1
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Alsaleh AZ, Pinjari D, Misra R, D'Souza F. Far-Red Excitation Induced Electron Transfer in Bis Donor-AzaBODIPY Push-Pull Systems; Role of Nitrogenous Donors in Promoting Charge Separation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301659. [PMID: 37401835 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
A far-red absorbing sensitizer, BF2 -chelated azadipyrromethane (azaBODIPY) has been employed as an electron acceptor to synthesize a series of push-pull systems linked with different nitrogenous electron donors, viz., N,N-dimethylaniline (NND), triphenylamine (TPA), and phenothiazine (PTZ) via an acetylene linker. The structural integrity of the newly synthesized push-pull systems was established by spectroscopic, electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and DFT computational methods. Cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry studies revealed different redox states and helped in the estimation of the energies of the charge-separated states. Further, spectroelectrochemical studies performed in a thin-layer optical cell revealed diagnostic peaks of azaBODIPY⋅- in the visible and near-IR regions. Free-energy calculations revealed the charge separation from one of the covalently linked donors to the 1 azaBODIPY* to yield Donor⋅+ -azaBODIPY⋅- to be energetically favorable in a polar solvent, benzonitrile, and the frontier orbitals generated on the optimized structures helped in assessing such a conclusion. Consequently, the steady-state emission studies revealed quenching of the azaBODIPY fluorescence in all of the investigated push-pull systems in benzonitrile and to a lesser extent in mildly polar dichlorobenzene, and nonpolar toluene. The femtosecond pump-probe studies revealed the occurrence of excited charge transfer (CT) in nonpolar toluene while a complete charge separation (CS) for all three push-pull systems in polar benzonitrile. The CT/CS products populated the low-lying 3 azaBODIPY* prior to returning to the ground state. Global target (GloTarAn) analysis of the transient data revealed the lifetime of the final charge-separated states (CSS) to be 195 ps for NND-derived, 50 ps for TPA-derived, and 85 ps for PTZ-derived push-pull systems in benzonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajyal Z Alsaleh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Dilip Pinjari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
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2
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Sheokand M, Alsaleh AZ, D'Souza F, Misra R. Excitation Wavelength-Dependent Charge Stabilization in Highly Interacting Phenothiazine Sulfone-Derived Donor-Acceptor Constructs. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2761-2773. [PMID: 36938962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Prolonging the lifetime of charge-separated states (CSS) is of paramount importance in artificial photosynthetic donor-acceptor (DA) constructs to build the next generation of light-energy-harvesting devices. This becomes especially important when the DA constructs are closely spaced and highly interacting. In the present study, we demonstrate extending the lifetime of the CSS in highly interacting DA constructs by making use of the triplet excited state of the electron donor and with the help of excitation wavelength selectivity. To demonstrate this, π-conjugated phenothiazine sulfone-based push-pull systems, PTS2-PTS6 have been newly designed and synthesized via the Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling followed by [2 + 2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization reactions. Modulation of the spectral and photophysical properties of phenothiazine sulfones (PTZSO2) and terminal phenothiazines (PTZ) was possible by incorporating powerful electron acceptors, 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD) and cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diylidene-expanded TCBD (exTCBD). The quadrupolar PTS2 displayed solvatochromism, aggregation-induced emission, and mechanochromic behaviors. From the energy calculations, excitation wavelength-dependent charge stabilization was envisioned in PTS2-PTS6, and the subsequent pump-probe spectroscopic studies revealed charge stabilization when the systems were excited at the locally excited peak positions, while such effect was minimal when the samples were excited at wavelengths corresponding to the CT transitions. This work reveals the impact of wavelength selectivity to induce charge separation from the triplet excited state in ultimately prolonging the lifetime of CCS in highly interacting push-pull systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Sheokand
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Ajyal Z Alsaleh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
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3
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Yan Y, Zhang Y, Memon WA, Wang M, Zhang X, Wei Z. The role of entropy gains in the exciton separation in organic solar cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100903. [PMID: 35338684 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In organic solar cell (OSC), the lower dielectric constant of organic semiconductor material induces a strong Coulomb attraction between electron-hole pairs, which leads to a low exciton separation efficiency, especially the charge transfer (CT) state. The CT state formed at the electron-donor (D) and electron-acceptor (A) interface is regarded as an unfavorable property of organic photovoltaic devices. Since the OSC works in a nonzero temperature condition, the entropy effect would be one of the main reasons to overcome the Coulomb energy barrier and must be taken into account. In this review, we review the present understanding of the entropy-driven charge separation and describe how factors such as the dimensionality of the organic semiconductor, energy disorder effect, the morphology of the active layer, and the nonequilibrium effect affect the entropy contribution in compensating the Coulomb dissociation barrier for CT exciton separation and charge generation process. We focus on the investigation of the entropy effect on exciton dissociation mechanism from both theoretical and experimental aspects, which provides pathways for understanding the underlying mechanisms of exciton separation and further enhancing the efficiency of OSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjun Yan
- School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Waqar Ali Memon
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mengni Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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4
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He G, Yablon LM, Parenti KR, Fallon KJ, Campos LM, Sfeir MY. Quantifying Exciton Transport in Singlet Fission Diblock Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3269-3278. [PMID: 35166107 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a mechanism of exciton multiplication in organic chromophores, which has potential to drive highly efficient optoelectronic devices. Creating effective device architectures that operate by SF critically depends on electronic interactions across multiple length scales─from individual molecules to interchromophore interactions that facilitate multiexciton dephasing and exciton diffusion toward donor-acceptor interfaces. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the underpinnings of multiexciton transport and interfacial energy transfer in multichromophore systems. Interestingly, block copolymers (BCPs) can be designed to control multiscale interactions by tailoring the nature of the building blocks, yet SF dynamics are not well understood in these macromolecules. Here, we designed diblock copolymers comprising an inherent energy cleft at the interface between a block with pendent pentacene chromophores and an additional block with pendent tetracene chromophores. The singlet and triplet energy offset between the two blocks creates a driving force for exciton transport along the BCP chain in dilute solution. Using time-resolved optical spectroscopy, we have quantified the yields of key energy transfer steps, including both singlet and triplet energy transfer processes across the pentacene-tetracene interface. From this modular BCP architecture, we correlate the energy transfer time scales and relative yields with the length of each block. The ability to quantify these energy transfer processes provides valuable insights into exciton transport at critical length scales between bulk crystalline systems and small-molecule dimers─an area that has been underexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying He
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Lauren M Yablon
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kaia R Parenti
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kealan J Fallon
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
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5
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Hicks GEJ, Li S, Obhi NK, Jarrett-Wilkins CN, Seferos DS. Programmable Assembly of π-Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006287. [PMID: 34085725 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
π-Conjugated polymers have numerous applications due to their advantageous optoelectronic and mechanical properties. These properties depend intrinsically on polymer ordering, including crystallinity, orientation, morphology, domain size, and π-π interactions. Programming, or deliberately controlling the composition and ordering of π-conjugated polymers by well-defined inputs, is a key facet in the development of organic electronics. Here, π-conjugated programming is described at each stage of material development, stressing the links between each programming mode. Covalent programming is performed during polymer synthesis such that complex architectures can be constructed, which direct polymer assembly by governing polymer orientation, π-π interactions, and morphological length-scales. Solution programming is performed in a solvated state as polymers dissolve, aggregate, crystallize, or react in solution. Solid-state programming occurs in the solid state and is governed by polymer crystallization, domain segregation, or gelation. Recent progress in programming across these stages is examined, highlighting order-dependent features and assembly techniques that are unique to π-conjugated polymers. This should serve as a guide for delineating the many ways of directing π-conjugated polymer assembly to control ordering, structure, and function, enabling the further development of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garion E J Hicks
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sheng Li
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Nimrat K Obhi
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Charles N Jarrett-Wilkins
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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6
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Jadoun S, Rathore DS, Riaz U, Chauhan NPS. Tailoring of conducting polymers via copolymerization – A review. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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7
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Komanduri V, Janpatompong Y, Marcial-Hernandez R, Tate DJ, Turner ML. A sequential ROMP strategy to donor–acceptor di-, tri- and tetra arylenevinylene block copolymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01202a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sequential ROMP of electron rich and electron deficient paracyclophanediene monomers gives donor–acceptor di-, tri- and even tetrablock phenylenevinylene coploymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venukrishnan Komanduri
- Organic Materials Innovation Centre (OMIC), The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yurachat Janpatompong
- Organic Materials Innovation Centre (OMIC), The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Raymundo Marcial-Hernandez
- Organic Materials Innovation Centre (OMIC), The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Daniel J. Tate
- Organic Materials Innovation Centre (OMIC), The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Michael L. Turner
- Organic Materials Innovation Centre (OMIC), The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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8
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Yang Z, Liang S, Liu B, Wang J, Yang F, Chen Q, Xiao C, Tang Z, Li W. Incorporating semiflexible linkers into double-cable conjugated polymers via a click reaction. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01188j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Double-cable conjugated polymers with semiflexible linkers via click reaction were developed for application in single-component organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofan Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shijie Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Baiqiao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Qiaomei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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9
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Rout Y, Misra R. Design and synthesis of 1,8-naphthalimide functionalized benzothiadiazoles. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00919b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Push-pull derivatives BTD2–BTD5 were designed and synthesized via Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction followed by [2+2] cycloaddition–electrocyclic ring-opening reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogajivan Rout
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Indore 453552
- India
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Indore 453552
- India
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10
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Pankow RM, Thompson BC. The development of conjugated polymers as the cornerstone of organic electronics. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Jiang X, Yang J, Karuthedath S, Li J, Lai W, Li C, Xiao C, Ye L, Ma Z, Tang Z, Laquai F, Li W. Miscibility‐Controlled Phase Separation in Double‐Cable Conjugated Polymers for Single‐Component Organic Solar Cells with Efficiencies over 8 %. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Yang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Safakath Karuthedath
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) KAUST Solar Center (KSC) Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE) Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE) Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Junyu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Lai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) KAUST Solar Center (KSC) Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE) Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE) Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Institute of Applied Chemistry Jiangxi Academy of Sciences Nanchang 330096 P. R. China
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12
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Jiang X, Yang J, Karuthedath S, Li J, Lai W, Li C, Xiao C, Ye L, Ma Z, Tang Z, Laquai F, Li W. Miscibility-Controlled Phase Separation in Double-Cable Conjugated Polymers for Single-Component Organic Solar Cells with Efficiencies over 8 . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21683-21692. [PMID: 32815586 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A record power conversion efficiency of 8.40 % was obtained in single-component organic solar cells (SCOSCs) based on double-cable conjugated polymers. This is realized based on exciton separation playing the same role as charge transport in SCOSCs. Two double-cable conjugated polymers were designed with almost identical conjugated backbones and electron-withdrawing side units, but extra Cl atoms had different positions on the conjugated backbones. When Cl atoms were positioned at the main chains, the polymer formed the twist backbones, enabling better miscibility with the naphthalene diimide side units. This improves the interface contact between conjugated backbones and side units, resulting in efficient conversion of excitons into free charges. These findings reveal the importance of charge generation process in SCOSCs and suggest a strategy to improve this process: controlling miscibility between conjugated backbones and aromatic side units in double-cable conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Yang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Safakath Karuthedath
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Junyu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Lai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
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13
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Sarvari R, Agbolaghi S, Massoumi B, Sorkhishams N. Electroactive polythiophene/polystyrene bottlebrushes as morphology compatibilizers in photovoltaic systems. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raana Sarvari
- Stem Cell Research CenterTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine InstituteTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Samira Agbolaghi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of EngineeringAzarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
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14
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Le TP, Smith BH, Lee Y, Litofsky JH, Aplan MP, Kuei B, Zhu C, Wang C, Hexemer A, Gomez ED. Enhancing Optoelectronic Properties of Conjugated Block Copolymers through Crystallization of Both Blocks. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thinh P. Le
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Brandon H. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Youngmin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Joshua H. Litofsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Melissa P. Aplan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Brooke Kuei
- Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexander Hexemer
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Enrique D. Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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15
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Park SH, Kim Y, Kwon NY, Lee YW, Woo HY, Chae W, Park S, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Significantly Improved Morphology and Efficiency of Nonhalogenated Solvent-Processed Solar Cells Derived from a Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Block Copolymer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902470. [PMID: 32099759 PMCID: PMC7029657 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A highly crystalline conjugated donor (D)-acceptor (A) block copolymer (PBDT2T-b-N2200) that has good solubility in nonhalogenated solvents is successfully synthesized. PBDT2T-b-N2200 shows a broad complementary absorption behavior owing to a wide-band gap donor (PBDT2T) present as a D-block and a narrow-band gap acceptor (N2200) present as an A-block. Polymer solar cells (PSCs) with conjugated block copolymer (CBCP) are fabricated using a toluene solution and PSC created with an annealed film showing the highest power conversion efficiency of 6.43%, which is 2.4 times higher than that made with an annealed blend film of PBDT2T and N2200. Compared to the blend film, the PBDT2T-b-N2200 film exhibits a highly improved surface and internal morphology, as well as a faster photoluminescence decay lifetime, indicating a more efficient photoinduced electron transfer. In addition, the PBDT2T-b-N2200 film shows high crystallinity through an effective self-assembly of each block during thermal annealing and a predominant face-on chain orientation favorable to a vertical-type PSC. Moreover, the CBCP-based PSCs exhibit an excellent shelf-life time of over 1020 h owing to their morphological stability. From these results, a D-A block copolymer system is one of the efficient strategies to improve miscibility and morphological stability in all polymer blend systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hong Park
- Department of ChemistryResearch Institute for Natural SciencesKorea University145 Anam‐Ro, Sungbuk‐guSeoul02841South Korea
| | - Youngseo Kim
- Department of ChemistryResearch Institute for Natural SciencesKorea University145 Anam‐Ro, Sungbuk‐guSeoul02841South Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kwon
- Department of ChemistryResearch Institute for Natural SciencesKorea University145 Anam‐Ro, Sungbuk‐guSeoul02841South Korea
| | - Young Woong Lee
- Department of ChemistryResearch Institute for Natural SciencesKorea University145 Anam‐Ro, Sungbuk‐guSeoul02841South Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of ChemistryResearch Institute for Natural SciencesKorea University145 Anam‐Ro, Sungbuk‐guSeoul02841South Korea
| | - Weon‐Sik Chae
- Daegu CenterKorea Basic Science Institute80 Daehakro, BukguDaegu41566South Korea
| | - Sungnam Park
- Department of ChemistryResearch Institute for Natural SciencesKorea University145 Anam‐Ro, Sungbuk‐guSeoul02841South Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of ChemistryResearch Institute for Natural SciencesKorea University145 Anam‐Ro, Sungbuk‐guSeoul02841South Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of ChemistryResearch Institute for Natural SciencesKorea University145 Anam‐Ro, Sungbuk‐guSeoul02841South Korea
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16
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Schraff S, Maity S, Schleeper L, Dong Y, Lucas S, Bakulin AA, von Hauff E, Pammer F. All-conjugated donor–acceptor block copolymers featuring a pentafulvenyl-polyisocyanide-acceptor. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01879d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fulvenyl-functionalized polyisocyanide (PIC2) with a high electron mobility of μe = 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 has been incorporated into donor–acceptor block copolymers. Their self-assembly and bulk-morphology have been studied, and potential device applications have been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schraff
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Sudeshna Maity
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- NL-1081 HV Amsterdam
- Netherlands
| | - Laura Schleeper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- NL-1081 HV Amsterdam
- Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yifan Dong
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | - Sebastian Lucas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | | | - Elizabeth von Hauff
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- NL-1081 HV Amsterdam
- Netherlands
| | - Frank Pammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
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17
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Yang F, Li J, Li C, Li W. Improving Electron Transport in a Double-Cable Conjugated Polymer via Parallel Perylenetriimide Design. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Li
- DSM DMSC R&D Solutions, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, P. R. China
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18
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Litofsky JH, Lee Y, Aplan MP, Kuei B, Hexemer A, Wang C, Wang Q, Gomez ED. Polarized Soft X-ray Scattering Reveals Chain Orientation within Nanoscale Polymer Domains. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alexander Hexemer
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94530, United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94530, United States
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19
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Nübling F, Hopper TR, Kuei B, Komber H, Untilova V, Schmidt SB, Brinkmann M, Gomez ED, Bakulin AA, Sommer M. Block Junction-Functionalized All-Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Block Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1143-1155. [PMID: 30523687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Junction-functionalized donor-acceptor (D-A) block copolymers (BCPs) enable spatial and electronic control over interfacial charge dynamics in excitonic devices such as solar cells. Here, we present the design, synthesis, morphology, and electronic characterization of block junction-functionalized, all-conjugated, all-crystalline D-A BCPs. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), a single thienylated diketopyrrolopyrrole (Th xDPPTh x, x = 1 or 2) unit, and poly{[ N, N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]- alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (PNDIT2) are used as donor, interfacial unit, and acceptor, respectively. Almost all C-C coupling steps are accomplished by virtue of C-H activation. Synthesis of the macroreagent H-P3HT-Th xDPPTh x, with x determining its C-H reactivity, is key to the synthesis of various BCPs of type H-P3HT-Th xDPPTh x- block-PNDIT2. Morphology is determined from a combination of calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thin-film scattering. Block copolymer crystallinity of P3HT and PNDIT2 is reduced, indicating frustrated crystallization. A long period lp is invisible from TEM, but shows up in resonant soft X-ray scattering experiments at a length scale of lp ∼ 60 nm. Photoluminescence of H-P3HT-Th xDPPTh x indicates efficient transfer of the excitation energy to the DPP chain end, but is quenched in BCP films. Transient absorption and pump-push photocurrent spectroscopies reveal geminate recombination (GR) as the main loss channel in as-prepared BCP films independent of junction functionalization. Melt annealing increases GR as a result of the low degree of crystallinity and poorly defined interfaces and additionally changes backbone orientation of PNDIT2 from face-on to edge-on. These morphological effects dominate solar cell performance and cause an insensitivity to the presence of the block junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Nübling
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Thomas R Hopper
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | | | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Straße 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Viktoriia Untilova
- Institut Charles Sadron , CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 23 Rue de Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , France
| | - Simon B Schmidt
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Straße der Nationen 62 , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut Charles Sadron , CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 23 Rue de Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , France
| | | | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Straße der Nationen 62 , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
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20
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Liang S, Xu Y, Li C, Li J, Wang D, Li W. Realizing lamellar nanophase separation in a double-cable conjugated polymer via a solvent annealing process. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00765b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A double-cable conjugated polymer based on crystalline polythiophene backbone and perylene bisimide side units was developed to realize ordered lamellar structures via solvent annealing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Liang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- P. R. China
| | - Yunhua Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- P. R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Junyu Li
- DSM DMSC R&D Solutions
- 6160 MD Geleen
- The Netherlands
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
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21
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Xia D, Li C, Li W. Crystalline Conjugated Polymers for Organic Solar Cells: From Donor, Acceptor to Single‐Component. CHEM REC 2018; 19:962-972. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
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22
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Heinrich CD, Fischer M, Thurn-Albrecht T, Thelakkat M. Modular Synthesis and Structure Analysis of P3HT-b-PPBI Donor–Acceptor Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Experimental Polymer Physics Group, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Thurn-Albrecht
- Experimental Polymer Physics Group, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
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23
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Xu Z, Lin J, Zhang L, Wang L, Wang G, Tian X, Jiang T. Distinct Photovoltaic Performance of Hierarchical Nanostructures Self-Assembled from Multiblock Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:22552-22561. [PMID: 29900737 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We applied a multiscale approach coupling dissipative particle dynamics method with a drift-diffusion model to elucidate the photovoltaic properties of multiblock copolymers consisting of alternating electron donor and acceptor blocks. A series of hierarchical lamellae-in-lamellar structures were obtained from the self-assembly of the multiblock copolymers. A distinct improvement in photovoltaic performance upon the morphology transformation from lamella to lamellae-in-lamella was observed. The hierarchical lamellae-in-lamellar structures significantly enhanced exciton dissociation and charge carrier transport, which consequently contributed to the improved photovoltaic performance. On the basis of our theoretical calculations, the hierarchical nanostructures can achieve much enhanced energy conversion efficiencies, improved by around 25% compared with that of general ones, through structure modulation on the number and size of the small-length-scale domains via the molecular design of multiblock copolymers. Our findings are supported by recent experimental evidence and provide guidance for designing advanced photovoltaic materials with hierarchical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwen Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Liangshun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Liquan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Gengchao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Xiaohui Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
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24
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Nübling F, Yang D, Müller-Buschbaum P, Brinkmann M, Sommer M. In Situ Synthesis of Ternary Block Copolymer/Homopolymer Blends for Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18149-18160. [PMID: 29742897 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A detailed investigation of in situ-synthesized all-conjugated block copolymer (BCP) compatibilized ternary blends containing poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly{[ N, N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dibcarboximide)-2,6-diyl]- alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (PNDIT2) as donor and acceptor polymers, respectively, is presented. Both polymers are incompatible and show strong segregation in blends, which renders compatibilization with their corresponding BCPs promising to enable nanometer-phase-separated structures suitable for excitonic devices. Here, we synthesize a ternary block copolymer/homopolymer blend system and investigate the phase behavior as a function of block copolymer molecular weight and different annealing conditions. The device performance decreases on increasing annealing temperatures. To understand this effect, morphological investigations including atomic force microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and grazing incidence wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS/GISAXS) are carried out. On comparing domain sizes of pristine and compatibilized blends obtained from GISAXS, a weak compatibilization effect appears to take place for the in situ-synthesized ternary systems. The effect of thermal annealing is most prevalent for all samples, which, for the highest annealing temperature above the melting point of PNDIT2 (310 °C), ultimately leads to a change from the face-on to edge-on orientation of PNDIT2, as seen in GIWAXS. This effect dominates and decreases all photovoltaic parameters, irrespective of whether a pristine or compatibilized blend is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Nübling
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Dan Yang
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut Charles Sadron , CNRS-Univeristé de Strasbourg , 23 rue de Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , France
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Straße der Nationen 62 , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
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25
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Nagahora N, Goto S, Inatomi T, Tokumaru H, Matsubara K, Shioji K, Okuma K. Buchwald–Hartwig Amination of Phosphinines and the Effect of Amine Substituents on Optoelectronic Properties of the Resulting Coupling Products. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6373-6381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyoshi Nagahora
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shoko Goto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inatomi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tokumaru
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kouki Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kosei Shioji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okuma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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26
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Yu C, Xu Y, Li C, Feng G, Yang F, Li J, Li W. An Isoindigo-Based “Double-Cable” Conjugated Polymer for Single- Component Polymer Solar Cells. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201800009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changshi Yu
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University; Beijing 100044 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yunhua Xu
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University; Beijing 100044 China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Guitao Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Fan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Junyu Li
- DSM DMSC R&D Solutions; P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen The Netherlands
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
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27
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Feng G, Li J, Colberts FJM, Li M, Zhang J, Yang F, Jin Y, Zhang F, Janssen RAJ, Li C, Li W. “Double-Cable” Conjugated Polymers with Linear Backbone toward High Quantum Efficiencies in Single-Component Polymer Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:18647-18656. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guitao Feng
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic
Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Li
- DSM DMSC R&D Solutions, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Fallon J. M. Colberts
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic
Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhi Jin
- Biomolecular
and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fengling Zhang
- Biomolecular
and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic
Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic
Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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28
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Wang Y, Hong M, Bailey TS, Chen EYX. Brush Polymer of Donor-Accepter Dyads via Adduct Formation between Lewis Base Polymer Donor and All Carbon Lewis Acid Acceptor. Molecules 2017; 22:E1564. [PMID: 28927009 PMCID: PMC6151805 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic method that taps into the facile Lewis base (LB)→Lewis acid (LA) adduct forming reaction between the semiconducting polymeric LB and all carbon LA C60 for the construction of covalently linked donor-acceptor dyads and brush polymer of dyads is reported. The polymeric LB is built on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) macromers containing either an alkyl or vinyl imidazolium end group that can be readily converted into the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) LB site, while the brush polymer architecture is conveniently constructed via radical polymerization of the macromer P3HT with the vinyl imidazolium chain end. Simply mixing of such donor polymeric LB with C60 rapidly creates linked P3HT-C60 dyads and brush polymer of dyads in which C60 is covalently linked to the NHC junction connecting the vinyl polymer main chain and the brush P3HT side chains. Thermal behaviors, electronic absorption and emission properties of the resulting P3HT-C60 dyads and brush polymer of dyads have been investigated. The results show that a change of the topology of the P3HT-C60 dyad from linear to brush architecture enhances the crystallinity and Tm of the P3HT domain and, along with other findings, they indicate that the brush polymer architecture of donor-acceptor domains provides a promising approach to improve performances of polymer-based solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA.
- School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Miao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Travis S Bailey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1370, USA.
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA.
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29
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Fushimi Y, Koinuma M, Yasuda Y, Nomura K, Asano MS. Effects of End-Groups on Photophysical Properties of Poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-2,7-vinylene)s Linked with Metalloporphyrins: Synthesis and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Fushimi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami
Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Misaki Koinuma
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1
Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yasuda
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1
Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami
Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Motoko S. Asano
- Division
of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1
Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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30
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Schiefer D, Hanselmann R, Sommer M. All-conjugated P3HT donor PCDTBT acceptor graft copolymers synthesised via a grafting through approach. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00612h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A generally applicable synthetic method for all-conjugated graft copolymers is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schiefer
- Makromolekulare Chemie
- Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Ralf Hanselmann
- Makromolekulare Chemie
- Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Michael Sommer
- Makromolekulare Chemie
- Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum
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31
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Nanoscale Morphology from Donor–Acceptor Block Copolymers: Formation and Functions. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28338-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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32
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Watson BW, Meng L, Fetrow C, Qin Y. Core/Shell Conjugated Polymer/Quantum Dot Composite Nanofibers through Orthogonal Non-Covalent Interactions. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8120408. [PMID: 30974686 PMCID: PMC6432181 DOI: 10.3390/polym8120408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructuring organic polymers and organic/inorganic hybrid materials and controlling blend morphologies at the molecular level are the prerequisites for modern electronic devices including biological sensors, light emitting diodes, memory devices and solar cells. To achieve all-around high performance, multiple organic and inorganic entities, each designed for specific functions, are commonly incorporated into a single device. Accurate arrangement of these components is a crucial goal in order to achieve the overall synergistic effects. We describe here a facile methodology of nanostructuring conjugated polymers and inorganic quantum dots into well-ordered core/shell composite nanofibers through cooperation of several orthogonal non-covalent interactions including conjugated polymer crystallization, block copolymer self-assembly and coordination interactions. Our methods provide precise control on the spatial arrangements among the various building blocks that are otherwise incompatible with one another, and should find applications in modern organic electronic devices such as solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad W Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2060, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Lingyao Meng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2060, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Chris Fetrow
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2060, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2060, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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33
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Brady MA, Ku SY, Perez LA, Cochran JE, Schmidt K, Weiss TM, Toney MF, Ade H, Hexemer A, Wang C, Hawker CJ, Kramer EJ, Chabinyc ML. Role of Solution Structure in Self-Assembly of Conjugated Block Copolymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kristin Schmidt
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas M. Weiss
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michael F. Toney
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Harald Ade
- Department
of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Alexander Hexemer
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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34
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Lombeck F, Sepe A, Thomann R, Friend RH, Sommer M. Compatibilization of All-Conjugated Polymer Blends for Organic Photovoltaics. ACS NANO 2016; 10:8087-8096. [PMID: 27482842 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Compatibilization of an immiscible binary blend comprising a conjugated electron donor and a conjugated electron acceptor polymer with suitable electronic properties upon addition of a block copolymer (BCP) composed of the same building blocks is demonstrated. Efficient compatibilization during melt-annealing is feasible when the two polymers are immiscible in the melt, i.e. above the melting point of ∼250 °C of the semicrystalline donor polymer P3HT. To generate immiscibility at these high temperatures, the acceptor polymer PCDTBT is equipped with fluorinated side chains leading to an increased Flory-Huggins interaction parameter. Compatibilization in bulk and thin films is demonstrated, showing that the photovoltaic performance of pristine microphase separated and nanostructured BCPs can also be obtained for compatibilized blend films containing low contents of 10-20 wt % BCP. Thermodynamically stable domain sizes range between several tens of microns for pure blends and ∼10 nm for pure block copolymers. In addition to controlling domain size, the amount of block copolymer added dictates the ratio of edge-on and face-on P3HT crystals, with compatibilized films showing an increasing amount of face-on P3HT crystals with increasing amount of compatibilizer. This study demonstrates the prerequisites and benefits of compatibilizing all-conjugated semicrystalline polymer blends for organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lombeck
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge , 19 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Sepe
- Adolphe Merkle Institute , Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge , 19 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Sommer
- Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- FIT, Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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35
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Predicting the Flory-Huggins χ Parameter for Polymers with Stiffness Mismatch from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8060241. [PMID: 30979334 PMCID: PMC6432250 DOI: 10.3390/polym8060241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flory–Huggins χ parameter describes the excess free energy of mixing and governs phase behavior for polymer blends and block copolymers. For chemically-distinct nonpolar polymers, the value of χ is dominated by the mismatch in cohesive energy densities of the monomers. For blends of chemically-similar polymers, the entropic portion of χ, arising from non-ideal local packing, becomes more significant. Using polymer field theory, Fredrickson et al. predicted that a difference in backbone stiffness can result in a positive χ for chains consisting of chemically-identical monomers. To quantitatively investigate this phenomenon, we perform molecular dynamic (MD) simulations for bead-spring chains, which differ only in stiffness. From the simulations, we apply a novel thermodynamic integration to extract χ as low as 10-4 per monomer for blends with stiffness mismatch. To compare with experiments, we introduce a standardized effective monomer to map real polymers onto our bead-spring chains. The predicted χ agrees well with experimental values for a wide variety of pairs of chemically-similar polymers.
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36
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Hufnagel M, Thelakkat M. Simultaneous morphological stability and high charge carrier mobilities in donor-acceptor block copolymer/PCBM blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hufnagel
- Applied Functional Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Chemistry I; University of Bayreuth; Universitaetsstr. 30 Bayreuth 95440 Germany
| | - Mukundan Thelakkat
- Applied Functional Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Chemistry I; University of Bayreuth; Universitaetsstr. 30 Bayreuth 95440 Germany
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37
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38
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Hufnagel M, Fischer M, Thurn-Albrecht T, Thelakkat M. Influence of Fullerene Grafting Density on Structure, Dynamics, and Charge Transport in P3HT-b-PPC61BM Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hufnagel
- Applied
Functional Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Experimental
Polymer Physics Group, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz
3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Thurn-Albrecht
- Experimental
Polymer Physics Group, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz
3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Mukundan Thelakkat
- Applied
Functional Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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39
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Winands T, Böckmann M, Schemme T, Ly PMT, de Jong DH, Wang Z, Denz C, Heuer A, Doltsinis NL. P3HT:DiPBI bulk heterojunction solar cells: morphology and electronic structure probed by multiscale simulation and UV/vis spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:6217-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06704a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different annealing protocols on the morphology and light absorption of a P3HT:DiPBI mixture is studied by theory and experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Winands
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Marcus Böckmann
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Thomas Schemme
- Institut für Angewandte Physik
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Phong-Minh Timmy Ly
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Djurre H. de Jong
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Cornelia Denz
- Institut für Angewandte Physik
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Andreas Heuer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Nikos L. Doltsinis
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
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40
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Kanibolotsky AL, Findlay NJ, Skabara PJ. Polythiophene and oligothiophene systems modified by TTF electroactive units for organic electronics. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1749-66. [PMID: 26664595 PMCID: PMC4660975 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to give an update on current progress in the synthesis, properties and applications of thiophene-based conjugated systems bearing tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) units. We focus mostly on the synthesis of poly- and oligothiophenes with TTF moieties fused to the thiophene units of the conjugated backbone either directly or via a dithiin ring. The electrochemical behaviour of these materials and structure-property relationships are discussed. The study is directed towards the development of a new type of organic semiconductors based on these hybrid materials for application in organic field effect transistors and solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Kanibolotsky
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom ; Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, 02160 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Neil J Findlay
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Skabara
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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41
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Lombeck F, Komber H, Sepe A, Friend RH, Sommer M. Enhancing Phase Separation and Photovoltaic Performance of All-Conjugated Donor–Acceptor Block Copolymers with Semifluorinated Alkyl Side Chains. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lombeck
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
- Makromolekulare
Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alessandro Sepe
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin
des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Optoelectronics
Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Michael Sommer
- Makromolekulare
Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- FIT, Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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42
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Conjugated polymer/fullerene nanostructures through cooperative non-covalent interactions for organic solar cells. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Haruk AM, Mativetsky JM. Supramolecular Approaches to Nanoscale Morphological Control in Organic Solar Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:13381-406. [PMID: 26110382 PMCID: PMC4490500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160613381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Having recently surpassed 10% efficiency, solar cells based on organic molecules are poised to become a viable low-cost clean energy source with the added advantages of mechanical flexibility and light weight. The best-performing organic solar cells rely on a nanostructured active layer morphology consisting of a complex organization of electron donating and electron accepting molecules. Although much progress has been made in designing new donor and acceptor molecules, rational control over active layer morphology remains a central challenge. Long-term device stability is another important consideration that needs to be addressed. This review highlights supramolecular strategies for generating highly stable nanostructured organic photovoltaic active materials by design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Haruk
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Mativetsky
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
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44
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Poelking C, Tietze M, Elschner C, Olthof S, Hertel D, Baumeier B, Würthner F, Meerholz K, Leo K, Andrienko D. Impact of mesoscale order on open-circuit voltage in organic solar cells. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:434-439. [PMID: 25532071 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural order in organic solar cells is paramount: it reduces energetic disorder, boosts charge and exciton mobilities, and assists exciton splitting. Owing to spatial localization of electronic states, microscopic descriptions of photovoltaic processes tend to overlook the influence of structural features at the mesoscale. Long-range electrostatic interactions nevertheless probe this ordering, making local properties depend on the mesoscopic order. Using a technique developed to address spatially aperiodic excitations in thin films and in bulk, we show how inclusion of mesoscale order resolves the controversy between experimental and theoretical results for the energy-level profile and alignment in a variety of photovoltaic systems, with direct experimental validation. Optimal use of long-range ordering also rationalizes the acceptor-donor-acceptor paradigm for molecular design of donor dyes. We predict open-circuit voltages of planar heterojunction solar cells in excellent agreement with experimental data, based only on crystal structures and interfacial orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Poelking
- 1] Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz, Germany [2] Heidelberg Graduate School of Fundamental Physics, INF 226 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Max Tietze
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, George-Bähr-Straße 10 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chris Elschner
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, George-Bähr-Straße 10 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Selina Olthof
- Physikalische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Luxemburger Straße 116 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Dirk Hertel
- Physikalische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Luxemburger Straße 116 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Björn Baumeier
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Meerholz
- Physikalische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Luxemburger Straße 116 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Karl Leo
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, George-Bähr-Straße 10 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis Andrienko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz, Germany
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45
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Matsushita A, Okamoto S, Tamura E, Inoue T. BCC Grain Formation Triggered by Miscibility Jump on Temperature Drop. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Matsushita
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho,
Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeru Okamoto
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho,
Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Eiko Tamura
- Department
of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tadashi Inoue
- Department
of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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46
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Li F, Yager KG, Dawson NM, Jiang YB, Malloy KJ, Qin Y. Nano-structuring polymer/fullerene composites through the interplay of conjugated polymer crystallization, block copolymer self-assembly and complementary hydrogen bonding interactions. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00934g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Core–shell P3HT/fullerene composite nanofibers were obtained using supramolecular chemistry involving cooperative orthogonal non-covalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | - Kevin G. Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Upton
- USA
| | - Noel M. Dawson
- Center for High Technology Materials
- University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | | | - Kevin J. Malloy
- Center for High Technology Materials
- University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
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47
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Hufnagel M, Fischer M, Thurn-Albrecht T, Thelakkat M. Donor–acceptor block copolymers carrying pendant PC71BM fullerenes with an ordered nanoscale morphology. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01357c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A PC71BM-grafted donor–acceptor block copolymer with enhanced absorption showing a periodic nanostructure of 37 nm both in bulk and in thin films was synthesized by combining KCTP and CRP methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hufnagel
- Applied Functional Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Chemistry I
- University of Bayreuth
- 95440 Bayreuth
- Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Experimental Polymer Physics Group
- Martin-Luther-Universitaet Halle-Wittenberg
- 06120 Halle
- Germany
| | - Thomas Thurn-Albrecht
- Experimental Polymer Physics Group
- Martin-Luther-Universitaet Halle-Wittenberg
- 06120 Halle
- Germany
| | - Mukundan Thelakkat
- Applied Functional Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Chemistry I
- University of Bayreuth
- 95440 Bayreuth
- Germany
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48
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Hooley EN, Jones DJ, Greenham NC, Ghiggino KP, Bell TDM. Charge Transfer in Single Chains of a Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Tri-Block Copolymer. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:7266-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jp510769p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma N. Hooley
- School
of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David J. Jones
- School
of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Neil C. Greenham
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 OHE, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth P. Ghiggino
- School
of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Toby D. M. Bell
- School
of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Guo X, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Imide- and amide-functionalized polymer semiconductors. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8943-9021. [PMID: 25181005 DOI: 10.1021/cr500225d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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Hollinger J, Seferos DS. Morphology Control of Selenophene–Thiophene Block Copolymers through Side Chain Engineering. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501231d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Hollinger
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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