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Baert L, Mahmudul HM, Stegall M, Joo H, Oh S. B Cell-mediated Immune Regulation and the Quest for Transplantation Tolerance. Transplantation 2024; 108:2021-2033. [PMID: 38389135 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Pathophysiologic function of B cells in graft rejection has been well recognized in transplantation. B cells promote alloantigen-specific T-cell response and secrete antibodies that can cause antibody-mediated graft failures and rejections. Therefore, strategies targeting B cells, for example, B-cell depletion, have been used for the prevention of both acute and chronic rejections. Interestingly, however, recent mounting evidence indicates that subsets of B cells yet to be further identified can display potent immune regulatory functions, and they contribute to transplantation tolerance and operational tolerance in both experimental and clinical settings, respectively. In this review, we integrate currently available information on B-cell subsets, including T-cell Ig domain and mucin domain 1-positive transitional and T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain-positive memory B cells, displaying immune regulatory functions, with a focus on transplantation tolerance, by analyzing their mechanisms of action. In addition, we will discuss potential T-cell Ig domain and mucin domain 1-positive and T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain-positive B cell-based strategies for the enhancement of operational tolerance in transplantation patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Baert
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | | | - Mark Stegall
- Department of Surgery, William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - HyeMee Joo
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - SangKon Oh
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
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2
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Singh RB, Cho W, Liu C, Naderi A, Surico PL, Kahale F, Dohlman TH, Chauhan SK, Dana R. Immunopathological mechanisms and clinical manifestations of ocular graft-versus-host disease following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2024; 59:1049-1056. [PMID: 38822141 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-024-02321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease is among the most common clinical complications following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It causes inflammation-mediated destruction and dysfunction of various organ systems including ocular tissues in 60-90% of the patients and is termed ocular GVHD (oGVHD). In oGVHD, donor-derived T-cells recognize host antigens as foreign, resulting in immune dysregulation, inflammation and fibrosis of lacrimal glands, meibomian glands, cornea, and conjunctiva. The clinical presentation in oGVHD patients range from mild dry eye symptoms to catastrophic inflammation mediated pathological changes which can cause corneal perforation and blindness. In this review article, we provide detailed insights into the impact of mucosal barrier disruption, the afferent and efferent phases of immunological response involving activation of antigen presenting cells and T cells, respectively. We evaluate the evidence outlining the effector phase of the disease leading to cellular destruction and eventually fibrosis in patients with oGVHD. Finally, we discuss the well-established criteria for the diagnosis of oGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Bir Singh
- Laboratory of Ocular Immunology, Transplantation and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wonkyung Cho
- Laboratory of Ocular Immunology, Transplantation and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Liu
- Laboratory of Ocular Immunology, Transplantation and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amirreza Naderi
- Laboratory of Ocular Immunology, Transplantation and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pier Luigi Surico
- Laboratory of Ocular Immunology, Transplantation and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesca Kahale
- Laboratory of Ocular Immunology, Transplantation and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas H Dohlman
- Laboratory of Ocular Immunology, Transplantation and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Laboratory of Ocular Immunology, Transplantation and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Laboratory of Ocular Immunology, Transplantation and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Virupakshaiah A, Moseley CE, Elicegui S, Gerwitz LM, Spencer CM, George E, Shah M, Cree BAC, Waubant E, Zamvil SS. Life-Threatening MOG Antibody-Associated Hemorrhagic ADEM With Elevated CSF IL-6. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2024; 11:e200243. [PMID: 38630950 PMCID: PMC11087044 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is one characteristic manifestation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). A previously healthy man presented with retro-orbital headache and urinary retention 14 days after Tdap vaccination. Brain and spine MRI suggested a CNS demyelinating process. Despite treatment with IV steroids, he deteriorated, manifesting hemiparesis and later impaired consciousness, requiring intubation. A repeat brain MRI demonstrated new bilateral supratentorial lesions associated with venous sinus thrombosis, hemorrhage, and midline shift. Anti-MOG antibody was present at a high titer. CSF IL-6 protein was >2,000 times above the upper limits of normal. He improved after plasma exchange, then began monthly treatment alone with anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab, and has remained stable. This case highlights how adult-onset MOGAD, like childhood ADEM, can rapidly become life-threatening. The markedly elevated CSF IL-6 observed here supports consideration for evaluating CSF cytokines more broadly in patients with acute MOGAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Virupakshaiah
- From the UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences (A.V., C.E.M., C.M.S., M.S., B.A.C., E.W., S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco; University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine (S.E.); Renown Health (L.M.G.), Reno, NV; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (E.G.); and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Carson E Moseley
- From the UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences (A.V., C.E.M., C.M.S., M.S., B.A.C., E.W., S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco; University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine (S.E.); Renown Health (L.M.G.), Reno, NV; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (E.G.); and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Steven Elicegui
- From the UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences (A.V., C.E.M., C.M.S., M.S., B.A.C., E.W., S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco; University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine (S.E.); Renown Health (L.M.G.), Reno, NV; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (E.G.); and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Lee M Gerwitz
- From the UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences (A.V., C.E.M., C.M.S., M.S., B.A.C., E.W., S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco; University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine (S.E.); Renown Health (L.M.G.), Reno, NV; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (E.G.); and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Collin M Spencer
- From the UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences (A.V., C.E.M., C.M.S., M.S., B.A.C., E.W., S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco; University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine (S.E.); Renown Health (L.M.G.), Reno, NV; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (E.G.); and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Elizabeth George
- From the UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences (A.V., C.E.M., C.M.S., M.S., B.A.C., E.W., S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco; University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine (S.E.); Renown Health (L.M.G.), Reno, NV; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (E.G.); and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Maulik Shah
- From the UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences (A.V., C.E.M., C.M.S., M.S., B.A.C., E.W., S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco; University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine (S.E.); Renown Health (L.M.G.), Reno, NV; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (E.G.); and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Bruce A C Cree
- From the UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences (A.V., C.E.M., C.M.S., M.S., B.A.C., E.W., S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco; University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine (S.E.); Renown Health (L.M.G.), Reno, NV; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (E.G.); and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- From the UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences (A.V., C.E.M., C.M.S., M.S., B.A.C., E.W., S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco; University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine (S.E.); Renown Health (L.M.G.), Reno, NV; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (E.G.); and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Scott S Zamvil
- From the UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences (A.V., C.E.M., C.M.S., M.S., B.A.C., E.W., S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco; University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine (S.E.); Renown Health (L.M.G.), Reno, NV; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (E.G.); and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
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Liu C, Zeng X, Xiong Z, Bahabayi A, Hasimu A, Liu T, Zheng M, Ren L, Alimu X, Lu S. Id1 expression in CD4 T cells promotes differentiation and function of follicular helper T cells and upregulation of related functional molecules. Immunology 2024; 172:408-419. [PMID: 38501859 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the roles of E proteins and inhibitors of DNA-binding (Id) in T follicular helper (TFH) and T follicular regulatory (TFR) cells have been previously reported, direct models demonstrating the impact of multiple E protein members have been lacking. To suppress all E proteins including E2A, HEB and E2-2, we overexpressed Id1 in CD4 cells using a CD4-Id1 mouse model, to observe any changes in TFH and TFR cell differentiation. Our objective was to gain better understanding of the roles that E proteins and Id molecules play in the differentiation of TFH and TFR cells. The CD4-Id1 transgenic (TG) mice that we constructed overexpressed Id1 in CD4 cells, inhibiting E protein function. Our results showed an increase in the proportion and absolute numbers of Treg, TFH and TFR cells in the spleen of TG mice. Additionally, the expression of surface characterisation molecules PD-1 and ICOS was significantly upregulated in TFH and TFR cells. The study also revealed a downregulation of the marginal zone B cell precursor and an increase in the activation and secretion of IgG1 in spleen B cells. Furthermore, the peripheral TFH cells of TG mice enhanced the function of assisting B cells. RNA sequencing results indicated that a variety of TFH-related functional molecules were upregulated in TFH cells of Id1 TG mice. In conclusion, E proteins play a crucial role in regulating TFH/TFR cell differentiation and function and suppressing E protein activity promotes germinal centre humoral immunity, which has important implications for immune regulation and treating related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyue Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Xiong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ayibaota Bahabayi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ainizati Hasimu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianci Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mohan Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Ren
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiayidan Alimu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Songsong Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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5
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Forconi CS, Nixon C, Wu HW, Odwar B, Pond-Tor S, Ong'echa JM, Kurtis J, Moormann AM. T follicular helper cell profiles differ by malaria antigen and for children compared to adults. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.13.589352. [PMID: 38659768 PMCID: PMC11042194 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.13.589352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Circulating T-follicular helper (cT FH ) cells have the potential to provide an additional correlate of protection against Plasmodium falciparum ( Pf) as they are essential to promote B cell production of long-lasting antibodies. Assessing the specificity of cT FH subsets to individual malaria antigens is vital to understanding the variation observed in antibody responses and identifying promising malaria vaccine candidates. Methods Using spectral flow cytometry and unbiased clustering analysis we assessed antigen-specific cT FH cell recall responses in vitro to malaria vaccine candidates Pf SEA-1A and Pf GARP within a cross-section of children and adults living in a malaria holoendemic region of western Kenya. Findings In children, a broad array of cT FH subsets (defined by cytokine and transcription factor expression) were reactive to both malaria antigens, Pf SEA-1A and Pf GARP, while adults had a narrow profile centering on cT FH 17- and cT FH 1/17-like subsets following stimulation with Pf GARP only. Interpretation Because T FH 17 cells are involved in the maintenance of memory antibody responses within the context of parasitic infections, our results suggest that Pf GARP might generate longer lived antibody responses compared to Pf SEA-1A. These findings have intriguing implications for evaluating malaria vaccine candidates as they highlight the importance of including cT FH profiles when assessing interdependent correlates of protective immunity.
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Palamidas DA, Chatzis L, Papadaki M, Gissis I, Kambas K, Andreakos E, Goules AV, Tzioufas AG. Current Insights into Tissue Injury of Giant Cell Arteritis: From Acute Inflammatory Responses towards Inappropriate Tissue Remodeling. Cells 2024; 13:430. [PMID: 38474394 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an autoimmune disease affecting large vessels in patients over 50 years old. It is an exemplary model of a classic inflammatory disorder with IL-6 playing the leading role. The main comorbidities that may appear acutely or chronically are vascular occlusion leading to blindness and thoracic aorta aneurysm formation, respectively. The tissue inflammatory bulk is expressed as acute or chronic delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, the latter being apparent by giant cell formation. The activated monocytes/macrophages are associated with pronounced Th1 and Th17 responses. B-cells and neutrophils also participate in the inflammatory lesion. However, the exact order of appearance and mechanistic interactions between cells are hindered by the lack of cellular and molecular information from early disease stages and accurate experimental models. Recently, senescent cells and neutrophil extracellular traps have been described in tissue lesions. These structures can remain in tissues for a prolonged period, potentially favoring inflammatory responses and tissue remodeling. In this review, current advances in GCA pathogenesis are discussed in different inflammatory phases. Through the description of these-often overlapping-phases, cells, molecules, and small lipid mediators with pathogenetic potential are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Anastasios Palamidas
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Loukas Chatzis
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Papadaki
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Gissis
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Evangelismos General Hospital, 11473 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kambas
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas V Goules
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Tzioufas
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Research Institute for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, 11527 Athens, Greece
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7
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Simpson EL, Guttman-Yassky E, Eichenfield LF, Boguniewicz M, Bieber T, Schneider S, Guana A, Silverberg JI. Tralokinumab therapy for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: Clinical outcomes with targeted IL-13 inhibition. Allergy 2023; 78:2875-2891. [PMID: 37455359 DOI: 10.1111/all.15811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory, intensely pruritic skin disorder associated with significant patient burden. Interleukin (IL)-13 is a cytokine that acts as a driver of immune dysregulation, skin-barrier dysfunction, and microbiome dysbiosis that characterizes AD, and is consistently overexpressed in AD skin. Tralokinumab is a fully human immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to IL-13 with high affinity, thereby inhibiting subsequent downstream IL-13 signaling. Three pivotal phase 3 clinical trials demonstrated that tralokinumab 300 mg every other week, as monotherapy or in combination with topical corticosteroids as needed, provides significant improvements in signs and symptoms of moderate-to-severe AD, as measured by Investigator's Global Assessment 0/1 (clear/almost clear) and Eczema Area and Severity Index-75 at Week 16. Improvements were observed soon after tralokinumab initiation and were maintained over 52 weeks of therapy. Tralokinumab significantly improved patient-reported outcomes such as itch and sleep, and demonstrated a safety profile comparable with placebo; conjunctivitis during tralokinumab therapy was generally mild. Similar results were observed in a phase 3 adolescent trial. The role of IL-13 in the pathophysiology of AD justifies a targeted approach and a wealth of clinical data supports tralokinumab as a new therapeutic option for people with moderate-to-severe AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence F Eichenfield
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mark Boguniewicz
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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8
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Sagan SA, Moinfar Z, Moseley CE, Dandekar R, Spencer CM, Verkman AS, Ottersen OP, Sobel RA, Sidney J, Sette A, Anderson MS, Steinman L, Wilson MR, Sabatino JJ, Zamvil SS. T cell deletional tolerance restricts AQP4 but not MOG CNS autoimmunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306572120. [PMID: 37463205 PMCID: PMC10372680 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306572120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-specific Th17 cells are thought to have a central role in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) pathogenesis. When modeling NMO, only AQP4-reactive Th17 cells from AQP4-deficient (AQP4-/-), but not wild-type (WT) mice, caused CNS autoimmunity in recipient WT mice, indicating that a tightly regulated mechanism normally ensures tolerance to AQP4. Here, we found that pathogenic AQP4 T cell epitopes bind MHC II with exceptionally high affinity. Examination of T cell receptor (TCR) α/β usage revealed that AQP4-specific T cells from AQP4-/- mice employed a distinct TCR repertoire and exhibited clonal expansion. Selective thymic AQP4 deficiency did not fully restore AQP4-reactive T cells, demonstrating that thymic negative selection alone did not account for AQP4-specific tolerance in WT mice. Indeed, AQP4-specific Th17 cells caused paralysis in recipient WT or B cell-deficient mice, which was followed by complete recovery that was associated with apoptosis of donor T cells. However, donor AQP4-reactive T cells survived and caused persistent paralysis in recipient mice deficient in both T and B cells or mice lacking T cells only. Thus, AQP4 CNS autoimmunity was limited by T cell-dependent deletion of AQP4-reactive T cells. In contrast, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-specific T cells survived and caused sustained disease in WT mice. These findings underscore the importance of peripheral T cell deletional tolerance to AQP4, which may be relevant to understanding the balance of AQP4-reactive T cells in health and in NMO. T cell tolerance to AQP4, expressed in multiple tissues, is distinct from tolerance to MOG, an autoantigen restricted in its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Sagan
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Zahra Moinfar
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Carson E Moseley
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Ravi Dandekar
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Collin M Spencer
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Alan S Verkman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Ole Petter Ottersen
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo NO-0316, Norway
| | - Raymond A Sobel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto VA Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - John Sidney
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Mark S Anderson
- Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Michael R Wilson
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Joseph J Sabatino
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Scott S Zamvil
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
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9
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Subburayalu J. Immune surveillance and humoral immune responses in kidney transplantation - A look back at T follicular helper cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1114842. [PMID: 37503334 PMCID: PMC10368994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper cells comprise a specialized, heterogeneous subset of immune-competent T helper cells capable of influencing B cell responses in lymphoid tissues. In physiology, for example in response to microbial challenges or vaccination, this interaction chiefly results in the production of protecting antibodies and humoral memory. In the context of kidney transplantation, however, immune surveillance provided by T follicular helper cells can take a life of its own despite matching of human leukocyte antigens and employing the latest immunosuppressive regiments. This puts kidney transplant recipients at risk of subclinical and clinical rejection episodes with a potential risk for allograft loss. In this review, the current understanding of immune surveillance provided by T follicular helper cells is briefly described in physiological responses to contrast those pathological responses observed after kidney transplantation. Sensitization of T follicular helper cells with the subsequent emergence of detectable donor-specific human leukocyte antigen antibodies, non-human leukocyte antigen antibodies their implication for kidney transplantation and lessons learnt from other transplantation "settings" with special attention to antibody-mediated rejection will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Subburayalu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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10
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Prakash A, Medved J, Arneja A, Niebuhr C, Li AN, Tarrah S, Boscia AR, Burnett ED, Singh A, Salazar JE, Xu W, Santhanakrishnan M, Hendrickson JE, Luckey CJ. Class switching is differentially regulated in RBC alloimmunization and vaccination. Transfusion 2023; 63:826-838. [PMID: 36907655 PMCID: PMC10851675 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of human patients have shown that most anti-RBC alloantibodies are IgG1 or IgG3 subclasses, although it is unclear why transfused RBCs preferentially drive these subclasses over others. Though mouse models allow for the mechanistic exploration of class-switching, previous studies of RBC alloimmunization in mice have focused more on the total IgG response than the relative distribution, abundance, or mechanism of IgG subclass generation. Given this major gap, we compared the IgG subclass distribution generated in response to transfused RBCs relative to protein in alum vaccination, and determined the role of STAT6 in their generation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS WT mice were either immunized with Alum/HEL-OVA or transfused with HOD RBCs and levels of anti-HEL IgG subtypes were measured using end-point dilution ELISAs. To study the role of STAT6 in IgG class-switching, we first generated and validated novel STAT6 KO mice using CRISPR/cas9 gene editing. STAT6 KO mice were then transfused with HOD RBCs or immunized with Alum/HEL-OVA, and IgG subclasses were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS When compared with antibody responses to Alum/HEL-OVA, transfusion of HOD RBCs induced lower levels of IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2c but similar levels of IgG3. Class switching to most IgG subtypes remained largely unaffected in STAT6 deficient mice in response to HOD RBC transfusion, with the one exception being IgG2b. In contrast, STAT6 deficient mice showed altered levels of all IgG subtypes following Alum vaccination. DISCUSSION Our results show that anti-RBC class-switching occurs via alternate mechanisms when compared with the well-studied immunogen alum vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Prakash
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jelena Medved
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Abhinav Arneja
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Conrad Niebuhr
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Andria N. Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Soraya Tarrah
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alexis R. Boscia
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Emily D. Burnett
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Aanika Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Juan E. Salazar
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Manjula Santhanakrishnan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeanne E. Hendrickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chance John Luckey
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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11
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Olivieri F, Marchegiani F, Matacchione G, Giuliani A, Ramini D, Fazioli F, Sabbatinelli J, Bonafè M. Sex/gender-related differences in inflammaging. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111792. [PMID: 36806605 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Geroscience puts mechanisms of aging as a driver of the most common age-related diseases and dysfunctions. Under this perspective, addressing the basic mechanisms of aging will produce a better understanding than addressing each disease pathophysiology individually. Worldwide, despite greater functional impairment, life expectancy is higher in women than in men. Gender differences in the prevalence of multimorbidity lead mandatory to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying gender-related differences in multimorbidity patterns and disability-free life expectancy. Extensive literature suggested that inflammaging is at the crossroad of aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we highlight the main evidence on sex/gender differences in the mechanisms that foster inflammaging, i.e. the age-dependent triggering of innate immunity, modifications of adaptive immunity, and accrual of senescent cells, underpinning some biomarkers of inflammaging that show sex-related differences. In the framework of the "gender medicine perspective", we will also discuss how sex/gender differences in inflammaging can affect sex differences in COVID-19 severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Matacchione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Deborah Ramini
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Fazioli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Laboratory Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Bonafè
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Keshav P, Goyal DK, Kaur S. In vitro and in vivo therapeutic antileishmanial potential of ellagic acid against Leishmania donovani in murine model. Med Microbiol Immunol 2023; 212:35-51. [PMID: 36399160 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-022-00754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Parasite of genus Leishmania viz. L. donovani and L. infantum cause visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or Kala-azar, systemic disease with significant enlargement of the liver and spleen, weight loss, anemia, fever and immunosuppression. The silent expansion of vectors, reservoir hosts and resistant strains is also of great concern in VL control. Considering all these issues, the present study focused on in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial screening of ellagic acid (EA) against L. donovani. The in vitro study was performed against the protozoan parasite L. donovani and a 50% inhibitory concentration was calculated. The DNA arrest in the sub-G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle was studied. In vivo studies included the assessment of parasite burden and immunomodulation in response to treatment of ellagic acid in BALB/c mice. The levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and isotype antibodies were assessed in different groups of mice. EA showed in vitro parasiticidal activity with IC50 18.55 µg/mL and thwarted cell-cycle progression at the sub-G0/G1 phase. Administration of ellagic acid to the BALB/c mice reported diminution of splenic and hepatic parasite burden coupled with an expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. EA further potentiated a protective immune response with augmentation of Th1 type immune response evidenced by elevation of serum IgG2a levels and DTH response. EA was reported to be safe and non-toxic to the THP-1 cell line as well as to the liver and kidneys of mice. These findings endorse the therapeutic potential of EA with significant immunomodulation and can serve as a promising agent against this debilitating parasitic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Keshav
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Goyal
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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13
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Prakash A, Medved J, Arneja A, Niebuhr C, Li AN, Tarrah S, Boscia AR, Burnett ED, Singh A, Salazar JE, Xu W, Santhanakrishnan M, Hendrickson JE, Luckey CJ. Class switching is differentially regulated in RBC alloimmunization and vaccination. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.11.523608. [PMID: 36712006 PMCID: PMC9882062 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.11.523608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Studies of human patients have shown that most anti-RBC alloantibodies are IgG1 or IgG3 subclasses, though it is unclear why transfused RBCs preferentially drive these subclasses over others. Though mouse models allow for the mechanistic exploration of class-switching, previous studies of RBC alloimmunization in mice have focused more on the total IgG response than the relative distribution, abundance, or mechanism of IgG subclass generation. Given this major gap, we compared the IgG subclass distribution generated in response to transfused RBCs relative to protein in alum vaccination, and determined the role of STAT6 in their generation. Study Design and Methods WT mice were either immunized with Alum/HEL-OVA or transfused with HOD RBCs and levels of anti-HEL IgG subtypes were measured using end-point dilution ELISAs. To study the role of STAT6 in IgG class-switching, we first generated and validated novel STAT6 KO mice using CRISPR/cas9 gene editing. STAT6 KO mice were then transfused with HOD RBCs or immunized with Alum/HEL-OVA, and IgG subclasses were quantified by ELISA. Results When compared to antibody responses to Alum/HEL-OVA, transfusion of HOD RBCs induced lower levels of IgG1, IgG2b and IgG2c but similar levels of IgG3. Class switching to most IgG subtypes remained largely unaffected in STAT6 deficient mice in response to HOD RBC transfusion, with the one exception being IgG2b. In contrast, STAT6 deficient mice showed altered levels of all IgG subtypes following Alum vaccination. Discussion Our results show that anti-RBC class-switching occurs via alternate mechanisms when compared to the well-studied immunogen alum vaccination.
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14
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Immunopathological insights into villitis of unknown etiology on the basis of transplant immunology. Placenta 2023; 131:49-57. [PMID: 36473393 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Villitis of unknown etiology (VUE) is an inflammatory disease characterized by the infiltration of maternal CD8 +T cells into the placental villi. Although the pathogenesis of VUE is still debated, dysregulation of the immune system appears to be an important factor in the development of the disease. Interaction of maternal T cells with the fetal antigens seems to be the trigger for the VUE onset. In this context, graft vs host disease (GVHD) and allographic rejection seem to share similarities in the VUE immunopathological mechanism, especially those related to immunoregulation. In this review, we compared the immunological characteristics of VUE with allograft rejection, and GVHD favoring a better knowledge of VUE pathogenesis that may contribute to VUE therapeutics strategies in the future.
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15
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Suzuki H, Noguchi T, Matsugu N, Suzuki A, Kimura S, Onishi M, Kosaka M, Miyazato P, Morita E, Ebina H. Safety and immunogenicity of parvovirus B19 virus-like particle vaccine lacking phospholipase A2 activity. Vaccine 2022; 40:6100-6106. [PMID: 36114131 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Parvovirus B19 (B19) belongs to the Erythroparvovirus genus and is known to cause the fifth disease in children. Primary infection of pregnant women is associated with a high risk of hydrops fetalis and stillbirth due to severe fetal anemia. Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine candidates for B19 have been developed, although none have been approved so far. The B19 phospholipase A2 domain (B19 PLA2), located in the VP1 unique region, is believed to be associated with adverse inflammatory reactions, and previous effective attempts to improve this vaccine modality inserted a mutation to impair the PLA2 activity of VLPs. In this study, we designed VLPs with a deletion mutant of PLA2 (⊿PLA2 B19 VLP), devoid of PLA2 activity, and confirmed their immunogenicity and safe use in vivo. These results were supported by the lack of histological inflammatory reactions at the site of immunization or the production of IL-6 in ⊿PLA2 B19 VLP-immunized mice, that were observed in mice immunized with B19 VLPs. CD4+ T cells from mice vaccinated with VLPs and B19-seropositive human samples were not activated by B19 PLA2 stimulation, suggesting that the B19 PLA2 domain does not constitute a major CD4+ T cell epitope. Most importantly, the ⊿PLA2 B19 VLPs induced neutralizing antibodies against B19, in levels similar to those found in B19-seropositive human samples, indicating that they could be used as a safe and effective vaccine candidate against B19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Suzuki
- Virus vaccine group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Noguchi
- Virus vaccine group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Matsugu
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akio Suzuki
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sakika Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Misa Onishi
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kosaka
- Virus vaccine group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Paola Miyazato
- Virus vaccine group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Morita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ebina
- Virus vaccine group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Virus vaccine group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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16
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Quintana JF, Chandrasegaran P, Sinton MC, Briggs EM, Otto TD, Heslop R, Bentley-Abbot C, Loney C, de Lecea L, Mabbott NA, MacLeod A. Single cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses reveal microglia-plasma cell crosstalk in the brain during Trypanosoma brucei infection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5752. [PMID: 36180478 PMCID: PMC9525673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei and induces profound reactivity of glial cells and neuroinflammation when the parasites colonise the central nervous system. However, the transcriptional and functional responses of the brain to chronic T. brucei infection remain poorly understood. By integrating single cell and spatial transcriptomics of the mouse brain, we identify that glial responses triggered by infection are readily detected in the proximity to the circumventricular organs, including the lateral and 3rd ventricle. This coincides with the spatial localisation of both slender and stumpy forms of T. brucei. Furthermore, in silico predictions and functional validations led us to identify a previously unknown crosstalk between homeostatic microglia and Cd138+ plasma cells mediated by IL-10 and B cell activating factor (BAFF) signalling. This study provides important insights and resources to improve understanding of the molecular and cellular responses in the brain during infection with African trypanosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Quintana
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology (WCIP), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Praveena Chandrasegaran
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology (WCIP), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew C Sinton
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology (WCIP), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma M Briggs
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology (WCIP), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas D Otto
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology (WCIP), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Infection and Immunity, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rhiannon Heslop
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology (WCIP), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Calum Bentley-Abbot
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology (WCIP), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Loney
- School of Infection and Immunity, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- MRC Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Neil A Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Annette MacLeod
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology (WCIP), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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17
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George PJ, Marches R, Nehar-Belaid D, Banchereau J, Lustigman S. The Th1/Tfh-like biased responses elicited by the rASP-1 innate adjuvant are dependent on TRIF and Type I IFN receptor pathways. Front Immunol 2022; 13:961094. [PMID: 36119026 PMCID: PMC9478378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.961094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ov-ASP-1 (rASP-1), a parasite-derived protein secreted by the helminth Onchocerca volvulus, is an adjuvant which enhances the potency of the influenza trivalent vaccine (IIV3), even when used with 40-fold less IIV3. This study is aimed to provide a deeper insight into the molecular networks that underline the adjuvanticity of rASP-1. Here we show that rASP-1 stimulates mouse CD11c+ bone marrow-derived dendritic (BMDCs) to secrete elevated levels of IL-12p40, TNF-α, IP-10 and IFN-β in a TRIF-dependent but MyD88-independent manner. rASP-1-activated BMDCs promoted the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into Th1 cells (IFN-γ+) that was TRIF- and type I interferon receptor (IFNAR)-dependent, and into Tfh-like cells (IL21+) and Tfh1 (IFN-γ+ IL21+) that were TRIF-, MyD88- and IFNAR-dependent. rASP-1-activated BMDCs promoted the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into Th17 (IL-17+) cells only when the MyD88 pathway was inhibited. Importantly, rASP-1-activated human blood cDCs expressed upregulated genes that are associated with DC maturation, type I IFN and type II IFN signaling, as well as TLR4-TRIF dependent signaling. These activated cDCs promoted the differentiation of naïve human CD4+ T cells into Th1, Tfh-like and Th17 cells. Our data thus confirms that the rASP-1 is a potent innate adjuvant that polarizes the adaptive T cell responses to Th1/Tfh1 in both mouse and human DCs. Notably, the rASP-1-adjuvanted IIV3 vaccine elicited protection of mice from a lethal H1N1 infection that is also dependent on the TLR4-TRIF axis and IFNAR signaling pathway, as well as on its ability to induce anti-IIV3 antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parakkal Jovvian George
- Laboratory Molecular Parasitology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Radu Marches
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | | | - Jacques Banchereau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Sara Lustigman
- Laboratory Molecular Parasitology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, United States
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18
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Soto JA, Díaz FE, Retamal-Díaz A, Gálvez NMS, Melo-González F, Piña-Iturbe A, Ramírez MA, Bohmwald K, González PA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. BCG-Based Vaccines Elicit Antigen-Specific Adaptive and Trained Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and Andes orthohantavirus. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050721. [PMID: 35632475 PMCID: PMC9143576 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated vaccine mainly administered to newborns and used for over 100 years to prevent the disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). This vaccine can induce immune response polarization towards a Th1 profile, which is desired for counteracting M. tb, other mycobacteria, and unrelated intracellular pathogens. The vaccine BCG has been used as a vector to express recombinant proteins and has been shown to protect against several diseases, particularly respiratory viruses. Methods: BCG was used to develop recombinant vaccines expressing either the Nucleoprotein from SARS-CoV-2 or Andes orthohantavirus. Mice were immunized with these vaccines with the aim of evaluating the safety and immunogenicity parameters. Results: Immunization with two doses of 1 × 108 CFU or one dose of 1 × 105 CFU of these BCGs was safe in mice. A statistically significant cellular immune response was induced by both formulations, characterized as the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Stimulation with unrelated antigens resulted in increased expression of activation markers by T cells and secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ, while increased secretion of IL-6 was found for both recombinant vaccines; all of these parameters related to a trained immunity profile. The humoral immune response elicited by both vaccines was modest, but further exposure to antigens could increase this response. Conclusions: The BCG vaccine is a promising platform for developing vaccines against different pathogens, inducing a marked antigen-specific immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Soto
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 7550196, Chile
| | - Fabián E. Díaz
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Angello Retamal-Díaz
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Nicolás M. S. Gálvez
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Felipe Melo-González
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 7550196, Chile
| | - Alejandro Piña-Iturbe
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Mario A. Ramírez
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +56-2-686-2842
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19
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Vaca AM, Ioannou N, Sivina M, Vlachonikola E, Clise-Dwyer K, Kim E, Li D, Ma Q, Ferrajoli A, Estrov Z, Wierda WG, Patten PEM, Ramsay AG, Burger JA. Activation and expansion of T-follicular helper cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia nurselike cell co-cultures. Leukemia 2022; 36:1324-1335. [PMID: 35149845 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and T-cell subsets in the lymph node microenvironment are thought to play a central role in disease biology. To study these interactions in a model of the CLL lymph node microenvironment, we characterized T-cell subsets in CLL nurselike cell (NLC) co-cultures. We focused on T-follicular helper (Tfh) cells, which are characterized by CXCR5 expression and localization to B-cell follicles. In co-cultures from 28 different CLL patients, we detected an expansion of Tfh cells based on PD-1, BCL6, and ICOS expression, with increased IL-21 and downmodulated CD40L surface expression. Regulatory T cells (Treg), which promote immune tolerance, also expanded in NLC co-cultures. T-cell receptor (TR) gene repertoire analyses confirmed the clonal expansion of CD4+ T cells, with an enrichment of TR clonotypes commonly expanded also in primary CLL samples. Multicolor confocal microscopy revealed that Tfh, but not Treg co-localize with proliferating CLL cells in CLL lymph node sections. Collectively, these data provide new insight into the cellular and molecular cross-talk between CLL and T-cell subsets, resulting in clonal expansion of T-helper cells and interaction of Tfh cells with proliferating CLL cells which may open new avenues for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Vaca
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nikolaos Ioannou
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mariela Sivina
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elisavet Vlachonikola
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Karen Clise-Dwyer
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Hematopoietic Biology & Malignancy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ekaterina Kim
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Hematopoietic Biology & Malignancy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Hematopoietic Biology & Malignancy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alessandra Ferrajoli
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William G Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Piers E M Patten
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alan G Ramsay
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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20
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Horwich BH, Liang TZ, Dodge JL, Chopra S, Kahn JA, Saito T. Differential IgG4-Producing Plasma Cell Infiltration in Non- and Post-Transplant Plasma Cell Hepatitis. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10182. [PMID: 35368647 PMCID: PMC8971201 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), post-transplant recurrent AIH (rAIH), and plasma cell-rich rejection (PCR) are clinical diagnoses with the shared histopathologic hallmark of plasma cell hepatitis (PCH). As these histologically and serologically indistinguishable diagnoses are differentiated by clinical context, it remains uncertain whether they represent distinct immunologic phenomena. Improved understanding of immunoglobulin subclass 4-producing plasma cells (IgG4-PC) has brought attention to IgG4 as an immunophenotypic biomarker. To date, degree and clinical significance of IgG4-PC infiltration in PCH remain elusive. This retrospective, single-center study assessed IgG4-PC infiltration in AIH, rAIH, and PCR via standardized immunohistochemistry analysis. Identified cases from 2005 to 2020 (n = 47) included AIH (treatment-naïve AIH (tnAIH): n = 15 and AIH-flare on treatment (fAIH); n = 10), rAIH (n = 8), and PCR (n = 14) were analyzed and correlated with clinical characteristics. IgG4-Positivity (# IgG4-PC/# pan-IgG-expressing cells) distribution was heterogenous and overlapping [tnAIH: 0.060 (IQR 0.040-0.079), fAIH: 0.000 (0.000-0.033), rAIH: 0.000 (0.000-0.035), PCR: 0.228 (0.039-0.558)]. IgG4-Positivity was inversely correlated with corticosteroid use (p < 0.001). IgG4-Positivity ≥0.500 was associated with rapid AST improvement (p = 0.03). The variable IgG4-Positivity of AIH, rAIH and PCR suggests diverse and overlapping immunopathologic mechanisms and that current diagnostic schemes inadequately capture PCH immunopathology. We propose incorporation of IgG4-Positivity to refine current PCH classification and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H. Horwich
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tom Z. Liang
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Dodge
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shefali Chopra
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Kahn
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- USC Transplant Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- USC Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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21
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The Hodgkin Lymphoma Immune Microenvironment: Turning Bad News into Good. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051360. [PMID: 35267668 PMCID: PMC8909875 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) tumor microenvironment (TME) is by far the most abundant component of tumors and is responsible for most of their biological and clinical characteristics. Recent advances in our knowledge of these networks in cellular interactions allow us to understand that the neoplastic Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg (HRS) cells, although they are in the minority, are the main architects of this dysregulated immune milieu. Here, we review the major changes that have happened in recent years: from TME as a helpless bystander, reflecting an ineffective immune response, to a dynamic tumor-promoting and immunosuppressive element. The HRS cells promote survival through interconnected intrinsic and extrinsic alterations, boosting pro-tumoral signaling pathways through genetic aberrations and autocrine growth signals, in parallel with abnormal cytokine secretion for the recruitment and selection of the best cell partners for this immunosuppressive TME. In turn, cHL is already proving to be the perfect model with which to address an immune checkpoint blockade. Preliminary data demonstrate the utility of druggable key signaling pathways in this ensemble, such as JAK-STAT, NF-κB, and others. In addition, myriad biomarkers predicting a response await validation by new in situ multiplex analytical methods, single-cell gene expression, and other techniques. Together, these components will define the functional phenotypes with which we will elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of the disease and improve the survival of patients who are refractory to conventional therapies.
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22
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Wu H, Deng Y, Long D, Yang M, Li Q, Feng Y, Chen Y, Qiu H, Huang X, He Z, Hu L, Yin H, Li G, Guo Y, Du W, Zhao M, Lu L, Lu Q. The IL-21-TET2-AIM2-c-MAF pathway drives the T follicular helper cell response in lupus-like disease. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e781. [PMID: 35343082 PMCID: PMC8958352 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that involves T follicular helper (TFH ) cell-mediated humoral immune responses. Absent in melanoma 2 (human AIM2 and murine Aim2) is a well-known component of the inflammasome in the innate immune system. Surprisingly, we observed that in SLE patients, upregulated levels of AIM2 expression were found in peripheral blood and skin lesions, with the highest levels detected in TFH -like cells. In the CD4cre Aim2fl/fl conditional knockout mice, a markedly reduced TFH cell response was observed, with significantly lower levels of serum autoantibodies and proteinuria, as well as profoundly reduced renal IgG deposition in pristane-induced lupus mice. Mechanistically, IL-21 was found to recruit hydroxymethyltransferase ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) to the AIM2 promoter, resulting in DNA demethylation and increased transcription of AIM2. In addition, AIM2 could regulate c-MAF expression to enhance IL-21 production, which consequently promoted TFH cell differentiation. Our results have identified a role of AIM2 in promoting the TFH cell response and further revealed that the IL-21-TET2-AIM2-c-MAF signalling pathway is dysregulated in lupus pathogenesis, which provides a potential therapeutic target for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Wu
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yaxiong Deng
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Di Long
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Qianwen Li
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yongjian Chen
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhenghao He
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Longyuan Hu
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Heng Yin
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Guangdi Li
- Department of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yunkai Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgerySecond Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wenhan Du
- Department of Pathology and Center for Infection and ImmunologyThe University of Hong KongChongqing International Institute for ImmunologyHong KongChina
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Center for Infection and ImmunologyThe University of Hong KongChongqing International Institute for ImmunologyHong KongChina
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of DermatologySecond Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeInstitute of DermatologyNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune‐Mediated Skin DiseasesNanjingChina
- Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIsNanjingChina
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23
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Yen CY, Yu CH, Tsai JJ, Tseng HK, Liao EC. Effects of Local Nasal Immunotherapy with FIP-fve Peptide and Denatured Tyrophagus putrescentiae for Storage Mite-Induced Airway Inflammation. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2022; 70:6. [PMID: 35099617 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-022-00645-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are affecting public health and have increased over the last decade. Sensitization to mite allergens is a considerable trigger for allergy development. Storage mite-Tyrophagus putrescentiae shows great significance of allergenic potential and clinical relevance. The fungal immunomodulatory peptide FIP-fve has been reported to possess immunomodulatory activity. We aimed to determine whether T. putrescentiae-induced sensitization and airway inflammation in mice could be downregulated by FIP-fve in conjunction with denatured T. putrescentiae (FIP-fve and DN-Tp). Immune responses and physiologic variations in immunoglobulins, leukocyte subpopulations, cytokine productions, pulmonary function, lung pathology, cytokines in CD4+ and Treg cells were evaluated after local nasal immunotherapy (LNIT). After the LNIT with FIP-fve and DN-Tp, levels of specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a in the sera and IgA in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were significantly reduced. Infiltrations of inflammatory leukocytes (eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes) in the airway decreased significantly. Production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-5, IL-13, IL-17F and IL-23) and chemokine (IL-8) were significantly reduced, and Th1-cytokine (IL-12) increased in the airway BALF after LNIT. Pulmonary functions of Penh values were significantly decreased after the methacholine challenge, which resulted in a reduction of airway hypersensitivity after LNIT. Bronchus pathology showed a reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration and epithelium damage after LNIT. The IL-4+/CD4+ T cells could be downregulated and the IFN-γ+/CD4+ T cells upregulated. The Treg-related immunity of IL-10 and Foxp3 expressions in CD4+CD25+ cells were both upregulated after LNIT. In conclusion, LNIT with FIP-fve and DN-Tp had an anti-inflammatory effect on mite-induced airway inflammations and possesses potential as an immunomodulatory therapy agent for allergic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yang Yen
- Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec.3, Jhong-Jheng Rd. San-Jhih, New Taipei City, 24245, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Ji Tsai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Kuang Tseng
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec.3, Jhong-Jheng Rd. San-Jhih, New Taipei City, 24245, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - En-Chih Liao
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec.3, Jhong-Jheng Rd. San-Jhih, New Taipei City, 24245, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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24
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Nayak SP, Bagchi B, Roy S. Effects of immunosuppressants on T-cell dynamics: Understanding from a generic coarse-grained immune network model. J Biosci 2022; 47:70. [PMID: 36503907 PMCID: PMC9734612 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-022-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long-term immunosuppressive therapy is a drug regimen often used to lower aggressive immune responses in various chronic inflammatory diseases. However, such long-term therapy leading to immune suppression may trigger other adverse reactions in the immune system. The rising concern regarding the optimal dose and duration of such treatment has motivated us to understand non-classical immunomodulatory responses induced by various immunosuppressive steroid and secosteroid drugs such as glucocorticoid and vitamin D supplements. The immunomodulatory actions of such immunosuppressants (that govern the adaptive immune response) are often mediated through their characteristic control over CD4+ T-cells involving pro- and antiinflammatory T-cells. Several early studies attempted to decode temporal and dose-dependent behaviors of such pro- and anti-inflammatory T-cells using the chemical dynamics approach. We first summarize these early works. Then, we develop a minimal coarse-grained kinetic network model to capture the commonality in their immunomodulatory functions. This generic model successfully reproduces the characteristic dynamical features, including the clinical latency period in long-term T-cell dynamics. The temporal behavior of T-cells is found to be sensitive to specific rate parameters and doses of immunosuppressants. The steady-state analysis reflects the transition from an early classified weakly regulated (autoimmune-prone) immune state to a strongly regulated state (immunocompromised state), separated by an intervening state of moderate/balanced regulation. An optimal dose and duration are essential in rescuing balanced immune regulation. This review elucidates how developing a simple generic coarse-grained immune network model may provide immense information that helps diagnose inefficacy in adaptive immune function before and after administering immunosuppressants such as glucocorticoid or vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Priyadarshini Nayak
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Biman Bagchi
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012 India
| | - Susmita Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, 741246 India
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25
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Peereboom ETM, Matern BM, Tomosugi T, Niemann M, Drylewicz J, Joosten I, Allebes WA, van der Meer A, Hilbrands LB, Baas MC, van Reekum FE, Verhaar MC, Kamburova EG, Seelen MAJ, Sanders JS, Hepkema BG, Lambeck AJ, Bungener LB, Roozendaal C, Tilanus MGJ, Voorter CE, Wieten L, van Duijnhoven EM, Gelens MACJ, Christiaans MHL, van Ittersum FJ, Nurmohamed A, Lardy NM, Swelsen W, van der Pant KA, van der Weerd NC, Ten Berge IJM, Bemelman FJ, de Vries APJ, de Fijter JW, Betjes MGH, Roelen DL, Claas FH, Otten HG, Heidt S, van Zuilen AD, Kobayashi T, Geneugelijk K, Spierings E. T-Cell Epitopes Shared Between Immunizing HLA and Donor HLA Associate With Graft Failure After Kidney Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:784040. [PMID: 34868064 PMCID: PMC8637278 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.784040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T-helper cells play an important role in alloimmune reactions following transplantation by stimulating humoral as well as cellular responses, which might lead to failure of the allograft. CD4+ memory T-helper cells from a previous immunizing event can potentially be reactivated by exposure to HLA mismatches that share T-cell epitopes with the initial immunizing HLA. Consequently, reactivity of CD4+ memory T-helper cells toward T-cell epitopes that are shared between immunizing HLA and donor HLA could increase the risk of alloimmunity following transplantation, thus affecting transplant outcome. In this study, the amount of T-cell epitopes shared between immunizing and donor HLA was used as a surrogate marker to evaluate the effect of donor-reactive CD4+ memory T-helper cells on the 10-year risk of death-censored kidney graft failure in 190 donor/recipient combinations using the PIRCHE-II algorithm. The T-cell epitopes of the initial theoretical immunizing HLA and the donor HLA were estimated and the number of shared PIRCHE-II epitopes was calculated. We show that the natural logarithm-transformed PIRCHE-II overlap score, or Shared T-cell EPitopes (STEP) score, significantly associates with the 10-year risk of death-censored kidney graft failure, suggesting that the presence of pre-transplant donor-reactive CD4+ memory T-helper cells might be a strong indicator for the risk of graft failure following kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma T M Peereboom
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Benedict M Matern
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Toshihide Tomosugi
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Kidney Diseases and Transplant Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | | | - Julia Drylewicz
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wil A Allebes
- Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Arnold van der Meer
- Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Luuk B Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marije C Baas
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Franka E van Reekum
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elena G Kamburova
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marc A J Seelen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Stephan Sanders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bouke G Hepkema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Annechien J Lambeck
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Laura B Bungener
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Caroline Roozendaal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marcel G J Tilanus
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Christien E Voorter
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lotte Wieten
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elly M van Duijnhoven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle A C J Gelens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Maarten H L Christiaans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Frans J van Ittersum
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Azam Nurmohamed
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Neubury M Lardy
- Department of Immunogenetics/HLA Diagnostic, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wendy Swelsen
- Department of Immunogenetics/HLA Diagnostic, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karlijn A van der Pant
- Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Neelke C van der Weerd
- Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ineke J M Ten Berge
- Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fréderike J Bemelman
- Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aiko P J de Vries
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johan W de Fijter
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michiel G H Betjes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Nephrology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dave L Roelen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frans H Claas
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Henny G Otten
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arjan D van Zuilen
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Takaaki Kobayashi
- Department of Renal Transplant Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kirsten Geneugelijk
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eric Spierings
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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26
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Sa-nguanmoo N, Namdee K, Khongkow M, Ruktanonchai U, Zhao Y, Liang XJ. Review: Development of SARS-CoV-2 immuno-enhanced COVID-19 vaccines with nano-platform. NANO RESEARCH 2021; 15:2196-2225. [PMID: 34659650 PMCID: PMC8501370 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-021-3832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccine development approaches consist of viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccine, RNA vaccine, live attenuated virus, and recombinant proteins, which elicit a specific immune response. The use of nanoparticles displaying antigen is one of the alternative approaches to conventional vaccines. This is due to the fact that nano-based vaccines are stable, able to target, form images, and offer an opportunity to enhance the immune responses. The diameters of ultrafine nanoparticles are in the range of 1-100 nm. The application of nanotechnology on vaccine design provides precise fabrication of nanomaterials with desirable properties and ability to eliminate undesirable features. To be successful, nanomaterials must be uptaken into the cell, especially into the target and able to modulate cellular functions at the subcellular levels. The advantages of nano-based vaccines are the ability to protect a cargo such as RNA, DNA, protein, or synthesis substance and have enhanced stability in a broad range of pH, ambient temperatures, and humidity for long-term storage. Moreover, nano-based vaccines can be engineered to overcome biological barriers such as nonspecific distribution in order to elicit functions in antigen presenting cells. In this review, we will summarize on the developing COVID-19 vaccine strategies and how the nanotechnology can enhance antigen presentation and strong immunogenicity using advanced technology in nanocarrier to deliver antigens. The discussion about their safe, effective, and affordable vaccines to immunize against COVID-19 will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawamin Sa-nguanmoo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Katawut Namdee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120 Thailand
| | - Mattaka Khongkow
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120 Thailand
| | - Uracha Ruktanonchai
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120 Thailand
| | - YongXiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumour Theranostics and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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27
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Jiang H, Fu D, Bidgoli A, Paczesny S. T Cell Subsets in Graft Versus Host Disease and Graft Versus Tumor. Front Immunol 2021; 12:761448. [PMID: 34675938 PMCID: PMC8525316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.761448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is an essential therapeutic modality for patients with hematological malignancies and other blood disorders. Unfortunately, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains a major source of morbidity and mortality following allo-HCT, which limits its use in a broader spectrum of patients. Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) also remains the most common long-term complication of allo-HCT, occurring in reportedly 30-70% of patients surviving more than 100 days. Chronic GVHD is also the leading cause of non-relapse mortality (NRM) occurring more than 2 years after HCT for malignant disease. Graft versus tumor (GVT) is a major component of the overall beneficial effects of allogeneic HCT in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Better understanding of GVHD pathogenesis is important to identify new therapeutic targets for GVHD prevention and therapy. Emerging data suggest opposing roles for different T cell subsets, e.g., IFN-γ producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Th1 and Tc1), IL-4 producing T cells (Th2 and Tc2), IL-17 producing T cells (Th17 and Tc17), IL-9 producing T cells (Th9 and Tc9), IL-22 producing T cells (Th22), T follicular helper cells (Tfh), regulatory T-cells (Treg) and tissue resident memory T cells (Trm) in GVHD and GVT etiology. In this review, we first summarize the general description of the cytokine signals that promote the differentiation of T cell subsets and the roles of these T cell subsets in the pathogenesis of GVHD. Next, we extensively explore preclinical findings of T cell subsets in both GVHD/GVT animal models and humans. Finally, we address recent findings about the roles of T-cell subsets in clinical GVHD and current strategies to modulate T-cell differentiation for treating and preventing GVHD in patients. Further exploring and outlining the immune biology of T-cell differentiation in GVHD that will provide more therapeutic options for maintaining success of allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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28
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Poirot J, Medvedovic J, Trichot C, Soumelis V. Compartmentalized multicellular crosstalk in lymph nodes coordinates the generation of potent cellular and humoral immune responses. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:3146-3160. [PMID: 34606627 PMCID: PMC9298410 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Distributed throughout the body, lymph nodes (LNs) constitute an important crossroad where resident and migratory immune cells interact to initiate antigen‐specific immune responses supported by a dynamic 3‐dimensional network of stromal cells, that is, endothelial cells and fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs). LNs are organized into four major subanatomically separated compartments: the subcapsular sinus (SSC), the paracortex, the cortex, and the medulla. Each compartment is underpinned by particular FRC subsets that physically support LN architecture and delineate functional immune niches by appropriately providing environmental cues, nutrients, and survival factors to the immune cell subsets they interact with. In this review, we discuss how FRCs drive the structural and functional organization of each compartment to give rise to prosperous interactions and coordinate immune cell activities. We also discuss how reciprocal communication makes FRCs and immune cells perfect compatible partners for the generation of potent cellular and humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Poirot
- Université de Paris, INSERM U976, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Saint Aubin, France
| | | | | | - Vassili Soumelis
- Université de Paris, INSERM U976, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire d'Immunologie-Histocompatibilité, Paris, France
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29
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Fusion of parvovirus B19 receptor-binding domain and pneumococcal surface protein A induces protective immunity against parvovirus B19 and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Vaccine 2021; 39:5146-5152. [PMID: 34340860 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parvovirus B19 (B19) is a well-known cause of fifth disease in children, but infection during pregnancy may cause hydrops fetalis and stillbirth. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the VP1 unique capsid plays a pivotal role in infection. Here, we aimed to improve the immunogenicity of an RBD-based vaccine by genetically fusing it with Streptococcus pneumoniae surface protein A (PspA). METHODS Mice were intramuscularly injected with RBD-based vaccines. Antigen-specific antibodies and neutralizing activity against B19 were measured. Protective immunity against S. pneumoniae was evaluated by monitoring the survival of mice nasally challenged with bacteria and determining antigen-specific T cell activation in splenic cells. RESULTS RBD alone failed to generate neutralizing antibodies against B19, but fusion with PspA induced higher levels of neutralizing IgG compared to B19 virus-like particles. Furthermore, a comparable level of PspA-specific IgG was induced by RBD-PspA and PspA alone, which was sufficient to protect mice against pneumococcal infection. Stimulation with PspA, but not RBD, induced cytokine production in splenic cells from mice immunized with RBD-PspA, suggesting that PspA-specific T cells supported immunoglobulin class switching of both RBD- and PspA-specific B cells. CONCLUSIONS RBD-PspA should be an effective bivalent vaccine against B19 and S. pneumoniae infections.
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30
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Salmonella Typhimurium Adhesin OmpV Activates Host Immunity To Confer Protection against Systemic and Gastrointestinal Infection in Mice. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0012121. [PMID: 34097470 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00121-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica Typhimurium is a rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium that mostly enters the human body through contaminated food. It causes a gastrointestinal disorder called salmonellosis in humans and typhoid-like systemic disease in mice. OmpV, an outer membrane protein of S. Typhimurium, helps in adhesion and invasion of bacteria to intestinal epithelial cells and thus plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of S. Typhimurium. In this study, we have shown that intraperitoneal immunization with OmpV is able to induce high IgG production and protection against systemic disease. Further, oral immunization with OmpV-incorporated proteoliposome (OmpV-proteoliposome [PL]) induces production of high IgA antibody levels and protection against gastrointestinal infection. Furthermore, we have shown that OmpV induces Th1 bias in systemic immunization with purified OmpV, but both Th1 and Th2 polarization in oral immunization with OmpV-proteoliposome (PL). Additionally, we have shown that OmpV activates innate immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, and intestinal epithelial cells, in a Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-dependent manner. Interestingly, OmpV is recognized by the TLR1/2 heterodimer in monocytes, but by both TLR1/2 and TLR2/6 heterodimers in macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells. Further, downstream signaling involves MyD88, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-1, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (both p38 and Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK)), and transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1. Due to its ability to efficiently activate both the innate and adaptive immune systems and protective efficacy, OmpV can be a potential vaccine candidate against S. Typhimurium infection. Further, the fact that OmpV can be recognized by both TLR1/2 and TLR2/6 heterodimers increases its potential to act as good adjuvant in other vaccine formulations.
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31
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Grant AH, Estrada A, Ayala-Marin YM, Alvidrez-Camacho AY, Rodriguez G, Robles-Escajeda E, Cadena-Medina DA, Rodriguez AC, Kirken RA. The Many Faces of JAKs and STATs Within the COVID-19 Storm. Front Immunol 2021; 12:690477. [PMID: 34326843 PMCID: PMC8313986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The positive-sense single stranded RNA virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), resulted in a global pandemic with horrendous health and economic consequences not seen in a century. At a finer scale, immunologically, many of these devastating effects by SARS-CoV-2 can be traced to a "cytokine storm" resulting in the simultaneous activation of Janus Kinases (JAKs) and Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) proteins downstream of the many cytokine receptor families triggered by elevated cytokines found in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this report, cytokines found in the storm are discussed in relation to the JAK-STAT pathway in response to SARS-CoV-2 and the lessons learned from RNA viruses and previous Coronaviruses (CoVs). Therapeutic strategies to counteract the SARS-CoV-2 mediated storm are discussed with an emphasis on cell signaling and JAK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert A. Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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32
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Naranjo-Lucena A, Correia CN, Molina-Hernández V, Martínez-Moreno Á, Browne JA, Pérez J, MacHugh DE, Mulcahy G. Transcriptomic Analysis of Ovine Hepatic Lymph Node Following Fasciola hepatica Infection - Inhibition of NK Cell and IgE-Mediated Signaling. Front Immunol 2021; 12:687579. [PMID: 34122452 PMCID: PMC8194261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a trematode parasite responsible for major economic losses in livestock production, and is also a food-borne zoonotic agent in developing rural regions. For years, the immunoregulatory mechanisms employed by the parasite have hampered efforts to develop a successful vaccine candidate. Given that a comprehensive understanding of the immune response to infection is needed, we investigated the gene expression changes in ovine hepatic lymph nodes after experimental infection with F. hepatica. Lymph nodes from uninfected and infected animals were processed for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) at 16 weeks post-infection. Comparison of groups revealed 5,132 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs). An inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways, which has previously been described during fasciolosis, was evident in our data. However, other signals previously identified in ruminant peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or liver tissue, such as activation of TGF-β or apoptosis-related pathways were not detected. We found inhibition of some key immunological pathways, including natural killer (NK) cell activity and IgE-mediated signaling. These may point to additional some as yet unrecognized mechanisms employed by the parasite to evade the host immune response. Understanding these, and leveraging information from this and other omics studies, will be important for the development of future vaccine prototypes against this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina N Correia
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Verónica Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - John A Browne
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - José Pérez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - David E MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace Mulcahy
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin, Ireland
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33
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Ebersole JL, Kirakodu SS, Orraca L, Gonzalez Martinez J, Gonzalez OA. Gingival transcriptomics of follicular T cell footprints in progressing periodontitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 204:373-395. [PMID: 33565609 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) cells have been identified in the circulation and in tertiary lymphoid structures in chronic inflammation. Gingival tissues with periodontitis reflect chronic inflammation, so genomic footprints of Tfh cells should occur in these tissues and may differ related to aging effects. Macaca mulatta were used in a ligature-induced periodontitis model [adult group (aged 12-23 years); young group (aged 3-7 years)]. Gingival tissue and subgingival microbiome samples were obtained at matched healthy ligature-induced disease and clinical resolution sites. Microarray analysis examined Tfh genes (n = 54) related to microbiome characteristics documented using 16S MiSeq. An increase in the major transcription factor of Tfh cells, BCL6, was found with disease in both adult and young animals, while master transcription markers of other T cell subsets were either decreased or showed minimal change. Multiple Tfh-related genes, including surface receptors and transcription factors, were also significantly increased during disease. Specific microbiome patterns were significantly associated with profiles indicative of an increased presence/function of Tfh cells. Importantly, unique microbial complexes showed distinctive patterns of interaction with Tfh genes differing in health and disease and with the age of the animals. An increase in Tfh cell responsiveness occurred in the progression of periodontitis, affected by age and related to specific microbial complexes in the oral microbiome. The capacity of gingival Tfh cells to contribute to localized B cell activation and active antibody responses, including affinity maturation, may be critical for controlling periodontal lesions and contributing to limiting and/or resolving the lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - S S Kirakodu
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - L Orraca
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - J Gonzalez Martinez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Toa Baja, PR, USA
| | - O A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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34
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Molaei S, Dadkhah M, Asghariazar V, Karami C, Safarzadeh E. The immune response and immune evasion characteristics in SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2: Vaccine design strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 92:107051. [PMID: 33429331 PMCID: PMC7522676 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 as a novel human coronavirus, was the worrying news at the beginning of 2020. Since its emergence complicated more than 870,000 individuals and led to more than 43,000 deaths worldwide. Considering to the potential threat of a pandemic and transmission severity of it, there is an urgent need to evaluate and realize this new virus's structure and behavior and the immunopathology of this disease to find potential therapeutic protocols and to design and develop effective vaccines. This disease is able to agitate the response of the immune system in the infected patients, so ARDS, as a common consequence of immunopathological events for infections with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, could be the main reason for death. Here, we summarized the immune response and immune evasion characteristics in SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 and therapeutic and prophylactic strategies with a focus on vaccine development and its challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Molaei
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Dadkhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Vahid Asghariazar
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Chiman Karami
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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35
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Fernandes ER, Barbosa ML, Amaral MP, de Souza Apostolico J, Sulczewski FB, Tufik S, Andersen ML, Boscardin SB, Keller AC, Rosa DS. Sleep Disturbance during Infection Compromises Tfh Differentiation and Impacts Host Immunity. iScience 2020; 23:101599. [PMID: 33205014 PMCID: PMC7648138 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the influence of sleep quality on the immune system is well documented, the mechanisms behind its impact on natural host immunity remain unclear. Meanwhile, it has been suggested that neuroimmune interactions play an important role in this phenomenon. To evaluate the impact of stress-induced sleep disturbance on host immunity, we used a murine model of rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (RSD) integrated with a model of malaria blood-stage infection. We demonstrate that sleep disturbance compromises the differentiation of T follicular helper cells, increasing host susceptibility to the parasite. Chemical inhibition of glucocorticoid (Glcs) synthesis showed that abnormal Glcs production compromised the transcription of Tfh-associated genes resulting in impaired germinal center formation and humoral immune response. Our data demonstrate that RSD-induced abnormal activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis drives host susceptibility to infection. Understanding the impact of sleep quality in natural resistance to infection may provide insights for disease management. REM sleep deprivation (RSD) worsens malaria induced by Plasmodium yoelii infection RSD decreases germinal center formation and impairs specific antibody production Exacerbated glucocorticoid production impairs T lymphocyte differentiation The relationship between sleep and immunity is a target for malaria management
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Ruz Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Luize Barbosa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pires Amaral
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Souza Apostolico
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii)-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Levy Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Beatriz Boscardin
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii)-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Castro Keller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
- Corresponding author
| | - Daniela Santoro Rosa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii)-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
- Corresponding author
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36
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Role of the JAK/STAT Pathway in Cervical Cancer: Its Relationship with HPV E6/E7 Oncoproteins. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102297. [PMID: 33076315 PMCID: PMC7602614 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway is associated with the regulation of essential cellular mechanisms, such as proliferation, invasion, survival, inflammation, and immunity. Aberrant JAK/STAT signaling contributes to cancer progression and metastatic development. STAT proteins play an essential role in the development of cervical cancer, and the inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway may be essential for enhancing tumor cell death. Persistent activation of different STATs is present in a variety of cancers, including cervical cancer, and their overactivation may be associated with a poor prognosis and poor overall survival. The oncoproteins E6 and E7 play a critical role in the progression of cervical cancer and may mediate the activation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Inhibition of STAT proteins appears to show promise for establishing new targets in cancer treatment. The present review summarizes the knowledge about the participation of the different components of the JAK/STAT pathway and the participation of the human papillomavirus (HPV) associated with the process of cellular malignancy.
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37
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Park GY, Lee GW, Kim S, Hong H, Park JS, Cho JH, Lee Y. Deletion Timing of Cic Alleles during Hematopoiesis Determines the Degree of Peripheral CD4 + T Cell Activation and Proliferation. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e43. [PMID: 33163251 PMCID: PMC7609164 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Capicua (CIC) is a transcriptional repressor that regulates several developmental processes. CIC deficiency results in lymphoproliferative autoimmunity accompanied by expansion of CD44hiCD62Llo effector/memory and follicular Th cell populations. Deletion of Cic alleles in hematopoietic stem cells (Vav1-Cre-mediated knockout of Cic) causes more severe autoimmunity than that caused by the knockout of Cic in CD4+CD8+ double positive thymocytes (Cd4-Cre-mediated knockout of Cic). In this study, we compared splenic CD4+ T cell activation and proliferation between whole immune cell-specific Cic-null (Cicf/f;Vav1-Cre) and T cell-specific Cic-null (Cicf/f;Cd4-Cre) mice. Hyperactivation and hyperproliferation of CD4+ T cells were more apparent in Cicf/f;Vav1-Cre mice than in Cicf/f;Cd4-Cre mice. Cicf/f;Vav1-Cre CD4+ T cells more rapidly proliferated and secreted larger amounts of IL-2 upon TCR stimulation than did Cicf/f;Cd4-Cre CD4+ T cells, while the TCR stimulation-induced activation of the TCR signaling cascade and calcium flux were comparable between them. Mixed wild-type and Cicf/f;Vav1-Cre bone marrow chimeras also exhibited more apparent hyperactivation and hyperproliferation of Cic-deficient CD4+ T cells than did mixed wild-type and Cicf/f;Cd4-Cre bone marrow chimeras. Taken together, our data demonstrate that CIC deficiency at the beginning of T cell development endows peripheral CD4+ T cells with enhanced T cell activation and proliferative capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guk-Yeol Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Gil-Woo Lee
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
- Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Soeun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Hyebeen Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Jong Seok Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cho
- Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
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Nguyen TL, Yin Y, Choi Y, Jeong JH, Kim J. Enhanced Cancer DNA Vaccine via Direct Transfection to Host Dendritic Cells Recruited in Injectable Scaffolds. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11623-11636. [PMID: 32808762 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) vaccines are a promising cancer immunotherapy approach. However, effective delivery of DNA to antigen-presenting cells (e.g., dendritic cells (DCs)) for the induction of an adaptive immune response is limited. Conventional DNA delivery via intramuscular, intradermal, and subcutaneous injection by hypodermal needles shows a low potency and immunogenicity. Here, we propose the enhanced cancer DNA vaccine by direct transfection to the high number of DCs recruited into the chemoattractant-loaded injectable mesoporous silica microrods (MSRs). Subcutaneous administration of the MSRs mixed with tumor-antigen coding DNA polyplexes resulted in DC recruitment in the macroporous space of the scaffold formed by the spontaneous assembly of high-aspect-ratio MSRs, thereby allowing for enhanced cellular uptake of antigen-coded DNA by host DCs. The MSR scaffolds delivering the DNA vaccine trigger a more robust DC activation, antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response, and Th1 immune response compared to the bolus DNA vaccine. Additionally, the immunological memory can be induced with a single administration of the vaccine. The combination of the vaccination and antiprogrammed cell death-1 antibody significantly eliminates established lung metastasis. These results indicate that MSRs serve as a powerful platform for DNA vaccine delivery to DCs for effective cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Loc Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yue Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Youngjin Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Ko HHT, Lareu RR, Dix BR, Hughes JD, Parsons RW. A sequence symmetry analysis of the interrelationships between statins, diabetes and skin infections. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:2559-2567. [PMID: 31595525 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To determine statins' impact on skin infection risk in view of conflicting literature: that statins may reduce infection risk, but are also associated with diabetes mellitus, a risk factor for skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). METHODS Sequence symmetry analysis was performed on prescription claims (2001-2011) from the Australian Department of Veterans' Affairs to determine the interrelationships between: (i) statins and SSTIs; (ii) statins and diabetes; and (iii) diabetes and SSTIs; as well as whether statins increased the risk of SSTIs, independent of diabetes status. Chi-square tests were performed to detect differences in Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage scores of patients within each interrelationship. Prescriptions for statins, antidiabetic medication, and antistaphylococcal antibiotics were evaluated using nonidentifiable client numbers, prescription dates filled, residential electorates, and pharmaceutical codes. Adjusted sequence ratio and confidence interval were calculated at intervals of 91, 182 and 365 days for sequence symmetry analysis studies. RESULTS Statins were associated with: (i) significant SSTI risk (adjusted sequence ratio > 1; confidence interval >1), (ii) significant diabetes risk, and (iii) diabetic patients had increased risk of SSTIs. Diabetic and nondiabetic statin users had significantly increased risks of SSTIs, while the influence from socioeconomic status was not significant for each of the 3 relationships. CONCLUSIONS Statins are associated with increased risk of SSTIs via direct and indirect mechanisms, probably independent of diabetes or socioeconomic statuses. We believe that clinicians should be aware of the association between statins and SSTIs, and, where appropriate, monitor blood glucose levels of statin users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humphrey H T Ko
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI) Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ricky R Lareu
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI) Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brett R Dix
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeffery D Hughes
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Richard W Parsons
- School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Yakass MB, Franco D, Quaye O. Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling and Protein Inhibitors of Activated Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcriptions As Therapeutic Targets in Flavivirus Infections. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 40:1-18. [PMID: 31436502 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses cause significant human diseases putting more than 400 million people at risk annually worldwide. Because of migration and improved transportation, these viruses can be found on all continents (except Antarctica). Although a majority of the viruses are endemic in the tropics, a few [West Nile virus (WNV) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV)] have shown endemicity in Europe and North America. Currently, there are vaccines for the Yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and TBEV, but there is no effective vaccine and/or therapy against all other flaviviruses. Although there are intensive efforts to develop vaccines for Zika viruses, dengue viruses, and WNVs, there is the need for alternative or parallel antiviral therapeutic approaches. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) and protein inhibitors of activated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs; PIAS), both regulatory proteins of the Janus kinase/STAT signaling pathway, have been explored as therapeutic targets in herpes simplex and vaccinia viruses, as well as in cancer therapy. In this review, we briefly describe the function of SOCS and PIAS and their therapeutic potential in flaviviral infections. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bright Yakass
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Osbourne Quaye
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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41
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Effects of antibiotic resistance (AR) and microbiota shifts on Campylobacter jejuni-mediated diseases. Anim Health Res Rev 2019; 18:99-111. [PMID: 29665882 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252318000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is an important zoonotic pathogen recently designated a serious antimicrobial resistant (AR) threat. While most patients with C. jejuni experience hemorrhagic colitis, serious autoimmune conditions can follow including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the acute neuropathy Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS). This review examines inter-relationships among factors mediating C. jejuni diarrheal versus autoimmune disease especially AR C. jejuni and microbiome shifts. Because both susceptible and AR C. jejuni are acquired from animals or their products, we consider their role in harboring strains. Inter-relationships among factors mediating C. jejuni colonization, diarrheal and autoimmune disease include C. jejuni virulence factors and AR, the enteric microbiome, and host responses. Because AR C. jejuni have been suggested to affect the severity of disease, length of infections and propensity to develop GBS, it is important to understand how these interactions occur when strains are under selection by antimicrobials. More work is needed to elucidate host-pathogen interactions of AR C. jejuni compared with susceptible strains and how AR C. jejuni are maintained and evolve in animal reservoirs and the extent of transmission to humans. These knowledge gaps impair the development of effective strategies to prevent the emergence of AR C. jejuni in reservoir species and human populations.
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Cao G, Chi S, Wang X, Sun J, Zhang Y. CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+ T Follicular Helper Cells Play a Pivotal Role in the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3032-3040. [PMID: 31019190 PMCID: PMC6498883 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a subgroup of activated CD4+ T cells in the germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs, they play critical roles in the development of many chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether circulating Tfh cells contribute to the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Material/Methods Thirty patients fulfilled the diagnosis criteria that was established by the American College of Rheumatology and 30 healthy controls were recruited. The frequency of Tfh cells in patients and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. The serum IL-21 level was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression of Blimp-1 and Bcl-6 were detected by qRT-PCR. Results RA patients had more CD4+PD-1+CXCR5+ Tfh cells in peripheral blood compared with healthy controls, and CIA in DBA/1J mice showed similar results. Higher mRNA expression of Bcl-6 and lower Blimp-1 mRNA expression were observed in patients with RA compared to healthy controls, and the expression level of IL-21 was higher in RA patients, which was also seen in CIA mice. Furthermore, the spleen CD4+ICOS+CXCR5+ Tfh cells in CIA mice show significantly higher frequency than that in the control mice. The percentage of CD4+PD-1+CXCR5+ Tfh cells was correlated positively with the values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (r=0.968, P<0.001), rheumatoid factor (RF) (r=0.962, P<0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (r=0.953, P<0.001), and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) (r=0.966, P<0.001), and the level of serum interleukin (IL)-21 in RA patients showed positive correlation with ESR (r=0.982, P<0.001), RF (r=0.959, P<0.001), CRP (r=0.951, P<0.001), and ACPA (r=0.971, P<0.001) as well. Conclusions The activated Tfh cells in the peripheral blood may be responsible for the development of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Cao
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China (mainland)
| | - Shuhong Chi
- Department of Rheumatology, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China (mainland)
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China (mainland)
| | - Jianmin Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China (mainland)
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China (mainland)
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Suzuki H, Hosomi K, Nasu A, Kondoh M, Kunisawa J. Development of Adjuvant-Free Bivalent Food Poisoning Vaccine by Augmenting the Antigenicity of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2320. [PMID: 30356722 PMCID: PMC6189403 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) is a common cause of food poisoning and hyperkalemia-associated death. Previously, we reported that fusion of pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) to C-terminal fragment of CPE (C-CPE) efficiently bound mucosal epithelium so that PspA-specific immune responses could be provoked. In this study, we found that fusion of C-CPE with PspA augmented the antigenicity of C-CPE itself. These findings allowed us to hypothesize that fusion of C-CPE and another food poisoning vaccine act as a bivalent food poisoning vaccine. Therefore, we constructed an adjuvant-free bivalent vaccine against CPE and cholera toxin (CT), which is a major food poisoning in developing country, by genetically fusing CT B subunit to C-CPE. Because of the low antigenicity of C-CPE, immunization of mice with C-CPE alone did not induce C-CPE-specific immune responses. However, immunization with our vaccine induced both C-CPE- and CT-specific neutralizing antibody. The underlying mechanism of the augmented antigenicity of C-CPE included the activation of T cells by CTB. Moreover, neutralizing antibodies lasted for at least 48 weeks and the quality of the antibody was dependent on the binding activity of CTB–C-CPE to its receptors. These findings suggest that our fusion protein is a potential platform for the development of an adjuvant-free bivalent vaccine against CPE and CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nasu
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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44
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Heydarlou H, Eghabl-Fard S, Ahmadi M, Aghebati-Maleki L, Dolati S, Movassaghpour AA, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Danaei S, Mahmoudilafout F, Talebi M, Rahimifar S, Yousefi M. Investigation of follicular helper T cells, as a novel player, in preeclampsia. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3845-3852. [PMID: 30259994 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. It occurs in an around 3% to 5% of all pregnancies worldwide. The fetus is kind of semiallograft to the maternal host; immune system components encounter fetal antigens and develop adverse immune responses. Recently, it has been observed that the immune system plays an important role in PE. In the current study, we have tried to investigate the role of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells in the pathogenesis of PE. Blood samples of 49 PE women and 50 healthy controls were collected. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, cells were cultured, and then RNA was extracted. Autoantibody and secretory cytokine levels were analyzed by ELISA. Tfh frequency and transcription levels of the related molecules and cytokine were assessed by flow cytometry and real-time PCR, respectively. The frequency of circulating Tfh cell in PE women was significantly higher compared with the healthy pregnant woman (Tfh cells with CD4+ ICOS + , P = 0.0064 and Tfh cells with CD4 + CXCR5 + , P = 0.029). Moreover, mRNA expression levels of CXCR5, BCL6, IL-21, and IL-6 ( P = 0.0006, P = 0.008, P = 0.0063, and P = 0.027, respectively) were upregulated in PE patients. Furthermore, IL-6 ( P = 0.0014) and IL-21 ( P = 0.0059) levels in both group were assayed and the results showed increased in patient group. We also measured autoantibody levels including antiphospholipid antibodies ( P = 0.0001), anticardiolipin antibodies ( P = 0.0004), anti-TPO ( P = 0.0008), anti-TG ( P = 0.001) in circulation of PE group, which were higher than the control group. This study provided insights into the involvement of Tfh cells in etiology and pathogenesis of PE, probably by developing autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Heydarlou
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shadi Eghabl-Fard
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sanam Dolati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahla Danaei
- Gynecology Department, Eastern Azerbaijan ACECR ART Center, Eastern Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Talebi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Qin L, Waseem TC, Sahoo A, Bieerkehazhi S, Zhou H, Galkina EV, Nurieva R. Insights Into the Molecular Mechanisms of T Follicular Helper-Mediated Immunity and Pathology. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1884. [PMID: 30158933 PMCID: PMC6104131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play key role in providing help to B cells during germinal center (GC) reactions. Generation of protective antibodies against various infections is an important aspect of Tfh-mediated immune responses and the dysregulation of Tfh cell responses has been implicated in various autoimmune disorders, inflammation, and malignancy. Thus, their differentiation and maintenance must be closely regulated to ensure appropriate help to B cells. The generation and function of Tfh cells is regulated by multiple checkpoints including their early priming stage in T zones and throughout the effector stage of differentiation in GCs. Signaling pathways activated downstream of cytokine and costimulatory receptors as well as consequent activation of subset-specific transcriptional factors are essential steps for Tfh cell generation. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying Tfh cell-mediated immunity and pathology will bring into spotlight potential targets for novel therapies. In this review, we discuss the recent findings related to the molecular mechanisms of Tfh cell differentiation and their role in normal immune responses and antibody-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tayab C Waseem
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Anupama Sahoo
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shayahati Bieerkehazhi
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Elena V Galkina
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Roza Nurieva
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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MyD88 Signaling in T Cells Is Critical for Effector CD4 T Cell Differentiation following a Transitional T Follicular Helper Cell Stage. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00791-17. [PMID: 29507085 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00791-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of CD4 T cells by dendritic cells leads to their differentiation into various effector lineages. The nature of the effector lineage is determined by the innate cues provided by dendritic cells to newly primed T cells. Although the cytokines necessary for several effector lineages have been identified, the innate cues that drive T follicular helper (Tfh) lineage cell development remain unclear. Here we found that following priming, CD4 T cells undergoing clonal expansion acquire a transient Tfh-like phenotype before differentiating into other effector lineages. In addition, we found that T cell-intrinsic myeloid differentiation antigen 88 (MyD88) signaling, which occurs downstream of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-18 receptors, is critical for the primed CD4 T cells to transition out of the temporary Tfh lineage. Mice with T cell-specific deletion of MyD88 have a higher proportion of Tfh cells and germinal center (GC) B cells. These exaggerated Tfh cell and GC B cell responses, however, do not lead to protective immunity against infections. We demonstrate that T cell-intrinsic MyD88 is critical for effector lineage differentiation as well as production of the cytokines that are necessary for class switching. Overall, our study establishes that following priming and clonal expansion, CD4 T cells undergo a transitional Tfh-like phase and that further differentiation into effector lineages is dictated by T cell-intrinsic MyD88-dependent cues.
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Rodrigues de Santana F, de Paula Coelho C, Cardoso TN, Perez Hurtado EC, Roberti Benites N, Dalastra Laurenti M, Villano Bonamin L. Modulation of inflammation response to murine cutaneous Leishmaniasis by homeopathic medicines: Antimonium crudum 30cH. HOMEOPATHY 2018; 103:264-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by protozoan parasites of the mononuclear phagocytic system. The modulation activity of these cells can interfere in the host/parasite relationship and influences the prognosis.Methods: We evaluated the effects of the homeopathic preparation Antimonium crudum 30cH on experimental infection induced by Leishmania (L.) amazonensis. Male Balb/c mice were inoculated with 2 × 106 Leishmania (L.) amazonensis promastigotes into the footpad and, after 48 h (acute phase) or 60 days (chronic phase), cell population of lymphocytes and phagocytes present in the peritoneal washing fluid and spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry and histopathology, with histometry of the subcutaneous primary lesion, local lymph node and spleen. Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantify CD3 (T lymphocyte), CD45RA (B lymphocyte) and CD11b (phagocytes) positive cells.Results: In treated mice, during the acute phase, there was significant increase of the macroscopic lesion, associated to inflammatory edema, as well increase in the number of free amastigotes and B lymphocytes inside the lesion. Increase of B lymphocytes (predominantly B-2 cells) was also seen in the local lymph node, spleen and peritoneum. In the chronic phase, the inflammatory process in the infection focus was reduced, with reduced phagocyte migration and peritoneal increase of B-1a cells (precursors of B-2 immunoglobulin producers cells) and T CD8+ cells.Conclusion: The treatment of mice with Antimonium crudum 30cH induced a predominantly B cell pattern of immune response in Leishmania (L.) amazonensis experimental infection, alongside the increase of free amastigote forms number in the infection site. The clinical significance of this study is discussed, further studies are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Rodrigues de Santana
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Research Center of University Paulista, Rua Dr Bacelar, 1212 – 4th Floor, 04026-002 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cidéli de Paula Coelho
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Research Center of University Paulista, Rua Dr Bacelar, 1212 – 4th Floor, 04026-002 São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, University of Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thayná Neves Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Research Center of University Paulista, Rua Dr Bacelar, 1212 – 4th Floor, 04026-002 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Cristina Perez Hurtado
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Research Center of University Paulista, Rua Dr Bacelar, 1212 – 4th Floor, 04026-002 São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leoni Villano Bonamin
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Research Center of University Paulista, Rua Dr Bacelar, 1212 – 4th Floor, 04026-002 São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, University of Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil
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48
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Taghavie-Moghadam PL, Waseem TC, Hattler J, Glenn LM, Dobrian AD, Kaplan MH, Yang Y, Nurieva R, Nadler JL, Galkina EV. STAT4 Regulates the CD8 + Regulatory T Cell/T Follicular Helper Cell Axis and Promotes Atherogenesis in Insulin-Resistant Ldlr-/- Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3453-3465. [PMID: 29055004 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome and diabetic conditions support atherosclerosis, but the exact mechanisms for accelerated atherogenesis remain unclear. Although the proinflammatory role of STAT4 in atherosclerosis and diet-induced insulin resistance (IR) was recently established, the impact of STAT4 on atherogenesis in conditions of IR is not known. In this study, we generated Stat4-/-Ldlr-/- mice that were fed a diabetogenic diet with added cholesterol (DDC). DDC-fed Stat4-/-Ldlr-/- mice demonstrated improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and a 36% reduction in atherosclerosis compared with Ldlr-/- controls. Interestingly, we detected a reduction in T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and plasma B cells but a sharp elevation in CD8+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in spleens and aortas of Stat4-/-Ldlr-/- mice compared with Ldlr-/- mice. Similarly, STAT4 deficiency supported CD8+ Treg differentiation in vitro. STAT4-deficient CD8+ Tregs suppressed Tfh cell and germinal center B cell development upon immunization with keyhole limpet hemocyanin, indicating an important role for STAT4 in CD8+ Treg functions in vivo. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of Stat4-/-Ldlr-/- CD8+ Tregs versus Ldlr-/- CD8+ Tregs resulted in a significant reduction in plaque burden and suppression of Tfh cell and germinal center B cells in DDC-fed Ldlr-/- recipients. STAT4 expression in macrophages (MΦs) also affected the Tfh/CD8+ Treg axis, because conditioned media from Stat4-/-Ldlr-/- MΦs supported CD8+ Treg differentiation, but not Tfh cell differentiation, in a TGF-β-dependent manner. These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which STAT4 supports atherosclerosis in IR Ldlr-/- mice via STAT4-dependent MΦs, as well as cell-intrinsic suppression of CD8+ Treg generation and functions and maintenance of Tfh cell generation and the accompanying humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parésa L Taghavie-Moghadam
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501
| | - Tayab C Waseem
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501
| | - Julian Hattler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501
| | - Lindsey M Glenn
- Strelitz Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507
| | - Anca D Dobrian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China; and.,Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Roza Nurieva
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jerry L Nadler
- Strelitz Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507;
| | - Elena V Galkina
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501;
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Zhou J, Xi Y, Mu X, Zhao R, Chen H, Zhang L, Wu Y, Li Q. Antitumor immunity induced by VE-cadherin modified DC vaccine. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67369-67379. [PMID: 28978039 PMCID: PMC5620179 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells. A strong interest has been developed in DC vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Besides, angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth. VE-cadherin has a crucial function in various aspects of vascular biological functions. Here, we produced the full VE-cadherin gene modified DC vaccine (DC-VEC). Its antitumor immunity and chief mechanism driving antitumor effect was evaluated. Analyses were performed including test of antitumor antibody, CTL-mediated cytotoxicity experiment, vascular density, evaluation of the variation of cells and cytokines in immunoregulation. Its damage to the major organs was also evaluated. DC-VEC vaccine resulted in retarded tumor progression and prolonged survival in mice. In DC-VEC group, large amount of immunoglobulin was generated, T cells exhibited greater cytotoxicity against VE-cadherin, and tumor angiogenesis was suppressed. Besides, a decrease of VEGF-A and TGF-β1, and an increase of IL-4 and IFN-γ were observed. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were higher, with increased IFN-γ secretion. The percentage of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells decreased mildly. Also, it had no pathologic changes in major organs. DC-VEC vaccine represents a promising antitumor immunotherapy. The main mechanism is associated with its anti-angiogenesis and immunoregulation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- The Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yufeng Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiyan Mu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Rongce Zhao
- Division of Liver Transplantation, Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongdou Chen
- The Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiu Li
- The Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
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50
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Sagan SA, Cruz-Herranz A, Spencer CM, Ho PP, Steinman L, Green AJ, Sobel RA, Zamvil SS. Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28872108 PMCID: PMC5614352 DOI: 10.3791/56185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is recognized that aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-specific T cells and antibodies participate in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica (NMO), a human central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune demyelinating disease, creation of an AQP4-targeted model with both clinical and histologic manifestations of CNS autoimmunity has proven challenging. Immunization of wild-type (WT) mice with AQP4 peptides elicited T cell proliferation, although those T cells could not transfer disease to naïve recipient mice. Recently, two novel AQP4 T cell epitopes, peptide (p) 135-153 and p201-220, were identified when studying immune responses to AQP4 in AQP4-deficient (AQP4-/-) mice, suggesting T cell reactivity to these epitopes is normally controlled by thymic negative selection. AQP4-/- Th17 polarized T cells primed to either p135-153 or p201-220 induced paralysis in recipient WT mice, that was associated with predominantly leptomeningeal inflammation of the spinal cord and optic nerves. Inflammation surrounding optic nerves and involvement of the inner retinal layers (IRL) were manifested by changes in serial optical coherence tomography (OCT). Here, we illustrate the approaches used to create this new in vivo model of AQP4-targeted CNS autoimmunity (ATCA), which can now be employed to study mechanisms that permit development of pathogenic AQP4-specific T cells and how they may cooperate with B cells in NMO pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Sagan
- Department of Neurology, University of California; Program in Immunology, University of California
| | | | - Collin M Spencer
- Department of Neurology, University of California; Program in Immunology, University of California
| | - Peggy P Ho
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University
| | - Ari J Green
- Department of Neurology, University of California
| | | | - Scott S Zamvil
- Department of Neurology, University of California; Program in Immunology, University of California;
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