1
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang S, Yu Z, Wang S, Chen W. Electrochemical Trifluoromethylthiolation/Cyclization of N-Arylacrylamides with AgSCF 3: Access to SCF 3-Containing Oxindoles. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39158299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
An environmentally friendly electrochemical strategy for the synthesis of SCF3-containing oxindoles was developed. This electrochemical transformation was accomplished through a cascade trifluoromethylthiolation/cyclization of N-acrylamides with AgSCF3, obviating the requirement for external oxidants. A variety of functional groups were well tolerated in this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Wenbo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
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2
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Sekar P, Gupta A, English LE, Rabbitt CE, Male L, Jupp AR, Davies PW. Regiodivergent Synthesis of 4- and 5-Sulfenyl Oxazoles from Alkynyl Thioethers. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401465. [PMID: 38743746 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The regiodivergent synthesis of 4- and 5-sulfenyl oxazoles from 1,4,2-dioxazoles and alkynyl thioethers has been achieved. Gold-catalysed conditions are used to favour the formation of 5-sulfenyl oxazoles via β-selective attack of the nitrenoid relative to the sulfenyl group. In contrast, 4-sulfenyl oxazoles are formed by α-selective reaction under Brønsted acid conditions from the same substrates. The nature of stabilising gold-sulfur interactions have been investigated by natural bond orbital analysis, showing that the S→Au interactions are significantly stronger in the intermediate that favours the 5-sulfenyl oxazoles. A kinetic survey identifies catalyst inhibition processes. This study into the regiodivergent methods includes the development of telescoped annulation-oxidation protocols for regioselective access to oxazole sulfoxides and sulfones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Sekar
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Aniket Gupta
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Laura E English
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Clare E Rabbitt
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Louise Male
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew R Jupp
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul W Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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3
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Atkins AP, Dean AC, Lennox AJJ. Benzylic C(sp 3)-H fluorination. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1527-1547. [PMID: 39015617 PMCID: PMC11250007 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The selective fluorination of C(sp3)-H bonds is an attractive target, particularly for pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications. Consequently, over recent years much attention has been focused on C(sp3)-H fluorination, and several methods that are selective for benzylic C-H bonds have been reported. These protocols operate via several distinct mechanistic pathways and involve a variety of fluorine sources with distinct reactivity profiles. This review aims to give context to these transformations and strategies, highlighting the different tactics to achieve fluorination of benzylic C-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice C Dean
- University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K.
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4
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Veth L, Windhorst AD, Vugts DJ. Synthesis of 18F-labeled Aryl Trifluoromethyl Sulfones, -Sulfoxides, and -Sulfides for Positron Emission Tomography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404278. [PMID: 38656696 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is becoming increasingly important in nuclear medicine and drug discovery. To date, the development of many potential PET tracers is hampered by the lack of suitable synthetic pathways for their preparation. This is particularly true for the highly desired radiolabeling of compounds bearing [18F]CF3-groups. For instance, S(O)nCF3-groups (n=0, 1, 2) serve as structural motif in a range of biologically active compounds, but their radiosynthesis remains largely unprecedented (for n=1, 2). Herein, we describe general methods for the radiosynthesis of 18F-labeled aryl trifluoromethyl sulfones, -sulfoxides, and -sulfides. All three methods are operationally straightforward, start from widely available precursors, i.e., sulfonyl fluorides and thiophenols, and make use of the recently established [18F]Ruppert-Prakash reagent. Further, the syntheses display good functional group tolerance as demonstrated by the 18F-labeling of more than 40 compounds. The applicability of the new method is demonstrated by the radiolabeling of three bioactive molecules, optionally to be used as PET tracers. In a broader context, this work presents a substantial expansion of the chemical space of radiofluorinated structural motifs to be used for the development of new PET tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Veth
- Dept. of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Dept. of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Dept. of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Yamamoto H, Hattori M, Ito K, Shikano M, Yoshii K. Fluoride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents with Amide Dual-Hydrogen-Bond Donors. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6249-6255. [PMID: 38842330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Developing F--containing electrolytes is crucial for electrochemical and chemical fluorination. However, balancing the F- concentration and electrochemical stability of the electrolytes remains a challenge. In this study, fluoride-based deep eutectic solvents (F-DESs) were obtained by using amide hydrogen-bond donors (HBDs) containing dual N-H bonds. The obtained F-DES, [TMA]F·3.5[1,3-DMU], was prepared by facilely mixing solid compounds of tetramethylammonium fluoride ([TMA]F) and 1,3-dimethylurea (1,3-DMU), resulting in a high F- concentration (2.6 mol dm-3) and a wide electrochemical window (3.1 V) at room temperature. The electrochemical window was much wider than that of [TMA]F·3.5[EG] (EG, ethylene glycol) as another F-DES with an alcohol HBD (1.9 V). Moreover, [TMA]F·3.5[1,3-DMU] exhibited an ionic conductivity that was 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of [TMA]F·3.5[1,3-DMTU] (1,3-DMTU, 1,3-dimethylthiourea) around room temperature because of the bifurcated hydrogen bonds between the dual N-H bonds of 1,3-DMU and one F-. Thus, [TMA]F·3.5[1,3-DMU] was demonstrated to be applicable to electrochemical fluorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamamoto
- Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy, Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Mineyuki Hattori
- Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement, National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kenji Ito
- Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement, National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shikano
- Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy, Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
- Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-2-9 Machiikedai, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-0298, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshii
- Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy, Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
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6
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Dong L, Wang W, Zhou L, Yang W, Xu Z, Cheng J, Shao X, Xu X, Li Z. Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity of Trifluoroethylthio-Substituted Phenylpyrazole Derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11949-11957. [PMID: 38757770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
As the first marketed phenylpyrazole insecticide, fipronil exhibited remarkable broad-spectrum insecticidal activity. However, it poses a significant threat to aquatic organisms and bees due to its high toxicity. Herein, 35 phenylpyrazole derivatives containing a trifluoroethylthio group on the 4 position of the pyrazole ring were designed and synthesized. The predicted physicochemical properties of all of the compounds were within a reasonable range. The biological assay results revealed that compound 7 showed 69.7% lethality against Aedes albopictus (A. albopictus) at the concentration of 0.125 mg/L. Compounds 7, 7g, 8d, and 10j showed superior insecticidal activity for the control of Plutella xylostella (P. xylostella). Notably, compound 7 showed similar insecticidal activity against Aphis craccivora (A. craccivora) compared with fipronil. Potential surface calculation and molecular docking suggested that different lipophilicity and binding models to the Musca domestica (M. domestica) gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors may be responsible for the decreased activity of the tested derivatives. Toxicity tests indicated that compound 8d (LC50 = 14.28 mg/L) induced obviously 14-fold lower toxicity than fipronil (LC50 = 1.05 mg/L) on embryonic-juvenile zebrafish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefeng Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liqi Zhou
- Shanghai GreenTech Laboratory Co. Ltd, 650 Shunqing Road, Shanghai 100093, China
| | - Wulin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xusheng Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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7
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Arora S, Singh T, Singh A. Photocatalytic C2-trifluoroethylation and perfluoroalkylation of 3-substituted indoles using fluoroalkyl halides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4278-4282. [PMID: 38747327 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00392f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A photocatalytic reactivity platform for the C2-trifluoroethylation and perfluoroalkylation of 3-substituted indoles has been developed. A range of fluoroalkyl halides have been employed as radical precursors under mild, transition-metal-free conditions to access new (per)fluorinated chemical space featuring the indole substructure. This general protocol is also applicable to indole-containing peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP-208016, India.
| | - Tavinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP-208016, India.
| | - Anand Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP-208016, India.
- Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Kotak School of Sustainability, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP-208016, India
- Chandrakanta Kesavan Center for Energy Policy and Climate Solutions, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP-208016, India
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8
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Wang H, Abe I. Recent developments in the enzymatic modifications of steroid scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3559-3583. [PMID: 38639195 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00327f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Steroids are an important family of bioactive compounds. Steroid drugs are renowned for their multifaceted pharmacological activities and are the second-largest category in the global pharmaceutical market. Recent developments in biocatalysis and biosynthesis have led to the increased use of enzymes to enhance the selectivity, efficiency, and sustainability for diverse modifications of steroids. This review discusses the advancements achieved over the past five years in the enzymatic modifications of steroid scaffolds, focusing on enzymatic hydroxylation, reduction, dehydrogenation, cascade reactions, and other modifications for future research on the synthesis of novel steroid compounds and related drugs, and new therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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9
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Liu GY, Tang LN, Li JH, Yang S, Chen M. Palladium-catalyzed alkynylation of allylic gem-difluorides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4471-4474. [PMID: 38563905 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01007h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a palladium-catalyzed regioselective alkynylation, esterification, and amination of allylic gem-difluorides via C-F bond activation/transmetallation/β-C elimination or nucleophilic attack has been achieved. This innovative protocol showcases an extensive substrate range and operates efficiently under mild reaction conditions, resulting in high product yields and Z-selectivity. Particularly noteworthy is its exceptional tolerance towards a wide array of functional groups. This developed methodology provides effective and convenient routes to access a diverse array of essential fluorinated enynes, esters and amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Chang-zhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Lu-Ning Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Chang-zhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Jun-Hua Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Chang-zhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Sen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Chang-zhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Chang-zhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
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10
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Wang L, Zhu X, Wang B, Wang Y, Wang M, Yang S, Su C, Chang J, Zhu B. Design, Synthesis, and Activity Evaluation of Fluorine-Containing Scopolamine Analogues as Potential Antidepressants. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5391-5420. [PMID: 38354305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop novel rapid-acting antidepressants with sustained efficacy and favorable safety profiles. We designed and synthesized a series of fluorine-containing scopolamine analogues and evaluated their antidepressant potential. In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed that most of these compounds exhibited minimal toxicity against neuronal and non-neuronal mammalian cell lines (IC50 > 100 μM). The antidepressant activities of the compounds were evaluated using the tail suspension test, and S-3a was identified as a lead compound with potent and sustained antidepressant effects. Behaviorally, S-3a alleviated depressive symptoms in mice and displayed a higher cognitive safety margin than scopolamine. Toxicological assessments confirmed S-3a's safety, while pharmacokinetics showed a rapid clearance (half-life: 16.6 min). Mechanistically, S-3a antagonized M1 receptors and elevated BDNF levels, suggesting its potential as an antidepressant for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xushuo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Shuping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Chenhe Su
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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11
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De Maria A, Nieto-Domínguez M, Nikel PI. Synthesis of fluorinated amino acids by low-specificity, promiscuous aldolases coupled to in situ fluorodonor generation. Methods Enzymol 2024; 696:199-229. [PMID: 38658080 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Fluorine (F) is an important element in the synthesis of molecules broadly used in medicine, agriculture, and materials. F addition to organic structures represents a unique strategy for tuning molecular properties, yet this atom is rarely found in Nature and approaches to produce fluorometabolites (such as fluorinated amino acids, key building blocks for synthesis) are relatively scarce. This chapter discusses the use of L-threonine aldolase enzymes (LTAs), a class of enzymes that catalyze reversible aldol addition to the α-carbon of glycine. The C-C bond formation ability of LTAs, together with their known substrate promiscuity, make them ideal for in vitro F biocatalysis. Here, we describe protocols to harness the activity of the low-specificity LTAs isolated from Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida on 2-fluoroacetaldehyde to efficiently synthesize 4-fluoro-L-threonine in vitro. This chapter also provides a comprehensive account of experimental protocols to implement these activities in vivo. These methods are illustrative and can be adapted to produce other fluorometabolites of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto De Maria
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Manuel Nieto-Domínguez
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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12
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Cui M, Xu Y, Tian R, Duan Z. BF 3-Promoted Ring Expansion of Iminylphosphiranes and Acylphosphiranes for Divergent Access to 1,2-Azaphospholidines and 1,2-Dihydrophosphetes. Org Lett 2024; 26:1819-1823. [PMID: 38415589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Ring expansion of strained small rings provides an efficient method for the synthesis of various high-value carbocycles and heterocycles. Here we report BF3·Et2O as both an activating reagent and fluorine source, enabling ring expansion of phosphirane and P-F bond formation. Treatment of 1-iminylphosphirane complexes with BF3·Et2O resulted in 1,2-azaphospholidines, while the reaction of 1-acylphosphirane complexes with BF3·Et2O afforded 1,2-dihydrophosphetes. The reaction path was tuned by the nucleophilicity of the N and O atoms toward the intermediate phosphenium cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Cui
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Rongqiang Tian
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Duan
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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13
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Henary E, Casa S, Dost TL, Sloop JC, Henary M. The Role of Small Molecules Containing Fluorine Atoms in Medicine and Imaging Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:281. [PMID: 38543068 PMCID: PMC10975950 DOI: 10.3390/ph17030281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The fluorine atom possesses many intrinsic properties that can be beneficial when incorporated into small molecules. These properties include the atom's size, electronegativity, and ability to block metabolic oxidation sites. Substituents that feature fluorine and fluorine-containing groups are currently prevalent in drugs that lower cholesterol, relieve asthma, and treat anxiety disorders, as well as improve the chemical properties of various medications and imaging agents. The dye scaffolds (fluorescein/rhodamine, coumarin, BODIPY, carbocyanine, and squaraine dyes) reported will address the incorporation of the fluorine atom in the scaffold and the contribution it provides to its application as an imaging agent. It is also important to recognize radiolabeled fluorine atoms used for PET imaging in the early detection of diseases. This review will discuss the many benefits of incorporating fluorine atoms into small molecules and give examples of fluorinated molecules used in the pharmaceutical industry and imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Henary
- School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, 1000 University Center Lane, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA; (E.H.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Stefanie Casa
- Department of Chemistry, Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.C.); (T.L.D.)
| | - Tyler L. Dost
- Department of Chemistry, Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.C.); (T.L.D.)
| | - Joseph C. Sloop
- School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, 1000 University Center Lane, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA; (E.H.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Maged Henary
- Department of Chemistry, Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.C.); (T.L.D.)
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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14
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Ke M, Li X, Zong J, Wang B, Zheng J, Zhang S, Chen JA, Chen F. Asymmetric Construction of Carbon-Fluorine Quaternary Stereogenic Centers via Synergistic Pd/Cu Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:1201-1206. [PMID: 38308848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
We developed an asymmetric decarboxylative allylic alkylation of vinylethylene carbonates with α-fluoro pyridinyl acetates through a synergistic palladium/copper catalysis. This protocol provides chiral allylic alcohol with carbon-fluorine quaternary stereogenic centers in good yield with good enantioselectivities and excellent regioselectivities. The utility of this approach was further demonstrated via a gram-scale experiment and derivatizations of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaolin Ke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Zong
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Zheng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shujia Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ai Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Fener Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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15
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Wen L, Zou Z, Zhou N, Sun C, Xie P, Feng P. Electrochemical Fluorination Functionalization of gem-Difluoroalkenes with CsF as a Fluorine Source: Access to Fluoroalkyl Building Blocks. Org Lett 2024; 26:241-246. [PMID: 38156980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Using easily handled CsF as a fluorine source, an electrochemically metal-free protocol for chemo- and regioselective synthesis of various types of long-chain perfluoroalkyl aromatics with gem-difluoroalkene as a substrate and an alcohol or azole as an additional nucleophile was developed. The eletrochemical transformation could tolerate several functional groups, such as halogens, cyanos, benzyls, and heterocycles, and is amenable to gram-scale. The application of this electrochemical method in radiofluorination was also tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzi Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ziyan Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Naifu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chengbo Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Peixu Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pengju Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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16
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Kubota K, Jiang J, Kamakura Y, Hisazumi R, Endo T, Miura D, Kubo S, Maeda S, Ito H. Using Mechanochemistry to Activate Commodity Plastics as Initiators for Radical Chain Reactions of Small Organic Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1062-1070. [PMID: 38134051 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Radical initiators such as azo compounds and organic peroxides have been widely used to facilitate numerous transformations of free radicals, which enable the efficient synthesis of structurally complex molecules, natural products, polymers, and functional materials. However, these high-energy reagents are potentially explosive and thus often require special precautions or delicate operating conditions. We postulated that a more convenient and safer alternative for radical chain initiation could be developed by mechanical activation of thermodynamically stable covalent bonds. Here, we show that commodity plastics such as polyethylene and poly(vinyl acetate) are capable of acting as efficient initiators for radical chain reactions under solvent-free mechanochemical conditions. In this approach, polymeric mechanoradicals, which are generated by homolytic cleavage of the polymer chains in response to the applied mechanical energy provided by ball milling, react with tris(trimethylsilyl)silane to initiate radical chain dehalogenation of organic halides. Preliminary calculations support our proposed force-induced radical chain mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kubota
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Julong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuri Kamakura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Reon Hisazumi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsubura Endo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daiyo Miura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shotaro Kubo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
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17
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Qin H, Wei GL, Zheng XW, Zhang YW, Huang P. Selectfluor Mediated Direct C-H Fluorination of 3-Heteroaryl-Oxindoles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:740-747. [PMID: 38101804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
An efficient transition-metal-free fluorination synthesis of N-H-free 3-heteroaryl-oxindoles with Selectfluor was depicted. Under mild reaction conditions, a series of 3-heteroaryl-fluorooxindoles were produced in yield of 62-88% using Selectfluor as a fluorine source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qin
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Guo-Liang Wei
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zheng
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yi-Wen Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
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18
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Liang Y, Chen X, Teng Z, Wang X, Yang J, Liu G. Discovery of a 4-Hydroxy-3'-Trifluoromethoxy-Substituted Resveratrol Derivative as an Anti-Aging Agent. Molecules 2023; 29:86. [PMID: 38202669 PMCID: PMC10779923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
With the intensification of population aging, aging-related diseases are attracting more and more attention, thus, the study of aging mechanisms and anti-aging drugs is becoming increasingly urgent. Resveratrol is a potential candidate as an anti-aging agent, but its low bioavailability limits its application in vivo. In this work, a 4-hydroxy-3'-trifluoromethoxy-substituted resveratrol derivative (4-6), owing to its superior cell accumulation, could inhibit NO production in an inflammatory cell model, inhibit oxidative cytotoxicity, and reduce ROS accumulation and the population of apoptotic cells in an oxidative stress cell model. In D-galactose (D-gal)-stimulated aging mice, 4-6 could reverse liver and kidney damage; protect the serum, brain, and liver against oxidative stress; and increase the body's immunity in the spleen. Further D-gal-induced brain aging studies showed that 4-6 could improve the pathological changes in the hippocampus and the dysfunction of the cholinergic system. Moreover, protein expression related to aging, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the brain tissue homogenate measured via Western blotting also showed that 4-6 could ameliorate brain aging by protecting against oxidative stress and reducing apoptosis. This work revealed that meta-trifluoromethoxy substituted 4-6 deserved to be further investigated as an effective anti-aging candidate drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhu Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng 252059, China (X.W.)
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng 252059, China (X.W.)
| | - Zhifeng Teng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng 252059, China (X.W.)
| | - Xuekun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng 252059, China (X.W.)
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng 252059, China (X.W.)
- Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Quality Control and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Ganoderma Lucidum, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Guoyun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng 252059, China (X.W.)
- Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Quality Control and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Ganoderma Lucidum, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng 252059, China
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19
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Purushotam, Bera A, Banerjee D. Recent advances on non-precious metal-catalysed fluorination, difluoromethylation, trifluoromethylation, and perfluoroalkylation of N-heteroarenes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9298-9315. [PMID: 37855147 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01132a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent advances, from 2015 to 2023, on the introduction of organo-fluorine derivatives at the N-heteroarene core. Notable features considering new technologies based on organofluorine compounds such as: (i) approaches based on non-precious metal catalysis (Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, etc.), (ii) the development of new strategies using non-precious metal-catalysts for the introduction of organo-fluorinine derivatives using N-heterocycles with one or more heteroatoms, (iii) newer reagents for fluorination, difluoromethylation, trifluoromethylation, or perfluoroalkylation of N-heteroarenes using different approaches, (iv) mechanistic studies on various catalytic transformations, as and when required, and (v) the synthetic applications of various bio-active organo-fluorine compounds, including post-synthetic drug derivatization, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purushotam
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Atanu Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Debasis Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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20
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Deng Y, Zhang J, Sun X, Li L, Zhou M, Liu S, Chen F, Pan C, Yu Z, Li M, Zhong W, Zeng M. Potent gene delivery from fluorinated poly(β-amino ester) in adhesive and suspension difficult-to-transfect cells for apoptosis and ferroptosis. J Control Release 2023; 363:597-605. [PMID: 37793484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous efforts have been made to improve polymeric property in gene delivery performances, especially when obstacle of transferring gene construct into difficult-to-transfect cells occurs. Innovations in the area of fluorination and fluorinated compounds with biomedical potential in medicinal chemistry are believed to assist in the development of new therapeutics. Fluorine modified polymers have shown to navigate the gene transfection cellular barriers and promoted the transfection outcomes. Gene transfer into some liver cancer cells and human leukemia cells has always been a challenge. Here, by facile incorporation of a fluorine containing amine monomer, 1H,1H-undecafluorohexylamine, fluorinated poly(β-amino ester) (FPAE) was synthesized to significantly improve the transfection performance, achieving high transfection efficiency of 87% and 55% in two representative difficult-to-transfect cells, HepG2 and Molt-4, which were cultured in adhesive and suspension condition, respectively. However, the potency of Lipofectamine 3000 was very limited. More importantly, functional studies revealed that FPAE can dramatically outperform Lipofectamine 3000 in delivering Bcl-xL and PKCβII to either provide the protection against apoptosis or promote the ferroptosis in HepG2 cells. This work facilitates gene therapies by overcoming biological barriers for targeting difficult-to-transfect cells and disease models when medically necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Deng
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ximeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Liangtao Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Mandi Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fuying Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Chaolan Pan
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ziyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Wenbin Zhong
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Dermatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
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21
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Nowak M, Dyba AJ, Gołkowska AM, Nieckarz A, Krajewska K, Malec K, Iuga D, Karolewicz B, Khimyak YZ, Nartowski KP. Probing fluconazole deposition inside mesoporous silica using solid-state NMR spectroscopy: Crystallization of a confined metastable form and phase transformations under storage conditions. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123403. [PMID: 37716486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of molecules into mesoporous silica carriers continues to attract considerable interest in the area of drug delivery and crystal engineering. Here, MCM-41, SBA-15 and MCF silica matrices were used to encapsulate fluconazole (FLU), a pharmaceutically relevant molecule with known conformational flexibility, using the melting method. The composites have been characterized using 1H, 13C and 19F NMR spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, PXRD and thermal analysis (DSC, TGA). Drug loading up to 50 wt% allowed us to probe the crystallization process and to detect different local environments of confined FLU molecules. 19F NMR spectroscopy enabled us to detect the gradual pore filling of silica with FLU and differentiate the amorphous domains and surface species. The use of the complementary structural and thermal techniques enabled us to monitor crystallization of the metastable FLU form II in MCF. Using 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy we observed pore-size dependent reversible dehydration/hydration behaviour in the MCM and SBA composites. As water content has considerable importance in understanding of physicochemical stability and shelf-life of pharmaceutical formulations, experimental evidence of the effect of API-water-carrier interactions on the API adsorption mechanism on silica surface is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Nowak
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra J Dyba
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna M Gołkowska
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Nieckarz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Krajewska
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malec
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dinu Iuga
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Bożena Karolewicz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Yaroslav Z Khimyak
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Karol P Nartowski
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich, United Kingdom
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22
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Li R, Zhang J, Sun M, Xu J, Huang GB, Yan J, Yang J, Wang Z, Ma C. Synthesis of Fluoro 3(2H)-Furanones via a TFA-Catalyzed Dehydrofluorinative Cyclization of 2,2-Difluoro-3-hydroxy-1,4-diketones. Org Lett 2023; 25:7057-7061. [PMID: 37702796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
A TFA-catalyzed dehydrofluorinative cyclization of 2,2-difluoro-3-hydroxy-1,4-diketones has been developed in the presence of amines under mild conditions in which the difluorinated substrates are readily prepared according to our reported literature. This protocol provides a rapid construction of fluoro 3(2H)-furanones in good to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance. Easy scale-up synthesis also shows a practical advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyao Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Manman Sun
- Advanced Research Institute and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Jinjing Xu
- Advanced Research Institute and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Bo Huang
- Advanced Research Institute and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Yan
- Zhejiang Lepu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Yang
- Advanced Research Institute and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Advanced Research Institute and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
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23
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Wang X, Li J, Lei J, Xu X, Zheng Y, Chen J, Tian X, Gou Q. Fluorination effects probed in 4-fluoroacetophenone and its monohydrate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:25450-25457. [PMID: 37712319 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01578e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Rotational spectra of the 4-fluoroacetophenone monomer and its monohydrate were investigated by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy complemented with quantum chemical calculations. One conformer of 4-fluoroacetophenone and two isomers of 4-fluoroacetophenone-H2O have been observed in the pulsed jets. The observation of all mono-substituted 13C isotopologues in natural abundance allows an accurate structural determination of the 4-fluoroacetophenone monomer. Both detected isomers of 4-fluoroacetophenone-H2O are stabilized by a dominant O-H⋯O and a secondary C-H⋯O hydrogen bond. The fluorination effects on the geometries, intermolecular non-covalent interactions and V3 barrier of the methyl internal rotation were analysed. The relative population ratio of the two observed isomers for 4-fluoroacetophenone-H2O was also estimated to be NI/NII ≈ 7/1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Daxuecheng South Rd. 55, 401331, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jiayi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Daxuecheng South Rd. 55, 401331, Chongqing, China.
| | - Juncheng Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Daxuecheng South Rd. 55, 401331, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xuefang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Daxuecheng South Rd. 55, 401331, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yang Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Daxuecheng South Rd. 55, 401331, Chongqing, China.
| | - Junhua Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiao Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Daxuecheng South Rd. 55, 401331, Chongqing, China.
| | - Qian Gou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Daxuecheng South Rd. 55, 401331, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Daxuecheng South Rd. 55, 401331, Chongqing, China
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24
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Zhao P, Wang W, Gulder T. Hypervalent Fluoro-iodane-Triggered Semipinacol Rearrangements: Synthesis of α-Fluoro Ketones. Org Lett 2023; 25:6560-6565. [PMID: 37615672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Hypervalent fluoro-λ3-iodanes have emerged as versatile reagents that provide unusual fluorination selectivities under mild reaction conditions. Here, we report on adding a semipinacol rearrangement, fluorination, and aryl migration cascade reaction of styrene derivatives. Thus, various cyclopentanones became accessible in up to 96% yield, all bearing tertiary C,F-carbon centers adjacent to the ketone group. Such fluorinated structural motifs are difficult to build with previously established methods. Preliminary experiments on enantioselective processes validated that asymmetric transformations are likewise feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Zhao
- Biomimetic Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wanying Wang
- Biomimetic Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tanja Gulder
- Biomimetic Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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25
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Komatsuda M, Yamaguchi J. Ring-Opening Fluorination of Carbo/Heterocycles and Aromatics: Construction of Complex and Diverse Fluorine-Containing Molecules. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200281. [PMID: 36604947 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-containing molecules have attracted much attention in medicinal, agrochemical, and materials sciences because they offer unique physical and biological properties. Therefore, many efficient fluorination reactions have been developed over the years. Recent advancements in fluorination chemistry have expanded the range of substrates, and regioselectivity/stereoselectivity control has also been achieved. Ring-opening fluorination is an efficient method to construct complex fluorine-containing molecules with diversity, starting from simple cyclic compounds. This review aims to summarize developments in ring-opening fluorination, particularly with larger-sized cyclic compounds. Fluorine introduction and bond cleavage of cyclic compounds such as carbocycles, heterocycles, and aromatics provide efficient access to fluorine-containing compounds that are difficult to be synthesized by conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Komatsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan
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26
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Demonti L, Joven-Sancho D, Nebra N. Cross-Coupling Reactions Enabled by Well-Defined Ag(III) Compounds: Main Focus on Aromatic Fluorination and Trifluoromethylation. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300143. [PMID: 37338273 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
AgIII compounds are considered strong oxidizers of difficult handling. Accordingly, the involvement of Ag catalysts in cross-coupling via 2e- redox sequences is frequently discarded. Nevertheless, organosilver(III) compounds have been authenticated using tetradentate macrocycles or perfluorinated groups as supporting ligands, and since 2014, first examples of cross-coupling enabled by AgI /AgIII redox cycles saw light. This review collects the most relevant contributions to this field, with main focus on aromatic fluorination/perfluoroalkylation and the identification of AgIII key intermediates. Pertinent comparison between the activity of AgIII RF compounds in aryl-F and aryl-CF3 couplings vs. the one shown by its CuIII RF and AuIII RF congeners is herein disclosed, thus providing a more profound picture on the scope of these transformations and the pathways commonly associated to C-RF bond formations enabled by coinage metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Demonti
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA)., Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS., 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France)
| | - Daniel Joven-Sancho
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA)., Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS., 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France)
| | - Noel Nebra
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA)., Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS., 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France)
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Briand M, Anselmi E, Dagousset G, Magnier E. The Revival of Enantioselective Perfluoroalkylation - Update of New Synthetic Approaches from 2015-2022. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300114. [PMID: 37219007 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, methods devoted to the synthesis of asymmetric molecules bearing a perfluoroalkylated chain have been limited in number. Among them, only a few can be used on a large variety of scaffolds. This microreview aims at summarizing these recent advances in enantioselective perfluoroalkylation (-CF3 , -CF2 H, -Cn F2n+1 ) and highlights the need for new enantioselective methods to easily synthesize chiral fluorinated molecules which would be useful for the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Some perspectives are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Briand
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, UMR 8180 Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Elsa Anselmi
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, UMR 8180 Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France
- Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Guillaume Dagousset
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, UMR 8180 Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Magnier
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, UMR 8180 Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France
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Feng Z, Riemann L, Guo Z, Herrero D, Simon M, Golz C, Mata RA, Alcarazo M. Pentafluorocyclopropanation of (Hetero)arenes Using Sulfonium Salts: Applications in Late-Stage Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306764. [PMID: 37402213 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of the pentafluorocyclopropyl group as a chemotype in crop protection and medicinal chemistry has been hampered in the past by the lack of suitable methodologies that enable the practical incorporation of this moiety into advanced synthetic intermediates. Herein, we report the gram-scale synthesis of an unprecedented sulfonium salt, 5-(pentafluorocyclopropyl)dibenzothiophenium triflate, and its use as a versatile reagent for the photoinduced C-H pentafluorocyclopropylation of a broad series of non-previously functionalized (hetero)arenes through a radical mediated mechanism. The scope and potential benefits of the protocol developed are further demonstrated by the late-stage introduction of the pentafluorocyclopropyl unit into biologically relevant molecules and widely used pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Feng
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lucas Riemann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zichen Guo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Herrero
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Simon
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A Mata
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Srinivasu V, Das D, Chandu P, Ghosh KG, Sureshkumar D. Metal-Free Photoredox Four-Component Strategy to 1,3-Functionalized BCP Derivatives. Org Lett 2023; 25:5308-5313. [PMID: 37417829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Trifluoromethyl bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) have attracted significant attention from the scientific community and pharmaceutical industries due to their advantageous physicochemical properties as arene bioisosteres. Initial photoredox perfluoroalkylation of [1.1.1]propellane triggers the tandem reaction to the perfluoroalkyl BCP radical followed by Giese addition to an in situ generated electron-deficient alkene by Knoevenagel condensation in a four-component fashion to form 1,3-functionalized BCPs. This strategy provides easy access to various 1,3-functionalized perfluoroalkyl BCP derivatives with the added advantage of nitrile group as a functional handle to diversified transformations. This methodology offers scalability and late-stage derivatization of drug molecules with high chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinjamuri Srinivasu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Debabrata Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Palasetty Chandu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishna Gopal Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Devarajulu Sureshkumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
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Gruden E, Prinčič GG, Hočevar J, Iskra J, Kvíčala J, Tavčar G. From cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) precursors to fluorinating reagents. Experimental and theoretical study. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37368434 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01476b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Addition of anhydrous HF to the hydrochloride [MeCAACH][Cl(HCl)0.5] resulted in the formation of salts with high HF content. By stepwise removal of HF in vacuo, we selectively prepared [MeCAACH][F(HF)2] (3) and [MeCAACH][F(HF)3] (4). We also characterised a salt with [F(HF)4]- anions within the structure of [MeCAACH][F(HF)3.5] (5). Compounds with a lower content of HF were not accessible under vacuum conditions. MeCAAC(H)F (1) was selectively prepared by abstraction of HF from 3 with CsF or KF, while [MeCAACH][F(HF)] (2) was prepared by mixing 3 and 1 in a 1 : 1 ratio. Compound 2 proved to be quite unstable as it tends to disproportionate into 1 and 3. This observation triggered our computational study, in which the structural relationships between CAAC-based fluoropyrrolidines and dihydropyrrolium fluorides were investigated using different DFT methods. The study showed that the results were very sensitive to the computational method used. For a correct description, the quality of the triple-ζ basis set was crucial. Surprisingly, the isodesmic reaction of [MeCAACH][F] + [MeCAACH][F(HF)2] → [MeCAACH][F(HF)] + [MeCAACH][F(HF)] did not confirm the low thermodynamic stability of 2. Furthermore, the use of 3 as a nucleophilic fluorinating reagent was tested on a range of organic substrates, as it is the most stable compound in this series. It was found to have the potential to fluorinate benzyl bromides, 1- and 2-alkyl bromides, silanes and sulfonyls with good to excellent yields of the target fluorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Gruden
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Griša Grigorij Prinčič
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jan Hočevar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Iskra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jaroslav Kvíčala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gašper Tavčar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Dai J, Zhang J, Fu D, Liu M, Zhang H, Tang S, Wang L, Xu S, Zhu W, Tang Q, Zheng P, Chen T. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-(4-aminophenoxy)picolinamide derivatives as potential antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115499. [PMID: 37229832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death in humans. Molecular targeted therapy for cancer has become a research hotspot as it is associated with low toxicity and high efficiency. In this study, a total of 36 derivatives of 4-(4-aminophenoxy)pyridinamide were designed and synthesized, based on the analysis of the binding patterns of cabozantinib and BMS-777607 to MET protein. Most target compounds exhibited moderate to excellent antiproliferative activity against three different cell lines (A549, HeLa and MCF-7). A total of 7 compounds had stronger inhibitory activities than cabozantinib, and the IC50 value of the most promising compound 46 was 0.26 μM against the A549 cells, which was 2.4 times more active than that of cabozantinib. The structure-activity relationship of the target compounds was analyzed and summarized, and the action mechanism was discussed. The acridine orange (AO) staining assay and cell cycle apoptosis revealed that compound 46 dose-dependently induced apoptosis of A549 cells, and blocked the cells mainly in G0/G1 phase. The IC50 value of compound 46 on c-Met kinase was 46.5 nM. Further docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations signaled that compound 46 formed four key hydrogen bonds to c-Met kinase, and these key amino acids played a major role in binding free energy. In addition, compound 46 also showed good pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats. In conclusion, compound 46 is a promising antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintian Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China; Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Dongxue Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Sheng Tang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Linxiao Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Qidong Tang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Pengwu Zheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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32
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Leibler INM, Gandhi SS, Tekle-Smith MA, Doyle AG. Strategies for Nucleophilic C(sp 3)-(Radio)Fluorination. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9928-9950. [PMID: 37094357 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective surveys the progress and current limitations of nucleophilic fluorination methodologies. Despite the long and rich history of C(sp3)-F bond construction in chemical research, the inherent challenges associated with this transformation have largely constrained nucleophilic fluorination to a privileged reaction platform. In recent years, the Doyle group─along with many others─has pursued the study and development of this transformation with the intent of generating deeper mechanistic understanding, developing user-friendly fluorination reagents, and contributing to the invention of synthetic methods capable of enabling radiofluorination. Studies from our laboratory are discussed along with recent developments from others in this field. Fluoride reagent development and the mechanistic implications of reagent identity are highlighted. We also outline the chemical space inaccessible by current synthetic technologies and a series of future directions in the field that can potentially fill the existing dark spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivaani S Gandhi
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Makeda A Tekle-Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Sancheti SP, Mondal DJ, Patil NT. Fluorination of α-Imino Gold Carbenes to Access C 3-Fluorinated Aza-Heterocycles. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank P. Sancheti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Dibya Jyoti Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Nitin T. Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, India
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García-Abellán S, Barrena-Espés D, Munarriz J, Passarelli V, Iglesias M. Cobalt-catalysed nucleophilic fluorination in organic carbonates. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:4585-4594. [PMID: 36928731 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00731f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The novel P-N ligand 1-((diphenylphosphaneyl)methyl)-1H-benzo-1,2,3-triazole (1), based on a benzotriazole scaffold, has been prepared. The reaction of 1 with [CoCp*(CH3CN)3][BF4]2 and [CoCp*(I)2]2 (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) affords the chelate complexes [CoCp*(CH3CN)(P-N)][BF4]2 (2) and [CoCp*(I)(P-N)]I (3), respectively. Complexes 2 and 3 were studied as catalysts in the fluorination of aromatic and aliphatic acyl chlorides in CH2Cl2, with 3 showing notably higher activities than 2. Subsequently, organic carbonates (dimethyl carbonate and propylene carbonate) were also employed as solvents, which led to shorter reaction times and to the broadening of the substrate scope to a variety of aliphatic halides. Comparative studies between 3 and the analogous complex [CoCp*(I)2(PMePh2)], which features a monodentate phosphane ligand, showed that higher yields were obtained in the case of the former. DFT calculations and experimental studies were performed in order to shed light on the reaction mechanism, which entails the formation of a cobalt fluoride species that reacts via nucleophilic attack with the substrate to afford the corresponding fluorinated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana García-Abellán
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Daniel Barrena-Espés
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica. Universidad de Oviedo. Avda. Julián Clavería 8, 33006-Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julen Munarriz
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica. Universidad de Oviedo. Avda. Julián Clavería 8, 33006-Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Passarelli
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Manuel Iglesias
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain.
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Ramkumar N, Baumane L, Zacs D, Veliks J. Merging Copper(I) Photoredox Catalysis and Iodine(III) Chemistry for the Oxy-monofluoromethylation of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219027. [PMID: 36692216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A simple process for the oxy-monofluoromethylation of alkenes is described. In combination with visible-light copper(I) photoredox catalysis, an easily accessible iodine(III) reagent containing monofluoroacetoxy ligands serves as a powerful source of a monofluoromethyl (CH2 F) radical, enabling the step economical synthesis of γ-fluoro-acetates from a broad range of olefinic substrates under mild conditions. Applications to late-stage diversification of alkenes derived from complex molecules, amino acids and the synthesis of fluoromethylated heterocycles are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Ramkumar
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Larisa Baumane
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Dzintars Zacs
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, LV-1076, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Veliks
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
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36
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Carbocation Catalysis in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-023-03157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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37
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Bing JA, Johnston JN. Enantioselective Synthesis of cis- and trans-Cycloheptyl β-Fluoro Amines by Sequential aza-Henry Addition/Ring-Closing Metathesis. Org Lett 2023; 25:950-955. [PMID: 36735762 PMCID: PMC10240541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 7-membered carbocyclic β-fluoroamines is accomplished by a combination of the enantioselective aza-Henry reaction of aliphatic N-Boc imines and ring-closing metathesis. Use of reductive denitration gives both diastereomers of the β-fluoro amine carbocycle, each with high enantiomeric excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade A. Bing
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Jeffrey N. Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
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38
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Hulme MC, Hayatbakhsh A, Brignall RM, Gilbert N, Costello A, Schofield CJ, Williamson DC, Kemsley EK, Sutcliffe OB, Mewis RE. Detection, discrimination and quantification of amphetamine, cathinone and nor-ephedrine regioisomers using benchtop 1 H and 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2023; 61:73-82. [PMID: 33786881 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amphetamine and cathinone derivatives are abused recreationally due to the sense of euphoria they provide to the user. Methodologies for the rapid detection of the drug derivative present in a seized sample, or an indication of the drug class, are beneficial to law enforcement and healthcare providers. Identifying the drug class is prudent because derivatisation of these drugs, to produce regioisomers, for example, occurs frequently to circumvent global and local drug laws. Thus, newly encountered derivatives might not be present in a spectral library. Employment of benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) could be used to provide rapid analysis of seized samples as well as identifying the class of drug present. Discrimination of individual amphetamine-, methcathinone-, N-ethylcathinone and nor-ephedrine-derived fluorinated and methylated regioisomers is achieved herein using qualitative automated 1 H NMR analysis and compared to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data. Two seized drug samples, SS1 and SS2, were identified to contain 4-fluoroamphetamine by 1 H NMR (match score median = 0.9933) and GC-MS (RRt = 5.42-5.43 min). The amount of 4-fluoroamphetamine present was 42.8%-43.4% w/w and 48.7%-49.2% w/w for SS1 and SS2, respectively, from quantitative 19 F NMR analysis, which is in agreement with the amount determined by GC-MS (39.9%-41.4% w/w and 49.0%-49.3% w/w). The total time for the qualitative 1 H NMR and quantitative 19 F NMR analysis is ~10 min. This contrasts to ~40 min for the GC-MS method. The NMR method also benefits from minimal sample preparation. Thus, benchtop NMR affords rapid, and discriminatory, analysis of the drug present in a seized sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Hulme
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Armita Hayatbakhsh
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Nicolas Gilbert
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Costello
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Police, Openshaw Complex, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Police, Openshaw Complex, Manchester, UK
| | | | - E Kate Kemsley
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Oliver B Sutcliffe
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Ryan E Mewis
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE), Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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39
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Gutiérrez-Bonet Á, Liu W. Synthesis of Alkyl Fluorides and Fluorinated Unnatural Amino Acids via Photochemical Decarboxylation of α-Fluorinated Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2023; 25:483-487. [PMID: 36652608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Leveraging α-fluoroalkyl or fluorobenzyl radicals to introduce fluorinated motifs allows for the rapid preparation of fluorine-containing building blocks. Herein, we report the generation of α-fluoroalkyl or fluorobenzyl radicals from readily available α-fluorocarboxylic acids under mild reaction conditions and their utilization in the Giese-type addition on Michael acceptors and dehydroamino acids, resulting in the preparation of mono- and difluorinated Michael addition adducts and unnatural fluorinated amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Gutiérrez-Bonet
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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40
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Kvasha DA, Deviatkin A, Poturai AS, Nosik PS, Kyrylchuk AA, Suikov S, Rozhenko AB, Volochnyuk DM, Grygorenko OO. Metal-Free C-H Difluoromethylation of Imidazoles with the Ruppert-Prakash Reagent. J Org Chem 2023; 88:163-171. [PMID: 36520999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of trimethyl(trifluoromethyl)silane-tetrabutylammonium difluorotriphenylsilicate (CF3SiMe3-TBAT) with a series of imidazoles gives products of the formal difluorocarbene insertion into the C-H bond at the C-2 position (i.e., C-difluoromethylation). According to NMR spectra, the corresponding 2-(trimethylsilyl)difluoromethyl-substituted derivatives are likely formed as the intermediates in the reaction, and then, they slowly convert to 2-difluoromethyl-substituted imidazoles. Quantum chemical calculations of two plausible reaction mechanisms indicate that it proceeds through the intermediate imidazolide anion stabilized through the interaction with solvent molecules and counterions. In the first proposed mechanism, the anion reacts with difluorocarbene without an activation barrier, and then, the CF2 moiety of the adduct attacks the CF3SiMe3 molecule. After the elimination of the CF3 anion, 2-(trimethylsilyl)difluromethyl-substituted imidazole is formed. Another possible reaction pathway includes silylation of imidazolide anion at the N-3 atom, followed by the barrierless addition of difluorocarbene at the C-2 atom and then by 1,3-shift of the SiMe3 group from N-3 to the carbon atom of the CF2 moiety. Both proposed mechanisms do not include steps with high activation barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys A Kvasha
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Str. 78, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyïv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Andrii Deviatkin
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Str. 78, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyïv 01601, Ukraine
| | | | - Pavel S Nosik
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Str. 78, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyïv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Andrii A Kyrylchuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Str. 78, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademik Kukhar Str. 5, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy Suikov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademik Kukhar Str. 5, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Alexander B Rozhenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademik Kukhar Str. 5, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine.,University of Bielefeld, Universitätstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dmitriy M Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Str. 78, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyïv 01601, Ukraine.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademik Kukhar Str. 5, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Str. 78, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyïv 01601, Ukraine
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41
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Feng Z, Marset X, Tostado J, Kircher J, She Z, Golz C, Mata RA, Simon M, Alcarazo M. 5-(Trifluorovinyl)dibenzothiophenium Triflate: Introducing the 1,1,2-Trifluoroethylene Tether in Drug-Like Structures. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202203966. [PMID: 36545870 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript reports the synthesis and structure of an unprecedented sulfonium salt, 5-(trifluorovinyl)dibenzothiophenium triflate, and its use as a versatile reagent for the introduction of the bioisosteric 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene linker in drug-like structures. The protocol developed consists of the reaction of this compound with alcohols and phenols to deliver a complete set of 1,2,2-trifluoro-2-(alkoxy-/aryloxy)ethyl sulfonium salts, which have been purified by column chromatography and fully characterized. Subsequent single electron reduction under mild photochemical conditions efficiently affords the corresponding fluoroalkyl radicals that are trapped either intra- or intermolecularly through their reaction with (hetero)arenes. Theoretical calculations are used to evaluate the conformational consequences derived from the presence of the CF2 -CHF tether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Feng
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xavier Marset
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jaime Tostado
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kircher
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhijie She
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A Mata
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Simon
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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42
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Qian BC, Zhu CZ, Shen GB. The Application of Sulfonyl Hydrazides in Electrosynthesis: A Review of Recent Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39531-39561. [PMID: 36385900 PMCID: PMC9648049 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonyl hydrazides are viewed as alternatives to sulfinic acids and their salts or sulfonyl halides, which are broadly used in organic synthesis or work as active pharmaceutical substances. Generally, sulfonyl hydrazides are considered good building blocks and show powerful value in a diverse range of reactions to construct C-S bonds or C-C bonds, and even C-N bonds as sulfur, carbon, or nitrogen sources, respectively. As a profound synthetic tool, the electrosynthesis method was recently used to achieve efficient and green applications of sulfonyl hydrazides. Interestingly, many unique and novel electrochemical syntheses using sulfonyl hydrazides as radical precursors have been developed, including cascade reactions, functionalization of heterocycles, as well as a continuous flow method combining with electrochemical synthesis since 2017. Accordingly, it is necessary to specifically summarize the recent developments of electrosynthesis with only sulfonyl hydrazides as radical precursors to more deeply understand and better design novel electrochemical synthesis reactions. Herein, electrosynthesis research using sulfonyl hydrazides as radical precursors since 2017 is reviewed in detail based on the chemical structures of products and reaction mechanisms.
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43
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Li W, Ye B, Yang J, Wang Y, Yang C, Pan Y, Tang H, Wang D, Li Y. A Single‐Atom Cobalt Catalyst for the Fluorination of Acyl Chlorides at Parts‐per‐Million Catalyst Loading. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209749. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Bo‐Chao Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 China
| | - Jiarui Yang
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Chang‐Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 China
| | - Ying‐Ming Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 China
| | - Hai‐Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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44
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Yi C, Chen K, Liang H, Wang Z, Wang T, Li K, Yu J, Sun J, Jin C. Novel difluoromethylated 1-(phenylsulfonyl)-4-(piperazin-1-yl)-1H-indole derivatives as potent 5-HT6 receptor antagonist with AMDE-improving properties: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 71:116950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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45
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Mondal K, Ghosh S, Hajra A. Transition-metal-catalyzed ortho C-H functionalization of 2-arylquinoxalines. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7361-7376. [PMID: 36107011 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01119k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, direct C-H bond activation and functionalization has become a prodigious and hot topic among synthetic organic chemists due to its step-economic nature and substantial synthetic versatility. On the other hand, quinoxaline, a fused bicycle of benzene and pyrazine, has omnipresent applications in medicinal-, industrial- and materials chemistry. The presence of the N-1 atom in 2-arylquinoxaline enables chelation formation with a metal catalyst leading to the formation of ortho-substituted products. In this review, all articles related to the ortho C-H bond functionalization of 2-arylquinoxalines published up to May 2022 are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India.
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India.
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India.
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46
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Li WH, Ye BC, Yang J, Wang Y, Yang CJ, Pan YM, Tang HT, Wang D, Li Y. A Single‐Atom Cobalt Catalyst for the Fluorination of Acyl Chlorides at Parts‐per‐Million Catalyst Loading. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Li
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Bo-Chao Ye
- Guangxi Normal University School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Jiarui Yang
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Ye Wang
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Chang-Jie Yang
- Guangxi Normal University School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Ying-Ming Pan
- Guangxi Normal University School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Hai-Tao Tang
- Guangxi Normal University School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry Haidian 100084 Beijing CHINA
| | - Yadong Li
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry CHINA
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47
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Li W, Liu J, Zhou M, Ma L, Zhang M. Visible light-enabled regioselective chlorination of coumarins using CuCl 2via LMCT excitation. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6667-6672. [PMID: 35943174 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01134d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, regioselective chlorination of coumarins using Earth-abundant and cost-effective CuCl2 under visible light irradiation is reported. A key feature of this protocol is the photocatalytic dissociation of the copper(II) complex in acetonitrile through ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) to give the chlorine atom which then selectively chlorinates the coumarin. This method can chlorinate a broad scope of coumarins with either electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents to regioselectively afford 3-chlorocoumarins in good to excellent yields and can be further extended to other electron-deficient heterocycles and olefins such as flavones, 8-methoxypsoralen and naphthoquinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Jinshan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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48
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Mestre J, Bernús M, Castillón S, Boutureira O. Electrophilic Reagents for the Direct Incorporation of Uncommon SCF 2CF 2H and SCF 2CF 3 Motifs. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10791-10806. [PMID: 35944166 PMCID: PMC9400389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The introduction of fluoroalkylthioether groups has attracted
the
attention of the drug-discovery community given the special physicochemical
and pharmacokinetic features they confer to bioactive compounds, yet
these are often limited to standard SCF3 and SCF2H moieties. Herein, two saccharin-based electrophilic reagents have
been disclosed for the incorporation of uncommon SCF2CF2H and SCF2CF3 motifs. Their reactivity
performance, multigram-scale preparation, and divergent derivatization
have been thoroughly investigated with a variety of nucleophiles,
including natural products and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Mestre
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miguel Bernús
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sergio Castillón
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Omar Boutureira
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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49
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Berger M, Lenhard MS, Waldvogel SR. Para-Fluorination of Anilides Using Electrochemically Generated Hypervalent Iodoarenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201029. [PMID: 35510825 PMCID: PMC9401020 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The para-selective fluorination reaction of anilides using electrochemically generated hypervalent ArIF2 is reported, with Et3 N ⋅ 5HF serving as fluoride source and as supporting electrolyte. This electrochemical reaction is characterized by a simple set-up, easy scalability and affords a broad variety of fluorinated anilides from easily accessible anilides in good yields up to 86 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Berger
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Marola S. Lenhard
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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50
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Granados A, Dhungana RK, Sharique M, Majhi J, Molander GA. From Styrenes to Fluorinated Benzyl Bromides: A Photoinduced Difunctionalization via Atom Transfer Radical Addition. Org Lett 2022; 24:4750-4755. [PMID: 35766376 PMCID: PMC10412001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An operationally simple and practical method is disclosed to achieve the difunctionalization of styrenes, generating fluorinated benzyl bromides via a photoinduced atom transfer radical addition process. The developed method is mild, atom-economical, cost-effective, employs very low photocatalyst loading (1000 ppm), and is highly compatible with a broad range of functional groups on styrene. The versatility of the fluorinated benzyl bromides is demonstrated through their derivatization to a variety of valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jadab Majhi
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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