1
|
Qiao X, Bao L, Liu G, Cui X. Nanomaterial journey in the gut: from intestinal mucosal interaction to systemic transport. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39347780 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02480j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (NMs) are commonly utilized in food additives, cosmetics, and therapeutic applications due to their advantageous properties. Consequently, humans are frequently exposed to exogenous nanomaterials through oral ingestion, thus making the intestinal mucosal system a primary site for these particles. Understanding the interactions between nanomaterials and the intestinal mucosal system is crucial for harnessing their therapeutic potential and mitigating potential health risks from unintended exposure. This review aims to elucidate recent advancements in the dual effects of nanomaterials on the intestinal mucosal system. Upon entering the gut lumen, nanomaterials will interact with diverse intestinal components, including trillions of gut microbiota, mucus layer, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), and the intestinal immune system. Additionally, the systemic fate and transportation of nanomaterials to distal organs, such as central nervous system, are also highlighted. These interactions result in a distinct biological effect of nanomaterials on the multilayer structure of intestine, thus displaying complex journeys and outcomes of nanomaterials in the living body. This in-depth exploration of the in vivo destiny and immunological implications of nanomaterials encountering the intestine has the potential to propel advancements in oral drug delivery techniques and motivate future investigations in novel toxicology research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lin Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guanyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuejing Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yousef M, Bou-Chacra N, Löbenberg R, Davies NM. Understanding lymphatic drug delivery through chylomicron blockade: A retrospective and prospective analysis. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2024; 129:107548. [PMID: 39098619 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2024.107548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Scientists have developed and employed various models to investigate intestinal lymphatic uptake. One approach involves using specific blocking agents to influence the chylomicron-mediated lymphatic absorption of drugs. Currently utilized models include pluronic L-81, puromycin, vinca alkaloids, colchicine, and cycloheximide. This review offers a thorough analysis of the diverse models utilized, evaluating existing reports while delineating the gaps in current research. It also explores pharmacokinetic related aspects of intestinal lymphatic uptake pathway and its blockage through the discussed models. Pluronic L-81 has a reversible effect, minimal toxicity, and unique mode of action. Yet, it lacks clinical reports on chylomicron pathway blockage, likely due to low concentrations used. Puromycin and vinca alkaloids, though documented for toxicity, lack information on their application in drug intestinal lymphatic uptake. Other vinca alkaloids show promise in affecting triglyceride profiles and represent possible agents to test as blockers. Colchicine and cycloheximide, widely used in pharmaceutical development, have demonstrated efficacy, with cycloheximide preferred for lower toxicity. However, further investigation into effective and toxic doses of colchicine in humans is needed to understand its clinical impact. The review additionally followed the complete journey of oral lymphatic targeting drugs from intake to excretion, provided a pharmacokinetic equation considering the intestinal lymphatic pathway for assessing bioavailability. Moreover, the possible application of urinary data as a non-invasive way to measure the uptake of drugs through intestinal lymphatics was illustrated, and the likelihood of drug interactions when specific blockers are employed in human subjects was underscored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malaz Yousef
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2T9, Canada; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Nadia Bou-Chacra
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Raimar Löbenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2T9, Canada.
| | - Neal M Davies
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2T9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Campos JL, Suominen S, Pons G, Al-Sakkaf AM, Lusetti IL, Sirota M, Vela FJ, Pires L, Sánchez-Margallo FM, Abellán E, Masiá J. Lymphatic Patterns in the Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator Flap. J Reconstr Microsurg 2024. [PMID: 38848754 DOI: 10.1055/a-2340-9629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphedema is a chronic condition, characterized by fluid buildup and tissue swelling and is caused by impairment of the lymphatic system. The lymph interpositional flap transfer technique, in which lymph flow is restored with a flap that includes subdermal lymphatic channels, is an option for surgical reconstruction. The superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap can be used for this purpose. This study aimed to describe and characterize the lymphatic patterns within the vascular territory of the SCIP flap. METHODS This cross-sectional multicenter study involved 19 healthy volunteers aged ≥18 years of both sexes assessing the bilateral SCIP flap zone. Superficial lymphatic patterns were evaluated at 4-, 14-, and 24 minutes after indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography injection. Standardized procedures were implemented for all participants in both hospitals. RESULTS The linear pattern was predominant bilaterally. The median number of lymphatic vessels and their length increased over time. Most lymphatic vessels in the SCIP flap were oriented toward the inguinal lymph node (ILN). However, the left SCIP zone lymphatic vessels were directed opposite to the ILN. CONCLUSION The two sides SCIP zones were not significantly different. The primary direction of the bilateral lymphatic vessels was toward the ILN, although only single-side lymphatic vessels were in the opposite direction. These findings emphasize the importance of assessing lymphatic axiality and coherent lymphatic patterns prior to undertaking the SCIP as an interposition flap, to ensure effective restoration of lymphatic flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Campos
- Department of Microsurgery, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Sinikka Suominen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gemma Pons
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ali M Al-Sakkaf
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Laura Lusetti
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Max Sirota
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Vela
- Department of Microsurgery, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Laura Pires
- Department of Microsurgery, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Elena Abellán
- Department of Microsurgery, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jaume Masiá
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim YT, Mills DA. Exploring the gut microbiome: probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as key players in human health and disease improvement. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:2065-2080. [PMID: 39130661 PMCID: PMC11315840 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome accompanies us from birth, and it is developed and matured by diet, lifestyle, and environmental factors. During aging, the bacterial composition evolves in reciprocal communication with the host's physiological properties. Many diseases are closely related to the gut microbiome, which means the modulation of the gut microbiome can promote the disease targeting remote organs. This review explores the intricate interaction between the gut microbiome and other organs, and their improvement from disease by prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics. Each section of the review is supported by clinical trials that substantiate the benefits of modulation the gut microbiome through dietary intervention for improving primary health outcomes across various axes with the gut. In conclusion, the review underscores the significant potential of targeting the gut microbiome for therapeutic and preventative interventions in a wide range of diseases, calling for further research to fully unlock the microbiome's capabilities in enhancing human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - David A. Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Panara V, Varaliová Z, Wilting J, Koltowska K, Jeltsch M. The relationship between the secondary vascular system and the lymphatic vascular system in fish. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38940420 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
New technologies have resulted in a better understanding of blood and lymphatic vascular heterogeneity at the cellular and molecular levels. However, we still need to learn more about the heterogeneity of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems among different species at the anatomical and functional levels. Even the deceptively simple question of the functions of fish lymphatic vessels has yet to be conclusively answered. The most common interpretation assumes a similar dual setup of the vasculature in zebrafish and mammals: a cardiovascular circulatory system, and a lymphatic vascular system (LVS), in which the unidirectional flow is derived from surplus interstitial fluid and returned into the cardiovascular system. A competing interpretation questions the identity of the lymphatic vessels in fish as at least some of them receive their flow from arteries via specialised anastomoses, neither requiring an interstitial source for the lymphatic flow nor stipulating unidirectionality. In this alternative view, the 'fish lymphatics' are a specialised subcompartment of the cardiovascular system, called the secondary vascular system (SVS). Many of the contradictions found in the literature appear to stem from the fact that the SVS develops in part or completely from an embryonic LVS by transdifferentiation. Future research needs to establish the extent of embryonic transdifferentiation of lymphatics into SVS blood vessels. Similarly, more insight is needed into the molecular regulation of vascular development in fish. Most fish possess more than the five vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes and three VEGF receptor genes that we know from mice or humans, and the relative tolerance of fish to whole-genome and gene duplications could underlie the evolutionary diversification of the vasculature. This review discusses the key elements of the fish lymphatics versus the SVS and attempts to draw a picture coherent with the existing data, including phylogenetic knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Panara
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
- Beijer Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 A, Uppsala, 752 36, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Varaliová
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
- Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Jörg Wilting
- Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical School Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 36, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Koltowska
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
- Beijer Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
| | - Michael Jeltsch
- Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Helsinki One Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 4, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Yliopistonkatu 3, Helsinki, 00100, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng B, Pan F, Shi M, He C, He B, Wang R, Ren G, Yang S, Zhang S. 2-Monoacylglycerol Mimetic Liposomes to Promote Intestinal Lymphatic Transport for Improving Oral Bioavailability of Dihydroartemisinin. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:5273-5295. [PMID: 38859952 PMCID: PMC11164214 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s462374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Reducing the first-pass hepatic effect via intestinal lymphatic transport is an effective way to increase the oral absorption of drugs. 2-Monoacylglycerol (2-MAG) as a primary digestive product of dietary lipids triglyceride, can be assembled in chylomicrons and then transported from the intestine into the lymphatic system. Herein, we propose a biomimetic strategy and report a 2-MAG mimetic nanocarrier to target the intestinal lymphatic system via the lipid absorption pathway and improve oral bioavailability. Methods The 2-MAG mimetic liposomes were designed by covalently bonding serinol (SER) on the surface of liposomes named SER-LPs to simulate the structure of 2-MAG. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) was chosen as the model drug because of its disadvantages such as poor solubility and high first-pass effect. The endocytosis and exocytosis mechanisms were investigated in Caco-2 cells and Caco-2 cell monolayers. The capacity of intestinal lymphatic transport was evaluated by ex vivo biodistribution and in vivo pharmacokinetic experiments. Results DHA loaded SER-LPs (SER-LPs-DHA) had a particle size of 70 nm and a desirable entrapment efficiency of 93%. SER-LPs showed sustained release for DHA in the simulated gastrointestinal environment. In vitro cell studies demonstrated that the cellular uptake of SER-LPs primarily relied on the caveolae- rather than clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway and preferred to integrate into the chylomicron assembly process through the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi apparatus route. After oral administration, SER-LPs efficiently promoted drug accumulation in mesenteric lymphatic nodes. The oral bioavailability of DHA from SER-LPs was 10.40-fold and 1.17-fold larger than that of free DHA and unmodified liposomes at the same dose, respectively. Conclusion SER-LPs improved oral bioavailability through efficient intestinal lymphatic transport. These findings of the current study provide a good alternative strategy for oral delivery of drugs with high first-pass hepatic metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minfei Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuiping He
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Beibei He
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guolian Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuqiu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tong R, Li Y, Yu X, Zhang N, Liao Q, Pan L. Mechanisms of neurocentral-eyestalk-intestinal immunotoxicity in whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei under ammonia nitrogen exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123956. [PMID: 38626866 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia-N, as the most toxic nitrogenous waste, has high toxicity to marine animals. However, the interplay between ammonia-induced neuroendocrine toxicity and intestinal immune homeostasis has been largely overlooked. Here, a significant concordance of metabolome and transcriptome-based "cholinergic synapse" supports that plasma metabolites acetylcholine (ACh) plays an important role during NH4Cl exposure. After blocking the ACh signal transduction, the release of dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the cerebral ganglia increased, while the release of NPF in the thoracic ganglia and NE in the abdominal ganglia, and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) and neuropeptide F (NPF) in the eyestalk decreased, finally the intestinal immunity was enhanced. After bilateral eyestalk ablation, the neuroendocrine system of shrimp was disturbed, more neuroendocrine factors, such as corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic-hormone (ACTH), ACh, DA, 5-HT, and norepinephrine (NE) were released into the plasma, and further decreased intestinal immunity. Subsequently, these neuroendocrine factors reach the intestine through endocrine or neural pathways and bind to their receptors to affect downstream signaling pathway factors to regulate intestinal immune homeostasis. Combined with different doses of ammonia-N exposure experiment, these findings suggest that NH4Cl may exert intestinal toxicity on shrimp by disrupting the cerebral ganglion-eyestalk axis and the cerebral ganglion-thoracic ganglion-abdominal ganglion axis, thereby damaging intestinal barrier function and inducing inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Yaobing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Xin Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Qilong Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Wu Z, Zhao Q, Liu Y, Huang Q, Zhang M, Li S, Wang D, Li N, Chi Y, Liu Y. Mesenteric Lymphatic B Cells Migrate to the Intestine and Aggravate DSS-Induced Colitis via the CXCR5-CXCL13 Axis. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:322. [PMID: 38785804 PMCID: PMC11117591 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unknown. Mesenteric lymphatics (MLs), which are closely related to the intestine in both anatomy and physiology, have been suggested to be involved in IBD. In the present study, we aim to investigate the effects of ML immune cells on IBD and explore the potential associated mechanisms. Acute colitis was induced in rats using dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS). Mesenteric lymphangiogenesis, ML stenosis, and dilation were observed, with an increased proportion of MLB cells in DSS-induced colitis rats. The adoptive transfer of B cells isolated from ML (MLB) was employed to investigate their effects on colitis. MLB cells derived from DSS-induced colitis rats exhibited a higher propensity to migrate to the intestine. The proportion of colonic T cells was altered, along with the aggravated colitis induced by the adoptive transfer of MLB cells derived from DSS-induced colitis rats. RNA sequencing revealed increased Cxcr5 expression in MLB cells from colitis rats, while real-time PCR indicated an upregulation of its ligand Cxcl13 in the colon of colitis rats. These findings suggest that MLB cells may migrate to the intestine and aggravate colitis. In summary, colonic T cells respond to MLB cells from colitis rats, and MLB cells aggravate DSS-induced colitis via the CXCR5-CXCL13 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Q.Z.)
- Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Q.Z.)
- Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Qinghe Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Q.Z.)
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (D.W.); (N.L.)
| | - Yaming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Xiamen University Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen 361001, China;
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China;
| | - Menglei Zhang
- Department of Animal Laboratory, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (M.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Shuolei Li
- Department of Animal Laboratory, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (M.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (D.W.); (N.L.)
| | - Na Li
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (D.W.); (N.L.)
| | - Yujing Chi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Q.Z.)
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (D.W.); (N.L.)
| | - Yulan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (Q.Z.)
- Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang H, Chen S, Tang Y, Nie K, Gao Y, Wang Z, Su H, Wu F, Gong J, Fang K, Dong H, Hu M. Berberine promotes lacteal junction zippering and ameliorates diet-induced obesity through the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 124:155268. [PMID: 38176265 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has emerged as a global epidemic. Recent research has indicated that diet-induced obesity can be prevented by promoting lacteal junction zippering. Berberine, which is derived from natural plants, is found to be promising in weight reduction, but the underlying mechanism remains unspecified. PURPOSE To determine whether berberine protects against obesity by regulating the lacteal junction and to explore potential molecular mechanisms. METHODS Following the induction of the diet-induced obese (DIO) model, mice were administered low and high doses of berberine for 4 weeks. Indicators associated with insulin resistance and lipid metabolism were examined. Various methods, such as Oil Red O staining, transmission electron microscopy imaging, confocal imaging and others were used to observe the effects of berberine on lipid absorption and the lacteal junction. In vitro, human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs) were used to investigate the effect of berberine on LEC junctions. Western Blot and immunostaining were applied to determine the expression levels of relevant molecules. RESULTS Both low and high doses of berberine reduced body weight in DIO mice without appetite suppression and ameliorated glucolipid metabolism disorders. We also found that the weight loss effect of berberine might contribute to the inhibition of small intestinal lipid absorption. The possible mechanism was related to the promotion of lacteal junction zippering via suppressing the ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA)/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway. In vitro, berberine also promoted the formation of stable mature junctions in HDLECs, involving the same signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Berberine could promote lacteal junction zippering and ameliorate diet-induced obesity through the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhan Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shen Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueheng Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kexin Nie
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Meilin Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cameron O, Neves JF, Gentleman E. Listen to Your Gut: Key Concepts for Bioengineering Advanced Models of the Intestine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302165. [PMID: 38009508 PMCID: PMC10837392 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The intestine performs functions central to human health by breaking down food and absorbing nutrients while maintaining a selective barrier against the intestinal microbiome. Key to this barrier function are the combined efforts of lumen-lining specialized intestinal epithelial cells, and the supportive underlying immune cell-rich stromal tissue. The discovery that the intestinal epithelium can be reproduced in vitro as intestinal organoids introduced a new way to understand intestinal development, homeostasis, and disease. However, organoids reflect the intestinal epithelium in isolation whereas the underlying tissue also contains myriad cell types and impressive chemical and structural complexity. This review dissects the cellular and matrix components of the intestine and discusses strategies to replicate them in vitro using principles drawing from bottom-up biological self-organization and top-down bioengineering. It also covers the cellular, biochemical and biophysical features of the intestinal microenvironment and how these can be replicated in vitro by combining strategies from organoid biology with materials science. Particularly accessible chemistries that mimic the native extracellular matrix are discussed, and bioengineering approaches that aim to overcome limitations in modelling the intestine are critically evaluated. Finally, the review considers how further advances may extend the applications of intestinal models and their suitability for clinical therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Cameron
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - Joana F. Neves
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanne1005Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Menichetti A, Mordini D, Montalti M. Polydopamine Nanosystems in Drug Delivery: Effect of Size, Morphology, and Surface Charge. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:303. [PMID: 38334574 PMCID: PMC10856634 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Recently, drug delivery strategies based on nanomaterials have attracted a lot of interest in different kinds of therapies because of their superior properties. Polydopamine (PDA), one of the most interesting materials in nanomedicine because of its versatility and biocompatibility, has been widely investigated in the drug delivery field. It can be easily functionalized to favor processes like cellular uptake and blood circulation, and it can also induce drug release through two kinds of stimuli: NIR light irradiation and pH. In this review, we describe PDA nanomaterials' performance on drug delivery, based on their size, morphology, and surface charge. Indeed, these characteristics strongly influence the main mechanisms involved in a drug delivery system: blood circulation, cellular uptake, drug loading, and drug release. The understanding of the connections between PDA nanosystems' properties and these phenomena is pivotal to obtain a controlled design of new nanocarriers based on the specific drug delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Montalti
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.); (D.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jayathungage Don TD, Safaei S, Maso Talou GD, Russell PS, Phillips ARJ, Reynolds HM. Computational fluid dynamic modeling of the lymphatic system: a review of existing models and future directions. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:3-22. [PMID: 37902894 PMCID: PMC10901951 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01780-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Historically, research into the lymphatic system has been overlooked due to both a lack of knowledge and limited recognition of its importance. In the last decade however, lymphatic research has gained substantial momentum and has included the development of a variety of computational models to aid understanding of this complex system. This article reviews existing computational fluid dynamic models of the lymphatics covering each structural component including the initial lymphatics, pre-collecting and collecting vessels, and lymph nodes. This is followed by a summary of limitations and gaps in existing computational models and reasons that development in this field has been hindered to date. Over the next decade, efforts to further characterize lymphatic anatomy and physiology are anticipated to provide key data to further inform and validate lymphatic fluid dynamic models. Development of more comprehensive multiscale- and multi-physics computational models has the potential to significantly enhance the understanding of lymphatic function in both health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Soroush Safaei
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gonzalo D Maso Talou
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter S Russell
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anthony R J Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hayley M Reynolds
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dunaway LS, Luse MA, Nyshadham S, Bulut G, Alencar GF, Chavkin NW, Cortese-Krott M, Hirschi KK, Isakson BE. Obesogenic diet disrupts tissue-specific mitochondrial gene signatures in the artery and capillary endothelium. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:113-127. [PMID: 37982169 PMCID: PMC11281809 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00109.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) adapt to the unique needs of their resident tissue and metabolic perturbations, such as obesity. We sought to understand how obesity affects EC metabolic phenotypes, specifically mitochondrial gene expression. We investigated the mesenteric and adipose endothelium because these vascular beds have distinct roles in lipid homeostasis. Initially, we performed bulk RNA sequencing on ECs from mouse adipose and mesenteric vasculatures after a normal chow (NC) diet or high-fat diet (HFD) and found higher mitochondrial gene expression in adipose ECs compared with mesenteric ECs in both NC and HFD mice. Next, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and categorized ECs as arterial, capillary, venous, or lymphatic. We found mitochondrial genes to be enriched in adipose compared with mesentery under NC conditions in artery and capillary ECs. After HFD, these genes were decreased in adipose ECs, becoming like mesenteric ECs. Transcription factor analysis revealed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) had high specificity in NC adipose artery and capillary ECs. These findings were recapitulated in single-nuclei RNA-sequencing data from human visceral adipose. The sum of these findings suggests that mesenteric and adipose arterial ECs metabolize lipids differently, and the transcriptional phenotype of the vascular beds converges in obesity due to downregulation of PPAR-γ in adipose artery and capillary ECs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing on endothelial cells from adipose and mesentery, we found that an obesogenic diet induces a reduction in adipose endothelial oxidative phosphorylation gene expression, resulting in a phenotypic convergence of mesenteric and adipose endothelial cells. Furthermore, we found evidence that PPAR-γ drives this phenotypic shift. Mining of human data sets segregated based on body mass index supported these findings. These data point to novel mechanisms by which obesity induces endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke S Dunaway
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Melissa A Luse
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Shruthi Nyshadham
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Gamze Bulut
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Gabriel F Alencar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Nicholas W Chavkin
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Miriam Cortese-Krott
- Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Modaghegh MHS, Tanzadehpanah H, Kamyar MM, Manoochehri H, Sheykhhasan M, Forouzanfar F, Mahmoudian RA, Lotfian E, Mahaki H. The role of key biomarkers in lymphatic malformation: An updated review. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3665. [PMID: 38375969 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system, crucial for tissue fluid balance and immune surveillance, can be severely impacted by disorders that hinder its activities. Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are caused by fluid accumulation in tissues owing to defects in lymphatic channel formation, the obstruction of lymphatic vessels or injury to lymphatic tissues. Somatic mutations, varying in symptoms based on lesions' location and size, provide insights into their molecular pathogenesis by identifying LMs' genetic causes. In this review, we collected the most recent findings about the role of genetic and inflammatory biomarkers in LMs that control the formation of these malformations. A thorough evaluation of the literature from 2000 to the present was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Although it is obvious that the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 mutation accounts for a significant proportion of LM patients, several mutations in other genes thought to be linked to LM have also been discovered. Also, inflammatory mediators like interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and mammalian target of rapamycin are the most commonly associated biomarkers with LM. Understanding the mutations and genes expression responsible for the abnormalities in lymphatic endothelial cells could lead to novel therapeutic strategies based on molecular pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid Tanzadehpanah
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Kamyar
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Manoochehri
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Lotfian
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hanie Mahaki
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou YW, Ren Y, Lu MM, Xu LL, Cheng WX, Zhang MM, Ding LP, Chen D, Gao JG, Du J, Jin CL, Chen CX, Li YF, Cheng T, Jiang PL, Yang YD, Qian PX, Xu PF, Jin X. Crohn's disease as the intestinal manifestation of pan-lymphatic dysfunction: An exploratory proposal based on basic and clinical data. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:34-49. [PMID: 38293325 PMCID: PMC10823898 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is caused by immune, environmental, and genetic factors. It can involve the entire gastrointestinal tract, and although its prevalence is rapidly increasing its etiology remains unclear. Emerging biological and small-molecule drugs have advanced the treatment of CD; however, a considerable proportion of patients are non-responsive to all known drugs. To achieve a breakthrough in this field, innovations that could guide the further development of effective therapies are of utmost urgency. In this review, we first propose the innovative concept of pan-lymphatic dysfunction for the general distribution of lymphatic dysfunction in various diseases, and suggest that CD is the intestinal manifestation of pan-lymphatic dysfunction based on basic and clinical preliminary data. The supporting evidence is fully summarized, including the existence of lymphatic system dysfunction, recognition of the inside-out model, disorders of immune cells, changes in cell plasticity, partial overlap of the underlying mechanisms, and common gut-derived fatty and bile acid metabolism. Another benefit of this novel concept is that it proposes adopting the zebrafish model for studying intestinal diseases, especially CD, as this model is good at presenting and mimicking lymphatic dysfunction. More importantly, the ensuing focus on improving lymphatic function may lead to novel and promising therapeutic strategies for CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Miao-Miao Lu
- Endoscopy Center, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ling-Ling Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei-Xin Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meng-Meng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Shangcheng District People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin-Ping Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian-Guo Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ci-Liang Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yun-Fei Li
- Women’s Hospital and Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Women’s Hospital and Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peng-Lei Jiang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Da Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peng-Xu Qian
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- Women’s Hospital and Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bernier-Latmani J, González-Loyola A, Petrova TV. Mechanisms and functions of intestinal vascular specialization. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20222008. [PMID: 38051275 PMCID: PMC10697212 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20222008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal vasculature has been studied for the last 100 years, and its essential role in absorbing and distributing ingested nutrients is well known. Recently, fascinating new insights into the organization, molecular mechanisms, and functions of intestinal vessels have emerged. These include maintenance of intestinal epithelial cell function, coping with microbiota-induced inflammatory pressure, recruiting gut-specific immune cells, and crosstalk with other organs. Intestinal function is also regulated at the systemic and cellular levels, such that the postprandial hyperemic response can direct up to 30% of systemic blood to gut vessels, while micron-sized endothelial cell fenestrations are necessary for nutrient uptake. In this review, we will highlight past discoveries made about intestinal vasculature in the context of new findings of molecular mechanisms underpinning gut function. Such comprehensive understanding of the system will pave the way to breakthroughs in nutrient uptake optimization, drug delivery efficiency, and treatment of human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Bernier-Latmani
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Tatiana V. Petrova
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kumar MS. Paneth cell: The missing link between obesity, MASH and portal hypertension. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102259. [PMID: 38070827 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health crisis, with its prevalence steadily rising over the past few decades. One concerning consequence of obesity is its association with metabolic associated steatohepatitis [MASH], portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is irreversible, but stages of liver disease before the development of cirrhosis are reversible with appropriate interventions. Studies have brought into light new entities that influences the pathophysiology of portal hypertension. This review provides evidence supporting that, Paneth cells[PCs] in the intestinal epithelium, which remained enigmatic for a century, are the maneuverer of pathophysiology of portal hypertension and obesity. PC dysfunction can cause perturbation of the intestinal microbiota and changes in intestinal permeability, which are the potential triggers of systemic inflammation. Thus, it can offer unique opportunities to understand the pathophysiology of portal hypertension for intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minu Sajeev Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Government Medical College, Thiruvanathapuram, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Engin AB, Engin A. The Checkpoints of Intestinal Fat Absorption in Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:73-95. [PMID: 39287849 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
In this chapter, intestinal lipid transport, which plays a central role in fat homeostasis and the development of obesity in addition to the mechanisms of fatty acids and monoacylglycerol absorption in the intestinal lumen and reassembly of these within the enterocyte was described. A part of the resynthesized triglycerides (triacylglycerols; TAG) is repackaged in the intestine to form the hydrophobic core of chylomicrons (CMs). These are delivered as metabolic fuels, essential fatty acids, and other lipid-soluble nutrients, from enterocytes to the peripheral tissues following detachment from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Moreover, the attitudes of multiple receptor functions in dietary lipid uptake, synthesis, and transport are highlighted. Additionally, intestinal fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs), which increase the cytosolic flux of fatty acids via intermembrane transfer in enterocytes, and the functions of checkpoints for receptor-mediated fatty acid signaling are debated. The importance of the balance between storage and secretion of dietary fat by enterocytes in determining the physiological fate of dietary fat, including regulation of blood lipid concentrations and energy balance, is mentioned. Consequently, promising checkpoints regarding how intestinal fat processing affects lipid homeostatic mechanisms and lipid stores in the body and the prevention of obesity-lipotoxicity due to excessive intestinal lipid absorption are evaluated. In this context, dietary TAG digestion, pharmacological inhibition of TAG hydrolysis, the regulation of long-chain fatty acid uptake traffic into adipocytes, intracellular TAG resynthesis, the enlargement of cytoplasmic lipid droplets in enterocytes and constitutional alteration of their proteome, CD36-mediated conversion of diet-derived fatty acid into cellular lipid messengers and their functions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Naik DA, Matonis S, Balakrishnan G, Bettinger CJ. Intestinal retentive systems - recent advances and emerging approaches. J Mater Chem B 2023; 12:64-78. [PMID: 38047746 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01842c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal retentive devices (IRDs) are devices designed to anchor within the lumen of the intestines for long-term residence in the gastrointestinal tract. IRDs can enable impactful medical device technologies including sustained oral drug delivery systems, indwelling sensors, or real-time diagnostics. The design and testing of IRDs present a myriad of challenges, including precise deployment of the device at desired intestinal locations, secure anchoring within the gastrointestinal tract to allow for natural function, and safe removal of the IRD at user-defined times. Advancing the state-of-the-art of IRD is an interdisciplinary effort that requires innovations such as new materials, novel anchoring mechanisms, and medical device design with consistent input from clinical practitioners and end-users. This perspective briefly reviews the current state-of-the-art for IRDs and charts a path forward to inform the design of future concepts. Specifically, this article will highlight materials, retention mechanisms, and test beds to measure the efficacy of IRDs and their mechanisms. Finally, potential synergies between IRD and other medical device technologies are presented to identify future opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Durva A Naik
- Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Wean Hall 3325, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Spencer Matonis
- Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Wean Hall 3325, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Gaurav Balakrishnan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Wean Hall 3325, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Christopher J Bettinger
- Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Wean Hall 3325, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Scott Hall 4N201, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kurup S, Tan C, Kume T. Cardiac and intestinal tissue conduct developmental and reparative processes in response to lymphangiocrine signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1329770. [PMID: 38178871 PMCID: PMC10764504 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1329770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels conduct a diverse range of activities to sustain the integrity of surrounding tissue. Besides facilitating the movement of lymph and its associated factors, lymphatic vessels are capable of producing tissue-specific responses to changes within their microenvironment. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) secrete paracrine signals that bind to neighboring cell-receptors, commencing an intracellular signaling cascade that preludes modifications to the organ tissue's structure and function. While the lymphangiocrine factors and the molecular and cellular mechanisms themselves are specific to the organ tissue, the crosstalk action between LECs and adjacent cells has been highlighted as a commonality in augmenting tissue regeneration within animal models of cardiac and intestinal disease. Lymphangiocrine secretions have been owed for subsequent improvements in organ function by optimizing the clearance of excess tissue fluid and immune cells and stimulating favorable tissue growth, whereas perturbations in lymphatic performance bring about the opposite. Newly published landmark studies have filled gaps in our understanding of cardiac and intestinal maintenance by revealing key players for lymphangiocrine processes. Here, we will expand upon those findings and review the nature of lymphangiocrine factors in the heart and intestine, emphasizing its involvement within an interconnected network that supports daily homeostasis and self-renewal following injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Kurup
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Honors College, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Can Tan
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Montenegro-Navarro N, García-Báez C, García-Caballero M. Molecular and metabolic orchestration of the lymphatic vasculature in physiology and pathology. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8389. [PMID: 38104163 PMCID: PMC10725466 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis refers to the generation of new lymphatic vessels from pre-existing ones. During development and particular adult states, lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) undergo reprogramming of their transcriptomic and signaling networks to support the high demands imposed by cell proliferation and migration. Although there has been substantial progress in identifying growth factors and signaling pathways controlling lymphangiogenesis in the last decades, insights into the role of metabolism in lymphatic cell functions are just emerging. Despite numerous similarities between the main metabolic pathways existing in LECs, blood ECs (BEC) and other cell types, accumulating evidence has revealed that LECs acquire a unique metabolic signature during lymphangiogenesis, and their metabolic engine is intertwined with molecular regulatory networks, resulting in a tightly regulated and interconnected process. Considering the implication of lymphatic dysfunction in cancer and lymphedema, alongside other pathologies, recent findings hold promising opportunities to develop novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we provide an overview of the status of knowledge in the molecular and metabolic network regulating the lymphatic vasculature in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Montenegro-Navarro
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Claudia García-Báez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Málaga, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Brügger MD, Basler K. The diverse nature of intestinal fibroblasts in development, homeostasis, and disease. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:834-849. [PMID: 37080817 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Only in recent years have we begun to appreciate the involvement of fibroblasts in intestinal development, tissue homeostasis, and disease. These insights followed the advent of single-cell transcriptomics that allowed researchers to explore the heterogeneity of intestinal fibroblasts in unprecedented detail. Since researchers often defined cell types and their associated function based on the biological process they studied, there are a plethora of partially overlapping markers for different intestinal fibroblast populations. This ambiguity complicates putting different research findings into context. Here, we provide a census on the function and identity of intestinal fibroblasts in mouse and human. We propose a simplified framework consisting of three colonic and four small intestinal fibroblast populations to aid navigating the diversity of intestinal fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael David Brügger
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Konrad Basler
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Juneja P, Ruhina Rahman SN, Jakhar D, Mourya AK, Tripathi DM, Kaur I, Tiwari V, Rohilla S, Gupta A, Rawal P, Baweja S, Rastogi A, Naidu V, Sarin SK, Banerjee S, Kaur S. Recombinant VEGF-C (Cys156Ser) improves mesenteric lymphatic drainage and gut immune surveillance in experimental cirrhosis. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100816. [PMID: 37663117 PMCID: PMC10472308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Lymphatic vessels (LVs) are crucial for maintaining abdominal fluid homoeostasis and immunity. In cirrhosis, mesenteric LVs (mLVs) are dilated and dysfunctional. Given the established role of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) in improving LVs, we hypothesised that VEGF-C treatment could ameliorate the functions of mLVs in cirrhosis. Methods In this study, we developed a nanoformulation comprising LV-specific growth factor, recombinant human VEGF-C (Cys156Ser) protein (E-VEGF-C) and delivered it orally in different models of rat cirrhosis to target mLVs. Cirrhotic rats were given nanoformulation without VEGF-C served as vehicles. Drainage of mLVs was analysed using tracer dye. Portal and systemic physiological assessments and computed tomography were performed to measure portal pressures and ascites. Gene expression and permeability of primary mesenteric lymphatic endothelial cells (LyECs) was studied. Immune cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were quantified by flow cytometry. Endogenous and exogenous gut bacterial translocation to MLNs was examined. Results In cirrhotic rats, mLVs were dilated and leaky with impaired drainage. Treatment with E-VEGF-C induced proliferation of mLVs, reduced their diameter, and improved functional drainage. Ascites and portal pressures were significantly reduced in E-VEGF-C rats compared with vehicle rats. In MLNs of E-VEGF-C animals, CD8+CD134+ T cells were increased, whereas CD25+ regulatory T cells were decreased. Both endogenous and exogenous bacterial translocation were limited to MLNs in E-VEGF-C rats with reduced levels of endotoxins in ascites and blood in comparison with those in vehicle rats. E-VEGF-C treatment upregulated the expression of vascular endothelial-cadherin in LyECs and functionally improved the permeability of these cells. Conclusions E-VEGF-C treatment ameliorates mesenteric lymph drainage and portal pressure and strengthens cytotoxic T-cell immunity in MLNs in experimental cirrhosis. It may thus serve as a promising therapy to manage ascites and reduce pathogenic gut bacterial translocation in cirrhosis. Impact and Implications A human recombinant pro-lymphangiogenic growth factor, VEGF-C, was encapsulated in nanolipocarriers (E-VEGF-C) and orally delivered in different models of rat liver cirrhosis to facilitate its gut lymphatic vessel uptake. E-VEGF-C administration significantly increased mesenteric lymphatic vessel proliferation and improved lymph drainage, attenuating abdominal ascites and portal pressures in the animal models. E-VEGF-C treatment limited bacterial translocation to MLNs only with reduced gut bacterial load and ascitic endotoxins. E-VEGF-C therapy thus holds the potential to manage ascites and portal pressure and reduce gut bacterial translocation in patients with cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Juneja
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Nazrin Ruhina Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, India
| | - Deepika Jakhar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Akash Kumar Mourya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh M. Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Impreet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaibhav Tiwari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumati Rohilla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Preety Rawal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sukriti Baweja
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - V.G.M. Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER-Guwahati, Changsari, India
| | - Shiv K. Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Subham Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, India
| | - Savneet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang D, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Yang S, Xiao X, Feng L. Angiogenesis-An Emerging Role in Organ Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14123. [PMID: 37762426 PMCID: PMC10532049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the study of lymphangiogenesis and fibrotic diseases has made considerable achievements, and accumulating evidence indicates that lymphangiogenesis plays a key role in the process of fibrosis in various organs. Although the effects of lymphangiogenesis on fibrosis disease have not been conclusively determined due to different disease models and pathological stages of organ fibrosis, its importance in the development of fibrosis is unquestionable. Therefore, we expounded on the characteristics of lymphangiogenesis in fibrotic diseases from the effects of lymphangiogenesis on fibrosis, the source of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), the mechanism of fibrosis-related lymphangiogenesis, and the therapeutic effect of intervening lymphangiogenesis on fibrosis. We found that expansion of LECs or lymphatic networks occurs through original endothelial cell budding or macrophage differentiation into LECs, and the vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC)/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR3) pathway is central in fibrosis-related lymphangiogenesis. Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE1), as a receptor of LECs, is also involved in the regulation of lymphangiogenesis. Intervention with lymphangiogenesis improves fibrosis to some extent. In the complex organ fibrosis microenvironment, a variety of functional cells, inflammatory factors and chemokines synergistically or antagonistically form the complex network involved in fibrosis-related lymphangiogenesis and regulate the progression of fibrosis disease. Further clarifying the formation of a new fibrosis-related lymphangiogenesis network may potentially provide new strategies for the treatment of fibrosis disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Li Feng
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (X.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mehrara BJ, Radtke AJ, Randolph GJ, Wachter BT, Greenwel P, Rovira II, Galis ZS, Muratoglu SC. The emerging importance of lymphatics in health and disease: an NIH workshop report. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e171582. [PMID: 37655664 PMCID: PMC10471172 DOI: 10.1172/jci171582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system (LS) is composed of lymphoid organs and a network of vessels that transport interstitial fluid, antigens, lipids, cholesterol, immune cells, and other materials in the body. Abnormal development or malfunction of the LS has been shown to play a key role in the pathophysiology of many disease states. Thus, improved understanding of the anatomical and molecular characteristics of the LS may provide approaches for disease prevention or treatment. Recent advances harnessing single-cell technologies, clinical imaging, discovery of biomarkers, and computational tools have led to the development of strategies to study the LS. This Review summarizes the outcomes of the NIH workshop entitled "Yet to be Charted: Lymphatic System in Health and Disease," held in September 2022, with emphasis on major areas for advancement. International experts showcased the current state of knowledge regarding the LS and highlighted remaining challenges and opportunities to advance the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babak J. Mehrara
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea J. Radtke
- Lymphocyte Biology Section and Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gwendalyn J. Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brianna T. Wachter
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia Greenwel
- Division of Digestive Diseases & Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and
| | - Ilsa I. Rovira
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zorina S. Galis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Selen C. Muratoglu
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hansen SL, Larsen HL, Pikkupeura LM, Maciag G, Guiu J, Müller I, Clement DL, Mueller C, Johansen JV, Helin K, Lerdrup M, Jensen KB. An organoid-based CRISPR-Cas9 screen for regulators of intestinal epithelial maturation and cell fate. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg4055. [PMID: 37436979 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg4055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Generation of functionally mature organs requires exquisite control of transcriptional programs governing cell state transitions during development. Despite advances in understanding the behavior of adult intestinal stem cells and their progeny, the transcriptional regulators that control the emergence of the mature intestinal phenotype remain largely unknown. Using mouse fetal and adult small intestinal organoids, we uncover transcriptional differences between the fetal and adult state and identify rare adult-like cells present in fetal organoids. This suggests that fetal organoids have an inherent potential to mature, which is locked by a regulatory program. By implementing a CRISPR-Cas9 screen targeting transcriptional regulators expressed in fetal organoids, we establish Smarca4 and Smarcc1 as important factors safeguarding the immature progenitor state. Our approach demonstrates the utility of organoid models in the identification of factors regulating cell fate and state transitions during tissue maturation and reveals that SMARCA4 and SMARCC1 prevent precocious differentiation during intestinal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stine L Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, reNEW, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hjalte L Larsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, reNEW, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Laura M Pikkupeura
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Grzegorz Maciag
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, reNEW, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jordi Guiu
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 3a planta, Av. Granvia de l'Hospitalet 199, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Iris Müller
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ditte L Clement
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, reNEW, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Christina Mueller
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jens Vilstrup Johansen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kristian Helin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mads Lerdrup
- The DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kim B Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, reNEW, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ivanov KI, Samuilova OV, Zamyatnin AA. The emerging roles of long noncoding RNAs in lymphatic vascular development and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:197. [PMID: 37407839 PMCID: PMC10322780 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in RNA sequencing technologies helped uncover what was once uncharted territory in the human genome-the complex and versatile world of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Previously thought of as merely transcriptional "noise", lncRNAs have now emerged as essential regulators of gene expression networks controlling development, homeostasis and disease progression. The regulatory functions of lncRNAs are broad and diverse, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are highly variable, acting at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. In recent years, evidence has accumulated to support the important role of lncRNAs in the development and functioning of the lymphatic vasculature and associated pathological processes such as tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis and cancer metastasis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of lncRNAs in regulating the key genes and pathways involved in lymphatic vascular development and disease. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of lncRNAs as novel therapeutic targets and outline possible strategies for the development of lncRNA-based therapeutics to treat diseases of the lymphatic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin I Ivanov
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russian Federation.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Olga V Samuilova
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russian Federation
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lucas K, Melling N, Giannou AD, Reeh M, Mann O, Hackert T, Izbicki JR, Perez D, Grass JK. Lymphatic Mapping in Colon Cancer Depending on Injection Time and Tracing Agent: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Designed Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3196. [PMID: 37370806 PMCID: PMC10296374 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An optimized lymph node yield leads to better survival in colon cancer, but extended lymphadenectomy is not associated with survival benefits. Lymphatic mapping shows several colon cancers feature aberrant drainage pathways inducing local recurrence when not resected. Currently, different protocols exist for lymphatic mapping procedures. This meta-analysis assessed which protocol has the best capacity to detect tumor-draining and possibly metastatic lymph nodes. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, including prospective trials with in vivo tracer application. The risk of bias was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool. Traced lymph nodes, total resected lymph nodes, and aberrant drainage detection rate were analyzed. Fifty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 42 searched for aberrant drainage. While a preoperative tracer injection significantly increased the traced lymph node rates compared to intraoperative tracing (30.1% (15.4, 47.3) vs. 14.1% (11.9, 16.5), p = 0.03), no effect was shown for the tracer used (p = 0.740) or the application sites comparing submucosal and subserosal injection (22.9% (14.1, 33.1) vs. 14.3% (12.1, 16.8), p = 0.07). Preoperative tracer injection resulted in a significantly higher rate of detected aberrant lymph nodes compared to intraoperative injection (26.3% [95% CI 11.5, 44.0] vs. 2.5% [95% CI 0.8, 4.7], p < 0.001). Analyzing 112 individual patient datasets from eight studies revealed a significant impact on aberrant drainage detection for injection timing, favoring preoperative over intraoperative injection (OR 0.050 [95% CI 0.010-0.176], p < 0.001) while indocyanine green presented itself as the superior tracer (OR 0.127 [95% CI 0.018-0.528], p = 0.012). Optimized lymphatic mapping techniques result in significantly higher detection of aberrant lymphatic drainage patterns and thus enable a personalized approach to reducing local recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lucas
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (K.L.); (N.M.); (A.D.G.); (M.R.); (O.M.); (T.H.); (J.R.I.); (D.P.)
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic, Vascular Surgery and Angiology, City Hospital Triemli, Birmensdorferstrasse 497, 8063 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nathaniel Melling
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (K.L.); (N.M.); (A.D.G.); (M.R.); (O.M.); (T.H.); (J.R.I.); (D.P.)
| | - Anastasios D. Giannou
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (K.L.); (N.M.); (A.D.G.); (M.R.); (O.M.); (T.H.); (J.R.I.); (D.P.)
| | - Matthias Reeh
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (K.L.); (N.M.); (A.D.G.); (M.R.); (O.M.); (T.H.); (J.R.I.); (D.P.)
| | - Oliver Mann
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (K.L.); (N.M.); (A.D.G.); (M.R.); (O.M.); (T.H.); (J.R.I.); (D.P.)
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (K.L.); (N.M.); (A.D.G.); (M.R.); (O.M.); (T.H.); (J.R.I.); (D.P.)
| | - Jakob R. Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (K.L.); (N.M.); (A.D.G.); (M.R.); (O.M.); (T.H.); (J.R.I.); (D.P.)
| | - Daniel Perez
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (K.L.); (N.M.); (A.D.G.); (M.R.); (O.M.); (T.H.); (J.R.I.); (D.P.)
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Altona, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 1, 22763 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia K. Grass
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (K.L.); (N.M.); (A.D.G.); (M.R.); (O.M.); (T.H.); (J.R.I.); (D.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Serri C, Cruz-Maya I, Bonadies I, Rassu G, Giunchedi P, Gavini E, Guarino V. Green Routes for Bio-Fabrication in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1744. [PMID: 37376192 PMCID: PMC10300741 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, significant advances in nanotechnologies, rising from increasing knowledge and refining of technical practices in green chemistry and bioengineering, enabled the design of innovative devices suitable for different biomedical applications. In particular, novel bio-sustainable methodologies are developing to fabricate drug delivery systems able to sagely mix properties of materials (i.e., biocompatibility, biodegradability) and bioactive molecules (i.e., bioavailability, selectivity, chemical stability), as a function of the current demands for the health market. The present work aims to provide an overview of recent developments in the bio-fabrication methods for designing innovative green platforms, emphasizing the relevant impact on current and future biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Serri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Iriczalli Cruz-Maya
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d’Oltremare Pad. 20, V.le J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Bonadies
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d’Oltremare Pad. 20, V.le J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d’Oltremare Pad. 20, V.le J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Maisel K, McClain CA, Bogseth A, Thomas SN. Nanotechnologies for Physiology-Informed Drug Delivery to the Lymphatic System. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 25:233-256. [PMID: 37000965 PMCID: PMC10879987 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-092222-034906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Accompanying the increasing translational impact of immunotherapeutic strategies to treat and prevent disease has been a broadening interest across both bioscience and bioengineering in the lymphatic system. Herein, the lymphatic system physiology, ranging from its tissue structures to immune functions and effects, is described. Design principles and engineering approaches to analyze and manipulate this tissue system in nanoparticle-based drug delivery applications are also elaborated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Maisel
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA;
| | - Claire A McClain
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
| | - Amanda Bogseth
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA;
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Juneja P, Sharma A, Shasthry SM, Kumar G, Tripathi DM, Rajan V, Rastogi A, Sarin SK, Kaur S. Podoplanin-positive dilated lymphatic vessels in duodenum associates with three-month mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1045983. [PMID: 37304826 PMCID: PMC10248415 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1045983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated and dysfunctional gut lymphatic vessels (LVs) have been reported in experimental cirrhosis. Here, we studied LVs in duodenal (D2)-biopsies of liver cirrhosis patients and investigated the prognostic role of a LV marker, podoplanin (PDPN), in predicting the mortality of patients with cirrhosis. A prospective, single-center cohort study was performed in liver cirrhosis patients (n = 31) and matched healthy controls (n = 9). D2-biopsies were obtained during endoscopy procedure, immunostained with PDPN, and scored based on 1) intensity and 2) density of positively-stained LVs per high power field. Gut and systemic inflammation were estimated by quantifying duodenal CD3+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), CD68+ macrophages, and serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, respectively. Gut permeability and inflammation as assessed by quantifying gene expression of TJP1, OCLN, TNF-α, and IL-6 in D2-biopsies. Gene expression of LV markers, PDPN (8-fold), and LYVE1 (3-fold) was enhanced in D2-biopsies of cirrhosis patients compared to control (p < 0.0001). The mean PDPN score in decompensated cirrhosis patients (6.91 ± 1.26, p < 0.0001) was significantly increased as compared to those with compensated (3.25 ± 1.60). PDPN score positively and significantly correlated with the number of IELs (r = 0.33), serum TNF-α (r = 0.35), and IL-6 (r = 0.48) levels, while inversely correlated with TJP1 expression (r = -0.46, p < 0.05 each). In Cox regression, the PDPN score was a significant and independent 3-month-mortality predictor in patients (HR: 5.61; 1.08-29.109; p = 0.04). The area under the curve for the PDPN score was 84.2, and cutoff value for predicting mortality was ≥6.5 with 100% sensitivity and 75% specificity. Collectively, dilated LVs with high PDPN expression in D2-biopsies is a characteristic feature of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. PDPN score correlates with enhanced gut and systemic inflammation and also associates with 3-month mortality in cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Juneja
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aarti Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S. M. Shasthry
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Guresh Kumar
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh M. Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - V. Rajan
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiv K. Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Savneet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Kidney disease is associated with adverse consequences in many organs beyond the kidney, including the heart, lungs, brain, and intestines. The kidney-intestinal cross talk involves intestinal epithelial damage, dysbiosis, and generation of uremic toxins. Recent studies reveal that kidney injury expands the intestinal lymphatics, increases lymphatic flow, and alters the composition of mesenteric lymph. The intestinal lymphatics, like blood vessels, are a route for transporting potentially harmful substances generated by the intestines. The lymphatic architecture and actions are uniquely suited to take up and transport large macromolecules, functions that differentiate them from blood vessels, allowing them to play a distinct role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Here, we focus on the mechanisms by which kidney diseases result in deleterious changes in intestinal lymphatics and consider a novel paradigm of a vicious cycle of detrimental organ cross talk. This concept involves kidney injury-induced modulation of intestinal lymphatics that promotes production and distribution of harmful factors, which in turn contributes to disease progression in distant organ systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F., E.L.S., V.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (A.K.)
| | - Hai-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F., E.L.S., V.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Department of Pediatrics (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F., E.L.S., V.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine (A.B.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Elaine L Shelton
- Department of Pediatrics (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F., E.L.S., V.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Valentina Kon
- Department of Pediatrics (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F., E.L.S., V.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Britzen-Laurent N, Weidinger C, Stürzl M. Contribution of Blood Vessel Activation, Remodeling and Barrier Function to Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065517. [PMID: 36982601 PMCID: PMC10051397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) consist of a group of chronic inflammatory disorders with a complex etiology, which represent a clinical challenge due to their often therapy-refractory nature. In IBD, inflammation of the intestinal mucosa is characterized by strong and sustained leukocyte infiltration, resulting in the loss of epithelial barrier function and subsequent tissue destruction. This is accompanied by the activation and the massive remodeling of mucosal micro-vessels. The role of the gut vasculature in the induction and perpetuation of mucosal inflammation is receiving increasing recognition. While the vascular barrier is considered to offer protection against bacterial translocation and sepsis after the breakdown of the epithelial barrier, endothelium activation and angiogenesis are thought to promote inflammation. The present review examines the respective pathological contributions of the different phenotypical changes observed in the microvascular endothelium during IBD, and provides an overview of potential vessel-specific targeted therapy options for the treatment of IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Britzen-Laurent
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Translational Research Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Carl Weidinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ruliffson BNK, Whittington CF. Regulating Lymphatic Vasculature in Fibrosis: Understanding the Biology to Improve the Modeling. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200158. [PMID: 36792967 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis occurs in many chronic diseases with lymphatic vascular insufficiency (e.g., kidney disease, tumors, and lymphedema). New lymphatic capillary growth can be triggered by fibrosis-related tissue stiffening and soluble factors, but questions remain for how related biomechanical, biophysical, and biochemical cues affect lymphatic vascular growth and function. The current preclinical standard for studying lymphatics is animal modeling, but in vitro and in vivo outcomes often do not align. In vitro models can also be limited in their ability to separate vascular growth and function as individual outcomes, and fibrosis is not traditionally included in model design. Tissue engineering provides an opportunity to address in vitro limitations and mimic microenvironmental features that impact lymphatic vasculature. This review discusses fibrosis-related lymphatic vascular growth and function in disease and the current state of in vitro lymphatic vascular models while highlighting relevant knowledge gaps. Additional insights into the future of in vitro lymphatic vascular models demonstrate how prioritizing fibrosis alongside lymphatics will help capture the complexity and dynamics of lymphatics in disease. Overall, this review aims to emphasize that an advanced understanding of lymphatics within a fibrotic disease-enabled through more accurate preclinical modeling-will significantly impact therapeutic development toward restoring lymphatic vessel growth and function in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian N K Ruliffson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd., Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Catherine F Whittington
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd., Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Danan CH, Katada K, Parham LR, Hamilton KE. Spatial transcriptomics add a new dimension to our understanding of the gut. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 324:G91-G98. [PMID: 36472345 PMCID: PMC9870576 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00191.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The profound complexity of the intestinal mucosa demands a spatial approach to the study of gut transcriptomics. Although single-cell RNA sequencing has revolutionized our ability to survey the diverse cell types of the intestine, knowledge of cell type alone cannot fully describe the cells that make up the intestinal mucosa. During homeostasis and disease, dramatic gradients of oxygen, nutrients, extracellular matrix proteins, morphogens, and microbiota collectively dictate intestinal cell state, and only spatial techniques can articulate differences in cellular transcriptomes at this level. Spatial transcriptomic techniques assign transcriptomic data to precise regions in a tissue of interest. In recent years, these protocols have become increasingly accessible, and their application in the intestinal mucosa has exploded in popularity. In the gut, spatial transcriptomics typically involve the application of tissue sections to spatially barcoded RNA sequencing or laser capture microdissection followed by RNA sequencing. In combination with single-cell RNA sequencing, these spatial sequencing approaches allow for the construction of spatial transcriptional maps at pseudosingle-cell resolution. In this review, we describe the spatial transcriptomic technologies recently applied in the gut and the previously unattainable discoveries that they have produced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Danan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kay Katada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Louis R Parham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathryn E Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang S, Chen Y, Guo J, Huang Q. Liposomes for Tumor Targeted Therapy: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032643. [PMID: 36768966 PMCID: PMC9916501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes, the most widely studied nano-drug carriers in drug delivery, are sphere-shaped vesicles consisting of one or more phospholipid bilayers. Compared with traditional drug delivery systems, liposomes exhibit prominent properties that include targeted delivery, high biocompatibility, biodegradability, easy functionalization, low toxicity, improvements in the sustained release of the drug it carries and improved therapeutic indices. In the wake of the rapid development of nanotechnology, the studies of liposome composition have become increasingly extensive. The molecular diversity of liposome composition, which includes long-circulating PEGylated liposomes, ligand-functionalized liposomes, stimuli-responsive liposomes, and advanced cell membrane-coated biomimetic nanocarriers, endows their drug delivery with unique physiological functions. This review describes the composition, types and preparation methods of liposomes, and discusses their targeting strategies in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shile Wang
- The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Jingba Road No. 2, Zhengzhou 450014, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Daxuebei Road No. 40, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yanyu Chen
- The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Jingba Road No. 2, Zhengzhou 450014, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Daxuebei Road No. 40, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jiancheng Guo
- The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Jingba Road No. 2, Zhengzhou 450014, China
| | - Qinqin Huang
- The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Jingba Road No. 2, Zhengzhou 450014, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Daxuebei Road No. 40, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hoang TA, Cao E, Gracia G, Nicolazzo JA, Trevaskis NL. Development and application of a novel cervical lymph collection method to assess lymphatic transport in rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1111617. [PMID: 36744256 PMCID: PMC9895367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1111617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fluids, solutes and immune cells have been demonstrated to drain from the brain and surrounding structures to the cervical lymph vessels and nodes in the neck via meningeal lymphatics, nasal lymphatics and/or lymphatic vessels associated with cranial nerves. A method to cannulate the efferent cervical lymph duct for continuous cervical lymph fluid collection in rodents has not been described previously and would assist in evaluating the transport of molecules and immune cells from the head and brain via the lymphatics, as well as changes in lymphatic transport and lymph composition with different physiological challenges or diseases. Aim: To develop a novel method to cannulate and continuously collect lymph fluid from the cervical lymph duct in rats and to analyze the protein, lipid and immune cell composition of the collected cervical lymph fluid. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were cannulated at the carotid artery with or without cannulation or ligation at the cervical lymph duct. Samples of blood, whole lymph and isolated lipoprotein fractions of lymph were collected and analyzed for lipid and protein composition using commercial kits. Whole lymph samples were centrifuged and isolated pellets were stained and processed for flow cytometry analysis of CD3+, CD4+, CD8a+, CD45R+ (B220) and viable cell populations. Results: Flow rate, phospholipid, triglyceride, cholesterol ester, free cholesterol and protein concentrations in cervical lymph were 0.094 ± 0.014 mL/h, 0.34 ± 0.10, 0.30 ± 0.04, 0.07 ± 0.02, 0.02 ± 0.01 and 16.78 ± 2.06 mg/mL, respectively. Protein was mostly contained within the non-lipoprotein fraction but all lipoprotein types were also present. Flow cytometry analysis of cervical lymph showed that 67.1 ± 7.4% of cells were CD3+/CD4+ T lymphocytes, 5.8 ± 1.6% of cells were CD3+/CD8+ T lymphocytes, and 10.8 ± 4.6% of cells were CD3-/CD45R+ B lymphocytes. The remaining 16.3 ± 4.6% cells were CD3-/CD45- and identified as non-lymphocytes. Conclusion: Our novel cervical lymph cannulation method enables quantitative analysis of the lymphatic transport of immune cells and molecules in the cervical lymph of rats for the first time. This valuable tool will enable more detailed quantitative analysis of changes to cervical lymph composition and transport in health and disease, and could be a valuable resource for discovery of biomarkers or therapeutic targets in future studies.
Collapse
|
38
|
Sakurai Y, Yoshikawa K, Arai K, Kazaoka A, Aoki S, Ito K, Nakai Y, Tange K, Furihata T, Tanaka H, Akita H. siRNA delivery to lymphatic endothelial cells via ApoE-mediated uptake by lipid nanoparticles. J Control Release 2023; 353:125-133. [PMID: 36414194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemically administered lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are complexed with Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in the bloodstream, and the complex is subsequently largely taken up by hepatocytes. Based on a previous report showing that, like blood, lymph fluid also contains ApoE, and that LECs, in turn, expresses a low density-lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which is the receptor responsible for the ApoE-bound LNP, we hypothesized that subcutaneously administered LNPs would be taken up by LECs via an ApoE-LDLR pathway. Our in vitro studies using immortal LECs that we established in a previous study showed that LEC indeed took up LNPs in an ApoE-dependent manner. We then reported on the development of LNPs that target the lymphatic endothelium for in vivo siRNA delivery after subcutaneous administration. The key to success for in vivo LEC targeting is that the surface needs to be modified with a high density of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated lipids with short acyl chains (C14). The LNPs were drained into the lymphatic system, and then accumulated in lymphatic endothelial cells in an ApoE-dependent manner, most likely after the release of the PEG-lipid. Subcutaneous administration of optimized LNPs containing encapsulated siRNA against VEGFR3, a marker of LECs, significantly inhibited the expression of VEGFR3. These findings are the first report of a simple straightforward strategy for targeting lymphatic endothelial cells by using ionizable lipid-formulated LNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sakurai
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Keito Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kenta Arai
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Akira Kazaoka
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kousei Ito
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakai
- DDS Research Laboratory, NOF Corporation, Kanagawa 210-0865, Japan
| | - Kota Tange
- DDS Research Laboratory, NOF Corporation, Kanagawa 210-0865, Japan
| | - Tomomi Furihata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
The Impact of Stem/Progenitor Cells on Lymphangiogenesis in Vascular Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244056. [PMID: 36552820 PMCID: PMC9776475 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels, as the main tube network of fluid drainage and leukocyte transfer, are responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis and pathological repairment. Recently, by using genetic lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing techniques, significant cognitive progress has been made about the impact of stem/progenitor cells during lymphangiogenesis. In the embryonic stage, the lymphatic network is primarily formed through self-proliferation and polarized-sprouting from the lymph sacs. However, the assembly of lymphatic stem/progenitor cells also guarantees the sustained growth of lymphvasculogenesis to obtain the entire function. In addition, there are abundant sources of stem/progenitor cells in postnatal tissues, including circulating progenitors, mesenchymal stem cells, and adipose tissue stem cells, which can directly differentiate into lymphatic endothelial cells and participate in lymphangiogenesis. Specifically, recent reports indicated a novel function of lymphangiogenesis in transplant arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. In the present review, we summarized the latest evidence about the diversity and incorporation of stem/progenitor cells in lymphatic vasculature during both the embryonic and postnatal stages, with emphasis on the impact of lymphangiogenesis in the development of vascular diseases to provide a rational guidance for future research.
Collapse
|
40
|
Adolph TE, Meyer M, Schwärzler J, Mayr L, Grabherr F, Tilg H. The metabolic nature of inflammatory bowel diseases. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:753-767. [PMID: 35906289 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, phenotypically comprising a spectrum of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), spread globally during the westernization of lifestyle and dietary habits over the past few decades. Here, we review experimental and clinical evidence for the metabolic nature of gut inflammation in IBD and delineate distinct parallels to the inflammatory state in metabolic diseases. Experimental evidence indicates that excessive intake of specific macronutrients in a Western diet fuels an inflammatory response in the gut by exploiting sensors of innate immunity and perturbation of gut microbial metabolism. Genetic IBD risk partly affects metabolism and stress signalling of innate immunity, and immunometabolism controls susceptibility to gut inflammation. Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that specific nutrients in the Western diet pose a risk for the development of IBD and a poor disease course. Translational studies in IBD indicate perturbation of energy metabolism in immune cells and perturbation of gut microbial metabolism, which can be shaped by diet. In turn, dietary restriction by exclusive enteral nutrition induces remission in patients with IBD. Collectively, these studies support a metabolic underpinning of gut inflammation in IBD as described for metabolic inflammation in obesity and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Moritz Meyer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julian Schwärzler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lisa Mayr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Grabherr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Effect of the First Feeding on Enterocytes of Newborn Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214179. [PMID: 36430658 PMCID: PMC9699143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcytosis of lipids through enterocytes occurs through the delivery of lipid micelles to the microvilli of enterocytes, consumption of lipid derivates by the apical plasma membrane (PM) and then their delivery to the membrane of the smooth ER attached to the basolateral PM. The SER forms immature chylomicrons (iChMs) in the ER lumen. iChMs are delivered at the Golgi complex (GC) where they are subjected to additional glycosylation resulting in maturation of iChMs. ChMs are secreted into the intercellular space and delivered into the lumen of lymphatic capillaries (LCs). The overloading of enterocytes with lipids induces the formation of lipid droplets inside the lipid bilayer of the ER membranes and transcytosis becomes slower. Here, we examined components of the enterocyte-to-lymphatic barriers in newly born rats before the first feeding and after it. In contrast to adult animals, enterocytes of newborns rats exhibited apical endocytosis and a well-developed subapical endosomal tubular network. These enterocytes uptake membranes from amniotic fluid. Then these membranes are transported across the polarized GC and secreted into the intercellular space. The enterocytes did not contain COPII-coated buds on the granular ER. The endothelium of blood capillaries situated near the enterocytes contained only a few fenestrae. The LCs were similar to those in adult animals. The first feeding induced specific alterations of enterocytes, which were similar to those observed after the lipid overloading of enterocytes in adult rats. Enlarged chylomicrons were stopped at the level of the LAMP2 and Neu1 positive post-Golgi structures, secreted, fused, delivered to the interstitial space, captured by the LCs and transported to the lymph node, inducing the movement of macrophages from lymphatic follicles into its sinuses. The macrophages captured the ChMs, preventing their delivery into the blood.
Collapse
|
42
|
Obesity-associated mesenteric lymph leakage impairs the trafficking of lipids, lipophilic drugs and antigens from the intestine to mesenteric lymph nodes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 180:319-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
43
|
Takahashi K, Abe K, Kubota SI, Fukatsu N, Morishita Y, Yoshimatsu Y, Hirakawa S, Kubota Y, Watabe T, Ehata S, Ueda HR, Shimamura T, Miyazono K. An analysis modality for vascular structures combining tissue-clearing technology and topological data analysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5239. [PMID: 36097010 PMCID: PMC9468184 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood and lymphatic vasculature networks are not yet fully understood even in mouse because of the inherent limitations of imaging systems and quantification methods. This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of the tissue-clearing technology for visualizing blood and lymphatic vessels in adult mouse. Clear, unobstructed brain/body imaging cocktails and computational analysis (CUBIC) enables us to capture the high-resolution 3D images of organ- or area-specific vascular structures. To evaluate these 3D structural images, signals are first classified from the original captured images by machine learning at pixel base. Then, these classified target signals are subjected to topological data analysis and non-homogeneous Poisson process model to extract geometric features. Consequently, the structural difference of vasculatures is successfully evaluated in mouse disease models. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the utility of CUBIC for analysis of vascular structures and presents its feasibility as an analysis modality in combination with 3D images and mathematical frameworks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ko Abe
- Laboratory of Medical Statistics, Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-Kitamachi, Higashi-Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Shimpei I Kubota
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Noriaki Fukatsu
- Division of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Morishita
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshimatsu
- Division of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirakawa
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3125, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Watabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Shogo Ehata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki R Ueda
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Division of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lobov GI, Kosareva ME. Comparative Characterization of Capsule Mechanical Properties in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of Young and Aging Bulls. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022050076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
45
|
Tian X, Zhao K, Teng A, Li Y, Wang W. A rethinking of collagen as tough biomaterials in meat packaging: assembly from native to synthetic. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:957-977. [PMID: 35997287 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Due to the high moisture-associated typical rheology and the changeable and harsh processing conditions in the production process, packaging materials for meat products have higher requirements including a sufficient mechanical strength and proper ductility. Collagen, a highly conserved structural protein consisting of a triple helix of Gly-X-Y repeats, has been proved to be suitable packaging material for meat products. The treated animal digestive tract (i.e. the casing) is the perfect natural packaging material for wrapping meat into sausage. Its thin walls, strong toughness and impact resistance make it the oldest and best edible meat packaging. Collagen casing is another wisdom of meat packaging, which is made by collagen fibers from hide skin, presenting a rapid growth in casing market. To strengthen mechanical strength and barrier behaviors of collagen-based packaging materials, different physical, chemical, and biological cross-linking methods are springing up exuberantly, as well as a variety of reinforcement approaches including nanotechnology. In addition, the rapid development of biomimetic technology also provides a good research idea and means for the promotion of collagen's assembly and relevant mechanical properties. This review can offer some reference on fundamental theory and practical application of collagenous materials in meat products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - KaiXuan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Anguo Teng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chalkidi N, Paraskeva C, Koliaraki V. Fibroblasts in intestinal homeostasis, damage, and repair. Front Immunol 2022; 13:924866. [PMID: 36032088 PMCID: PMC9399414 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.924866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian intestine is a self-renewing tissue that ensures nutrient absorption while acting as a barrier against environmental insults. This is achieved by mature intestinal epithelial cells, the renewing capacity of intestinal stem cells at the base of the crypts, the development of immune tolerance, and the regulatory functions of stromal cells. Upon intestinal injury or inflammation, this tightly regulated mucosal homeostasis is disrupted and is followed by a series of events that lead to tissue repair and the restoration of organ function. It is now well established that fibroblasts play significant roles both in the maintenance of epithelial and immune homeostasis in the intestine and the response to tissue damage mainly through the secretion of a variety of soluble mediators and ligands and the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. In addition, recent advances in single-cell transcriptomics have revealed an unexpected heterogeneity of fibroblasts that comprise distinct cell subsets in normal and inflammatory conditions, indicative of diverse functions. However, there is still little consensus on the number, terminology, and functional properties of these subsets. Moreover, it is still unclear how individual fibroblast subsets can regulate intestinal repair processes and what is their impact on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. In this mini-review, we aim to provide a concise overview of recent advances in the field, that we believe will help clarify current concepts on fibroblast heterogeneity and functions and advance our understanding of the contribution of fibroblasts in intestinal damage and repair.
Collapse
|
47
|
Lymphangiocrine signals are required for proper intestinal repair after cytotoxic injury. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1262-1272.e5. [PMID: 35931034 PMCID: PMC9387209 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium undergoes continuous renewal and has an exceptional capacity to regenerate after injury. Maintenance and proliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are regulated by their surrounding niche, largely through Wnt signaling. However, it remains unclear which niche cells produce signals during different injury states, and the role of endothelial cells (ECs) as a component of the ISC niche during homeostasis and after injury has been underappreciated. Here, we show that lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) reside in proximity to crypt epithelial cells and secrete molecules that support epithelial renewal and repair. LECs are an essential source of Wnt signaling in the small intestine, as loss of LEC-derived Rspo3 leads to a lower number of stem and progenitor cells and hinders recovery after cytotoxic injury. Together, our findings identify LECs as an essential niche component for optimal intestinal recovery after cytotoxic injury.
Collapse
|
48
|
Adaptation to short-term extreme fat consumption alters intestinal lipid handling in male and female mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159208. [PMID: 35926775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine is a highly adaptable organ serving as both a barrier to the external environment and a conduit for nutrient absorption. Enterocytes package dietary triglycerides (TG) into chylomicrons for transport into circulation; the remaining TGs are stored in cytosolic lipid droplets (CLDs). The current study aimed to characterize the impact of diet composition on intestinal lipid handling in male and female wild-type mice. Mice were continued on their grain-based diet (GBD) and switched to a high-fat, high cholesterol Western-style diet (WD) or a ketogenic diet (KD) for 3 or 5 weeks. KD-fed mice displayed significantly higher plasma TG levels in response to an olive oil gavage than WD- and GBD-fed mice; TG levels were ~2-fold higher in male KD-fed mice than female KD-fed mice. Poloxamer-407 experiments revealed enhanced intestinal-TG secretion rates in male mice fed a KD upon olive oil gavage, whereas secretion rates were unchanged in female mice. Surprisingly, jejunal CLD size and TG mass after oil gavage were similar among the groups. At fasting, TG mass was significantly higher in the jejunum of male KD-fed mice and the duodenum of female KD-fed mice, providing increased substrate for chylomicron formation. In addition to greater fasting intestinal TG stores, KD-fed male mice displayed longer small intestinal lengths, while female mice displayed markedly longer jejunal villi lengths. After 5 week of diet, 12 h fasting-2 h refeeding experiments revealed jejunal TG levels were similar between diet groups in male mice; however, in female mice, jejunal TG mass was significantly higher in KD-fed mice compared to GBD- and WD-fed mice. These experiments reveal that KD feeding promotes distinct morphological and functional changes to the small intestine compared to the WD diet. Moreover, changes to intestinal lipid handling in response to carbohydrate and protein restriction manifest differently in male and female mice.
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhu R, Zhang F, Peng Y, Xie T, Wang Y, Lan Y. Current Progress in Cancer Treatment Using Nanomaterials. Front Oncol 2022; 12:930125. [PMID: 35912195 PMCID: PMC9330335 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.930125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological processes of cancer are complex. Current methods used for chemotherapy have various limitations, such as cytotoxicity, multi-drug resistance, stem-like cells growth, and lack of specificity. Several types of nanomaterials are used for cancer treatment. Nanomaterials 1–100 nm in size have special optical, magnetic, and electrical characteristics. Nanomaterials have been fabricated for cancer treatments to overcome cytotoxicity and low specificity, and improve drug capacity and bioavailability. Despite the increasing number of related studies, few nanodrugs have been approved for clinical use. To improve translation of these materials, studies of targeted drug delivery using nanocarriers are needed. Cytotoxicity, enhanced permeability and retention effects, and the protective role of the protein corona remain to be addressed. This mini-review summarizes new nanomaterials manufactured in studies and in clinical use, analyses current barriers preventing their translation to clinical use, and describes the effective application of nanomaterials in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yudong Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Tian Xie, ; Yi Wang, ; Yin Lan,
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Zhongnan of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Tian Xie, ; Yi Wang, ; Yin Lan,
| | - Yin Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Tian Xie, ; Yi Wang, ; Yin Lan,
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Surgical Treatment of Short Bowel Syndrome—The Past, the Present and the Future, a Descriptive Review of the Literature. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9071024. [PMID: 35884008 PMCID: PMC9322125 DOI: 10.3390/children9071024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a devastating disorder with both short- and long-term implications for patients. Unfortunately, the prevalence of SBS has doubled over the past 40 years. Broadly speaking, the etiology of SBS can be categorized as congenital or secondary, the latter typically due to extensive small bowel resection following diseases of the small intestine, e.g., necrotizing enterocolitis, Hirschsprung’s disease or intestinal atresia. As of yet, no cure exists, thus, conservative treatment, primarily parenteral nutrition (PN), is the first-line therapy. In some cases, weaning from PN is not possible and operative therapy is required. The invention of the longitudinal intestinal lengthening and tailoring (LILT or Bianchi) procedure in 1980 was a major step forward in patient care and spawned further techniques that continue to improve lives for patients with severe SBS (e.g., double barrel enteroplasty, serial transverse enteroplasty, etc.). With this review, we aim to provide an overview of the clinical implications of SBS, common conservative therapies and the development of operative techniques over the past six decades. We also provide a short outlook on the future of operative techniques, specifically with respect to regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|