1
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Ferjancic Z, Bihelovic F, Vulovic B, Matovic R, Trmcic M, Jankovic A, Pavlovic M, Djurkovic F, Prodanovic R, Djurdjevic Djelmas A, Kalicanin N, Zlatovic M, Sladic D, Vallet T, Vignuzzi M, Saicic RN. Development of iminosugar-based glycosidase inhibitors as drug candidates for SARS-CoV-2 virus via molecular modelling and in vitro studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2289007. [PMID: 38086763 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2289007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed new iminosugar-based glycosidase inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. Known drugs (miglustat, migalastat, miglitol, and swainsonine) were chosen as lead compounds to develop three classes of glycosidase inhibitors (α-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, and mannosidase). Molecular modelling of the lead compounds, synthesis of the compounds with the highest docking scores, enzyme inhibition tests, and in vitro antiviral assays afforded rationally designed inhibitors. Two highly active α-glucosidase inhibitors were discovered, where one of them is the most potent iminosugar-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent to date (EC90 = 1.94 µM in A549-ACE2 cells against Omicron BA.1 strain). However, galactosidase inhibitors did not exhibit antiviral activity, whereas mannosidase inhibitors were both active and cytotoxic. As our iminosugar-based drug candidates act by a host-directed mechanism, they should be more resilient to drug resistance. Moreover, this strategy could be extended to identify potential drug candidates for other viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filip Bihelovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Vulovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radomir Matovic
- University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Trmcic
- Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Jankovic
- University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Pavlovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Filip Djurkovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Nevena Kalicanin
- University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mario Zlatovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Sladic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Thomas Vallet
- Institut Pasteur, Center for the Viral Populations and Pathogenesis, Paris, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Institut Pasteur, Center for the Viral Populations and Pathogenesis, Paris, France
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Radomir N Saicic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Lin Z, Ren H, Lin X, Yu X, Zheng J. Synthesis of Azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptenes Enabled by Catalyst-Controlled Annulations of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with Vinyl Azides. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38935924 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Bridged bicyclic scaffolds are emerging bioisosteres of planar aromatic rings under the concept of "escape from flatland". However, adopting this concept into the exploration of bioisosteres of pyridines remains elusive due to the challenge of incorporating a N atom into such bridged bicyclic structures. Herein, we report practical routes for the divergent synthesis of 2- and 3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptenes (aza-BCHepes) as potential bioisosteres of pyridines from the readily accessible vinyl azides and bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) via two distinct catalytic annulations. The reactivity of vinyl azides tailored with BCBs is the key to achieving divergent transformations. TiIII-catalyzed single-electron reductive generation of C-radicals from BCBs allows a concise (3 + 3) annulation with vinyl azides, affording novel 2-aza-BCHepe scaffolds. In contrast, scandium catalysis enables an efficient dipolar (3 + 2) annulation with vinyl azides to generate 2-azidobicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes, which subsequently undergo a chemoselective rearrangement to construct 3-aza-BCHepes. Both approaches efficiently deliver unique azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptene scaffolds with a high functional group tolerance. The synthetic utility has been further demonstrated by scale-up reactions and diverse postcatalytic transformations, providing valuable azabicyclics including 2- and 3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes and rigid bicyclic amino esters. In addition, the related sp2-hybridized nitrogen atom and the similar geometric property between pyridines and corresponding aza-BCHepes indicate that they are promising bioisosteres of pyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongren Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Haosong Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xinbo Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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3
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Zhang K, Tian S, Li W, Yang X, Duan XH, Guo LN, Li P. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Formal [2π+2σ] Cycloaddition of Bicyclobutanes with Quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones: Access to Quinoxaline-Fused Aza-Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38913035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of quinoxaline-fused aza-bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes bearing multiple quaternary carbon centers via the intermolecular [2π+2σ] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes and quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, facilitated by Lewis acid catalysis, is presented. This reaction is carried out under mild conditions and exhibits a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage, Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shanghui Tian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage, Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wenke Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage, Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xu Yang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage, Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Li-Na Guo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage, Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage, Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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4
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Tyler J, Schäfer F, Shao H, Stein C, Wong A, Daniliuc CG, Houk KN, Glorius F. Bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl Radical Cations: Synthesis and Application to [2π + 2σ] Cycloaddition Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16237-16247. [PMID: 38811005 PMCID: PMC11177261 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
As the chemistry that surrounds the field of strained hydrocarbons, such as bicyclo[1.1.0]butane, continues to expand, it becomes increasingly advantageous to develop alternative reactivity modes that harness their unique properties to access new regions of chemical space. Herein, we report the use of photoredox catalysis to promote the single-electron oxidation of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. The synthetic utility of the resulting radical cations is highlighted by their ability to undergo highly regio- and diastereoselective [2π + 2σ] cycloaddition reactions. The most notable feature of this transformation is the breadth of alkene classes that can be employed, including nonactivated alkenes, which have so far been elusive for previous strategies. A rigorous mechanistic investigation, in conjunction with DFT computation, was undertaken in order to better understand the physical nature of bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl radical cations and thus provides a platform from which further studies into the synthetic applications of these intermediates can be built upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper
L. Tyler
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Schäfer
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Colin Stein
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Audrey Wong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | | | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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5
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Smyrnov OK, Melnykov KP, Pashenko OY, Volochnyuk DM, Ryabukhin SV. Stellane at the Forefront: Derivatization and Reactivity Studies of a Promising Saturated Bioisostere of ortho-Substituted Benzenes. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38804566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This work highlights stellane's cage stability and derivatization opportunities. A diverse range of building blocks were synthesized using modern synthesis protocols to demonstrate stellane's reactivity and chemical tolerance across different reaction systems, proving its promise as a bioisosteric scaffold. It can be utilized in scaffold-based molecular design and is superior in terms of topological precision compared to existing ortho isosteres, as well as monosubstituted benzene mimetics, holding the potential to become a robust platform for future medicinal chemistry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh K Smyrnov
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill Street, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kostiantyn P Melnykov
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill Street, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olexandr Ye Pashenko
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill Street, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kuhar Street, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro M Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill Street, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kuhar Street, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Serhiy V Ryabukhin
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill Street, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kuhar Street, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
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6
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Liu Y, Wu Z, Shan JR, Yan H, Hao EJ, Shi L. Titanium catalyzed [2σ + 2π] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]-butanes with 1,3-dienes for efficient synthesis of stilbene bioisosteres. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4374. [PMID: 38782978 PMCID: PMC11116475 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural stilbenes have shown significant potential in the prevention and treatment of diseases due to their diverse pharmacological activities. Here we present a mild and effective Ti-catalyzed intermolecular radical-relay [2σ + 2π] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]-butanes and 1,3-dienes. This transformation enables the synthesis of bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane (BCH) scaffolds containing aryl vinyl groups with excellent regio- and trans-selectivity and broad functional group tolerance, thus offering rapid access to structurally diverse stilbene bioisosteres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Liu
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Zhixian Wu
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Jing-Ran Shan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Huaipu Yan
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Er-Jun Hao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China.
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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7
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Liang Y, Nematswerani R, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Silver-Enabled Cycloaddition of Bicyclobutanes with Isocyanides for the Synthesis of Polysubstituted 3-Azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402730. [PMID: 38441241 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Synthesis of bicyclic scaffolds has emerged as an important research topic in modern drug development because they can serve as saturated bioisosters to enhance the physicochemical properties and metabolic profiles of drug candidates. Here we report a remarkably simple silver-enabled strategy to access polysubstituted 3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes in a single operation from readily accessible bicyclobutanes (BCBs) and isocyanides. The process is proposed to involve a formal (3+3)/(3+2)/retro-(3+2) cycloaddition sequence. This novel protocol allows for rapid generation of molecular complexity from simple starting materials, and the products can be easily derivatized, further enriching the BCB cycloaddition chemistry and the growing set of valuable sp3-rich bicyclic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ronewa Nematswerani
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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8
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Yang L, Wang H, Lang M, Wang J, Peng S. B(C 6F 5) 3-Catalyzed Formal ( n + 3) ( n = 5 and 6) Cycloaddition of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes to Medium Bicyclo[ n.1.1]alkanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:4104-4110. [PMID: 38700913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a B(C6F5)3-catalyzed formal (n + 3) (n = 5 and 6) cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) with imidazolidines/hexahydropyrimidines is described. The reaction provides a modular, atom-economical, and efficient strategy to two libraries of synthetically challenging medium-bridged rings, 2,5-diazabicyclo[5.1.1]nonanes and 2,6-diazabicyclo[6.1.1]decanes, in moderate to excellent yields. This reaction also features simple operation, mild reaction conditions, and broad substrate scope. A scale-up experiment and various synthetic transformations of products further highlight the synthetic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Lang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyong Peng
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People's Republic of China
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9
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Schlosser L, Rana D, Pflüger P, Katzenburg F, Glorius F. EnTdecker - A Machine Learning-Based Platform for Guiding Substrate Discovery in Energy Transfer Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13266-13275. [PMID: 38695558 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Due to the magnitude of chemical space, the discovery of novel substrates in energy transfer (EnT) catalysis remains a daunting task. Experimental and computational strategies to identify compounds that successfully undergo EnT-mediated reactions are limited by their time and cost efficiency. To accelerate the discovery process in EnT catalysis, we herein present the EnTdecker platform, which facilitates the large-scale virtual screening of potential substrates using machine-learning (ML) based predictions of their excited state properties. To achieve this, a data set is created containing more than 34,000 molecules aiming to cover a vast fraction of synthetically relevant compound space for EnT catalysis. Using this data predictive models are trained, and their aptitude for an in-lab application is demonstrated by rediscovering successful substrates from literature as well as experimental validation through luminescence-based screening. By reducing the computational effort needed to obtain excited state properties, the EnTdecker platform represents a tool to efficiently guide substrate selection and increase the experimental success rate for EnT catalysis. Moreover, through an easy-to-use web application, EnTdecker is made publicly accessible under entdecker.uni-muenster.de.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Schlosser
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Debanjan Rana
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Pflüger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Katzenburg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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10
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Zhou JL, Xiao Y, He L, Gao XY, Yang XC, Wu WB, Wang G, Zhang J, Feng JJ. Palladium-Catalyzed Ligand-Controlled Switchable Hetero-(5 + 3)/Enantioselective [2σ+2σ] Cycloadditions of Bicyclobutanes with Vinyl Oxiranes. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38739092 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
For nearly 60 years, significant research efforts have been focused on developing strategies for the cycloaddition of bicyclobutanes (BCBs). However, higher-order cycloaddition and catalytic asymmetric cycloaddition of BCBs have been long-standing formidable challenges. Here, we report Pd-catalyzed ligand-controlled, tunable cycloadditions for the divergent synthesis of bridged bicyclic frameworks. The dppb ligand facilitates the formal (5+3) cycloaddition of BCBs and vinyl oxiranes, yielding valuable eight-membered ethers with bridged bicyclic scaffolds in 100% regioselectivity. The Cy-DPEphos ligand promotes selective hetero-[2σ+2σ] cycloadditions to access pharmacologically important 2-oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane (O-BCHeps). Furthermore, the corresponding catalytic asymmetric synthesis of O-BCHeps with 94-99% ee has been achieved using chiral (S)-DTBM-Segphos, representing the first catalytic asymmetric cross-dimerization of two strained rings. The obtained O-BCHeps are promising bioisosteres for ortho-substituted benzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjiu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Linke He
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Chun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
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11
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Wang JJ, Tang L, Xiao Y, Wu WB, Wang G, Feng JJ. Switching between the [2π+2σ] and Hetero-[4π+2σ] Cycloaddition Reactivity of Bicyclobutanes with Lewis Acid Catalysts Enables the Synthesis of Spirocycles and Bridged Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202405222. [PMID: 38729920 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of the complex chemical diversity of bicyclo[n.1.1]alkanes and their use as benzene bioisosteres has garnered significant attention over the past two decades. Regiodivergent syntheses of thiabicyclo[4.1.1]octanes (S-BCOs) and highly substituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs) using a Lewis acid-catalyzed formal cycloaddition of bicyclobutanes (BCBs) and 3-benzylideneindoline-2-thione derivatives have been established. The first hetero-(4+3) cycloaddition of BCBs, catalyzed by Zn(OTf)2, was achieved with a broad substrate scope under mild conditions. In contrast, the less electrophilic BCB ester undergoes a Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed [2π+2σ] reaction with 1,1,2-trisubstituted alkenes, yielding BCHs with a spirocyclic quaternary carbon center. Control experiments and preliminary theoretical calculations suggest that the diastereoselective [2π+2σ] product formation may involve a concerted cycloaddition between a zwitterionic intermediate and E-1,1,2-trisubstituted alkenes. Additionally, the hetero-(4+3) cycloaddition may involve a concerted nucleophilic ring-opening mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuanjiu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
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12
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Levterov VV, Panasiuk Y, Shablykin O, Stashkevych O, Sahun K, Rassokhin A, Sadkova I, Lesyk D, Anisiforova A, Holota Y, Borysko P, Bodenchuk I, Voloshchuk NM, Mykhailiuk PK. 2-Oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes: Synthesis, Properties, and Validation as Bioisosteres of ortho- and meta-Benzenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319831. [PMID: 38465464 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a general and practical approach towards 2-oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes with two and three exit vectors via an iodocyclization reaction. The obtained compounds have been easily converted into the corresponding building blocks for use in medicinal chemistry. 2-Oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes have been incorporated into the structure of five drugs and three agrochemicals, and validated biologically as bioisosteres of ortho- and meta-benzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oleh Shablykin
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar Str. 1, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Stashkevych
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Chemistry Department, Volodymyrska Str. 64, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Sahun
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Artur Rassokhin
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Sadkova
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Lesyk
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Yuliia Holota
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Petro Borysko
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Nataliya M Voloshchuk
- National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, V. F. Peresypkin Department of Phytopathology, Heroyiv Oborony Str. 15, 03041, Kyiv, Ukraine
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13
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Kraemer Y, Buldt JA, Kong WY, Stephens AM, Ragan AN, Park S, Haidar ZC, Patel AH, Shey R, Dagan R, McLoughlin CP, Fettinger JC, Tantillo DJ, Pitts CR. Overcoming a Radical Polarity Mismatch in Strain-Release Pentafluorosulfanylation of [1.1.0]Bicyclobutanes: An Entryway to Sulfone- and Carbonyl-Containing SF 5-Cyclobutanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319930. [PMID: 38237059 PMCID: PMC11045327 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The first assortment of achiral pentafluorosulfanylated cyclobutanes (SF5-CBs) are now synthetically accessible through strain-release functionalization of [1.1.0]bicyclobutanes (BCBs) using SF5Cl. Methods for both chloropentafluorosulfanylation and hydropentafluorosulfanylation of sulfone-based BCBs are detailed herein, as well as proof-of-concept that the logic extends to tetrafluoro(aryl)sulfanylation, tetrafluoro(trifluoromethyl)sulfanylation, and three-component pentafluorosulfanylation reactions. The methods presented enable isolation of both syn and anti isomers of SF5-CBs, but we also demonstrate that this innate selectivity can be overridden in chloropentafluorosulfanylation; that is, an anti-stereoselective variant of SF5Cl addition across sulfone-based BCBs can be achieved by using inexpensive copper salt additives. Considering the SF5 group and CBs have been employed individually as nonclassical bioisosteres, structural aspects of these unique SF5-CB "hybrid isosteres" were then contextualized using SC-XRD. From a mechanistic standpoint, chloropentafluorosulfanylation ostensibly proceeds through a curious polarity mismatch addition of electrophilic SF5 radicals to the electrophilic sites of the BCBs. Upon examining carbonyl-containing BCBs, we also observed rare instances whereby radical addition to the 1-position of a BCB occurs. The nature of the key C(sp3)-SF5 bond formation step - among other mechanistic features of the methods we disclose - was investigated experimentally and with DFT calculations. Lastly, we demonstrate compatibility of SF5-CBs with various downstream functionalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Kraemer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jón Atiba Buldt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Wang-Yeuk Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alexander M Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Abbey N Ragan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Soojun Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zane C Haidar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ansh Hiten Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rachel Shey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roee Dagan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Connor P McLoughlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cody Ross Pitts
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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14
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Kweon J, Park B, Kim D, Chang S. Decarboxylative stereoretentive C-N coupling by harnessing aminating reagent. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3788. [PMID: 38710673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, strategies involving transition-metal catalyzed carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bond coupling have emerged as potent synthetic tools for constructing intricate molecular architectures. Among these, decarboxylative carbon-nitrogen bond formation using abundant carboxylic acids or their derivatives has garnered notable attention for accessing alkyl- or arylamines, one of key pharmacophores. While several decarboxylative amination methods have been developed, the involvement of a common carboradical intermediate currently poses challenges in achieving stereospecific transformation toward chiral alkylamines. Herein, we present a base-mediated, stereoretentive decarboxylative amidation by harnessing 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-one as a reactive and robust amidating reagent under transition-metal-free ambient conditions, encompassing all types of primary, secondary and tertiary carboxylic acids, thereby providing access to the important pharmacophore, α-chiral amines. This method exhibits high functional group tolerance, convenient scalability, and ease of applicability for 15N-isotope labeling, thus accentuating its synthetic utilities. Experimental and computational mechanistic investigations reveal a sequence of elementary steps: i) nucleophilic addition of carboxylate to dioxazolone, ii) rearrangement to form a dicarbonyl N-hydroxy intermediate, iii) conversion to hydroxamate, followed by a Lossen-type rearrangement, and finally, iv) reaction of the in situ generated isocyanate with carboxylate leading to C-N bond formation in a stereoretentive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonguk Kweon
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Bumsu Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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15
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León Rojas AF, Chong YY, Kyne SH, Xia B, Chan PWH. Enantioselective and Regiodivergent Gold and Chiral Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Cycloisomerization/Diels-Alder Reaction of 1,10-Dien-4-yn-3-yl Acetates: Synthesis of Norbornene-Embedded Tricarbocycles. Org Lett 2024; 26:3037-3042. [PMID: 38557076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A synthetic method for the enantioselective and regiodivergent synthesis of hexahydro-2H-2,4a-methanonaphthalen-4-yl and octahydro-2,4-methanoazulen-1-yl esters that relies on the gold(I)- and chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed cycloisomerization/Diels-Alder (CDA) reaction of (E)-1,10-dien-4-yn-3-yl acetates is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Yan Chong
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sara Helen Kyne
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Bo Xia
- Department of the Biological Environment, Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Philip Wai Hong Chan
- Department of the Biological Environment, Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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16
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Zhang Z, Li X, Song Q, Li Y, Tian X, Ali S, Yao Y, Li P, Wang Z, Zheng H. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-Chuanxiongnolide L1 via a Stereoselective Oxidative Dearomatization/Diels-Alder Strategy. Org Lett 2024; 26:2928-2933. [PMID: 38551465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The first asymmetric total synthesis of chuanxiongnolide L1 was achieved in 16 steps and 1.9% overall yield by employing a bioinspired chiral auxiliary strategy. The key steps involving asymmetric oxidative dearomatization of chiral amino ether and subsequent asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction of the resulting masked chiral ortho-benzoquinone were adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiuhuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qingyan Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuerong Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiqing Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhengshen Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Huaiji Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
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17
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Diepers HE, Walker JCL. (Bio)isosteres of ortho- and meta-substituted benzenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:859-890. [PMID: 38655554 PMCID: PMC11035989 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Saturated bioisosteres of substituted benzenes offer opportunities to fine-tune the properties of drug candidates in development. Bioisosteres of para-benzenes, such as those based on bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, are now very common and can be used to increase aqueous solubility and improve metabolic stability, among other benefits. Bioisosteres of ortho- and meta-benzenes were for a long time severely underdeveloped by comparison. This has begun to change in recent years, with a number of potential systems being reported that can act as bioisosteres for these important fragments. In this review, we will discuss these recent developments, summarizing the synthetic approaches to the different bioisosteres as well as the impact they have on the physiochemical and biological properties of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Erik Diepers
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes C L Walker
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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18
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Posz JM, Sharma N, Royalty PA, Liu Y, Salome C, Fessard TC, Brown MK. Synthesis of Borylated Carbocycles by [2 + 2]-Cycloadditions and Photo-Ene Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10142-10149. [PMID: 38536870 PMCID: PMC11041674 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Saturated bicyclic compounds make up a valuable class of building blocks in the development of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Here, we present the synthesis of borylated bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes via crossed [2 + 2]-cycloaddition. Due to the presence of the C-B bond, a variety of structures can be easily prepared that are not accessible by other methods. Moreover, a rare photo-ene reaction is also disclosed, allowing for the diastereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted borylated cyclopentanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarett M Posz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Neetu Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Paige A Royalty
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Yanyao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Christophe Salome
- SpiroChem AG, Rosental Area, WRO-1047-3, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Thomas C Fessard
- SpiroChem AG, Rosental Area, WRO-1047-3, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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19
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Cuadros S, Paut J, Anselmi E, Dagousset G, Magnier E, Dell'Amico L. Light-Driven Synthesis and Functionalization of Bicycloalkanes, Cubanes and Related Bioisosteres. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317333. [PMID: 38179801 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Bicycloalkanes, cubanes and their structural analogues have emerged as bioisosteres of (hetero)arenes. To meet increasing demand, the chemical community has developed a plethora of novel synthetic methods. In this review, we assess the progress made in the field of light-driven construction and functionalization of such relevant molecules. We have focused on diverse structural targets, as well as on reaction processes giving access to: (i) [1.1.1]-bicyclopentanes (BCPs); (ii) [2.2.1]-bicyclohexanes (BCHs); (iii) [3.1.1]-bicycloheptanes (BCHeps); and (iv) cubanes; as well as other structurally related scaffolds. Finally, future perspectives dealing with the identification of novel reaction manifolds to access new functionalized bioisosteric units are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cuadros
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Julien Paut
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, University of Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles, France
| | - Elsa Anselmi
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, University of Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles, France
- Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Guillaume Dagousset
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, University of Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles, France
| | - Emmanuel Magnier
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, University of Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles, France
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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20
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Fu Q, Cao S, Wang J, Lv X, Wang H, Zhao X, Jiang Z. Enantioselective [2π + 2σ] Cycloadditions of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with Vinylazaarenes through Asymmetric Photoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8372-8380. [PMID: 38499472 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Here we present a highly enantioselective [2π + 2σ] photocycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs). The reaction uses a variety of vinylazaarenes as partners and is catalyzed by a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-containing chiral phosphoric acid as a bifunctional chiral photosensitizer. A wide array of pharmaceutically important bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane (BCH) derivatives have been synthesized with high yields, enantioselectivity, and diastereoselectivity. In addition to the diverse 1-ketocarbonyl-3-substituted BCBs, α/β-substituted vinylazaarenes are compatible with such an unprecedented photoredox catalytic pathway, resulting in the successful assembly of an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter or two adjacent tertiary stereocenters on the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan,P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan,P. R. China
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21
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Zhang J, Su JY, Zheng H, Li H, Deng WP. Eu(OTf) 3 -Catalyzed Formal Dipolar [4π+2σ] Cycloaddition of Bicyclo-[1.1.0]butanes with Nitrones: Access to Polysubstituted 2-Oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318476. [PMID: 38288790 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we have synthesized multifunctionalized 2-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes, which are considered potential bioisosteres for meta-substituted arenes, through Eu(OTf)3 -catalyzed formal dipolar [4π+2σ] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with nitrones. This methodology represents the initial instance of fabricating bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes adorned with multiple heteroatoms. The protocol exhibits both mild reaction conditions and a good tolerance for various functional groups. Computational density functional theory calculations support that the reaction mechanism likely involves a nucleophilic addition of nitrones to bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes, succeeded by an intramolecular cyclization. The synthetic utility of this novel protocol has been demonstrated in the concise synthesis of the analogue of Rupatadine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Jia-Yi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hanliang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wei-Ping Deng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, China
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22
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Pattison G. Assessing the rigidity of cubanes and bicyclo(1.1.1)pentanes as benzene bioisosteres. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 102:117652. [PMID: 38442523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Aromatic rings are critical core substructures in the majority of pharmaceutical compounds. There is much recent interest in replacing aromatic structures with saturated bioisosteres of benzene, which are generally fused or bridged ring systems. These bioisosteres often show improved solubility properties compared to benzene, and may also undergo fewer unwanted metabolic processes. One key reason why aromatic rings have proven so successful in drug design is their rigidity. This paper uses molecular dynamics simulations supported by crystallographic data to assess the rigidity of bicyclopentane and cubane ring systems as two of the most common benzene bioisosteres and compares this to benzene. Whilst a benzene ring is shown to be more flexible than these two bioisosteres in terms of its dihedral ring flexibility, substituents around the ring tend to behave in a much more similar way in both benzene and the bioisosteric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Pattison
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, UK LN6 7DL.
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23
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Ma X, Chen JL, Gaskins BE. Decarboxylative C-N Coupling of 2,2-Difluorobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP-F 2) Building Blocks. Org Lett 2024; 26:1947-1951. [PMID: 38386927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Described herein is our effort toward achieving the decarboxylative functionalization of 2,2-difluorobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP-F2) building blocks. When compared with the nonfluorinated bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) analogues, we discovered divergent reactivities. This is the first successful decarboxylative coupling of BCP-F2 building blocks reported via the photoredox mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Ma
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joanna L Chen
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Bryce E Gaskins
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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24
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Murata Y, Hada K, Aggarwal T, Escorihuela J, Shibata N. Transition-Metal-Free Approach for Z-Vinyl Fluorides by Hydrofluorination of Alkynes bearing SF 4 and SF 5 Groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318086. [PMID: 38206172 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of vinyl fluorides plays a crucial role in various scientific disciplines, including pharmaceutical and materials sciences. Herein, we present a direct and stereoselective hydrofluorination method for the synthesis of Z isomers of vinyl fluorides from alkynes containing unexplored SF5 and SF4 groups. Our strategy employed tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) as a fluorine source. It demonstrates high compatibility with aryls, biaryls, heteroaryls, and tert-alkyl groups, allowing facile incorporation of SF5 and SF4 groups across the triple bond without any transition-metal catalysts. This approach avoids the potential decomposition of the SF5 or SF4 units via coordination with transition metals or acidic protic sources. Remarkably, this transformation proceeded at room temperature without any additional additives, providing the Z isomer of vinyl fluorides in excellent yield and high selectivity. The presence of a water molecule as a hydrate in TBAF is essential for efficient conversion. This methodology opens new avenues for the synthesis of enchanting SF5 - and SF4 -containing fluorinated vinylic scaffolds, thereby providing advanced opportunities for novel drug discovery and fluorinated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Murata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kenshiro Hada
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Trapti Aggarwal
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
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25
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Ren H, Li T, Xing J, Li Z, Zhang Y, Yu X, Zheng J. Ti-Catalyzed Formal [2π + 2σ] Cycloadditions of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with 2-Azadienes to Access Aminobicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:1745-1750. [PMID: 38377354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Saturated bicyclic amines are increasingly targeted to the pharmaceutical industry as sp3-rich bioisosteres of anilines. Numerous strategies have been established for the preparation of bridgehead aminobicyclics. However, methods to assemble the bridge-amino hydrocarbon skeleton, which serves as a meta-substituted arene bioisostere, are limited. Herein, a general approach to access 2-aminobicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (aminoBCHs) by titanium-catalyzed formal [2π + 2σ] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes and 2-azadienes was developed. Simple derivatization of aminoBCHs leads to various medicinally and agrochemically important analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haosong Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Tianxiang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jinping Xing
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyue Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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26
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Prysiazhniuk K, Datsenko OP, Polishchuk O, Shulha S, Shablykin O, Nikandrova Y, Horbatok K, Bodenchuk I, Borysko P, Shepilov D, Pishel I, Kubyshkin V, Mykhailiuk PK. Spiro[3.3]heptane as a Saturated Benzene Bioisostere. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316557. [PMID: 38251921 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The spiro[3.3]heptane core, with the non-coplanar exit vectors, was shown to be a saturated benzene bioisostere. This scaffold was incorporated into the anticancer drug sonidegib (instead of the meta-benzene), the anticancer drug vorinostat (instead of the phenyl ring), and the anesthetic drug benzocaine (instead of the para-benzene). The patent-free saturated analogs obtained showed a high potency in the corresponding biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Oleh Shablykin
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | - Petro Borysko
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Iryna Pishel
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
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27
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Semeno VV, Vasylchenko VO, Fesun IM, Ruzhylo LY, Kipriianov MO, Melnykov KP, Skreminskyi A, Iminov R, Mykhailiuk P, Vashchenko BV, Grygorenko OO. Bicyclo[m.n.k]alkane Building Blocks as Promising Benzene and Cycloalkane Isosteres: Multigram Synthesis, Physicochemical and Structural Characterization. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303859. [PMID: 38149408 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrophilic double bond functionalization - intramolecular enolate alkylation sequence was used to obtain a series of bridged and fused bicyclo[m.n.k]alkane derivatives (i. e., bicyclo[4.1.1]octanes, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes, bicyclo[3.2.1]octanes, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes, and bicyclo[4.2.0]heptanes). The scope and limitations of the method were established, and applicability to the multigram synthesis of target bicyclic compounds was illustrated. Using the developed protocols, over 50 mono- and bifunctional building blocks relevant to medicinal chemistry were prepared. The synthesized compounds are promising isosteres of benzene and cycloalkane rings, which is confirmed by their physicochemical and structural characterization (pKa , LogP, and exit vector parameters (EVP)). "Rules of thumb" for the upcoming isosteric replacement studies were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr V Semeno
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | | | - Ihor M Fesun
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla Yu Ruzhylo
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- National Technical University of Ukraine " Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Beresteiskyi Ave. 37, Kyїv, 03056, Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo O Kipriianov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- National Technical University of Ukraine " Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Beresteiskyi Ave. 37, Kyїv, 03056, Ukraine
| | - Kostiantyn P Melnykov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | | | - Rustam Iminov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
| | | | - Bohdan V Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
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28
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Fujiwara K, Nagasawa S, Maeyama R, Segawa R, Hirasawa N, Hirokawa T, Iwabuchi Y. Biological Evaluation of Isosteric Applicability of 1,3-Substituted Cuneanes as m-Substituted Benzenes Enabled by Selective Isomerization of 1,4-Substituted Cubanes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303548. [PMID: 38012076 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
We herein evaluate a biological applicability of 1,3-substituted cuneanes as an isostere of m-substituted benzenes based on its structural similarity. An investigation of a method to obtain 1,3-substituted cuneanes by selective isomerization of 1,4-substituted cubanes enables this attempt by giving a key synthetic step to obtain a cuneane analogs of pharmaceuticals having m-substituted benzene moiety. Biological evaluation of the synthesized analogs and in silico study of the obtained result revealed a potential usage of cuneane skeleton in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shota Nagasawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryusei Maeyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Segawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Hirasawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Hirokawa
- Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Iwabuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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29
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Yang Y, Tsien J, Dykstra R, Chen SJ, Wang JB, Merchant RR, Hughes JME, Peters BK, Gutierrez O, Qin T. Programmable late-stage functionalization of bridge-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane bis-boronates. Nat Chem 2024; 16:285-293. [PMID: 37884667 PMCID: PMC10922318 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Modular functionalization enables versatile exploration of chemical space and has been broadly applied in structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of aromatic scaffolds during drug discovery. Recently, the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) motif has increasingly received attention as a bioisosteric replacement of benzene rings due to its ability to improve the physicochemical properties of prospective drug candidates, but studying the SARs of C2-substituted BCPs has been heavily restricted by the need for multistep de novo synthesis of each analogue of interest. Here we report a programmable bis-functionalization strategy to enable late-stage sequential derivatization of BCP bis-boronates, opening up opportunities to explore the SARs of drug candidates possessing multisubstituted BCP motifs. Our approach capitalizes on the inherent chemoselectivity exhibited by BCP bis-boronates, enabling highly selective activation and functionalization of bridgehead (C3)-boronic pinacol esters (Bpin), leaving the C2-Bpin intact and primed for subsequent derivatization. These selective transformations of both BCP bridgehead (C3) and bridge (C2) positions enable access to C1,C2-disubstituted and C1,C2,C3-trisubstituted BCPs that encompass previously unexplored chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jet Tsien
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Dykstra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Si-Jie Chen
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James B Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rohan R Merchant
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan M E Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Byron K Peters
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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30
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McNamee RE, Frank N, Christensen KE, Duarte F, Anderson EA. Taming nonclassical carbocations to control small ring reactivity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj9695. [PMID: 38215201 PMCID: PMC10786418 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj9695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Prediction of the outcome of ring opening of small organic rings under cationic conditions can be challenging due to the intermediacy of nonclassical carbocations. For example, the solvolysis of cyclobutyl or cyclopropylmethyl derivatives generates up to four products on nucleophilic capture or elimination via cyclopropylcarbinyl and bicyclobutonium ions. Here, we show that such reaction outcomes can be controlled by subtle changes to the structure of nonclassical carbocation. Using bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes as cation precursors, the regio- and stereochemistry of ring opening is shown to depend on the degree and nature of the substituents on the cationic intermediates. Reaction outcomes are rationalized using computational models, resulting in a flowchart to predict product formation from a given cation precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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31
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Choukairi Afailal N, Borrell M, Cianfanelli M, Costas M. Dearomative syn-Dihydroxylation of Naphthalenes with a Biomimetic Iron Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:240-249. [PMID: 38123164 PMCID: PMC10785824 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Arenes are interesting feedstocks for organic synthesis because of their natural abundance. However, the stability conferred by aromaticity severely limits their reactivity, mostly to reactions where aromaticity is retained. Methods for oxidative dearomatization of unactivated arenes are exceedingly rare but particularly valuable because the introduction of Csp3-O bonds transforms the flat aromatic ring in 3D skeletons and confers the oxygenated molecules with a very rich chemistry suitable for diversification. Mimicking the activity of naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO), a non-heme iron-dependent bacterial enzyme, herein we describe the catalytic syn-dihydroxylation of naphthalenes with hydrogen peroxide, employing a sterically encumbered and exceedingly reactive yet chemoselective iron catalyst. The high electrophilicity of hypervalent iron oxo species is devised as a key to enabling overcoming the aromatically promoted kinetic stability. Interestingly, the first dihydroxylation of the arene renders a reactive olefinic site ready for further dihydroxylation. Sequential bis-dihydroxylation of a broad range of naphthalenes provides valuable tetrahydroxylated products in preparative yields, amenable for rapid diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najoua Choukairi Afailal
- Institut de Química
Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17071, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Margarida Borrell
- Institut de Química
Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17071, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marco Cianfanelli
- Institut de Química
Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17071, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Costas
- Institut de Química
Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17071, Catalonia, Spain
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32
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Chen M, Cui Y, Chen X, Shang R, Zhang X. C-F bond activation enables synthesis of aryl difluoromethyl bicyclopentanes as benzophenone-type bioisosteres. Nat Commun 2024; 15:419. [PMID: 38199996 PMCID: PMC10781780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioisosteric design has become an essential approach in the development of drug molecules. Recent advancements in synthetic methodologies have enabled the rapid adoption of this strategy into drug discovery programs. Consequently, conceptionally innovative practices would be appreciated by the medicinal chemistry community. Here we report an expeditous synthetic method for synthesizing aryl difluoromethyl bicyclopentane (ADB) as a bioisostere of the benzophenone core. This approach involves the merger of light-driven C-F bond activation and strain-release chemistry under the catalysis of a newly designed N-anionic-based organic photocatalyst. This defluorinative coupling methodology enables the direct conversion of a wide variety of commercially available trifluoromethylaromatic C-F bonds (more than 70 examples) into the corresponding difluoromethyl bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCP) arenes/difluoromethyl BCP boronates in a single step. The strategy can also be applied to [3.1.1]and [4.1.1]propellane systems, providing access to analogues with different geometries. Moreover, we have successfully used this protocol to rapidly prepare ADB-substituted analogues of the bioactive molecule Adiporon. Biological testing has shown that the ADB scaffold has the potential to enhance the pharmacological properties of benzophenone-type drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshuo Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, 310024, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuang Cui
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, 310024, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, 310024, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Shang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Xiaheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, 310024, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Dasgupta A, Bhattacharjee S, Tong Z, Guin A, McNamee RE, Christensen KE, Biju AT, Anderson EA. Stereoselective Alder-Ene Reactions of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes: Facile Synthesis of Cyclopropyl- and Aryl-Substituted Cyclobutenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1196-1203. [PMID: 38157245 PMCID: PMC10786042 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs), strained carbocycles comprising two fused cyclopropane rings, have become well-established building blocks in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and chemical biology due to their diverse reactivity profile with radicals, nucleophiles, cations, and carbenes. The constraints of the bicyclic ring system confer high p-character on the interbridgehead C-C bond, leading to this broad reaction profile; however, the use of BCBs in pericyclic processes has to date been largely overlooked in favor of such stepwise, non-concerted additions. Here, we describe the use of BCBs as substrates for ene-like reactions with strained alkenes and alkynes, which give rise to cyclobutenes decorated with highly substituted cyclopropanes and arenes. The former products are obtained from highly stereoselective reactions with cyclopropenes, generated in situ from vinyl diazoacetates under blue light irradiation (440 nm). Cyclobutenes featuring a quaternary aryl-bearing carbon atom are prepared from equivalent reactions with arynes, which proceed in high yields under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies highlight the importance of electronic effects in this chemistry, while computational investigations support a concerted pathway and rationalize the excellent stereoselectivity of reactions with cyclopropenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Dasgupta
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Subrata Bhattacharjee
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Zixuan Tong
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Avishek Guin
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ryan E. McNamee
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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34
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Kong D, Fahrenhorst-Jones T, Kuo A, Simmons JL, Tan L, Burns JM, Pierens GK, Li R, West NP, Boyle GM, Smith MT, Savage GP, Williams CM. seco-1-Azacubane-2-carboxylic Acid: Derivative Scope and Comparative Biological Evaluation. J Org Chem 2024; 89:798-803. [PMID: 38131648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The unusual and sterically constrained amino acid, seco-1-azacubane-2-carboxylic acid, was incorporated into a range of bioactive chemical templates, including enalaprilat, perindoprilat, endomorphin-2 and isoniazid, and subjected to biological testing. The endomorphin-2 derivative displayed increased activity at the δ opioid receptor, but a loss in activity was observed in the other cases, although human normal cell line evaluation suggests limited cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Kong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tyler Fahrenhorst-Jones
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andy Kuo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacinta L Simmons
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lendl Tan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jed M Burns
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory K Pierens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rui Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas P West
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glen M Boyle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maree T Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Ian Wark Laboratory, Melbourne, 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
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35
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Liu D, Guo X, Zhou S, Guo L, Zhang X. Mechanistic Insight into Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with Ketene: Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes Serving as an Electrophile. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38163764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Lewis acid-catalyzed cycloaddition between bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) and unsaturated substrates has recently been demonstrated to be a powerful strategy for synthesizing bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. However, their reaction mechanisms remain elusive. This computational work explored the recently developed TMSOTf-catalyzed cycloaddition of BCB ketone to ketene and determined the rate-determining step as the activation of BCB ketone. Contrary to the previous proposal of BCB enolate as the active species, this work instead identified the catalytically active species to be a partially Lewis acid-activated BCB cation, which shows a greater electrophilicity and larger orbital interactions with ketene compared to those of the pristine BCB. The most favorable reaction pathway uniquely utilizes this activated BCB species as an electrophile to react with ketene as a nucleophile, while the previously proposed enolate is relatively inactive. Moreover, the in situ-generated TfO anion is revealed to be non-innocent, and its coordination mode and orientation could affect the reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- School of Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Great Bay Institute for Advanced Study, Dongguan 523000, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, 710000 Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, 710000 Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaoyuan Zhou
- School of Light Industry and Materials, Guangdong Polytechnic, Gaoming, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Luxuan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- School of Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan 523000, China
- Great Bay Institute for Advanced Study, Dongguan 523000, China
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36
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Harwood LA, Xiong Z, Christensen KE, Wang R, Wong LL, Robertson J. Selective P450 BM3 Hydroxylation of Cyclobutylamine and Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamine Derivatives: Underpinning Synthetic Chemistry for Drug Discovery. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27767-27773. [PMID: 38051939 PMCID: PMC10740007 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Achieving single-step syntheses of a set of related compounds divergently and selectively from a common starting material affords substantial efficiency gains when compared with preparing those same compounds by multiple individual syntheses. In order for this approach to be realized, complementary reagent systems must be available; here, a panel of engineered P450BM3 enzymes is shown to fulfill this remit in the selective C-H hydroxylation of cyclobutylamine derivatives at chemically unactivated sites. The oxidations can proceed with high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity, producing valuable bifunctional intermediates for synthesis and applications in fragment-based drug discovery. The process also applies to bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl (BCP) amine derivatives to achieve the first direct enantioselective functionalization of the bridging methylenes and open a short and efficient route to chiral BCP bioisosteres for medicinal chemistry. The combination of substrate, enzyme, and reaction engineering provides a powerful general platform for small-molecule elaboration and diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A. Harwood
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Ziyue Xiong
- Oxford
Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research, Ruo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Ruiyao Wang
- Wisdom
Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool
University, Suzhou Industrial
Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Luet L. Wong
- Oxford
Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research, Ruo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K.
| | - Jeremy Robertson
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
- Oxford
Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research, Ruo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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37
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Chang YC, Salome C, Fessard T, Brown MK. Synthesis of 2-Azanorbornanes via Strain-Release Formal Cycloadditions Initiated by Energy Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314700. [PMID: 37963812 PMCID: PMC10760907 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Rigid bicycles are becoming more popular in the pharmaceutical industry because they allow for expansion to new and unique chemical spaces. This work describes a new strategy to construct 2-azanorbornanes, which can act as rigid piperidine/pyrrolidine scaffolds with well-defined exit vectors. To achieve the synthesis of 2-azanorbornanes, new strain-release reagent, azahousane, is introduced along with its photosensitized strain-release formal cycloaddition with alkenes. Furthermore, new reactivity between a housane and an imine is disclosed. Both strategies lead to various substituted 2-azanorbornanes with good selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Che Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA
| | - Christophe Salome
- SpiroChem AG, Rosental area, WRO-1047-3, Mattenstrasse 22, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fessard
- SpiroChem AG, Rosental area, WRO-1047-3, Mattenstrasse 22, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA
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38
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Denisenko A, Garbuz P, Makovetska Y, Shablykin O, Lesyk D, Al-Maali G, Korzh R, Sadkova IV, Mykhailiuk PK. 1,2-Disubstituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes as saturated bioisosteres of ortho-substituted benzene. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14092-14099. [PMID: 38098705 PMCID: PMC10718076 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05121h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes have been synthesized, characterized, and biologically validated as saturated bioisosteres of the ortho-substituted benzene ring. The incorporation of the 1,2-disubstituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane core into the structure of fungicides boscalid (BASF), bixafen (Bayer CS), and fluxapyroxad (BASF) gave saturated patent-free analogs with high antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Denisenko
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill st. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Pavel Garbuz
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill st. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | | | - Oleh Shablykin
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill st. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine www.mykhailiukchem.org
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the NAS of Ukraine 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Lesyk
- Bienta Winston Churchill st. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Galeb Al-Maali
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill st. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine www.mykhailiukchem.org
- Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Rodion Korzh
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill st. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Iryna V Sadkova
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill st. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill st. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine www.mykhailiukchem.org
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39
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Meanwell NA. Applications of Bioisosteres in the Design of Biologically Active Compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18087-18122. [PMID: 36961953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The design of bioisosteres represents a creative and productive approach to improve a molecule, including by enhancing potency, addressing pharmacokinetic challenges, reducing off-target liabilities, and productively modulating physicochemical properties. Bioisosterism is a principle exploited in the design of bioactive compounds of interest to both medicinal and agricultural chemists, and in this review, we provide a synopsis of applications where this kind of molecular editing has proved to be advantageous in molecule optimization. The examples selected for discussion focus on bioisosteres of carboxylic acids, applications of fluorine and fluorinated motifs in compound design, some applications of the sulfoximine functionality, the design of bioisosteres of drug-H2O complexes, and the design of bioisosteres of the phenyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- The Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Rd, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
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40
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Ni D, Hu S, Tan X, Yu Y, Li Z, Deng L. Intermolecular Formal Cycloaddition of Indoles with Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes by Lewis Acid Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308606. [PMID: 37583090 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we develop a new approach to directly access architecturally complex polycyclic indolines from readily available indoles and bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) through formal cycloaddition promoted by commercially available Lewis acids. The reaction proceeded through a stepwise pathway involving a nucleophilic addition of indoles to BCBs followed by an intramolecular Mannich reaction to form rigid indoline-fused polycyclic structures, which resemble polycyclic indole alkaloids. This new reaction tolerated a wide range of indoles and BCBs, thereby allowing the one-step construction of various rigid indoline polycycles containing up to four contiguous quaternary carbon centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sai Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiangyu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Deng
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
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41
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Tang L, Xiao Y, Wu F, Zhou JL, Xu TT, Feng JJ. Silver-Catalyzed Dearomative [2π+2σ] Cycloadditions of Indoles with Bicyclobutanes: Access to Indoline Fused Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310066. [PMID: 37822277 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs) are becoming ever more important in drug design and development as bridged scaffolds that provide underexplored chemical space, but are difficult to access. Here a silver-catalyzed dearomative [2π+2σ] cycloaddition strategy for the synthesis of indoline fused BCHs from N-unprotected indoles and bicyclobutane precursors is described. The strain-release dearomative cycloaddition operates under mild conditions, tolerating a wide range of functional groups. It is capable of forming BCHs with up to four contiguous quaternary carbon centers, achieving yields of up to 99 %. In addition, a scale-up experiment and the synthetic transformations of the cycloadducts further highlighted the synthetic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuanjiu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Lan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
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42
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Nguyen TVT, Bossonnet A, Wodrich MD, Waser J. Photocatalyzed [2σ + 2σ] and [2σ + 2π] Cycloadditions for the Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes and 5- or 6-Membered Carbocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25411-25421. [PMID: 37934629 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of photocatalysis for the homolytic ring-opening of carbonyl cyclopropanes. In contrast to previous studies, our approach does not require a metal cocatalyst or a strong reductant. The carbonyl cyclopropanes can be employed for both [2σ + 2σ] and [2σ + 2π] annulation with either alkenes/alkynes or bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes, yielding cyclopent-anes/-enes and bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes (BCHs), respectively. BCHs are promising bioisosteres for 1,2,4,5 tetra-substituted aromatic rings. Mechanistic studies, including density functional theory computation and a trapping experiment with DMPO, support a 1,3-biradical generated from cyclopropane as a key intermediate for these transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin V T Nguyen
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne Ch-1015, Switzerland
| | - André Bossonnet
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne Ch-1015, Switzerland
| | - Matthew D Wodrich
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne Ch-1015, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne Ch-1015, Switzerland
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43
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Woelk KJ, Dhake K, Schley ND, Leitch DC. Enolate addition to bicyclobutanes enables expedient access to 2-oxo-bicyclohexane scaffolds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13847-13850. [PMID: 37921805 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04234k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of 2-oxo-bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (2-oxo-BCHs) from bicyclobutanes (BCBs) and readily available enolate precursors. Glycine-derived enolates directly give protected 2-oxo-3-amino-BCH derivatives that can be further functionalized. Arylacetate derivatives are also suitable enolate precursors, giving 2-oxo-3-aryl-BCH scaffolds from readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla J Woelk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
| | - Kushal Dhake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
| | - Nathan D Schley
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - David C Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
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44
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Yan H, Liu Y, Feng X, Shi L. Hantzsch Esters Enabled [2π+2σ] Cycloadditions of Bicyclo [1.1.0] butanes and Alkenes under Photo Conditions. Org Lett 2023; 25:8116-8120. [PMID: 37939017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Hantzsch esters (HEs) are widely recognized as sources of hydride ions (H-) and sacrificial electron donors in their ground state. Here, we report the application of HE as a mediator in [2π+2σ] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) with alkenes under photo conditions. Through this strategy, various substituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes can be efficiently prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaipu Yan
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | | | - Xiao Feng
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 453007 Xinxiang, China
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45
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Palai A, Rai P, Maji B. Rejuvenation of dearomative cycloaddition reactions via visible light energy transfer catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12004-12025. [PMID: 37969572 PMCID: PMC10631258 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04421a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dearomative cycloaddition is a powerful technique to access sp3-rich three-dimensional structural motifs from simple flat, aromatic feedstock. The building-up of unprecedentedly diverse polycyclic scaffolds with increased saturation and stereochemical information having various applications ranging from pharmaceutical to material sciences, is an essential goal in organic chemistry. However, the requirement of large energy inputs to disrupt the aromaticity of an arene moiety necessitates harsh reaction conditions for ground state dearomative cycloaddition. The photochemical requirement encompasses use of ultraviolet (UV) light to enable the reaction on an excited potential energy surface. The microscopic reversibility under thermal conditions and the use of high energy harmful UV irradiation in photochemical manoeuvres, however, constrain their widespread use from a synthetic point of view. In this context, the recent renaissance of visible light energy transfer (EnT) catalysis has become a powerful tool to initiate dearomative cycloaddition as a greener and more sustainable approach. The excited triplet state population is achieved by triplet energy transfer from the appropriate photosensitizer to the substrate. While employing mild visible light energy as fuel, the process leverages an enormous potential of excited state reactivity. The discovery of an impressive portfolio of organic and inorganic photosensitizers with a range of triplet energies facilitates visible light photosensitized dearomative cycloaddition of various substrates to form sp3-rich fused polycyclic architectures with diverse applications. The tutorial review comprehensively surveys the reawakening of dearomative cycloadditions via visible light-mediated energy transfer catalysis in the past five years. The progress ranges from intra- and intermolecular [2π + 2π] to [4π + 2π], and ends at intermolecular [2π + 2σ] cycloadditions. Furthermore, the review provides potential possibilities for future growth in the growing field of visible light energy transfer catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angshuman Palai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 West Bengal India
| | - Pramod Rai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 West Bengal India
| | - Biplab Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 West Bengal India
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46
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Sperga A, Veliks J. Recent Advances in Monofluorinated Carbenes, Carbenoids, Ylides, and Related Species. Chemistry 2023:e202301851. [PMID: 37902650 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of monofluorinated compounds is of great interest because of the vast applications of organofluorine compounds. Recently, the introduction of monofluorocarbene synthons has emerged as an important strategy for the synthesis of fluorine-containing products. In contrast to direct fluorination, in which C-F bonds are formed, the use of monofluorinated carbenes and related reactive species involves C-C or C-X bond formation while delivering valuable fluorine atoms into the target structure. Owing to increased knowledge on carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formations, monofluorinated carbenes have enormous potential for the synthesis of organofluorine compounds, which, in our opinion, has not yet been fully exploited. This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthetic applications of monofluorinated carbenes, carbenoids, ylides, and related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturs Sperga
- Latvian Institute of OrganicSynthesis, Aizkrauklesiela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Veliks
- Latvian Institute of OrganicSynthesis, Aizkrauklesiela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
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47
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Gupta S, Srinivasu V, Sureshkumar D. Metal and catalyst-free strategy to access 1,3-thio-heteroaryl BCP derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8136-8140. [PMID: 37772462 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01377d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The widespread presence of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) and sulfur motifs in pharmaceutical compounds underscores the significance of synthesizing suitably functionalized BCP thioethers. In response, we have developed a metal-free and photocatalyst-free strategy that harnesses visible light-induced radical cascades. This approach culminates in the synthesis of essential thio-BCP derivatives, which serve as crucial precursors for the formation of the corresponding sulfoxides, sulfones, and sulfoximines. Importantly, this methodology exhibits potential for large-scale applications, displaying commendable tolerance towards various functional groups while operating under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia-741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Vinjamuri Srinivasu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia-741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Devarajulu Sureshkumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia-741246, West Bengal, India.
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48
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Levterov VV, Panasiuk Y, Sahun K, Stashkevych O, Badlo V, Shablykin O, Sadkova I, Bortnichuk L, Klymenko-Ulianov O, Holota Y, Lachmann L, Borysko P, Horbatok K, Bodenchuk I, Bas Y, Dudenko D, Mykhailiuk PK. 2-Oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane as a new bioisostere of the phenyl ring. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5608. [PMID: 37783681 PMCID: PMC10545790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenyl ring is a basic structural element in chemistry. Here, we show the design, synthesis, and validation of its new saturated bioisostere with improved physicochemical properties - 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. The design of the structure is based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the previously used bioisosteres: bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, and cubane. The key synthesis step is the iodocyclization of cyclohexane-containing alkenyl alcohols with molecular iodine in acetonitrile. 2-Oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane core is incorporated into the structure of Imatinib and Vorinostat (SAHA) drugs instead of the phenyl ring. In Imatinib, such replacement leads to improvement of physicochemical properties: increased water solubility, enhanced metabolic stability, and reduced lipophilicity. In Vorinostat, such replacement results in a new bioactive analog of the drug. This study enhances the repertoire of available saturated bioisosteres of (hetero)aromatic rings for the use in drug discovery projects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kateryna Sahun
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Valentyn Badlo
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Shablykin
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- V. P. Kukhar IBOPC of the NASciences of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar Str. 1, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Sadkova
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Lina Bortnichuk
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Yuliia Holota
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Petro Borysko
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Iryna Bodenchuk
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuliia Bas
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Chemistry Department, Volodymyrska 64, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Dudenko
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
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49
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Liang H, Morken JP. Substrate Plasticity Enables Group-Selective Transmetalation: Catalytic Stereospecific Cross-Couplings of Tertiary Boronic Esters. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20755-20760. [PMID: 37651751 PMCID: PMC10924285 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Activation of enantiomerically enriched tertiary alkylboronic esters with adamantyllithium generated in situ enables stereoretentive boron-to-copper transmetalation. The resulting alkylcopper species can undergo cross-coupling reactions with an array of electrophiles to furnish synthetically useful compounds bearing quaternary stereocenters. DFT calculations of the transmetalation process provide insights for reactivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - James P Morken
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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50
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Abstract
The concept of strain in organic compounds is as old as modern organic chemistry and was initially introduced to justify the synthetic setbacks along the synthesis of small ring systems (pars construens of strain). In the last decades, chemists have developed an arsenal of strain-release reactions (pars destruens of strain) which can generate─with significant driving force─rigid aliphatic systems that can act as three-dimensional alternatives to (hetero)arenes. Photocatalysis added an additional dimension to strain-release processes by leveraging the energy of photons to create chemical complexity under mild conditions. This perspective presents the latest advancements in strain-release photocatalysis─with emphases on mechanisms, catalytic cycles, and current limitations─the unique chemical architectures that can be produced, and possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York 10021, New York United States
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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