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Chatterjee P, Mishra R, Chawla S, Sonkar AK, De AK, Patra AK. Dual Photoreactive Ternary Ruthenium(II) Terpyridyl Complexes: A Comparative Study on Visible-Light-Induced Single-Step Dissociation of Bidentate Ligands and Generation of Singlet Oxygen. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:14998-15015. [PMID: 39092885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The versatile and tunable ligand-exchange dynamics in ruthenium(II)-polypyridyl complexes imposed by the modulation of the steric and electronic effects of the coordinated ligands provide an unlimited scope for developing phototherapeutic agents. The photorelease of a bidentate ligand from the Ru-center is better suited for potent Ru(II)-based photocytotoxic agents with two available labile sites for cross-linking with biological targets augmented with possible phototriggered 1O2 generation. Herein, we introduced a phenyl-terpyridine (ptpy) ligand in the octahedral Ru(II) core of [Ru(ptpy)(L-L)Cl]+ to induce structural distortion for the possible photorelease of electronically distinct bidentate ligands (L-L). For a systematic study, we designed four Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes: [Ru(ptpy)(L-L)Cl](PF6), ([1]-[4]), where L-L = 1,2-bis(phenylthio)ethane (SPH) [1], N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEN) [2], N1,N2-diphenylethane-1,2-diimine (BPEDI) [3], and bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether (DPE-Phos) [4]. The detailed photochemical studies suggest a single-step dissociation of L-L from the bis-thioether (SPH) complex [1] and diamine (TMEN) complex [2], while no photosubstitution was observed for [3] and [4]. Complex [1] and [2] demonstrated a dual role, involving both photosubstitution and 1O2 generation, while [3] and [4] solely exhibited poor to moderate 1O2 production. The interplay of excited states leading to these behaviors was rationalized from the lifetimes of the 3MLCT excited states by using transient absorption spectroscopy, suggesting intricate relaxation dynamics and 1O2 generation upon excitation. Therefore, the photolabile complexes [1] and [2] could potentially act as dual photoreactive agents via the phototriggered release of L-L (PACT) and/or 1O2-mediated PDT mechanisms, while [4] primarily can be utilized as a PDT agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Ramranjan Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Sakshi Chawla
- Condensed Phase Dynamics Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Avinash Kumar Sonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Arijit K De
- Condensed Phase Dynamics Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Ashis K Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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2
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Lai Y, Zeng Y, Li F, Chen X, Wang T, Guo Q. Wavelength-Dependent Activity of Oxygen Species in Propane Conversion on Rutile TiO 2(110). J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6943-6951. [PMID: 38940377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (C3H8) into propene (C3H6) under mild conditions holds great potential in the chemical industry, but understanding how active species participate in C3H8 conversion remains a significant challenge. Here, the wavelength-dependent activities of bridging oxygen (Ob2-) and the Ti5c-bound oxygen adatom (OTi2-) of model rutile (R) TiO2(110) in C3H8 conversion have been investigated. Under 257 and 343 nm irradiation, hole-trapped OTi- and Ob- can abstract the hydrogen atom of C3H8, forming the CH3CH•CH3 radical and C3H6. However, the rate of C3H8 conversion with hole-trapped Ob- is strongly dependent on the wavelength, primarily producing the C3H7• radical. In the case of hole-trapped OTi-, C3H6 is the main product, which is nearly independent of wavelength. The differences in the wavelength-dependent activity and product selectivity are likely due to dynamic control rather than thermodynamic control. The result provides a deeper understanding of the dynamic processes involved in the conversion of light alkanes in TiO2 photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemiao Lai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Fangliang Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Science Facilities, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qing Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
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Al-Atawi FH, Irfan A, Al-Sehemi AG. Unveiling the potential of TPA-based molecules to tune the optoelectronic properties and enhance the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells. J Mol Model 2024; 30:197. [PMID: 38836952 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The world's energy and environmental requirements are changing due to rapid population growth and industrial growth, and solar cells can be used to meet these demands. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are solar cells in which energy conversion occurs via a process similar to photosynthesis in plants. DSSC development is still in its infancy. DSSCs can operate under cloudy conditions and indirect sunlight and have attracted considerable attention due to their low cost and high efficiency. We designed two metal-free TPA-based dyes (Dye2 and Dye3) based on the reference dye Mg207 (Dye1) by increasing the donor strength of the molecule, as such dyes have shown enhanced efficiency in DSSCs. Moreover, the triphenylamine (TPA) moiety has been demonstrated to be a good donor that prevents charge recombination. Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from the donor to acceptor moiety was found in the sensitizers, and electrons were promoted to the conduction band (CB) of the TiO2 semiconductor. The negative binding energy of the dye@TiO2 clusters indicated that dye adsorption on the semiconductor surface was stable. The double donor increased the electron injection and electronic coupling constants in Dye2 and Dye3, indicating that these newly designed dyes have superior charge injection capacity. Accordingly, the efficiencies of DSSCs with Dye2 and Dye3 were 9.77% and 9.62%, respectively, and substitution with the TPA unit at the -R1 and -R2 positions in Dye1 resulted in better power conversion compared to the parent compound (9.09%). Increased donor strength improved photovoltaic performance by increasing current density and light-harvesting efficiency. This is a good molecular design approach for preparing targeted donor- π -acceptor (D- π -A) organic dyes with high DSSC efficiency. METHODS To predict the charge transport and optoelectronic characteristics of the TPA dyes, quantum chemical calculations were carried out using Gaussian16. The ground-state (S0) optimized geometries of the sensitizers were computed by utilizing DFT at the B3LYP/6-31G** level. The absorption spectra ( λ max) were computed by employing TD-DFT with various functionals (B3LYP, PBE1PBE, CAM-B3LYP, and BHandHLYP) in the gas and solvent (DCM) phases. Among the studied functionals, BHandHLYP was found to be best at successfully reproducing the experimental data. Thus, the absorption spectra of the newly designed dyes and dye@TiO2 were calculated at the BHandHLYP/6-31G** level. The dye@TiO2 cluster optimizations were carried out at the B3LYP/6-31G**(LANL2DZ) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faoz H Al-Atawi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Dickenson JC, Grills DC, Polyansky DE, Meyer GJ. Reductive Dynamic and Static Excited State Quenching of a Homoleptic Ruthenium Complex Bearing Aldehyde Groups. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4242-4251. [PMID: 38760329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
A new homoleptic Ru polypyridyl complex bearing two aldehyde groups on each bipyridine ligand, [Ru(dab)3](PF6)2, where dab is 4,4'-dicarbaldehyde-2,2'-bipyridine, was synthesized, characterized, and utilized for iodide photo-oxidation studies. In acetonitrile (CH3CN) solution, the complex displayed an intense metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorbance maximum at 475 nm (ε = 22,000 M-1 cm-1) and an infrared (IR) band at 1712 cm-1 assigned to the pendent aldehyde groups. Visible light excitation in air-saturated solution resulted in room temperature photoluminescence (PL) with a maximum at 675 nm, a quantum yield, ϕPL = 0.048, and an excited state lifetime, το = 440 ns, from which radiative and nonradiative relaxation rate constants were extracted, kr = 9.1 × 104 s-1 and knr = 1.8 × 106 s-1. Pulsed visible light excitation yielded transient UV-vis and IR absorption spectra consistent with an MLCT excited state; relaxation occurred with the maintenance of two isosbestic points in the visible region, and a lifetime that agreed with that measured by time-resolved PL. Cyclic voltammetry studies in a CH3CN solution with 0.1 M TBAPF6 electrolyte revealed a quasi-reversible oxidation, E°(RuIII/II) = +1.25 V vs. Fc+/0, and three sequential one-electron reductions at -1.10, -1.25, and -1.54 V vs. Fc+/0. An excited state reduction potential of E°(Ru*2+/+) = +0.89 V vs. Fc+/0 was estimated with the Rehm-Weller expression. Titration of tetrabutylammonium iodide, TBAI, into a CD3CN solution of [Ru(dab)3](PF6)2 resulted in significant shifts in the aldehyde H atom and 3,3'-biypridyl resonances that were analyzed with a 1:1 equilibrium model, from which Keq = 460 M-1 was extracted, increasing to 5800 M-1 when the solvent was changed to acetone-d6. Iodide titrations resulted in a significant quenching of the [Ru(dab)3]*2+ lifetime and quantum yield in both CH3CN and acetone solvents. In CH3CN, the quenching was mainly dynamic and well described by the Stern-Volmer model, from which a quenching rate constant, kq, of 4.5 × 1010 M-1 s-1 and an equilibrium constant, Keq, of 8.3 × 103 M-1 were obtained. In acetone, the static quenching pathway by iodide was greatly enhanced, with a Keq of 1.2 × 104 M-1 and a higher kq of 9.2 × 1010 M-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Dickenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - David C Grills
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Dmitry E Polyansky
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Ahmed MS, Nayak SK, Bhavani B, Banerjee D, Prasanthkumar S, Giribabu L, Soma VR, Raavi SSK. Hot carrier dynamics in metalated porphyrin-naphthalimide thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15681-15692. [PMID: 38766760 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00359d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This study employs femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to investigate the rapid dynamics of excited state carriers in three metalated porphyrin-naphthalimide (PN) molecules and one free-base molecule. The dynamics of electron injection, from PN to mesoporous titania (TiO2), in PN adsorbed TiO2 films (Ti-PN), were carefully investigated and compared to PN adsorbed ZrO2 films (Zr-PN). In addition, we examined the self-assembled PN films and found that, in their self-assembled state, these molecules exhibited a longer relaxation time than Zr-PN monomeric films, where the charge injection channel was insignificant. The ground-state bleach band in the Ti-PN films gradually shifted to longer wavelengths, indicating the occurrence of the Stark effect. Faster electron injection was observed for the metalated PN systems and the electron injection times from the various excited states to the conduction band of TiO2 (CB-TiO2) were obtained from the target model analysis of the transient absorption spectra data matrix. In these metal-organic complexes, hot electron injection from PN to CB-TiO2 occurred on a time scale of <360 fs. Importantly, Cu(II)-based PN complexes exhibited faster injection and longer recombination times. The injection times have been estimated to result from a locally excited state at ≈280 fs, a hot singlet excited state at 4.95 ps, and a vibrationally relaxed singlet excited state at 97.88 ps. The critical photophysical and charge injection processes seen here provide the potential for exploring the underlying factors involved and how they correlate with photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Soif Ahmed
- Ultrafast Photophysics and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, Telangana, India.
| | - Sudhanshu Kumar Nayak
- Ultrafast Photophysics and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, Telangana, India.
| | - Botta Bhavani
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dipanjan Banerjee
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), DRDO Industry Academia - Centre of Excellence (DIA-COE), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Seelam Prasanthkumar
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Lingamallu Giribabu
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Venugopal Rao Soma
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), DRDO Industry Academia - Centre of Excellence (DIA-COE), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Sai Santosh Kumar Raavi
- Ultrafast Photophysics and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, Telangana, India.
- Department of Climate Change, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, Telangana, India
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6
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Guo Q, Higashino T, Adachi R, Wechwithayakhlung C, Packwood D, Yamakata A, Imahori H. Suppression of Charge Recombination by Vertical Arrangement of A Donor Moiety on Flat Planar Dyes for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301661. [PMID: 38191798 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
In dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), flat planar dyes (e. g., highly light-harvesting porphyrins and corroles) with multiple anchoring groups are known to adopt a horizontal orientation on TiO2 through the multiple binding to TiO2. Due to the strong electronic coupling between the dye and TiO2, fast charge recombination between the oxidized dye and an electron in TiO2 occurs, lowering the power conversion efficiency (η). To overcome this situation, an additional donor moiety can be placed on top of the planar dye on TiO2 to slow down the undesirable charge recombination. Here we report the synthesis and photovoltaic properties of a triarylamine (TAA)-tethered gold(III) corrole (TAA-AuCor). The DSSC with TAA-AuCor using iodine redox shuttle exhibited the highest η-value among corrole-based DSSCs, which is much higher than that with the reference AuCor. The transient absorption spectroscopies clearly demonstrated that fast electron transfer from the TAA moiety to the corrole radical cation in TAA-AuCor competes with the undesirable charge recombination to generate long-lived charge separated state TAA⋅+-Cor/TiO2⋅- efficiently. Consequently, the introduction of the TAA moiety enhanced the η-value remarkably, demonstrating the usefulness of our new concept to manipulate charge-separated states toward highly efficient DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Higashino
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Rintaro Adachi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Chayanit Wechwithayakhlung
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Daniel Packwood
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Yamakata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Institute for Liberal Arts and Sciences (ILAS), Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8316, Japan
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7
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Chen LX, Yano J. Deciphering Photoinduced Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms in Natural and Artificial Photosynthetic Systems on Multiple Temporal and Spatial Scales Using X-ray Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5421-5469. [PMID: 38663009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Utilization of renewable energies for catalytically generating value-added chemicals is highly desirable in this era of rising energy demands and climate change impacts. Artificial photosynthetic systems or photocatalysts utilize light to convert abundant CO2, H2O, and O2 to fuels, such as carbohydrates and hydrogen, thus converting light energy to storable chemical resources. The emergence of intense X-ray pulses from synchrotrons, ultrafast X-ray pulses from X-ray free electron lasers, and table-top laser-driven sources over the past decades opens new frontiers in deciphering photoinduced catalytic reaction mechanisms on the multiple temporal and spatial scales. Operando X-ray spectroscopic methods offer a new set of electronic transitions in probing the oxidation states, coordinating geometry, and spin states of the metal catalytic center and photosensitizers with unprecedented energy and time resolution. Operando X-ray scattering methods enable previously elusive reaction steps to be characterized on different length scales and time scales. The methodological progress and their application examples collected in this review will offer a glimpse into the accomplishments and current state in deciphering reaction mechanisms for both natural and synthetic systems. Looking forward, there are still many challenges and opportunities at the frontier of catalytic research that will require further advancement of the characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin X Chen
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Wellauer J, Ziereisen F, Sinha N, Prescimone A, Velić A, Meyer F, Wenger OS. Iron(III) Carbene Complexes with Tunable Excited State Energies for Photoredox and Upconversion. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146. [PMID: 38598280 PMCID: PMC11046485 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Substituting precious elements in luminophores and photocatalysts by abundant first-row transition metals remains a significant challenge, and iron continues to be particularly attractive owing to its high natural abundance and low cost. Most iron complexes known to date face severe limitations due to undesirably efficient deactivation of luminescent and photoredox-active excited states. Two new iron(III) complexes with structurally simple chelate ligands enable straightforward tuning of ground and excited state properties, contrasting recent examples, in which chemical modification had a minor impact. Crude samples feature two luminescence bands strongly reminiscent of a recent iron(III) complex, in which this observation was attributed to dual luminescence, but in our case, there is clear-cut evidence that the higher-energy luminescence stems from an impurity and only the red photoluminescence from a doublet ligand-to-metal charge transfer (2LMCT) excited state is genuine. Photoinduced oxidative and reductive electron transfer reactions with methyl viologen and 10-methylphenothiazine occur with nearly diffusion-limited kinetics. Photocatalytic reactions not previously reported for this compound class, in particular the C-H arylation of diazonium salts and the aerobic hydroxylation of boronic acids, were achieved with low-energy red light excitation. Doublet-triplet energy transfer (DTET) from the luminescent 2LMCT state to an anthracene annihilator permits the proof of principle for triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion based on a molecular iron photosensitizer. These findings are relevant for the development of iron complexes featuring photophysical and photochemical properties competitive with noble-metal-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Wellauer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Ziereisen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Narayan Sinha
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ajdin Velić
- University
of Göttingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- University
of Göttingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Sun L, Yuan Y, He X, Zhan W, Li D, Zhao Y, Wang XJ, Han X. Hollow anatase TiO 2 tetrakaidecahedral crystals with an active {001}/{110} redox interface toward high-performance photocatalytic activity. Chem Sci 2024; 15:692-700. [PMID: 38179522 PMCID: PMC10762932 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04328b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The existence of the oxidation/reduction interface can promote the performance of a photocatalyst, due to its effect on the separation of photogenerated carriers and the surface reactivity. However, it is difficult to construct two sets of oxidation/reduction interfaces in a single crystal and compare their separation efficiency for photogenerated carriers. Introducing a high proportion of active facets into the co-exposed facets is even more challenging. Herein, a hollow anatase TiO2 tetrakaidecahedron (HTT) with two sets of oxidation/reduction interfaces ({001}/{101} and {001}/{110}) is synthesized by directional chemical etching. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that the {001}/{110} interface is a dominant oxidation/reduction interface, showing a better promotion on the separation of photogenerated carriers than the {001}/{101} interface. In the HTT, the ratio of dominant {001}/(110) is increased and the proportion of the active {110} facet is about 40% (generally about 15%). Therefore, the HTT shows excellent catalytic activity for photocatalytic reductive (hydrogen production) and oxidative (selective oxidation of sulfides) reactions. The HTT also demonstrates favorable photocatalytic activity for the cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction, where both photogenerated electrons and photogenerated holes are involved, further verifying its high separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers and surface reactivity. This work provides an important guideline for developing advanced structures with a predetermined interface toward desired applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Yaya Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Zhan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Xiao-Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Xiguang Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
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10
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Ouyang B, Wei D, Wu B, Yan L, Gang H, Cao Y, Chen P, Zhang T, Wang H. In the View of Electrons Transfer and Energy Conversion: The Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Metal-Based Nanomaterials and Their Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2303153. [PMID: 37721195 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic and excessive use of antibiotics have raised concerns about environmental health, and efforts are being made to develop alternative bactericidal agents for disinfection. Metal-based nanomaterials and their derivatives have emerged as promising candidates for antibacterial agents due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, environmental friendliness, and excellent biocompatibility. However, the reported antibacterial mechanisms of these materials are complex and lack a comprehensive understanding from a coherent perspective. To address this issue, a new perspective is proposed in this review to demonstrate the toxic mechanisms and antibacterial activities of metal-based nanomaterials in terms of energy conversion and electron transfer. First, the antimicrobial mechanisms of different metal-based nanomaterials are discussed, and advanced research progresses are summarized. Then, the biological intelligence applications of these materials, such as biomedical implants, stimuli-responsive electronic devices, and biological monitoring, are concluded based on trappable electrical signals from electron transfer. Finally, current improvement strategies, future challenges, and possible resolutions are outlined to provide new insights into understanding the antimicrobial behaviors of metal-based materials and offer valuable inspiration and instructional suggestions for building future intelligent environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baixue Ouyang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Dun Wei
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Bichao Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Lvji Yan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Haiying Gang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yiyun Cao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Tingzheng Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Haiying Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
- School of Metallurgy and Environment and Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South, University, Changsha, 410083, China
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11
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Buttarazzi E, Perrella F, Rega N, Petrone A. Watching the Interplay between Photoinduced Ultrafast Charge Dynamics and Nuclear Vibrations. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:8751-8766. [PMID: 37991892 PMCID: PMC10720350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Here is presented the ultrafast hole-electron dynamics of photoinduced metal to ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) states in a Ru(II) complex, [Ru(dcbpy)2(NCS)2]4- (dcbpy = 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine), a photoactive molecule employed in dye sensitized solar cells. Via cutting-edge computational techniques, a tailored computational protocol is here presented and developed to provide a detailed analysis of the electronic manifold coupled with nuclear vibrations to better understand the nonradiative pathways and the resulting overall dye performances in light-harvesting processes (electron injection). Thus, the effects of different vibrational modes were investigated on both the electronic levels and charge transfer dynamics through a theoretical-computational approach. First, the linear response time-dependent density functional (LR-TDDFT) formalism was employed to characterize excitation energies and spacing among electronic levels (the electronic layouts). Then, to understand the ultrafast (femtosecond) charge dynamics on the molecular scale, we relied on the nonperturbative mean-field quantum electronic dynamics via real-time (RT-) TDDFT. Three vibrational modes were selected, representative for collective nuclear movements that can have a significant influence on the electronic structure: two involving NCS- ligands and one involving dcbpy ligands. As main results, we observed that such MLCT states, under vibrational distortions, are strongly affected and a faster interligand electron transfer mechanism is observed along with an increasing MLCT character of the adiabatic electronic states approaching closer in energy due to the vibrations. Such findings can help both in providing a molecular picture of multidimensional vibro-electronic spectroscopic techniques, used to characterize ultrafast coherent and noncoherent dynamics of complex systems, and to improve dye performances with particular attention to the study of energy or charge transport processes and vibronic couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Buttarazzi
- Scuola
Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fulvio Perrella
- Scuola
Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nadia Rega
- Scuola
Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario
di Monte S. Angelo ed. 6, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessio Petrone
- Scuola
Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario
di Monte S. Angelo ed. 6, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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12
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Sahoo A, Bar M, Biswas R, Abedin T, Baitalik S. Modulation of ground and excited state properties of ruthenium complexes through sequential incorporation of metal into a polypyridyl-imidazole bridging ligand. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15896-15906. [PMID: 37840479 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02757k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
A polypyridyl-imidazole-based bridging ligand, 2-(4-(4,5-di(pyridine-2-yl)-1H-imidazole-2-yl)phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (phen-H2PhImz-bpy), possessing three bidentate coordinating sites, has been designed in this work. The bridging ligand is employed to synthesize mono-, bi-, and trimetallic Ru(II) complexes in combination with terminal bipyridine units for the systematic modulation of photophysical and redox properties upon sequential incorporation of the metal unit into the bridge. All the compounds are characterized via NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Absorption and both steady-state and time-resolved emission spectroscopic investigations of the ligand as well as Ru(II) complexes are thoroughly conducted in different solvents. The redox behaviors of the complexes are examined through cyclic voltammetry (CV) in acetonitrile. The focus of the investigation is centered on the systematic modulation of MLCT absorption and emission as well as the redox behavior of the complex entity upon the gradual incorporation of the Ru2+ unit into the complex backbone. The emission energy, quantum yield and lifetime are found to decrease systematically with an increase in the Ru2+ unit in the complex backbone and a linear relationship is observed in each case. A good correlation is also observed between the emission energies of complexes with their respective ΔE1/2 values (the difference between the first oxidation and first reduction potential).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Sahoo
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Manoranjan Bar
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Raju Biswas
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Tuhin Abedin
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Sujoy Baitalik
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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13
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Garcia-Orrit S, Vega-Mayoral V, Chen Q, Serra G, Paternò GM, Cánovas E, Narita A, Müllen K, Tommasini M, Cabanillas-González J. Nanographene-Based Decoration as a Panchromatic Antenna for Metalloporphyrin Conjugates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301596. [PMID: 37329205 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrins, a type of heterocyclic aromatic compounds consisting of tetrapyrroles connected by four substituted methine groups, are appealing building blocks for solar energy applications. However, their photosensitization capability is limited by their large optical energy gap, which results in a mismatch in absorption toward efficient harvesting of the solar spectrum. Porphyrin π-extension by edge-fusing with nanographenes can be employed for narrowing their optical energy gap from 2.35 to 1.08 eV, enabling the development of porphyrin-based panchromatic dyes with an optimized energy onset for solar energy conversion in dye-sensitized solar fuel and solar cell configurations. By combining time-dependent density functional theory with fs transient absorption spectroscopy, it is found that the primary singlets, which are delocalized across the entire aromatic part, are transferred into metal centred triplets in only 1.2 ps; and subsequently, relax toward ligand-delocalized triplets. This observation implies that the decoration of the porphyrin moiety with nanographenes, while having a large impact on the absorption onset of the novel dye, promotes the formation of a ligand-centred lowest triplet state of large spatial extension, potentially interesting for boosting interactions with electron scavengers. These results reveal a design strategy for broadening the applicability of porphyrin-based dyes in optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saül Garcia-Orrit
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Victor Vega-Mayoral
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gianluca Serra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M Paternò
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Enrique Cánovas
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Juan Cabanillas-González
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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14
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Kandoth N, Chaudhary SP, Gupta S, Raksha K, Chatterjee A, Gupta S, Karuthedath S, De Castro CSP, Laquai F, Pramanik SK, Bhattacharyya S, Mallick AI, Das A. Multimodal Biofilm Inactivation Using a Photocatalytic Bismuth Perovskite-TiO 2-Ru(II)polypyridyl-Based Multisite Heterojunction. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37228184 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bacterial biofilms are recalcitrant to most antibiotics compared to their planktonic version, and the lack of appropriate therapeutic strategies for mitigating them poses a serious threat to clinical treatment. A ternary heterojunction material derived from a Bi-based perovskite-TiO2 hybrid and a [Ru(2,2'-bpy)2(4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bpy)]2+ (2,2'-bpy, 2,2'-bipyridyl) as a photosensitizer (RuPS) is developed. This hybrid material is found to be capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) upon solar light irradiation. The aligned band edges and effective exciton dynamics between multisite heterojunctions are established by steady-state/time-resolved optical and other spectroscopic studies. Proposed mechanistic pathways for the photocatalytic generation of ROS/RNS are rationalized based on a cascade-redox processes arising from three catalytic centers. These ROS/RNS are utilized to demonstrate a proof-of-concept in treating two elusive bacterial biofilms while maintaining a high level of biocompatibility (IC50 > 1 mg/mL). The in situ generation of radical species (ROS/RNS) upon photoirradiation is established with EPR spectroscopic measurements and colorimetric assays. Experimental results showed improved efficacy toward biofilm inactivation of the ternary heterojunction material as compared to their individual/binary counterparts under solar light irradiation. The multisite heterojunction formation helped with better exciton delocalization for an efficient catalytic biofilm inactivation. This was rationalized based on the favorable exciton dissociation followed by the onset of multiple oxidation and reduction sites in the ternary heterojunction. This together with exceptional photoelectric features of lead-free halide perovskites outlines a proof-of-principle demonstration in biomedical optoelectronics addressing multimodal antibiofilm/antimicrobial modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noufal Kandoth
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Sonu Pratap Chaudhary
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Subhadeep Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Kumari Raksha
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Atin Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Shresth Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Safakath Karuthedath
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine S P De Castro
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumit Kumar Pramanik
- CSIR─Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Sayan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Amirul Islam Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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15
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Duan C, Nandy A, Terrones GG, Kastner DW, Kulik HJ. Active Learning Exploration of Transition-Metal Complexes to Discover Method-Insensitive and Synthetically Accessible Chromophores. JACS AU 2023; 3:391-401. [PMID: 36873700 PMCID: PMC9976347 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal chromophores with earth-abundant transition metals are an important design target for their applications in lighting and nontoxic bioimaging, but their design is challenged by the scarcity of complexes that simultaneously have well-defined ground states and optimal target absorption energies in the visible region. Machine learning (ML) accelerated discovery could overcome such challenges by enabling the screening of a larger space but is limited by the fidelity of the data used in ML model training, which is typically from a single approximate density functional. To address this limitation, we search for consensus in predictions among 23 density functional approximations across multiple rungs of "Jacob's ladder". To accelerate the discovery of complexes with absorption energies in the visible region while minimizing the effect of low-lying excited states, we use two-dimensional (2D)efficient global optimization to sample candidate low-spin chromophores from multimillion complex spaces. Despite the scarcity (i.e., ∼0.01%) of potential chromophores in this large chemical space, we identify candidates with high likelihood (i.e., >10%) of computational validation as the ML models improve during active learning, representing a 1000-fold acceleration in discovery. Absorption spectra of promising chromophores from time-dependent density functional theory verify that 2/3 of candidates have the desired excited-state properties. The observation that constituent ligands from our leads have demonstrated interesting optical properties in the literature exemplifies the effectiveness of our construction of a realistic design space and active learning approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenru Duan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Aditya Nandy
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gianmarco G. Terrones
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David W. Kastner
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heather J. Kulik
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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16
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Kim HK. Redox Shuttle-Based Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Comprehensive Guidance, Recent Progress, and Future Perspective. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6139-6163. [PMID: 36844550 PMCID: PMC9948191 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A redox electrolyte is a crucial part of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which plays a significant role in the photovoltage and photocurrent of the DSSCs through efficient dye regeneration and minimization of charge recombination. An I-/I3 - redox shuttle has been mostly utilized, but it limits the open-circuit voltage (V oc) to 0.7-0.8 V. To improve the V oc value, an alternative redox shuttle with more positive redox potential is required. Thus, by utilizing cobalt complexes with polypyridyl ligands, a significant power conversion efficiency (PCE) of above 14% with a high V oc of up to 1 V under 1-sun illumination was achieved. Recently, the V oc of a DSSC has exceeded 1 V with a PCE of around 15% by using Cu-complex-based redox shuttles. The PCE of over 34% in DSSCs under ambient light by using these Cu-complex-based redox shuttles also proves the potential for the commercialization of DSSCs in indoor applications. However, most of the developed highly efficient porphyrin and organic dyes cannot be used for the Cu-complex-based redox shuttles due to their higher positive redox potentials. Therefore, the replacement of suitable ligands in Cu complexes or an alternative redox shuttle with a redox potential of 0.45-0.65 V has been required to utilize the highly efficient porphyrin and organic dyes. As a consequence, for the first time, the proposed strategy for a PCE enhancement of over 16% in DSSCs with a suitable redox shuttle is made by finding a superior counter electrode to enhance the fill factor and a suitable near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing dye for cosensitization with the existing dyes to further broaden the light absorption and enhance the short-circuit current density (J sc) value. This review comprehensively analyzes the redox shuttles and redox-shuttle-based liquid electrolytes for DSSCs and gives recent progress and perspectives.
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17
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Perrella F, Li X, Petrone A, Rega N. Nature of the Ultrafast Interligands Electron Transfers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. JACS AU 2023; 3:70-79. [PMID: 36711100 PMCID: PMC9875239 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Charge-transfer dynamics and interligand electron transfer (ILET) phenomena play a pivotal role in dye-sensitizers, mostly represented by the Ru-based polypyridyl complexes, for TiO2 and ZnO-based solar cells. Starting from metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited states, charge dynamics and ILET can influence the overall device efficiency. In this letter, we focus on N34- dye ( [Ru(dcbpy)2(NCS)2]4-, dcbpy = 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine) to provide a first direct observation with high time resolution (<20 fs) of the ultrafast electron exchange between bpy-like ligands. ILET is observed in water solution after photoexcitation in the ∼400 nm MLCT band, and assessment of its ultrafast time-scale is here given through a real-time electronic dynamics simulation on the basis of state-of-the-art electronic structure methods. Indirect effects of water at finite temperature are also disentangled by investigating the system in a symmetric gas-phase structure. As main result, remarkably, the ILET mechanism appears to be based upon a purely electronic evolution among the dense, experimentally accessible, MLCT excited states manifold at ∼400 nm, which rules out nuclear-electronic couplings and proves further the importance of the dense electronic manifold in improving the efficiency of dye sensitizers in solar cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Perrella
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alessio Petrone
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Scuola
Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo ed.
6, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nadia Rega
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Scuola
Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo ed.
6, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- CRIB,
Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sui Biomateriali, Piazzale Tecchio 80, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
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18
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Perrella F, Petrone A, Rega N. Understanding Charge Dynamics in Dense Electronic Manifolds in Complex Environments. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:626-639. [PMID: 36602443 PMCID: PMC9878732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced charge transfer (CT) excited states and their relaxation mechanisms can be highly interdependent on the environment effects and the consequent changes in the electronic density. Providing a molecular interpretation of the ultrafast (subpicosecond) interplay between initial photoexcited states in such dense electronic manifolds in condensed phase is crucial for improving and understanding such phenomena. Real-time time-dependent density functional theory is here the method of choice to observe the charge density, explicitly propagated in an ultrafast time domain, along with all time-dependent properties that can be easily extracted from it. A designed protocol of analysis for real-time electronic dynamics to be applied to time evolving electronic density related properties to characterize both in time and in space CT dynamics in complex systems is here introduced and validated, proposing easy to be read cross-correlation maps. As case studies to test such tools, we present the photoinduced charge-transfer electronic dynamics of 5-benzyluracil, a mimic of nucleic acid/protein interactions, and the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer electronic dynamics in water solution of [Ru(dcbpy)2(NCS)2]4-, dcbpy = (4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine), or "N34-", a dye sensitizer for solar cells. Electrostatic and explicit ab initio treatment of solvent molecules have been compared in the latter case, revealing the importance of the accurate modeling of mutual solute-solvent polarization on CT kinetics. We observed that explicit quantum mechanical treatment of solvent slowed down the charge carriers mobilities with respect to the gas-phase. When all water molecules were modeled instead as simpler embedded point charges, the electronic dynamics appeared enhanced, with a reduced hole-electron distance and higher mean velocities due to the close fixed charges and an artificially increased polarization effect. Such analysis tools and the presented case studies can help to unveil the influence of the electronic manifold, as well as of the finite temperature-induced structural distortions and the environment on the ultrafast charge motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Perrella
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di
M.S. Angelo, via Cintia 21, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessio Petrone
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di
M.S. Angelo, via Cintia 21, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
- Scuola
Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138, Napoli, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo ed. 6, via Cintia, 80126, Napoli, Italia
| | - Nadia Rega
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di
M.S. Angelo, via Cintia 21, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
- Scuola
Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138, Napoli, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo ed. 6, via Cintia, 80126, Napoli, Italia
- CRIB,
Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sui Biomateriali, Piazzale Tecchio 80, I-80125, Napoli, Italy
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19
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P. Remli URR, Abd Aziz A, Sim LC, Monir MU, Leong KH. Photocatalytic applications of carbon quantum dots for wastewater treatment. CARBON QUANTUM DOTS FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AND OPTOELECTRONICS 2023:263-294. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-90895-5.00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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20
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Beedri N, Mokashi VB, Mahadik SA, Pathan HM, Salunke-Gawali S. Naphthoquinoneoxime-Sensitized Titanium Dioxide Photoanodes: Photoelectrochemical Properties. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41519-41530. [PMID: 36406555 PMCID: PMC9670268 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Naphthoquinoneoxime derivatives, viz., LwOx, 3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxyimino)naphthalen-1 (4H)-one; PthOx, 3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-methylnaphthalen-1(4H)-one; and Cl_LwOx, 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxyimino)naphthalen-1(4H)-one, are used in fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the sensitizers were studied. The HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of the sensitizers (LwOx, PthOx, and Cl_LwOx) calculated by using the intersection of UV-visible and fluorescence spectra are 2.85, 2.71, and 2.87 eV, respectively. The energy band alignment energy level of the sensitizer, that is, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), should match with the energy level of the TiO2 conduction band and the redox potential of iodine/triiodide electrolyte to allow smooth electron transfer. The electrochemical characterization of sensitizers was done to find the LUMO and HOMO level of the sensitizer. It shows that the LUMO level of (LwOx, PthOx, and Cl_LwOx) is above the conduction band position of TiO2. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to study the charge transport resistance and electron lifetime of DSSCs. The charge transport resistance at the TiO2 |electrolyte|counter electrode interface was reduced in the Cl_LwOx device; thus, the electron lifetime of Cl_LwOx was enhanced compared to LwOx and PthOx sensitizers. The fabricated device was characterized using photocurrent density-voltage (J-V) measurement. It is observed that there was an enhancement in the overall power conversion efficiency (η) of the DSSCs fabricated by using Cl_LwOx sensitizers as compared to LwOx and PthOx sensitizer-loaded photoanodes. Enhancement in power conversion efficiency, that is, photovoltage and photocurrent, is achieved due to the chlorine substituent. Thus, the chlorine substituent naphthoquinoneoxime pushes the electron density, enhancing the pushing nature and facilitating the lone pair present in the N-OH moiety to attach to TiO2 more strongly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyamat
I. Beedri
- Department
of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune411 007, India
| | - Vivek B. Mokashi
- Department
of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune411 007, India
| | - Sharad A. Mahadik
- Department
of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune411 007, India
| | - Habib M. Pathan
- Advanced
Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune411 007, India
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21
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Curtin GM, Jakubikova E. Extended π-Conjugated Ligands Tune Excited-State Energies of Iron(II) Polypyridine Dyes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18850-18860. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. Curtin
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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22
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Shimamura T, Yoshimura N, Otsuka H, Yoshida M, Kobayashi A. Efficient water reduction by ruthenium-picolinate dye-sensitized photocatalyst under red light illumination. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Wei YC, Hsu LY. Cavity-Free Quantum-Electrodynamic Electron Transfer Reactions. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9695-9702. [PMID: 36219782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Richard Feynman stated that "The theory behind chemistry is quantum electrodynamics". However, harnessing quantum-electrodynamic (QED) effects to modify chemical reactions is a grand challenge and currently has only been reported in experiments using cavities due to the limitation of strong light-matter coupling. In this article, we demonstrate that QED effects can significantly enhance the rate of electron transfer (ET) by several orders of magnitude in the absence of cavities, which is implicitly supported by experimental reports. To understand how cavity-free QED effects are involved in ET reactions, we incorporate the effect of infinite one-photon states into Marcus theory, derive an explicit expression for the rate of radiative ET, and develop the concept of "electron transfer overlap". Moreover, QED effects may lead to a barrier-free ET reaction whose rate is dependent on the energy-gap power law. This study thus provides new insights into fundamental chemical principles, with promising prospects for QED-based chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Wei
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yan Hsu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
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24
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Păușescu I, Todea A, Dreavă DM, Boboescu T, Pațcan B, Pațcan L, Albulescu D, Badea V, Peter F, Tőtős R, Ursu D, Szolga L, Medeleanu M. Experimental and Computational Studies on Bio-Inspired Flavylium Salts as Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6985. [PMID: 36234326 PMCID: PMC9572272 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Six new bio-inspired flavylium salts were synthesized and investigated by a combined computational and experimental study for dye-sensitized solar cell applications. The compounds were characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, NMR spectroscopy, and LC-MS spectrometry techniques. The pH-dependent photochromic properties of the flavylium dyes were investigated through a UV-Vis spectroscopy study and revealed that they follow the same network of chemical reactions as anthocyanins upon pH changes. The structural and electronic properties of the dyes were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). Geometry optimization calculation revealed that all dyes, regardless of the specie, flavylium cations or quinoidal bases, present a planar geometry. The photovoltaic performances of the dyes, in both flavylium and quinoidal base forms, were evaluated by the HOMO and LUMO energies and by calculating the light-harvesting efficiencies, the free energy change of electron injection, and the free energy change regeneration. The MO analysis showed that all dyes can inject electrons into the conduction band of the TiO2 upon excitation and that the redox couple can regenerate the oxidized dyes. The results obtained for the free energy change of electron injection suggest that the quinoidal bases should inject electrons into the semiconductor more efficiently than the flavylium cations. The values for the free energy change regeneration showed that the redox electrolyte can easily regenerate all dyes. Dipole moment analysis was also performed. DSSCs based on the dyes, in both flavylium and quinoidal base forms, were assembled, and their photovoltaic performances were evaluated by measuring the open-circuit voltage, the short circuit current density, the fill factor, and the energy conversion efficiency. Results obtained by both experimental and computational studies showed that the overall performances of the DSSCs with the quinoidal forms were better than those obtained with the flavylium cations dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Păușescu
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University of Timişoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anamaria Todea
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University of Timişoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Diana-Maria Dreavă
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University of Timişoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Tania Boboescu
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University of Timişoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bianca Pațcan
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University of Timişoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Larisa Pațcan
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University of Timişoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daiana Albulescu
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University of Timişoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
- National Institute of Research and Development for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Dr A. Păunescu Podeanu 144, 300569 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Valentin Badea
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University of Timişoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Francisc Peter
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University of Timişoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Róbert Tőtős
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes Bolyai University, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel Ursu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Dr A. Păunescu Podeanu 144, 300569 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lorant Szolga
- Optoelectronics Group, Base of Electronics Department, ETTI, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Str., 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Medeleanu
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University of Timişoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
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25
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Singh A, Srivastava D, Gosavi SW, Chauhan R, Ashokkumar M, Albalwi AN, Muddassir M, Kumar A. A double co-sensitization strategy using heteroleptic transition metal ferrocenyl dithiocarbamate phenanthrolene-dione for enhancing the performance of N719-based DSSCs. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28088-28097. [PMID: 36320265 PMCID: PMC9527572 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05601a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new heteroleptic dithiocarbamate complexes with formula [M(Phen-dione)(Fcdtc)]PF6 (where M = Ni(ii) Ni-Fc, Cu(ii) Cu-Fc) and [Co(Phen-dione)(Fcdtc)2]PF6 (Co-Fc) (Fcdtc = N-ethanol-N-methylferrocene dithiocarbamate and Phen-dione = 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione; PF6 - = hexafluorophosphate) were synthesized and characterized using microanalysis, FTIR, electronic absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The solution state electronic absorption spectroscopy for all three complexes displayed a band at ∼430 nm corresponding to the ferrocene unit and another low-intensity band in the visible region arising because of the d-d transitions. These newly synthesized complexes were used as co-sensitizers for the state-of-the-art di-tetrabutylammonium cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(ii) (N719) dye in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Among the three co-sensitizers/co-adsorbent-based DSSC set-ups, the assembly fabricated using Co-Fc/N719 displayed good photovoltaic performance with 5.31% efficiency (η) while a new triple component strategy inculcating N719, Co-Fc and Cu-Fc dyes offered the best photovoltaic performance with 6.05% efficiency (η) with incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 63%. This indicated an upliftment of the DSSC performance by ∼38% in comparison to the set-up constructed by employing only N719 dye (η = 4.39%) under similar experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr Rammanohar Lohia Awadh University Ayodhya-224001 India
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow Lucknow 226 007 India
| | - Devyani Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow Lucknow 226 007 India
| | - Suresh W Gosavi
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune-411007 India
| | - Ratna Chauhan
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune-411007 India
| | | | - Awad Naseer Albalwi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Muddassir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow Lucknow 226 007 India
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26
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Yan Y, Shen G, Song R, Hong K. Dual-electron-enhanced effect in K-doped MoS 2 few layers for high electrocatalytic activity as the counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10857-10860. [PMID: 36074730 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04021b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Designing counter electrodes (CEs) with high efficiency and understanding the mechanism of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are still challenges. In this paper, we synthesized K-doped molybdenum disulfide (K-MoS2) with few layers and it has a great enhancement effect on the electrocatalytic activity compared to pure MoS2 CE and reference Pt CE. A dual electron-path model is proposed to explain the mechanism, which is supported by first-principles calculations. When an electron in MoS2 is transferred to the triiodide, the K atoms can act as an electron reservoir to provide another electron in a short time to improve the catalytic activity. So the proposed dual-electron effect in this paper is helpful to understand the charge transfer mechanism on the interfaces of these CEs and may be crucial for obtaining high photoelectric efficiencies in DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Yan
- School of Physics, Southeast University, 211189, Nanjing, China.
| | - Gang Shen
- School of Physics, Southeast University, 211189, Nanjing, China.
| | - Rui Song
- Department of General Education, Army Engineering University of PLA, 211101, Nanjing, China.
| | - Kunquan Hong
- School of Physics, Southeast University, 211189, Nanjing, China.
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27
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Zhao S, Liu Q, Cao J. Improving the performance of DSSCs by modulating the electron donor and electron acceptor of dye molecules with the DTPBT group as π-bridge. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2123749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Zhao
- Faculty of Science, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Faculty of Science, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiameng Cao
- Faculty of Science, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Mashraqui SH, Chilekar A, Mestri R, Upadhyay J, Badani P, Nemala SS, Bhargava P. New Metal free Organic Dyes incorporating Heterocyclic Benzofuran core as Conjugation spacer: Synthesis, Opto‐electrochemical,
DFT
and
DSSC
studies. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Purav Badani
- Department of Chemistry University of Mumbai India
| | - Siva Sankar Nemala
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering & Material Science Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India
| | - Parag Bhargava
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering & Material Science Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India
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29
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Mahmoud SE, Fadda AA, Abdel-Latif E, Elmorsy MR. Synthesis of Novel Triphenylamine-Based Organic Dyes with Dual Anchors for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:71. [PMID: 35927533 PMCID: PMC9352838 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new series of metal-free organic dyes (SM1-5) with dual anchors are synthesized for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Here, a simple triphenylamine (TPA) moiety serves as the electron donor, while di-cyanoacrylamide and di-thiazolidine-5-one units serve as the electron acceptors and anchoring groups. To understand the effect of dye structure on the photovoltaic characteristics of DSSCs, the photophysical and electrochemical properties, as well as molecular geometries calculated from density functional theory (DFT), are used for dyes SM1-5. The extinction coefficients of the organic dyes SM1-5 are high (5.36-9.54 104 M-1 cm-1), indicating a high aptitude for light harvesting. The photovoltaic studies indicated that using dye SM4 as a sensitizer showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.09% (JSC = 14.13 mA cm-2, VOC = 0.624 V, FF = 68.89%). Interestingly, SM4 showed the highest values of VOC among all dyes, including N-719, due to its maximum dye coverage on the TiO2 surface, enhancing charge recombination resistance in the sensitized cell. The good agreement between the theoretically and experimentally obtained data indicates that the energy functional and basis set employed in this study can be successfully utilized to predict new photosensitizers' absorption spectra with great precision before synthesis. Also, these results show that bi-anchoring molecules have a lot of potentials to improve the overall performance of dye-sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar E Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Fadda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ehab Abdel-Latif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Elmorsy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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30
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Bürgin TH, Glaser F, Wenger OS. Shedding Light on the Oxidizing Properties of Spin-Flip Excited States in a Cr III Polypyridine Complex and Their Use in Photoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14181-14194. [PMID: 35913126 PMCID: PMC9376921 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The photoredox activity of well-known RuII complexes
stems from metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states,
in which a ligand-based electron can initiate chemical reductions
and a metal-centered hole can trigger oxidations. CrIII polypyridines show similar photoredox properties, although they
have fundamentally different electronic structures. Their photoactive
excited state is of spin-flip nature, differing from the electronic
ground state merely by a change of one electron spin, but with otherwise
identical d-orbital occupancy. We find that the driving-force dependence
for photoinduced electron transfer from 10 different donors to a spin-flip
excited state of a CrIII complex is very similar to that
for a RuII polypyridine, and thereby validate the concept
of estimating the redox potential of d3 spin-flip excited
states in analogous manner as for the MLCT states of d6 compounds. Building on this insight, we use our CrIII complex for photocatalytic reactions not previously explored with
this compound class, including the aerobic bromination of methoxyaryls,
oxygenation of 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethylene, aerobic hydroxylation
of arylboronic acids, and the vinylation of N-phenyl
pyrrolidine. This work contributes to understanding the fundamental
photochemical properties of first-row transition-metal complexes in
comparison to well-explored precious-metal-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias H Bürgin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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31
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Sakr MAS, Kana MTHA. 1,2,4-Triazine-based Materials: Spectroscopic Investigation, DFT, NBO, and TD-DFT Calculations as Well As Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Applications. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:2053-2063. [PMID: 35861897 PMCID: PMC9606079 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript, we report four series for 1,2,4-triazine derivatives as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Density functional theory (DFT) methods via utilizing Becke's three-parameter functional and LeeeYangeParr functional (B3LYP) level with 6-31G (d, p) basis set to investigate their modeling molecular structures. Optimized molecular structures for studied molecular structures are obtained using the DFT/B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) method. In addition, the time-dependant density functional theory (TD-DFT) is used to study the optoelectronic properties and absorption spectra using DFT/CAM-B3LYP/ 6-31G + + (d, p) level in the Gaussian 09 program. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), energy gap (Eg), light harvest efficiency (LHE), and open-circuit voltage (Voc) of the studied molecular structures are calculated and illustrated. These properties indicate that these molecular modeling structures as good candidates for utilization in organic DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A S Sakr
- Chemistry Department, Center of Basic Science, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6Th of October City, Egypt.
| | - Maram T H Abou Kana
- Laser Sciences and Interactions Department, National Institute of Laser-Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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32
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Zhao S, Cao J, Liu Q, Zhang X. Fine-tuning the π bridge of organic dye molecules with triarylamino as an electron donor by using electron-rich/deficient groups for more efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2093286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Zhao
- Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiameng Cao
- Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, People’s Republic of China
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33
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Jewell CF, Subramanian A, Nam CY, Finke RG. Understanding the "Anti-Catalyst" Effect with Added CoO x Water Oxidation Catalyst in Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrolysis Cells: Carbon Impurities in Nanostructured SnO 2 Are the Culprit. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:25326-25336. [PMID: 35611991 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In 2017, we reported a dye-sensitized, photoelectrolysis cell consisting of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass covered by SnO2 nanoparticles coated with N,N'-bis(phosphonomethyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenediimide (PMPDI) dye and then a photoelectrochemically deposited CoOx water oxidation catalyst (WOCatalyst), FTO/nano-SnO2/PMPDI/CoOx. This system employed nanostructured SnO2 stabilized by a polyethyleneglycol bisphenol A epichlorohydrin (PEG-BAE) copolymer and other C-containing additives based on a literature synthesis to achieve a higher surface area and thus greater PMPDI dye absorption and resultant light collection. Surprisingly, the addition of the well-established WOCatalyst CoOx resulted in a decrease in the photocurrent, an unexpected "anti-catalyst" effect. Two primary questions addressed in the present study are (1) what is the source of this "anti-catalyst" effect? and (2) are the findings of broader interest? Reflection on the synthesis of nano-SnO2 stabilized by PEG-BAE, and the large, ca. 10:1 ratio of C to Sn in synthesis, led to the hypothesis that even the annealing step at 450 °C in of the FTO/SnO2 anode precursors was unlikely to remove all the carbon initially present. Indeed, residual carbon impurities are shown to be the culprit in the presently observed "anti-catalyst" effect. The implication and anticipated broader impact of the results of answering the two abovementioned questions are also presented and discussed along with a section entitled "Perspective and Suggestions for the Field Going Forward."
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly F Jewell
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ashwanth Subramanian
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Chang-Yong Nam
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, New York 11973, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Richard G Finke
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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34
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Kumar C, Luber S. Robust ΔSCF calculations with direct energy functional minimization methods and STEP for molecules and materials. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:154104. [PMID: 35459303 DOI: 10.1063/5.0075927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct energy functional minimization method using the orbital transformation (OT) scheme in the program package CP2K has been employed for Δ self-consistent field (ΔSCF) calculations. The OT method for non-uniform molecular orbitals occupations allows us to apply the ΔSCF method for various kinds of molecules and periodic systems. Vertical excitation energies of heteroaromatic molecules and condensed phase systems, such as solvated ethylene and solvated uracil obeying periodic boundary conditions, are reported using the ΔSCF method. In addition, a Re-phosphate molecule attached to the surface of anatase (TiO2) has been investigated. Additionally, we have implemented a recently proposed state-targeted energy projection ΔSCF algorithm [K. Carter-Fenk and J. M. Herbert, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 16(8), 5067-5082 (2020)] for diagonalization based SCF in CP2K. It is found that the OT scheme provides a smooth and robust SCF convergence for all investigated excitation energies and (non-)periodic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Dakua KK, Rajak K, Mishra S. Spin–vibronic coupling in the quantum dynamics of a Fe(III) trigonal-bipyramidal complex. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:134103. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0080611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of a high density of excited electronic states in the immediate vicinity of the optically bright state of a molecule paves the way for numerous photo-relaxation channels. In transition-metal complexes, the presence of heavy atoms results in a stronger spin–orbit coupling, which enables spin forbidden spin-crossover processes to compete with the spin-allowed internal conversion processes. However, no matter how effectively the states cross around the Franck–Condon region, the degree of vibronic coupling, of both relativistic and non-relativistic nature, drives the population distribution among these states. One such case is demonstrated in this work for the intermediate-spin Fe(III) trigonal-bipyramidal complex. A quantum dynamical investigation of the photo-deactivation mechanism in the Fe(III) system is presented using the multi-configurational time-dependent Hartree approach based on the vibronic Hamiltonian whose coupling terms are derived from the state-averaged complete active space self-consistent field/complete active space with second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) calculations and spin–orbit coupling of the scalar-relativistic CASPT2 states. The results of this study show that the presence of a strong (non-relativistic) vibronic coupling between the optically bright intermediate-spin state and other low-lying states of the same spin-multiplicity overpowers the spin–orbit coupling between the intermediate-spin and high-spin states, thereby lowering the chances of spin-crossover while exhibiting ultrafast relaxation among the intermediate-spin states. In a special case, where the population transfer pathway via the non-relativistic vibronic coupling is blocked, the probability of the spin-crossover is found to increase. This suggests that a careful modification of the complex by incorporation of heavier atoms with stronger relativistic effects can enhance the spin-crossover potential of Fe(III) intermediate-spin complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishan Kumar Dakua
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Karunamoy Rajak
- Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Sabyashachi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
- Centre for Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Kim H, Kim KM, Ryu J, Ki S, Sohn D, Chae J, Chang J. Triiodide-in-Iodine Networks Stabilized by Quaternary Ammonium Cations as Accelerants for Electrode Kinetics of Iodide Oxidation in Aqueous Media. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:12168-12179. [PMID: 35254047 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Zn-polyiodide redox flow battery is considered to be a promising aqueous energy storage system. However, in its charging process, the electrode kinetics of I- oxidation often suffer from an intrinsically generated iodine film (I2-F) on the cathode of the battery. Therefore, it is critical to both understand and enhance the observed slow electrode kinetics of I- oxidation by an electrochemically generated I2-F. In this article, we introduced an electrogenerated N-methyl-N-ethyl pyrrolidinium iodide (MEPI)-iodine (I2) solution, designated as MEPIS, and demonstrated that the electrode kinetics of I- oxidation were dramatically enhanced compared to an I2-F under conventional electrolyte conditions, such as NaI. We showed that this result mainly contributed to the fast electro-oxidation of triiodide (I3-), which exists in the shape of a I3--in-I2 network, [I3-·(I2)n]. Raman spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses showed that the composition of electrogenerated MEPIS changed from I3- to [I3-·(I2)n] via I5- as the anodic overpotential increased. We also confirmed that I- was electrochemically oxidized on a MEPIS-modified Pt electrode with fast electrode kinetics, which is clearly contrary to the nature of an I2-F derived from a NaI solution as a kinetic barrier of I- oxidation. Through stochastic MEPIS-particle impact electrochemistry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, we revealed that the enhanced electrode kinetics of I- oxidation in MEPIS can be attributed to the facilitated charge transfer of I3- oxidation in [I3-·(I2)n]. In addition, we found that the degree of freedom of I3- in a quaternary ammonium-based I2-F can also be critical to determine the kinetics of the electro-oxidation of I-, which is that MEPIS showed more enhanced charge-transfer kinetics of I- oxidation compared to tetrabutylammonium I3- due to the higher degree of freedom of I3-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungshin Women's University, 55, Dobong-ro 76 ga-gil, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul 142-732, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungju Ryu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyeok Ki
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Daewon Sohn
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Chae
- Department of Chemistry, Sungshin Women's University, 55, Dobong-ro 76 ga-gil, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul 142-732, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of HY-KIST Bio-convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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37
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Zhao Z, Niu F, Li P, Wang H, Zhang Z, Meyer GJ, Hu K. Visible Light Generation of a Microsecond Long-Lived Potent Reducing Agent. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7043-7047. [PMID: 35271254 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Photoexcitation of molecular radicals can produce strong reducing agents; however, the limited lifetimes of the doublet excited states preclude many applications. Herein, we propose and demonstrate a general strategy to translate a highly energetic electron from a doublet excited state to a ZrO2 insulator, thereby increasing the lifetime by about 6 orders of magnitude while maintaining a reducing potential less than -2.4 V vs SCE. Specifically, red light excitation of a salicylic acid modified perylene diimide radical anion PDI•- anchored to a ZrO2 insulator yields a ZrO2(e-)|PDI charge separated state with an ∼10 μs lifetime in 23% yield. The ZrO2(e-)s were shown to drive CO2 → CO reduction with a Re catalyst present in micromolar concentrations. More broadly, this strategy provides new opportunities to reduce important reagents and catalysts at low concentrations through diffusional electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Fushuang Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Pengju Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Hanqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Zhenghao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 2202B, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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38
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Arcidiacono A, Robb AJ, Masitas RA, Salpage SR, McLeod GM, Chen J, Ogunsolu OO, Roper MG, Hanson K. Inhibited interlayer electron transfer in metal ion linked multilayers on mesoporous metal oxide films. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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The BCL Method for DSSC: Basis and Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a comprehensive view of the route that led to the construction of a theoretical approach to the functioning of DSSC is presented. The model was developed based on the theoretical interpretation of experimental results obtained along the years for solar cells including different dyes. This allowed the authors to generate the Barrera, Crivelli, Loeb (BCL) model. The method is based on a system of equations that uses time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations to obtain a theoretical index, the Global Efficiency Index (GEI), for the efficiency of a sensitized solar cell. The GEI is obtained through the product of three factors: the available energy for injection, the amount of charge injected, and the efficiency of regeneration. The results so far obtained show a promising correlation with the experimental index of photo conversion efficiency (PCE). Moreover, the method provides theoretical tools that allow us to obtain an understanding of the operation of the cell, and provide us with the keys to optimize it. Its application to other type of devices, as, e.g., the highly more efficient perovskite solar cells, emerges as a challenging future goal.
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40
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Synthesis and solar cell power conversion efficiency improvement of π-extended triphenylamine dyes for indoor light-based applications. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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41
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Kumar S, Singh S, Kumar A, Murthy K, Kumar Singh A. pH-Responsive luminescence sensing, photoredox catalysis and photodynamic applications of ruthenium(II) photosensitizers bearing imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline scaffolds. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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42
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Sasaki Y, Yanai N, Kimizuka N. Osmium Complex-Chromophore Conjugates with Both Singlet-to-Triplet Absorption and Long Triplet Lifetime through Tuning of the Heavy-Atom Effect. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5982-5990. [PMID: 35080875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Os(II) complexes showing singlet-to-triplet absorption are of growing interest as a new class of triplet sensitizers that circumvent energy loss during intersystem crossing, and they enable effective utilization of input photon energy in various applications, such as photoredox catalysis, photodynamic therapy, and photon upconversion. However, triplet excited-state lifetimes of Os(II) complexes are often too short (τ < 1 μs) to transfer their energy to neighboring molecules. While the covalent conjugation of chromophores has been known to extend the net excited-state lifetimes through an intramolecular triplet energy transfer (IMET), heavy-atom effects of the central metals on the attached chromophore units have rarely been discussed. Here, we investigate the relationship between the spin-density contribution of the heavy metals and the net triplet excited-state lifetimes for a series of Os(II) and Ru(II) bis(terpyridine) complexes modified with perylene units. Phosphorescence lifetimes of these compounds strongly depend on the lifetimes of the perylenyl group-localized excited states that are shortened by the heavy-atom effect. The degree of heavy-atom effect can be largely circumvented by introducing meta-phenylene bridges, where the perylene unit retains its intrinsic long excited-state lifetime. The thermal activation to the short-lived excited states is suppressed, thanks to sufficient but still small energy losses during the IMET process. Involvement of the metal center was also confirmed by the prolonged lifetime by replacing Os(II) with Ru(II) that possesses a smaller spin-orbit coupling constant. These results indicate the importance of ligand structures that give a minimum heavy-atom effect as well as the sufficient energy gap among the excited states and fast IMET for elongating the triplet excited-state lifetime without sacrificing the excitation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Sasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,PRESTO, JST, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Hydrazone-based Materials; DFT, TD-DFT, NBO Analysis, Fukui Function, MESP Analysis, and Solar Cell Applications. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:1857-1871. [PMID: 35737283 PMCID: PMC9402755 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Due to numerous pharmaceutical and biological activities hydrazone (TC) based materials, it was important to investigate quantum chemical studies such as Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, molecular electrostatic potential (MESP), and local reactivity usage Fukui function for six TC derivatives compounds. DFT, NBO, MESP, and local reactivity calculations were obtained via utilizing CAM-Becke's three-parameter functional and Leee Yange Parr (CAM-B3LYP) functional and 6-311G + + (2d, 2p) basis set. Optimized molecular structures for all studied compounds were obtained usage the DFT/CAM-B3LYP/6-311G + + (2d, 2p) method. In addition, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), energy gap (Eg), light harvest efficiency (LHE), and open-circuit voltage (Voc) of all studied MSs are calculated and illustrated. These properties indicate that these molecular modeling structures as good candidates for utilization in organic DSSCs. The calculated spectroscopic investigations of hydrazine derivatives have been obtained by applying the TD/CAM-B3LYP/6-311G + + (2d, 2p) method. the calculated UV-Vis absorption spectra for molecular structures under study show nice correlations with experimental spectra.
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44
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Khanmohammadi Chenab K, Zamani Meymian MR, Mahmoudi Qashqay S. Charge Recombination Suppressing in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Tuning Dielectric Constant of Triphenylamine Dyes with Altering π-Bridge from Naphthalene to Anthracene Units. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19595-19608. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02744e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Charge recombination reactions (CRRs) are responsible for a major contribution of power conversion efficiency (PCE) loss in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). This study tracks the impact of the dielectric constant...
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45
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Lindh L, Gordivska O, Persson S, Michaels H, Fan H, Chábera P, Rosemann NW, Gupta AK, Benesperi I, Uhlig J, Prakash O, Sheibani E, Kjaer KS, Boschloo G, Yartsev A, Freitag M, Lomoth R, Persson P, Wärnmark K. Dye-sensitized solar cells based on Fe N-heterocyclic carbene photosensitizers with improved rod-like push-pull functionality. Chem Sci 2021; 12:16035-16053. [PMID: 35024126 PMCID: PMC8672732 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02963k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new generation of octahedral iron(ii)–N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes, employing different tridentate C^N^C ligands, has been designed and synthesized as earth-abundant photosensitizers for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and related solar energy conversion applications. This work introduces a linearly aligned push–pull design principle that reaches from the ligand having nitrogen-based electron donors, over the Fe(ii) centre, to the ligand having an electron withdrawing carboxylic acid anchor group. A combination of spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and quantum chemical calculations demonstrate the improved molecular excited state properties in terms of a broader absorption spectrum compared to the reference complex, as well as directional charge-transfer displacement of the lowest excited state towards the semiconductor substrate in accordance with the push–pull design. Prototype DSSCs based on one of the new Fe NHC photosensitizers demonstrate a power conversion efficiency exceeding 1% already for a basic DSSC set-up using only the I−/I3− redox mediator and standard operating conditions, outcompeting the corresponding DSSC based on the homoleptic reference complex. Transient photovoltage measurements confirmed that adding the co-sensitizer chenodeoxycholic acid helped in improving the efficiency by increasing the electron lifetime in TiO2. Time-resolved spectroscopy revealed spectral signatures for successful ultrafast (<100 fs) interfacial electron injection from the heteroleptic dyes to TiO2. However, an ultrafast recombination process results in undesirable fast charge recombination from TiO2 back to the oxidized dye, leaving only 5–10% of the initially excited dyes available to contribute to a current in the DSSC. On slower timescales, time-resolved spectroscopy also found that the recombination dynamics (longer than 40 μs) were significantly slower than the regeneration of the oxidized dye by the redox mediator (6–8 μs). Therefore it is the ultrafast recombination down to fs-timescales, between the oxidized dye and the injected electron, that remains as one of the main bottlenecks to be targeted for achieving further improved solar energy conversion efficiencies in future work. Iron-based photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells with a rod-like push–pull design. Solar cell performance was limited by ultrafast (sub-ps) recombination, but yielded better performance than the homoleptic parent photosensitizer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Lindh
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden.,Theoretical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Olga Gordivska
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Samuel Persson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Hannes Michaels
- Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden .,School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University Bedson Building NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Hao Fan
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Pavel Chábera
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Nils W Rosemann
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden.,Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Iacopo Benesperi
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden .,School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University Bedson Building NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Om Prakash
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Esmaeil Sheibani
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Kasper S Kjaer
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Arkady Yartsev
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Marina Freitag
- Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden .,School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University Bedson Building NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Reiner Lomoth
- Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
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Liu Z, Zhang C, Liu L, Zhang T, Wang J, Wang R, Du T, Yang C, Zhang L, Xie L, Zhu W, Yue T, Wang J. A Conductive Network and Dipole Field for Harnessing Photogenerated Charge Kinetics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104099. [PMID: 34569113 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photogenerated charge separation and directional transfer to active sites are pivotal steps in photocatalysis, which limit the efficiency of redox reactions. Here, a conductive network and dipole field are employed to harness photogenerated charge kinetics by using a Ti3 C2 /TiO2 network (TTN). The TTN exhibits a prolonged charge-carrier lifetime (1.026 ns) and an 11.76-fold increase in hexavalent chromium photoreduction reaction kinetics compared to TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). This super photocatalytic performance is derived from the efficient photogenerated charge kinetics, which is steered by the conductive network and dipole field. The conductivity enhancement of the TiO2 network is achieved by continuous chemical bonds, which promotes electron-hole (e-h) separation. In addition, at the interface of Ti3 C2 and TiO2 , band bending induced by the dipole field promotes photogenerated electron spatially directed transfer to the catalytic sites on Ti3 C2 . This study demonstrates that a conductive network and dipole field offer a new concept to harness charge kinetics for photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoli Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Cui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Ting Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Chengyuan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Linxuan Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Wenxin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
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47
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Godin R, Durrant JR. Dynamics of photoconversion processes: the energetic cost of lifetime gain in photosynthetic and photovoltaic systems. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13372-13409. [PMID: 34786578 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00577d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The continued development of solar energy conversion technologies relies on an improved understanding of their limitations. In this review, we focus on a comparison of the charge carrier dynamics underlying the function of photovoltaic devices with those of both natural and artificial photosynthetic systems. The solar energy conversion efficiency is determined by the product of the rate of generation of high energy species (charges for solar cells, chemical fuels for photosynthesis) and the energy contained in these species. It is known that the underlying kinetics of the photophysical and charge transfer processes affect the production yield of high energy species. Comparatively little attention has been paid to how these kinetics are linked to the energy contained in the high energy species or the energy lost in driving the forward reactions. Here we review the operational parameters of both photovoltaic and photosynthetic systems to highlight the energy cost of extending the lifetime of charge carriers to levels that enable function. We show a strong correlation between the energy lost within the device and the necessary lifetime gain, even when considering natural photosynthesis alongside artificial systems. From consideration of experimental data across all these systems, the emprical energetic cost of each 10-fold increase in lifetime is 87 meV. This energetic cost of lifetime gain is approx. 50% greater than the 59 meV predicted from a simple kinetic model. Broadly speaking, photovoltaic devices show smaller energy losses compared to photosynthetic devices due to the smaller lifetime gains needed. This is because of faster charge extraction processes in photovoltaic devices compared to the complex multi-electron, multi-proton redox reactions that produce fuels in photosynthetic devices. The result is that in photosynthetic systems, larger energetic costs are paid to overcome unfavorable kinetic competition between the excited state lifetime and the rate of interfacial reactions. We apply this framework to leading examples of photovoltaic and photosynthetic devices to identify kinetic sources of energy loss and identify possible strategies to reduce this energy loss. The kinetic and energetic analyses undertaken are applicable to both photovoltaic and photosynthetic systems allowing for a holistic comparison of both types of solar energy conversion approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Godin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada. .,Clean Energy Research Center, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Okanagan Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Services, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Kožíšek J, Svoboda J, Zedník J, Vlčková B, Šloufová I. Resonance Raman Excitation Profiles of Fe(II)-Terpyridine Complexes: Electronic Effects of Ligand Modifications. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:12847-12858. [PMID: 34758623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (tpy) complexes are readily used as building blocks in metallo-supramolecular polymers that stand out for their photophysical properties in solar energy assemblies. Furthermore, Resonance Raman (RR) excitation profiles are sensitive indicators of the electronic properties of chromophores. Previously, using RR spectroscopy, we studied the [Fe(tpy)2]2+ complex and metallo-supramolecular polymers formed by tpy derivatives and Fe(II) ions. Here, we compare RR spectra of iron (Fe(II)) complexes with 4'-substituted tpy ligands─[Fe(4'-R-tpy)2]2+, with R = H (1a), Cl (2a), 4-chlorophenyl (3a), and 2-thienyl (4a) to describe changes in their electronic structure after functionalization. By combining theoretical calculations, RR, and UV/vis spectra, we elucidated differences in the RR excitation profiles of 1a, 2a, and 4a complexes. In all Raman modes, complexes 1a and 2a showed maximal enhancement only at 532 nm excitation, whereas complex 4a exhibited maximal enhancement selectively at either 532 or 633 nm excitations. Based on our calculations, the mixed metal/ligand character of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of 4a complex manifests itself through selective enhancement of vibration modes, mainly localized on the 2-thienyl unit at 633 nm excitation, which may explain the unique behavior of this complex. Therefore, complex 4a is a prospective candidate for further detailed photophysical explorations toward developing sensitizers for solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kožíšek
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Zedník
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Vlčková
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Šloufová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Wegeberg C, Wenger OS. Luminescent First-Row Transition Metal Complexes. JACS AU 2021; 1:1860-1876. [PMID: 34841405 PMCID: PMC8611671 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Precious and rare elements have traditionally dominated inorganic photophysics and photochemistry, but now we are witnessing a paradigm shift toward cheaper and more abundant metals. Even though emissive complexes based on selected first-row transition metals have long been known, recent conceptual breakthroughs revealed that a much broader range of elements in different oxidation states are useable for this purpose. Coordination compounds of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu now show electronically excited states with unexpected reactivity and photoluminescence behavior. Aside from providing a compact survey of the recent conceptual key advances in this dynamic field, our Perspective identifies the main design strategies that enabled the discovery of fundamentally new types of 3d-metal-based luminophores and photosensitizers operating in solution at room temperature.
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Muñoz-García AB, Benesperi I, Boschloo G, Concepcion JJ, Delcamp JH, Gibson EA, Meyer GJ, Pavone M, Pettersson H, Hagfeldt A, Freitag M. Dye-sensitized solar cells strike back. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12450-12550. [PMID: 34590638 PMCID: PMC8591630 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01336f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are celebrating their 30th birthday and they are attracting a wealth of research efforts aimed at unleashing their full potential. In recent years, DSCs and dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) have experienced a renaissance as the best technology for several niche applications that take advantage of DSCs' unique combination of properties: at low cost, they are composed of non-toxic materials, are colorful, transparent, and very efficient in low light conditions. This review summarizes the advancements in the field over the last decade, encompassing all aspects of the DSC technology: theoretical studies, characterization techniques, materials, applications as solar cells and as drivers for the synthesis of solar fuels, and commercialization efforts from various companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Muñoz-García
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Iacopo Benesperi
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Javier J Concepcion
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Jared H Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Gibson
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Michele Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
- University Management and Management Council, Vice Chancellor, Uppsala University, Segerstedthuset, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marina Freitag
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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