that this protease is upregulated in IPF lungs, where was primarily expressed by epithelial and mast cells. Paralleling the findings in vivo, TMPRSS4 was expressed by alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells in vitro and unexpectedly, provoked an increase of E-cadherin. No expression was observed in normal human or IPF lung fibroblasts. The lung fibrotic response evaluated at 28 days after bleomycin injury was markedly attenuated in the haplodeficient and deficient TMPRSS4 mice. By morphology, a significant reduction of the fibrotic index was observed in KO and heterozygous mice which was confirmed by measurement of collagen content (hydroxyproline: WT: 164±21.1 μg/lung versus TMPRSS4 haploinsufficient: 110.2±14.3 μg/lung and TMPRSS4 deficient mice: 114.1±24.2 μg/lung (p<0.01). As in IPF, TMPRSS4 was also expressed in epithelial and mast cells. These findings indicate that TMPRSS4 is upregulated in IPF lungs and that may have a profibrotic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valero-Jiménez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Cisneros
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carina Becerril
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alfonso Salgado
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marco Checa
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ivette Buendía-Roldán
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Criselda Mendoza-Milla
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Miguel Gaxiola
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Annie Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Moisés Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
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Locally Ablative Radiation Therapy of a Primary Human Small Cell Lung Cancer Tumor Decreases the Number of Spontaneous Metastases in Two Xenograft Models. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 100:1044-1056. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Hong SW, Hur W, Choi JE, Kim JH, Hwang D, Yoon SK. Role of ADAM17 in invasion and migration of CD133-expressing liver cancer stem cells after irradiation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23482-97. [PMID: 26993601 PMCID: PMC5029641 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the biological role of CD133-expressing liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) enriched after irradiation of Huh7 cells in cell invasion and migration. We also explored whether a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17 (ADAM17) influences the metastatic potential of CSC-enriched hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells after irradiation. A CD133-expressing Huh7 cell subpopulation showed greater resistance to sublethal irradiation and specifically enhanced cell invasion and migration capabilities. We also demonstrated that the radiation-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzyme activities as well as the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor were increased more predominantly in Huh7CD133+ cell subpopulations than Huh7CD133− cell subpopulations. Furthermore, we showed that silencing ADAM17 significantly inhibited the migration and invasiveness of enriched Huh7CD133+ cells after irradiation; moreover, Notch signaling was significantly reduced in irradiated CD133-expressing liver CSCs following stable knockdown of the ADAM17 gene. In conclusion, our findings indicate that CD133-expressing liver CSCs have considerable metastatic capabilities after irradiation of HCC cells, and their metastatic capabilities might be maintained by ADAM17. Therefore, suppression of ADAM17 shows promise for improving the efficiency of current radiotherapies and reducing the metastatic potential of liver CSCs during HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Hong
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhee Hur
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Choi
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kew Yoon
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hong SW, Hur W, Choi JE, Kim JH, Hwang D, Yoon SK. Role of ADAM17 in invasion and migration of CD133-expressing liver cancer stem cells after irradiation. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 26993601 DOI: 0.18632/oncotarget.8112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the biological role of CD133-expressing liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) enriched after irradiation of Huh7 cells in cell invasion and migration. We also explored whether a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17 (ADAM17) influences the metastatic potential of CSC-enriched hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells after irradiation. A CD133-expressing Huh7 cell subpopulation showed greater resistance to sublethal irradiation and specifically enhanced cell invasion and migration capabilities. We also demonstrated that the radiation-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzyme activities as well as the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor were increased more predominantly in Huh7CD133+ cell subpopulations than Huh7CD133- cell subpopulations. Furthermore, we showed that silencing ADAM17 significantly inhibited the migration and invasiveness of enriched Huh7CD133+ cells after irradiation; moreover, Notch signaling was significantly reduced in irradiated CD133-expressing liver CSCs following stable knockdown of the ADAM17 gene. In conclusion, our findings indicate that CD133-expressing liver CSCs have considerable metastatic capabilities after irradiation of HCC cells, and their metastatic capabilities might be maintained by ADAM17. Therefore, suppression of ADAM17 shows promise for improving the efficiency of current radiotherapies and reducing the metastatic potential of liver CSCs during HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Hong
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhee Hur
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Choi
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kew Yoon
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Yuan H, Chen Z, Bai S, Wei H, Wang Y, Ji R, Guo Q, Li Q, Ye Y, Wu J, Zhou Y, Qiao L. Molecular mechanisms of lncRNA SMARCC2/miR-551b-3p/TMPRSS4 axis in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 418:84-96. [PMID: 29337109 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Decreased expression of miR-551b-3p has been identified in gastric cancer tissues but its biological role and underlying mechanism in this malignancy is poorly understood. In this study, we show that the expression of miR-551b-3p negatively correlates with the depth of tumour invasion and lymphatic metastasis, but it positively correlates with tumour differentiation and the patient survival. MiR-551b-3p negatively affects the proliferation, mobility and invasiveness of gastric cancer cells. LncRNA SMARCC2 inhibits the expression of miR-551b-3p through binding to its mRNA response elements in gastric cancer cells. Overexpression of LncRNA SMARCC2 enhances the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells, while inhibition of LncRNA SMARCC2 does the opposite. TMPRSS4 is a direct target gene of miR-551b-3p. We conclude that miR-551b-3p functions as a tumour suppressor gene in gastric cancer, and its function is regulated by LncRNA SMARCC2/miR-551b-3p/TMPRSS4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Zhaofeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Suyang Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Hui Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Rui Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Qinghong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Yuwei Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongning Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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26
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Mason J, Blyth B, MacManus MP, Martin OA. Treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer and circulating tumor cells. Lung Cancer Manag 2017; 6:129-139. [PMID: 30643579 PMCID: PMC6310303 DOI: 10.2217/lmt-2017-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgery is the main curative therapy for patients with localized non-small-cell lung cancer while radiotherapy (RT), alone or with concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy, remains the primary curative modality for locoregionally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. The risk of distant metastasis is high after curative-intent treatment, largely attributable to the presence of undetected micrometastases, but which could also be related to treatment-related increases in circulating tumor cells (CTCs). CTC mobilization by RT or systemic therapies might either reflect efficient tumor destruction with improved prognosis, or might promote metastasis and thus represent a potential therapeutic target. RT may induce prometastatic biological alterations in CTC at the cellular level, which are detectable by 'liquid biopsies', though their rarity represents a major challenge. Improved methods of isolation and ex vivo propagation will be essential for the future of CTC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Mason
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin Blyth
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael P MacManus
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Olga A Martin
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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27
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Murray AS, Varela FA, List K. Type II transmembrane serine proteases as potential targets for cancer therapy. Biol Chem 2017; 397:815-26. [PMID: 27078673 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is accompanied by increased protein and activity levels of extracellular cell-surface proteases that are capable of modifying the tumor microenvironment by directly cleaving the extracellular matrix, as well as activating growth factors and proinflammatory mediators involved in proliferation and invasion of cancer cells, and recruitment of inflammatory cells. These complex processes ultimately potentiate neoplastic progression leading to local tumor cell invasion, entry into the vasculature, and metastasis to distal sites. Several members of the type II transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) family have been shown to play critical roles in cancer progression. In this review the knowledge collected over the past two decades about the molecular mechanisms underlying the pro-cancerous properties of selected TTSPs will be summarized. Furthermore, we will discuss how these insights may facilitate the translation into clinical settings in the future by specifically targeting TTSPs as part of novel cancer treatment regimens.
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28
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TMPRSS4 promotes cancer stem cell traits by regulating CLDN1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:906-912. [PMID: 28651932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Encouraging advances in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) have been achieved; however, a considerable part of patients still relapse or metastasize after therapy, and the underlying mechanisms have not been clarified yet. Here, we found that CLDN1 was markedly up-regulated in HCC tissues, and correlated with poor prognosis. Overexpression of CLDN1 dramatically promoted the capability of tumorsphere formation and cancer stem cell (CSC) traits. Furthermore, we found that TMPRSS4 was up-regulated in HCC tissues and there was a positive correlation between TMPRSS4 and CLDN1. In addition, the expression of CLDN1 was regulated by TMPRSS4. Moreover, TMPRSS4 mediated CSC properties and up-regulated CLDN1 by activating ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Taken together, our results revealed that CLDN1 contributed to CSC features of HCC, which was altered by TMPRSS4 expression via ERK1/2 signaling pathway, providing promising targets for novel specific therapies.
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29
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Li Z, Xu Y, Wang Q, Xie C, Liu Y, Tu Z. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 induced hepatocellular carcinoma cell differentiation. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 24:95-102. [PMID: 28053577 PMCID: PMC5199000 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of over-expression of tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) on the differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells (Hep3B and HepG2). The TFPI-2 recombinant adenovirus (pAd-TFPI-2) was constructed using the pAdeasy-1 vector system. Transfected by pAd-TFPI-2, the cell proliferation of HCC cells was evaluated by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and CD133 expression. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of markers of hepatocellular cancer stem cells (CSC) and hepatocytes. The over-expression of TFPI-2 significantly suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and dramatically decreased the percentage of CD133 cells, which was considered as CSC in HCC. Real-time PCR and Western blot showed that the expression of markers of CSC in Hep3B cells and HepG2 cells infected with pAd-TFPI-2 was markedly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05), while the expression of markers of hepatocytes was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Hence, TFPI-2 could induce the differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells into hepatocytes, and is expected to serve as a novel way for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Pingshan People's Hospital, Guangdong 518118, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Changli Xie
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yincui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhiguang Tu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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30
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Martin OA, Anderson RL, Narayan K, MacManus MP. Does the mobilization of circulating tumour cells during cancer therapy cause metastasis? Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2016; 14:32-44. [PMID: 27550857 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite progressive improvements in the management of patients with locoregionally confined, advanced-stage solid tumours, distant metastasis remains a very common - and usually fatal - mode of failure after attempted curative treatment. Surgery and radiotherapy are the primary curative modalities for these patients, often combined with each other and/or with chemotherapy. Distant metastasis occurring after treatment can arise from previously undetected micrometastases or, alternatively, from persistent locoregional disease. Another possibility is that treatment itself might sometimes cause or promote metastasis. Surgical interventions in patients with cancer, including biopsies, are commonly associated with increased concentrations of circulating tumour cells (CTCs). High CTC numbers are associated with an unfavourable prognosis in many cancers. Radiotherapy and systemic antitumour therapies might also mobilize CTCs. We review the preclinical and clinical data concerning cancer treatments, CTC mobilization and other factors that might promote metastasis. Contemporary treatment regimens represent the best available curative options for patients who might otherwise die from locally confined, advanced-stage cancers; however, if such treatments can promote metastasis, this process must be understood and addressed therapeutically to improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Martin
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Grattan street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Robin L Anderson
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Grattan street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kailash Narayan
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Grattan street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Grattan street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Michael P MacManus
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Grattan street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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31
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Yao YH, Cui Y, Qiu XN, Zhang LZ, Zhang W, Li H, Yu JM. Attenuated LKB1-SIK1 signaling promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and radioresistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2016; 35:50. [PMID: 27266881 PMCID: PMC4897817 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-016-0113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy is one of the main therapeutic approaches for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, radioresistant cancer cells can eventually cause tumor relapse and even fatal metastasis. It is thought that radioresistance and metastasis could be potentially linked by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we established radioresistant NSCLC cells to investigate the potential relationship among radioresistance, EMT, and enhanced metastatic potential and the underlying mechanism involving liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-Salt-inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) signaling. Methods The radioresistant cell lines A549R and H1299R were generated by dose-gradient irradiation of the parental A549 and H1299 cells. The radioresistance/sensitivity was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, apoptosis analysis, and/or clonogenic cell survival assay. The EMT phenotype and the signaling change were assessed by Western blotting. The abilities of invasion and migration were evaluated by transwell assays and wound healing assays. Results The radioresistant cell lines A549R and H1299R displayed mesenchymal features with enhanced invasion and migration. Mechanistically, A549R and H1299R cells had attenuated LKB1-SIK1 signaling, which leaded to the up-regulation of Zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox factor 1 (ZEB1)—a transcription factor that drives EMT. Re-expression of LKB1 in A549R cells reversed the EMT phenotype, whereas knockdown of LKB1 in H1299R cells further promoted the EMT phenotype. Moreover, re-expression of LKB1 in A549 cells increased the radiosensitivity, whereas knockdown of LKB1 in H1299 cells decreased the radiosensitivity. Conclusions Our findings suggest that attenuated LKB1-SIK1 signaling promotes EMT and radioresistance of NSCLC cells, which subsequently contributes to the enhanced metastatic potential. Targeting the LKB1-SIK1-ZEB1 pathway to suppress EMT might provide therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hu Yao
- Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P. R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yan Cui
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Xiang-Nan Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Long-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Therapies for Tumors, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Therapies for Tumors, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Ming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, P. R. China.
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32
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Ilamathi M, Hemanth R, Nishanth S, Sivaramakrishnan V. Identification of potential transmembrane protease serine 4 inhibitors as anti-cancer agents by integrated computational approach. J Theor Biol 2016; 389:253-62. [PMID: 26590327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane protease serine 4 is a well known cell surface protease facilitating the extracellular matrix degradation and epithelial mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Henceforth targeting transmembrane protease serine 4 is strongly believed to provide therapeutic intervention against hepatocellular carcinoma. Owing to lack of crystal structure for human transmembrane protease serine 4, we predicted its three dimensional structure for the first time in this study. Experimentally proven inhibitor-Tyroserleutide (TSL) against hepatocellular carcinoma via transmembrane protease serine 4 was used as a benchmark to identify structurally similar candidates from PubChem database to create the TSL library. Virtual screening of TSL library against modeled transmembrane protease serine 4 revealed the top four potential inhibitors. Further binding free energy (ΔGbind) analysis of the potential inhibitors revealed the best potential lead compound against transmembrane protease serine 4. Drug likeliness nature of the top four potential hits were additionally analyzed in comparison to TSL to confirm on the best potential lead compound with the highest % of human oral absorption. Consequently, e-pharmacophore mapping of the best potential lead compound yielded a six point feature. It was observed to contain four hydrogen bond donor sites (D), one positively ionizable site (P) and one aromatic ring (R). Such e-pharmacophore insight obtained from structural determinants by integrated computational analysis could serve as a framework for further advancement of drug discovery process of new anti-cancer agents with less toxicity and high specificity targeting transmembrane protease serine 4 and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ilamathi
- Cardiomyocyte Toxicity and Oncology Research Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - R Hemanth
- Cardiomyocyte Toxicity and Oncology Research Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - S Nishanth
- Cardiomyocyte Toxicity and Oncology Research Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - V Sivaramakrishnan
- Cardiomyocyte Toxicity and Oncology Research Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India.
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33
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Pan Y, Zhou C, Yuan D, Zhang J, Shao C. Radiation Exposure Promotes Hepatocarcinoma Cell Invasion through Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Mediated by H2S/CSE Pathway. Radiat Res 2016; 185:96-105. [PMID: 26727544 DOI: 10.1667/rr14177.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence to suggest that radiotherapy can paradoxically promote tumor invasion and metastatic processes, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. In this study, we found that exposure to X rays promoted cell invasion by triggering the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in two hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5. This was made evident by a reduced expression of E-cadherin and enhanced expressions of N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail. Moreover, exposure to radiation stimulated the signaling of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a newly found gas transmitter, by upregulating the expressions of H2S-producing proteins of cysthionine-γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS). Inhibition of CSE by siRNA or inhibitor not only increased the radiosensitivity but also strongly suppressed radiation-enhanced invasive properties of HCC cells. Interestingly, we found that H2S/CSE inhibition attenuated radiation-enhanced EMT, and the above effect was an end result of blockage of the radiation-activated pathway of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK). Collectively, our findings indicate that radiation could promote HCC cell invasion through EMT mediated by endogenous H2S/CSE signaling via the p38MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Pan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cuiping Zhou
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dexiao Yuan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianghong Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunlin Shao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Lu L, Lu M, Pei Y, Chen J, Qin L, Zhu W, Jia H. Down-regulation of SDF1-α expression in tumor microenvironment is associated with aspirin-mediated suppression of the pro-metastasis effect of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:988-96. [PMID: 26607439 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is considered to be the first-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It significantly delays tumor progression time; however, it increases the invasive and metastatic potential of HCC. Recent studies have shown that aspirin is effective in preventing and treating tumors, and the combination treatment of aspirin and sorafenib significantly suppresses sorafenib-induced intrahepatic metastasis. However, the mechanism through which aspirin suppresses the sorafenib-induced intrahepatic metastasis is still unclear. In this study, we find that sorafenib markedly increases stromal-derived factor 1-alpha (SDF1-α) expression in paratumor and intratumor tissues, and aspirin attenuates sorafenib-induced increase of SDF1-α expression in paratumor and intratumor tissues. Further studies show that SDF1-α improves cell invasion potential of HCC cells, and that AMD3100, a specific inhibitor of SDF1-α receptor CXCR4, suppresses the elevated intrahepatic metastatic potential of HCC induced by sorafenib in vivo. Collectively, this study reveals that the sorafenib-induced increase of SDF1-α expression in paratumor and intratumor microenvironments is suppressed by aspirin, which is associated with aspirin-mediated suppression of the pro-metastasis effect of sorafenib in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yuan Pei
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lunxiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wenwei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Huliang Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China Institute of Cancer Metastasis, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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35
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Zhang D, Qiu S, Wang Q, Zheng J. TMPRSS3 modulates ovarian cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:81-8. [PMID: 26531004 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of transmembrane protease, serine 3 (TMPRSS3) has been detected in ovarian cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of TMPRSS3 in ovarian cancer remain unclear. In the present study, we found that TMPRSS3 was significantly expressed in ovarian cancer cells. Overexpression of TMPRSS3 promoted the proliferation, invasion and migration of A2780 cells. Conversely, knockdown of TMPRSS3 in HO8910 cells inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration. Furthermore, TMPRSS3 affected the expression levels of E-cadherin, vimentin and Twist. In addition, TMPRSS3 induced activation of ERK1/2 in ovarian cancer cells, and the ERK1/2 pathway was required for the TMPRSS3-mediated proliferation, invasion and migration of ovarian cancer cells. Finally, knockdown of TMPRSS3 inhibited ovarian cancer HO8910 cell growth and metastasis in vivo. Collectively, the present study suggests that TMPRSS3 plays a crucial role in the development and progression of ovarian cancer. Therefore, TMPRSS3 represents a potential therapeutic target of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Artacho-Cordón F, Ríos-Arrabal S, Olivares-Urbano MA, Storch K, Dickreuter E, Muñoz-Gámez JA, León J, Calvente I, Torné P, Salinas MDM, Cordes N, Núñez MI. Valproic acid modulates radiation-enhanced matrix metalloproteinase activity and invasion of breast cancer cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:946-56. [PMID: 26490761 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1087067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and invasion after ionizing radiation (IR) exposure and to determine whether MMP could be epigenetically modulated by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) were cultured in monolayer (2D) and in laminin-rich extracellular matrix (3D). Invasion capability, collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity, MMP and TIMP protein and mRNA expression and clonogenic survival were analyzed after IR exposure, with and without a HDAC inhibition treatment [1.5 mM valproic acid (VA) or 1 μM trichostatin-A (TSA)]. RESULTS IR exposure resulted in cell line-dependent stimulation of invasion capacity. In contrast to MCF-7 cells, irradiated MDA-MB-231 showed significantly enhanced mRNA expression of mmp-1, mmp-3 and mmp-13 and of their regulators timp-1 and timp-2 relative to unirradiated controls. This translated into increased collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity and could be reduced after valproic acid (VA) treatment. Additionally, VA also mitigated IR-enhanced mmp and timp mRNA expression as well as IR-increased invasion capability. Finally, our data confirm the radiosensitizing effect of VA. CONCLUSION These results suggest that IR cell line-dependently induces upregulation of MMP mRNA expression, which appears to be mechanistically linked to a higher invasion capability that is modifiable by HDAC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Artacho-Cordón
- a Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,b Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada/University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Sandra Ríos-Arrabal
- a Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,b Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada/University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,c Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada , Armilla, Granada , Spain
| | | | - Katja Storch
- d OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Dresden , Germany.,e Department of Radiation Oncology , University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany.,f German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,g German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,h Institute of Radiooncology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Dresden , Germany
| | - Ellen Dickreuter
- d OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Dresden , Germany.,e Department of Radiation Oncology , University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany.,f German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,g German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,h Institute of Radiooncology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Dresden , Germany
| | - José Antonio Muñoz-Gámez
- b Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada/University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,i CIBER on hepatic and digestive diseases (CIBEREHD) , Spain
| | - Josefa León
- b Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada/University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,i CIBER on hepatic and digestive diseases (CIBEREHD) , Spain
| | - Irene Calvente
- a Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,b Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada/University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Pablo Torné
- j General Surgery Management Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital , Granada , Spain
| | - María del Mar Salinas
- a Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Nils Cordes
- d OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Dresden , Germany.,e Department of Radiation Oncology , University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany.,f German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,g German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,h Institute of Radiooncology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Dresden , Germany
| | - María Isabel Núñez
- a Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,b Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada/University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,c Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada , Armilla, Granada , Spain
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Wang CH, Guo ZY, Chen ZT, Zhi XT, Li DK, Dong ZR, Chen ZQ, Hu SY, Li T. TMPRSS4 facilitates epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma and is a predictive marker for poor prognosis of patients after curative resection. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12366. [PMID: 26190376 PMCID: PMC4507176 DOI: 10.1038/srep12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TMPRSS4 (Transmembrane protease serine 4) is up-regulated in a broad spectrum of cancers. However, little is known about the biological effects of TMPRSS4 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the related mechanisms. In the present study, we found that overexpression of TMPRSS4 significantly promoted the invasion, migration, adhesion and metastasis of HCC. Further more, TMPRSS4 induced EMT of HCC, which was mediated via snail and slug as a result of Raf/MEK/ERK1/2 activation, and inhibition of ERK1/2 activation by its inhibitor was associated with reduced cell invasion and reversion of EMT. In addition, we demonstrated that TMPRSS4 remarkably suppressed the expression of RECK, an inhibitor of angiogenesis, and drastically induced tumor angiogenesis and growth. More important, in clinical HCC specimens, TMPRSS4 expression was significantly correlated with tumor staging and was inversely correlated with E-cadherin and RECKS expression. Expression of TMPRSS4 is significantly associated with HCC progression and is an independent prognostic factor for postoperative worse survival and recurrence. In conclusion, TMPRSS4 functions as a positive regulator of Raf/MEK/ERK1/2 pathway and promotes HCC progression by inducing EMT and angiogenesis. The increase of TMPRSS4 expression may be a key event for HCC progression and may be regarded as a potential prognostic marker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Wang
- 1] Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R.China [2] Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis &Cancer Invasion, the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Zhong-Yi Guo
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R.China
| | - Ze-Ting Chen
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R.China
| | - Xu-Ting Zhi
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R.China
| | - Deng-Ke Li
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R.China
| | - Zhao-Ru Dong
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis &Cancer Invasion, the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Chen
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R.China
| | - San-Yuan Hu
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R.China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R.China
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38
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Bastos LGDR, de Marcondes PG, de-Freitas-Junior JCM, Leve F, Mencalha AL, de Souza WF, de Araujo WM, Tanaka MN, Abdelhay ESFW, Morgado-Díaz JA. Progeny from irradiated colorectal cancer cells acquire an EMT-like phenotype and activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:2175-87. [PMID: 25103643 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy remains a major approach to adjuvant therapy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer, however, the fractionation schedules frequently allow for the repopulation of surviving tumors cells, neoplastic progression, and subsequent metastasis. The aim of the present study was to analyze the transgenerational effects induced by radiation and evaluate whether it could increase the malignant features on the progeny derived from irradiated parental colorectal cancer cells, Caco-2, HT-29, and HCT-116. The progeny of these cells displayed a differential radioresistance as seen by clonogenic and caspase activation assay and had a direct correlation with survivin expression as observed by immunoblotting. Immunofluorescence showed that the most radioresistant progenies had an aberrant morphology, disturbance of the cell-cell adhesion contacts, disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, and vimentin filaments. Only the progeny derived from intermediary radioresistant cells, HT-29, reduced the E-cadherin expression and overexpressed β-catenin and vimentin with increased cell migration, invasion, and metalloprotease activation as seen by immunoblotting, wound healing, invasion, and metalloprotease activity assay. We also observed that this most aggressive progeny increased the Wnt/β-catenin-dependent TCF/LEF activity and underwent an upregulation of mesenchymal markers and downregulation of E-cadherin, as determined by qRT-PCR. Our results showed that the intermediate radioresistant cells can generate more aggressive cellular progeny with the EMT-like phenotype. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway may constitute an important target for new adjuvant treatment schedules with radiotherapy, with the goal of reducing the migratory and invasive potential of the remaining cells after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Gonçalves dos Reis Bastos
- Cellular Biology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), 37André Cavalcanti Street, 5th Floor, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20230-051, Brazil
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Li T, Dong ZR, Guo ZY, Wang CH, Zhi XT, Zhou JW, Li DK, Chen ZT, Chen ZQ, Hu SY. Mannose-mediated inhibitory effects of PA-MSHA on invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via EGFR/Akt/IκBβ/NF-κB pathway. Liver Int 2015; 35:1416-29. [PMID: 25066210 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Elevation of high-mannose glycans is a common feature of malignant cells and has been suggested to be the basis for alternative cancer therapy for several years. Here we want to investigate the antitumour effect of pseudomonas aeruginosa-mannosesensitive haemagglutinin (PA-MSHA), a genetically engineered heat-inactivated PA strain with mannose-sensitive binding activity, on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Tumourigenicity and metastatic potentials of HCC were studied after PA-MSHA treatment by utilizing the in vitro/in vivo model of HCC. Expression of apoptosis-associated proteins and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related genes were evaluated, and possible signalling pathways involved were investigated. RESULTS PA-MSHA induced significant cell proliferation inhibition and cell cycle arrest of HCC through decreasing the levels of cyclins D1, cyclins E, CDK2, CDK4, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and increasing the level of p21 and p27. Moreover, PA-MSHA suppressed the invasion, migration and adhesion of HCC through inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). PA-MSHA also inhibited EGFR/Akt/IκBβ/NF-κB pathway and overexpression of NF-κB significantly abrogated PA-MSHA induced EMT inhibition. In addition, competitive inhibition of the mannose binding activity of PA-MSHA by D-mannose significantly blocked its effect on cell cycle arrest and EMT. PA-MSHA also abrogated lung metastasis of HCC and significantly inhibited tumour growth in the in vivo study. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the essential role of EGFR/Akt/IκBβ/NF-κB pathway in the inhibitory effect of PA-MSHA on invasion and metastasis of HCC through suppressing EMT, and revealed an attractive prospect of PA-MSHA as a novel candidate agent in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of general surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
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40
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Chen L, Heymach JV, Qin FXF, Gibbons DL. The mutually regulatory loop of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and immunosuppression in cancer progression. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1002731. [PMID: 26155392 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2014.1002731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and immunosuppression are crucial for cancer metastasis and treatment resistance. The mechanism by which these distinct processes are co-opted remains incompletely understood. Our recent work has exposed the "dirty affairs" of the 2 at the tumor site, thus calling for a combined therapy to break such a dangerous liaison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limo Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA
| | - F Xiao-Feng Qin
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA ; Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Suzhou, China ; Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing, China
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA
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de Aberasturi AL, Calvo A. TMPRSS4: an emerging potential therapeutic target in cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 112:4-8. [PMID: 25203520 PMCID: PMC4453593 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered expression and activity of proteases is a key event in cancer, particularly in relation to invasion, modification of the extracellular matrix and metastasis. The transmembrane protease, serine 4 (TMPRSS4) is closely related to other cancer-associated proteases, such as hepsin, TMPRSS2 and matriptase. We review in this study up-to-date information about expression, role, regulation and clinical relevance of TMPRSS4 in cancer. Increased expression of this protease is associated with acquisition of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, invasion and metastasis in vivo. Signalling in cancer cells involves upregulation of integrin-α5 (ITG-α5) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), downregulation of E-cadherin and activation of uPA enzymatic activity at the plasma membrane, as well as phosphorylation of FAK, Src, Akt and ERK1/2 intracellularly. Upregulation of miR-205 hinders the protumorigenic effects elicited by TMPRSS4 through restoration of E-cadherin levels and direct targeting of ITG-α5. High levels of TMPRSS4 have been found in several types of solid tumours in patients, and association with poor prognosis has been consistently described. On the basis of this information and the structural characteristics of this druggable protease, we suggest that TMPRSS4 could be a novel potential therapeutic target in solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L de Aberasturi
- Department of Histology and Pathology and Oncology Division, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Calvo
- Department of Histology and Pathology and Oncology Division, CIMA of the University of Navarra, Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Vilalta M, Rafat M, Giaccia AJ, Graves EE. Recruitment of circulating breast cancer cells is stimulated by radiotherapy. Cell Rep 2014; 8:402-9. [PMID: 25017065 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a localized therapy that is highly effective in killing primary tumor cells located within the field of the radiation beam. We present evidence that irradiation of breast tumors can attract migrating breast cancer cells. Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) produced by tumor cells in response to radiation stimulates the recruitment of migrating tumor cells to irradiated tumors, suggesting a mechanism of tumor recurrence after radiation facilitated by transit of unirradiated, viable circulating tumor cells to irradiated tumors. Data supporting this hypothesis are presented through in vitro invasion assays and in vivo orthotopic models of breast cancer. Our work provides a mechanism for tumor recurrence in which RT attracts cells outside the radiation field to migrate to the site of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vilalta
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marjan Rafat
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edward E Graves
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Radiation Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Kim S, Lee JW. Membrane Proteins Involved in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Tumor Invasion: Studies on TMPRSS4 and TM4SF5. Genomics Inform 2014; 12:12-20. [PMID: 24748857 PMCID: PMC3990761 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2014.12.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one mechanism by which cells with mesenchymal features can be generated and is a fundamental event in morphogenesis. Recently, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells from the primary tumor are now thought to be initiated by the developmental process termed the EMT, whereby epithelial cells lose cell polarity and cell-cell interactions, and gain mesenchymal phenotypes with increased migratory and invasive properties. The EMT is believed to be an important step in metastasis and is implicated in cancer progression, although the influence of the EMT in clinical specimens has been debated. This review presents the recent results of two cell surface proteins, the functions and underlying mechanisms of which have recently begun to be demonstrated, as novel regulators of the molecular networks that induce the EMT and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semi Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Jung Weon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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45
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High TMPRSS4 expression is a predictor of poor prognosis in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol 2013; 37:993-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sarkar S, Rajput S, Tripathi AK, Mandal M. Targeted therapy against EGFR and VEGFR using ZD6474 enhances the therapeutic potential of UV-B phototherapy in breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:122. [PMID: 24138843 PMCID: PMC4015769 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hypoxic environment of tumor region stimulated the up regulation of growth factors responsible for angiogenesis and tumor proliferation. Thus, targeting the tumor vasculature along with the proliferation by dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor may be the efficient way of treating advanced breast cancers, which can be further enhanced by combining with radiotherapy. However, the effectiveness of radiotherapy may be severely compromised by toxicities and tumor resistance due to radiation-induced adaptive response contributing to recurrence and metastases of breast cancer. The rational of using ZD6474 is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of combined VEGFR2 and EGFR targeting with concurrent targeted and localized UV-B phototherapy in vitro breast cancer cells with the anticipation to cure skin lesions infiltrated with breast cancer cells. Materials and methods Breast cancer cells were exposed to UV-B and ZD6474 and the cell viability, apoptosis, invasion and motility studies were conducted for the combinatorial effect. Graphs and statistical analyses were performed using Graph Pad Prism 5.0. Results ZD6474 and UV-B decreased cell viability in breast cancers in combinatorial manner without affecting the normal human mammary epithelial cells. ZD6474 inhibited cyclin E expression and induced p53 expression when combined with UV-B. It activated stress induced mitochondrial pathway by inducing translocation of bax and cytochrome-c. The combination of ZD6474 with UV-B vs. either agent alone also more potently down-regulated the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 protein, up-regulated pro-apoptotic signaling events involving expression of bax, activation of caspase-3 and caspase-7 proteins, and induced poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase resulting in apoptosis. ZD6474 combined with UV-B inhibited invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro as compared to either single agent, indicating a potential involvement of pro-angiogenic growth factors in regulating the altered expression and reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins in combinatorial treated breast cancer cells. Involvement of combination therapy in reducing the expression of matrix metalloprotease was also observed. Conclusions Collectively, our studies indicate that incorporating an anti-EGFR plus VEGFR strategy (ZD6474) with phototherapy (UV-B), an alternative approach to the ongoing conventional radiotherapy for the treatment of infiltrating metastatic breast cancer cells in the skin and for locally recurrence breast cancer than either approach alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India.
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Dai W, Zhou Q, Xu Z, Zhang E. Expression of TMPRSS4 in patients with salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma: correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Med Oncol 2013; 30:749. [PMID: 24132607 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although there is growing evidence supporting the hypothesis that TMPRSS4 is linked with cancer susceptibility, the precise role of TMPRSS4 expression in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is still unknown. The aim of this study was to examine TMPRSS4 expression in SACC and determine its associations with clinicopathological features and survival. TMPRSS4 expression in 125 SACC tissue and adjacent non-cancerous tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. In addition, the correlation of TMPRSS4 expression with clinicopathological variables was evaluated. The prognostic value of TMPRSS4 for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was determined by Kaplan-Meier estimates, and the significance of differences between curves was evaluated by the log-rank test. We found that high TMPRSS4 expression was predominantly observed in SACC tissues, but not in the adjacent normal salivary gland tissues. High TMPRSS4 expression in SACC tissues was correlated significantly with tumor TNM stage (P = 0.016), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002) and distant metastasis (P < 0.001). While high TMPRSS4 expression was associated with poor OS (P = 0.019) and DFS (P = 0.031), Cox regression analysis also revealed that TMPRSS4 was an independent predictor of OS and DFS. These findings suggested that TMPRSS4 was involved in the pathogenesis of SACC and might indicate a poor prognosis for SACC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street, No. 117, Heping District, Shenyang, 110002, Liaoning, China,
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Chen W, Wu S, Zhang G, Wang W, Shi Y. Effect of AKT inhibition on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and ZEB1-potentiated radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1234-1240. [PMID: 24179501 PMCID: PMC3813501 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a major treatment regime for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and although initial responses to a complete course of radiation are good, recurrence and metastasis are frequent events. A number of previous studies have observed that ionizing radiation (IR) may enhance the migratory and invasive properties of cancer cells through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In the present study, a tumor cohort of 22 NPC and 7 normal cases (chronic inflammation only) were investigated and the expression of AKT was demonstrated to positively correlate with the expression of ZEB1. Following treatment with IR, 7/10 patients suffered recurrence and metastasis, in addition to high expression levels of phosphorylated AKT (S473) and ZEB1. The AKT inhibitor, GSK690693, inhibited AKT, blocked the expression of ZEB1 and vimentin and restored the expression of E-cadherin following IR, thus preventing the migration and EMT of the tumor cells. In addition, the inhibition of AKT via GSK690693 was shown to markedly increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to IR in vitro and in vivo. These observations indicate that GSK690693 may aid in the prevention of recurrence and metastasis following IR therapy in NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Chen
- Department of Liver Disease Medicine, Pingxiang Hospital, Pingxiang, Jiangxi 337000, P.R. China
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The expression of TMPRSS4 and Erk1 correlates with metastasis and poor prognosis in Chinese patients with gastric cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70311. [PMID: 23922976 PMCID: PMC3726424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study investigated the clinical significance of transmembrane protease, serine 4(TMPRSS4) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 (Erk1) in the development, progression and metastasis of gastric cancer. Methods Immunohistochemistry was employed to analyze TMPRSS4 and Erk1 expression in 436 gastric cancer cases and 92 non-cancerous human gastric tissues. Results Protein levels of TMPRSS4 and Erk1 were up-regulated in gastric cancer lesions compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. High expression of TMPRSS4 correlated with age, size, Lauren’s classification, depth of invasion, lymph node and distant metastases, regional lymph node stage and TNM stage, and also with expression of Erk1. In stages I, II and III, the 5-year survival rate of patients with high TMPRSS4 expression was significantly lower than in patients with low expression. Further multivariate analysis suggests that up-regulation of TMPRSS4 and Erk1 were independent prognostic indicators for the disease, along with depth of invasion, lymph node and distant metastasis and TNM stage. Conclusions Expression of TMPRSS4 in gastric cancer is significantly associated with lymph node and distant metastasis, high Erk1 expression, and poor prognosis. TMPRSS4 and Erk1 proteins could be useful markers to predict tumor progression and prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Aspirin enhances IFN-α-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma via JAK1/STAT1 pathway. Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:366-74. [PMID: 23703473 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2013.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
STAT1 has a key role in exerting the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of interferon (IFN)-α on tumors, and its defects in expression is associated with IFN-α resistance. In this study we want to investigate whether aspirin can improve the antitumor efficiency of IFN-α on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through the activation of STAT1. We found that aspirin not only significantly enhanced IFN-α-induced antiproliferation and apoptosis of HCC in vitro study but also enhanced tumor growth inhibition in nude mice. Although IFN-α alone resulted in significant phosphorylation of both STAT1 and STAT3, aspirin only prompted the IFN-α-induced phosphorylation of STAT1. Further study revealed that aspirin-prompted phosphorylation of STAT1 was activated through phosphorylation of JAK1. Furthermore, aspirin-activated STAT1 upregulated the transcription of proapoptotic IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis-associated factor-1 and downregulated the transcription of antiapoptotic ISG of G1P3, which in turn promoted the expression of Bax and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, thereby sensitizing HCC cells to IFN-α-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel strategy of using aspirin to overcome tumor resistance and enhance the effectiveness of IFN-α in HCC treatment through activating STAT1 gene, and have potential implications for improving future IFN-α protein and gene therapy.
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