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Li C, Wang X, Xing L, Chen T, Li W, Li X, Wang Y, Yang C, Yang Q. Huaier-induced suppression of cancer-associated fibroblasts confers immunotherapeutic sensitivity in triple-negative breast cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 135:156051. [PMID: 39299097 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most intractable subgroup of breast neoplasms due to its aggressive nature. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have exhibited potential efficacy in TNBC treatment. However, only a limited fraction of patients benefit from ICI therapy, primarily because of the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Trametes robiniophila Murr (Huaier) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with potential immunoregulatory functions. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. PURPOSE The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic role of Huaier in the TIME of TNBC patients. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to systematically analyze the influence of Huaier on the TNBC microenvironment for the first time. The mechanisms of the Huaier-induced suppression of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were assessed via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR) and western blotting. A tumor-bearing mouse model was established to verify the effects of the oral administration of Huaier on immune infiltration. RESULTS Unsupervised clustering of the transcriptional profiles suggested an increase in the number of apoptotic cancer cells in the Huaier group. Treatment with Huaier induced immunological alterations from a "cold" to a "hot" state, which was accompanied by phenotypic changes in CAFs. Mechanistic analysis revealed that Huaier considerably attenuated the formation of myofibroblastic CAFs (myoCAFs) by impairing transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/SMAD signaling. In mouse xenograft models, Huaier dramatically modulated CAF differentiation, thus synergizing with the programmed cell death 1 (PD1) blockade to impede tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that Huaier regulates cancer immunity in TNBC by suppressing the transition of CAFs to myoCAFs and emphasize the crucial role of Huaier as an effective adjuvant agent in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Luyao Xing
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Research Institute of Breast Cancer, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Khodr V, Clauzier L, Machillot P, Sales A, Migliorini E, Picart C. Development of an automated high-content immunofluorescence assay of pSmads quantification: Proof-of-concept with drugs inhibiting the BMP/TGF-β pathways. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2400007. [PMID: 39295554 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and transforming growth factors (TGF-β) are members of the TGF-β superfamily, known for their roles in several physiological and pathological processes. These factors are known to bind in vivo to BMP and TGF-β receptors, respectively, which induces the phosphorylation of Smad (pSmad) transcription factors. This pathway is generally studied with Western blot and luciferase bioluminescence assay, which presents some limitations. PURPOSE In this work, we developed and optimized a high-throughput assay to study pSmad pathways using immunofluorescence (IF) as an alternative to Western blot. We aimed to overcome the technical challenges usually faced in the classical IF assay in image acquisition, analysis, and quantification. METHODS We used C2C12 cells as a cellular model. The cells were stimulated with BMP-2 and TGF-β1 that were delivered either in solution (soluble) or via a biomaterial presenting the growth factor (GF), that is in a "matrix-bound" manner. Image acquisition parameters, analysis methods, and quantification of pSmads using IF were optimized for cells cultured on two types of supports: on bare glass and on a biomimetic coating made by self-assembly of the biopolymers hyaluronic acid and poly(l-lysine), which was crosslinked and then loaded with the GFs. RESULTS We performed high-content kinetic studies of pSmad expression for cells cultured in 96-well microplates in response to soluble and matrix-bound BMP-2 and TGF-β1. The detection limit of the IF-based assay was found to be similar to Western blot. Additionally, we provide a proof-of-concept for drug testing using inhibitors of BMP and TGF-β receptors, under conditions where specific signaling pathways are engaged via the ligand/receptor interactions. Altogether, our findings offer perspectives for future mechanistic studies on cell signaling and for studies at the single cell level using imaging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valia Khodr
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, U1292 Biosanté, CNRS EMR BRM, Grenoble cedex, France
- CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Technology, LMGP, UMR, Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Clauzier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, U1292 Biosanté, CNRS EMR BRM, Grenoble cedex, France
| | - Paul Machillot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, U1292 Biosanté, CNRS EMR BRM, Grenoble cedex, France
| | - Adrià Sales
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, U1292 Biosanté, CNRS EMR BRM, Grenoble cedex, France
| | - Elisa Migliorini
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, U1292 Biosanté, CNRS EMR BRM, Grenoble cedex, France
| | - Catherine Picart
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, U1292 Biosanté, CNRS EMR BRM, Grenoble cedex, France
- CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Technology, LMGP, UMR, Grenoble, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Jafarinia H, Khalilimeybodi A, Barrasa-Fano J, Fraley SI, Rangamani P, Carlier A. Insights gained from computational modeling of YAP/TAZ signaling for cellular mechanotransduction. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:90. [PMID: 39147782 PMCID: PMC11327324 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
YAP/TAZ signaling pathway is regulated by a multiplicity of feedback loops, crosstalk with other pathways, and both mechanical and biochemical stimuli. Computational modeling serves as a powerful tool to unravel how these different factors can regulate YAP/TAZ, emphasizing biophysical modeling as an indispensable tool for deciphering mechanotransduction and its regulation of cell fate. We provide a critical review of the current state-of-the-art of computational models focused on YAP/TAZ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Jafarinia
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Khalilimeybodi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA
| | - Jorge Barrasa-Fano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie I Fraley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA.
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Tian M, Lu Z, Luo J, Han H, Wen D, Zhao M, Zhu Z, Hua H. Analysis of the roles of MAD proteins in the wing dimorphism of Nilaparvata lugens. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38961475 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Wing dimorphism in Nilaparvata lugens is controlled by the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling - Forkhead transcription factors (IIS-FoxO) pathway. However, the role of this signal in the wing development program remains largely unclear. Here, we identified 2 R-SMAD proteins, NlMAD1 and NlMAD2, in the brown planthopper (BPH) transcriptome, derived from the intrinsic transforming growth factor-β pathway of insect wing development. Both proteins share high sequence similarity and conserved domains. Phylogenetic analysis placed them in the R-SMAD group and revealed related insect orthologs. The expression of Nlmad1 was elevated in the late instar stages of the macropterous BPH strain. Nlmad1 knockdown in nymphs results in malformed wings and reduced wing size in adults, which affects the forewing membrane. By contrast, Nlmad2 expression was relatively consistent across BPH strains and different developmental stages. Nlmad2 knockdown had a milder effect on wing morphology and mainly affected forewing veins and cuticle thickness in the brachypterous strain. NlMAD1 functions downstream of the IIS-FoxO pathway by mediating the FoxO-regulated vestigial transcription and wing morph switching. Inhibiting Nlmad1 partially reversed the long-winged phenotype caused by NlFoxO knockdown. These findings indicate that NlMAD1 and NlMAD2 play distinct roles in regulating wing development and morph differentiation in BPH. Generally, NlMAD1 is a key mediator of the IIS-FoxO pathway in wing morph switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Tian
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeiwei Lu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiguang Luo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Research Center of Quality Safety and Standards for Agro-Products), Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, China
| | - Huilin Han
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Wen
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhua Zhao
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Doyle C, Callaghan B, Roodnat AW, Armstrong L, Lester K, Simpson DA, Atkinson SD, Sheridan C, McKenna DJ, Willoughby CE. The TGFβ Induced MicroRNAome of the Trabecular Meshwork. Cells 2024; 13:1060. [PMID: 38920689 PMCID: PMC11201560 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a progressive optic neuropathy with a complex, multifactorial aetiology. Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most important clinically modifiable risk factor for POAG. All current pharmacological agents target aqueous humour dynamics to lower IOP. Newer therapeutic agents are required as some patients with POAG show a limited therapeutic response or develop ocular and systemic side effects to topical medication. Elevated IOP in POAG results from cellular and molecular changes in the trabecular meshwork driven by increased levels of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) in the anterior segment of the eye. Understanding how TGFβ affects both the structural and functional changes in the outflow pathway and IOP is required to develop new glaucoma therapies that target the molecular pathology in the trabecular meshwork. In this study, we evaluated the effects of TGF-β1 and -β2 treatment on miRNA expression in cultured human primary trabecular meshwork cells. Our findings are presented in terms of specific miRNAs (miRNA-centric), but given miRNAs work in networks to control cellular pathways and processes, a pathway-centric view of miRNA action is also reported. Evaluating TGFβ-responsive miRNA expression in trabecular meshwork cells will further our understanding of the important pathways and changes involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and could lead to the development of miRNAs as new therapeutic modalities in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsey Doyle
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (C.D.); (A.W.R.); (L.A.); (S.D.A.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Breedge Callaghan
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (C.D.); (A.W.R.); (L.A.); (S.D.A.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Anton W. Roodnat
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (C.D.); (A.W.R.); (L.A.); (S.D.A.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Lee Armstrong
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (C.D.); (A.W.R.); (L.A.); (S.D.A.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Karen Lester
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (C.D.); (A.W.R.); (L.A.); (S.D.A.); (D.J.M.)
| | - David A. Simpson
- Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens’ University, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK;
| | - Sarah D. Atkinson
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (C.D.); (A.W.R.); (L.A.); (S.D.A.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Carl Sheridan
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK;
| | - Declan J. McKenna
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (C.D.); (A.W.R.); (L.A.); (S.D.A.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Colin E. Willoughby
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (C.D.); (A.W.R.); (L.A.); (S.D.A.); (D.J.M.)
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Wei E, Hu M, Wu L, Pan X, Zhu Q, Liu H, Liu Y. TGF-β signaling regulates differentiation of MSCs in bone metabolism: disputes among viewpoints. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:156. [PMID: 38816830 PMCID: PMC11140988 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03761-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into cells of different lineages to form mesenchymal tissues, which are promising in regard to treatment for bone diseases. Their osteogenic differentiation is under the tight regulation of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is an essential growth factor in bone metabolism, which regulates the differentiation of MSCs. However, published studies differ in their views on whether TGF-β signaling regulates the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs positively or negatively. The controversial results have not been summarized systematically and the related explanations are required. Therefore, we reviewed the basics of TGF-β signaling and summarized how each of three isoforms regulates osteogenic differentiation. Three isoforms of TGF-β (TGF-β1/β2/β3) play distinct roles in regulating osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Additionally, other possible sources of conflicts are summarized here. Further understanding of TGF-β signaling regulation in MSCs may lead to new applications to promote bone regeneration and improve therapies for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Wei
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices& Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology , No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Menglong Hu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices& Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology , No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Likun Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices& Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology , No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xingtong Pan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices& Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology , No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Qiyue Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices& Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology , No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices& Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials , Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices& Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology , No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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Li Y, Deng D, Höfer CT, Kim J, Do Heo W, Xu Q, Liu X, Zi Z. Liebig's law of the minimum in the TGF-β/SMAD pathway. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012072. [PMID: 38753874 PMCID: PMC11135686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells use signaling pathways to sense and respond to their environments. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway produces context-specific responses. Here, we combined modeling and experimental analysis to study the dependence of the output of the TGF-β pathway on the abundance of signaling molecules in the pathway. We showed that the TGF-β pathway processes the variation of TGF-β receptor abundance using Liebig's law of the minimum, meaning that the output-modifying factor is the signaling protein that is most limited, to determine signaling responses across cell types and in single cells. We found that the abundance of either the type I (TGFBR1) or type II (TGFBR2) TGF-β receptor determined the responses of cancer cell lines, such that the receptor with relatively low abundance dictates the response. Furthermore, nuclear SMAD2 signaling correlated with the abundance of TGF-β receptor in single cells depending on the relative expression levels of TGFBR1 and TGFBR2. A similar control principle could govern the heterogeneity of signaling responses in other signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Li
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Otto Warburg Laboratory, Berlin, Germany
| | - Difan Deng
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chris Tina Höfer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Do Heo
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Quanbin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Xuedong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Zhike Zi
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Otto Warburg Laboratory, Berlin, Germany
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, Berlin, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Sakai T, Choo YY, Mitsuhashi S, Ikebe R, Jeffers A, Idell S, Tucker TA, Ikebe M. Myocardin regulates fibronectin expression and secretion from human pleural mesothelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L419-L430. [PMID: 38349126 PMCID: PMC11281794 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00271.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
During the progression of pleural fibrosis, pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) undergo a phenotype switching process known as mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MesoMT). During MesoMT, transformed PMCs become myofibroblasts that produce increased extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including collagen and fibronectin (FN1) that is critical to develop fibrosis. Here, we studied the mechanism that regulates FN1 expression in myofibroblasts derived from human pleural mesothelial cells (HPMCs). We found that myocardin (Myocd), a transcriptional coactivator of serum response factor (SRF) and a master regulator of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle differentiation, strongly controls FN1 gene expression. Myocd gene silencing markedly inhibited FN1 expression. FN1 promoter analysis revealed that deletion of the Smad3-binding element diminished FN1 promoter activity, whereas deletion of the putative SRF-binding element increased FN1 promoter activity. Smad3 gene silencing decreased FN1 expression, whereas SRF gene silencing increased FN1 expression. Moreover, SRF competes with Smad3 for binding to Myocd. These results indicate that Myocd activates FN1 expression through Smad3, whereas SRF inhibits FN1 expression in HPMCs. In HPMCs, TGF-β induced Smad3 nuclear localization, and the proximity ligation signal between Myocd and Smad3 was markedly increased after TGF-β stimulation at nucleus, suggesting that TGF-β facilitates nuclear translocation of Smad3 and interaction between Smad3 and Myocd. Moreover, Myocd and Smad3 were coimmunoprecipitated and isolated Myocd and Smad3 proteins directly bound each other. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Myocd interacts with the FN1 promoter at the Smad3-binding consensus sequence. The results indicate that Myocd regulates FN1 gene activation through interaction and activation of the Smad3 transcription factor.NEW & NOTEWORTHY During phenotype switching from mesothelial to mesenchymal, pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) produce extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including collagen and fibronectin (FN1), critical components in the development of fibrosis. Here, we found that myocardin, a transcriptional coactivator of serum response factor (SRF), strongly activates FN1 expression through Smad3, whereas SRF inhibits FN1 expression. This study provides insights about the regulation of FN1 that could lead to the development of novel interventional approaches to prevent pleural fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Sakai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Young-Yeon Choo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Shinya Mitsuhashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Reiko Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Ann Jeffers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Steven Idell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Torry A Tucker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
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Zinski J, Chung H, Joshi P, Warrick F, Berg BD, Glova G, McGrail M, Balciunas D, Friedberg I, Mullins M. EpicTope: narrating protein sequence features to identify non-disruptive epitope tagging sites. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.03.583232. [PMID: 38559275 PMCID: PMC10979891 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.03.583232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Epitope tagging is an invaluable technique enabling the identification, tracking, and purification of proteins in vivo. We developed a tool, EpicTope, to facilitate this method by identifying amino acid positions suitable for epitope insertion. Our method uses a scoring function that considers multiple protein sequence and structural features to determine locations least disruptive to the protein's function. We validated our approach on the zebrafish Smad5 protein, showing that multiple predicted internally tagged Smad5 proteins rescue zebrafish smad5 mutant embryos, while the N- and C-terminal tagged variants do not, also as predicted. We further show that the internally tagged Smad5 proteins are accessible to antibodies in wholemount zebrafish embryo immunohistochemistry and by western blot. Our work demonstrates that EpicTope is an accessible and effective tool for designing epitope tag insertion sites. EpicTope is available under a GPL-3 license from: https://github.com/FriedbergLab/Epictope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zinski
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Henri Chung
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University
| | - Parnal Joshi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University
| | - Finn Warrick
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | | | - Greg Glova
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Maura McGrail
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University
| | - Darius Balciunas
- Department of Biology, Temple University
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University
| | - Iddo Friedberg
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University
| | - Mary Mullins
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
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10
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Koosha E, Brenna CTA, Ashique AM, Jain N, Ovens K, Koike T, Kitagawa H, Eames BF. Proteoglycan inhibition of canonical BMP-dependent cartilage maturation delays endochondral ossification. Development 2024; 151:dev201716. [PMID: 38117077 PMCID: PMC10820745 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
During endochondral ossification, chondrocytes secrete a proteoglycan (PG)-rich extracellular matrix that can inhibit the process of cartilage maturation, including expression of Ihh and Col10a1. Because bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) can promote cartilage maturation, we hypothesized that cartilage PGs normally inhibit BMP signalling. Accordingly, BMP signalling was evaluated in chondrocytes of wild-type and PG mutant (fam20b-/-) zebrafish and inhibited with temporal control using the drug DMH1 or an inducible dominant-negative BMP receptor transgene (dnBMPR). Compared with wild type, phospho-Smad1/5/9, but not phospho-p38, was increased in fam20b-/- chondrocytes, but only after they secreted PGs. Phospho-Smad1/5/9 was decreased in DMH1-treated or dnBMPR-activated wild-type chondrocytes, and DMH1 also decreased phospho-p38 levels. ihha and col10a1a were decreased in DMH1-treated or dnBMPR-activated chondrocytes, and less perichondral bone formed. Finally, early ihha and col10a1a expression and early perichondral bone formation of fam20b mutants were rescued with DMH1 treatment or dnBMPR activation. Therefore, PG inhibition of canonical BMP-dependent cartilage maturation delays endochondral ossification, and these results offer hope for the development of growth factor therapies for skeletal defects of PG diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Koosha
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Connor T. A. Brenna
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Amir M. Ashique
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Niteesh Jain
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Katie Ovens
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Toshiyasu Koike
- Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0003, Japan
| | - B. Frank Eames
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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11
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Koyya P, Manthari RK, Pandrangi SL. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - The Protective Agent Against Neurological Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:353-366. [PMID: 37287291 PMCID: PMC11348470 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230607110617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The burden of neurological illnesses on global health is significant. Our perception of the molecular and biological mechanisms underlying intellectual processing and behavior has significantly advanced over the last few decades, laying the groundwork for potential therapies for various neurodegenerative diseases. A growing body of literature reveals that most neurodegenerative diseases could be due to the gradual failure of neurons in the brain's neocortex, hippocampus, and various subcortical areas. Research on various experimental models has uncovered several gene components to understand the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. One among them is the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which performs several vital functions, enhancing synaptic plasticity and assisting in the emergence of long-term thoughts. The pathophysiology of some neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Schizophrenia, and Huntington's, has been linked to BDNF. According to numerous research, high levels of BDNF are connected to a lower risk of developing a neurodegenerative disease. As a result, we want to concentrate on BDNF in this article and outline its protective role against neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathyusha Koyya
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Santhi Latha Pandrangi
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GITAM School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
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12
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Ge R, Huang GM. Targeting transforming growth factor beta signaling in metastatic osteosarcoma. J Bone Oncol 2023; 43:100513. [PMID: 38021074 PMCID: PMC10666000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2023.100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a rare type of bone cancer, and half of the cases affect children and adolescents younger than 20 years of age. Despite intensive efforts to improve both chemotherapeutics and surgical management, the clinical outcome for metastatic osteosarcoma remains poor. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is one of the most abundant growth factors in bones. The TGF-β signaling pathway has complex and contradictory roles in the pathogenesis of human cancers. TGF-β is primarily a tumor suppressor that inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of premalignant epithelial cells. In the later stages of cancer progression, however, TGF-β functions as a metastasis promoter by promoting tumor growth, inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), blocking antitumor immune responses, increasing tumor-associated fibrosis, and enhancing angiogenesis. In contrast with the dual effects of TGF-β on carcinoma (epithelial origin) progression, TGF-β seems to mainly have a pro-tumoral effect on sarcomas including osteosarcoma (mesenchymal origin). Many drugs that target TGF-β signaling have been developed: neutralizing antibodies that prevent TGF-β binding to receptor complexes; ligand trap employing recombinant Fc-fusion proteins containing the soluble ectodomain of either type II (TβRII) or the type III receptor ((TβRIII), preventing TGF-β from binding to its receptors; antisense nucleotides that reduce TGF-β expression at the transcriptional/translational level; small molecule inhibitors of serine/threonine kinases of the type I receptor (TβRI) preventing downstream signaling; and vaccines that contain cell lines transfected with TβRII antisense genes, or target furin convertase, resulting in reduced TGF-β signaling. TGF-β antagonists have been shown to have effects on osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. One of the small molecule TβRI inhibitors, Vactosertib, is currently undergoing a phase 1/2 clinical trial to evaluate its effect on osteosarcoma. Several phase 1/2/3 clinical trials have shown TGF-β antagonists are safe and well tolerated. For instance, Luspatercept, a TGF-β ligand trap, has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of anemia associated with myeloid dysplastic syndrome (MDS) with ring sideroblasts/mutated SF3B1 with acceptable safety. Clinical trials evaluating the long-term safety of Luspatercept are in process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Ge
- Hillman Cancer Center at Central Pennsylvania, University of Pittsburg Medical Center, Harrisburg, PA, 17109, USA
| | - Gavin M. Huang
- Harrisburg Academy School, 10 Erford Rd, Wormleysburg, PA, 17043, USA
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13
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Abdullah A, Herdenberg C, Hedman H. Ligand-specific regulation of transforming growth factor beta superfamily factors by leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains proteins. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289726. [PMID: 37603563 PMCID: PMC10441800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG) are transmembrane proteins shown to promote bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammals. BMPs comprise a subfamily of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily, or TGFβ family, of ligands. In mammals, LRIG1 and LRIG3 promote BMP4 signaling. BMP6 signaling, but not BMP9 signaling, is also regulated by LRIG proteins, although the specific contributions of LRIG1, LRIG2, and LRIG3 have not been investigated, nor is it known whether other mammalian TGFβ family members are regulated by LRIG proteins. To address these questions, we took advantage of Lrig-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with doxycycline-inducible LRIG1, LRIG2, and LRIG3 alleles, which were stimulated with ligands representing all the major TGFβ family subgroups. By analyzing the signal mediators pSmad1/5 and pSmad3, as well as the induction of Id1 expression, we showed that LRIG1 promoted BMP2, BMP4, and BMP6 signaling and suppressed GDF7 signaling; LRIG2 promoted BMP2 and BMP4 signaling; and LRIG3 promoted BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and GDF7 signaling. BMP9 and BMP10 signaling was not regulated by individual LRIG proteins, however, it was enhanced in Lrig-null cells. LRIG proteins did not regulate TGFβ1-induced pSmad1/5 signaling, or GDF11- or TGFβ1-induced pSmad3 signaling. Taken together, our results show that some, but not all, TGFβ family ligands are regulated by LRIG proteins and that the three LRIG proteins display differential regulatory effects. LRIG proteins thereby provide regulatory means for the cell to further diversify the signaling outcomes generated by a limited number of TGFβ family ligands and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Abdullah
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl Herdenberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Håkan Hedman
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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14
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Lin X, Pang Q, Hu J, Sun J, Dai S, Yu Y, Xu J. SUMOylation mediates the disassembly of the Smad4 nuclear export complex via RanGAP1 in KELOIDS. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:1045-1055. [PMID: 36916534 PMCID: PMC10098277 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sentrin/small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) has emerged as a powerful mediator regulating biological processes and participating in pathophysiological processes that cause human diseases, such as cancer, myocardial fibrosis and neurological disorders. Sumoylation has been shown to play a positive regulatory role in keloids. However, the sumoylation mechanism in keloids remains understudied. We proposed that sumoylation regulates keloids via a complex. RanGAP1 acted as a synergistic, functional partner of SUMOs in keloids. Nuclear accumulation of Smad4, a TGF-β/Smad pathway member, was associated with RanGAP1 after SUMO1 inhibition. RanGAP1*SUMO1 mediated the nuclear accumulation of Smad4 due to its impact on nuclear export and reduction in the dissociation of Smad4 and CRM1. We clarified a novel mechanism of positive regulation of sumoylation in keloids and demonstrated the function of sumoylation in Smad4 nuclear export. The NPC-associated RanGAP1*SUMO1 complex functions as a disassembly machine for the export receptor CRM1 and Smad4. Our research provides new perspectives for the mechanisms of keloids and nucleocytoplasmic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Pang
- Ningbo Hwamei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siya Dai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijia Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Ning B, Huang J, Xu H, Lou Y, Wang W, Mu F, Yan X, Li H, Wang N. Genomic organization, intragenic tandem duplication, and expression analysis of chicken TGFBR2 gene. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102169. [PMID: 36201879 PMCID: PMC9535321 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta receptor Ⅱ (TGFBR2), a core member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. To date, chicken TGFBR2 (cTGFBR2) genomic structure has not been fully explored. Here, the complete sequences of cTGFBR2 transcript isoforms were determined by 5′ and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5′ & 3′ RACE) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); the tissue expression profiling of cTGFBR2 transcript isoforms was performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed that cTGFBR2 gene produced 3 transcript isoforms though alternative transcription initiation, splicing, and polyadenylation, which were designated as cTGFBR2-1, cTGFBR2-2, and cTGFBR2-3, respectively. These 3 cTGFBR2 transcript isoforms encoded 3 protein isoforms: cTGFBR2-1, cTGFBR2-2, and cTGFBR2-3. Duplication analysis revealed that, unlike other animal species, cTGFBR2 gene harbored a 5.5-kb intragenic tandem duplication. Tissue expression profiling in the 4-wk-old Arbor Acres (AA) broiler chickens showed that cTGFBR2-1 was ubiquitously expressed, with high expression in abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat, lung, gizzard, and muscle; cTGFBR2-2 was highly expressed in heart, kidney, gizzard, and muscle; cTGFBR2-3 was weakly expressed in all the tested chicken tissues. Tissue expression profiling in the 7-wk-old broiler chickens of the fat and lean lines of Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content (NEAUHLF) showed that cTGFBR2-1 was significantly differentially expressed in all the tested tissues except heart, cTGFBR2-2 was significantly differentially expressed in all the tested tissues except subcutaneous fat and liver, and cTGFBR2-3 was significantly differentially expressed in all the tested tissues between the lean and fat lines. Intriguingly, in the fat line, the 3 cTGFBR2 transcript isoforms were expressed to varying degrees in all the 3 tested fat tissues, while in the lean line, only cTGFBR2-1 was expressed in all the 3 tested fat tissues. This is the first report of intragenic tandem duplication within TGFBR2 gene. Our findings pave the way for further studies on the functions and regulation of cTGFBR2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Ning
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Haidong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuqi Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Weishi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fang Mu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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16
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Du H, Le G, Hou L, Mao X, Liu S, Huang K. Nontoxic Concentration of Ochratoxin A Aggravates Renal Fibrosis Induced by Adriamycin/Cyclosporine A Nephropathy via TGF-β1/SMAD2/3. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14005-14014. [PMID: 36278938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is the most common contaminant in food and feed, which causes nephrotoxicity. Studies revealed that a low level of OTA contamination could also cause physiological dysfunction. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become an important public health problem with increasing morbidity. However, the potential effect of nontoxic OTA on CKD remains uncertain. In this study, adriamycin (ADR) and cyclosporine A (CSA) were used to stimulate glomerular nephropathy and tubular nephropathy, respectively. Renal injury was aggravated due to OTA (0.25 mg/kg) exposure in the mouse nephropathy models, assessing by renal histomorphology and the detection of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatine (SCr) levels. We noticed that nontoxic dosage of OTA increased the expression of fibrotic factors, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and Vimentin in a nephropathic mouse, which indicated the exacerbation of ADR/CSA-induced renal fibrosis. We conducted in vitro experiments in glomerular mesangial cells and renal tubular epithelial cells. Nontoxic concentration of OTA was found to exacerbate the cytotoxicity of ADR/CSA and intensify renal fibrosis by activating TGF-β1/SMAD2/3. Thus, this study may provide convincing evidence for the prevention of CKD aggravation and the renewal of food hygiene standards in mycotoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guannan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lili Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinru Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuiping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
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17
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Fowler EW, van Venrooy EJ, Witt RL, Jia X. A TGFβR inhibitor represses keratin-7 expression in 3D cultures of human salivary gland progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15008. [PMID: 36056161 PMCID: PMC9440137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland tissue engineering offers an attractive alternative for the treatment of radiation-induced xerostomia. Key to the success of this approach is the maintenance and expansion of secretory acinar cells in vitro. However, recent studies revealed that in vitro culture of primary salivary gland epithelial cells led to undesirable upregulation of the expression of keratin-7 (K7), a marker of ductal phenotype and frequently associated with cellular stress. We have previously shown that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based, RGDSP-decorated hydrogels support the 3D growth and assembly of primary human salivary gland stem/progenitor cells (hS/PCs). Here, we investigate whether the RGDSP culture also promotes K7 expression, and if so, what factors govern the K7 expression. Compared to hS/PCs maintained in blank HA gels, those grown in RGDSP cultures expressed a significantly higher level of K7. In other tissues, various transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily members are reported to regulate K7 expression. Similarly, our immunoblot array and ELISA experiments confirmed the increased expression of TGF-β1 and growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in RGDSP cultures. However, 2D model studies show that only TGF-β1 is required to induce K7 expression in hS/PCs. Immunocytochemical analysis of the intracellular effectors of TGF-β signaling, SMAD 2/3, further confirmed the elevated TGF-β signaling in RGDSP cultures. To maximize the regenerative potential of h/SPCs, cultures were treated with a pharmacological inhibitor of TGF-β receptor, A83-01. Our results show that A83-01 treatment can repress K7 expression not only in 3D RGDSP cultures but also under 2D conditions with exogenous TGF-β1. Collectively, we provide a link between TGF-β signaling and K7 expression in hS/PC cultures and demonstrate the effectiveness of TGF-β inhibition to repress K7 expression while maintaining the ability of RGDSP-conjugated HA gels to facilitate the rapid development of amylase expressing spheroids. These findings represent an important step towards regenerating salivary function with a tissue-engineered salivary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Fowler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Emmett J van Venrooy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Robert L Witt
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Christiana Care, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
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18
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Kelenis DP, Rodarte KE, Kollipara RK, Pozo K, Choudhuri SP, Spainhower KB, Wait SJ, Stastny V, Oliver TG, Johnson JE. Inhibition of Karyopherin β1-Mediated Nuclear Import Disrupts Oncogenic Lineage-Defining Transcription Factor Activity in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3058-3073. [PMID: 35748745 PMCID: PMC9444950 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genomic studies support the classification of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) into subtypes based on the expression of lineage-defining transcription factors ASCL1 and NEUROD1, which together are expressed in ∼86% of SCLC. ASCL1 and NEUROD1 activate SCLC oncogene expression, drive distinct transcriptional programs, and maintain the in vitro growth and oncogenic properties of ASCL1 or NEUROD1-expressing SCLC. ASCL1 is also required for tumor formation in SCLC mouse models. A strategy to inhibit the activity of these oncogenic drivers may therefore provide both a targeted therapy for the predominant SCLC subtypes and a tool to investigate the underlying lineage plasticity of established SCLC tumors. However, there are no known agents that inhibit ASCL1 or NEUROD1 function. In this study, we identify a novel strategy to pharmacologically target ASCL1 and NEUROD1 activity in SCLC by exploiting the nuclear localization required for the function of these transcription factors. Karyopherin β1 (KPNB1) was identified as a nuclear import receptor for both ASCL1 and NEUROD1 in SCLC, and inhibition of KPNB1 led to impaired ASCL1 and NEUROD1 nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity. Pharmacologic targeting of KPNB1 preferentially disrupted the growth of ASCL1+ and NEUROD1+ SCLC cells in vitro and suppressed ASCL1+ tumor growth in vivo, an effect mediated by a combination of impaired ASCL1 downstream target expression, cell-cycle activity, and proteostasis. These findings broaden the support for targeting nuclear transport as an anticancer therapeutic strategy and have implications for targeting lineage-transcription factors in tumors beyond SCLC. SIGNIFICANCE The identification of KPNB1 as a nuclear import receptor for lineage-defining transcription factors in SCLC reveals a viable therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetra P. Kelenis
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kathia E. Rodarte
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rahul K. Kollipara
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Karine Pozo
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Kyle B. Spainhower
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sarah J. Wait
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Victor Stastny
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Trudy G. Oliver
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jane E. Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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19
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Zhong W, Chen W, Liu Y, Zhang J, Lu Y, Wan X, Qiao Y, Huang H, Zeng Z, Li W, Meng X, Zhao H, Zou M, Cai S, Dong H. Extracellular HSP90α promotes cellular senescence by modulating TGF-β signaling in pulmonary fibrosis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22475. [PMID: 35899478 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200406rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that extracellular heat shock protein 90α (eHSP90α) promotes pulmonary fibrosis, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Aging, especially cellular senescence, is a critical risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Here, we aim to investigate the role of eHSP90α on cellular senescence in IPF. Our results found that eHSP90α was upregulated in bleomycin (BLM)-induced mice, which correlated with the expression of senescence markers. This increase in eHSP90α mediated fibroblast senescence and facilitated mitochondrial dysfunction. eHSP90α activated TGF-β signaling through the phosphorylation of the SMAD complex. The SMAD complex binding to p53 and p21 promoters triggered their transcription. In vivo, the blockade of eHSP90α with 1G6-D7, a specific eHSP90α antibody, in old mice attenuated the BLM-induced lung fibrosis. Our findings elucidate a crucial mechanism underlying eHSP90α-induced cellular senescence, providing a framework for aging-related fibrosis interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimou Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Qiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haohua Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojin Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, The USC-Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haijin Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengchen Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoxi Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hangming Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Chmielowiec J, Szlachcic WJ, Yang D, Scavuzzo MA, Wamble K, Sarrion-Perdigones A, Sabek OM, Venken KJT, Borowiak M. Human pancreatic microenvironment promotes β-cell differentiation via non-canonical WNT5A/JNK and BMP signaling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1952. [PMID: 35414140 PMCID: PMC9005503 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro derivation of pancreatic β-cells from human pluripotent stem cells holds promise as diabetes treatment. Despite recent progress, efforts to generate physiologically competent β-cells are still hindered by incomplete understanding of the microenvironment's role in β-cell development and maturation. Here, we analyze the human mesenchymal and endothelial primary cells from weeks 9-20 fetal pancreas and identify a time point-specific microenvironment that permits β-cell differentiation. Further, we uncover unique factors that guide in vitro development of endocrine progenitors, with WNT5A markedly improving human β-cell differentiation. WNT5A initially acts through the non-canonical (JNK/c-JUN) WNT signaling and cooperates with Gremlin1 to inhibit the BMP pathway during β-cell maturation. Interestingly, we also identify the endothelial-derived Endocan as a SST+ cell promoting factor. Overall, our study shows that the pancreatic microenvironment-derived factors can mimic in vivo conditions in an in vitro system to generate bona fide β-cells for translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Chmielowiec
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wojciech J Szlachcic
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Diane Yang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marissa A Scavuzzo
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Katrina Wamble
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alejandro Sarrion-Perdigones
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Omaima M Sabek
- Department of Surgery, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Koen J T Venken
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Malgorzata Borowiak
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland. .,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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21
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Wu G, Li Y. TGF-β induced reprogramming and drug resistance in triple-negative breast cells. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:23. [PMID: 35395809 PMCID: PMC8994282 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of drug resistance remains to be a major cause of therapeutic failure in breast cancer patients. How drug-sensitive cells first evade drug inhibition to proliferate remains to be fully investigated. METHODS Here we characterized the early transcriptional evolution in response to TGF-β in the human triple-negative breast cells through bioinformatical analysis using a published RNA-seq dataset, for which MCF10A cells were treated with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, and the RNA-seq were performed in biological duplicates. The protein-protein interaction networks of the differentially expressed genes were constructed. KEGG enrichment analysis, cis-regulatory sequence analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis were also performed to analyze the cellular reprograming induced by TGF-β and its contribution to the survival probability decline of breast cancer patients. RESULT Transcriptomic analysis revealed that cell growth was severely suppressed by TGF-β in the first 24 h but this anti-proliferate impact attenuated between 48 h and 72 h. The oncogenic actions of TGF-β happened within the same time frame with its anti-proliferative effects. In addition, sustained high expression of several drug resistance markers was observed after TGF-β treatment. We also identified 17 TGF-β induced genes that were highly correlated with the survival probability decline of breast cancer patients. CONCLUSION Together, TGF-β plays an important role in tumorigenesis and the development of drug resistance, which implies potential therapeutic strategies targeting the early-stage TGF-β signaling activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Wu
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuchao Li
- MegaLab, MegaRobo Technologies Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
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22
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She Y, Zhang Y, Xiao Z, Yuan G, Yang G. The regulation of Msx1 by BMP4/pSmad1/5 signaling is mediated by importin7 in dental mesenchymal cells. Cells Dev 2022; 169:203763. [PMID: 34995814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Msx1 is essential for the maintenance of the odontogenic fate of dental mesenchymal cells, and is regulated by BMP/Smad1/5 signaling in a Smad4-independent manner. However, the exact co-factors that assist pSmad1/5 entering the nucleus to regulate Msx1 in dental mesenchymal cells are still unknown. Importin7 (IPO7) is one of the important members of importin β-superfamily, which is mainly responsible for nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of RNAs and proteins, including transcription factors. This study aims to investigate whether IPO7 participates in the nuclear translocation of pSmad1/5 activated by BMP4 to regulate Msx1 expression in mouse dental mesenchymal cells. In the current study, we found that IPO7 was strongly expressed in the mouse dental mesenchymal cells at postnatal day 1 (PN1) both in vitro and in vivo. With BMP4 stimulation, IPO7 showed a translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Knockdown of IPO7 with siRNA inhibited the nuclear accumulation of pSmad1/5 in response to BMP4 stimulation. Furthermore, the co-immunoprecipitation assay showed pSmad1/5 was a nuclear import cargo of IPO7. Next, knockdown of IPO7 abolished the upregulation of Msx1 induced by BMP4, while overexpression of Smad1 was able to rescue the Msx1 expression. Finally, ChIP and Re-ChIP assay showed IPO7 facilitated the recruitment of pSmad1/5 to the Msx1 promoter. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the regulation of Msx1 by BMP4/pSmad1/5 signaling is mediated by importin7 in mouse dental mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei She
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziqiu Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guobin Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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23
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Gu F, Zhang K, Li J, Xie X, Wen Q, Sui Z, Su Z, Yu T. Changes of Migration, Immunoregulation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Different Stages of Inflammation. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:25-33. [PMID: 34975296 PMCID: PMC8692114 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.58428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone infection has always been the focus of orthopedic research. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the natural progenitors of osteoblasts, and the process of osteogenesis is triggered in response to different signals from the extracellular matrix. MSCs exert important functions including secretion and immune regulation and also play a key role in bone regeneration. The biological behavior of MSCs in acute and chronic inflammation, especially the transformation between acute inflammation and chronic inflammation, has aroused great interest among researchers. This paper reviews the recent literature and summarizes the behavior and biological characteristics of MSCs in acute and chronic inflammation to stimulate further research on MSCs and treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jiangbi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Qiangqiang Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Zhenjiang Sui
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Zilong Su
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Tiecheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
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24
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Cheng D, Semmens K, McManus E, Chen Q, Meerzaman D, Wang X, Hafner M, Lewis BA, Takahashi H, Devaiah BN, Gegonne A, Singer DS. The nuclear transcription factor, TAF7, is a cytoplasmic regulator of protein synthesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi5751. [PMID: 34890234 PMCID: PMC8664259 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi5751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The TFIID component, TAF7, has been extensively characterized as essential for transcription and is critical for cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, we report that TAF7 is a previously unknown RNA chaperone that contributes to the regulation of protein synthesis. Mechanistically, TAF7 binds RNAs in the nucleus and delivers them to cytoplasmic polysomes. A broad spectrum of target RNA species, including the HIV-1 transactivation response element, binds TAF7 through consensus CUG motifs within the 3′ untranslated region. Export to the cytoplasm depends on a TAF7 nuclear export signal and occurs by an exportin 1–dependent pathway. Notably, disrupting either TAF7’s RNA binding or its export from the nucleus results in retention of target messenger RNAs in the nucleus and reduced levels of the protein products of TAF7-target RNAs. Thus, TAF7, an essential transcription factor, plays a key role in the regulation of RNA translation, thereby potentially connecting these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cheng
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Semmens
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Elizabeth McManus
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qingrong Chen
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Daoud Meerzaman
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Xiantao Wang
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Markus Hafner
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian A. Lewis
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hidehisa Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 216-0004, Japan
| | | | - Anne Gegonne
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dinah S. Singer
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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25
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Decapentaplegic Acutely Defines the Connectivity of Central Pacemaker Neurons in Drosophila. J Neurosci 2021; 41:8338-8350. [PMID: 34429376 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0397-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic rest-activity cycles are controlled by an endogenous clock. In Drosophila, this clock resides in ∼150 neurons organized in clusters whose hierarchy changes in response to environmental conditions. The concerted activity of the circadian network is necessary for the adaptive responses to synchronizing environmental stimuli. Thus far, work was devoted to unravel the logic of the coordination of different clusters focusing on neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. We further explored communication in the adult male brain through ligands belonging to the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway. Herein we show that the lateral ventral neurons (LNvs) express the small morphogen decapentaplegic (DPP). DPP expression in the large LNvs triggered a period lengthening phenotype, the downregulation of which caused reduced rhythmicity and affected anticipation at dawn and dusk, underscoring DPP per se conveys time-of-day relevant information. Surprisingly, DPP expression in the large LNvs impaired circadian remodeling of the small LNv axonal terminals, likely through local modulation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Trio. These findings open the provocative possibility that the BMP pathway is recruited to strengthen/reduce the connectivity among specific clusters along the day and thus modulate the contribution of the clusters to the circadian network.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The circadian clock relies on the communication between groups of so-called clock neurons to coordinate physiology and behavior to the optimal times across the day, predicting and adapting to a changing environment. The circadian network relies on neurotransmitters and neuropeptides to fine-tune connectivity among clock neurons and thus give rise to a coherent output. Herein we show that decapentaplegic, a ligand belonging to the BMP retrograde signaling pathway required for coordinated growth during development, is recruited by a group of circadian neurons in the adult brain to trigger structural remodeling of terminals on a daily basis.
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26
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Xiong F, Groot EP, Zhang Y, Li S. Functions of plant importin β proteins beyond nucleocytoplasmic transport. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6140-6149. [PMID: 34089597 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, nuclear activities are isolated from other cellular functions by the nuclear envelope. Because the nuclear envelope provides a diffusion barrier for macromolecules, a complex nuclear transport machinery has evolved that is highly conserved from yeast to plants and mammals. Among those components, the importin β family is the most important one. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the biological function of importin β family members, including development, reproduction, abiotic stress responses, and plant immunity. In addition to the traditional nuclear transport function, we highlight the new molecular functions of importin β, including protein turnover, miRNA regulation, and signaling. Taken together, our review will provide a systematic view of this versatile protein family in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Edwin P Groot
- Sino-German Joint Research Center for Agricultural Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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27
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Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of the Mechanosensitive Transcription Factors MRTF and YAP /TAZ. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2299:197-216. [PMID: 34028745 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1382-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) and the paralogous Hippo pathway effectors Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are transcriptional co-activators that play pivotal roles in myofibroblast generation and activation, and thus the pathogenesis of organ fibrosis. They are regulated by a variety of chemical and mechanical fibrogenic stimuli, primarily at the level of their nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. In this chapter we describe the tools and protocols that allow for exact, quantitative, and automated determination and analysis of the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of endogenous or heterologously expressed MRTF and YAP/TAZ, measured in large cell populations. Dynamic monitoring of nucleocytoplasmic ratios of transcription factors is a novel and important approach, suitable to address both the structural requirements and the regulatory mechanisms underlying transcription factor traffic and the consequent reprogramming of gene expression during fibrogenesis.
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28
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Thielen N, Neefjes M, Wiegertjes R, van den Akker G, Vitters E, van Beuningen H, Blaney Davidson E, Koenders M, van Lent P, van de Loo F, van Caam A, van der Kraan P. Osteoarthritis-Related Inflammation Blocks TGF-β's Protective Effect on Chondrocyte Hypertrophy via (de)Phosphorylation of the SMAD2/3 Linker Region. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158124. [PMID: 34360888 PMCID: PMC8347103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by irreversible cartilage damage, inflammation and altered chondrocyte phenotype. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling via SMAD2/3 is crucial for blocking hypertrophy. The post-translational modifications of these SMAD proteins in the linker domain regulate their function and these can be triggered by inflammation through the activation of kinases or phosphatases. Therefore, we investigated if OA-related inflammation affects TGF-β signaling via SMAD2/3 linker-modifications in chondrocytes. We found that both Interleukin (IL)-1β and OA-synovium conditioned medium negated SMAD2/3 transcriptional activity in chondrocytes. This inhibition of TGF-β signaling was enhanced if SMAD3 could not be phosphorylated on Ser213 in the linker region and the inhibition by IL-1β was less if the SMAD3 linker could not be phosphorylated at Ser204. Our study shows evidence that inflammation inhibits SMAD2/3 signaling in chondrocytes via SMAD linker (de)-phosphorylation. The involvement of linker region modifications may represent a new therapeutic target for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Thielen
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 MD Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.T.); (M.N.); (R.W.); (E.V.); (H.v.B.); (E.B.D.); (M.K.); (P.v.L.); (F.v.d.L.); (A.v.C.)
| | - Margot Neefjes
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 MD Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.T.); (M.N.); (R.W.); (E.V.); (H.v.B.); (E.B.D.); (M.K.); (P.v.L.); (F.v.d.L.); (A.v.C.)
| | - Renske Wiegertjes
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 MD Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.T.); (M.N.); (R.W.); (E.V.); (H.v.B.); (E.B.D.); (M.K.); (P.v.L.); (F.v.d.L.); (A.v.C.)
| | - Guus van den Akker
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Elly Vitters
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 MD Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.T.); (M.N.); (R.W.); (E.V.); (H.v.B.); (E.B.D.); (M.K.); (P.v.L.); (F.v.d.L.); (A.v.C.)
| | - Henk van Beuningen
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 MD Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.T.); (M.N.); (R.W.); (E.V.); (H.v.B.); (E.B.D.); (M.K.); (P.v.L.); (F.v.d.L.); (A.v.C.)
| | - Esmeralda Blaney Davidson
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 MD Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.T.); (M.N.); (R.W.); (E.V.); (H.v.B.); (E.B.D.); (M.K.); (P.v.L.); (F.v.d.L.); (A.v.C.)
| | - Marije Koenders
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 MD Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.T.); (M.N.); (R.W.); (E.V.); (H.v.B.); (E.B.D.); (M.K.); (P.v.L.); (F.v.d.L.); (A.v.C.)
| | - Peter van Lent
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 MD Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.T.); (M.N.); (R.W.); (E.V.); (H.v.B.); (E.B.D.); (M.K.); (P.v.L.); (F.v.d.L.); (A.v.C.)
| | - Fons van de Loo
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 MD Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.T.); (M.N.); (R.W.); (E.V.); (H.v.B.); (E.B.D.); (M.K.); (P.v.L.); (F.v.d.L.); (A.v.C.)
| | - Arjan van Caam
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 MD Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.T.); (M.N.); (R.W.); (E.V.); (H.v.B.); (E.B.D.); (M.K.); (P.v.L.); (F.v.d.L.); (A.v.C.)
| | - Peter van der Kraan
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 MD Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.T.); (M.N.); (R.W.); (E.V.); (H.v.B.); (E.B.D.); (M.K.); (P.v.L.); (F.v.d.L.); (A.v.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Xu X, Hong P, Wang Z, Tang Z, Li K. MicroRNAs in Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Signaling Pathway Associated With Fibrosis Involving Different Systems of the Human Body. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:707461. [PMID: 34381815 PMCID: PMC8350386 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.707461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a major cause of morbidity and mortality, is a histopathological manifestation of many chronic inflammatory diseases affecting different systems of the human body. Two types of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways regulate fibrosis: the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway, represented by SMAD-2 and SMAD-3, and the noncanonical pathway, which functions without SMAD-2/3 participation and currently includes TGF-β/mitogen-activated protein kinases, TGF-β/SMAD-1/5, TGF-β/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt, TGF-β/Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription protein-3, and TGF-β/rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase signaling pathways. MicroRNA (miRNA), a type of non-coding single-stranded small RNA, comprises approximately 22 nucleotides encoded by endogenous genes, which can regulate physiological and pathological processes in fibrotic diseases, particularly affecting organs such as the liver, the kidney, the lungs, and the heart. The aim of this review is to introduce the characteristics of the canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathways and to classify miRNAs with regulatory effects on these two pathways based on the influenced organ. Further, we aim to summarize the limitations of the current research of the mechanisms of fibrosis, provide insights into possible future research directions, and propose therapeutic options for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengyu Hong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhefu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Concurrent YAP/TAZ and SMAD signaling mediate vocal fold fibrosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13484. [PMID: 34188130 PMCID: PMC8241934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92871-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vocal fold (VF) fibrosis is a major cause of intractable voice-related disability and reduced quality of life. Excision of fibrotic regions is suboptimal and associated with scar recurrence and/or further iatrogenic damage. Non-surgical interventions are limited, putatively related to limited insight regarding biochemical events underlying fibrosis, and downstream, the lack of therapeutic targets. YAP/TAZ integrates diverse cell signaling events and interacts with signaling pathways related to fibrosis, including the TGF-β/SMAD pathway. We investigated the expression of YAP/TAZ following vocal fold injury in vivo as well as the effects of TGF-β1 on YAP/TAZ activity in human vocal fold fibroblasts, fibroblast-myofibroblast transition, and TGF-β/SMAD signaling. Iatrogenic injury increased nuclear localization of YAP and TAZ in fibrotic rat vocal folds. In vitro, TGF-β1 activated YAP and TAZ in human VF fibroblasts, and inhibition of YAP/TAZ reversed TGF-β1-stimulated fibroplastic gene upregulation. Additionally, TGF-β1 induced localization of YAP and TAZ in close proximity to SMAD2/3, and nuclear accumulation of SMAD2/3 was inhibited by a YAP/TAZ inhibitor. Collectively, YAP and TAZ were synergistically activated with the TGF-β/SMAD pathway, and likely essential for the fibroplastic phenotypic shift in VF fibroblasts. Based on these data, YAP/TAZ may evolve as an attractive therapeutic target for VF fibrosis.
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Liu J, Xie D, Liu Z. Probing nucleus-enriched proteins in single living cells via a subcellular-resolved plasmonic immunosandwich assay. Analyst 2021; 146:2878-2885. [PMID: 33687045 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear proteins are crucial in cells and are greatly linked to various biological functions. Abnormal expression of nuclear proteins is associated with many diseases ranging from inflammation to cancer. However, it remains challenging to detect nuclear proteins in single cells because of their low abundance and complex subcellular environment. Herein, we report a subcellular-resolved plasmonic immunosandwich assay (srPISA), for probing nucleus-enriched proteins in single living cells with minimal disruption. We demonstrated the specific extraction and ultrasensitive detection capabilities of the srPISA by probing low-copy-number nuclear telomerase in single living cells and further compared the telomerase expression levels in these single cells. Additionally, we showed the subcellular resolving capability of the srPISA by probing the spatial distribution of smad2 in the nucleus and cytoplasm of single living cells. We found that smad2 was expressed both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, but showed different expression levels. Moreover, smad2 distributed more homogeneously in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm. Finally, the srPISA of nuclear telomerase in cell division strongly verified that the subcellular analytical results obtained by the srPISA are reliable. Overall, the srPISA approach allowed specific extraction and ultrasensitive detection of target low-copy-number proteins at the subcellular level, providing a unique and powerful single cell analysis tool for cell biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
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Zeb2 Is a Regulator of Astrogliosis and Functional Recovery after CNS Injury. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107834. [PMID: 32610135 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The astrocytic response to injury is characterized on the cellular level, but our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling the cellular processes is incomplete. The astrocytic response to injury is similar to wound-healing responses in non-neural tissues that involve epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) and upregulation in ZEB transcription factors. Here we show that injury-induced astrogliosis increases EMT-related genes expression, including Zeb2, and long non-coding RNAs, including Zeb2os, which facilitates ZEB2 protein translation. In mouse models of either contusive spinal cord injury or transient ischemic stroke, the conditional knockout of Zeb2 in astrocytes attenuates astrogliosis, generates larger lesions, and delays the recovery of motor function. These findings reveal ZEB2 as an important regulator of the astrocytic response to injury and suggest that astrogliosis is an EMT-like process, which provides a conceptual connection for the molecular and cellular similarities between astrogliosis and wound-healing responses in non-neural tissue.
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Fazal S, Bisserier M, Hadri L. Molecular and Genetic Profiling for Precision Medicines in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030638. [PMID: 33805595 PMCID: PMC7999465 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and chronic lung disease characterized by progressive occlusion of the small pulmonary arteries, which is associated with structural and functional alteration of the smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells within the pulmonary vasculature. Excessive vascular remodeling is, in part, responsible for high pulmonary vascular resistance and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure, increasing the transpulmonary gradient and the right ventricular “pressure overload”, which may result in right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and failure. Current technological advances in multi-omics approaches, high-throughput sequencing, and computational methods have provided valuable tools in molecular profiling and led to the identification of numerous genetic variants in PAH patients. In this review, we summarized the pathogenesis, classification, and current treatments of the PAH disease. Additionally, we outlined the latest next-generation sequencing technologies and the consequences of common genetic variants underlying PAH susceptibility and disease progression. Finally, we discuss the importance of molecular genetic testing for precision medicine in PAH and the future of genomic medicines, including gene-editing technologies and gene therapies, as emerging alternative approaches to overcome genetic disorders in PAH.
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Hu G, Xia Y, Chen B, Zhang J, Gong L, Chen Y, Li Q, Wang Y, Deng Z. ESC-sEVs Rejuvenate Aging Hippocampal NSCs by Transferring SMADs to Regulate the MYT1-Egln3-Sirt1 Axis. Mol Ther 2021; 29:103-120. [PMID: 33038325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue stem cell senescence leads to stem cell exhaustion, which results in tissue homeostasis imbalance and a decline in regeneration capacity. However, whether neural stem cell (NSC) senescence occurs and causes neurogenesis reduction during aging is unknown. In this study, mice at different ages were used to detect age-related hippocampal NSC (H-NSC) senescence, as well as the function and mechanism of embryonic stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (ESC-sEVs) in rejuvenating H-NSC senescence. We found a progressive cognitive impairment, as well as age-related H-NSC senescence, in mice. ESC-sEV treatment significantly alleviated H-NSC senescence, recovered compromised self-renewal and neurogenesis capacities, and reversed cognitive impairment. Transcriptome analysis revealed that myelin transcription factor 1 (MYT1) is downregulated in senescent H-NSCs but upregulated by ESC-sEV treatment. In addition, knockdown of MYT1 in young H-NSCs accelerated age-related phenotypes and impaired proliferation and differentiation capacities. Mechanistically, ESC-sEVs rejuvenated senescent H-NSCs partly by transferring SMAD family members 4 (SMAD4) and 5 (SMAD5) to activate MYT1, which downregulated egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 3 (Egln3), followed by activation of hypoxia inducible factor 2 subunit α (HIF-2α), nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT), and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) successively. Taken together, our results indicated that H-NSC senescence caused cellular exhaustion, neurogenesis reduction, and cognitive impairment during aging, which can be reversed by ESC-sEVs. Thus, ESC-sEVs may be promising therapeutic candidates for age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowen Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yuguo Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Bi Chen
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Juntao Zhang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Liangzhi Gong
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Zhifeng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, Zarrin V, Moghadam ER, Hashemi F, Makvandi P, Samarghandian S, Khan H, Hashemi F, Najafi M, Mirzaei H. Toward Regulatory Effects of Curcumin on Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Across Different Diseases: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:585413. [PMID: 33381035 PMCID: PMC7767860 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.585413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune response, proliferation, migration and angiogenesis are juts a few of cellular events that are regulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in cells. A number of studies have documented that TGF-β undergoes abnormal expression in different diseases, e.g., diabetes, cancer, fibrosis, asthma, arthritis, among others. This has led to great fascination into this signaling pathway and developing agents with modulatory impact on TGF-β. Curcumin, a natural-based compound, is obtained from rhizome and roots of turmeric plant. It has a number of pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-diabetes and so on. Noteworthy, it has been demonstrated that curcumin affects different molecular signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Nrf2, AMPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase and so on. In the present review, we evaluate the potential of curcumin in regulation of TGF-β signaling pathway to corelate it with therapeutic impacts of curcumin. By modulation of TGF-β (both upregulation and down-regulation), curcumin ameliorates fibrosis, neurological disorders, liver disease, diabetes and asthma. Besides, curcumin targets TGF-β signaling pathway which is capable of suppressing proliferation of tumor cells and invading cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Zarrin
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Rahmani Moghadam
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Haroon Khan
- Student Research Committee, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fardin Hashemi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Izaz A, Pan T, Wang L, Zhang H, Duan S, Li E, Yan P, Wu X. Molecular cloning, characterization, and gene expression behavior of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors from the Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2020; 336:50-72. [PMID: 33306860 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese alligator is an endemic crocodilian species in China. We isolated and obtained the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor genes coding from the kidney of Alligator sinensis by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene has 2343 base pairs encoding 780 amino acids, while the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) gene is 2958 bp in length encoding 985 amino acids. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the distribution of messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. The maximum mRNA expressions were observed in the ovary and kidney, suggesting that these receptors may be involved in basic cellular functions or stress response of alligators. Besides this, RT-qPCR was performed to analyze the abundance of GR and MR mRNA transcripts in early embryonic development of the Chinese alligator in the kidney, liver, and heart. The mRNA levels of GR and MR at earlier stages in kidney, liver, and heart indicates that they might involve in the transcriptional regulation of early embryos and activate many precise developmental effects in fetal tissues. We also measured the protein expression in the liver embryonic developmental stages and found that the GR and MR proteins were restricted to both the nuclei and cytoplasm. The protein expression levels in the liver at different embryonic developmental stages have extremely prominent differences. Taken together, our results showed the full coding regions of GR and MR, their characteristics, and embryonic developmental mRNA and protein expressions of both genes in A. sinensis. This study could provide the necessary information for further investigating the diverse functions of GR and MR in A. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Izaz
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Tao Pan
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Huabin Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Shulong Duan
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - En Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaobing Wu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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Sugano T, Masuda M, Takeshita F, Motoi N, Hirozane T, Goto N, Kashimoto S, Uno Y, Moriyama H, Sawa M, Nagakawa Y, Tsuchida A, Seike M, Gemma A, Yamada T. Pharmacological blockage of transforming growth factor-β signalling by a Traf2- and Nck-interacting kinase inhibitor, NCB-0846. Br J Cancer 2020; 124:228-236. [PMID: 33244122 PMCID: PMC7782820 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the primary cause of death in cancer patients, and its management is still a major challenge. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated in the process of cancer metastasis, and its pharmacological interference holds therapeutic promise. METHODS Traf2- and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK) functions as a transcriptional coregulator of Wnt target genes. Given the convergence of Wnt and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling, we examined the effects of a small-molecule TNIK inhibitor (named NCB-0846) on the TGFβ1-induced EMT of lung cancer cells. RESULTS NCB-0846 inhibited the TGFβ1-induced EMT of A549 cells. This inhibition was associated with inhibition of Sma- and Mad-Related Protein-2/3 (SMAD2/3) phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. NCB-0846 abolished the lung metastasis of TGFβ1-treated A549 cells injected into the tail veins of immunodeficient mice. The inhibition of EMT was mediated by suppression of the TGFβ receptor type-I (TGFBR1) gene, at least partly through the induction of microRNAs targeting the TGFBR1 transcript [miR-320 (a, b and d) and miR-186]. CONCLUSIONS NCB-0846 pharmacologically blocks the TGFβ/SMAD signalling and EMT induction of lung cancer cells by transcriptionally downregulating TGFBRI expression, representing a potentially promising approach for prevention of metastasis in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Sugano
- Division of Chemotherapy and Clinical Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Mari Masuda
- Division of Chemotherapy and Clinical Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Takeshita
- Department of Functional Analysis, Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core Center (FIOC), National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Noriko Motoi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Toru Hirozane
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naoko Goto
- Division of Chemotherapy and Clinical Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | | | - Yuko Uno
- Carna Biosciences, Inc, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuichi Nagakawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Akihiko Tsuchida
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Masahiro Seike
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Akihiko Gemma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Tesshi Yamada
- Division of Chemotherapy and Clinical Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan. .,Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
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Abstract
Revascularization surgeries such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are sometimes necessary to manage coronary heart disease (CHD). However, more than half of these surgeries fail within 10 years due to the development of intimal hyperplasia (IH) among others. The cytokine transforming growth factor-beta (TGFß) and its signaling components have been found to be upregulated in diseased or injured vessels, and to promote IH after grafting. Interventions that globally inhibit TGFß in CABG have yielded contrasting outcomes in in vitro and in vivo studies including clinical trials. With advances in molecular biology, it becomes clear that TGFß exhibits both protective and damaging roles, and only specific components such as some Smad-dependent TGFß signaling mediate vascular IH. The activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)-mediated Smad-dependent TGFß signaling pathways have been found to be activated in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) following injury and in hyperplastic preimplantation vein grafts. It appears that focused targeting of TGFß pathway constitutes a promising therapeutic target to improve the outcome of CABG. This study dissects the role of TGFß pathway in CABG failure, with particular emphasis on the therapeutic potentials of specific targeting of Smad-dependent and ALK-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzuq A Ungogo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, 58989Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.,Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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da Silva Madaleno C, Jatzlau J, Knaus P. BMP signalling in a mechanical context - Implications for bone biology. Bone 2020; 137:115416. [PMID: 32422297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are extracellular multifunctional signalling cytokines and members of the TGFβ super family. These pleiotropic growth factors crucially promote bone formation, remodeling and healing after injury. Additionally, bone homeostasis is systematically regulated by mechanical inputs from the environment, which are incorporated into the bone cells' biochemical response. These inputs range from compression and tension induced by the movement of neighboring muscle, to fluid shear stress induced by interstitial fluid flow in the canaliculi and in the vascular system. Although BMPs are widely applied in a clinic context to promote fracture healing, it is still elusive how mechanical inputs modulate this signalling pathway, hindering an efficient and side-effect free application of these ligands in bone healing. This review aims to summarize the current understanding in how mechanical cues (tension, compression, shear force and hydrostatic pressure) and substrate stiffness modulate BMP signalling. We highlight the time-dependent effects in modulating immediate early up to long-term effects of mechano-BMP crosstalk during bone formation and remodeling, considering the interplay with other already established mechanosensitive pathways, such as MRTF/SRF and Hippo signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina da Silva Madaleno
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jerome Jatzlau
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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40
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Labibi B, Bashkurov M, Wrana JL, Attisano L. Modeling the Control of TGF-β/Smad Nuclear Accumulation by the Hippo Pathway Effectors, Taz/Yap. iScience 2020; 23:101416. [PMID: 32798968 PMCID: PMC7452192 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Integration of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signals with those of other pathways allows for precise temporal and spatial control of gene expression patterns that drive development and homeostasis. The Hippo pathway nuclear effectors, Taz/Yap, interact with the TGF-β transcriptional mediators, Smads, to control Smad activity. Key to TGF-β signaling is the nuclear localization of Smads. Thus, to investigate the role of Taz/Yap in Smad nuclear accumulation, we developed mathematical models of Hippo and TGF-β cross talk. The models were based on experimental measurements of TGF-β-induced changes in Taz/Yap and Smad subcellular localization obtained using high-throughput immunofluorescence (IF) imaging in the mouse mammary epithelial cell line, EpH4. Bayesian MCMC DREAM parameter estimation was used to quantify the uncertainty in estimates of the kinetic parameters. Variation of the model parameters and statistical analysis show that our modeling predicts that Taz/Yap can alter TGF-β receptor activity and directly or indirectly act as nuclear retention factors. Taz/Yap modulate TGF-β-induced nuclear accumulation of Smad2/3 and Smad4 TGF-β does not affect Taz/Yap localization when Hippo activity is constant Taz/Yap loss may alter activity of both Receptor and Smad nuclear retention factors The mediator complex regulates Smad nuclear accumulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Labibi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Mikhail Bashkurov
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Liliana Attisano
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
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41
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Bozhokin MS, Sopova YV, Kachkin DV, Rubel AA, Khotin MG. Mechanisms of TGFβ3 Action as a Therapeutic Agent for Promoting the Synthesis of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Hyaline Cartilage. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:436-447. [PMID: 32569551 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hyaline cartilage is a nonvascular connective tissue covering the joint surface. It consists mostly of the extracellular matrix proteins and a small number of highly differentiated chondrocytes. At present, various techniques for repairing joint surfaces damage, for example, the use of modified cell cultures and biodegradable scaffolds, are under investigation. Molecular mechanisms of cartilage tissue proliferation have been also actively studied in recent years. TGFβ3, which plays a critical role in the proliferation of normal cartilage tissue, is one of the most important protein among cytokines and growth factors affecting chondrogenesis. By interacting directly with receptors on the cell membrane surface, TGFβ3 triggers a cascade of molecular interactions involving transcription factor Sox9. In this review, we describe the effects of TGFβ3 on the receptor complex activation and subsequent intracellular trafficking of Smad proteins and analyze the relation between these processes and upregulation of expression of major extracellular matrix genes, such as col2a1 and acan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Bozhokin
- Vreden Russian Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, St. Petersburg, 195427, Russia. .,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Y V Sopova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg Branch, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,St. Petersburg State University, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,St. Petersburg State University, Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - D V Kachkin
- St. Petersburg State University, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,St. Petersburg State University, Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - A A Rubel
- St. Petersburg State University, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,St. Petersburg State University, Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - M G Khotin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
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42
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Xu S, Mao Y, Wu J, Feng J, Li J, Wu L, Yu Q, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Chen J, Ji J, Chen K, Wang F, Dai W, Fan X, Guo C. TGF-β/Smad and JAK/STAT pathways are involved in the anti-fibrotic effects of propylene glycol alginate sodium sulphate on hepatic fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5224-5237. [PMID: 32233073 PMCID: PMC7205790 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, a consequence of unhealthy modern lifestyles, has a growing impact on human health, particularly in developed countries. Here, we have explored the anti‐fibrotic effects of propylene glycol alginate sodium sulphate (PSS), a natural extract from brown algae, in fibrotic mice and cell models. Thus, we established bile duct ligature and carbon tetrachloride mouse models and LX‐2 cell models with or without PSS treatment. Liver pathological sections and the relevant indicators in serum and liver tissues were examined. PSS prevented hepatic injury and fibrosis to a significant extent, and induced up‐regulation of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and down‐regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 through suppressing the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1)/Smad pathway. PSS additionally exerted an anti‐autophagy effect through suppressing the Janus kinase (JAK) 2/transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. In conclusion, PSS prevents hepatic fibrosis by suppressing inflammation, promoting extracellular matrix (ECM) decomposition and inactivating hepatic stellate cells through mechanisms involving the TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Mao
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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43
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Wang L, Cai R, Liu F, Lv Y, Zhang Y, Duan S, Izaz A, Zhou J, Wang H, Duan R, Wu X, Li T. Molecular cloning, characterization, mRNA expression changes and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling during kidney embryonic development of SOX9 in Alligator sinensis. Gene 2020; 731:144334. [PMID: 31935508 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
SOX9 plays a crucial, extensive and conservative role in the process of somatic tissue development and adult regeneration through the positive self-regulation mediated by SOM across all vertebrates. In this study, we have cloned SOX9 from the kidney of hatchling Alligator sinensis. The full-length of SOX9 cDNA is 3878 bp with an open reading frame encoding 494 amino acids. Amino acid alignment analyses indicated that the SOX9 exhibit highly conserved functional domains. Using the droplet digital PCR, the mRNA abundances of SOX9 during nephrogenesis in A. sinensis showed prominent changes in the embryonic development, suggesting that SOX9 might combines a vital role in the regulation of complex renal development. Interestingly, we detected the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of SOX9 protein using immunofluorescence, implying that nucleocytoplasmic shuttling is critical to the regulation of SOX9 in the renal embryonic development. Collectively, these data provide an important foundation for further studies on renal developmental biology and molecular biology of non-mammalian SOX9. Furthermore, it provides new insights into the phenomenon of SOX9 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in Alligator sinensis, which is probably of great significance to the development of kidney metanephros embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Ruiqing Cai
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Fengnan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Shulong Duan
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Ali Izaz
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Jue Zhou
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Renjie Duan
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Xiaobing Wu
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
| | - Tiechen Li
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
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44
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Hreha TN, Collins CA, Daugherty AL, Twentyman J, Paluri N, Hunstad DA. TGFβ1 orchestrates renal fibrosis following Escherichia coli pyelonephritis. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14401. [PMID: 32227630 PMCID: PMC7104652 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal scarring after pyelonephritis is linked to long-term health risks for hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Androgen exposure increases susceptibility to, and severity of, uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) pyelonephritis and resultant scarring in both male and female mice, while anti-androgen therapy is protective against severe urinary tract infection (UTI) in these models. This work employed androgenized female C57BL/6 mice to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of post-infectious renal fibrosis and to determine how these pathways are altered by the presence of androgens. We found that elevated circulating testosterone levels primed the kidney for fibrosis by increasing local production of TGFβ1 before the initiation of UTI, altering the ratio of transcription factors Smad2 and Smad3 and increasing the presence of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells and Gli1 + activated myofibroblasts, the cells primarily responsible for deposition of scar components. Increased production of TGFβ1 and aberrations in Smad2:Smad3 were maintained throughout the course of infection in the presence of androgen, correlating with renal scarring that was not observed in non-androgenized female mice. Pharmacologic inhibition of TGFβ1 signaling blunted myofibroblast activation. We conclude that renal fibrosis after pyelonephritis is exacerbated by the presence of androgens and involves activation of the TGFβ1 signaling cascade, leading to increases in cortical populations of MSC-like cells and the Gli1 + activated myofibroblasts that are responsible for scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teri N. Hreha
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | | | | | - Joy Twentyman
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Present address:
Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Nitin Paluri
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - David A. Hunstad
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
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45
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Li SN, Wu JF. TGF-β/SMAD signaling regulation of mesenchymal stem cells in adipocyte commitment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:41. [PMID: 31996252 PMCID: PMC6990519 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-1552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes arising from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) requires MSC adipocyte commitment and differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes. Several signaling and some cytokines affect the adipogenesis of MSCs. This review focuses on the roles of TGF-β/SMAD signaling in adipocyte commitment of MSCs. BMP4 and BMP7 signaling are sufficient to induce adipocyte lineage determination of MSCs. The roles of BMP2, TGF-β, and myostatin signaling in this process are unclear. Other TGF-β/SMAD signaling such as BMP3 and BMP6 signaling have almost no effect on commitment because of limited research available, while GDF11 signaling inhibits adipocyte commitment in human MSCs. In this review, we summarize the available information on TGF-β/SMAD signaling regulation of MSCs in adipocyte commitment. Deeper study of this commitment mechanism will offer new approaches in treating obesity, diabetes mellitus, and obesity-related metabolism syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Li
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, Henan, China.
| | - Jia-Fa Wu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
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46
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Non-canonical (non-SMAD2/3) TGF-β signaling in fibrosis: Mechanisms and targets. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 101:115-122. [PMID: 31883994 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β uses several intracellular signaling pathways besides canonical ALK5-Smad2/3 signaling to regulate a diverse array of cellular functions. Several of these so-called non-canonical (non-Smad2/3) pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis and may therefore represent targets for therapeutic intervention. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the mechanisms of non-canonical TGF-β signaling in fibrosis, the potential molecular targets and the use of agonists/antagonists for therapeutic intervention.
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47
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Bencze J, Szarka M, Bencs V, Szabó RN, Smajda M, Aarsland D, Hortobágyi T. Neuropathological characterization of Lemur tyrosine kinase 2 (LMTK2) in Alzheimer's disease and neocortical Lewy body disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17222. [PMID: 31748522 PMCID: PMC6868282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neocortical Lewy body disease (LBD) are the most common neurodegenerative dementias, with no available curative treatment. Elucidating pathomechanism and identifying novel therapeutic targets are of paramount importance. Lemur tyrosine kinase 2 (LMTK2) is involved in several physiological and pathological cellular processes. Herewith a neuropathological characterization is presented in AD and neocortical LBD samples using chromogenic and fluorescent LMTK2 immunohistochemistry on post-mortem brain tissues and compared them to age-matched controls (CNTs). LMTK2 immunopositivity was limited to the neuronal cytoplasm. Neurons, including tau-positive tangle-bearing ones, showed decreased chromogenic and immunofluorescent labelling in AD in every cortical layer compared to CNT and neocortical LBD. Digital image analysis was performed to measure the average immunopositivity of groups. Mean grey values were calculated for each group after measuring the grey scale LMTK2 signal intensity of each individual neuron. There was significant difference between the mean grey values of CNT vs. AD and neocortical LBD vs. AD. The moderate decrease in neocortical LBD suggests the effect of coexisting AD pathology. We provide neuropathological evidence on decreased neuronal LMTK2 immunolabelling in AD, with implications for pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Bencze
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Máté Szarka
- Horvath Csaba Memorial Institute of Bioanalytical Research, Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Vitrolink Ltd., Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktor Bencs
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Renáta Nóra Szabó
- MTA-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, SESAM, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- MTA-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, SESAM, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
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48
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Zhao L, Zhang S, Cui J, Huang W, Wang J, Su F, Chen N, Gong Q. TERT assists GDF11 to rejuvenate senescent VEGFR2 +/CD133 + cells in elderly patients with myocardial infarction. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1661-1688. [PMID: 31292540 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a transforming growth factor β superfamily member with a controversial role in rejuvenating old stem cells after acute injury in the elderly population. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) on GDF11-mediated rejuvenation of senescent late-outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), defined as VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells, in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We compared the quantity and capabilities of VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells from old (>60 years), middle-aged (45-60 years), and young (<45 years) AMI patients. The decline in circulating count and survival of VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells with age was accompanied by decrease in their TERT and GDF11 expression levels in patients with AMI. Further, upregulation of TERT could trigger GDF11-mediated rejuvenation of old VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells by renewing their survival and angiogenic abilities through activation of canonical (Smad2/3) and noncanonical (eNOS) signaling pathways. Depletion of GDF11 or TERT caused senescence of young VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells leading to impaired vascular function and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, whereas adTERT and rhGDF11 rescued this senescence. TERT cooperates with GDF11 to enhance regenerative capabilities of old VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells. When combined with TERT, GDF11 may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of elderly patients with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Ji-Nan University, 396 Tongfuzhong Road, Haizhu District, 510220, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Dahua Hospital, 901 Laohumin Road, Xuhui District, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Ji-Nan University, 396 Tongfuzhong Road, Haizhu District, 510220, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, 200090, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jin Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Ji-Nan University, 396 Tongfuzhong Road, Haizhu District, 510220, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiguang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Ji-Nan University, 396 Tongfuzhong Road, Haizhu District, 510220, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, 200090, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Feng Su
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, 200090, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Nannan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, 200090, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qunlin Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, 200090, Shanghai, PR China
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49
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Eribulin rapidly inhibits TGF-β-induced Snail expression and can induce Slug expression in a Smad4-dependent manner. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:611-621. [PMID: 31481735 PMCID: PMC6889360 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence shows that the anticancer effects of microtubule targeting agents are not due solely to their antimitotic activities but also their ability to impair microtubule-dependent oncogenic signalling. Methods The effects of microtubule targeting agents on regulators of TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated in breast cancer cell lines using high content imaging, gene and protein expression, siRNA-mediated knockdown and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results Microtubule targeting agents rapidly and differentially alter the expression of Snail and Slug, key EMT-promoting transcription factors in breast cancer. Eribulin, vinorelbine and in some cases, ixabepalone, but not paclitaxel, inhibited TGF-β-mediated Snail expression by impairing the microtubule-dependent nuclear localisation of Smad2/3. In contrast, eribulin and vinorelbine promoted a TGF-β-independent increase in Slug in cells with low Smad4. Mechanistically, microtubule depolymerisation induces c-Jun, which consequently increases Slug expression in cells with low Smad4. Conclusion These results identify a mechanism by which eribulin-mediated microtubule disruption could reverse EMT in preclinical models and in patients. Furthermore, high Smad4 levels could serve as a biomarker of this response. This study highlights that microtubule targeting drugs can exert distinct effects on the expression of EMT-regulating transcription factors and that identifying differences among these drugs could lead to their more rational use.
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50
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Thielen NGM, van der Kraan PM, van Caam APM. TGFβ/BMP Signaling Pathway in Cartilage Homeostasis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090969. [PMID: 31450621 PMCID: PMC6769927 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage homeostasis is governed by articular chondrocytes via their ability to modulate extracellular matrix production and degradation. In turn, chondrocyte activity is regulated by growth factors such as those of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family. Members of this family include the TGFβs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs). Signaling by this protein family uniquely activates SMAD-dependent signaling and transcription but also activates SMAD-independent signaling via MAPKs such as ERK and TAK1. This review will address the pivotal role of the TGFβ family in cartilage biology by listing several TGFβ family members and describing their signaling and importance for cartilage maintenance. In addition, it is discussed how (pathological) processes such as aging, mechanical stress, and inflammation contribute to altered TGFβ family signaling, leading to disturbed cartilage metabolism and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie G M Thielen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan P M van Caam
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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