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Ma C, Liu Y, Fu Z. Implications of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in aging and cardiovascular diseases. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1413853. [PMID: 39119608 PMCID: PMC11306071 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1413853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The average lifespan of humans has been increasing, resulting in a rapidly rising percentage of older individuals and high morbidity of aging-associated diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Diverse intracellular and extracellular factors that interrupt homeostatic functions in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induce ER stress. Cells employ a dynamic signaling pathway of unfolded protein response (UPR) to buffer ER stress. Recent studies have demonstrated that ER stress triggers various cellular processes associated with aging and many aging-associated diseases, including CVDs. Autophagy is a conserved process involving lysosomal degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic components, proteins, organelles, and pathogens that invade the cytoplasm. Autophagy is vital for combating the adverse influence of aging on the heart. The present report summarizes recent studies on the mechanism of ER stress and autophagy and their overlap in aging and on CVD pathogenesis in the context of aging. It also discusses possible therapeutic interventions targeting ER stress and autophagy that might delay aging and prevent or treat CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- 32295 Troops of P.L.A, Liaoyang, China
| | - Zhiling Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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2
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Fejes R, Pilat N, Lutnik M, Weisshaar S, Weijler AM, Krüger K, Draxler A, Bragagna L, Peake JM, Woodman RJ, Croft KD, Bondonno CP, Hodgson JM, Wagner KH, Wolzt M, Neubauer O. Effects of increased nitrate intake from beetroot juice on blood markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in older adults with hypertension. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:519-530. [PMID: 38972612 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation are important in the pathology of cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension. Cell culture and animal studies suggest that inorganic dietary nitrate may attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation through nitric oxide (NO), and there is a need to investigate whether this translates to humans. AIM In this randomised, placebo-controlled crossover study, by measuring a combination of multiple blood biomarkers, we evaluated whether previously reported benefits of dietary nitrate translate to a reduced oxidative stress and an improved inflammation status in 15 men and women (age range: 56-71 years) with treated hypertension. METHODS We investigated the effects of a single ∼400 mg-dose of nitrate at 3 h post-ingestion (3H POST) and the daily consumption of 2 × ∼400 mg of nitrate over 4 weeks (4WK POST), through nitrate-rich versus nitrate-depleted (placebo) beetroot juice. Measurements included plasma nitrate and nitrite (NOx), oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), F2-isoprostanes, protein carbonyls, oxidised (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH); and serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), chemokines, cytokines, and adhesion molecules. Flow cytometry was used to assess the relative proportion of blood monocyte subsets. RESULTS At 4WK POST nitrate intervention, the oxLDL/NOx ratio decreased (mainly due to increases in plasma nitrate and nitrite) and the GSH/GSSG ratio (a sensitive biomarker for alterations in the redox status) increased, compared with placebo (for both ratios P < 0.01). The relative proportion of classical (CD14+CD16-) monocytes decreased at 4WK POST for placebo compared to nitrate intervention (P < 0.05). Other oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were not altered by increased nitrate intake relative to placebo. CONCLUSIONS The data from this study point toward a subtle alteration in the redox balance toward a less pro-oxidative profile by a regular intake of inorganic nitrate from plant foods. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER NCT04584372 (ClinicialTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Fejes
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Pilat
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of General Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Lutnik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Weisshaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna M Weijler
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Agnes Draxler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Bragagna
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan M Peake
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard J Woodman
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin D Croft
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wolzt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Neubauer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Centre for Health Sciences and Medicine, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria.
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3
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Mahoney SA, Clayton ZS. Reply to Jaster. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H000. [PMID: 38958689 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00354.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia A Mahoney
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Zachary S Clayton
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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Thorn CE, Gates PE, Casanova F, Ramalli A, Tortoli P, Palombo C, Shore AC, Aizawa K. Interaction of macro- and microvascular function underlies brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H268-H274. [PMID: 38787380 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00158.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD) is induced by hyperemic wall shear rate (WSR) following forearm ischemia. In older adults, there appears to be a reduced brachial hyperemic WSR and altered stimulus-response relationship compared with young adults. However, it is unclear if an altered forearm microvascular response to ischemia influences brachial hyperemic WSR in older adults. We determined associations between brachial hyperemic WSR and forearm skeletal muscle oxygen saturation in young and older adults. Healthy young (n = 17, 29 ± 7 yr) and older (n = 32, 65 ± 4 yr) adults participated in the study. BAFMD by a multigate spectral Doppler system and forearm skeletal muscle oxygen saturation by near-infrared spectroscopy were concurrently measured. When compared with the young, older adults showed reduced oxygen extraction kinetics (OE, 0.15 [0.12-0.17] vs. 0.09 [0.05-0.12]%s-1) and magnitude (So2deficit, 3,810 ± 1,420 vs. 2,723 ± 1,240%s) during ischemia, as well as oxygen resaturation kinetics (So2slope, 2.5 ± 0.7 vs. 1.7 ± 0.7%s-1) upon reperfusion (all P < 0.05). When OE in the young and So2slope in older adults were stratified by their median values, young adults with OE above the median had greater hyperemic WSR parameters compared with those below the median (P < 0.05), but So2slope in older adults did not show clear differences in hyperemic WSR parameters between those above/below the median. This study demonstrates that, in addition to a reduced microvascular response to ischemia, there may be a dissociation between microvascular response to ischemia and brachial hyperemic WSR in older adults, which may result in a further impairment of BAFMD in this cohort.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Microvascular response to ischemia and subsequent reperfusion is diminished in older adults compared with the young. Furthermore, there appears to be a dissociation between the microvascular response to ischemia and brachial hyperemic WSR in older adults, which may further disturb the BAFMD process in this cohort. A reduced BAFMD in older adults may be a result of multiple alterations occurring both at macro- and microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Thorn
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health and Care Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Department of Health and Care Professions, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip E Gates
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health and Care Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Casanova
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health and Care Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Ramalli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Piero Tortoli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Palombo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela C Shore
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health and Care Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Kunihiko Aizawa
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health and Care Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Buscemi C, Randazzo C, Barile AM, Caruso R, Colombrita P, Lombardo M, Verde PL, Sottile N, Barbagallo M, Buscemi S. Endothelial function in healthy centenarians living in the Madonie's district (Italy). Exp Gerontol 2024; 192:112457. [PMID: 38728795 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial function declines with age and plays a critical role in cardiovascular health. Therefore, investigating endothelial function in successful aging models, such as centenarians, is of interest. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery is the gold standard for measuring endothelial function in vivo in humans. Therefore, we investigated, for the first time, the FMD of the brachial artery in a group of healthy centenarians. METHODS Selected as part of the ABCD project (nutrition, cardiovascular wellness, and diabetes) centenarians (aged ≥100 years) living in the municipalities of Madonie (Palermo, Italy) were compared with a younger (aged <65 years) sex-matched control group from the ABCD general cohort. FMD of the brachial artery was measured in all participants using a real-time computed video analysis system for B-mode ultrasound images. Body composition (bioimpedance), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), and ankle-brachial index (ABI) were also measured. RESULTS Eleven participants (males 36.4 %; age: 101 ± 1 years) out of 28 healthy centenarians successfully cooperated with the FMD test procedures, which require remaining with the upper limb immobile for approximately 10 min. This subgroup was compared with a control group of 76 healthy and younger individuals (males 36.8 %; aged: 41 ± 14 years; P < 0.001). Centenarians exhibited better endothelial function than the control group (FMD: 12.1 ± 4.3 vs 8.6 ± 5.3 %; P < 0.05). The carotid IMT was higher in the centenarian group than in the control group (0.89 ± 0.09 vs 0.56 ± 0.18 mm; P < 0.001), whereas the ABI was comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS This small group of centenarians demonstrated an unusually favorable endothelial function, which may contribute to their unique aging profile. Further research is needed to determine whether FMD is a valid prognostic marker for successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Buscemi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "V. Cervello Hospital", Palermo, Italy; Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristiana Randazzo
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Barile
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy.
| | - Roberta Caruso
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Piero Colombrita
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Martina Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Lo Verde
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Natalia Sottile
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Geriatric Unit, University Hospital Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvio Buscemi
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy.
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Li S, Tan I, Atkins E, Schutte AE, Gnanenthiran SR. The Pathophysiology, Prognosis and Treatment of Hypertension in Females from Pregnancy to Post-menopause: A Review. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2024:10.1007/s11897-024-00672-y. [PMID: 38861130 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-024-00672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We summarise the physiological changes and risk factors for hypertension in females, potential sex-specific management approaches, and long-term prognosis. KEY FINDINGS Pregnancy and menopause are two key phases of the life cycle where females undergo significant biological and physical changes, making them more prone to developing hypertension. Gestational hypertension occurs from changes in maternal cardiac output, kidney function, metabolism, or placental vasculature, with one in ten experiencing pregnancy complications such as intrauterine growth restriction and delivery complications such as premature birth. Post-menopausal hypertension occurs as the protective effects of oestrogen are reduced and the sympathetic nervous system becomes over-activated with ageing. Increasing evidence suggests that post-menopausal females with high blood pressure (BP) experience greater risk of cardiovascular events at lower BP thresholds, and greater vulnerability to treatment-related adverse effects. Hypertension is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease in females. Current BP treatment guidelines and recommendations are similar for both sexes, without addressing sex-specific factors. Future investigations into ideal diagnostic thresholds, BP control targets and treatment regimens in females are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Li
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Isabella Tan
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of NSW, Barangaroo, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Emily Atkins
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of NSW, Barangaroo, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of NSW, Barangaroo, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Sonali R Gnanenthiran
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of NSW, Barangaroo, NSW, 2000, Australia.
- Department of Cardiology, Concord Repatriation Hospital, Concord, NSW, 2139, Australia.
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Tanke NT, Liu Z, Gore MT, Bougaran P, Linares MB, Marvin A, Sharma A, Oatley M, Yu T, Quigley K, Vest S, Cook JG, Bautch VL. Endothelial Cell Flow-Mediated Quiescence Is Temporally Regulated and Utilizes the Cell Cycle Inhibitor p27. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1265-1282. [PMID: 38602102 PMCID: PMC11238946 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells regulate their cell cycle as blood vessels remodel and transition to quiescence downstream of blood flow-induced mechanotransduction. Laminar blood flow leads to quiescence, but how flow-mediated quiescence is established and maintained is poorly understood. METHODS Primary human endothelial cells were exposed to laminar flow regimens and gene expression manipulations, and quiescence depth was analyzed via time-to-cell cycle reentry after flow cessation. Mouse and zebrafish endothelial expression patterns were examined via scRNA-seq (single-cell RNA sequencing) analysis, and mutant or morphant fish lacking p27 were analyzed for endothelial cell cycle regulation and in vivo cellular behaviors. RESULTS Arterial flow-exposed endothelial cells had a distinct transcriptome, and they first entered a deep quiescence, then transitioned to shallow quiescence under homeostatic maintenance conditions. In contrast, venous flow-exposed endothelial cells entered deep quiescence early that did not change with homeostasis. The cell cycle inhibitor p27 (CDKN1B) was required to establish endothelial flow-mediated quiescence, and expression levels positively correlated with quiescence depth. p27 loss in vivo led to endothelial cell cycle upregulation and ectopic sprouting, consistent with loss of quiescence. HES1 and ID3, transcriptional repressors of p27 upregulated by arterial flow, were required for quiescence depth changes and the reduced p27 levels associated with shallow quiescence. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial cell flow-mediated quiescence has unique properties and temporal regulation of quiescence depth that depends on the flow stimulus. These findings are consistent with a model whereby flow-mediated endothelial cell quiescence depth is temporally regulated downstream of p27 transcriptional regulation by HES1 and ID3. The findings are important in understanding endothelial cell quiescence misregulation that leads to vascular dysfunction and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie T Tanke
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology (N.T.T., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Michaelanthony T Gore
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Pauline Bougaran
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Mary B Linares
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Allison Marvin
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Arya Sharma
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Morgan Oatley
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Kaitlyn Quigley
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Sarah Vest
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jeanette Gowen Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (J.G.C.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology (N.T.T., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- McAllister Heart Institute (V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Murray KO, Maurer GS, Gioscia-Ryan RA, Zigler MC, Ludwig KR, D'Alessandro A, Reisz JA, Rossman MJ, Seals DR, Clayton ZS. The plasma metabolome is associated with preservation of physiological function following lifelong aerobic exercise in mice. GeroScience 2024; 46:3311-3324. [PMID: 38265578 PMCID: PMC11009171 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Declines in physiological function with aging are strongly linked to age-related diseases. Lifelong voluntary aerobic exercise (LVAE) preserves physiological function with aging, possibly by increasing cellular quality control processes, but the circulating molecular transducers mediating these processes are incompletely understood. The plasma metabolome may predict biological aging and is impacted by a single bout of aerobic exercise. Here, we conducted an ancillary analysis using plasma samples, and physiological function data, from previously reported studies of LVAE in male C57BL/6N mice randomized to LVAE (wheel running) or sedentary (SED) (n = 8-9/group) to determine if LVAE alters the plasma metabolome and whether these changes correlated with preservation of physiological function with LVAE. Physical function (grip strength, coordination, and endurance) was assessed at 3 and 18 months of age; vascular endothelial function and the plasma metabolome were assessed at 19 months. Physical function was preserved (%decline; mean ± SEM) with LVAE vs SED (all p < 0.05)-grip strength, 0.4 ± 1.7% vs 12 ± 4.0%; coordination, 10 ± 4% vs 73 ± 10%; endurance, 1 ± 15% vs 61 ± 5%. Vascular endothelial function with LVAE (88.2 ± 2.0%) was higher than SED (79.1 ± 2.5%; p = 0.03) and similar to the young controls (91.4 ± 2.9%). Fifteen metabolites were different with LVAE compared to SED (FDR < 0.05) and correlated with the preservation of physiological function. Plasma spermidine, a polyamine that increases cellular quality control (e.g., autophagy), correlated with all assessed physiological indices. Autophagy (LC3A/B abundance) was higher in LVAE skeletal muscle compared to SED (p < 0.01) and inversely correlated with plasma spermidine (r = - 0.5297; p = 0.054). These findings provide novel insight into the circulating molecular transducers by which LVAE may preserve physiological function with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin O Murray
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Grace S Maurer
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Rachel A Gioscia-Ryan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Melanie C Zigler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Katelyn R Ludwig
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Zachary S Clayton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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Hsiao CH, Yang CF, Wang JH, Hsu BG. Serum N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Level is Negatively Associated with Vascular Reactivity Index by Digital Thermal Monitoring in Patients with Hypertension. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2024; 25:214. [PMID: 39076346 PMCID: PMC11270078 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2506214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) coordinates endothelial homeostasis and remodeling, with endothelial dysfunction associated with cardiovascular mortality in the general population without heart failure. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) levels and endothelial dysfunction among patients diagnosed with hypertension. Methods This cross-sectional, single-center study included 90 patients with hypertension. An electrochemiluminescence immunoassay measured NT-pro-BNP levels, and a digital thermal monitoring device calculated a vascular reactivity index (VRI) as a measurement for endothelial function. In this study, VRI < 1.0 denoted poor vascular reactivity, 1.0 ≤ VRI < 2.0 indicated intermediate vascular reactivity, and a VRI ≥ 2.0 suggested good vascular reactivity. Results Out of all the hypertensive patients, eight (8.9%) displayed poor vascular reactivity (VRI < 1.0), while 39 (43.3%) exhibited intermediate vascular reactivity (1.0 ≤ VRI < 2.0), leaving the remaining 43 patients demonstrating good vascular reactivity. Older age (p = 0.012) and elevated serum NT-pro-BNP levels (p < 0.001) were found to be associated with poorer vascular reactivity. Older age (r = -0.221, p = 0.036) and log-transformed serum levels of NT-pro-BNP (log-NT-pro-BNP, r = -0.505, p < 0.001) exhibited a negative correlation with VRI values in patients with hypertension. Following a multivariate linear regression test, serum log-NT-pro-BNP level ( β = -0.505, adjusted R 2 change = 0.246, p < 0.001) emerged as being significantly and independently associated with VRI values among hypertensive patients. Conclusions In patients with hypertension, there was a negative association observed between serum log-NT-pro-BNP levels and endothelial dysfunction determined by VRI values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hao Hsiao
- Division of Cardiology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 97004 Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Fen Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 97004 Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 97004 Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Hung Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 97004 Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 97004 Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 97004 Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 97004 Hualien, Taiwan
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10
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Lee J, Zarezadehmehrizi A, LaVoy EC, Markofski MM, Park Y. Exercise Training Improves Brachial Artery Endothelial Function, but Does Not Alter Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:585-597. [PMID: 37870688 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to systematically review the effects of exercise training (EX) on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Five electronic databases were searched: (i) patients with PAD aged ≥ 18; (ii) structured EX ≥ 2 weeks; (iii) measured brachial artery FMD; and (iv) measured blood inflammatory biomarkers. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. EX increased FMD but had no effect on C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Subgroups with moderate intensity had a greater increase in FMD than subgroups with vigorous intensity. There was no difference in effect on FMD and three inflammatory biomarkers between subgroups training for ≤ 12 weeks and > 12 weeks of EX, < 50 min and ≥ 50 min of session duration, and < 150 min and ≥ 150 min of weekly volume, respectively. These results suggest that EX-induced improvement in vascular function can be independent of the improvement of systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghoon Lee
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3875 Holman St, Houston, TX, 77204-6015, USA
| | - Aliasghar Zarezadehmehrizi
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3875 Holman St, Houston, TX, 77204-6015, USA
| | - Emily C LaVoy
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3875 Holman St, Houston, TX, 77204-6015, USA
| | - Melissa M Markofski
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3875 Holman St, Houston, TX, 77204-6015, USA
| | - Yoonjung Park
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3875 Holman St, Houston, TX, 77204-6015, USA.
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11
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Wahl D, Clayton ZS. Peripheral vascular dysfunction and the aging brain. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:9280-9302. [PMID: 38805248 PMCID: PMC11164523 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Aging is the greatest non-modifiable risk factor for most diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Robust evidence indicates that CVD are a strong determinant for reduced brain health and all-cause dementia with advancing age. CVD are also closely linked with peripheral and cerebral vascular dysfunction, common contributors to the development and progression of all types of dementia, that are largely driven by excessive levels of oxidative stress (e.g., reactive oxygen species [ROS]). Emerging evidence suggests that several fundamental aging mechanisms (e.g., "hallmarks" of aging), including chronic low-grade inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence and deregulated nutrient sensing contribute to excessive ROS production and are common to both peripheral and cerebral vascular dysfunction. Therefore, targeting these mechanisms to reduce ROS-related oxidative stress and improve peripheral and/or cerebral vascular function may be a promising strategy to reduce dementia risk with aging. Investigating how certain lifestyle strategies (e.g., aerobic exercise and diet modulation) and/or select pharmacological agents (natural and synthetic) intersect with aging "hallmarks" to promote peripheral and/or cerebral vascular health represent a viable option for reducing dementia risk with aging. Therefore, the primary purpose of this review is to explore mechanistic links among peripheral vascular dysfunction, cerebral vascular dysfunction, and reduced brain health with aging. Such insight and assessments of non-invasive measures of peripheral and cerebral vascular health with aging might provide a new approach for assessing dementia risk in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Wahl
- Department of Health and Exercise Science and Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Zachary S. Clayton
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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12
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Carlini NA, Harber MP, Fleenor BS. Acute effects of MitoQ on vascular endothelial function are influenced by cardiorespiratory fitness and baseline FMD in middle-aged and older adults. J Physiol 2024; 602:1923-1937. [PMID: 38568933 DOI: 10.1113/jp285636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A key mechanism promoting vascular endothelial dysfunction is mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (mtROS). Aerobic exercise preserves endothelial function in preclinical models by lowering mtROS. However, the effects of mtROS on endothelial function in exercising and non-exercising adults is limited. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study design 23 (10 M/13 F, age 62.1 ± 11.5 years) middle-aged and older (MA/O, ≥45 years) adults were divided into two groups: exercisers (EX, n = 11) and non-exercisers (NEX, n = 12). All participants had endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation, FMDBA) measured before and ∼1 h after mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ) (single dose, 80 mg) and placebo supplementation. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine the effects of MitoQ and placebo on FMDBA. Pearson correlations assessed the association between the change in FMDBA with MitoQ and baseline FMDBA and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Compared with placebo, MitoQ increased FMDBA in NEX by + 2.1% (MitoQ pre: 4.9 ± 0.4 vs. post: 7.0 ± 0.4 %, P = 0.004, interaction) but not in EX (P = 0.695, interaction). MitoQ also increased endothelial function in adults with a FMDBA <6% (P < 0.0001, interaction) but not >6% (P = 0.855, interaction). Baseline FMDBA and CRF were correlated (r = 0.44, P = 0.037), whereas the change in FMDBA with MitoQ was inversely correlated with CRF (r = -0.66, P < 0.001) and baseline FMDBA (r = -0.73, P < 0.0001). The relationship between the change in FMDBA and baseline FMDBA remained correlated after adjusting for CRF (r = -0.55, P = 0.007). These data demonstrate that MitoQ acutely improves FMDBA in NEX and EX adults who have a baseline FMDBA <6%. KEY POINTS: A key age-related change contributing to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is vascular endothelial dysfunction due to increased mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (mtROS). Aerobic exercise preserves endothelial function via suppression of mtROS in preclinical models but the evidence in humans is limited. In the present study, a single dose of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ), increases endothelial function in non-exercisers with lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) but not in exercisers with higher CRF. The acute effects of MitoQ on endothelial function in middle-aged and older adults (MA/O) are influenced by baseline endothelial function independent of CRF. These data provide initial evidence that the acute MitoQ-enhancing effects on endothelial function in MA/O adults are influenced, in part, via CRF and baseline endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Carlini
- Clinical Exercise Physiology, Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthew P Harber
- Clinical Exercise Physiology, Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Bradley S Fleenor
- Clinical Exercise Physiology, Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA
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13
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Mahoney SA, VanDongen NS, Greenberg NT, Venkatasubramanian R, Rossman MJ, Widlansky ME, Brunt VE, Bernaldo de Quirós Y, Seals DR, Clayton ZS. Role of the circulating milieu in age-related arterial dysfunction: a novel ex vivo approach. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H1279-H1290. [PMID: 38517225 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00014.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The circulating milieu, bioactive molecules in the bloodstream, is altered with aging and interfaces constantly with the vasculature. This anatomic juxtaposition suggests that circulating factors may actively modulate arterial function. Here, we developed a novel, translational experimental model that allows for direct interrogation of the influence of the circulating milieu on age-related arterial dysfunction (aortic stiffening and endothelial dysfunction). To do so, we exposed young and old mouse arteries to serum from young and old mice and young and midlife/older (ML/O) adult humans. We found that old mouse and ML/O adult human, but not young, serum stiffened young mouse aortic rings, assessed via elastic modulus (mouse and human serum, P = 0.003 vs. young serum control), and impaired carotid artery endothelial function, assessed by endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) (mouse serum, P < 0.001; human serum, P = 0.006 vs. young serum control). Furthermore, young mouse and human, but not old, serum reduced aortic elastic modulus (mouse serum, P = 0.009; human serum, P < 0.001 vs. old/MLO serum control) and improved EDD (mouse and human serum, P = 0.015 vs. old/MLO serum control) in old arteries. In human serum-exposed arteries, in vivo arterial function assessed in the human donors correlated with circulating milieu-modulated arterial function in young mouse arteries (aortic stiffness, r = 0.634, P = 0.005; endothelial function, r = 0.609, P = 0.004) and old mouse arteries (aortic stiffness, r = 0.664, P = 0.001; endothelial function, r = 0.637, P = 0.003). This study establishes novel experimental approaches for directly assessing the effects of the circulating milieu on arterial function and implicates changes in the circulating milieu as a mechanism of in vivo arterial aging.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Changes in the circulating milieu with advancing age may be a mechanism underlying age-related arterial dysfunction. Ex vivo exposure of young mouse arteries to the circulating milieu from old mice or midlife/older adults impairs arterial function whereas exposure of old mouse arteries to the circulating milieu from young mice or young adults improves arterial function. These findings establish that the circulating milieu directly influences arterial function with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia A Mahoney
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Nicholas S VanDongen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Nathan T Greenberg
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | | | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Michael E Widlansky
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Vienna E Brunt
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Yara Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
- Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Zachary S Clayton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
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14
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Fejes R, Lutnik M, Weisshaar S, Pilat N, Wagner KH, Stüger HP, Peake JM, Woodman RJ, Croft KD, Bondonno CP, Hodgson JM, Wolzt M, Neubauer O. Increased nitrate intake from beetroot juice over 4 weeks affects nitrate metabolism, but not vascular function or blood pressure in older adults with hypertension. Food Funct 2024; 15:4065-4078. [PMID: 38546454 PMCID: PMC11034575 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03749e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The decline in vascular function and increase in blood pressure with aging contribute to an increased cardiovascular disease risk. In this randomized placebo-controlled crossover study, we evaluated whether previously reported cardiovascular benefits of plant-derived inorganic nitrate via nitric oxide (NO) translate into improved vascular function and blood pressure-lowering in 15 men and women (age range: 56-71 years) with treated hypertension. We investigated the effects of a single ∼400 mg-dose at 3 hours post-ingestion (3H POST) and the daily consumption of 2 × ∼400 mg of nitrate through nitrate-rich compared with nitrate-depleted (placebo) beetroot juice over 4 weeks (4WK POST). Measurements included nitrate and nitrite in plasma and saliva; endothelial-dependent and -independent forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to acetylcholine (FBFACh) and glyceryltrinitrate (FBFGTN); and clinic-, home- and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. Compared to placebo, plasma and salivary nitrate and nitrite increased at 3H and 4WK POST following nitrate treatment (P < 0.01), suggesting a functioning nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway in the participants of this study. There were no differences between treatments in FBFACh and FBFGTN-area under the curve (AUC) ratios [AUC ratios after (3H POST, 4WK POST) compared with before (PRE) the intervention], or 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure or home blood pressure measures (P > 0.05). These findings do not support the hypothesis that an increased intake of dietary nitrate exerts sustained beneficial effects on FBF or blood pressure in hypertensive older adults, providing important information on the efficacy of nitrate-based interventions for healthy vascular aging. This study was registered under ClinicialTrials.gov (NCT04584372).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Fejes
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Lutnik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Weisshaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Pilat
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hans-Peter Stüger
- Division Integrative Risk Assessment, Data and Statistics, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan M Peake
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard J Woodman
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin D Croft
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Wolzt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Neubauer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Centre for Health Sciences and Medicine, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
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15
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Bilgili B, Saracoglu A, Saracoglu KT, Ratajczyk P, Kararmaz A. The Reliability of Carotid Artery Doppler Ultrasonography Indices in Predicting Fluid Responsiveness during Surgery for Geriatric Patients: A Prospective, Observational Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:783. [PMID: 38610205 PMCID: PMC11011830 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reliability of determining fluid responsiveness during surgery in geriatric patients is challenging. Our primary outcome was to determine the reliability of Corrected Flow Time (FTc) in predicting fluid responsiveness. METHODS Elderly patients undergoing major surgery under general anesthesia were included. Measurements of common carotid artery diameter, velocity time integral, and systolic flow time (FT) were performed before and after a fluid challenge. FTc and carotid blood flow (CBF) were subsequently calculated. RESULTS The median change in carotid diameter was significantly higher in the fluid-responder (R) compared to the non-responder (NR) (6.51% vs. 0.65%, p = 0.049). The median change in CBF was notably higher in R compared to NR (30.04% vs. 9.72%, p = 0.024). Prior to the fluid challenge, systolic FT was significantly shorter in R than NR (285 ms vs. 315 ms, p = 0.027), but after the fluid challenge, these measurements became comparable among the groups. The change in systolic FT was higher in R (15.38% vs. 7.49%, p = 0.027). FTc and the change in FTc exhibited similarities among the groups at all study time points. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.682 (95% CI: 0.509-0.855, p = 0.039) for carotid diameter, 0.710 (95% CI: 0.547-0.872, p = 0.011) for CBF, 0.706 (95% CI: 0.540-0.872, p = 0.015) for systolic FT, and 0.580 (95% CI = 0.389-0.770, p = 0.413) for FTc. CONCLUSIONS In geriatric patients, potential endothelial changes in the carotid artery may influence the dynamic markers of fluid responsiveness. Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of FTc in predicting fluid responsiveness in the general population, this study underscores the limited reliability of carotid Doppler ultrasonography indices for prediction in a geriatric patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beliz Bilgili
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, 34899 Istanbul, Turkey; (B.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Ayten Saracoglu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Aisha bint Hamad Al Attiah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar;
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Kemal T. Saracoglu
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Pawel Ratajczyk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Alper Kararmaz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, 34899 Istanbul, Turkey; (B.B.); (A.K.)
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16
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Longtine AG, Greenberg NT, Bernaldo de Quirós Y, Brunt VE. The gut microbiome as a modulator of arterial function and age-related arterial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H986-H1005. [PMID: 38363212 PMCID: PMC11279790 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00764.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The arterial system is integral to the proper function of all other organs and tissues. Arterial function is impaired with aging, and arterial dysfunction contributes to the development of numerous age-related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. The gut microbiome has emerged as an important regulator of both normal host physiological function and impairments in function with aging. The purpose of this review is to summarize more recently published literature demonstrating the role of the gut microbiome in supporting normal arterial development and function and in modulating arterial dysfunction with aging in the absence of overt disease. The gut microbiome can be altered due to a variety of exposures, including physiological aging processes. We explore mechanisms by which the gut microbiome may contribute to age-related arterial dysfunction, with a focus on changes in various gut microbiome-related compounds in circulation. In addition, we discuss how modulating circulating levels of these compounds may be a viable therapeutic approach for improving artery function with aging. Finally, we identify and discuss various experimental considerations and research gaps/areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail G Longtine
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Nathan T Greenberg
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Yara Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Vienna E Brunt
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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17
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Mahoney SA, Venkatasubramanian R, Darrah MA, Ludwig KR, VanDongen NS, Greenberg NT, Longtine AG, Hutton DA, Brunt VE, Campisi J, Melov S, Seals DR, Rossman MJ, Clayton ZS. Intermittent supplementation with fisetin improves arterial function in old mice by decreasing cellular senescence. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14060. [PMID: 38062873 PMCID: PMC10928570 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) contribute to age-related arterial dysfunction, in part, by promoting oxidative stress and inflammation, which reduce the bioavailability of the vasodilatory molecule nitric oxide (NO). In the present study, we assessed the efficacy of fisetin, a natural compound, as a senolytic to reduce vascular cell senescence and SASP factors and improve arterial function in old mice. We found that fisetin decreased cellular senescence in human endothelial cell culture. In old mice, vascular cell senescence and SASP-related inflammation were lower 1 week after the final dose of oral intermittent (1 week on-2 weeks off-1 weeks on dosing) fisetin supplementation. Old fisetin-supplemented mice had higher endothelial function. Leveraging old p16-3MR mice, a transgenic model allowing genetic clearance of p16INK4A -positive senescent cells, we found that ex vivo removal of senescent cells from arteries isolated from vehicle- but not fisetin-treated mice increased endothelium-dependent dilation, demonstrating that fisetin improved endothelial function through senolysis. Enhanced endothelial function with fisetin was mediated by increased NO bioavailability and reduced cellular- and mitochondrial-related oxidative stress. Arterial stiffness was lower in fisetin-treated mice. Ex vivo genetic senolysis in aorta rings from p16-3MR mice did not further reduce mechanical wall stiffness in fisetin-treated mice, demonstrating lower arterial stiffness after fisetin was due to senolysis. Lower arterial stiffness with fisetin was accompanied by favorable arterial wall remodeling. The findings from this study identify fisetin as promising therapy for clinical translation to target excess cell senescence to treat age-related arterial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia A. Mahoney
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | | | - Mary A. Darrah
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Katelyn R. Ludwig
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Nicholas S. VanDongen
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Nathan T. Greenberg
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Abigail G. Longtine
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - David A. Hutton
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Vienna E. Brunt
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoCaliforniaUSA
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Simon Melov
- Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Douglas R. Seals
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Matthew J. Rossman
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Zachary S. Clayton
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
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18
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Landers-Ramos RQ, Dondero K, Imery I, Reveille N, Zabriskie HA, Dobrosielski DA. Influence of cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition on resting and post-exercise indices of vascular health in young adults. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 6:54-62. [PMID: 38463670 PMCID: PMC10918352 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor cardiorespiratory fitness may mediate vascular impairments at rest and following an acute bout of exercise in young healthy individuals. This study aimed to compare flow mediated dilation (FMD) and vascular augmentation index (AIx75) between young adults with low, moderate, and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness before and after an acute bout of aerobic exercise. Forty-three participants (22 men; 21 women) between 18 and 29 years of age completed the study. Participants were classified into low, moderate, and high health-related cardiorespiratory fitness groups according to age- and sex-based relative maximal oxygen consumption (V ˙ O2 max) percentile rankings. FMD was performed using Doppler ultrasound and AIx75 was performed using pulse wave analysis at baseline and 60-min after a 30-min bout of treadmill running at 70% V ˙ O2 max. A significant interaction (p = 0.047; ηp2 = 0.142) was observed, with the moderate fitness group exhibiting a higher FMD post-exercise compared with baseline ([6.7% ± 3.1%] vs. [8.5% ± 2.8%], p = 0.028; d = 0.598). We found a significant main effect of group for AIx75 (p = 0.023; ηp2 = 0.168), with the high fitness group exhibiting lower AIx75 compared to low fitness group ([-10% ± 10%] vs. [2% ± 10%], respectively, p = 0.019; g = 1.07). This was eliminated after covarying for body fat percentage (p = 0.489). Our findings suggest that resting FMD and AIx75 responses are not significantly influenced by cardiorespiratory fitness, but FMD recovery responses to exercise may be enhanced in individuals with moderate cardiorespiratory fitness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen Dondero
- Towson University, Department of Kinesiology, Towson, MD, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ian Imery
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Cell Biology, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Florida, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Gainesville, FL, USA
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19
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Olas B. The Cardioprotective Role of Nitrate-Rich Vegetables. Foods 2024; 13:691. [PMID: 38472804 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an inorganic radical produced by both the non-enzymatic nitrate (NO3-)-nitrite (NO2-)-NO pathway and enzymatic reactions catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Also, as nitrate and nitrite from dietary and other endogenous sources can be reduced back to nitric oxide in vivo, the endogenous NO level can be increased through the consumption of nitrate-rich vegetables. Ingestion of dietary NO3- has beneficial effects which have been attributed to a subsequent increase in NO: a signaling molecule that may regulate various systems, including the cardiovascular system. A diet rich in NO3- from green leafy and root vegetables has cardioprotective effects, with beetroot products being particularly good sources of NO3-. For example, various studies have demonstrated a significant increase in nitrite levels (regarded as markers of NO) in plasma after the intake of beetroot juice. The present review describes the current literature concerning the role of nitrate-rich vegetables (especially beetroot products) in the prophylaxis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review is based on studies identified in electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Knowledge, Sci Finder, Web of Science, and SCOPUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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20
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Oh J, Hong S, Ko SH, Kim HS. Evaluation of Antioxidant Effects of Pumpkin ( Cucurbita pepo L.) Seed Extract on Aging- and Menopause-Related Diseases Using Saos-2 Cells and Ovariectomized Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:241. [PMID: 38397839 PMCID: PMC10886273 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging and menopause are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Here, we evaluated the antioxidant properties of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seed extract and assessed its ameliorative effects on aging- and menopause-related diseases using Saos-2 cells and ovariectomized rats. The seed extract had bioactive components that exhibited antioxidant activity. The extract increased the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of Saos-2 cells. The oral administration of the extract to ovariectomized rats for 12 weeks decreased their body weight, fat weight, and cardiac risk indices. It also contributed to reductions in the levels of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as assessed by measuring the serum levels of malondialdehyde and analyzing gene expression in rats. Furthermore, the administration of the extract also promoted an enhancement of the transcription of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (Ho-1), and catalase (Cat), involved in antioxidant activity; endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNos), involved in vasculoprotective activity; and PR/SET domain 16 (Prdm16) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (Pgc1α), involved in brown adipogenesis and thermogenesis. Our results using ovariectomized rats show that pumpkin seed extract may have ameliorative effects on menopause-related diseases by increasing ALP activity, evaluating the antioxidant system, ameliorating oxidative stress and thermogenesis, and enhancing lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seong-Hee Ko
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
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21
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Gentilin A, Cevese A, Tam E. Postexercise cardiovascular hemodynamics assessment before and after a 30-minute standing still recovery. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:201-210. [PMID: 37791829 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although postexercise syncope usually occurs shortly after physical exercise conclusion, athletes commonly reveal symptoms of postexercise hypotension several tens of minutes after exercise completion. Currently, no studies have investigated central hemodynamic regulation during posture changes occurring several tens of minutes after exercise compared to immediately after cessation. METHODS This study examined changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), systemic vascular conductance (SVC), cardiac output, and stroke volume during two sets of tilt tests performed before vs. after a 30-minute standing still recovery, respectively. Tilt tests were performed after a short-lasting supramaximal test (WNG) and long-lasting maximal incremental test (INC) in 12 young endurance-trained individuals. RESULTS The key findings were that, regardless of the exercise type, the 30-minute recovery augmented (P<0.01) the increase in HR and the drop in SVC during the transition from supine to upright, although the MAP drop was similar (P=0.99) after vs. before recovery. INC led to greater increases (P<0.01) in HR and drops (P<0.01) in SVC compared to WNG during postural transitions both before and after the recovery. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that, in a population that tolerates postexercise hypotension, MAP neural control is more challenged after a 30-minute standing still recovery than before, as evidenced by an augmented vasodilation capacity along with an increased HR buffering response during posture changes. Moreover, our data suggest that effective MAP control is resulting from an equally effective HR buffering response on MAP. Therefore, exercises that induce greater systemic vasodilation lead to greater HR buffering responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Cevese
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Enrico Tam
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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22
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Siervo M, Hussin AM, Calella P, Ashor A, Shannon OM, Mendes I, Stephan BC, Zheng D, Hill T, Mathers JC. Associations between Aging and Vitamin D Status with Whole-Body Nitric Oxide Production and Markers of Endothelial Function. J Nutr 2024; 154:469-478. [PMID: 38048992 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging and vitamin D deficiency have been associated with reduced nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and impaired endothelial function (EF) but the evidence in humans remains weak. OBJECTIVES Two independent cross-sectional studies were designed to evaluate the association between age, sex, and plasma vitamin D concentrations with physiological and biochemical biomarkers of NO synthesis and EF in young and older healthy participants (Study 1) and in overweight and obese postmenopausal females (Study 2). METHODS In Study 1, 40 young (20-49 y) and older (50-75 y) males and females (10 participants per age and sex group) were included. Resting blood pressure and ear-to-finger peripheral pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured. A stable-isotopic method was used to determine whole-body NO production. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), nitrate, nitrite, and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) concentrations were determined. In Study 2, 80 older overweight and obese females (age 61.2 ± 6.2 y, body mass index 29.5 ± 4.4 kg/m2) were recruited. Postocclusion reactive hyperemia (PORH) and peripheral PWV were measured. Plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D, nitrate, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), endothelin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and ADMA were determined. RESULTS In Study 1, whole-body NO production was significantly greater in young compared with older participants (0.61 ± 0.30 μmol·h-1·kg-1 compared with 0.39 ± 0.10 μmol·h-1·kg-1, P = 0.01) but there was no evidence of a sex difference (P = 0.81). Plasma 25(OH)D concentration was not associated with PWV (r = 0.18, P = 0.28) or whole-body NO production (r = -0.20, P = 0.22). Plasma ADMA concentration was associated positively with age (r = 0.35, P = 0.03) and negatively with whole-body NO production (r = -0.33, P = 0.04). In Study 2, age was associated with lower PORH (r = -0.28, P = 0.02) and greater ADMA concentrations (r = 0.22, P = 0.04). Plasma 25(OH)D concentration was inversely associated with 3-NT concentrations (r = -0.31, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Older age was associated with lower whole-body NO production. Plasma vitamin D concentrations were not associated with NO production or markers of EF but showed a weak, significant correlation with oxidative stress in postmenopausal overweight females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Siervo
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, Enable Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Azizah Mat Hussin
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Science Technology-Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Patrizia Calella
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope," Naples, Italy
| | - Ammar Ashor
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Ines Mendes
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Blossom Cm Stephan
- Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, Enable Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Dingchang Zheng
- Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Hill
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
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23
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Dorff A, Bradford C, Hunsaker A, Atkinson J, Rhees J, Leach OK, Gifford JR. Vascular dysfunction and the age-related decline in critical power. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:240-254. [PMID: 37934136 PMCID: PMC10988715 DOI: 10.1113/ep091571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Ageing results in lower exercise tolerance, manifested as decreased critical power (CP). We examined whether the age-related decrease in CP occurs independently of changes in muscle mass and whether it is related to impaired vascular function. Ten older (63.1 ± 2.5 years) and 10 younger (24.4 ± 4.0 years) physically active volunteers participated. Physical activity was measured with accelerometry. Leg muscle mass was quantified with dual X-ray absorptiometry. The CP and maximum power during a graded exercise test (PGXT ) of single-leg knee-extension exercise were determined over the course of four visits. During a fifth visit, vascular function of the leg was assessed with passive leg movement (PLM) hyperaemia and leg blood flow and vascular conductance during knee-extension exercise at 10 W, 20 W, slightly below CP (90% CP) and PGXT . Despite not differing in leg lean mass (P = 0.901) and physical activity (e.g., steps per day, P = 0.735), older subjects had ∼30% lower mass-specific CP (old = 3.20 ± 0.94 W kg-1 vs. young = 4.60 ± 0.87 W kg-1 ; P < 0.001). The PLM-induced hyperaemia and leg blood flow and/or conductance were blunted in the old at 20 W, 90% CP and PGXT (P < 0.05). When normalized for leg muscle mass, CP was strongly correlated with PLM-induced hyperaemia (R2 = 0.52; P < 0.001) and vascular conductance during knee-extension exercise at 20 W (R2 = 0.34; P = 0.014) and 90% CP (R2 = 0.39; P = 0.004). In conclusion, the age-related decline in CP is not only an issue of muscle quantity, but also of impaired muscle quality that corresponds to impaired vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Dorff
- Department of Exercise SciencesBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
- Program of GerontologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
| | - Christy Bradford
- Department of Exercise SciencesBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
| | - Ashley Hunsaker
- Department of Exercise SciencesBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
| | - Jake Atkinson
- Department of Exercise SciencesBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
| | - Joshua Rhees
- Department of Exercise SciencesBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
| | - Olivia K. Leach
- Department of Exercise SciencesBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
- Program of GerontologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
| | - Jayson R. Gifford
- Department of Exercise SciencesBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
- Program of GerontologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
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24
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Gimblet CJ, Kruse NT, Geasland K, Michelson J, Sun M, Mandukhail SR, Wendt LH, Eyck PT, Pierce GL, Jalal DI. Effect of Resveratrol on Endothelial Function in Patients with CKD and Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 19:161-168. [PMID: 37843843 PMCID: PMC10861109 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with CKD and diabetes are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, in part, because of impaired endothelial function. Cardioprotective compounds such as resveratrol could improve endothelial function and attenuate the cardiovascular burden in patients with CKD and diabetes. We hypothesized that resveratrol supplementation would improve endothelial function in patients with CKD and diabetes. METHODS Twenty-eight adults aged 68±7 years (84% men) with stage 3 CKD and diabetes were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study to investigate the effects of 6-week resveratrol supplementation (400 mg/d) on endothelial function. Endothelial function was determined through brachial artery flow-mediated dilation. RESULTS The mean values for eGFR and hemoglobin A 1c were 40±9 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 and 7.36%±0.72%, respectively. Compared with placebo, resveratrol supplementation increased flow-mediated dilation (ratio of geometric mean changes and 95% confidence interval for between-group comparisons, 1.43 (1.15 to 1.77); P value = 0.001). eGFR, hemoglobin A 1c , BP, and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation were unchanged with resveratrol or placebo ( P = 0.15), suggesting the observed change in flow-mediated dilation was likely independent of changes in traditional cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol supplementation improved endothelial function in patients with CKD and diabetes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER Resveratrol and Vascular Function in CKD, NCT03597568 . PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2023_11_20_CJN0000000000000337.mp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J. Gimblet
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Nicholas T. Kruse
- College of Health Professionals, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Katharine Geasland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jeni Michelson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mingyao Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Safur Rehman Mandukhail
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Linder H. Wendt
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Patrick Ten Eyck
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Gary L. Pierce
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Diana I. Jalal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
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25
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Punzon-Jimenez P, Machado-Lopez A, Perez-Moraga R, Llera-Oyola J, Grases D, Galvez-Viedma M, Sibai M, Satorres-Perez E, Lopez-Agullo S, Badenes R, Ferrer-Gomez C, Porta-Pardo E, Roson B, Simon C, Mas A. Effect of aging on the human myometrium at single-cell resolution. Nat Commun 2024; 15:945. [PMID: 38296945 PMCID: PMC10830479 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-associated myometrial dysfunction can prompt complications during pregnancy and labor, which is one of the factors contributing to the 7.8-fold increase in maternal mortality in women over 40. Using single-cell/single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, we have constructed a cellular atlas of the aging myometrium from 186,120 cells across twenty perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. We identify 23 myometrial cell subpopulations, including contractile and venous capillary cells as well as immune-modulated fibroblasts. Myometrial aging leads to fewer contractile capillary cells, a reduced level of ion channel expression in smooth muscle cells, and impaired gene expression in endothelial, smooth muscle, fibroblast, perivascular, and immune cells. We observe altered myometrial cell-to-cell communication as an aging hallmark, which associated with the loss of 25 signaling pathways, including those related to angiogenesis, tissue repair, contractility, immunity, and nervous system regulation. These insights may contribute to a better understanding of the complications faced by older individuals during pregnancy and labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Punzon-Jimenez
- Carlos Simon Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alba Machado-Lopez
- Carlos Simon Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raul Perez-Moraga
- Carlos Simon Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- R&D Department, Igenomix, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Daniela Grases
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mustafa Sibai
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Rafael Badenes
- Department of Surgery, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Beatriz Roson
- Carlos Simon Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Simon
- Carlos Simon Foundation, Valencia, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BIDMC, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Aymara Mas
- Carlos Simon Foundation, Valencia, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
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26
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Tanke NT, Liu Z, Gore MT, Bougaran P, Linares MB, Marvin A, Sharma A, Oatley M, Yu T, Quigley K, Vest S, Cook JG, Bautch VL. Endothelial cell flow-mediated quiescence is temporally regulated and utilizes the cell cycle inhibitor p27. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.09.544403. [PMID: 37662222 PMCID: PMC10473767 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.09.544403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Endothelial cells regulate their cell cycle as blood vessels remodel and transition to quiescence downstream of blood flow-induced mechanotransduction. Laminar blood flow leads to quiescence, but how flow-mediated quiescence is established and maintained is poorly understood. Methods Primary human endothelial cells were exposed to laminar flow regimens and gene expression manipulations, and quiescence depth was analyzed via time to cell cycle re-entry after flow cessation. Mouse and zebrafish endothelial expression patterns were examined via scRNA seq analysis, and mutant or morphant fish lacking p27 were analyzed for endothelial cell cycle regulation and in vivo cellular behaviors. Results Arterial flow-exposed endothelial cells had a distinct transcriptome, and they first entered a deep quiescence, then transitioned to shallow quiescence under homeostatic maintenance conditions. In contrast, venous-flow exposed endothelial cells entered deep quiescence early that did not change with homeostasis. The cell cycle inhibitor p27 (CDKN1B) was required to establish endothelial flow-mediated quiescence, and expression levels positively correlated with quiescence depth. p27 loss in vivo led to endothelial cell cycle upregulation and ectopic sprouting, consistent with loss of quiescence. HES1 and ID3, transcriptional repressors of p27 upregulated by arterial flow, were required for quiescence depth changes and the reduced p27 levels associated with shallow quiescence. Conclusions Endothelial cell flow-mediated quiescence has unique properties and temporal regulation of quiescence depth that depends on the flow stimulus. These findings are consistent with a model whereby flow-mediated endothelial cell quiescence depth is temporally regulated downstream of p27 transcriptional regulation by HES1 and ID3. The findings are important in understanding endothelial cell quiescence mis-regulation that leads to vascular dysfunction and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie T Tanke
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Michaelanthony T Gore
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Pauline Bougaran
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Mary B Linares
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Allison Marvin
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Arya Sharma
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Morgan Oatley
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Quigley
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Sarah Vest
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jeanette Gowen Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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27
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Thornton T, Mills D, Bliss E. The impact of lipopolysaccharide on cerebrovascular function and cognition resulting from obesity-induced gut dysbiosis. Life Sci 2024; 336:122337. [PMID: 38072189 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic coinciding with a concomitant increase in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly dementia. Obesity is characterised by increased adiposity, chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress, which promote endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction reduces cerebrovascular function leading to reduced cerebral blood flow and, eventually, cognitive decline, thus predisposing to a neurodegenerative disease. Obesity is also characterised by gut dysbiosis and a subsequent increase in the lipopolysaccharide which increasingly activates toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and further promotes chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. This also disrupts the crosstalk within the gut-brain axis, thus influencing the functions of the central nervous system, including cognition. However, the mechanisms by which obesity-related increases in oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are driven by, or associated with, increased systemic lipopolysaccharide leading to reduced cerebrovascular function and cognition, beyond normal ageing, have not been elucidated. Hence, this review examines how increased concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and the subsequent increased TLR4 activation observed in obesity exacerbate the development of obesity-induced reductions in cerebrovascular function and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Thornton
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia.
| | - Dean Mills
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Molecular Biomarkers Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Edward Bliss
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Molecular Biomarkers Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
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Tummala S, Kuczmarski AV, Del Vecchio AR, Schwab AI, Edwards DG, Wenner MM. Antecubital venous endothelial ETB receptor protein expression is preserved with aging in men. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H110-H115. [PMID: 37921661 PMCID: PMC11213472 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00621.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes in endothelial function precede the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have previously shown that age-related declines in endothelial function in women are due in part to a reduction in endothelial cell endothelin-B receptor (ETBR) protein expression. However, it is not known if ETBR protein expression changes with aging in men. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that ETBR protein expression is attenuated in older men (OM) compared with younger men (YM). Primary endothelial cells were harvested from the antecubital vein of 14 OM (60 ± 6 yr; 26 ± 3 kg/m2) and 17 YM (24 ± 5 yr; 24 ± 2 kg/m2). Cells were stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, vascular endothelial cadherin, and ETBR. Images were quantified using immunocytochemistry. Endothelial function was assessed using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Systolic BP was similar (OM, 123 ± 11 vs. YM, 122 ± 10 mmHg) whereas diastolic BP was higher in OM (OM, 77 ± 7 vs. YM, 70 ± 6 mmHg; P < 0.01). Total testosterone was lower in OM (OM, 6.28 ± 4.21 vs. YM, 9.10 ± 2.68 ng/mL; P = 0.03). As expected, FMD was lower in OM (OM, 3.85 ± 1.51 vs. YM, 6.40 ± 2.68%; P < 0.01). However, ETBR protein expression was similar between OM and YM (OM, 0.39 ± 0.17 vs. YM, 0.42 ± 0.17 AU; P = 0.66). These data suggest that ETBR protein expression is not altered with age in men. These findings contrast with our previous data in women and further support sex differences in the endothelin system.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our laboratory has previously shown that age-related declines in endothelial function are associated with a reduction in endothelial cell ETBR protein expression in women. However, it is unclear if endothelial cell ETBR protein expression is reduced with aging in men. This study demonstrates that endothelial cell ETBR protein expression is preserved with aging in men, and provides additional evidence for sex differences in the endothelin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Tummala
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Andrew V Kuczmarski
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Angelica R Del Vecchio
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Allyson I Schwab
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - David G Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Megan M Wenner
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
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Lawless M, Damluji A, Dirjayanto VJ, Mills G, Pompei G, Rubino F, Kunadian V. Differences in treatment and clinical outcomes in patients aged ≥75 years compared with those aged ≤74 years following acute coronary syndromes: a prospective multicentre study. Open Heart 2023; 10:e002418. [PMID: 38151262 PMCID: PMC10753737 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2023-002418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study describes the differences in treatment and clinical outcomes in patients aged ≥75 years compared with those aged ≤74 years presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and undergoing invasive management. METHODS A large-scale cohort study of patients with ST-elevation/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI)/unstable angina underwent coronary angiography (January 2015-December 2019). Patients were classified as older (≥75 years) and younger (≤74 years). Regression analysis was used to yield adjusted risks of mortality for older versus younger patients (adjusted for history of heart failure, hypercholesterolaemia, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischaemic heart disease, presence of ST-elevation MI on presenting ECG, female sex and cardiogenic shock at presentation). RESULTS In total, 11 763 patients were diagnosed with ACS, of which 39% were aged ≥75 years. Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in fewer older patients than younger patients (81.2% vs 86.2%, p<0.001). At discharge, older patients were prescribed less secondary-prevention medications than younger patients. Median follow-up was 4.57 years. Older patients had a greater risk of in-hospital mortality than younger patients (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.12, 95% CI 1.62 to 2.78, p<0.001). Older patients diagnosed with ST-elevation MI had greater adjusted odds of dying in-hospital (aOR 2.47, 95% CI 1.79 to 3.41, p<0.001). Older age was not an independent prognostic factor of mortality at 1 year (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.95, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.09, p=0.460) and at longer term (aHR 0.98, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.10, p=0.684). CONCLUSIONS Older patients are discharged with less secondary prevention. Patients aged ≥75 years are more likely to die in-hospital than younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lawless
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Abdulla Damluji
- Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Gregory Mills
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Graziella Pompei
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Francesca Rubino
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Vijay Kunadian
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Cardiothoracic Directorate, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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30
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O'Brien MW, Shivgulam ME. Mechanistic, participant, and movement-related factors that contribute to low-flow-mediated constriction. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2687-2697. [PMID: 37804365 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial function is commonly determined via the ultrasound-based flow-mediated dilation (FMD) technique which assesses arterial dilation in response to a hyperemia response following distal cuff occlusion. However, the low-flow-mediated constriction (L-FMC) response during cuff-induced ischemia is often overlooked. L-FMC provides unique information regarding endothelial function, but vascular researchers may be unclear on what this metric adds. Therefore, the objective of this review was to examine the mechanistic determinants and participant-level factors of L-FMC. Existing mechanistic studies have demonstrated that vasoreactivity to low flow may be mediated via non-nitric oxide vasodilators (i.e., endothelial hyperpolarizing factors and/or prostaglandins), inflammatory markers, and enhancement of vasoconstriction via endothelin-1. In general, participant-level factors such as aging and presence of cardiovascular conditions generally are associated with attenuated L-FMC responses. However, the influence of sex on L-FMC is unclear with divergent results between L-FMC in upper versus lower limb vessels. The ability of aerobic exercise to augment L-FMC (i.e., make more negative) is well supported, but there is a major gap in the literature concerning the mechanistic underpinnings of this observation. This review summarizes that while larger L-FMC responses are generally healthy, the impact of interventions to augment/attenuate L-FMC has not included mechanistic measures that would provide insight into non-nitric oxide-based endothelial function. Clarifications to terminology and areas of further inquiry as it relates to the specific pharmacological, individual-level factors, and lifestyle behaviors that impact L-FMC are highlighted. A greater integration of mechanistic work alongside applied lifestyle interventions is required to better understand endothelial cell function to reductions in local blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles W O'Brien
- School of Physiotherapy (Faculty of Health) and Department of Medicine (Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
- Geriatric Medicine Research, Dalhousie University & Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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31
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Aghel N, Gustafson D, Delgado D, Atenafu EG, Fish JE, Lipton JH. High sensitivity c-reactive protein and circulating biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Leuk Lymphoma 2023; 64:2008-2017. [PMID: 37554059 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2242990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the management of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML); however, they may cause cardiovascular (CV) toxicities. In this cross-sectional study, we explored whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and novel markers of vascular dysfunction were associated with exposure to specific TKIs, in 262 CML patients. Hs-CRP level was not associated with CML disease activity or treatment with a specific TKI. Body mass index (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.108-1.246; p < 0.001) and CML duration (OR: 1.004, 95% CI: 1.001-1.008; p = 0.024) were independently associated with higher hs-CRP. In exploratory analyses, novel endothelial-centric markers (e.g. ET-1 and VCAM-1) were differential across the various TKIs, particularly amongst nilotinib- and ponatinib-treated patients. While Levels of hs-CRP do not appear to be correlated with specific TKIs, circulating markers of vascular dysfunction were altered in patients treated with specific TKIs and should be explored as potential markers of TKI-associated CV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Aghel
- Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Oncology Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Dakota Gustafson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Diego Delgado
- Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eshetu G Atenafu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason E Fish
- Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey H Lipton
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Freeberg KA, Craighead DH, Heinbockel TC, Rossman MJ, Jackman RA, Jankowski LR, Ludwig KR, Chonchol M, Bailey EF, Seals DR. Time-efficient, high-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training increases cerebrovascular reactivity in midlife and older adults. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1059-H1068. [PMID: 37682232 PMCID: PMC10908405 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00351.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with increased risk for cognitive decline and dementia due in part to increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and cerebrovascular dysfunction. High-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) is a time-efficient, intensive respiratory training protocol (30 resisted inspirations/day) that lowers SBP and improves peripheral vascular function in midlife/older adults with above-normal SBP. However, whether, and by what mechanisms, IMST can improve cerebrovascular function is unknown. We hypothesized that IMST would increase cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia (CVR to CO2), which would coincide with changes to the plasma milieu that improve brain endothelial cell function and enhance cognitive performance (NIH Toolbox). We conducted a 6-wk double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial investigating high-resistance IMST [75% maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax); 6×/wk; 4 females, 5 males] vs. low-resistance sham training (15% PImax; 6×/wk; 2 females, 5 males) in midlife/older adults (age 50-79 yr) with initial above-normal SBP. Human brain endothelial cells (HBECs) were exposed to participant plasma and assessed for acetylcholine-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production. CVR to CO2 increased after high-resistance IMST (pre: 1.38 ± 0.66 cm/s/mmHg; post: 2.31 ± 1.02 cm/s/mmHg, P = 0.020). Acetylcholine-stimulated NO production increased in HBECs exposed to plasma from after vs. before the IMST intervention [pre: 1.49 ± 0.33; post: 1.73 ± 0.35 arbitrary units (AU); P < 0.001]. Episodic memory increased modestly after the IMST intervention (pre: 95 ± 13; post: 103 ± 17 AU; P = 0.045). Cerebrovascular and cognitive function were unchanged in the sham control group. High-resistance IMST may be a promising strategy to improve cerebrovascular and cognitive function in midlife/older adults with above-normal SBP, a population at risk for future cognitive decline and dementia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Midlife/older adults with above-normal blood pressure are at increased risk of developing cognitive decline and dementia. Our findings suggest that high-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST), a novel, time-efficient (5-10 min/day) form of physical training, may increase cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 and episodic memory in midlife/older adults with initial above-normal blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin A Freeberg
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Daniel H Craighead
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Thomas C Heinbockel
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Rachel A Jackman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Lindsey R Jankowski
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Katelyn R Ludwig
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - E Fiona Bailey
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
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Ziogos E, Kwapong YA, Weiss RG, Schär M, Brown TT, Bagchi S, Soleimanifard A, Harb T, Piggott DA, Gerstenblith G, Leucker TM, Hays AG. Coronary artery endothelial function and aging in people with HIV and HIV-negative individuals. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1099-H1107. [PMID: 37682238 PMCID: PMC10907030 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00143.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common comorbidity in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) and impaired coronary endothelial function (CEF) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of CAD. Age-related impaired CEF among PWH, however, is not well characterized. We investigated the association between CEF and age in males and females with and without HIV using 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We measured the changes in coronary cross-sectional area (CSA) and coronary blood flow during isometric handgrip exercise (IHE), an established endothelial-dependent stressor with smaller increases in CSA and coronary blood flow indicative of impaired CEF. We included 106 PWH and 82 individuals without HIV. Differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between PWH and individuals without HIV were explored using Pearson's χ2 test for categorical variables and Welch's t test for continuous variables. Linear regression models were used to examine the association between CEF and age. CEF was significantly lower in PWH as compared with individuals without HIV. Coronary endothelial dysfunction was also present at younger ages in PWH than in the individuals without HIV and there were significant differences in CEF between the PWH and individuals without HIV across age groups. Among the individuals without HIV, the percent changes in CSA were inversely related to age in unadjusted and adjusted models. There was no significant association between CEF and age in PWH. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship between age and CEF in PWH, and our results suggest that factors other than age significantly impair CEF in PWH across the life span.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to examine the relationship between age and coronary endothelial function (CEF) in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH). CEF was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in people with and without HIV. Although age and CEF were significantly inversely related in individuals without HIV, there was no association between age and CEF in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios Ziogos
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Yaa A Kwapong
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Robert G Weiss
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Michael Schär
- Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Todd T Brown
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Shashwatee Bagchi
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Alborz Soleimanifard
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Tarek Harb
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Damani A Piggott
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Gary Gerstenblith
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Thorsten M Leucker
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Allison G Hays
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Mahoney SA, Dey AK, Basisty N, Herman AB. Identification and functional analysis of senescent cells in the cardiovascular system using omics approaches. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1039-H1058. [PMID: 37656130 PMCID: PMC10908411 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00352.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and senescent cells have emerged as key contributors to its pathogenesis. Senescent cells exhibit cell cycle arrest and secrete a range of proinflammatory factors, termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which promotes tissue dysfunction and exacerbates CVD progression. Omics technologies, specifically transcriptomics and proteomics, offer powerful tools to uncover and define the molecular signatures of senescent cells in cardiovascular tissue. By analyzing the comprehensive molecular profiles of senescent cells, omics approaches can identify specific genetic alterations, gene expression patterns, protein abundances, and metabolite levels associated with senescence in CVD. These omics-based discoveries provide insights into the mechanisms underlying senescence-induced cardiovascular damage, facilitating the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, integration of multiple omics data sets enables a systems-level understanding of senescence in CVD, paving the way for precision medicine approaches to prevent or treat cardiovascular aging and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia A Mahoney
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Amit K Dey
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Nathan Basisty
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Allison B Herman
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Zhang Y, Li Q, Shi S, Liu L, Lv J, Zhu L, Zhang H. Clinical and pathological characteristics in elderly patients with IgA nephropathy. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:1974-1979. [PMID: 37915928 PMCID: PMC10616429 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common cause of primary glomerulonephritis, with highly variable manifestations. Although the peak incidence of IgAN is in young adults, the diagnosis among elderly people is increasing. Here we explored the effect of aging on IgAN features, as well as cellular senescence in the kidney of IgAN. Methods A total of 910 patients with IgAN were enrolled, which contained 182 individuals in each age stage (aged ≥60, 50-59, 40-49, 30-39 and 20-29 years). Clinical and pathological manifestations at the time of renal biopsy were compared. Additionally, 38 patients with IgAN (19 aged over or equal to 60 years and 19 aged below 60 years) were randomly selected for p16INK4a staining by immunohistochemistry. The percentage of p16INK4a-positive cells in glomeruli, renal tubule and interstitium were separately quantified. Results Compared with young IgAN patients, elderly patients presented with higher levels of circulating IgA, uric acid and proteinuria, but lower estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR), as well as lower red blood cell counts, platelet counts and lymphocyte counts. Moreover, elderly IgAN patients showed higher incidence of hypertension, and lower incidence of prodromic infection. Regarding histological lesions in the kidney, young IgAN patients had higher degree of IgA and C3 deposits, while elderly IgAN patients had more severe Oxford-E lesions, but less severe Oxford-S lesions. The percentage of glomerular and tubular p16INK4a-positive cells in elderly patients showed an increasing trend, but statistical significance was not reached. The percentage of p16INK4a-positive nuclei in renal interstitium was positively associated with T score, while increased percentage of p16INK4a-positive nuclei in renal tubule was associated with eGFR and 24-h urinary protein level. Conclusion In our IgAN cohort, elderly IgAN patients presented with some aging-related features, and both aging- and IgAN-induced pathological injury contributed to the kidney lesions in patients with IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongji Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Sufang Shi
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Lv
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
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Freeberg KA, Ludwig KR, Chonchol M, Seals DR, Rossman MJ. NAD +-boosting compounds enhance nitric oxide production and prevent oxidative stress in endothelial cells exposed to plasma from patients with COVID-19. Nitric Oxide 2023; 140-141:1-7. [PMID: 37657532 PMCID: PMC10840929 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), induces vascular endothelial dysfunction, but the mechanisms are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the "circulating milieu" (plasma) of patients with COVID-19 would cause endothelial cell dysfunction (characterized by lower nitric oxide (NO) production), which would be linked to greater reactive oxygen species (ROS) bioactivity and depletion of the critical metabolic co-substrate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). We also investigated if treatment with NAD+-boosting compounds would prevent COVID-19-induced reductions in endothelial cell NO bioavailability and oxidative stress. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were exposed to plasma from men and women (age 18-85 years) who were hospitalized and tested positive (n = 34; 20 M) or negative (n = 13; 10 M) for COVID-19. HAECs exposed to plasma from patients with COVID-19 also were co-incubated with NAD+ precursors nicotinamide riboside (NR) or nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). Acetylcholine-stimulated NO production was 27% lower and ROS bioactivity was 54% higher in HAECs exposed to plasma from patients with COVID-19 (both p < 0.001 vs. control); these responses were independent of age and sex. NAD+ concentrations were 30% lower in HAECs exposed to plasma from patients with COVID-19 (p = 0.001 vs. control). Co-incubation with NR abolished COVID-19-induced reductions in NO production and oxidative stress (both p > 0.05 vs. control). Co-treatment with NMN produced similar results. Our findings suggest the circulating milieu of patients with COVID-19 promotes endothelial cell dysfunction, characterized by lower NO bioavailability, greater ROS bioactivity, and NAD+ depletion. Supplementation with NAD+ precursors may exert a protective effect against COVID-19-evoked endothelial cell dysfunction and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin A Freeberg
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Katelyn R Ludwig
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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Hannawi Y. Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: a Review of the Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01195-9. [PMID: 37864643 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) refers to the age-dependent pathological processes involving the brain small vessels and leading to vascular cognitive impairment, intracerebral hemorrhage, and acute lacunar ischemic stroke. Despite the significant public health burden of cSVD, disease-specific therapeutics remain unavailable due to the incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Recent advances in neuroimaging acquisition and processing capabilities as well as findings from cSVD animal models have revealed critical roles of several age-dependent processes in cSVD pathogenesis including arterial stiffness, vascular oxidative stress, low-grade systemic inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and increased salt intake. These factors interact to cause a state of endothelial cell dysfunction impairing cerebral blood flow regulation and breaking the blood brain barrier. Neuroinflammation follows resulting in neuronal injury and cSVD clinical manifestations. Impairment of the cerebral waste clearance through the glymphatic system is another potential process that has been recently highlighted contributing to the cognitive decline. This review details these mechanisms and attempts to explain their complex interactions. In addition, the relevant knowledge gaps in cSVD mechanistic understanding are identified and a systematic approach to future translational and early phase clinical research is proposed in order to reveal new cSVD mechanisms and develop disease-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Hannawi
- Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, 333 West 10th Ave, Graves Hall 3172C, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Clayton ZS, Rossman MJ, Mahoney SA, Venkatasubramanian R, Maurer GS, Hutton DA, VanDongen NS, Greenberg NT, Longtine AG, Ludwig KR, Brunt VE, LaRocca TJ, Campisi J, Melov S, Seals DR. Cellular Senescence Contributes to Large Elastic Artery Stiffening and Endothelial Dysfunction With Aging: Amelioration With Senolytic Treatment. Hypertension 2023; 80:2072-2087. [PMID: 37593877 PMCID: PMC10530538 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, we assessed the role of cellular senescence and the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in age-related aortic stiffening and endothelial dysfunction. METHODS We studied young (6-8 mo) and old (27-29 mo) p16-3MR mice, which allows for genetic-based clearance of senescent cells with ganciclovir (GCV). We also treated old C57BL/6N mice with the senolytic ABT-263. RESULTS In old mice, GCV reduced aortic stiffness assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV; 477±10 vs. 382±7 cm/s, P<0.05) to young levels (old-GCV vs. young-vehicle, P=0.35); ABT-263 also reduced aortic PWV in old mice (446±9 to 356±11 cm/s, P<0.05). Aortic adventitial collagen was reduced by GCV (P<0.05) and ABT-263 (P=0.12) in old mice. To show an effect of the circulating SASP, we demonstrated that plasma exposure from Old-vehicle p16-3MR mice, but not from Old-GCV mice, induced aortic stiffening assessed ex vivo (elastic modulus; P<0.05). Plasma proteomics implicated glycolysis in circulating SASP-mediated aortic stiffening. In old p16-3MR mice, GCV increased endothelial function assessed via peak carotid artery endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD; Old-GCV, 94±1% vs. Old-vehicle, 84±2%, P<0.05) to young levels (Old-GCV vs. young-vehicle, P=0.98), and EDD was higher in old C57BL/6N mice treated with ABT-263 vs. vehicle (96±1% vs. 82±3%, P<0.05). Improvements in endothelial function were mediated by increased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability (P<0.05) and reduced oxidative stress (P<0.05). Circulating SASP factors related to NO signaling were associated with greater NO-mediated EDD following senescent cell clearance. CONCLUSIONS Cellular senescence and the SASP contribute to vascular aging and senolytics hold promise for improving age-related vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S. Clayton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Matthew J. Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Sophia A. Mahoney
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | | | - Grace S. Maurer
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - David A. Hutton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | | | - Nathan T. Greenberg
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Abigail G. Longtine
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Katelyn R. Ludwig
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Vienna E. Brunt
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Thomas J. LaRocca
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Judith Campisi
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Simon Melov
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA
| | - Douglas R. Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
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Shiwakoti S, Gong D, Sharma K, Kang KW, Schini-Kerth VB, Kim HJ, Ko JY, Oak MH. γ-Oryzanol ameliorates fine dust-induced premature endothelial senescence and dysfunction via attenuating oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113981. [PMID: 37549806 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Various cardiovascular diseases are associated with endothelial senescence, and a recent study showed that fine dust (FD)-induced premature endothelial senescence and dysfunction is associated with increased oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate protective effect of rice bran extract (RBE) and its major component of γ-Oryzanol (γ-Ory) against FD-induced premature endothelial senescence. Porcine coronary artery endothelial cells (PCAECs) were treated with FD alone or with RBE or γ-Ory. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, and oxidative stress levels were evaluated. The results indicated that SA-β-gal activity in the FD-treated PCAECs was attenuated by RBE and γ-Ory. Additionally, γ-Ory inhibited FD-induced cell cycle arrest, restored cell proliferation, and reduced the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins. γ-Ory also inhibited oxidative stress and prevented senescence-associated NADPH oxidase and LAS activity in FD-exposed ECs suggesting that γ-Ory could protect against FD-induced ECs senescence and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saugat Shiwakoti
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Dalseong Gong
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea; Regenerative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, UMR 1260, INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kushal Sharma
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Woon Kang
- Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Heart Reasearch Institute and Biomedical Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Valérie B Schini-Kerth
- Regenerative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, UMR 1260, INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Ko
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Ho Oak
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea.
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Zoughaib WS, Hoffman RL, Yates BA, Moorthi RN, Lim K, Coggan AR. Short-term beetroot juice supplementation improves muscle speed and power but does not reduce blood pressure or oxidative stress in 65-79 y old men and women. Nitric Oxide 2023; 138-139:34-41. [PMID: 37244392 PMCID: PMC10527284 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that acute ingestion of inorganic nitrate (NO3-)-rich beetroot juice (BRJ), a source of nitric oxide (NO) via the NO3- → nitrite (NO2-) → NO pathway, can improve muscle speed and power in older individuals. It is not known, however, whether this effect is maintained or perhaps even enhanced with repeated ingestion, or if tolerance develops as with organic nitrates, e.g., nitroglycerin. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, we therefore studied 16 community-dwelling older (age 71 ± 5 y) individuals after both acute and short-term (i.e., daily for 2 wk) BRJ supplementation. Blood samples were drawn and blood pressure was measured periodically during each ∼3 h experiment, with muscle function determined using isokinetic dynamometry. Acute ingestion of BRJ containing 18.2 ± 6.2 mmol of NO3- increased plasma NO3- and NO2- concentrations 23 ± 11 and 2.7 ± 2.1-fold over placebo, respectively. This was accompanied by 5 ± 11% and 7 ± 13% increases in maximal knee extensor speed (Vmax) and power (Pmax), respectively. After daily supplementation for 2 wk, BRJ ingestion elevated NO3- and NO2- levels 24 ± 12 and 3.3 ± 4.0-fold, respectively, whereas Vmax and Pmax were 7 ± 9% and 9 ± 11% higher than baseline. No changes were observed in blood pressure or in plasma markers of oxidative stress with either acute or short-term NO3- supplementation. We conclude that both acute and short-term dietary NO3- supplementation result in similar improvements in muscle function in older individuals. The magnitudes of these improvements are sufficient to offset the decline resulting from a decade or more of aging and are therefore likely to be clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Zoughaib
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Richard L Hoffman
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Brandon A Yates
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ranjani N Moorthi
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Andrew R Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA.
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Shields KL, Jarrett CL, Bisconti AV, Park SH, Craig JC, Broxterman RM, Richardson RS. Preserved endothelium-independent vascular function with aging in men and women: evidence from the peripheral and cerebral vasculature. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:559-571. [PMID: 37391885 PMCID: PMC10538978 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00571.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the peripheral and cerebral vasculature, the impact of aging and sex on the endothelial-independent functional capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is not well understood, nor is it known whether such VSMC functions in these vascular beds reflect one another. Therefore, endothelium-independent dilation, at both the conduit (Δ diameter) and microvascular (Δ vascular conductance, VC) level, elicited by sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG, 0.8 mg of Nitrostat), compared with sham-delivery (control), was assessed using Doppler ultrasound in the popliteal (PA) and middle cerebral (MCA) artery of 20 young [23 ± 4 yr, 10 males (YM)/10 females (YF)] and 21 old [69 ± 5 yr, 11 males (OM)/10 females (OF)] relatively healthy adults. In the PA, compared with zero, NTG significantly increased diameter in all groups (YM: 0.29 ± 0.13, YF: 0.35 ± 0.26, OM: 0.30 ± 0.18, OF: 0.31 ± 0.14 mm), while control did not. The increase in VC only achieved significance in the OF (0.22 ± 0.31 mL/min/mmHg). In the MCA, compared with zero, NTG significantly increased diameter and VC in all groups (YM: 0.89 ± 0.30, 1.06 ± 1.28; YF: 0.97 ± 0.31, 1.84 ± 1.07; OM: 0.90 ± 0.42, 0.72 ± 0.99; OF: 0.74 ± 0.32, 1.19 ± 1.18, mm and mL/min/mmHg, respectively), while control did not. There were no age or sex differences or age-by-sex interactions for both the NTG-induced PA and MCA dilation and VC. In addition, PA and MCA dilation and VC responses to NTG were not related when grouped by age, sex, or as all subjects (r = 0.04-0.44, P > 0.05). Thus, peripheral and cerebral endothelial-independent VSMC function appears to be unaffected by age or sex, and variations in such VSMC function in one of these vascular beds are not reflected in the other.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To confidently explain peripheral and cerebral vascular dysfunction, it is essential to have a clear understanding of the endothelial-independent function of VSMCs across age and sex. By assessing endothelium-independent dilation using sublingual nitroglycerin, endothelial-independent VSMC function in the periphery (popliteal artery), and in the cerebral circulation (middle cerebral artery), was not different due to age or sex. In addition, endothelial-independent VSMC function in one of these vascular beds is not reflected in the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Shields
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Catherine L Jarrett
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Angela V Bisconti
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Soung Hun Park
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Jesse C Craig
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Ryan M Broxterman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Center on Aging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Center on Aging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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Maurer GS, Clayton ZS. Anthracycline chemotherapy, vascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment: burgeoning topics and future directions. Future Cardiol 2023; 19:547-566. [PMID: 36354315 PMCID: PMC10599408 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2022-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines, chemotherapeutic agents used to treat common forms of cancer, increase cardiovascular (CV) complications, thereby necessitating research regarding interventions to improve the health of cancer survivors. Vascular dysfunction, which is induced by anthracycline chemotherapy, is an established antecedent to overt CV diseases. Potential treatment options for ameliorating vascular dysfunction have largely been understudied. Furthermore, patients treated with anthracyclines have impaired cognitive function and vascular dysfunction is an independent risk factor for the development of mild cognitive impairment. Here, we will focus on: anthracycline chemotherapy associated CV diseases risk; how targeting mechanisms underlying vascular dysfunction may be a means to improve both CV and cognitive health; and research gaps and potential future directions for the field of cardio-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace S Maurer
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Zachary S Clayton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Sánchez-Delgado JC, Cohen DD, Camacho-López PA, Carreño-Robayo J, Castañeda-Hernández A, García-González D, Martínez-Bello D, Aroca-Martinez G, Parati G, Lopez-Jaramillo P. Handgrip Strength Is Associated with Specific Aspects of Vascular Function in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2435. [PMID: 37760876 PMCID: PMC10525985 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a disorder associated with an increased risk for the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Lower isometric handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. However, the association between HGS and arterial stiffness parameters, which are considered the predictors of morbidity and mortality in individuals with MetS, is not well defined. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between HGS and HGS asymmetry on components of vascular function in adults with MetS. METHODS We measured handgrip strength normalized to bodyweight (HGS/kg), HGS asymmetry, body composition, blood glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), reflection coefficient (RC), augmentation index @75 bpm (AIx@75) and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) in 55 adults with a diagnosis of MetS between 25 and 54 years old. RESULTS Mean age was 43.1 ± 7.0 years, 56.3% were females. HGS/kg was negatively correlated with AIx@75 (r = -0.440), p < 0.05, but these associations were not significant after adjusting for age and sex. However, when interaction effects between sex, HGS/kg and age were examined, we observed an inverse relationship between HGS/kg and AIx@75 in the older adults in the sample, whereas in the younger adults, a weak direct association was found. We also found a significant association between HGS asymmetry and PVR (beta = 30, 95% CI = 7.02; 54.2; p <0.012). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that in people with MetS, maintaining muscle strength may have an increasingly important role in older age in the attenuation of age-related increases in AIx@75-a marker of vascular stiffness-and that a higher HGS asymmetry could be associated with a greater vascular resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Sánchez-Delgado
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Bucaramanga 680003, Colombia; (D.D.C.); (J.C.-R.); (A.C.-H.); (D.M.-B.)
- Grupo de Investigación Ser Cultura y Movimiento, Universidad Santo Tomás-Bucaramanga, Santander 680001, Colombia;
| | - Daniel D. Cohen
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Bucaramanga 680003, Colombia; (D.D.C.); (J.C.-R.); (A.C.-H.); (D.M.-B.)
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Javier Carreño-Robayo
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Bucaramanga 680003, Colombia; (D.D.C.); (J.C.-R.); (A.C.-H.); (D.M.-B.)
| | - Alvaro Castañeda-Hernández
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Bucaramanga 680003, Colombia; (D.D.C.); (J.C.-R.); (A.C.-H.); (D.M.-B.)
| | - Daniel García-González
- Grupo de Investigación Ser Cultura y Movimiento, Universidad Santo Tomás-Bucaramanga, Santander 680001, Colombia;
| | - Daniel Martínez-Bello
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Bucaramanga 680003, Colombia; (D.D.C.); (J.C.-R.); (A.C.-H.); (D.M.-B.)
| | - Gustavo Aroca-Martinez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia;
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Istituto Auxologico Italuano & University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Piazza Brescia, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Bucaramanga 680003, Colombia; (D.D.C.); (J.C.-R.); (A.C.-H.); (D.M.-B.)
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Saz-Lara A, Cavero-Redondo I, Pascual-Morena C, Martínez-García I, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez E, Lucerón-Lucas-Torres M, Bizzozero-Peroni B, Moreno-Herráiz N, Martínez-Rodrigo A. Early vascular aging as an index of cardiovascular risk in healthy adults: confirmatory factor analysis from the EVasCu study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:209. [PMID: 37592251 PMCID: PMC10436435 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of early vascular aging (EVA) represents a potentially beneficial model for future research into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the early manifestations of cardiovascular disease. For this reason, the aims of this study were to verify by confirmatory factor analysis the concept of EVA on a single factor based on vascular, clinical and biochemical parameters in a healthy adult population and to develop a statistical model to estimate the EVA index from variables collected in a dataset to classify patients into different cardiovascular risk groups: healthy vascular aging (HVA) and EVA. METHODS The EVasCu study, a cross-sectional study, was based on data obtained from 390 healthy adults. To examine the construct validity of a single-factor model to measure accelerated vascular aging, different models including vascular, clinical and biochemical parameters were examined. In addition, unsupervised clustering techniques (using both K-means and hierarchical methods) were used to identify groups of patients sharing similar characteristics in terms of the analysed variables to classify patients into different cardiovascular risk groups: HVA and EVA. RESULTS Our data show that a single-factor model including pulse pressure, glycated hemoglobin A1c, pulse wave velocity and advanced glycation end products shows the best construct validity for the EVA index. The optimal value of the risk groups to separate patients is K = 2 (HVA and EVA). CONCLUSIONS The EVA index proved to be an adequate model to classify patients into different cardiovascular risk groups, which could be valuable in guiding future preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Saz-Lara
- Health and Social Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile.
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la Republica, 40000, Rivera, Uruguay
| | - Nerea Moreno-Herráiz
- Health and Social Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Arturo Martínez-Rodrigo
- Research Group in Electronic, Biomedical, and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
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Gentilin A, Moghetti P, Cevese A, Mattioli AV, Schena F, Tarperi C. Circadian and sex differences in post-ischemic vasodilation and reactive hyperemia in young individuals and elderly with and without type 2 diabetes. Microcirculation 2023; 30:e12818. [PMID: 37246844 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular events show morning preference and sex differences, and are related to aging and type 2 diabetes. We assessed circadian variations and sex differences in vascular conductance (VC) and blood flow (BF) regulations following a brief bout of forearm ischemia. METHODS Young healthy individuals (H18-30) and elderly without (H50-80) and with type 2 diabetes (T2DM50-80) of both sexes were included. Forearm VC and BF, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at baseline and following circulatory reperfusion were measured at 6 a.m. and 9 p.m. RESULTS In the morning compared to evening, following reperfusion, the VC and BF increments were similar in H18-30 (p>.71), but lower in H50-80 (p<.001) and T2DM50-80 (p<.01). VC and BF following circulatory reperfusion were higher in men than women in H18-30 (p<.001), but similar between sexes in the older groups (p>.23). CONCLUSIONS Forearm vasodilation following reperfusion is attenuated in the morning in the elderly, impairing BF towards an ischemic area. Diabetes does not affect the circadian regulation of VC and BF, but that of MAP. There are sex differences in VC and BF at baseline and after circulatory reperfusion at a young age, being greater in men, which disappear with aging without being affected by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gentilin
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Italian Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Moghetti
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Cevese
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Italian Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Italian Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Italian Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Cantor Tarperi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Lauriola M, D'Onofrio G, Ciccone F, Torre AL, Angelillis V, Germano C, Cascavilla L, Greco A. Vascular Schizophrenia-like Psychosis in Older Adults. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4831. [PMID: 37510946 PMCID: PMC10381626 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to analyze prevalence and severity of vascular risk factors in older patients referred to our clinic due to onset of Very Late-Onset Schizophrenia-Like Psychosis (VLOSLP) and to create a specific phenotype based on pathophysiological insight rather than age of onset. METHODS In a longitudinal study, 103 (M = 39, F = 64; mean age of 80.32 ± 7.65 years) patients were evaluated with cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and functional assessment scales. Blood concentration of hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), platelets, total protein test (TPT), creatinine, azotemia, glycemia, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), uric acid (UA), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chlorine (Cl), calcium (Ca), folate, vitamin B12 (Vit-B12), and homocysteine were measured. Presence/absence of tobacco use, alcohol consumption, psychoactive substance use, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and history of vascular disease were collected. RESULTS Females were more apathetic than males (NPI-Apathy: p = 0.040). Males had a significantly higher level of Hb (p = 0.019) and UA (p = 0.001), and a lower level of platelets (p = 0.004) and Ca (p = 0.003), and used more tobacco (p = 0.046) and alcohol (p = 0.024) than females. Comparing patients < 80 and ≥80 years, we found differences in frequency of vascular risk factors among men (p = 0.027). In total, 102 patients were treated for psychosis (59.16% of them were using atypical antipsychotics). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study could be useful for a progressive demonstration of the causal relationship between cardiac and cerebral vascular events and VLOSLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Lauriola
- Complex Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Grazia D'Onofrio
- Clinical Psychology Service, Health Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Filomena Ciccone
- Clinical Psychology Service, Health Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Annamaria la Torre
- Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Valentina Angelillis
- Complex Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Carmela Germano
- Complex Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Leandro Cascavilla
- Complex Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Complex Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
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Lopian M, Kashani-Ligumsky L, Many A. A Balancing Act: Navigating Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy at Very Advanced Maternal Age, from Preconception to Postpartum. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4701. [PMID: 37510816 PMCID: PMC10380965 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The decision to postpone parenting has gained momentum in recent years, a shift driven by evolving social dynamics and improved access to fertility treatments. Despite their increasing prevalence, pregnancies at advanced maternal ages are associated with increased risks of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. This article addresses the association between advanced maternal age and hypertensive disorders of pregnancies (HDPs), which are more prevalent and a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in this population. This review explores the biological mechanisms and age-related risk factors that underpin this increased susceptibility and offers practical management strategies that can be implemented prior to, as well as during, each stage of pregnancy to mitigate the incidence and severity of HDPs in this group. Lastly, this review acknowledges both the short-term and long-term postpartum implications of HDPs in women of advanced maternal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Lopian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center, Bnei Brak 51544, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Lior Kashani-Ligumsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center, Bnei Brak 51544, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ariel Many
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center, Bnei Brak 51544, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Świątczak M, Rozwadowska K, Sikorska K, Młodziński K, Świątczak A, Raczak G, Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz L. The potential impact of hereditary hemochromatosis on the heart considering the disease stage and patient age-the role of echocardiography. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1202961. [PMID: 37496670 PMCID: PMC10368456 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1202961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a genetic disease that leads to increased iron accumulation in several organs. Cardiomyocytes are highly susceptible to this damage owing to their high iron uptake, and cardiovascular complications account for 1/3 of the deaths in the natural course of HH. Additionally, excess iron intake and associated oxidative stress may accelerate the aging of the cardiovascular system, regardless of the age of patients with HH. We aimed to investigate the role of standard and speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) in revealing heart differences in patients with HH considering the disease stage and the patient age. Methodology Consecutive patients with HH (n = 58) without heart pathologies (except hypertension) and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals underwent echocardiography. Patients were compared according to the time since HH diagnosis (the recently diagnosed HH group [31 patients] with diagnosed HH for less than 6 months and had no more than one venesection; the medium group [11 patients] with diagnosed HH between 6 and 24 months; and the long-lasting group [16 patients] with diagnosed HH for more than 2 years) and the quartile contribution of their age. Results Standard echocardiography revealed differences in diastolic parameters between patients with HH and controls, which were the most prominent between healthy and long-lasting HH patients. Regarding systolic function, left ventricular ejection fraction was lower in HH patients, with the most evident differences between the healthy and recently diagnosed HH patients. STE revealed additional differences in systolic parameters, with LV rotation the worst in recently diagnosed patients and its increase in patients with medium and long-lasting HH. Significantly worse peak systolic longitudinal strain values were observed in all patients with HH. Analyses of the results according to the age quartiles of patients with HH revealed that some changes ocurred earlier than expected according to age. Conclusions Echocardiography can reveal possible heart damage in HH patients at different stages of the disease and highlight potential features of accelerated myocardial aging in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Świątczak
- Department of Cardiology and Electrotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rozwadowska
- Department of Cardiology and Electrotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sikorska
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Młodziński
- Department of Cardiology and Electrotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Świątczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Raczak
- Department of Cardiology and Electrotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Murray KO, Ludwig KR, Darvish S, Coppock ME, Seals DR, Rossman MJ. Chronic mitochondria antioxidant treatment in older adults alters the circulating milieu to improve endothelial cell function and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H187-H194. [PMID: 37326998 PMCID: PMC10312314 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00270.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species production by mitochondria (mtROS) is a key contributor to age-related vascular endothelial dysfunction. We recently showed in a crossover design, placebo-controlled clinical trial in older adults that 6 wk of treatment with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (MitoQ) improved endothelial function, as measured by nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD), by lowering mtROS and was associated with reduced circulating levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Here, we conducted an ancillary analysis using plasma samples from our clinical trial to determine if MitoQ treatment-mediated changes in the "circulating milieu" (plasma) contribute to improvements in endothelial function and the mechanisms involved. With the use of an ex vivo model of endothelial function, acetylcholine-stimulated NO production was quantified in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) exposed to plasma collected after chronic MitoQ and placebo supplementation in 19 older adults (67 ± 1 yr; 11 females). We also assessed the influence of plasma on endothelial cell (EC) mtROS bioactivity and the role of lower circulating oxLDL in plasma-mediated changes. NO production was ∼25% higher (P = 0.0002) and mtROS bioactivity was ∼25% lower (P = 0.003) in HAECs exposed to plasma collected from subjects after MitoQ treatment versus placebo. Improvements in NO production ex vivo and NO-mediated EDD in vivo with MitoQ were correlated (r = 0.4683; P = 0.0431). Increasing oxLDL in plasma collected after MitoQ to placebo levels abolished MitoQ treatment effects on NO production and mtROS bioactivity, whereas inhibition of endogenous oxLDL binding to its lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) prevented these effects. These findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms by which MitoQ treatment improves endothelial function in older adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronic supplementation with a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (MitoQ) improves vascular endothelial function in older adults, but the mechanisms of action are incompletely understood. Here, we show that MitoQ supplementation leads to changes in the circulating milieu (plasma), including reductions in oxidized low-density lipoprotein that enhance nitric oxide production and reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress in endothelial cells. These findings provide new information regarding the mechanisms by which MitoQ improves age-related endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin O Murray
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Katelyn R Ludwig
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Sanna Darvish
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - McKinley E Coppock
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
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Fico BG, Maharaj A, Pena GS, Huang CJ. The Effects of Obesity on the Inflammatory, Cardiovascular, and Neurobiological Responses to Exercise in Older Adults. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:865. [PMID: 37372149 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity with advancing age leads to increased health complications that are involved in various complex physiological processes. For example, inflammation is a critical cardiovascular disease risk factor that plays a role in the stages of atherosclerosis in both aging and obesity. Obesity can also induce profound changes to the neural circuitry that regulates food intake and energy homeostasis with advancing age. Here we discuss how obesity in older adults impacts inflammatory, cardiovascular, and neurobiological functions with an emphasis on how exercise mediates each topic. Although obesity is a reversible disorder through lifestyle changes, it is important to note that early interventions are crucial to prevent pathological changes seen in the aging obese population. Lifestyle modifications such as physical activity (including aerobic and resistance training) should be considered as a main intervention to minimize the synergistic effect of obesity on age-related conditions, such as cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Fico
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Arun Maharaj
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Gabriel S Pena
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Chun-Jung Huang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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