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Tiberio F, Coda ARD, Tosi DD, Luzi D, Polito L, Liso A, Lattanzi W. Mechanobiology and Primary Cilium in the Pathophysiology of Bone Marrow Myeloproliferative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8860. [PMID: 39201546 PMCID: PMC11354938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia-Negative Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a diverse group of blood cancers leading to excessive production of mature blood cells. These chronic diseases, including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), can significantly impact patient quality of life and are still incurable in the vast majority of the cases. This review examines the mechanobiology within a bone marrow niche, emphasizing the role of mechanical cues and the primary cilium in the pathophysiology of MPNs. It discusses the influence of extracellular matrix components, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and mechanosensitive structures on hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) behavior and disease progression. Additionally, the potential implications of the primary cilium as a chemo- and mechanosensory organelle in bone marrow cells are explored, highlighting its involvement in signaling pathways crucial for hematopoietic regulation. This review proposes future research directions to better understand the dysregulated bone marrow niche in MPNs and to identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tiberio
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.T.); (D.D.T.); (L.P.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Domiziano Dario Tosi
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.T.); (D.D.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Debora Luzi
- S.C. Oncoematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Terni, 05100 Terni, Italy;
| | - Luca Polito
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.T.); (D.D.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Arcangelo Liso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.T.); (D.D.T.); (L.P.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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2
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Zhong BH, Dong M. The implication of ciliary signaling pathways for epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1535-1543. [PMID: 37490178 PMCID: PMC11224103 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays an essential role in development, tissue repair and fibrosis, and cancer progression, is a reversible cellular program that converts epithelial cells to mesenchymal cell states characterized by motility-invasive properties. The mostly signaling pathways that initiated and controlled the EMT program are regulated by a solitary, non-motile organelle named primary cilium. Acting as a signaling nexus, primary cilium dynamically concentrates signaling molecules to respond to extracellular cues. Recent research has provided direct evidence of connection between EMT and primary ciliogenesis in multiple contexts, but the mechanistic understanding of this relationship is complicated and still undergoing. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about the ciliary signaling pathways involved in EMT and list the direct evidence that shows the link between them, trying to figure out the intricate relationship between EMT and primary ciliogenesis, which may aid the future development of primary cilium as a novel therapeutic approach targeted to EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Hua Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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3
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McLeod JJ, Rothschild SC, Francescatto L, Kim H, Tombes RM. Specific CaMKIIs mediate convergent extension cell movements in early zebrafish development. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:390-403. [PMID: 37860955 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noncanonical Wnts are morphogens that can elevate intracellular Ca2+, activate the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, CaMKII, and promote cell movements during vertebrate gastrulation. RESULTS Zebrafish express seven CaMKII genes during embryogenesis; two of these, camk2b1 and camk2g1, are necessary for convergent extension (CE) cell movements. CaMKII morphant phenotypes were observed as early as epiboly. At the 1-3 somite stage, neuroectoderm and paraxial cells remained unconverged in both morphants. Later, somites lacked their stereotypical shape and were wider, more closely spaced, and body gap angles increased. At 24hpf, somite compression and notochord undulation coincided with a shorter and broader body axis. A camk2b1 crispant was generated which phenocopied the camk2b1 morphant. The levels of cell proliferation, apoptosis and paraxial and neuroectodermal markers were unchanged in morphants. Hyperactivation of CaMKII during gastrulation by transient pharmacological intervention (thapsigargin) also caused CE defects. Mosaically expressed dominant-negative CaMKII recapitulated these phenotypes and showed significant midline bifurcation. Finally, the introduction of CaMKII partially rescued Wnt11 morphant phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data support a model whereby cyclically activated CaMKII encoded from two genes enables cell migration during the process of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J McLeod
- Department of Biology and VCU Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah C Rothschild
- Department of Biology and VCU Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Haerin Kim
- Department of Biology and VCU Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert M Tombes
- Department of Biology and VCU Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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4
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Kalot R, Sentell Z, Kitzler TM, Torban E. Primary cilia and actin regulatory pathways in renal ciliopathies. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2024; 3:1331847. [PMID: 38292052 PMCID: PMC10824913 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2023.1331847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of rare genetic disorders caused by defects to the structure or function of the primary cilium. They often affect multiple organs, leading to brain malformations, congenital heart defects, and anomalies of the retina or skeletal system. Kidney abnormalities are among the most frequent ciliopathic phenotypes manifesting as smaller, dysplastic, and cystic kidneys that are often accompanied by renal fibrosis. Many renal ciliopathies cause chronic kidney disease and often progress to end-stage renal disease, necessitating replacing therapies. There are more than 35 known ciliopathies; each is a rare hereditary condition, yet collectively they account for a significant proportion of chronic kidney disease worldwide. The primary cilium is a tiny microtubule-based organelle at the apex of almost all vertebrate cells. It serves as a "cellular antenna" surveying environment outside the cell and transducing this information inside the cell to trigger multiple signaling responses crucial for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Hundreds of proteins and unique cellular mechanisms are involved in cilia formation. Recent evidence suggests that actin remodeling and regulation at the base of the primary cilium strongly impacts ciliogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the structure and function of the primary cilium, focusing on the role of actin cytoskeleton and its regulators in ciliogenesis. We then describe the key clinical, genetic, and molecular aspects of renal ciliopathies. We highlight what is known about actin regulation in the pathogenesis of these diseases with the aim to consider these recent molecular findings as potential therapeutic targets for renal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Kalot
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zachary Sentell
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas M. Kitzler
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elena Torban
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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5
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Adametz F, Müller A, Stilgenbauer S, Burkhalter MD, Philipp M. Aging Associates with Cilium Elongation and Dysfunction in Kidney and Pancreas. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300194. [PMID: 37537358 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are best known and most studied for their manifold functions enabling proper embryonic development. Loss of cilia or dysfunction thereof results in a great variety of congenital malformations and syndromes. However, there are also cilia-driven conditions, which manifest only later in life, such as polycystic kidney disease. Even degenerative diseases in the central nervous system have recently been linked to alterations in cilia biology. Surprisingly though, there is very little knowledge regarding cilia in normally aged organisms absent any disease. Here, it is provided evidence that cilia in naturally aged mice are considerably elongated in the kidney and pancreas, respectively. Moreover, such altered cilia appear to have become dysfunctional as indicated by changes in cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Adametz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annika Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Martin D Burkhalter
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomis, University of Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Philipp
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomis, University of Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Vuong LT, Mlodzik M. The complex relationship of Wnt-signaling pathways and cilia. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 155:95-125. [PMID: 38043953 PMCID: PMC11287783 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Wnt family proteins are secreted glycolipoproteins that signal through multitude of signal transduction pathways. The Wnt-pathways are conserved and critical in all metazoans. They are essential for embryonic development, organogenesis and homeostasis, and associated with many diseases when defective or deregulated. Wnt signaling pathways comprise the canonical Wnt pathway, best known for its stabilization of β-catenin and associated nuclear β-catenin activity in gene regulation, and several non-canonical signaling branches. Wnt-Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) signaling has received the most attention among the non-canonical Wnt pathways. The relationship of cilia to Wnt-signaling is complex. While it was suggested that canonical Wnt signaling requires cilia this notion was always challenged by results suggesting the opposite. Recent developments provide insight and clarification to the relationship of Wnt signaling pathways and cilia. First, it has been now demonstrated that while ciliary proteins, in particular the IFT-A complex, are required for canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, the cilium as a structure is not. In contrast, recent work has defined a diverged canonical signaling branch (not affecting β-catenin) to be required for ciliary biogenesis and cilia function. Furthermore, the non-canonical Wnt-PCP pathway does not affect cilia biogenesis per se, but it regulates the position of cilia within cells in many cell types, possibly in all cells where it is active, with cilia being placed near the side of the cell that has the Frizzled-Dishevelled complex. This Wnt/PCP feature is conserved with both centrioles and basal bodies/cilia being positioned accordingly, and it is also used to align mitotic spindles within the Wnt-PCP polarization axis. It also coordinates the alignment of cilia in multiciliated cells. This article addresses these new insights and different links and relationships between cilia and Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh T Vuong
- Department of Cell, Developmental, & Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marek Mlodzik
- Department of Cell, Developmental, & Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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7
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Kozina AA, Kanaeva GK, Baryshnikova NV, Ilinskaya AY, Kim AA, Erofeeva AV, Pogodina NA, Gadzhiyeva JP, Surkova EI, Ilinsky VV. A case of Joubert syndrome caused by novel compound heterozygous variants in the TMEM67 gene. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231206294. [PMID: 37910852 PMCID: PMC10621312 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231206294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a recessive disorder that is characterized by midbrain-hindbrain malformation and shows the "molar tooth sign" on magnetic resonance imaging. Mutations in 40 genes, including Abelson helper integration site 1 (AHI1), inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase (INPP5E), coiled-coil and c2 domain-containing protein 2A (CC2D2A), and ARL2-like protein 1 (ARL13B), can cause JS. Classic JS is a part of a group of diseases associated with JS, and its manifestations include various neurological signs such as skeletal abnormalities, ocular coloboma, renal disease, and hepatic fibrosis. Here, we present a proband with the molar tooth sign, ataxia, and developmental and psychomotor delays in a Dagestan family from Russia. Molecular genetic testing revealed two novel heterozygous variants, c.2924G>A (p.Arg975His) in exon 28 and c.1241C>G (p.Pro414Arg) in exon 12 of the transmembrane protein 67 (TMEM67) gene. These TMEM67 gene variants significantly affected the development of JS type 6. This case highlights the importance of whole exome sequencing for a proper clinical diagnosis of children with complex motor and psycho-language delays. This case also expands the clinical phenotype and genotype of TMEM67-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Aleksandrovna Kozina
- Department of Medical Genomics Group, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Science, Genotek Ltd., Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Natalia Vladimirovna Baryshnikova
- Department of General and Medical Genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Science, Genotek Ltd., Moscow, Russia
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8
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Quadri N, Upadhyai P. Primary cilia in skeletal development and disease. Exp Cell Res 2023; 431:113751. [PMID: 37574037 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are non-motile, microtubule-based sensory organelle present in most vertebrate cells with a fundamental role in the modulation of organismal development, morphogenesis, and repair. Here we focus on the role of primary cilia in embryonic and postnatal skeletal development. We examine evidence supporting its involvement in physiochemical and developmental signaling that regulates proliferation, patterning, differentiation and homeostasis of osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and their progenitor cells in the skeleton. We discuss how signaling effectors in mechanotransduction and bone development, such as Hedgehog, Wnt, Fibroblast growth factor and second messenger pathways operate at least in part at the primary cilium. The relevance of primary cilia in bone formation and maintenance is underscored by a growing list of rare genetic skeletal ciliopathies. We collate these findings and summarize the current understanding of molecular factors and mechanisms governing primary ciliogenesis and ciliary function in skeletal development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Quadri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Priyanka Upadhyai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
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9
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Khan S, Focșa IO, Budișteanu M, Stoica C, Nedelea F, Bohîlțea L, Caba L, Butnariu L, Pânzaru M, Rusu C, Jurcă C, Chirita-Emandi A, Bănescu C, Abbas W, Sadeghpour A, Baig SM, Bălgrădean M, Davis EE. Exome sequencing in a Romanian Bardet-Biedl syndrome cohort revealed an overabundance of causal BBS12 variants. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2376-2391. [PMID: 37293956 PMCID: PMC10524726 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), is an emblematic ciliopathy hallmarked by pleiotropy, phenotype variability, and extensive genetic heterogeneity. BBS is a rare (~1/140,000 to ~1/160,000 in Europe) autosomal recessive pediatric disorder characterized by retinal degeneration, truncal obesity, polydactyly, cognitive impairment, renal dysfunction, and hypogonadism. Twenty-eight genes involved in ciliary structure or function have been implicated in BBS, and explain the molecular basis for ~75%-80% of individuals. To investigate the mutational spectrum of BBS in Romania, we ascertained a cohort of 24 individuals in 23 families. Following informed consent, we performed proband exome sequencing (ES). We detected 17 different putative disease-causing single nucleotide variants or small insertion-deletions and two pathogenic exon disruptive copy number variants in known BBS genes in 17 pedigrees. The most frequently impacted genes were BBS12 (35%), followed by BBS4, BBS7, and BBS10 (9% each) and BBS1, BBS2, and BBS5 (4% each). Homozygous BBS12 p.Arg355* variants were present in seven pedigrees of both Eastern European and Romani origin. Our data show that although the diagnostic rate of BBS in Romania is likely consistent with other worldwide cohorts (74%), we observed a unique distribution of causal BBS genes, including overrepresentation of BBS12 due to a recurrent nonsense variant, that has implications for regional diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheraz Khan
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Human Molecular Genetics Lab, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE-C), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ina Ofelia Focșa
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
- Cytogenomic Medical Laboratory, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Magdalena Budișteanu
- Psychiatry Research Laboratory, "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia" Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania
- Medical Genetic Laboratory, "Victor Babeș" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, "Titu Maiorescu" University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Stoica
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Institute Fundeni, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florina Nedelea
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
- Genetics Department, Clinical Hospital Filantropia, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Lavinia Caba
- Department of Medical Genetics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
| | - Lăcrămioara Butnariu
- Department of Medical Genetics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
- Regional Medical Genetics Centre, "Sf. Maria" Children's Hospital, Iași, Romania
| | - Monica Pânzaru
- Department of Medical Genetics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
- Regional Medical Genetics Centre, "Sf. Maria" Children's Hospital, Iași, Romania
| | - Cristina Rusu
- Department of Medical Genetics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
- Regional Medical Genetics Centre, "Sf. Maria" Children's Hospital, Iași, Romania
| | - Claudia Jurcă
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, "Dr. Gavril Curteanu" Municipal Clinical Hospital, Oradea, Romania
| | - Adela Chirita-Emandi
- Emergency Hospital for Children Louis Turcanu, Regional Center of Medical Genetics Timis, Timisoara, Romania
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Department of Microscopic Morphology Genetics, Center for Genomic Medicine, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Claudia Bănescu
- "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Wasim Abbas
- Human Molecular Genetics Lab, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE-C), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Azita Sadeghpour
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Precision Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- Pakistan Science Foundation (PSF), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Agha Khan University Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mihaela Bălgrădean
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Nephrology, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children "Maria Skłodowska Curie", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Erica E Davis
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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10
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Brücker L, Becker SK, Maissl V, Harms G, Parsons M, May-Simera HL. The actin-bundling protein Fascin-1 modulates ciliary signalling. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 15:mjad022. [PMID: 37015875 PMCID: PMC10485897 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based cell organelles important for cellular communication. Since they are involved in the regulation of numerous signalling pathways, defects in cilia development or function are associated with genetic disorders, collectively called ciliopathies. Besides their ciliary functions, recent research has shown that several ciliary proteins are involved in the coordination of the actin cytoskeleton. Although ciliary and actin phenotypes are related, the exact nature of their interconnection remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that the protein BBS6, associated with the ciliopathy Bardet-Biedl syndrome, cooperates with the actin-bundling protein Fascin-1 in regulating filopodia and ciliary signalling. We found that loss of Bbs6 affects filopodia length potentially via attenuated interaction with Fascin-1. Conversely, loss of Fascin-1 leads to a ciliary phenotype, subsequently affecting ciliary Wnt signalling, possibly in collaboration with BBS6. Our data shed light on how ciliary proteins are involved in actin regulations and provide new insight into the involvement of the actin regulator Fascin-1 in ciliogenesis and cilia-associated signalling. Advancing our knowledge of the complex regulations between primary cilia and actin dynamics is important to understand the pathogenic consequences of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Brücker
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kornelia Becker
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vanessa Maissl
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gregory Harms
- Imaging Core Facility, Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Helen Louise May-Simera
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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11
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Tian X, Zhao H, Zhou J. Organization, functions, and mechanisms of the BBSome in development, ciliopathies, and beyond. eLife 2023; 12:e87623. [PMID: 37466224 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The BBSome is an octameric protein complex that regulates ciliary transport and signaling. Mutations in BBSome subunits are closely associated with ciliary defects and lead to ciliopathies, notably Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Over the past few years, there has been significant progress in elucidating the molecular organization and functions of the BBSome complex. An improved understanding of BBSome-mediated biological events and molecular mechanisms is expected to help advance the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for BBSome-related diseases. Here, we review the current literature on the structural assembly, transport regulation, and molecular functions of the BBSome, emphasizing its roles in cilium-related processes. We also provide perspectives on the pathological role of the BBSome in ciliopathies as well as how these can be exploited for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tian
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Huijie Zhao
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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12
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Safavian D, Kim MS, Xie H, El-Zeiry M, Palander O, Dai L, Collins RF, Froese C, Shannon R, Nagata KI, Trimble WS. Septin-mediated RhoA activation engages the exocyst complex to recruit the cilium transition zone. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e201911062. [PMID: 36912772 PMCID: PMC10039714 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201911062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Septins are filamentous GTPases that play important but poorly characterized roles in ciliogenesis. Here, we show that SEPTIN9 regulates RhoA signaling at the base of cilia by binding and activating the RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factor, ARHGEF18. GTP-RhoA is known to activate the membrane targeting exocyst complex, and suppression of SEPTIN9 causes disruption of ciliogenesis and mislocalization of an exocyst subunit, SEC8. Using basal body-targeted proteins, we show that upregulating RhoA signaling at the cilium can rescue ciliary defects and mislocalization of SEC8 caused by global SEPTIN9 depletion. Moreover, we demonstrate that the transition zone components, RPGRIP1L and TCTN2, fail to accumulate at the transition zone in cells lacking SEPTIN9 or depleted of the exocyst complex. Thus, SEPTIN9 regulates the recruitment of transition zone proteins on Golgi-derived vesicles by activating the exocyst via RhoA to allow the formation of primary cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Safavian
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Moshe S. Kim
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong Xie
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maha El-Zeiry
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliva Palander
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lu Dai
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard F. Collins
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol Froese
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Shannon
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koh-ichi Nagata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - William S. Trimble
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Sénicourt B, Cloutier G, Basora N, Fallah S, Laniel A, Lavoie C, Beaulieu JF. Primary Cilium Identifies a Quiescent Cell Population in the Human Intestinal Crypt. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071059. [PMID: 37048132 PMCID: PMC10093653 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are sensory antennae located at the cell surface which mediate a variety of extracellular signals involved in development, tissue homeostasis, stem cells and cancer. Primary cilia are found in an extensive array of vertebrae cells but can only be generated when cells become quiescent. The small intestinal epithelium is a rapidly self-renewing tissue organized into a functional unit called the crypt–villus axis, containing progenitor and differentiated cells, respectively. Terminally differentiated villus cells are notoriously devoid of primary cilia. We sought to determine if intestinal crypts contain a quiescent cell population that could be identified by the presence of primary cilia. Here we show that primary cilia are detected in a subset of cells located deep in the crypts slightly above a Paneth cell population. Using a normal epithelial proliferative crypt cell model, we show that primary cilia assembly and activity correlate with a quiescent state. These results provide further evidence for the existence of a quiescent cell population in the human small intestine and suggest the potential for new modes of regulation in stem cell dynamics.
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14
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Morleo M, Pezzella N, Franco B. Proteome balance in ciliopathies: the OFD1 protein example. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:201-217. [PMID: 36494254 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The balance of protein synthesis and degradation is finely regulated and influences cellular homeostasis and biological processes (e.g., embryonic development and neuronal plasticity). Recent data demonstrated that centrosomal/ciliary proteins enable proteome control in response to spatial or microenvironmental stimuli. Here, we discuss recent discoveries regarding the role in the balance of the proteome of centrosomal/ciliary proteins associated with genetic disorders known as ciliopathies. In particular, OFD1 was the first example of a ciliopathy protein controlling both protein expression and autophagic/proteasomal degradation. Understanding the role of proteome balance in the pathogenesis of the clinical manifestations of ciliopathies may pave the way to the identification of a wide range of putative novel therapeutic targets for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Morleo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Nunziana Pezzella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM, School of Advanced Studies), Genomics and Experimental Medicine program, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM, School of Advanced Studies), Genomics and Experimental Medicine program, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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15
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Zhang K, Da Silva F, Seidl C, Wilsch-Bräuninger M, Herbst J, Huttner WB, Niehrs C. Primary cilia are WNT-transducing organelles whose biogenesis is controlled by a WNT-PP1 axis. Dev Cell 2023; 58:139-154.e8. [PMID: 36693320 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
WNT signaling is important in development, stem cell maintenance, and disease. WNT ligands typically signal via receptor activation across the plasma membrane to induce β-catenin-dependent gene activation. Here, we show that in mammalian primary cilia, WNT receptors relay a WNT/GSK3 signal that β-catenin-independently promotes ciliogenesis. Characterization of a LRP6 ciliary targeting sequence and monitoring of acute WNT co-receptor activation (phospho-LRP6) support this conclusion. Ciliary WNT signaling inhibits protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity, a negative regulator of ciliogenesis, by preventing GSK3-mediated phosphorylation of the PP1 regulatory inhibitor subunit PPP1R2. Concordantly, deficiency of WNT/GSK3 signaling by depletion of cyclin Y and cyclin-Y-like protein 1 induces primary cilia defects in mouse embryonic neuronal precursors, kidney proximal tubules, and adult mice preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqing Zhang
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabio Da Silva
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carina Seidl
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Wilsch-Bräuninger
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraβe 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jessica Herbst
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wieland B Huttner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraβe 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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16
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Sailer SA, Burkhalter MD, Philipp M. Cholesterol and Phosphoinositides in Cilia Biology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1422:121-142. [PMID: 36988879 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are evolutionarily conserved organelles that can be found on virtually every cell. They appear as hair-like structures emanating from the cellular surface either as single or as bundles of cilia. There, they sense external stimuli and translate them into intracellular signals. Motile cilia beat for the generation of locomotion of unicellular organisms or fluid flow in certain body cavities of vertebrate organisms. Defects in cilia are detrimental and account for the development of ciliopathies, one of the fastest-growing family of afflictions. In the past decade, membrane lipids, such as cholesterol and phosphoinositides, have emerged as essential elements in both the signal transduction via cilia and the building of cilia itself. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the impact of cholesterol and phosphoinositides on cilium biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen-Alexander Sailer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin D Burkhalter
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Philipp
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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17
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Kantaputra P, Dejkhamron P, Sittiwangkul R, Katanyuwong K, Ngamphiw C, Sonsuwan N, Intachai W, Tongsima S, Beales PL, Buranaphatthana W. Dental Anomalies in Ciliopathies: Lessons from Patients with BBS2, BBS7, and EVC2 Mutations. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:84. [PMID: 36672825 PMCID: PMC9858533 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate dental anomalies and the molecular etiology of a patient with Ellis−van Creveld syndrome and two patients with Bardet−Biedl syndrome, two examples of ciliopathies. Patients and Methods: Clinical examination, radiographic evaluation, whole exome sequencing, and Sanger direct sequencing were performed. Results: Patient 1 had Ellis−van Creveld syndrome with delayed dental development or tooth agenesis, and multiple frenula, the feature found only in patients with mutations in ciliary genes. A novel homozygous mutation in EVC2 (c.703G>C; p.Ala235Pro) was identified. Patient 2 had Bardet−Biedl syndrome with a homozygous frameshift mutation (c.389_390delAC; p.Asn130ThrfsTer4) in BBS7. Patient 3 had Bardet−Biedl syndrome and carried a heterozygous mutation (c.389_390delAC; p.Asn130ThrfsTer4) in BBS7 and a homozygous mutation in BBS2 (c.209G>A; p.Ser70Asn). Her clinical findings included global developmental delay, disproportionate short stature, myopia, retinitis pigmentosa, obesity, pyometra with vaginal atresia, bilateral hydronephrosis with ureteropelvic junction obstruction, bilateral genu valgus, post-axial polydactyly feet, and small and thin fingernails and toenails, tooth agenesis, microdontia, taurodontism, and impaired dentin formation. Conclusions: EVC2, BBS2, and BBS7 mutations found in our patients were implicated in malformation syndromes with dental anomalies including tooth agenesis, microdontia, taurodontism, and impaired dentin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piranit Kantaputra
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Dentaland Clinic, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Prapai Dejkhamron
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Rekwan Sittiwangkul
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kamornwan Katanyuwong
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chumpol Ngamphiw
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nuntigar Sonsuwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Worrachet Intachai
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sissades Tongsima
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Philip L. Beales
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Program, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Worakanya Buranaphatthana
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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18
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Hibbard JVK, Vázquez N, Wallingford JB. Cilia proteins getting to work - how do they commute from the cytoplasm to the base of cilia? J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259444. [PMID: 36073764 PMCID: PMC9482345 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are multifunctional organelles that originated with the last eukaryotic common ancestor and play central roles in the life cycles of diverse organisms. The motile flagella that move single cells like sperm or unicellular organisms, the motile cilia on animal multiciliated cells that generate fluid flow in organs, and the immotile primary cilia that decorate nearly all cells in animals share many protein components in common, yet each also requires specialized proteins to perform their specialized functions. Despite a now-advanced understanding of how such proteins are transported within cilia, we still know very little about how they are transported from their sites of synthesis through the cytoplasm to the ciliary base. Here, we review the literature concerning this underappreciated topic in ciliary cell biology. We discuss both general mechanisms, as well as specific examples of motor-driven active transport and passive transport via diffusion-and-capture. We then provide deeper discussion of specific, illustrative examples, such as the diverse array of protein subunits that together comprise the intraflagellar transport (IFT) system and the multi-protein axonemal dynein motors that drive beating of motile cilia. We hope this Review will spur further work, shedding light not only on ciliogenesis and ciliary signaling, but also on intracellular transport in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John B. Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78751, USA
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19
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Van De Weghe JC, Gomez A, Doherty D. The Joubert-Meckel-Nephronophthisis Spectrum of Ciliopathies. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2022; 23:301-329. [PMID: 35655331 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-121321-093528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Joubert syndrome (JS), Meckel syndrome (MKS), and nephronophthisis (NPH) ciliopathy spectrum could be the poster child for advances and challenges in Mendelian human genetics over the past half century. Progress in understanding these conditions illustrates many core concepts of human genetics. The JS phenotype alone is caused by pathogenic variants in more than 40 genes; remarkably, all of the associated proteins function in and around the primary cilium. Primary cilia are near-ubiquitous, microtubule-based organelles that play crucial roles in development and homeostasis. Protruding from the cell, these cellular antennae sense diverse signals and mediate Hedgehog and other critical signaling pathways. Ciliary dysfunction causes many human conditions termed ciliopathies, which range from multiple congenital malformations to adult-onset single-organ failure. Research on the genetics of the JS-MKS-NPH spectrum has spurred extensive functional work exploring the broadly important role of primary cilia in health and disease. This functional work promises to illuminate the mechanisms underlying JS-MKS-NPH in humans, identify therapeutic targets across genetic causes, and generate future precision treatments. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, Volume 23 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; .,Molecular Medicine and Mechanisms of Disease Program, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; .,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA;
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20
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Dutta P, Ray K. Ciliary membrane, localised lipid modification and cilia function. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2613-2631. [PMID: 35661356 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cilium, a tiny microtubule-based cellular appendage critical for cell signalling and physiology, displays a large variety of receptors. The composition and turnover of ciliary lipids and receptors determine cell behaviour. Due to the exclusion of ribosomal machinery and limited membrane area, a cilium needs adaptive logistics to actively reconstitute the lipid and receptor compositions during development and differentiation. How is this dynamicity generated? Here, we examine whether, along with the Intraflagellar-Transport, targeted changes in sector-wise lipid composition could control the receptor localisation and functions in the cilia. We discuss how an interplay between ciliary lipid composition, localised lipid modification, and receptor function could contribute to cilia growth and signalling. We argue that lipid modification at the cell-cilium interface could generate an added thrust for a selective exchange of membrane lipids and the transmembrane and membrane-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Krishanu Ray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
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21
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Aggresome assembly at the centrosome is driven by CP110–CEP97–CEP290 and centriolar satellites. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:483-496. [PMID: 35411088 PMCID: PMC9033585 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein degradation is critical to maintaining cellular homeostasis, and perturbation of the ubiquitin proteasome system leads to the accumulation of protein aggregates. These aggregates are either directed towards autophagy for destruction or sequestered into an inclusion, termed the aggresome, at the centrosome. Utilizing high-resolution quantitative analysis, here, we define aggresome assembly at the centrosome in human cells. Centriolar satellites are proteinaceous granules implicated in the trafficking of proteins to the centrosome. During aggresome assembly, satellites were required for the growth of the aggresomal structure from an initial ring of phosphorylated HSP27 deposited around the centrioles. The seeding of this phosphorylated HSP27 ring depended on the centrosomal proteins CP110, CEP97 and CEP290. Owing to limiting amounts of CP110, senescent cells, which are characterized by the accumulation of protein aggregates, were defective in aggresome formation. Furthermore, satellites and CP110–CEP97–CEP290 were required for the aggregation of mutant huntingtin. Together, these data reveal roles for CP110–CEP97–CEP290 and satellites in the control of cellular proteostasis and the aggregation of disease-relevant proteins. Prosser et al. report that centriolar satellite and centrosomal proteins seed aggresomes, perinuclear inclusions of misfolded proteins, and may play a role in aggresome formation during senescence and huntingtin aggregation.
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22
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Tingler M, Philipp M, Burkhalter MD. DNA Replication proteins in primary microcephaly syndromes. Biol Cell 2022; 114:143-159. [PMID: 35182397 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Improper expansion of neural stem and progenitor cells during brain development manifests in primary microcephaly. It is characterized by a reduced head circumference, which correlates with a reduction in brain size. This often corresponds to a general underdevelopment of the brain and entails cognitive, behavioral and motoric retardation. In the past decade significant research efforts have been undertaken to identify genes and the molecular mechanisms underlying microcephaly. One such gene set encompasses factors required for DNA replication. Intriguingly, a growing body of evidence indicates that a substantial number of these genes mediate faithful centrosome and cilium function in addition to their canonical function in genome duplication. Here, we summarize, which DNA replication factors are associated with microcephaly syndromes and to which extent they impact on centrosomes and cilia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tingler
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
| | - Melanie Philipp
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
| | - Martin D Burkhalter
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
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23
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Szymanska K, Boldt K, Logan CV, Adams M, Robinson PA, Ueffing M, Zeqiraj E, Wheway G, Johnson CA. Regulation of canonical Wnt signalling by the ciliopathy protein MKS1 and the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2E1. eLife 2022; 11:57593. [PMID: 35170427 PMCID: PMC8880992 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary defects cause a group of developmental conditions known as ciliopathies. Here, we provide mechanistic insight into ciliary ubiquitin processing in cells and for mouse model lacking the ciliary protein Mks1. In vivo loss of Mks1 sensitises cells to proteasomal disruption, leading to abnormal accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins. We identified UBE2E1, an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that polyubiquitinates β-catenin, and RNF34, an E3 ligase, as novel interactants of MKS1. UBE2E1 and MKS1 colocalised, and loss of UBE2E1 recapitulates the ciliary and Wnt signalling phenotypes observed during loss of MKS1. Levels of UBE2E1 and MKS1 are co-dependent and UBE2E1 mediates both regulatory and degradative ubiquitination of MKS1. We demonstrate that processing of phosphorylated β-catenin occurs at the ciliary base through the functional interaction between UBE2E1 and MKS1. These observations suggest that correct β-catenin levels are tightly regulated at the primary cilium by a ciliary-specific E2 (UBE2E1) and a regulatory substrate-adaptor (MKS1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szymanska
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Institute of Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Matthew Adams
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marius Ueffing
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elton Zeqiraj
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gabrielle Wheway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Colin A Johnson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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24
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Abstract
The BBSome is an octameric protein complex involved in Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), a human pleiotropic, autosomal recessive condition. Patients with BBS display various clinical features including obesity, hypertension, and renal abnormalities. Association studies have also linked the BBS genes to hypertension and other cardiovascular risks in the general population. The BBSome was originally associated with the function of cilia, a highly specialized organelle that extend from the cell membrane of most vertebrate cells. However, subsequent studies have implicated the BBSome in the control of a myriad of other cellular processes not related to cilia including cell membrane localization of receptors and gene expression. The development of animal models of BBS such as mouse lines lacking various components of the BBSome and associated proteins has facilitated studying their role in the control of cardiovascular function and deciphering the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the cardiovascular aberrations associated with BBS. These studies revealed the importance of the neuronal, renal, vascular, and cardiac BBSome in the regulation of blood pressure, renal function, vascular reactivity, and cardiac development. The BBSome has also emerged as a critical regulator of key systems involved in cardiovascular control including the renin-angiotensin system. Better understanding of the influence of the BBSome on the molecular and physiological processes relevant to cardiovascular health and disease has the potential of identifying novel mechanisms underlying hypertension and other cardiovascular risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,Human Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Iowa Graduate College, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,Obesity Research and Educational Initiative, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA,Corresponding author: Kamal Rahmouni, Ph.D., Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA, , Tel: 319 353 5256, Fax: 319 353 5350
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25
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Inskeep KA, Zarate YA, Monteil D, Spranger J, Doherty D, Stottmann RW, Weaver KN. Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in KIAA0753-related ciliopathies. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:104-115. [PMID: 34523780 PMCID: PMC9274454 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Primary ciliopathies are heterogenous disorders resulting from perturbations in primary cilia form and/or function. Primary cilia are cellular organelles which mediate key signaling pathways during development, such as the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway which is required for neuroepithelium and central nervous system development. Joubert syndrome is a primary ciliopathy characterized by cerebellar/brain stem malformation, hypotonia, and developmental delays. At least 35 genes are associated with Joubert syndrome, including the gene KIAA0753, which is part of a complex required for primary ciliogenesis. The phenotypic spectrum associated with biallelic pathogenic variants in KIAA0753 is broad and not well-characterized. We describe four individuals with biallelic pathogenic KIAA0753 variants, including five novel variants. We report in vitro results assessing the function of each variant indicating that mutant proteins are not fully competent to promote primary ciliogenesis. Ablation of KIAA0753 in vitro blocks primary ciliogenesis and SHH pathway activity. Correspondingly, KIAA0753 patient fibroblasts have a deficit in primary ciliation and improper SHH and WNT signaling, with a particularly blunted response to SHH pathway stimulation. Our work expands the phenotypic spectrum of KIAA0753 ciliopathies and demonstrates the utility of patient-focused functional assays for proving causality of genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Inskeep
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Yuri A. Zarate
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Danielle Monteil
- Department of Pediatrics, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA
| | | | | | - Rolf W. Stottmann
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - K. Nicole Weaver
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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26
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Renaud CCN, Bidère N. Function of Centriolar Satellites and Regulation by Post-Translational Modifications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:780502. [PMID: 34888313 PMCID: PMC8650133 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.780502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centriolar satellites are small membrane-less granules that gravitate around the centrosome. Recent advances in defining the satellite proteome and interactome have unveiled hundreds of new satellite components thus illustrating the complex nature of these particles. Although initially linked to the homeostasis of centrosome and the formation of primary cilia, these composite and highly dynamic structures appear to participate in additional cellular processes, such as proteostasis, autophagy, and cellular stress. In this review, we first outline the main features and many roles of centriolar satellites. We then discuss how post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, shape their composition and functions. This is of particular interest as interfering with these processes may provide ways to manipulate these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Bidère
- CNRS, CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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27
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Kwon M, Rubio G, Nolan N, Auteri P, Volmar JA, Adem A, Javidian P, Zhou Z, Verzi MP, Pine SR, Libutti SK. FILIP1L Loss Is a Driver of Aggressive Mucinous Colorectal Adenocarcinoma and Mediates Cytokinesis Defects through PFDN1. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5523-5539. [PMID: 34417201 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploid mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma (MAC) is an aggressive subtype of colorectal cancer with poor prognosis. The tumorigenic mechanisms in aneuploid MAC are currently unknown. Here we show that downregulation of Filamin A-interacting protein 1-like (FILIP1L) is a driver of MAC. Loss of FILIP1L increased xenograft growth, and, in colon-specific knockout mice, induced colonic epithelial hyperplasia and mucin secretion. The molecular chaperone prefoldin 1 (PFDN1) was identified as a novel binding partner of FILIP1L at the centrosomes throughout mitosis. FILIP1L was required for proper centrosomal localization of PFDN1 and regulated proteasome-dependent degradation of PFDN1. Importantly, increased PFDN1, caused by downregulation of FILIP1L, drove multinucleation and cytokinesis defects in vitro and in vivo, which were confirmed by time-lapse imaging and 3D cultures of normal epithelial cells. Overall, these findings suggest that downregulation of FILIP1L and subsequent upregulation of PFDN1 is a driver of the unique neoplastic characteristics in aggressive aneuploid MAC. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies FILIP1L as a tumor suppressor in mucinous colon cancer and demonstrates that FILIP1L loss results in aberrant stabilization of a centrosome-associated chaperone protein to drive aneuploidy and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijung Kwon
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Genesaret Rubio
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Nicholas Nolan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Peter Auteri
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Jean Arly Volmar
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Asha Adem
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Parisa Javidian
- Department of Pathology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Zhongren Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Sharon R Pine
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Steven K Libutti
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
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28
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Gohlke S, Mancini C, Garcia-Carrizo F, Schulz TJ. Loss of the ciliary gene Bbs4 results in defective thermogenesis due to metabolic inefficiency and impaired lipid metabolism. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21966. [PMID: 34624148 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100772rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is central to the regulation of energy balance. While white adipose tissue (WAT) is responsible for triglyceride storage, brown adipose tissue specializes in energy expenditure. Deterioration of brown adipocyte function contributes to the development of metabolic complications like obesity and diabetes. These disorders are also leading symptoms of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), a hereditary disorder in humans which is caused by dysfunctions of the primary cilium and which therefore belongs to the group of ciliopathies. The cilium is a hair-like organelle involved in cellular signal transduction. The BBSome, a supercomplex of several Bbs gene products, localizes to the basal body of cilia and is thought to be involved in protein sorting to and from the ciliary membrane. The effects of a functional BBSome on energy metabolism and lipid mobilization in brown and white adipocytes were tested in whole-body Bbs4 knockout mice that were subjected to metabolic challenges. Chronic cold exposure reveals cold-intolerance of knockout mice but also ameliorates the markers of metabolic pathology detected in knockouts prior to cold. Hepatic triglyceride content is markedly reduced in knockout mice while circulating lipids are elevated, altogether suggesting that defective lipid metabolism in adipose tissue creates increased demand for systemic lipid mobilization to meet energetic demands of reduced body temperatures. These findings taken together suggest that Bbs4 is essential for the regulation of adipose tissue lipid metabolism, representing a potential target to treat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gohlke
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Carola Mancini
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Francisco Garcia-Carrizo
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tim J Schulz
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
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29
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Bardet-Biedl syndrome proteins modulate the release of bioactive extracellular vesicles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5671. [PMID: 34580290 PMCID: PMC8476602 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule based sensory organelles important for receiving and processing cellular signals. Recent studies have shown that cilia also release extracellular vesicles (EVs). Because EVs have been shown to exert various physiological functions, these findings have the potential to alter our understanding of how primary cilia regulate specific signalling pathways. So far the focus has been on lgEVs budding directly from the ciliary membrane. An association between cilia and MVB-derived smEVs has not yet been described. We show that ciliary mutant mammalian cells demonstrate increased secretion of small EVs (smEVs) and a change in EV composition. Characterisation of smEV cargo identified signalling molecules that are differentially loaded upon ciliary dysfunction. Furthermore, we show that these smEVs are biologically active and modulate the WNT response in recipient cells. These results provide us with insights into smEV-dependent ciliary signalling mechanisms which might underly ciliopathy disease pathogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are known to be released from the primary cilium, but the role ciliary proteins play in EV biogenesis remains unexplored. Here, the authors demonstrate increased secretion of small EVs with altered cargo composition from cells with known ciliarelated mutations. Wnt related molecules made up a majority of altered cargo
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30
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Suthon S, Perkins RS, Bryja V, Miranda-Carboni GA, Krum SA. WNT5B in Physiology and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:667581. [PMID: 34017835 PMCID: PMC8129536 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT5B, a member of the WNT family of proteins that is closely related to WNT5A, is required for cell migration, cell proliferation, or cell differentiation in many cell types. WNT5B signals through the non-canonical β-catenin-independent signaling pathway and often functions as an antagonist of canonical WNT signaling. Although WNT5B has a high amino acid identity with WNT5A and is often assumed to have similar activities, WNT5B often exhibits unique expression patterns and functions. Here, we describe the distinct effects and mechanisms of WNT5B on development, bone, adipose tissue, cardiac tissue, the nervous system, the mammary gland, the lung and hematopoietic cells, compared to WNT5A. We also highlight aberrances in non-canonical WNT5B signaling contributing to diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, neuropathology, and chronic diseases associated with aging, as well as various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarocha Suthon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Rachel S Perkins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Gustavo A Miranda-Carboni
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Susan A Krum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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31
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Kinase-anchoring proteins in ciliary signal transduction. Biochem J 2021; 478:1617-1629. [PMID: 33909027 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the diffusion of chemical signals through the cell was thought to occur within a cytoplasmic soup bounded by the plasma membrane. This theory was predicated on the notion that all regulatory enzymes are soluble and moved with a Brownian motion. Although enzyme compartmentalization was initially rebuffed by biochemists as a 'last refuge of a scoundrel', signal relay through macromolecular complexes is now accepted as a fundamental tenet of the burgeoning field of spatial biology. A-Kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) are prototypic enzyme-organizing elements that position clusters of regulatory proteins at defined subcellular locations. In parallel, the primary cilium has gained recognition as a subcellular mechanosensory organelle that amplifies second messenger signals pertaining to metazoan development. This article highlights advances in our understanding of AKAP signaling within the primary cilium and how defective ciliary function contributes to an increasing number of diseases known as ciliopathies.
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32
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Expression Pattern of α-Tubulin, Inversin and Its Target Dishevelled-1 and Morphology of Primary Cilia in Normal Human Kidney Development and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073500. [PMID: 33800671 PMCID: PMC8037028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal expression of α-tubulin, inversin and dishevelled-1 (DVL-1) proteins associated with the Wnt-signaling pathway, and primary cilia morphology were analyzed in developing kidneys (14th–38th developmental weeks), healthy postnatal (1.5- and 7-years old) and pathologically changed human kidneys, including multicystic dysplastic kidneys (MCDK), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (CNF). The analysis was performed by double immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, semiquantitative and statistical methods. Cytoplasmic co-expression of α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 was observed in the proximal convoluted tubules (pct), distal convoluted tubules (dct) and glomeruli (g) of analyzed tissues. During kidney development, the overall expression of α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 decreased, while in the postnatal period slightly increased. The highest expressions of α-tubulin and inversin characterized dct and g, while high DVL-1 characterized pct. α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 expression pattern in MCDK, FSGS and CNF kidneys significantly differed from the healthy control. Compared to healthy kidneys, pathologically changed kidneys had dysmorphic primary cilia. Different expression dynamics of α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 during kidney development could indicate that switch between the canonical and noncanonical Wnt-signaling is essential for normal kidney morphogenesis. In contrast, their disturbed expression in pathological kidneys might be associated with abnormal primary cilia, leading to chronic kidney diseases.
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33
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Duong Phu M, Bross S, Burkhalter MD, Philipp M. Limitations and opportunities in the pharmacotherapy of ciliopathies. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107841. [PMID: 33771583 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a family of rather diverse conditions, which have been grouped based on the finding of altered or dysfunctional cilia, potentially motile, small cellular antennae extending from the surface of postmitotic cells. Cilia-related disorders include embryonically arising conditions such as Joubert, Usher or Kartagener syndrome, but also afflictions with a postnatal or even adult onset phenotype, i.e. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The majority of ciliopathies are syndromic rather than affecting only a single organ due to cilia being found on almost any cell in the human body. Overall ciliopathies are considered rare diseases. Despite that, pharmacological research and the strive to help these patients has led to enormous therapeutic advances in the last decade. In this review we discuss new treatment options for certain ciliopathies, give an outlook on promising future therapeutic strategies, but also highlight the limitations in the development of therapeutic approaches of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Duong Phu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bross
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin D Burkhalter
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Philipp
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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34
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Hossain Saad MZ, Xiang L, Liao YS, Reznikov LR, Du J. The Underlying Mechanism of Modulation of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 by protons. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:632711. [PMID: 33603674 PMCID: PMC7884864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.632711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 3 channel (TRPM3) is a calcium-permeable nonselective cation channel that plays an important role in modulating glucose homeostasis in the pancreatic beta cells. However, how TRPM3 is regulated under physiological and pathological conditions is poorly understood. In this study, we found that both intracellular and extracellular protons block TRPM3 through its binding sites in the pore region. We demonstrated that external protons block TRPM3 with an inhibitory pH50 of 5.5. whereas internal protons inhibit TRPM3 with an inhibitory pH50 of 6.9. We identified three titratable residues, D1059, D1062, and D1073, at the vestibule of the channel pore that contributes to pH sensitivity. The mutation of D1073Q reduced TRPM3 current by low external pH 5.5 from 62 ± 3% in wildtype to 25 ± 6.0% in D1073Q mutant. These results indicate that D1073 is essential for pH sensitivity. In addition, we found that a single mutation of D1059 or D1062 enhanced pH sensitivity. In summary, our findings identify molecular determinants respionsible for the pH regulation of TRPM3. The inhibition of TRPM3 by protons may indicate an endogenous mechanism governing TRPM3 gating and its physiological/pathological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zubayer Hossain Saad
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Liuruimin Xiang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States.,Program of Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yan-Shin Liao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Leah R Reznikov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jianyang Du
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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35
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BBS Proteins Affect Ciliogenesis and Are Essential for Hedgehog Signaling, but Not for Formation of iPSC-Derived RPE-65 Expressing RPE-Like Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031345. [PMID: 33572860 PMCID: PMC7866284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathy characterized by retinal dystrophy, renal cysts, obesity and polydactyly. BBS genes have been implicated in ciliogenesis, hedgehog signaling and retinal pigment epithelium maturation. BBS1 and BBS5 are members of the BBSome, implicated in cilia transport of proteins, and BBS10 is a member of the chaperonin-complex, mediating BBSome assembly. In this study, involvement of BBS1, BBS5 and BBS10 in ciliogenesis and hedgehog signaling were investigated in BBS-defective patient fibroblasts as well as in RPE-hTERT cells following siRNA-mediated knockdown of the BBS genes. Furthermore, the ability of BBS1-defective induced pluripotent stem-cells (iPSCs) to differentiate into RPE cells was assessed. We report that cells lacking functional BBS5 or BBS10 have a reduced number of primary cilia, whereas cells lacking functional BBS1 display shorter primary cilia compared to wild-type cells. Hedgehog signaling was substantially impaired and Smoothened, a component of hedgehog signaling, was trapped inside the cilia of the BBS-defective cells, even in the absence of Smoothened agonist. Preliminary results demonstrated the ability of BBS1-defective iPSC to differentiate into RPE-65 expressing RPE-like cells. The BBS1-/--defective RPE-like cells were less pigmented, compared to RPE-like cells differentiated from control iPSCs, indicating an impact of BBS1 on RPE maturation.
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36
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Androglobin gene expression patterns and FOXJ1-dependent regulation indicate its functional association with ciliogenesis. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100291. [PMID: 33453283 PMCID: PMC7949040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Androglobin (ADGB) represents the latest addition to the globin superfamily in metazoans. The chimeric protein comprises a calpain domain and a unique circularly permutated globin domain. ADGB expression levels are most abundant in mammalian testis, but its cell-type-specific expression, regulation, and function have remained unexplored. Analyzing bulk and single-cell mRNA-Seq data from mammalian tissues, we found that—in addition to the testes—ADGB is prominently expressed in the female reproductive tract, lungs, and brain, specifically being associated with cell types forming motile cilia. Correlation analysis suggested coregulation of ADGB with FOXJ1, a crucial transcription factor of ciliogenesis. Investigating the transcriptional regulation of the ADGB gene, we characterized its promoter using epigenomic datasets, exogenous promoter-dependent luciferase assays, and CRISPR/dCas9-VPR-mediated activation approaches. Reporter gene assays revealed that FOXJ1 indeed substantially enhanced luciferase activity driven by the ADGB promoter. ChIP assays confirmed binding of FOXJ1 to the endogenous ADGB promoter region. We dissected the minimal sequence required for FOXJ1-dependent regulation and fine mapped the FOXJ1 binding site to two evolutionarily conserved regions within the ADGB promoter. FOXJ1 overexpression significantly increased endogenous ADGB mRNA levels in HEK293 and MCF-7 cells. Similar results were observed upon RFX2 overexpression, another key transcription factor in ciliogenesis. The complex transcriptional regulation of the ADGB locus was illustrated by identifying a distal enhancer, responsible for synergistic regulation by RFX2 and FOXJ1. Finally, cell culture studies indicated an ADGB-dependent increase in the number of ciliated cells upon overexpression of the full-length protein, confirming a ciliogenesis-associated role of ADGB in mammals.
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37
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Tsyklauri O, Niederlova V, Forsythe E, Prasai A, Drobek A, Kasparek P, Sparks K, Trachtulec Z, Prochazka J, Sedlacek R, Beales P, Huranova M, Stepanek O. Bardet-Biedl Syndrome ciliopathy is linked to altered hematopoiesis and dysregulated self-tolerance. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50785. [PMID: 33426789 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a pleiotropic genetic disease caused by the dysfunction of primary cilia. The immune system of patients with ciliopathies has not been investigated. However, there are multiple indications that the impairment of the processes typically associated with cilia may have influence on the hematopoietic compartment and immunity. In this study, we analyze clinical data of BBS patients and corresponding mouse models carrying mutations in Bbs4 or Bbs18. We find that BBS patients have a higher prevalence of certain autoimmune diseases. Both BBS patients and animal models have altered red blood cell and platelet compartments, as well as elevated white blood cell levels. Some of the hematopoietic system alterations are associated with BBS-induced obesity. Moreover, we observe that the development and homeostasis of B cells in mice is regulated by the transport complex BBSome, whose dysfunction is a common cause of BBS. The BBSome limits canonical WNT signaling and increases CXCL12 levels in bone marrow stromal cells. Taken together, our study reveals a connection between a ciliopathy and dysregulated immune and hematopoietic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Tsyklauri
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Niederlova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elizabeth Forsythe
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,National Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Service, Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Avishek Prasai
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Drobek
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kasparek
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Kathryn Sparks
- National Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Service, Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Zdenek Trachtulec
- Laboratory of Germ Cell Development, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Philip Beales
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,National Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Service, Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Martina Huranova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Stepanek
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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38
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La Sala G, Di Pietro C, Matteoni R, Bolasco G, Marazziti D, Tocchini-Valentini GP. Gpr37l1/prosaposin receptor regulates Ptch1 trafficking, Shh production, and cell proliferation in cerebellar primary astrocytes. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:1064-1083. [PMID: 33350496 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian cerebellar astrocytes critically regulate the differentiation and maturation of neuronal Purkinje cells and granule precursors. The G protein-coupled receptor 37-like 1 (Gpr37l1) is expressed by Bergmann astrocytes and interacts with patched 1 (Ptch1) at peri-ciliary membranes. Cerebellar primary astrocyte cultures from wild-type and Gpr37l1 null mutant mouse pups were established and studied. Primary cilia were produced by cultures of both genotypes, as well as Ptch1 and smoothened (Smo) components of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) mitogenic pathway. Compared to wild-type cells, Gpr37l1-/- astrocytes displayed striking increases in proliferative activity, Ptch1 protein expression and internalization, intracellular cholesterol content, ciliary localization of Smo, as well as a marked production of active Shh. Similar effects were reproduced by treating wild-type astrocytes with a putative prosaptide ligand of Gpr37l1. These findings indicate that Gpr37l1-Ptch1 interactions specifically regulate Ptch1 internalization and trafficking, with consequent stimulation of Shh production and activation of proliferative signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina La Sala
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Pietro
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Rafaele Matteoni
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Bolasco
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Marazziti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Glauco P Tocchini-Valentini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
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39
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Mishima K, Fujita A, Mizuno S, Matsushita M, Nagata T, Kamiya Y, Miyake N, Matsumoto N, Imagama S, Kitoh H. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease in a patient with Bardet-Biedl syndrome: A case report of a novel MKKS/BBS6 mutation. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:3110-3115. [PMID: 33363891 PMCID: PMC7752338 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports a girl with Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) having a novel causative mutation who developed Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD). There exists a possibility that the prognosis of LCPD had been adversely affected by the concomitant BBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Mishima
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human GeneticsYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Seiji Mizuno
- Division of Medical GeneticsAichi Developmental Disability CenterKasugaiJapan
| | - Masaki Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Tadashi Nagata
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Yasunari Kamiya
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human GeneticsYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human GeneticsYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Kitoh
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryAichi Children’s Health and Medical CenterObuJapan
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40
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Monroe TO, Garrett ME, Kousi M, Rodriguiz RM, Moon S, Bai Y, Brodar SC, Soldano KL, Savage J, Hansen TF, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Barak L, Sullivan PF, Ashley-Koch AE, Sawa A, Wetsel WC, Werge T, Katsanis N. PCM1 is necessary for focal ciliary integrity and is a candidate for severe schizophrenia. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5903. [PMID: 33214552 PMCID: PMC7677393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal primary cilium and centriolar satellites have functions in neurogenesis, but little is known about their roles in the postnatal brain. We show that ablation of pericentriolar material 1 in the mouse leads to progressive ciliary, anatomical, psychomotor, and cognitive abnormalities. RNAseq reveals changes in amine- and G-protein coupled receptor pathways. The physiological relevance of this phenotype is supported by decreased available dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) levels and the failure of antipsychotic drugs to rescue adult behavioral defects. Immunoprecipitations show an association with Pcm1 and D2Rs. Finally, we sequence PCM1 in two human cohorts with severe schizophrenia. Systematic modeling of all discovered rare alleles by zebrafish in vivo complementation reveals an enrichment for pathogenic alleles. Our data emphasize a role for the pericentriolar material in the postnatal brain, with progressive degenerative ciliary and behavioral phenotypes; and they support a contributory role for PCM1 in some individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. The role of ciliary/centriolar components in the postnatal brain is unclear. Here, the authors show via ablation of Pcm1 in mice that degenerative ciliary/centriolar phenotypes induce neuroanatomical and behavioral changes. Sequencing of PCM1 in human cohorts and zebrafish in vivo complementation suggests PCM1 mutations can contribute to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner O Monroe
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Advanced Center for Translational and Genetic Medicine (ACT-GeM), Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Melanie E Garrett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Maria Kousi
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ramona M Rodriguiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sungjin Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yushi Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Steven C Brodar
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Karen L Soldano
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Jeremiah Savage
- Center for Translational Data Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60615, USA
| | - Thomas F Hansen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lawrence Barak
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Allison E Ashley-Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - William C Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Thomas Werge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark.,iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for GeoGenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Advanced Center for Translational and Genetic Medicine (ACT-GeM), Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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41
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Hosio M, Jaks V, Lagus H, Vuola J, Ogawa R, Kankuri E. Primary Ciliary Signaling in the Skin-Contribution to Wound Healing and Scarring. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:578384. [PMID: 33282860 PMCID: PMC7691485 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.578384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia (PC) are solitary, post-mitotic, microtubule-based, and membrane-covered protrusions that are found on almost every mammalian cell. PC are specialized cellular sensory organelles that transmit environmental information to the cell. Signaling through PC is involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Conversely, defective, or abnormal PC signaling can contribute to the development of various pathological conditions. Our knowledge of the role of PC in organ development and function is largely based on ciliopathies, a family of genetic disorders with mutations affecting the structure and function of PC. In this review, we focus on the role of PC in their major signaling pathways active in skin cells, and their contribution to wound healing and scarring. To provide comprehensive insights into the current understanding of PC functions, we have collected data available in the literature, including evidence across cell types, tissues, and animal species. We conclude that PC are underappreciated subcellular organelles that significantly contribute to both physiological and pathological processes of the skin development and wound healing. Thus, PC assembly and disassembly and PC signaling may serve as attractive targets for antifibrotic and antiscarring therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Hosio
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viljar Jaks
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Heli Lagus
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Wound Healing Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyrki Vuola
- Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rei Ogawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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42
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Brücker L, Kretschmer V, May-Simera HL. The entangled relationship between cilia and actin. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 129:105877. [PMID: 33166678 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based sensory cell organelles that are vital for tissue and organ development. They act as an antenna, receiving and transducing signals, enabling communication between cells. Defects in ciliogenesis result in severe genetic disorders collectively termed ciliopathies. In recent years, the importance of the direct and indirect involvement of actin regulators in ciliogenesis came into focus as it was shown that F-actin polymerisation impacts ciliation. The ciliary basal body was further identified as both a microtubule and actin organising centre. In the current review, we summarize recent studies on F-actin in and around primary cilia, focusing on different actin regulators and their effect on ciliogenesis, from the initial steps of basal body positioning and regulation of ciliary assembly and disassembly. Since primary cilia are also involved in several intracellular signalling pathways such as planar cell polarity (PCP), subsequently affecting actin rearrangements, the multiple effectors of this pathway are highlighted in more detail with a focus on the feedback loops connecting actin networks and cilia proteins. Finally, we elucidate the role of actin regulators in the development of ciliopathy symptoms and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Brücker
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Viola Kretschmer
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Helen Louise May-Simera
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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43
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Wang B, Liang Z, Liu P. Functional aspects of primary cilium in signaling, assembly and microenvironment in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3207-3219. [PMID: 33107052 PMCID: PMC7984063 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The primary cilium is an antennae‐like structure extent outside the cell surface. It has an important role in regulating cell‐signaling transduction to affect proliferation, differentiation and migration. Evidence is accumulating that ciliary defects lead to ciliopathies and ciliary deregulation also play crucial roles in cancer formation and progression. Interestingly, restoring the cilia can suppress proliferation in some cancer cell. However, t he role of primary cilia in cancer still be debated. In this article, we review the role of the primary cilium in cancer through architecture, signaling pathways, cilia assembly and disassembly regulators, and summarized the new findings of the primary cilium in tumor microenvironments and different cancers, highlighting novel possibilities for therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheyong Liang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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44
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Lee KH. Involvement of Wnt signaling in primary cilia assembly and disassembly. FEBS J 2020; 287:5027-5038. [PMID: 33015954 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a nonmotile microtubule-based structure, which functions as an antenna-like cellular sensing organelle. The primary cilium is assembled from the basal body, a mother centriole-based structure, during interphase or a quiescent cell stage, and rapidly disassembles before entering mitosis in a dynamic cycle. Defects in this ciliogenesis dynamics are associated with human diseases such as ciliopathy and cancer, but the molecular mechanisms of the ciliogenesis dynamics are still largely unknown. To date, various cellular signaling pathways associated with primary cilia have been proposed, but the main signaling pathways regulating primary cilia assembly/disassembly remain enigmatic. This review describes recent findings in Wnt-induced primary cilia assembly/disassembly and potential future directions for the study of the cellular signaling related to the primary ciliogenesis dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ho Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Korea
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45
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Ji Y, Garland MA, Sun B, Zhang S, Reynolds K, McMahon M, Rajakumar R, Islam MS, Liu Y, Chen Y, Zhou CJ. Cellular and developmental basis of orofacial clefts. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1558-1587. [PMID: 32725806 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During craniofacial development, defective growth and fusion of the upper lip and/or palate can cause orofacial clefts (OFCs), which are among the most common structural birth defects in humans. The developmental basis of OFCs includes morphogenesis of the upper lip, primary palate, secondary palate, and other orofacial structures, each consisting of diverse cell types originating from all three germ layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Cranial neural crest cells and orofacial epithelial cells are two major cell types that interact with various cell lineages and play key roles in orofacial development. The cellular basis of OFCs involves defective execution in any one or several of the following processes: neural crest induction, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, primary cilia formation and its signaling transduction, epithelial seam formation and disappearance, periderm formation and peeling, convergence and extrusion of palatal epithelial seam cells, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton dynamics, and extracellular matrix function. The latest cellular and developmental findings may provide a basis for better understanding of the underlying genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and molecular mechanisms of OFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michael A Garland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kurt Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Moira McMahon
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Ratheya Rajakumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Mohammad S Islam
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chengji J Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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46
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Exploring Key Challenges of Understanding the Pathogenesis of Kidney Disease in Bardet-Biedl Syndrome. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:1403-1415. [PMID: 32954066 PMCID: PMC7486190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare pleiotropic inherited disorder known as a ciliopathy. Kidney disease is a cardinal clinical feature; however, it is one of the less investigated traits. This study is a comprehensive analysis of the literature aiming to collect available information providing mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of kidney disease by analyzing clinical and basic science studies focused on this issue. The analysis revealed that the syndrome is either clinically and genetically heterogenous, with 24 genes discovered to date, but with 3 genes (BBS1, BBS2, and BBS10) accounting for almost 50% of diagnoses; genotype–phenotype correlation studies showed that patients with BBS1 mutations have a less severe renal phenotype than the other 2 most common loci; in addition, truncating rather than missense mutations are more likely to cause kidney disease. However, significant intrafamilial clinical variability has been described, with no clear explanation to date. In mice kidneys, Bbs genes have relative low expression levels, in contrast with other common affected organs, like the retina; surprisingly, Bbs1 is the only locus with basal overexpression in the kidney. In vitro studies indicate that signalling pathways involved in embryonic kidney development and repair are affected in the context of BBS depletion; in mice, kidney disease does not have a full penetrance; when present, it resembles human phenotype and shows an age-dependent progression. Data on the exact contribution of local versus systemic consequences of Bbs dysfunction are scanty and further investigations are required to get firm conclusions.
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47
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KIF3A regulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via transporting β-catenin during spermatogenesis in Eriocheir sinensis. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:527-541. [PMID: 32458081 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway participates in many important physiological events such as cell proliferation and differentiation in the male reproductive system. We found that Kinesin-2 motor KIF3A is highly expressed during spermatogenesis in Eriocheir sinensis; it may potentially promote the intracellular transport of cargoes in this process. However, only a few studies have focused on the relationship between KIF3A and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the male reproductive system of decapod crustaceans. In this study, we cloned and characterized the CDS of β-catenin in E. sinensis for the first time. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence results showed the colocalization of Es-KIF3A and Es-β-catenin at the mRNA and the protein level respectively. To further explore the regulatory function of Es-KIF3A to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, the es-kif3a was knocked down by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in vivo and in primary cultured cells in testes of E. sinensis. Results showed that the expression of es-β-catenin and es-dvl were decreased in the es-kif3a knockdown group. The protein expression level of Es-β-catenin was also reduced and the location of Es-β-catenin was changed from nucleus to cytoplasm in the late stage of spermatogenesis when es-kif3a was knocked down. Besides, the co-IP result demonstrated that Es-KIF3A could bind with Es-β-catenin. In summary, this study indicates that Es-KIF3A can positively regulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during spermatogenesis and Es-KIF3A can bind with Es-β-catenin to facilitate the nuclear translocation of Es-β-catenin.
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48
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Establishing and regulating the composition of cilia for signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 20:389-405. [PMID: 30948801 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a hair-like surface-exposed organelle of the eukaryotic cell that decodes a variety of signals - such as odorants, light and Hedgehog morphogens - by altering the local concentrations and activities of signalling proteins. Signalling within the cilium is conveyed through a diverse array of second messengers, including conventional signalling molecules (such as cAMP) and some unusual intermediates (such as sterols). Diffusion barriers at the ciliary base establish the unique composition of this signalling compartment, and cilia adapt their proteome to signalling demands through regulated protein trafficking. Much progress has been made on the molecular understanding of regulated ciliary trafficking, which encompasses not only exchanges between the cilium and the rest of the cell but also the shedding of signalling factors into extracellular vesicles.
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49
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Prosser SL, Pelletier L. Centriolar satellite biogenesis and function in vertebrate cells. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/1/jcs239566. [PMID: 31896603 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Centriolar satellites are non-membranous cytoplasmic granules that concentrate in the vicinity of the centrosome, the major microtubule-organizing centre (MTOC) in animal cells. Originally assigned as conduits for the transport of proteins towards the centrosome and primary cilium, the complexity of satellites is starting to become apparent. Recent studies defined the satellite proteome and interactomes, placing hundreds of proteins from diverse pathways in association with satellites. In addition, studies on cells lacking satellites have revealed that the centrosome can assemble in their absence, whereas studies on acentriolar cells have demonstrated that satellite assembly is independent from an intact MTOC. A role for satellites in ciliogenesis is well established; however, their contribution to other cellular functions is poorly understood. In this Review, we discuss the developments in our understanding of centriolar satellite assembly and function, and why satellites are rapidly becoming established as governors of multiple cellular processes. We highlight the composition and biogenesis of satellites and what is known about the regulation of these aspects. Furthermore, we discuss the evolution from thinking of satellites as mere facilitators of protein trafficking to the centrosome to thinking of them being key regulators of protein localization and cellular proteostasis for a diverse set of pathways, making them of broader interest to fields beyond those focused on centrosomes and ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanna L Prosser
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Laurence Pelletier
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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Glucose homeostasis is regulated by pancreatic β-cell cilia via endosomal EphA-processing. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5686. [PMID: 31831727 PMCID: PMC6908661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus affects one in eleven adults worldwide. Most suffer from Type 2 Diabetes which features elevated blood glucose levels and an inability to adequately secrete or respond to insulin. Insulin producing β-cells have primary cilia which are implicated in the regulation of glucose metabolism, insulin signaling and secretion. To better understand how β-cell cilia affect glucose handling, we ablate cilia from mature β-cells by deleting key cilia component Ift88. Here we report that glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion deteriorate over 12 weeks post-induction. Cilia/basal body components are required to suppress spontaneous auto-activation of EphA3 and hyper-phosphorylation of EphA receptors inhibits insulin secretion. In β-cells, loss of cilia/basal body function leads to polarity defects and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Defective insulin secretion from IFT88-depleted human islets and elevated pEPHA3 in islets from diabetic donors both point to a role for cilia/basal body proteins in human glucose homeostasis. Primary cilia have been proposed to regulate glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in beta cells, but it is not known how. Here the authors show that primary cilia play a role in adult β-cell function via a mechanism involving endosomal EphA-processing.
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