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Shao BZ, Zhang WG, Liu ZY, Linghu EQ. Autophagy and its role in gastrointestinal diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:4014-4020. [PMID: 39351250 PMCID: PMC11439115 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i36.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal disorders encompass a spectrum of conditions affecting various organs within the digestive system, such as the esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, pancreas, liver, small intestine, and bile ducts. The role of autophagy in the etiology and progression of gastrointestinal diseases has garnered significant attention. This paper seeks to evaluate the impact and mechanisms of autophagy in gastrointestinal disorders by synthesizing recent research findings. Specifically, we delve into inflammation-related gastrointestinal conditions, including ul-cerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and pancreatitis, as well as gastrointestinal cancers such as esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers. Additionally, we provide commentary on a recent publication by Chang et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology. Our objective is to offer fresh perspectives on the mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for these gastrointestinal ailments. This review aims to offer new perspectives on the mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal disorders by critically analyzing relevant publications. As discussed, the role of autophagy in gastrointestinal diseases is complex and, at times, contentious. To harness the full therapeutic potential of autophagy in treating these conditions, more in-depth research is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Zong Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wen-Gang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - En-Qiang Linghu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Gaynor SM, Joseph T, Bai X, Zou Y, Boutkov B, Maxwell EK, Delaneau O, Hofmeister RJ, Krasheninina O, Balasubramanian S, Marcketta A, Backman J, Reid JG, Overton JD, Lotta LA, Marchini J, Salerno WJ, Baras A, Abecasis GR, Thornton TA. Yield of genetic association signals from genomes, exomes and imputation in the UK Biobank. Nat Genet 2024:10.1038/s41588-024-01930-4. [PMID: 39322778 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS), whole-exome sequencing (WES) and array genotyping with imputation (IMP) are common strategies for assessing genetic variation and its association with medically relevant phenotypes. To date, there has been no systematic empirical assessment of the yield of these approaches when applied to hundreds of thousands of samples to enable the discovery of complex trait genetic signals. Using data for 100 complex traits from 149,195 individuals in the UK Biobank, we systematically compare the relative yield of these strategies in genetic association studies. We find that WGS and WES combined with arrays and imputation (WES + IMP) have the largest association yield. Although WGS results in an approximately fivefold increase in the total number of assayed variants over WES + IMP, the number of detected signals differed by only 1% for both single-variant and gene-based association analyses. Given that WES + IMP typically results in savings of lab and computational time and resources expended per sample, we evaluate the potential benefits of applying WES + IMP to larger samples. When we extend our WES + IMP analyses to 468,169 UK Biobank individuals, we observe an approximately fourfold increase in association signals with the threefold increase in sample size. We conclude that prioritizing WES + IMP and large sample sizes rather than contemporary short-read WGS alternatives will maximize the number of discoveries in genetic association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuxin Zou
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Robin J Hofmeister
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA.
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Arumugam P, Saha K, Nighot P. Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junction Barrier Regulation by Novel Pathways. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae232. [PMID: 39321109 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial tight junctions (TJs), a dynamically regulated barrier structure composed of occludin and claudin family of proteins, mediate the interaction between the host and the external environment by allowing selective paracellular permeability between the luminal and serosal compartments of the intestine. TJs are highly dynamic structures and can undergo constant architectural remodeling in response to various external stimuli. This is mediated by an array of intracellular signaling pathways that alters TJ protein expression and localization. Dysfunctional regulation of TJ components compromising the barrier homeostasis is an important pathogenic factor for pathological conditions including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previous studies have elucidated the significance of TJ barrier integrity and key regulatory mechanisms through various in vitro and in vivo models. In recent years, considerable efforts have been made to understand the crosstalk between various signaling pathways that regulate formation and disassembly of TJs. This review provides a comprehensive view on the novel mechanisms that regulate the TJ barrier and permeability. We discuss the latest evidence on how ion transport, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix proteins, signaling pathways, and cell survival mechanism of autophagy regulate intestinal TJ barrier function. We also provide a perspective on the context-specific outcomes of the TJ barrier modulation. The knowledge on the diverse TJ barrier regulatory mechanisms will provide further insights on the relevance of the TJ barrier defects and potential target molecules/pathways for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Arumugam
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kushal Saha
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Prashant Nighot
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Kromann EH, Cearra AP, Neves JF. Organoids as a tool to study homeostatic and pathological immune-epithelial interactions in the gut. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 218:28-39. [PMID: 38551817 PMCID: PMC11404120 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestine hosts the largest immune cell compartment in the body as a result of its continuous exposure to exogenous antigens. The intestinal barrier is formed by a single layer of epithelial cells which separate immune cells from the gut lumen. Bidirectional interactions between the epithelium and the immune compartment are critical for maintaining intestinal homeostasis by limiting infection, preventing excessive immune activation, and promoting tissue repair processes. However, our understanding of epithelial-immune interactions incomplete as the complexity of in vivo models can hinder mechanistic studies, cell culture models lack the cellular heterogeneity of the intestine and when established from primary cell can be difficult to maintain. In the last decade, organoids have emerged as a reliable model of the intestine, recapitulating key cellular and architectural features of native tissues. Herein, we provide an overview of how intestinal organoids are being co-cultured with immune cells leading to substantial advances in our understanding of immune-epithelial interactions in the gut. This has enabled new discoveries of the immune contribution to epithelial maintenance and regeneration both in homeostasis and in disease such as chronic inflammation, infection and cancer. Organoids can additionally be used to generate immune cells with a tissue-specific phenotype and to investigate the impact of disease associated risk genes on the intestinal immune environment. Accordingly, this review demonstrates the multitude of applications for intestinal organoids in immunological research and their potential for translational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Højmose Kromann
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ainize Peña Cearra
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Joana F Neves
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Tiong HT, Fan D, Frampton C, Ananthakrishnan AN, Gearry RB. Physical Activity is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Developing Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Crohns Colitis 2024; 18:1476-1485. [PMID: 38597690 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Modifiable risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], such as physical activity, may be used as prevention strategies. However, the findings of previous studies on the association between physical activity and IBD risk have been inconsistent. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the effect of physical activity on IBD risk. METHODS A search was conducted for relevant studies published before April 2023 that assessed the effect of pre-IBD diagnosis levels of physical activity on IBD incidence. Individual summary statistics [relative risks; RR], and confidence intervals [CI] were extracted with forest plots generated. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation [GRADE] approach to assess the quality of evidence. RESULTS Ten observational studies were included. For cohort studies, there were 1182 Crohn's disease [CD] and 2361 ulcerative colitis [UC] patients, with 860 992 participants without IBD. For case-control studies, there were 781 CD to 2636 controls, and 1127 UC to 3752 controls. Compared with individuals with low physical activity levels, the RRs of CD in individuals with high physical activity levels for cohort and case-control studies were 0.78 [95% CI 0.68-0.88, p = 0.0001] and 0.87 [95% CI 0.79-0.95, p = 0.003], respectively. For UC, the RRs were 0.62 [95% CI 0.43-0.88, p = 0.008] and 0.74 [95% CI 0.51-1.07, p = 0.11]. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that physical activity is inversely associated with the risk of developing IBD, more so in CD than in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Tuan Tiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Dali Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Chris Frampton
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard B Gearry
- Department of Gastroenterology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Qiu P, Zhou K, Wang Y, Chen X, Xiao C, Li W, Chen Y, Chang Y, Liu J, Zhou F, Wang X, Shang J, Liu L, Qiu Z. Revitalizing gut barrier integrity: role of miR-192-5p in enhancing autophagy via Rictor in enteritis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 327:G317-G332. [PMID: 38954822 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00291.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation and compromised barrier function are critical factors in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-192-5p in modulating intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) integrity and its association with autophagy. A DSS-induced colitis model was used to assess the effects of miR-192-5p on intestinal inflammation. In vitro experiments involved cell culture and transient transfection techniques. Various assays, including dual-luciferase reporter gene assays, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance, were performed to evaluate changes in miR-192-5p expression, Rictor levels, and autophagy flux. Immunofluorescence staining, H&E staining, TEER measurements, and FITC-dextran analysis were also used. Our findings revealed a reduced expression of miR-192-5p in inflamed intestinal tissues, correlating with impaired IEB function. Overexpression of miR-192-5p alleviated TNF-induced IEB dysfunction by targeting Rictor, resulting in enhanced autophagy flux in enterocytes (ECs). Moreover, the therapeutic potential of miR-192-5p was substantiated in colitis mice, wherein increased miR-192-5p expression ameliorated intestinal inflammatory injury by enhancing autophagy flux in ECs through the modulation of Rictor. Our study highlights the therapeutic potential of miR-192-5p in enteritis by demonstrating its role in regulating autophagy and preserving IEB function. Targeting the miR-192-5p/Rictor axis is a promising approach for mitigating gut inflammatory injury and improving barrier integrity in patients with enteritis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We uncover the pivotal role of miR-192-5p in fortifying intestinal barriers amidst inflammation. Reduced miR-192-5p levels correlated with compromised gut integrity during inflammation. Notably, boosting miR-192-5p reversed gut damage by enhancing autophagy via suppressing Rictor, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for fortifying the intestinal barrier and alleviating inflammation in patients with enteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishan Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Kezhi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Youwei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Shang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
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7
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Lu H, Suo Z, Lin J, Cong Y, Liu Z. Monocyte-macrophages modulate intestinal homeostasis in inflammatory bowel disease. Biomark Res 2024; 12:76. [PMID: 39095853 PMCID: PMC11295551 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocytes and macrophages play an indispensable role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and modulating mucosal immune responses in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although numerous studies have described macrophage properties in IBD, the underlying mechanisms whereby the monocyte-macrophage lineage modulates intestinal homeostasis during gut inflammation remain elusive. MAIN BODY In this review, we decipher the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the generation of intestinal mucosal macrophages and fill the knowledge gap in understanding the origin, maturation, classification, and functions of mucosal macrophages in intestinal niches, particularly the phagocytosis and bactericidal effects involved in the elimination of cell debris and pathogens. We delineate macrophage-mediated immunoregulation in the context of producing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, toxic mediators, and macrophage extracellular traps (METs), and participating in the modulation of epithelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis in the intestine and its accessory tissues. Moreover, we emphasize that the maturation of intestinal macrophages is arrested at immature stage during IBD, and the deficiency of MCPIP1 involves in the process via ATF3-AP1S2 signature. In addition, we confirmed the origin potential of IL-1B+ macrophages and defined C1QB+ macrophages as mature macrophages. The interaction crosstalk between the intestine and the mesentery has been described in this review, and the expression of mesentery-derived SAA2 is upregulated during IBD, which contributes to immunoregulation of macrophage. Moreover, we also highlight IBD-related susceptibility genes (e.g., RUNX3, IL21R, GTF2I, and LILRB3) associated with the maturation and functions of macrophage, which provide promising therapeutic opportunities for treating human IBD. CONCLUSION In summary, this review provides a comprehensive, comprehensive, in-depth and novel description of the characteristics and functions of macrophages in IBD, and highlights the important role of macrophages in the molecular and cellular process during IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475000, China
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research and Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhimin Suo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research and Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Human Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research and Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Śledzińska K, Kloska A, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J, Landowski P, Oppmann A, Wilczynski S, Zagierska A, Kamińska B, Żmijewski MA, Liberek A. The Role of Vitamin D and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in the Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children. Nutrients 2024; 16:2261. [PMID: 39064704 PMCID: PMC11279567 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unclear. Prior studies suggest genetic components that may influence the incidence and severity of the disease. Additionally, it was shown that low levels of serum vitamin D may have an impact on the clinical course of the disease due to its effect on the immunological system. Methods: We aimed to investigate the correlation between the incidence of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms (rs11568820, rs10735810, rs1544410, rs7975232, and rs731236, commonly described as Cdx2, FokI, Bsm, ApaI, and TaqI, respectively) and vitamin D concentration with the clinical course of IBD (disease activity, extent of the intestinal lesions). Data were obtained from 62 patients with IBD (34 with Crohn's disease, 28 with ulcerative colitis), aged 3-18 years, and compared with controls (N = 47), aged 8-18 years. Results: Although there was no difference in the incidence of individual genotypes between the study groups (IBD, C) in all the polymorphisms examined, we described a significant increase in the chance of developing IBD for heterozygotes of Cdx2 (OR: 2.3, 95% CI 0.88-6.18, p = 0.04) and BsmI (OR: 2.07, 95% CI 0.89-4.82, p = 0.048) polymorphisms. The mean serum 25OHD level in patients with IBD was significantly higher compared with the controls (19.87 ng/mL vs. 16.07 ng/mL; p = 0.03); however, it was still below optimal (>30 ng/mL). Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between vitamin D level and TaqI in patients with IBD (p = 0.025) and patients with CD (p = 0.03), as well as with the BsmI polymorphism in patients with IBD (p = 0.04) and patients with CD (p = 0.04). A significant correlation was described between the degree of disease activity and genotypes for the FokI polymorphism in patients with UC (p = 0.027) and between the category of endoscopic lesions and genotypes for the Cdx2 polymorphism also in patients with UC (p = 0.046). Conclusions: The results suggest a potential correlation of VDR gene polymorphism with the chance of developing IBD, and the clinical course of the disease requires further studies in larger group of patients. Vitamin D supplementation should be recommended in both children with inflammatory bowel disease and in healthy peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Śledzińska
- Department of Paediatrics, Haematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Kloska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (A.K.); (J.J.-B.)
| | | | - Piotr Landowski
- Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (P.L.); (A.Z.); (B.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Oppmann
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (A.O.); (S.W.)
| | - Stephen Wilczynski
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (A.O.); (S.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Zagierska
- Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (P.L.); (A.Z.); (B.K.)
| | - Barbara Kamińska
- Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (P.L.); (A.Z.); (B.K.)
| | - Michał A. Żmijewski
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (A.O.); (S.W.)
| | - Anna Liberek
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Adalbert Hospital, Copernicus PL Ltd., 80-462 Gdansk, Poland;
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Ramos A, Bizri N, Novak E, Mollen K, Khan S. The role of cGAS in epithelial dysregulation in inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal malignancies. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1409683. [PMID: 39050748 PMCID: PMC11266671 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1409683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is lined by an epithelial monolayer responsible for selective permeability and absorption, as well as protection against harmful luminal contents. Recognition of foreign or aberrant DNA within these epithelial cells is, in part, regulated by pattern recognition receptors such as cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). cGAS binds double-stranded DNA from exogenous and endogenous sources, resulting in the activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and a type 1 interferon response. cGAS is also implicated in non-canonical pathways involving the suppression of DNA repair and the upregulation of autophagy via interactions with PARP1 and Beclin-1, respectively. The importance of cGAS activation in the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal cancers has been and continues to be explored. This review delves into the intricacies of the complex role of cGAS in intestinal epithelial inflammation and gastrointestinal malignancies, as well as recent therapeutic advances targeting cGAS pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ramos
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nazih Bizri
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Novak
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kevin Mollen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sidrah Khan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Mignini I, Blasi V, Termite F, Esposto G, Borriello R, Laterza L, Scaldaferri F, Ainora ME, Gasbarrini A, Zocco MA. Fibrostenosing Crohn's Disease: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and New Therapeutic Horizons. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6326. [PMID: 38928032 PMCID: PMC11204249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bowel strictures are well recognized as one of the most severe complications in Crohn's disease, with variable impacts on the prognosis and often needing surgical or endoscopic treatment. Distinguishing inflammatory strictures from fibrotic ones is of primary importance due to the different therapeutic approaches required. Indeed, to better understand the pathogenesis of fibrosis, it is crucial to investigate molecular processes involving genetic factors, cytokines, alteration of the intestinal barrier, and epithelial and endothelial damage, leading to an increase in extracellular matrix synthesis, which ultimately ends in fibrosis. In such a complex mechanism, the gut microbiota also seems to play a role. A better comprehension of molecular processes underlying bowel fibrosis, in addition to radiological and histopathological findings, has led to the identification of high-risk patients for personalized follow-up and testing of new therapies, primarily in preclinical models, targeting specific pathways involving Transforming Growth Factor-β, interleukins, extracellular matrix balance, and gut microbiota. Our review aims to summarize current evidence about molecular factors involved in intestinal fibrosis' pathogenesis, paving the way for potential diagnostic biomarkers or anti-fibrotic treatments for stricturing Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Assunta Zocco
- CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (V.B.); (G.E.); (R.B.); (L.L.); (F.S.); (M.E.A.); (A.G.)
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11
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Tran N, Mills EL. Redox regulation of macrophages. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103123. [PMID: 38615489 PMCID: PMC11026845 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox signaling, a mode of signal transduction that involves the transfer of electrons from a nucleophilic to electrophilic molecule, has emerged as an essential regulator of inflammatory macrophages. Redox reactions are driven by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) and redox-sensitive metabolites such as fumarate and itaconate, which can post-translationally modify specific cysteine residues in target proteins. In the past decade our understanding of how ROS, RNS, and redox-sensitive metabolites control macrophage function has expanded dramatically. In this review, we discuss the latest evidence of how ROS, RNS, and metabolites regulate macrophage function and how this is dysregulated with disease. We highlight the key tools to assess redox signaling and important questions that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhien Tran
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evanna L Mills
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Shi L, Chen L, Gao X, Sun X, Jin G, Yang Y, Shao Y, Zhu F, Zhou G. Comparison of different sources of mesenchymal stem cells: focus on inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1721-1742. [PMID: 38615278 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) poses a significant challenge in modern medicine, with conventional treatments limited by efficacy and associated side effects, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have emerged as promising candidates for IBD treatment due to their immunomodulatory properties and regenerative potential. This thesis aims to explore and compare various sources of MSC and evaluate their efficacy in treating IBD. This study comprehensively analyses MSC derived from multiple sources, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and other potential reservoirs. Core elements of this investigation include assessing differences in cell acquisition, immunomodulatory effects, and differentiation capabilities among these MSC sources, as well as comparing their clinical trial outcomes in IBD patients to their therapeutic efficacy in animal models. Through meticulous evaluation and comparative analysis, this thesis aims to elucidate disparities in the efficacy of different MSC sources for IBD treatment, thereby identifying the most promising therapeutic applications. The findings of this study are intended to advance our understanding of MSC biology and offer valuable insights for selecting the most effective MSC sources for personalized IBD therapy. Ultimately, this research endeavor will optimise therapeutic strategies for managing inflammatory bowel disease through the utilization of MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Shi
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xizhuang Gao
- Clinical Medical College of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xufan Sun
- Clinical Medical College of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiyuan Jin
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Yang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Shao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Fengqin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxi Zhou
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Wang M, Wang Z, Li Z, Qu Y, Zhao J, Wang L, Zhou X, Xu Z, Zhang D, Jiang P, Fan B, Liu Y. Targeting programmed cell death in inflammatory bowel disease through natural products: New insights from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapies. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38706097 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disorder primarily characterized by intestinal inflammation and recurrent ulceration, leading to a compromised intestinal barrier and inflammatory infiltration. This disorder's pathogenesis is mainly attributed to extensive damage or death of intestinal epithelial cells, along with abnormal activation or impaired death regulation of immune cells and the release of various inflammatory factors, which contribute to the inflammatory environment in the intestines. Thus, maintaining intestinal homeostasis hinges on balancing the survival and functionality of various cell types. Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and neutrophil extracellular traps, are integral in the pathogenesis of IBD by mediating the death of intestinal epithelial and immune cells. Natural products derived from plants, fruits, and vegetables have shown potential in regulating PCD, offering preventive and therapeutic avenues for IBD. This article reviews the role of natural products in IBD treatment by focusing on targeting PCD pathways, opening new avenues for clinical IBD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Qu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiting Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinpeng Zhou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ziqi Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Di Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Fan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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14
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Vivacqua G, Mancinelli R, Leone S, Vaccaro R, Garro L, Carotti S, Ceci L, Onori P, Pannarale L, Franchitto A, Gaudio E, Casini A. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: A possible connection between intestinal inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14780. [PMID: 38462652 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different studies have shown the key role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders, as well as in neurodegenerative diseases. ER stress leads to the formation of misfolded proteins which affect the secretion of different cell types that are crucial for the intestinal homeostasis. PURPOSE In this review, we discuss the role of ER stress and its involvement in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases, chronic conditions that can cause severe damage of the gastrointestinal tract, focusing on the alteration of Paneth cells and goblet cells (the principal secretory phenotypes of the intestinal epithelial cells). ER stress is also discussed in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, in which protein misfolding represents the signature mechanism. ER stress in the bowel and consequent accumulation of misfolded proteins might represent a bridge between bowel inflammation and neurodegeneration along the gut-to-brain axis, affecting intestinal epithelial homeostasis and the equilibrium of the commensal microbiota. Targeting intestinal ER stress could foster future studies for designing new biomarkers and new therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Vivacqua
- Integrated Research Center (PRAAB), Campus Biomedico University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Leone
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Vaccaro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Garro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carotti
- Integrated Research Center (PRAAB), Campus Biomedico University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Pannarale
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Franchitto
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Casini
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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15
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Tang J, Fang D, Zhong J, Li M. Missing WD40 Repeats in ATG16L1 Delays Canonical Autophagy and Inhibits Noncanonical Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4493. [PMID: 38674078 PMCID: PMC11050548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Canonical autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that forms double-membrane structures and mediates the degradation of long-lived proteins (LLPs). Noncanonical autophagy (NCA) is an important alternative pathway involving the formation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-positive structures that are independent of partial core autophagy proteins. NCA has been defined by the conjugation of ATG8s to single membranes (CASM). During canonical autophagy and NCA/CASM, LC3 undergoes a lipidation modification, and ATG16L1 is a crucial protein in this process. Previous studies have reported that the WDR domain of ATG16L1 is not necessary for canonical autophagy. However, our study found that WDR domain deficiency significantly impaired LLP degradation in basal conditions and slowed down LC3-II accumulation in canonical autophagy. We further demonstrated that the observed effect was due to a reduced interaction between ATG16L1 and FIP200/WIPI2, without affecting lysosome function or fusion. Furthermore, we also found that the WDR domain of ATG16L1 is crucial for chemical-induced NCA/CASM. The results showed that removing the WDR domain or introducing the K490A mutation in ATG16L1 significantly inhibited the NCA/CASM, which interrupted the V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis. In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of the WDR domain of ATG16L1 for both canonical autophagy and NCA functions, improving our understanding of its role in autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuge Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongmei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jialing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
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16
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Schreiber F, Balas I, Robinson MJ, Bakdash G. Border Control: The Role of the Microbiome in Regulating Epithelial Barrier Function. Cells 2024; 13:477. [PMID: 38534321 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut mucosal epithelium is one of the largest organs in the body and plays a critical role in regulating the crosstalk between the resident microbiome and the host. To this effect, the tight control of what is permitted through this barrier is of high importance. There should be restricted passage of harmful microorganisms and antigens while at the same time allowing the absorption of nutrients and water. An increased gut permeability, or "leaky gut", has been associated with a variety of diseases ranging from infections, metabolic diseases, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases to neurological conditions. Several factors can affect gut permeability, including cytokines, dietary components, and the gut microbiome. Here, we discuss how the gut microbiome impacts the permeability of the gut epithelial barrier and how this can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes.
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17
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Eguchi T, Sakurai M, Wang Y, Saito C, Yoshii G, Wileman T, Mizushima N, Kuwahara T, Iwatsubo T. The V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis recruits LRRK2 to facilitate the lysosomal stress response. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202302067. [PMID: 38227290 PMCID: PMC10791558 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202302067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a Rab kinase associated with Parkinson's disease and several inflammatory diseases, has been shown to localize to stressed lysosomes and get activated to regulate lysosomal homeostasis. However, the mechanisms of LRRK2 recruitment and activation have not been well understood. Here, we found that the ATG8 conjugation system regulates the recruitment of LRRK2 as well as LC3 onto single membranes of stressed lysosomes/phagosomes. This recruitment did not require FIP200-containing autophagy initiation complex, nor did it occur on double-membrane autophagosomes, suggesting independence from canonical autophagy. Consistently, LRRK2 recruitment was regulated by the V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis, which requires the WD40 domain of ATG16L1 and specifically mediates ATG8 lipidation on single membranes. This mechanism was also responsible for the lysosomal stress-induced activation of LRRK2 and the resultant regulation of lysosomal secretion and enlargement. These results indicate that the V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis serves a novel non-autophagic role in the maintenance of lysosomal homeostasis by recruiting LRRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Eguchi
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Sakurai
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yingxue Wang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Chieko Saito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Yoshii
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Wileman
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kuwahara
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Wu Q, Ouyang Y. Association of ATG16L1 and ATG5 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to hepatitis B virus infection and progression to HCC in central China. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:47-55. [PMID: 37991129 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a severe public health problem worldwide. The relationship between polymorphisms of autophagy-related 16-like 1 gene (ATG16L1) and autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) with susceptibility to the stage of HBV infection has been reported in different populations. Nevertheless, this association is not seen in the population of central China. This study recruited 452 participants, including 246 HBV-infected patients (139 chronically infected HBV without hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] and 107 HBV-related HCC patients) and 206 healthy controls. Genotyping of ATG16L1 rs2241880 and ATG5 rs688810 were performed using Sanger sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, respectively. Our results indicated that the G allele of ATG16L1 rs2241880 was more frequent in healthy controls than in patients with chronicHBV infection. After adjusting for age and sex, an association between the ATG16L1 rs2241880 polymorphism and HBV infection was significant under the dominant and allele models (p = 0.009 and 0.003, respectively). However, no association between the ATG5 polymorphisms and HBV infection was observed. We also did not find a significant association between ATG16L1 and ATG5 polymorphisms and the progression of HBV-related HCC. Therefore, the genetic polymorphism of ATG16L1 rs2241880 may be associated with susceptibility to HBV infection in the population of central China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yaoling Ouyang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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19
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Simovic I, Hilmi I, Ng RT, Chew KS, Wong SY, Lee WS, Riordan S, Castaño-Rodríguez N. ATG16L1 rs2241880/T300A increases susceptibility to perianal Crohn's disease: An updated meta-analysis on inflammatory bowel disease risk and clinical outcomes. United European Gastroenterol J 2024; 12:103-121. [PMID: 37837511 PMCID: PMC10859713 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATG16L1 plays a fundamental role in the degradative intracellular pathway known as autophagy, being a mediator of inflammation and microbial homeostasis. The variant rs2241880 can diminish these capabilities, potentially contributing to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES To perform an updated meta-analysis on the association between ATG16L1 rs2241880 and IBD susceptibility by exploring the impact of age, ethnicity, and geography. Moreover, to investigate the association between rs2241880 and clinical features. METHODS Literature searches up until September 2022 across 7 electronic public databases were performed for all case-control studies on ATG16L1 rs2241880 and IBD. Pooled odds ratios (ORP ) and 95% CI were calculated under the random effects model. RESULTS Our analyses included a total of 30,606 IBD patients, comprising 21,270 Crohn's disease (CD) and 9336 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and 33,329 controls. ATG16L1 rs2241880 was significantly associated with CD susceptibility, where the A allele was protective (ORP : 0.74, 95% CI: 0.72-0.77, p-value: <0.001), while the G allele was a risk factor (ORP : 1.23, 95% CI: 1.09-1.39, p-value: 0.001), depending on the minor allele frequencies observed in this multi-ancestry study sample. rs2241880 was predominantly relevant in Caucasians from North America and Europe, and in Latin American populations. Importantly, CD patients harbouring the G allele were significantly more predisposed to perianal disease (ORP : 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07-1.38, p-value: 0.003). CONCLUSIONS ATG16L1 rs2241880 (G allele) is a consistent risk factor for IBD in Caucasian cohorts and influences clinical outcomes. As its role in non-Caucasian populations remains ambiguous, further studies in under-reported populations are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidora Simovic
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ida Hilmi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruey Terng Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kee Seang Chew
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shin Yee Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Way Seah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Stephen Riordan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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20
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Caparrós E, García-Martinez I, Pedro Zapater, Lucía Madero, Valverde ÁM, Ana Gutiérrez, Francés R. An altered expression of miR-376a-3p and miR-20a-5p in peripheral blood exosomes regulates the autophagy and inflammatory systemic substrates, and relates to the smoking habit and age in Crohn's disease. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23418. [PMID: 38226870 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301761r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
miRNAs are short single-stranded noncoding RNAs that participate as epigenetic regulators in inflammatory bowel disease. Most miRNAs detectable in serum are concentrated in exosomes, with relevant cargo for immunobiological processes. We set to evaluate the exosomes miRNAs content in the serum of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and run a prospective observational study on CD patients on biological monotherapy and healthy controls. miRNA cargo was evaluated in peripheral blood-derived exosomes. Serum autophagy and inflammatory substrates were measured. Patients were followed for 6 months. Patients (n = 28) showed an overexpression of miR-376a-3p and a downregulation of miR-20a-5p compared to controls (n = 10), without significant differences between patients according to biologics. Serum autophagy substrates ATG4C (r = .57; p = .001) and ACRV1C (r = .66; p = .001) inversely correlated with miR-376a-3p expression, whereas IGF1R correlated with miR-20a-5p expression (r = .42; p = .02). Th1-related cytokines correlated with miR-376a-3p expression, whereas the Th17-associated cytokines inversely correlated with miR-20a-5p expression. Smoking (β = -2.301 CI 95% -3.790/-0.811, p = .004) remained as independent factor related to the overexpression of miR-376a-3p, whereas diagnosis before 16 years of age (β = 2.044 CI 95% 0.934/3.154, p = .001) and a younger age of patients (β = -.720 CI 95% -0.108/-0.035, p = .001) were related to decreased miR-20a-5p expression. Seven patients (25%) had a flare in the 6-month follow-up. Patients with overexpression of miR-376a-3p at the baseline showed an increased risk of flare during this period (OR 0.475 [0.237-0.950], p = .035). Finally, a comparative miRNA signature between biologic monotherapies was also explored. Targeting miR-376a-3p and miR-20a-5p epigenetic regulators may yield homeostatic effects on relevant biological processes related to disease progression in CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Caparrós
- Hepatic and Intestinal Immunobiology Group, Dpto. Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
- IIS ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
| | - Irma García-Martinez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERdem, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Zapater
- Hepatic and Intestinal Immunobiology Group, Dpto. Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
- IIS ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto IDIBE, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Lucía Madero
- IIS ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
- Servicio Medicina Digestiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERdem, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Hepatic and Intestinal Immunobiology Group, Dpto. Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
- IIS ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio Medicina Digestiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rubén Francés
- Hepatic and Intestinal Immunobiology Group, Dpto. Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
- IIS ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto IDIBE, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
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21
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Mukherjee T, Kumar N, Chawla M, Philpott DJ, Basak S. The NF-κB signaling system in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadh1641. [PMID: 38194476 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adh1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic, chronic condition characterized by episodes of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) system describes a family of dimeric transcription factors. Canonical NF-κB signaling is stimulated by and enhances inflammation, whereas noncanonical NF-κB signaling contributes to immune organogenesis. Dysregulation of NF-κB factors drives various inflammatory pathologies, including IBD. Signals from many immune sensors activate NF-κB subunits in the intestine, which maintain an equilibrium between local microbiota and host responses. Genetic association studies of patients with IBD and preclinical mouse models confirm the importance of the NF-κB system in host defense in the gut. Other studies have investigated the roles of these factors in intestinal barrier function and in inflammatory gut pathologies associated with IBD. NF-κB signaling modulates innate and adaptive immune responses and the production of immunoregulatory proteins, anti-inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, and other tolerogenic factors in the intestine. Furthermore, genetic studies have revealed critical cell type-specific roles for NF-κB proteins in intestinal immune homeostasis, inflammation, and restitution that contribute to the etiopathology of IBD-associated manifestations. Here, we summarize our knowledge of the roles of these NF-κB pathways, which are activated in different intestinal cell types by specific ligands, and their cross-talk, in fueling aberrant intestinal inflammation. We argue that an in-depth understanding of aberrant immune signaling mechanisms may hold the key to identifying predictive or prognostic biomarkers and developing better therapeutics against inflammatory gut pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Mukherjee
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Meenakshi Chawla
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Soumen Basak
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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22
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Esmaealzadeh N, Ram M, Abdolghaffari A, Marques AM, Bahramsoltani R. Toll-like receptors in inflammatory bowel disease: A review of the role of phytochemicals. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155178. [PMID: 38007993 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract with a remarkable impact on patients' quality of life. Toll-like receptors (TLR), as a key contributor of immune system in inflammation, has a critical role in the pathogenesis of IBD and thus, can be a suitable target of therapeutic agents. Medicinal plants have long been considered as a source of bioactive agents for different diseases, including IBD. PURPOSE This review discusses current state of the art on the role of plant-derived compounds for the management of IBD with a focus on TLRs. METHODS Electronic database including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched up to January 2023 and all studies in which anticolitis effects of a phytochemical was assessed via modulation of TLRs were considered. RESULTS Different categories of phytochemicals, including flavonoids, lignans, alkaloids, terpenes, saccharides, and saponins have demonstrated modulatory effects on TLR in different animal and cell models of bowel inflammation. Flavonoids were the most studied phytochemicals amongst others. Also, TLR4 was the most important type of TLRs which were modulated by phytochemicals. Other mechanisms such as inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor-κB pathway, nitric oxide synthesis pathway, cyclooxygenase-2, lipid peroxidation, as well as induction of endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms were also reported for phytochemicals in various IBD models. CONCLUSION Taken together, a growing body of pre-clinical evidence support the efficacy of herbal compounds for the treatment of IBD via modulation of TLRs. Future clinical studies are recommended to assess the safety and efficacy of these compounds in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niusha Esmaealzadeh
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobe Ram
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - André Mesquita Marques
- Department of Natural Products, Institute of Drug Technology (Farmanguinhos), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Martín-Reyes F, Bernal M, Rodríguez-Díaz C, Rodríguez-de los Reyes D, Ho-Plagaro A, Rodríguez-Pacheco F, Camacho-Martel L, Camargo-Camero R, Rodríguez-González FJ, Alcain-Martínez G, Martín-Masot R, Navas-López VM, Villanueva-Paz M, Lucena MI, García-Fuentes E, López-Gómez C. Mitochondrial Stress Links Environmental Triggers with Pro-Inflammatory Signaling in Crohn's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2105. [PMID: 38136224 PMCID: PMC10741078 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic, inflammatory disorders of the gut. The incidence and activity of IBD are determined by both genetic and environmental factors. Among these factors, polymorphisms in genes related to autophagy and the consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been consistently associated with IBD. We show that NSAIDs induce mitochondrial stress and mitophagy in intestinal epithelial cells. In an altered mitophagy context simulating that observed in IBD patients, NSAID-induced mitochondrial stress leads to the release of mitochondrial components, which act as Danger Associated Molecular Patterns with pro-inflammatory potential. Furthermore, colonic organoids from Crohn's disease patients and healthy donors show activation of the mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (UPRmt) upon treatment with ibuprofen. Finally, colon biopsies from Crohn's disease patients in remission or with low-to-moderate activity also show expression of genes involved in UPRmt, while patients with severe activity show no increase compared to healthy donors. Our results suggest the involvement of mitochondria in the mechanisms triggering inflammation in IBD after NSAID use. Moreover, our results highlight the clinical relevance of mitochondrial stress and activation of the UPRmt pathway in the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flores Martín-Reyes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Bernal
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Damaris Rodríguez-de los Reyes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Ailec Ho-Plagaro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Rodríguez-Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Laura Camacho-Martel
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Camargo-Camero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Rodríguez-González
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Alcain-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Rafael Martín-Masot
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Infantil, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Víctor M. Navas-López
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Infantil, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - María Isabel Lucena
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- UICEC IBIMA, Plataforma SCReN (Spanish Clinical Research Network), Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
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Taraborrelli L, Şenbabaoğlu Y, Wang L, Lim J, Blake K, Kljavin N, Gierke S, Scherl A, Ziai J, McNamara E, Owyong M, Rao S, Calviello AK, Oreper D, Jhunjhunwala S, Argiles G, Bendell J, Kim TW, Ciardiello F, Wongchenko MJ, de Sauvage FJ, de Sousa E Melo F, Yan Y, West NR, Murthy A. Tumor-intrinsic expression of the autophagy gene Atg16l1 suppresses anti-tumor immunity in colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5945. [PMID: 37741832 PMCID: PMC10517947 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer (MSS-CRC) is highly refractory to immunotherapy. Understanding tumor-intrinsic determinants of immunotherapy resistance is critical to improve MSS-CRC patient outcomes. Here, we demonstrate that high tumor expression of the core autophagy gene ATG16L1 is associated with poor clinical response to anti-PD-L1 therapy in KRAS-mutant tumors from IMblaze370 (NCT02788279), a large phase III clinical trial of atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) in advanced metastatic MSS-CRC. Deletion of Atg16l1 in engineered murine colon cancer organoids inhibits tumor growth in primary (colon) and metastatic (liver and lung) niches in syngeneic female hosts, primarily due to increased sensitivity to IFN-γ-mediated immune pressure. ATG16L1 deficiency enhances programmed cell death of colon cancer organoids induced by IFN-γ and TNF, thus increasing their sensitivity to host immunity. In parallel, ATG16L1 deficiency reduces tumor stem-like populations in vivo independently of adaptive immune pressure. This work reveals autophagy as a clinically relevant mechanism of immune evasion and tumor fitness in MSS-CRC and provides a rationale for autophagy inhibition to boost immunotherapy responses in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Taraborrelli
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Yasin Şenbabaoğlu
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Lifen Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Junghyun Lim
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Kerrigan Blake
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Noelyn Kljavin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Sarah Gierke
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Alexis Scherl
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - James Ziai
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Erin McNamara
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Mark Owyong
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Shilpa Rao
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Daniel Oreper
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Suchit Jhunjhunwala
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Guillem Argiles
- Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johanna Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tae Won Kim
- Department of Oncology, Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Yibing Yan
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nathaniel R West
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA.
| | - Aditya Murthy
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA.
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, USA.
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Yang Y, Wang L, Peugnet-González I, Parada-Venegas D, Dijkstra G, Faber KN. cGAS-STING signaling pathway in intestinal homeostasis and diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239142. [PMID: 37781354 PMCID: PMC10538549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is constantly exposed to commensal microbes, opportunistic pathogens, toxins, luminal components and other environmental stimuli. The intestinal mucosa consists of multiple differentiated cellular and extracellular components that form a critical barrier, but is also equipped for efficient absorption of nutrients. Combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are known as critical components involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases. The innate immune system plays a critical role in the recognition and elimination of potential threats by detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). This host defense is facilitated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), in which the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway has gained attention due to its role in sensing host and foreign double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) as well as cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) produced by bacteria. Upon binding with dsDNA, cGAS converts ATP and GTP to cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which binds to STING and activates TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), inducing type I interferon (IFN) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines, which have diverse effects on innate and adaptive immune cells and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). However, opposite perspectives exist regarding the role of the cGAS-STING pathway in different intestinal diseases. Activation of cGAS-STING signaling is associated with worse clinical outcomes in inflammation-associated diseases, while it also plays a critical role in protection against tumorigenesis and certain infections. Therefore, understanding the context-dependent mechanisms of the cGAS-STING pathway in the physiopathology of the intestinal mucosa is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies targeting the cGAS-STING pathway. This review aims to provide insight into recent findings of the protective and detrimental roles of the cGAS-STING pathway in intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ivonne Peugnet-González
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Daniela Parada-Venegas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Haworth CMA, Wootton RE. Extensions of the causal framework to Mendelian randomisation and gene-environment interaction. Behav Brain Sci 2023; 46:e192. [PMID: 37694938 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x22002205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
In our commentary we ask whether we should ultimately endeavour to find the deep causes of behaviours? Then we discuss two extensions of the proposed framework: (1) Mendelian randomisation and (2) hypothesis-free gene-environment interaction (leveraging heterogeneity in genetic associations). These complementary methods help move us towards second-generation causal knowledge, ultimately understanding mechanistic pathways and identifying more effective intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M A Haworth
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ://www.bristol.ac.uk/people/person/Claire-Haworth-04ed5882-f1f6-4fb5-8960-5581b0cc8bc4/
| | - Robyn E Wootton
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ://www.bristol.ac.uk/people/person/Claire-Haworth-04ed5882-f1f6-4fb5-8960-5581b0cc8bc4/
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway https://app.cristin.no/persons/show.jsf?id=1265206
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Zhou Z, Liang S, Zhou Z, Liu J, Meng X, Liu L, Zou F, Yu C, Cai S. House dust mite disrupts the airway epithelial barrier by affecting the expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin through inducing Atg5. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2128-2130. [PMID: 37469013 PMCID: PMC10476836 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Shixiu Liang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Zili Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jieyi Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Laiyu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Changhui Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Shaoxi Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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Albano GD, Montalbano AM, Gagliardo R, Profita M. Autophagy/Mitophagy in Airway Diseases: Impact of Oxidative Stress on Epithelial Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1217. [PMID: 37627282 PMCID: PMC10452925 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the key process by which the cell degrades parts of itself within the lysosomes. It maintains cell survival and homeostasis by removing molecules (particularly proteins), subcellular organelles, damaged cytoplasmic macromolecules, and by recycling the degradation products. The selective removal or degradation of mitochondria is a particular type of autophagy called mitophagy. Various forms of cellular stress (oxidative stress (OS), hypoxia, pathogen infections) affect autophagy by inducing free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation to promote the antioxidant response. Dysfunctional mechanisms of autophagy have been found in different respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and asthma, involving epithelial cells. Several existing clinically approved drugs may modulate autophagy to varying extents. However, these drugs are nonspecific and not currently utilized to manipulate autophagy in airway diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of different autophagic pathways with particular attention on the dysfunctional mechanisms of autophagy in the epithelial cells during asthma and COPD. Our aim is to further deepen and disclose the research in this direction to stimulate the develop of new and selective drugs to regulate autophagy for asthma and COPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Daniela Albano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Section of Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.M.); (R.G.); (M.P.)
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29
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Gao Y, Wang Y, Chauss D, Villarino AV, Link VM, Nagashima H, Spinner CA, Koparde VN, Bouladoux N, Abers MS, Break TJ, Chopp LB, Park JH, Zhu J, Wiest DL, Leonard WJ, Lionakis MS, O'Shea JJ, Afzali B, Belkaid Y, Lazarevic V. Transcription factor EGR2 controls homing and pathogenicity of T H17 cells in the central nervous system. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1331-1344. [PMID: 37443284 PMCID: PMC10500342 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T helper 17 (TH17) cells protect barrier tissues but also trigger autoimmunity. The mechanisms behind these opposing processes remain unclear. Here, we found that the transcription factor EGR2 controlled the transcriptional program of pathogenic TH17 cells in the central nervous system (CNS) but not that of protective TH17 cells at barrier sites. EGR2 was significantly elevated in myelin-reactive CD4+ T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis and mice with autoimmune neuroinflammation. The EGR2 transcriptional program was intricately woven within the TH17 cell transcriptional regulatory network and showed high interconnectivity with core TH17 cell-specific transcription factors. Mechanistically, EGR2 enhanced TH17 cell differentiation and myeloid cell recruitment to the CNS by upregulating pathogenesis-associated genes and myelomonocytic chemokines. T cell-specific deletion of Egr2 attenuated neuroinflammation without compromising the host's ability to control infections. Our study shows that EGR2 regulates tissue-specific and disease-specific functions in pathogenic TH17 cells in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Gao
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Chauss
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alejandro V Villarino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Verena M Link
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Nagashima
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Camille A Spinner
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vishal N Koparde
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Sciences, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Bouladoux
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael S Abers
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy J Break
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura B Chopp
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David L Wiest
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John J O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vanja Lazarevic
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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30
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Gan T, Qu S, Zhang H, Zhou X. Modulation of the immunity and inflammation by autophagy. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e311. [PMID: 37405276 PMCID: PMC10315166 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a highly conserved cellular self-degradation pathway, has emerged with novel roles in the realms of immunity and inflammation. Genome-wide association studies have unveiled a correlation between genetic variations in autophagy-related genes and heightened susceptibility to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Subsequently, substantial progress has been made in unraveling the intricate involvement of autophagy in immunity and inflammation through functional studies. The autophagy pathway plays a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immunity, encompassing various key functions such as pathogen clearance, antigen processing and presentation, cytokine production, and lymphocyte differentiation and survival. Recent research has identified novel approaches in which the autophagy pathway and its associated proteins modulate the immune response, including noncanonical autophagy. This review provides an overview of the latest advancements in understanding the regulation of immunity and inflammation through autophagy. It summarizes the genetic associations between variants in autophagy-related genes and a range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, while also examining studies utilizing transgenic animal models to uncover the in vivo functions of autophagy. Furthermore, the review delves into the mechanisms by which autophagy dysregulation contributes to the development of three common autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and highlights the potential for autophagy-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gan
- Renal DivisionPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Peking University Institute of NephrologyBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Renal DiseaseMinistry of Health of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University)Ministry of EducationBeijingChina
| | - Shu Qu
- Renal DivisionPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Peking University Institute of NephrologyBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Renal DiseaseMinistry of Health of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University)Ministry of EducationBeijingChina
| | - Hong Zhang
- Renal DivisionPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Peking University Institute of NephrologyBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Renal DiseaseMinistry of Health of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University)Ministry of EducationBeijingChina
| | - Xu‐jie Zhou
- Renal DivisionPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Peking University Institute of NephrologyBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Renal DiseaseMinistry of Health of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University)Ministry of EducationBeijingChina
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31
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Hu C, Liao S, Lv L, Li C, Mei Z. Intestinal Immune Imbalance is an Alarm in the Development of IBD. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:1073984. [PMID: 37554552 PMCID: PMC10406561 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1073984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune regulation plays a crucial role in human health and disease. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapse bowel disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. Clinical treatments for IBD are limited and inefficient. However, the pathogenesis of immune-mediated IBD remains unclear. This review describes the activation of innate and adaptive immune functions by intestinal immune cells to regulate intestinal immune balance and maintain intestinal mucosal integrity. Changes in susceptible genes, autophagy, energy metabolism, and other factors interact in a complex manner with the immune system, eventually leading to intestinal immune imbalance and the onset of IBD. These events indicate that intestinal immune imbalance is an alarm for IBD development, further opening new possibilities for the unprecedented development of immunotherapy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Shengtao Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Chuanfei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zhechuan Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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32
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Ahmad R, Kumar B, Tamang RL, Talmon GA, Dhawan P, Singh AB. P62/SQSTM1 binds with claudin-2 to target for selective autophagy in stressed intestinal epithelium. Commun Biol 2023; 6:740. [PMID: 37460613 PMCID: PMC10352296 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired autophagy promotes Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Claudin-2 is upregulated in IBD however its role in the pathobiology remains uncertain due to its complex regulation, including by autophagy. Irrespective, claudin-2 expression protects mice from DSS colitis. This study was undertaken to examine if an interplay between autophagy and claudin-2 protects from colitis and associated epithelial injury. Crypt culture and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are subjected to stress, including starvation or DSS, the chemical that induces colitis in-vivo. Autophagy flux, cell survival, co-immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay, and gene mutational studies are performed. These studies reveal that under colitis/stress conditions, claudin-2 undergoes polyubiquitination and P62/SQSTM1-assisted degradation through autophagy. Inhibiting autophagy-mediated claudin-2 degradation promotes cell death and thus suggest that claudin-2 degradation promotes autophagy flux to promote cell survival. Overall, these data inform for the previously undescribed role for claudin-2 in facilitating IECs survival under stress conditions, which can be harnessed for therapeutic advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Balawant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Raju Lama Tamang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amar B Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA.
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33
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Iyer K, Erkert L, Becker C. Know your neighbors: microbial recognition at the intestinal barrier and its implications for gut homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1228283. [PMID: 37519301 PMCID: PMC10375050 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1228283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) perform several physiological and metabolic functions at the epithelial barrier. IECs also play an important role in defining the overall immune functions at the mucosal region. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on the cell surface and in other cellular compartments enable them to sense the presence of microbes and microbial products in the intestinal lumen. IECs are thus at the crossroads of mediating a bidirectional interaction between the microbial population and the immune cells present at the intestinal mucosa. This communication between the microbial population, the IECs and the underlying immune cells has a profound impact on the overall health of the host. In this review, we focus on the various PRRs present in different cellular compartments of IECs and discuss the recent developments in the understanding of their role in microbial recognition. Microbial recognition and signaling at the epithelial barrier have implications in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, epithelial barrier function, maintenance of commensals, and the overall tolerogenic function of PRRs in the gut mucosa. We also highlight the role of an aberrant microbial sensing at the epithelial barrier in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the development of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Iyer
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lena Erkert
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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34
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Andersen V, Bennike TB, Bang C, Rioux JD, Hébert-Milette I, Sato T, Hansen AK, Nielsen OH. Investigating the Crime Scene-Molecular Signatures in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11217. [PMID: 37446397 PMCID: PMC10342864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are without cure and troublesome to manage because of the considerable diversity between patients and the lack of reliable biomarkers. Several studies have demonstrated that diet, gut microbiota, genetics and other patient factors are essential for disease occurrence and progression. Understanding the link between these factors is crucial for identifying molecular signatures that identify biomarkers to advance the management of IBD. Recent technological breakthroughs and data integration have fuelled the intensity of this research. This research demonstrates that the effect of diet depends on patient factors and gut microbial activity. It also identifies a range of potential biomarkers for IBD management, including mucosa-derived cytokines, gasdermins and neutrophil extracellular traps, all of which need further evaluation before clinical translation. This review provides an update on cutting-edge research in IBD that aims to improve disease management and patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Andersen
- Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research Unit, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Institute of Regional Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Tue B. Bennike
- Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research Unit, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Institute of Regional Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht’s University, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - John D. Rioux
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; (J.D.R.); (I.H.-M.)
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Isabelle Hébert-Milette
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; (J.D.R.); (I.H.-M.)
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
| | - Axel K. Hansen
- Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - Ole H. Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
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35
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Xu M, Ling F, Li J, Chen Y, Li S, Cheng Y, Zhu L. Oat beta-glucan reduces colitis by promoting autophagy flux in intestinal epithelial cells via EPHB6-TFEB axis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1189229. [PMID: 37441529 PMCID: PMC10333523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1189229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, mainly including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Epidemiological findings suggest that inadequate dietary fibers intake may be a risk factor for IBD. Oat beta-glucan is a type of fermentable dietary fiber and has been proved to reduce experimental colitis. However, the mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role and possible mechanism of oat beta-glucan in reducing experimental colitis. We used a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice acute colitis model to explore the potential mechanism of oat beta-glucan in reducing experimental colitis. As a result, oat beta-glucan upregulated the expressions of Erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte receptor B6 (EPHB6) and transcription factor EB (TFEB), promoted autophagy flux and downregulated the expressions of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The role of the EPHB6-TFEB axis was explored using a lipopolysaccharide-induced HT-29 cells inflammation model. The results revealed that EPHB6 regulated the expression of TFEB, and knockdown of EPHB6 decreased the protein level of TFEB. When EPHB6 or TFEB was knocked down, autophagy flux was inhibited, and the anti-inflammatory effect of sodium butyrate, a main metabolite of oat beta-glucan in the gut, was blocked. In summary, our findings demonstrated that oat beta-glucan reduced DSS-induced acute colitis in mice, promoted autophagy flux via EPHB6-TFEB axis and downregulated the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in IECs, and this effect may be mediated by butyrate.
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Macias-Ceja DC, Barrachina MD, Ortiz-Masià D. Autophagy in intestinal fibrosis: relevance in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1170436. [PMID: 37397491 PMCID: PMC10307973 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1170436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is often associated with fibrotic disorders in which an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix is a hallmark. Long-term fibrosis starts with tissue hypofunction and finally ends in organ failure. Intestinal fibrosis is not an exception, and it is a frequent complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several studies have confirmed the link between deregulated autophagy and fibrosis and the presence of common prognostic markers; indeed, both up- and downregulation of autophagy are presumed to be implicated in the progression of fibrosis. A better knowledge of the role of autophagy in fibrosis may lead to it becoming a potential target of antifibrotic therapy. In this review we explore novel advances in the field that highlight the relevance of autophagy in fibrosis, and give special focus to fibrosis in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce C. Macias-Ceja
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María D. Barrachina
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masià
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Mycobacteria are responsible for several human and animal diseases. NOD2 is a pattern recognition receptor that has an important role in mycobacterial recognition. However, the mechanisms by which mutations in NOD2 alter the course of mycobacterial infection remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to review the totality of studies directly addressing the relationship between NOD2 and mycobacteria as a foundation for moving the field forward. NOD2 was linked to mycobacterial infection at 3 levels: (1) genetic, through association with mycobacterial diseases of humans; (2) chemical, through the distinct NOD2 ligand in the mycobacterial cell wall; and (3) immunologic, through heightened NOD2 signaling caused by the unique modification of the NOD2 ligand. The immune response to mycobacteria is shaped by NOD2 signaling, responsible for NF-κB and MAPK activation, and the production of various immune effectors like cytokines and nitric oxide, with some evidence linking this to bacteriologic control. Absence of NOD2 during mycobacterial infection of mice can be detrimental, but the mechanism remains unknown. Conversely, the success of immunization with mycobacteria has been linked to NOD2 signaling and NOD2 has been targeted as an avenue of immunotherapy for diseases even beyond mycobacteria. The mycobacteria-NOD2 interaction remains an important area of study, which may shed light on immune mechanisms in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Dubé
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marcel A. Behr
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
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38
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Tran S, Juliani J, Fairlie WD, Lee EF. The emerging roles of autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells and its links to inflammatory bowel disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:811-826. [PMID: 37052218 PMCID: PMC10212545 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Landmark genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified that mutations in autophagy genes correlated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a heterogenous disease characterised by prolonged inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, that can reduce a person's quality of life. Autophagy, the delivery of intracellular components to the lysosome for degradation, is a critical cellular housekeeping process that removes damaged proteins and turns over organelles, recycling their amino acids and other constituents to supply cells with energy and necessary building blocks. This occurs under both basal and challenging conditions such as nutrient deprivation. An understanding of the relationship between autophagy, intestinal health and IBD aetiology has improved over time, with autophagy having a verified role in the intestinal epithelium and immune cells. Here, we discuss research that has led to an understanding that autophagy genes, including ATG16L, ATG5, ATG7, IRGM, and Class III PI3K complex members, contribute to innate immune defence in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) via selective autophagy of bacteria (xenophagy), how autophagy contributes to the regulation of the intestinal barrier via cell junctional proteins, and the critical role of autophagy genes in intestinal epithelial secretory subpopulations, namely Paneth and goblet cells. We also discuss how intestinal stem cells can utilise autophagy. Importantly, mouse studies have provided evidence that autophagy deregulation has serious physiological consequences including IEC death and intestinal inflammation. Thus, autophagy is now established as a key regulator of intestinal homeostasis. Further research into how its cytoprotective mechanisms can prevent intestinal inflammation may provide insights into the effective management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Tran
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Juliani Juliani
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - W. Douglas Fairlie
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Erinna F. Lee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
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39
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Shi W, Peng K, Yu H, Wang Z, Xia S, Xiao S, Tian D, Vallance BA, Yu Q. Autotaxin (ATX) inhibits autophagy leading to exaggerated disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier in colitis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166647. [PMID: 36746254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated disease. Autotaxin (ATX) is associated with increased inflammatory molecules, however, its effect on IBD is not well understood. Autophagy plays an important role in IBD, whether ATX and autophagy act in concert in IBD remains unknown. This study is to explore the possible mechanisms of ATX affecting autophagy leading to the disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier, thereby exacerbating colitis. The expression of ATX was upregulated in UC patients and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Here, we described that providing an ATX inhibitor during DSS colitis increased autophagy and ameliorated colonic inflammation. Conversely, intrarectal administration with recombinant (r)ATX increased colitis and decreased autophagy. This pro-colitic effect was attenuated in mice treated with rapamycin, resulting in increased autophagy activity and mild colitis. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of rATX on autophagy was confirmed in vitro and was reversed by the addition of rapamycin. The damaging effects of ATX on epithelial barrier function were reversed by ATX inhibitor or rapamycin treatment. In sum, our results show that ATX can inhibit autophagy through the mTOR pathway, resulting in exaggerated damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier during colitis. These findings suggest that ATX may be a key pro-colitic factor, and represent a potential therapeutic target for treating IBD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kaixin Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongbing Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shuhong Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Siqi Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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40
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Boccuto L, Tack J, Ianiro G, Abenavoli L, Scarpellini E. Human Genes Involved in the Interaction between Host and Gut Microbiome: Regulation and Pathogenic Mechanisms. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040857. [PMID: 37107615 PMCID: PMC10137629 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The umbrella term “human gut microbiota” describes the complex ecosystem harboring our gut. It includes bacteria, viruses, protozoa, archaea, fungi, and yeasts. This taxonomic classification does not describe its functions, which encompass nutrients digestion and absorption, immune system regulation, and host metabolism. “Gut microbiome” indicates instead the genome belonging to these “microbes” actively involved in these functions. However, the interaction between the host genome and the microbial ones determines the fine functioning of our organism. Methods: We reviewed the data available in the scientific literature on the definition of gut microbiota, gut microbiome, and the data on human genes involved in the interaction with the latter. We consulted the main medical databases using the following keywords, acronyms, and their associations: gut microbiota, gut microbiome, human genes, immune function, and metabolism. Results: Candidate human genes encoding enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, and proteins show similarity with those included in the gut microbiome. These findings have become available through newer artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms allowing big data analysis. From an evolutionary point of view, these pieces of evidence explain the strict and sophisticated interaction at the basis of human metabolism and immunity regulation in humans. They unravel more and more physiopathologic pathways included in human health and disease. Discussion: Several lines of evidence also obtained through big data analysis support the bi-directional role of gut microbiome and human genome in host metabolism and immune system regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Boccuto
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, Clemson University, Clemson University School of Health Research, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (T.A.R.G.I.D.), Gasthuisberg University Hospital, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Lueven, Belgium
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emidio Scarpellini
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (T.A.R.G.I.D.), Gasthuisberg University Hospital, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Lueven, Belgium
- Clinical Nutrition and Hepatology Unit, San Benedetto del Tronto General Hospital, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy
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41
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Nemati S, Mohammad Rahimi H, Meyfour A, Pazoki H, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Shahrokh S, Mirjalali H. Evaluation of the mTORC activity in the presence of Toxoplasma gondii and azathioprine in human monocyte cell line. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:77. [PMID: 36941573 PMCID: PMC10029279 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is an important part of pathogenesis of IBD. Thiopurines such as azathioprine (AZA) are approved drugs for clinical practices in IBD patients. Besides, as an escape strategy, Toxoplasma gondii can use the mTORC1 complex to inactivate autophagy. METHODS In this study, we investigated whether T. gondii tachyzoites may modulate autophagy and interfere the effects of azathioprine in IBD treatment. PMA-activated human monocyte cell line (THP-1) was infected with fresh T. gondii RH tachyzoites. After 5 h of infection, the cells were treated with AZA for 6 h. The expression of atg5, atg7, atg12, lc3b, and β-actin (BACT) genes was evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR. To analyze the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), western blot using specific primary antibodies was performed. RESULTS The results of real-time PCR revealed that AZA, T. gondii tachyzoites, and a combination of AZA and T. gondii tachyzoites upregulated atg5 gene for 4.297-fold (P-value = 0.014), 2.49-fold (P-value = 0.006), and 4.76-fold (P-value = 0.001), respectively. The atg7 gene showed significant upregulation (2.272-fold; P-value = 0.014) and (1.51-fold; P-value = 0.020) in AZA and AZA / T. gondii, respectively. The expression of atg12 gene was significantly downregulated in AZA and T. gondii tachyzoites for (8.85-fold; P-value = 0.004) and (2.005-fold; P-value = 0.038), respectively, but upregulated in T. gondii/AZA (1.52-fold; P-value = 0.037). In addition, the lc3b gene was only significantly changed in AZA / T. gondii (3.028-fold; P-value = 0.001). Western blot analysis showed that T. gondii tachyzoites significantly phosphorylated rpS6, and tachyzoites did not interfere the effects of AZA to phosphorylate the rpS6. CONCLUSION Taken together, although AZA and T. gondii similarly affects the expression levels of atg5, atg7, and atg12, but T. gondii does not seem to modulate the effects of AZA via mTORC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nemati
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Mohammad Rahimi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Pazoki
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chiaro TR, Bauer KM, Ost KS, Stephen-Victor E, Nelson MC, Hill JH, Bell R, Harwood M, Voth W, Jackson T, Klag KA, Oâ Connell RM, Zac Stephens W, Round JL. Clec12a tempers inflammation while restricting expansion of a colitogenic commensal. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.16.532997. [PMID: 36993296 PMCID: PMC10055051 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.16.532997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of the microbiota is critical to intestinal health yet the mechanisms employed by innate immunity remain unclear. Here we show that mice deficient in the C-Type-lectin receptor, Clec12a developed severe colitis, which was dependent on the microbiota. Fecal-microbiota-transplantation (FMT) studies into germfree mice revealed a colitogenic microbiota formed within Clec12a -/- mice that was marked by expansion of the gram-positive organism, Faecalibaculum rodentium . Treatment with F. rodentium was sufficient to worsen colitis in wild-type mice. Macrophages within the gut express the highest levels of Clec12a. Cytokine and sequencing analysis in Clec12a -/- macrophages revealed heighten inflammation but marked reduction in genes associated with phagocytosis. Indeed, Clec12a -/- macrophages are impaired in their ability to uptake F. rodentium. Purified Clec12a had higher binding to gram-positive organisms such as F. rodentium . Thus, our data identifies Clec12a as an innate immune surveillance mechanism to control expansion of potentially harmful commensals without overt inflammation.
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43
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The role of lysosomes in metabolic and autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:366-383. [PMID: 36894628 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are catabolic organelles that contribute to the degradation of intracellular constituents through autophagy and of extracellular components through endocytosis, phagocytosis and macropinocytosis. They also have roles in secretory mechanisms, the generation of extracellular vesicles and certain cell death pathways. These functions make lysosomes central organelles in cell homeostasis, metabolic regulation and responses to environment changes including nutrient stresses, endoplasmic reticulum stress and defects in proteostasis. Lysosomes also have important roles in inflammation, antigen presentation and the maintenance of long-lived immune cells. Their functions are tightly regulated by transcriptional modulation via TFEB and TFE3, as well as by major signalling pathways that lead to activation of mTORC1 and mTORC2, lysosome motility and fusion with other compartments. Lysosome dysfunction and alterations in autophagy processes have been identified in a wide variety of diseases, including autoimmune, metabolic and kidney diseases. Deregulation of autophagy can contribute to inflammation, and lysosomal defects in immune cells and/or kidney cells have been reported in inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies with kidney involvement. Defects in lysosomal activity have also been identified in several pathologies with disturbances in proteostasis, including autoimmune and metabolic diseases such as Parkinson disease, diabetes mellitus and lysosomal storage diseases. Targeting lysosomes is therefore a potential therapeutic strategy to regulate inflammation and metabolism in a variety of pathologies.
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44
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Stankey CT, Lee JC. Translating non-coding genetic associations into a better understanding of immune-mediated disease. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:297044. [PMID: 36897113 PMCID: PMC10040244 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of genetic loci that are associated with immune-mediated diseases. Most disease-associated variants are non-coding, and a large proportion of these variants lie within enhancers. As a result, there is a pressing need to understand how common genetic variation might affect enhancer function and thereby contribute to immune-mediated (and other) diseases. In this Review, we first describe statistical and experimental methods to identify causal genetic variants that modulate gene expression, including statistical fine-mapping and massively parallel reporter assays. We then discuss approaches to characterise the mechanisms by which these variants modulate immune function, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based screens. We highlight examples of studies that, by elucidating the effects of disease variants within enhancers, have provided important insights into immune function and uncovered key pathways of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina T Stankey
- Genetic Mechanisms of Disease Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - James C Lee
- Genetic Mechanisms of Disease Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
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45
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Foerster EG, Tsang DKL, Goyal S, Robertson SJ, Robert LM, Maughan H, Streutker CJ, Girardin SE, Philpott DJ. ATG16L1 protects from interferon-γ-induced cell death in the small intestinal crypt. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:135-152. [PMID: 36792009 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The breakdown of the intestinal mucosal barrier is thought to underlie the progression to Crohn disease (CD), whereby numerous risk factors contribute. For example, a genetic polymorphism of the autophagy gene ATG16L1, associated with an increased risk of developing CD, contributes to the perturbation of the intestinal epithelium. We examined the role of Atg16l1 in protecting the murine small intestinal epithelium from T-cell-mediated damage using the anti-CD3 model of enteropathy. Our work showed that mice specifically deleted for Atg16l1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) (Atg16l1ΔIEC) had exacerbated intestinal damage, characterized by crypt epithelial cell death, heightened inflammation, and decreased survival. Moreover, Atg16l1 deficiency delayed the recovery of the intestinal epithelium, and Atg16l1-deficient IECs were impaired in their proliferative response. Pathology was largely driven by interferon (IFN)-γ signaling in Atg16l1ΔIEC mice. Mechanistically, although survival was rescued by blocking tumor necrosis factor or IFN-γ independently, only anti-IFN-γ treatment abrogated IEC death in Atg16l1ΔIEC mice, thereby decoupling IEC death and survival. In summary, our findings suggest differential roles for IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor in acute enteropathy and IEC death in the context of autophagy deficiency and suggest that IFN-γ-targeted therapy may be appropriate for patients with CD with variants in ATG16L1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek K L Tsang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shawn Goyal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Lukian M Robert
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Catherine J Streutker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen E Girardin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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46
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Jans D, Cleynen I. The genetics of non-monogenic IBD. Hum Genet 2023; 142:669-682. [PMID: 36720734 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis as main subtypes, is a prototypical multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental factors involved. Genetically, IBD covers a wide spectrum from monogenic to polygenic forms. In polygenic disease, many genetic variants each contribute a small amount to disease risk. With the advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), it became possible to find these variants and corresponding genes, leading so far to the discovery of ca 240 loci associated with IBD. Together, these however explain only 20-25% of the heritability of IBD, leaving a large portion unaccounted for. This missing heritability might be hidden in common variants with even lower effect than the ones currently found through GWAS, but also in rare variants which can be found through large-scale sequencing studies or potentially in multiplex families. In this review, we will give an overview of the current knowledge about the genetics of non-monogenic IBD and how it differs from the monogenic form(s), and future perspectives. The history of IBD genetic studies from twin studies over linkage studies to GWAS, and finally large-scale sequencing studies and the revisiting of multiplex families will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Jans
- Laboratory for Complex Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box610, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Cleynen
- Laboratory for Complex Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box610, 3000, Louvain, Belgium.
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47
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Fadeeva N, Khatkov I, Bodunova N, Knyazev O, Bordin D, Parfenov A, Nikolskaya K, Nikolaev S, Rumyantsev K, Polyakova V, Yanova T. Personalized Medicine for IBD Patients. BIONANOSCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-023-01067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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48
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Abstract
Macroautophagy and microautophagy are highly conserved eukaryotic cellular processes that degrade cytoplasmic material in lysosomes. Both pathways involve characteristic membrane dynamics regulated by autophagy-related proteins and other molecules, some of which are shared between the two pathways. Over the past few years, the application of new technologies, such as cryo-electron microscopy, coevolution-based structural prediction and in vitro reconstitution, has revealed the functions of individual autophagy gene products, especially in autophagy induction, membrane reorganization and cargo recognition. Concomitantly, mutations in autophagy genes have been linked to human disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, emphasizing the potential pathogenic implications of autophagy defects. Accumulating genome data have also illuminated the evolution of autophagy genes within eukaryotes as well as their transition from possible ancestral elements in prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayashi Yamamoto
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.410821.e0000 0001 2173 8328Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sidi Zhang
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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49
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Aggarwal N, Kitano S, Puah GRY, Kittelmann S, Hwang IY, Chang MW. Microbiome and Human Health: Current Understanding, Engineering, and Enabling Technologies. Chem Rev 2023; 123:31-72. [PMID: 36317983 PMCID: PMC9837825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiome is composed of a collection of dynamic microbial communities that inhabit various anatomical locations in the body. Accordingly, the coevolution of the microbiome with the host has resulted in these communities playing a profound role in promoting human health. Consequently, perturbations in the human microbiome can cause or exacerbate several diseases. In this Review, we present our current understanding of the relationship between human health and disease development, focusing on the microbiomes found across the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems as well as the skin. We further discuss various strategies by which the composition and function of the human microbiome can be modulated to exert a therapeutic effect on the host. Finally, we examine technologies such as multiomics approaches and cellular reprogramming of microbes that can enable significant advancements in microbiome research and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Aggarwal
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Synthetic
Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Shohei Kitano
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Synthetic
Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Ginette Ru Ying Puah
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Synthetic
Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Wilmar-NUS
(WIL@NUS) Corporate Laboratory, National
University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Wilmar
International Limited, Singapore 138568, Singapore
| | - Sandra Kittelmann
- Wilmar-NUS
(WIL@NUS) Corporate Laboratory, National
University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Wilmar
International Limited, Singapore 138568, Singapore
| | - In Young Hwang
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Synthetic
Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- Singapore
Institute of Technology, Singapore 138683, Singapore
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Synthetic
Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Wilmar-NUS
(WIL@NUS) Corporate Laboratory, National
University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
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50
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Donovan B, Spiel M. Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Childbearing Adult and Newborn. Neoreviews 2023; 24:10-23. [PMID: 36587009 DOI: 10.1542/neo.24-1-e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often affects people in their childbearing years and has implications for pregnancy outcomes, particularly as related to increased risk of preterm delivery and effects of immunosuppressive medications on the fetus. Ideally, people with IBD should attempt conception at a time when their disease is in remission to optimize pregnancy outcomes and reduce risks of flares. Generally, pregnant individuals should continue immunosuppressive medications throughout gestation in an attempt to control the disease. Maternal risks of IBD in pregnancy include exacerbated anemia, disease flare, cesarean delivery, and treatment risks. Fetal and neonatal risks include preterm birth, low birthweight, and medication exposures. There are too few clinical trials that include pregnant or breastfeeding patients to analyze the risk/benefit profile of immunosuppressive medications for IBD treatment during pregnancy, limiting the amount of data available to guide medical treatment in this population. More studies are needed on IBD therapies, particularly as more biologics are developed and become the mainstay of treatment. Neonatal clinicians should be aware of in utero medication exposure to help guide decisions regarding newborn care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Donovan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Melissa Spiel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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