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Lin X, Yong J, Gan M, Tang S, Du J. Impact of low-dose aspirin exposure on obstetrical outcomes: a meta-analysis. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2024; 45:2344079. [PMID: 38712869 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2024.2344079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of low-dose aspirin (LDA) on obstetrical outcomes through a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS A systematic search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase databases from inception to January 2024 was conducted to identify studies exploring the role of aspirin on pregnancy, reporting obstetrical-related outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB, gestational age <37 weeks), small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW, birthweight < 2500g), perinatal death (PND), admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), 5-min Apgar score < 7 and placental abruption. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated for the combined outcomes. Subgroup analyses were performed by risk for preeclampsia (PE), LDA dosage (<100 mg vs. ≥100 mg) and timing of onset (≤20 weeks vs. >20 weeks). RESULTS Forty-seven studies involving 59,124 participants were included. Compared with placebo, LDA had a more significant effect on low-risk events such as SGA, PTB and LBW. Specifically, LDA significantly reduced the risk of SGA (RR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.87-0.95), PTB (RR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89-0.97) and LBW (RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.99). For high-risk events, LDA significantly lowered the risk of NICU admission (RR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87-0.99). On the other hand, LDA can significantly increase the risk of placental abruption (RR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.23-2.43). Subgroup analyses showed that LDA significantly reduced the risk of SGA (RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77-0.97), PTB (RR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88-0.98) and PND (RR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48-0.88) in pregnant women at high risk of PE, whereas in healthy pregnant women LDA did not significantly improve obstetrical outcomes, but instead significantly increased the risk of placental abruption (RR = 5.56, 95% CI: 1.92-16.11). In pregnant women at high risk of PE, LDA administered at doses ≥100 mg significantly reduced the risk of SGA (RR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.66-0.91) and PTB (RR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.32-0.97), but did not have a statistically significant effect on reducing the risk of NICU, PND and LBW. LDA started at ≤20 weeks significantly reduced the risk of SGA (RR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.65-0.89) and PTB (RR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.32-0.97). CONCLUSIONS To sum up, LDA significantly improved neonatal outcomes in pregnant women at high risk of PE without elevating the risk of placental abruption. These findings support LDA's clinical application in pregnant women, although further research is needed to refine dosage and timing recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingchao Yong
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaowen Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangbo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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Hernandez F, Chavez H, Goemans SL, Kirakosyan Y, Luevano CD, Canfield D, Laurent LC, Jacobs M, Woelkers D, Tarsa M, Gyamfi-Bannerman C, Fisch KM. Aspirin resistance in pregnancy is associated with reduced interleukin-2 (IL-2) concentrations in maternal serum: Implications for aspirin prophylaxis for preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2024; 37:101131. [PMID: 38851168 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2024.101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of aspirin resistance on the incidence of preeclampsia and maternal serum biomarker levels in pregnant individuals at high-risk of preeclampsia receiving low dose aspirin (LDA). STUDY DESIGN We performed a secondary analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of LDA (60 mg daily) for preeclampsia prevention in high-risk individuals (N = 524) on pregnancy outcomes and concentrations of PLGF, IL-2, IL-6, thromboxane B2 (TXB2), sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 from maternal serum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES LDA-resistant individuals were defined as those having a TXB2 concentration >10 ng/ml or <75 % reduction in concentration at 24-28 weeks after LDA administration. Comparisons of outcomes were performed using a Fisher's Exact Test. Mean concentrations of maternal serum biomarkers were compared using a Student's t-test. Pearson correlation was calculated for all pairwise biomarkers. Longitudinal analysis across gestation was performed using linear mixed-effects models accounting for repeated measures and including BMI and maternal age as covariates. RESULTS We classified 60/271 (22.1 %) individuals as LDA-resistant, 179/271 (66.1 %) as LDA-sensitive, and 32/271 (11.8 %) as non-adherent. The prevalence of preeclampsia was not significantly different between the LDA and placebo groups (OR = 1.43 (0.99-2.28), p-value = 0.12) nor between LDA-sensitive and LDA-resistant individuals (OR = 1.27 (0.61-2.8), p-value = 0.60). Mean maternal serum IL-2 concentrations were significantly lower in LDA-resistant individuals relative to LDA-sensitive individuals (FDR < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a potential role for IL-2 in the development of preeclampsia modulated by an individuals' response to aspirin, presenting an opportunity to optimize aspirin prophylaxis on an individual level to reduce the incidence of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Hernandez
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hector Chavez
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sophie L Goemans
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yeva Kirakosyan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carolina Diaz Luevano
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dana Canfield
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marni Jacobs
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Doug Woelkers
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maryam Tarsa
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Fisch
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Nisly G, Dillon JL, Darling A, Myers S, Al Shibli N, Gatta LA, West-Honart A, Wheeler S, Grace MR, Dotters-Katz SK. Risk Factors for Adverse Maternal Outcomes among Patients with Severe Preeclampsia Before 34 Weeks. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:e2168-e2173. [PMID: 37225125 DOI: 10.1055/a-2099-3912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to characterize rates of maternal morbidity associated with early (<34 wk) preeclampsia with severe features and to determine factors associated with developing these morbidities. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of patients with early preeclampsia with severe features at a single institution from 2013 to 2019. Inclusion criteria were admission between 23 and 34 weeks and diagnosis of preeclampsia with severe features. Maternal morbidity defined as death, sepsis, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, acute renal insufficiency (acute kidney injury [AKI]), postpartum (PP) dilation and curettage, PP hysterectomy, venous thromboembolism (VTE), PP hemorrhage (PPH), PP wound infection, PP endometritis, pelvic abscess, PP pneumonia, readmission, and/or need for blood transfusion. Death, ICU admission, VTE, AKI, PP hysterectomy, sepsis, and/or transfusion of >2 units were considered severe maternal morbidity (SMM). Simple statistics used to compare characteristics among patients experiencing any morbidity and those not. Poisson regression used to assess relative risks. RESULTS Of 260 patients included, 77 (29.6%) experienced maternal morbidity and 16 (6.2%) experienced severe morbidity. PPH (n = 46, 17.7%) was the most common morbidity, although 15 (5.8%) patients were readmitted, 16 (6.2%) needed a blood transfusion, and 14 (5.4%) had AKI. Patients who experienced maternal morbidity were more likely to be advanced maternal age, have preexisting diabetes, have multiples, and deliver nonvaginally (all ps < 0.05). Diagnosis of preeclampsia < 28 weeks or longer latency from diagnosis to delivery were not associated with increased maternal morbidity. In regression models, the relative risk of maternal morbidity remained significant for twins (adjusted odds ration [aOR]: 2.57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67, 3.96) and preexisting diabetes (aOR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.58), whereas attempted vaginal delivery was protective (aOR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.92). CONCLUSION In this cohort, more than 1 in 4 patients diagnosed with early preeclampsia with severe features experienced maternal morbidity, whereas 1 in 16 patients experienced SMM. Twins and pregestational diabetes were associated with higher risk of morbidity, whereas attempted vaginal delivery was protective. These data may be helpful in promoting risk reduction and counseling patients diagnosed with early preeclampsia with severe features. KEY POINTS · One in four patients diagnosed with preeclampsia w/ severe features experienced maternal morbidity.. · One in 16 patients with preeclampsia w/ severe features experienced severe maternal morbidity.. · Factors most associated with morbidity/severe morbidity were twins and pregestational diabetes.. · Patients who attempted vaginal delivery appeared to have a lower rate of morbidity..
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Nisly
- Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Alice Darling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sabrena Myers
- Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Noor Al Shibli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Luke A Gatta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Annie West-Honart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sarahn Wheeler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew R Grace
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sarah K Dotters-Katz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Baradwan S, Tawfiq A, Hakeem GF, Alkaff A, Hafedh B, Faden Y, Khadawardi K, Abdulghani SH, Althagafi H, Abu-Zaid A. The effects of low-dose aspirin on preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:1775-1786. [PMID: 38372754 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07373-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
AIM To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy of low-dose aspirin (LDA, ≤ 160 mg/day) on preventing preterm birth (PB). METHODS Five databases were screened from inception until June 25, 2023. The RCTs were assessed for quality according to Cochrane's risk of bias tool. The endpoints were summarized as risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Overall, 40 RCTs were analyzed. LDA significantly decreased the risk of PB < 37 weeks (RR: 0.91, 95% CI 0.87, 0.96, p < 0.001, moderate certainty of evidence) with low between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 23.2%, p = 0.11), and PB < 34 weeks (RR: 0.78, 95% CI 0.61, 0.99, p = 0.04, low certainty of evidence) with high between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 58.3%, p = 0.01). There were no significant differences between both groups regarding the risk of spontaneous (RR: 0.94, 95% CI 0.83, 1.07, p = 0.37) and medically indicated (RR: 1.28, 95% CI 0.87, 1.88, p = 0.21) BP < 37 weeks. Sensitivity analysis revealed robustness for all outcomes, except for the risk of PB < 34 weeks. For PB < 37 weeks and PB < 34 weeks, publication bias was detected based on visual inspection of funnel plots for asymmetry and statistical significance for Egger's test (p = 0.009 and p = 0.0012, respectively). CONCLUSION LDA can significantly reduce the risk of PB < 37 and < 34 weeks. Nevertheless, further high-quality RCTs conducted in diverse populations, while accounting for potential confounding factors, are imperative to elucidate the optimal aspirin dosage, timing of initiation, and treatment duration for preventing preterm birth and to arrive at definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Baradwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Tawfiq
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaidaa Farouk Hakeem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alya Alkaff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandr Hafedh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser Faden
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Khadawardi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar H Abdulghani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanin Althagafi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine at Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Ayyash M, Goyert G, Garcia R, Khangura R, Pitts D, Jacobsen G, Shaman M. Efficacy and Safety of Aspirin 162 mg for Preeclampsia Prophylaxis in High-Risk Patients. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:e2410-e2417. [PMID: 37516117 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of aspirin 162 mg to the standard recommended dose of 81 mg for preeclampsia prevention. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective cohort study of patients at risk for preeclampsia who delivered between January 2013 and December 2020 at Henry Ford Health was performed. Patients were divided into three groups: a no aspirin group, a group treated under an 81 mg aspirin preeclampsia prophylaxis protocol, and a group treated under a 162 mg protocol. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses compared rates of preeclampsia and secondary outcomes between groups. Clinical side effects traditionally associated with aspirin use were also assessed. RESULTS Of 3,597 patients, 2,266 (63%) were in the no aspirin group, 944 (26%) were in the 81 mg group, and 387 (11%) were in the 162 mg group. The rate of preeclampsia was significantly lower in the 162 mg group (10.1%, odds ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.99) compared with the 81 mg group (14.2%). The rate of preeclampsia was identical in the no aspirin and 81 mg groups. The rate for postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum hematoma, and intraventricular hemorrhage of the newborn were not significantly different between patients in the 162 and 81 mg groups. CONCLUSION We observed a significantly lower rate of preeclampsia in high-risk patients who were treated with the 162 mg dose of aspirin for preeclampsia prophylaxis, and bleeding complications were not seen with the higher dose. Our study suggests that aspirin 162 mg may be considered for prophylaxis in patients at high risk for preeclampsia. KEY POINTS · Aspirin 81 mg is currently standard for preeclampsia prophylaxis.. · Preeclampsia rate is significantly lower among high-risk patients taking aspirin 162 mg compared with 81 mg.. · Bleeding complications are not increased among those taking aspirin 162 mg..
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ayyash
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Gregory Goyert
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Robyn Garcia
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Raminder Khangura
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - D'Angela Pitts
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Gordon Jacobsen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Majid Shaman
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
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Rosenberg EA, Seely EW. Long-term Cardiovascular Disease After Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e883-e891. [PMID: 37933906 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among women. Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) are cardiovascular risk factors that are unique to women and include gestational diabetes (GDM) and preeclampsia. While these risk factors emerge during the reproductive years and allow for early risk reduction counseling, they are often overlooked and not elicited by providers. This mini-review focuses primarily on GDM and preeclampsia, their relationship with CVD, mechanisms by which these conditions lead to CVD, and management, pharmacological and nonpharmacological, for the clinician who is caring for a woman with a history of an APO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Rosenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ellen W Seely
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Horgan R, Hage Diab Y, Waller J, Abuhamad A, Saade G. Low-dose aspirin therapy for the prevention of preeclampsia: time to reconsider our recommendations? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 229:410-418. [PMID: 37120049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends initiation of 81 mg of aspirin daily for women at risk of preeclampsia between 12 and 28 weeks' gestation, optimally before 16 weeks, with continuation until delivery. The World Health Organization recommends that 75 mg of aspirin should be initiated before 20 weeks of gestation for women at high risk of preeclampsia. Both the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence quality statement on "Antenatal Assessment of Pre-eclampsia Risk" request that healthcare providers prescribe low-dose aspirin to pregnant women at increased risk of preeclampsia daily from 12 weeks of gestation. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists recommends 150 mg of aspirin daily, and the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guidelines suggest risk stratification with a dosage of 75 mg for those at moderate risk of preeclampsia and 150 mg for those at high risk of preeclampsia. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics initiative on preeclampsia recommends 150 mg of aspirin to be initiated at 11 to 14+6 week's gestation and also proposes that 2 tablets of 81 mg is an acceptable alternative. Review of the available evidence suggests that both the dosage and timing of aspirin initiation is key to its effectiveness at reducing the risk of preeclampsia. Doses of >100 mg of aspirin daily initiated before 16 weeks' gestation seem to be most effective at reducing the risk of preeclampsia and thus dosages recommended by most major societies and organizations may not be effective. Randomized control trials examining 81 mg vs 162 mg of aspirin daily for the prevention of preeclampsia are required to assess the safety and efficacy of aspirin dosages available in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Horgan
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA.
| | - Yara Hage Diab
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Jerri Waller
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Alfred Abuhamad
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - George Saade
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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Chen Y, Zhou C, Zhao X, Che R, Wu Y, Wan S, Pei J, Yao L, Hua X. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Trophoblast Cell Proliferation and Migration by Targeting TFPI2 in Preeclampsia. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:7927747. [PMID: 37559681 PMCID: PMC10409582 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7927747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder characterized by systemic organ damage and high blood pressure. It has been reported that microRNA-195 (miR-195) is associated with preeclampsia. In this study, we discovered the target of miR-195 in regulating human extravillous cytotrophoblast-derived transformed cell proliferation and migration. We analyzed the clinicopathological factors of preeclampsia and normal pregnancies. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of miR-195 and tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) were measured in placental tissues derived from normal and preeclampsia patients by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles were verified by western blot. HTR8-S/Vneo cell proliferation was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, and cell migration rate was assessed by the transwell assay. Relative luciferase activities were measured in TFPI2 wild-type (WT) and mutant cells. miR-195 expression was negatively correlated with TFPI2 mRNA levels in preeclampsia patients. Extracellular vesicles derived from hUC-MSCs enhanced HTR8-S/Vneo cell proliferation and migration. In addition, miR-195 isolated from hUC-MSCs enhanced HTR8-S/Vneo cell proliferation and migration by targeting TFPI2. Our findings demonstrate that the upregulation of miR-195 in extracellular vesicles derived from hUC-MSCs promotes HTR8-S/Vneo cell proliferation and migration by targeting TFPI2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Ronghua Che
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Yuelin Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Sheng Wan
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jinda Pei
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Liping Yao
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University school of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Xiaolin Hua
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
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Krishnamoorthy K, Sherman LS, Romagano MP, El Far M, Etchegaray JP, Williams SF, Rameshwar P. Low dose acetyl salicylic acid (LDA) mediates epigenetic changes in preeclampsia placental mesenchymal stem cells similar to cells from healthy pregnancy. Placenta 2023; 137:49-58. [PMID: 37071955 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia (PE) affects 2-8% of all pregnancies, and is the leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. We reported on pathophysiological changes in placenta mesenchymal stem cells (P-MSCs) in PE. P-MSCs can be isolated from different layers of the placenta at the interface between the fetus and mother. The ability of MSCs from other sources to be immune licensed as immune suppressor cells indicated that P-MSCs could mitigate fetal rejection. Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is indicated for treating PE. Indeed, low-dose aspirin is recommended to prevent PE in high risk patients. METHODS We conducted robust computational analyses to study changes in gene expression in P-MSCs from PE and healthy term pregnancies as compared with PE-MSCs treated with low dose acetyl salicylic acid (LDA). Confocal microscopy studied phospho-H2AX levels in P-MSCs. RESULTS We identified changes in >400 genes with LDA, similar to levels of healthy pregnancy. The top canonical pathways that incorporate these genes were linked to DNA repair damage - Basic excision repair (BER), Nucleotide excision repair (NER) and DNA replication. A role for the sumoylation (SUMO) pathway, which could regulate gene expression and protein stabilization was significant although reduced as compared to BER and NER pathways. Labeling for phopho-H2AX indicated no evidence of double strand break in PE P-MSCs. DISCUSSION The overlapping of key genes within each pathway suggested a major role for LDA in the epigenetic landscape of PE P-MSCs. Overall, this study showed a new insight into how LDA reset the P-MSCs in PE subjects around the DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaila Krishnamoorthy
- Dept of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, D - Maternal Fetal Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Lauren S Sherman
- Dept of Medicine - Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Rutgers School of Graduate Studies at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew P Romagano
- Dept of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, D - Maternal Fetal Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Markos El Far
- Dept of Medicine - Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | - Shauna F Williams
- Dept of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, D - Maternal Fetal Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Dept of Medicine - Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
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10
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Preeclampsia: Narrative review for clinical use. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14187. [PMID: 36923871 PMCID: PMC10009735 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Preeclampsia is a very complex multisystem disorder characterized by mild to severe hypertension. Methods PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched from January 1, 2002 to March 31, 2022, with the search terms "pre-eclampsia" and "hypertensive disorders in pregnancy". We also look for guidelines from international societies and clinical specialty colleges and we focused on publications made after 2015. Results The primary issue associated with this physiopathology is a reduction in utero-placental perfusion and ischemia. Preeclampsia has a multifactorial genesis, its focus in prevention consists of the identification of high and moderate-risk clinical factors. The clinical manifestations of preeclampsia vary from asymptomatic to fatal complications for both the fetus and the mother. In severe cases, the mother may present renal, neurological, hepatic, or vascular disease. The main prevention strategy is the use of aspirin at low doses, started from the beginning to the end of the second trimester and maintained until the end of pregnancy. Conclusion Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder; we do not know how to predict it accurately. Acetylsalicylic acid at low doses to prevent a low percentage, especially in patients with far from term preeclampsia. There is evidence that exercising for at least 140 min per week reduces gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Currently, the safest approach is the termination of pregnancy. It is necessary to improve the prediction and prevention of preeclampsia, in addition, better research is needed in the long-term postpartum follow-up.
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11
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Dines V, Suvakov S, Kattah A, Vermunt J, Narang K, Jayachandran M, Abou Hassan C, Norby AM, Garovic VD. Preeclampsia and the Kidney: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4231-4267. [PMID: 36715282 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia and other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are major contributors to maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. This group of disorders includes chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension, and eclampsia. The body undergoes important physiological changes during pregnancy to allow for normal placental and fetal development. Several mechanisms have been proposed that may lead to preeclampsia, including abnormal placentation and placental hypoxia, impaired angiogenesis, excessive pro-inflammatory response, immune system imbalance, abnormalities of cellular senescence, alterations in regulation and activity of angiotensin II, and oxidative stress, ultimately resulting in upregulation of multiple mediators of endothelial cell dysfunction leading to maternal disease. The clinical implications of preeclampsia are significant as there are important short-term and long-term health consequences for those affected. Preeclampsia leads to increased risk of preterm delivery and increased morbidity and mortality of both the developing fetus and mother. Preeclampsia also commonly leads to acute kidney injury, and women who experience preeclampsia or another hypertensive disorder of pregnancy are at increased lifetime risk of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. An understanding of normal pregnancy physiology and the pathophysiology of preeclampsia is essential to develop novel treatment approaches and manage patients with preeclampsia and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4231-4267, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Dines
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sonja Suvakov
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrea Kattah
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jane Vermunt
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kavita Narang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Coline Abou Hassan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alexander M Norby
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vesna D Garovic
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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12
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Brown MT, Bortfeld KS, Sperling LS, Wenger NK. Redefining the Roles of Aspirin across the Spectrum of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:9-22. [PMID: 37132104 PMCID: PMC10636801 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x19666230502163828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Even before its role in platelet inhibition was fully characterized in the 1980s, aspirin had been incorporated into the cardiovascular disease care algorithm. Early trials examining its use in unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction revealed evidence of its protective role in the secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Large trials assessing use in the primary prevention setting and optimal dosing regimens were studied in the late 1990s and early 2000s. As a cornerstone of cardiovascular care, aspirin was incorporated into primary and secondary ASCVD prevention guidelines in the United States and mechanical heart valve guidelines. However, in recent years, with significant advances in medical and interventional ASCVD therapies, scrutiny has been placed on the bleeding profile of aspirin, and guidelines have adapted to new evidence. Updates in primary prevention guidelines reserve aspirin only for patients at higher ASCVD risk and low bleeding risk - though questions remain in ASCVD risk assessment as risk-enhancing factors have proven difficult to incorporate on a population level. New thoughts regarding aspirin use in secondary prevention - especially with the concomitant use of anticoagulants - have altered recommendations as additional data accrued. Finally, a recommendation for aspirin and vitamin K antagonists with mechanical heart valves has been modified. Despite aspirin losing a foothold in cardiovascular care, new evidence has strengthened claims for its use in women at high risk for preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Brown
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Laurence S. Sperling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nanette K. Wenger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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13
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Ren Y, Zhao Y, Yang X, Shen C, Luo H. Application of low dose aspirin in pre-eclampsia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1111371. [PMID: 36968826 PMCID: PMC10030847 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1111371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspirin is widely used in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Low-dose aspirin is also widely used to prevent pre-eclampsia and fetal growth retardation in utero. However, the use of aspirin during pregnancy is controversial. Since 1985, when aspirin was reported to be effective in obstetrics, numerous studies have attempted to determine the effect of low-dose aspirin on the morbidity of pre-eclampsia but have remained inconclusive. Guidelines for aspirin in preventing pre-eclampsia are different in different countries and regions. This article summarizes the research progress, mechanism, and application prospect of aspirin in preventing pre-eclampsia, providing a theoretical basis for the rational use of aspirin in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningbo First Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chaojun Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Luo
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14
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Ghesquiere L, Vachon-Marceau C, Kingdom JC, Ferreira E, Côté S, Guerby P, Maheux-Lacroix S, Bujold E. Short communication: Is there any benefit of initiating aspirin before the 11th week of gestation? Pregnancy Hypertens 2022; 30:189-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Wang Y, Guo X, Obore N, Ding H, Wu C, Yu H. Aspirin for the prevention of preeclampsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:936560. [PMID: 36440041 PMCID: PMC9682183 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.936560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of randomized controlled studies on aspirin for the prevention of preeclampsia (PE) are conflicting, and some of the related meta-analyses also have limitations or flaws. DATA SOURCES A search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, with no time or language restrictions. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomized controlled studies comparing aspirin for the prevention of PE were conducted. METHODS Systematic reviews were performed according to the Cochrane Manual guidelines. A fixed-effects model or a random-effects model was chosen to calculate pooled relative risks with 95% confidence intervals based on the heterogeneity of the included studies. The study aimed to investigate the effect of aspirin on the development of PE in high-risk and general populations of women. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots. All included studies were assessed for bias by the Cochrane Manual of Bias Assessment. Subgroup analyses were conducted on the aspirin dose, time of initial aspirin intervention, and the region in which the research was conducted, to explore the effective dose of aspirin and time of initial aspirin intervention and to try to find sources of heterogeneity and publication bias. RESULTS A total of 39 articles were included, including 29 studies involving pregnant women at high risk for PE (20,133 patients) and 10 studies involving a general population of pregnant women (18,911 patients). Aspirin reduced the incidence of PE by 28% (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.62-0.83) in women at high risk for PE. Aspirin reduced the incidence of PE by 30% in the general population (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.52-0.95), but sensitivity analyses found that aspirin in the general population was not robust. A subgroup analysis showed that an aspirin dose of 75 mg/day (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.32-0.78) had a better protective effect than other doses. Starting aspirin at 12-16 weeks (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.53-0.74) of gestation or 17-28 weeks (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.44-0.89) reduced the incidence of PE by 38% in women at high risk for PE, but the results were more reliable for use at 12-16 weeks. Heterogeneity and publication bias of the included studies may be mainly due to the studies completed in Asia. CONCLUSION Aspirin is recommended to be started at 12-16 weeks of pregnancy in women at high risk for PE. The optimal dose of aspirin to use is 75 mg/d. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [CRD42022319984].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southeast University Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southeast University Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Nathan Obore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southeast University Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjuan Ding
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengqian Wu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southeast University Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
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16
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Louis JM, Parchem J, Vaught A, Tesfalul M, Kendle A, Tsigas E. Preeclampsia: a report and recommendations of the workshop of the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine and the Preeclampsia Foundation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Standardizing Screening for Preeclampsia Risk Factors to Improve Prescribing of Low-Dose Aspirin. J Healthc Qual 2022; 44:324-330. [PMID: 36041069 DOI: 10.1097/jhq.0000000000000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Preeclampsia is a serious health condition and leading cause of perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Research supports the use of low-dose aspirin therapy to prevent preeclampsia in high-risk pregnant people. This quality improvement project outlines the implementation of a preeclampsia risk screen in the electronic health record to ensure standardized screening for, and provision of, low-dose aspirin therapy consistent with professional guidelines. Two thousand three hundred seventy-one patients were seen between March and November 2020 at 13 OB/GYN and family practice offices at a large health system in our state. Provider screening and prescribing rates were evaluated at the first prenatal visit, and at 3-month intervals using an analytics dashboard built in the EHR. In the first 3 months after rollout visits at all offices in our system (March to May 2020), the average screening rate during first prenatal visits at all offices was 74.2% (n = 561), 41% (n = 230) had a positive screen, and 81.3% (n = 187) of those who screened high risk were prescribed aspirin as recommended. At 9 months after rollout, the screening rate during first prenatal visits at all offices improved to 95.6% (n = 782), 39.6% (n = 310) of those screened, screened positive, and 97.1% (n = 301) were prescribed low-dose aspirin therapy appropriately.
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18
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Suksai M, Geater A, Suntharasaj T, Suwanrath C, Charernjiratragul K, Khwankaew N. Low-dose aspirin for prevention of preeclampsia: Implementation of the NICE guideline in Thailand. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2022; 48:2345-2352. [PMID: 35751401 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of a preeclampsia (PE) screening program using the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline in pregnant Thai women. METHODS A total of 2552 pregnancies received antenatal care and were delivered at Songklanagarind Hospital between November 2016 and April 2020. PE screening with the NICE guideline was used to identify mothers at risk. In cases of positive screening results, a daily dose of 81 mg aspirin was prescribed. Pregnancy outcomes were compared with 2783 participants who had maternity care before the implementation of the screening program. The effectiveness of aspirin prophylaxis following the NICE guideline was assessed by a logistic regression model to compare the risk of PE development between before and after guidance. RESULTS The screening positive rate by NICE was 8.3%. Of these, 77.36% of the participants received aspirin prophylaxis according to the NICE recommendation. After the implementation of the PE screening program, the incidence of PE slightly decreased (from 4.31% to 3.72%, p = 0.274). The chance of PE in pregnancies who had high-risk factors was reduced after using low-dose aspirin prophylaxis, even though the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Screening with the NICE guidelines followed by prescription of low-dose aspirin (81 mg/day) was probably not an effective strategy for the prevention of PE in our population. Combining biophysical and biochemical markers to identify pregnant women who subsequently develop PE, concurrently with an increased dose of aspirin prophylaxis, may provide a better outcome in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaphat Suksai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Alan Geater
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Thitima Suntharasaj
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chitkasaem Suwanrath
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kla Charernjiratragul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Noppasin Khwankaew
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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19
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Theilen LH, Greenland P, Varagic J, Catov J, Shanks A, Thorsten V, Parker CB, McNeil R, Mercer B, Hoffman M, Wapner R, Haas D, Simhan H, Grobman W, Chung JH, Levine LD, Barnes S, Bairey Merz N, Saade G, Silver RM. Association between aspirin use during pregnancy and cardiovascular risk factors 2-7 years after delivery: The nuMoM2b Heart Health Study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2022; 28:28-34. [PMID: 35158155 PMCID: PMC9133043 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between aspirin use during first pregnancy and later maternal cardiovascular risk. STUDY DESIGN In this secondary analysis of a prospective cohort, we included participants who carried their first pregnancy to 20 + weeks, had data regarding aspirin use, and attended a study visit 2-7 years following delivery. The exposure was aspirin use during the first pregnancy. We calculated aspirin use propensity scores from logistic regression models including baseline variables associated with aspirin use in pregnancy and cardiovascular risk. Outcomes of interest were incident cardiovascular-related diagnoses 2-7 years following delivery. Robust Poisson regression calculated the risk of outcomes by aspirin exposure, adjusting for the aspirin use propensity score. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was a composite of incident cardiovascular diagnoses at the time of the study visit: cardiovascular events, chronic hypertension, metabolic syndrome, prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease. RESULTS Of 4,480 women included, 84 (1.9%) reported taking aspirin during their first pregnancy. 52.6% of participants in the aspirin-exposed group and 43.0% in the unexposed group had the primary outcome. After adjusting for the aspirin use propensity scores, aspirin use during the first pregnancy was not associated with any of the outcomes. CONCLUSION We did not detect an association between aspirin use during the first pregnancy and cardiovascular-related diagnoses 2-7 years later. Our study was only powered to detect a large difference in relative risk, so we cannot rule out a smaller difference that may be clinically meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren H Theilen
- University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 N 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States.
| | - Philip Greenland
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N Lakeshore Dr, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
| | - Jasmina Varagic
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Janet Catov
- University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Anthony Shanks
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 720 Eskenazi Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
| | | | | | | | - Brian Mercer
- MetroHealth, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, G267, Cleveland, OH 44109, United States.
| | - Matthew Hoffman
- Christiana Care, 4755 Ogletown Stanton Road, Newark, DE 19718, United States.
| | - Ronald Wapner
- Columbia University, 622 West 168(th) Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - David Haas
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 720 Eskenazi Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
| | - Hyagriv Simhan
- University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - William Grobman
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N Lakeshore Dr, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
| | - Judith H Chung
- University of California, Irvine, 333 City Tower West, Suite 1400, Orange, CA 92868, United States.
| | - Lisa D Levine
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, 2 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Shannon Barnes
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 720 Eskenazi Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
| | - Noel Bairey Merz
- Cedars Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, 127 S San Vicente Blvd #A3600, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States.
| | - George Saade
- University of Texas Medical Branch, 1005 Harborside Drive, Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
| | - Robert M Silver
- University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 N 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States.
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20
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The role of aspirin dose and initiation time in the prevention of preeclampsia and corresponding complications: a meta-analysis of RCTs. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2022; 305:1465-1479. [PMID: 34999942 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role of different dosages and initial times of aspirin in preeclampsia prevention. METHODS This meta-analysis was performed based on randomized-control trials (RCTs). RCTs of women assigned to receive low-dose aspirin, placebo, or no treatment were included. Preeclampsia and corresponding complications were pooled for analysis. All studies were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science. RESULTS A total of 46 studies were obtained in this meta-analysis, which consisted of 24,028 participants. When women at ≤ 16 gestational weeks started treatment with a dosage of < 100 mg/day aspirin, there was a significant reduction in the incidence of preeclampsia (RR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.58-0.98; P = 0.03), while in the subgroup receiving ≥ 100 mg/day aspirin, the result was RR = 0.71 (95% CI 0.53-0.95; P = 0.02). When aspirin was initiated at > 16 weeks, with a dosage of < 100 mg/day aspirin, there was a lesser preventive effect (RR = 0.80; 95% Cl 0.64-1.00; P = 0.05), and there was no significance in the subgroup receiving ≥ 100 mg/day aspirin (RR = 0.76; 95% Cl 0.45-1.31; P = 0.32). Furthermore, aspirin was revealed to have a protective effect on reducing preterm delivery, but there was an increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage. No significant result was obtained for fetal loss. CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis suggest that high-risk pregnant women can prevent preeclampsia or preterm delivery by taking low-dose aspirin; the most efficient period is ≤ 16 weeks of gestation, and the best dose is ≥ 100 mg.
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21
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Gee SE, Ma'ayeh M, Kniss D, Landon MB, Gabbe SG, Rood KM. Glycemic Control and Aspirin Resistance in Patients Taking Low-Dose Aspirin for Pre-eclampsia Prevention. Am J Perinatol 2022; 39:349-353. [PMID: 34856618 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between aspirin and glycemic control in diabetic, pregnant patients, and the risk for aspirin resistance in those with poor glycemic control across gestation taking low-dose aspirin (LDA) for pre-eclampsia (PEC) prevention. STUDY DESIGN We performed a secondary analysis of samples collected during the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units trial of LDA for PEC prevention. A subset of insulin-controlled diabetic patient samples on placebo or 60 mg aspirin daily were evaluated. Glycosylated hemoglobin was measured at randomization, mid-second trimester, and third trimester time points. Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) measurements were previously assessed as part of the original study. Primary outcome was the effect of LDA on glycosylated hemoglobin levels compared with placebo across gestation. RESULTS Levels of glycosylated hemoglobin increased across gestation in the placebo group (2,067.7 [interquartile range, IQR: 1,624.6-2,713.5 µg/mL] vs. 2,461.9 [1,767.0-3,209.9 µg/mL] vs. 3,244.3 [2,691.5-4,187.0 µg/mL]; p < 0.01) compared with no difference in levels of glycosylated hemoglobin across gestation in the LDA group (2,186.4 [IQR: 1,462.3-3,097.7 µg/mL] vs. 2,337.1 [1,327.7-5,932.6 µg/mL] vs. 2,532.9 [1,804.9-5,511.8 µg/mL]; p = 0.78). Higher levels of glycosylated hemoglobin were associated with increased TXB2 levels prior to randomization (r = 0.67, p < 0.05). Incomplete TXB2 was higher in pregnancies with increasing levels of glycosylated hemoglobin compared with those with decreasing levels of glycosylated hemoglobin across gestation (69.2 vs. 18.1%, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION LDA exposure may be beneficial to glycemic control in this patient population. Additionally, poor glycemic control is associated with a higher level of TXB2 in diabetic pregnant patients on LDA. Higher doses of aspirin may be required in these patients to prevent development of PEC. KEY POINTS · Low-dose aspirin may improve glycemic control.. · Poor glycemic control increases risk for aspirin resistance.. · Higher doses of aspirin may be required for pre-eclampsia prevention..
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Gee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Marwan Ma'ayeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Douglas Kniss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mark B Landon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Steven G Gabbe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kara M Rood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
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22
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Guo J, Bian W, Jiang H. Puerarin attenuates preeclampsia-induced trophoblast mobility loss and inflammation by modulating miR-181b-5p/RBAK axis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 87:e13510. [PMID: 34747081 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy complication characterized by inflammation and impaired trophoblast motility. Puerarin (Pue) is a functional compound with anti-PE potential. The current study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of Pue on PE as well as the associated mechanism by focusing on the interaction between Pue and microRNAs (miRs). METHODS OF STUDY Human villous trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells were treated with TNF-α and Pue, and a change in miR expression profile was determined. The anti-PE effects of Pue were validated in rat models by measuring blood pressure, 24-h proteinuria, and cytokine levels. The mechanism was explored by focusing on miR-181b-5p/RBAK axis. RESULTS The induction of PE increased blood pressure and 24-h proteinuria, and induced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels, which was reversed by Pue. In in vitro assays, TNF-α suppressed viability, induced apoptosis and inflammatory response, and inhibited migration in trophoblasts, which was attenuated by Pue. At molecular level, the expression level of miR-181b-5p was both induced in vivo and in vitro with the development of PE symptoms, contributing to the inhibited expression of RBAK. The induced expression of miR-181b-5p under Pue treatment showed that the reinduction of miR-181b-5p counteracted the effects of Pue, indicating the key role of the miR in the protective effects of Pue against PE. CONCLUSIONS The current study verified the anti-PE function of Pue: the compound suppressed inflammatory response associated with PE, and improved trophoblast motility. The effects depended on the inhibition of miR-181b-5p that inhibited the expression of RBAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjuan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Weiqiao Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Huadong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Lianyungang Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, China
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Mone F, Gupta JK, Phelan MM, Meher S, Lian LY, Francis B, Zhang E, Mulcahy C, Alfirevic A, Mcauliffe FM, Navaratnam K. Platelet response to aspirin in UK and Irish pregnancy cohorts: a genome-wide approach. Platelets 2021; 33:911-917. [PMID: 34904537 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.2007872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A multi-center prospective cross-sectional and genome-wide association study (GWAS) recruited pregnant women taking low dose aspirin. Objectives were to (i) develop pregnancy-specific 95% reference intervals for a range of laboratory based platelet function tests (PFTs); (ii) select an optimal and acceptable PFT that reflected aspirin's COX-1 inhibition in women with confirmed aspirin adherence in pregnancy; and (iii) identify genomic variants that may influence pregnant women's platelet response to aspirin.The study included two independent cohorts of pregnant women. A range of PFTs and matched phenotyping with urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (11DTXB2) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy detection of urinary salicyluric acid as a measure of aspirin adherence were performed. Genome-wide data was acquired from the UK Biobank Axiom® (Thermo Fisher Scientific). 11DTXB2 in combination with adherence testing with NMR salicyluric acid was an accurate and acceptable testing strategy for detecting biochemical aspirin responsiveness in pregnant women, with the provision of relevant reference ranges. GWAS meta-analysis found no significant single nucleotide polymorphisms in association with response to aspirin in pregnancy. Further evaluation in relation to effective dosing of aspirin in pregnancy and optimizing the benefits to specific subgroups should now be a priority for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionnuala Mone
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Juhi K Gupta
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marie M Phelan
- NMR Centre for Structural Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology & Technology Directorate, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Shireen Meher
- Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Women's Health Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lu Yung Lian
- NMR Centre for Structural Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology & Technology Directorate, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Ben Francis
- Department of Pharmacology& Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eunice Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology& Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Cecilia Mulcahy
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ana Alfirevic
- Department of Pharmacology& Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Fionnuala M Mcauliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kate Navaratnam
- Centre for Women's Health Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Henderson JT, Vesco KK, Senger CA, Thomas RG, Redmond N. Aspirin Use to Prevent Preeclampsia and Related Morbidity and Mortality: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 2021; 326:1192-1206. [PMID: 34581730 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.8551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that poses serious maternal and infant health risks. Previous systematic reviews have established benefits of low-dose aspirin taken during pregnancy to prevent preeclampsia and its sequelae. OBJECTIVE To update evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) on effectiveness of aspirin use in preventing preeclampsia in individuals at increased risk based on clinical risk factors or measurements associated with higher disease incidence than in the general population. DATA SOURCES Studies from previous USPSTF review (2014), literature published January 2013 through May 15, 2020, in MEDLINE, PubMed (for publisher-supplied records only), EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Ongoing surveillance through January 22, 2021. STUDY SELECTION Good- and fair-quality randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of low-dose aspirin use during pregnancy to prevent preeclampsia among individuals at increased risk; studies conducted in general populations to evaluate potential harms. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Dual article screening and risk-of-bias assessment. Study data abstracted into prespecified forms, checked for accuracy. Random-effects meta-analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Diagnosis of preeclampsia; adverse pregnancy health outcomes and complications including eclampsia, perinatal mortality, preterm birth, small for gestational age, and potential bleeding harms or infant/child harms from aspirin exposure. RESULTS A total of 23 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) (N = 26 952) were included; 18 were conducted among participants at increased preeclampsia risk. Aspirin dosages ranged from 50 mg/d to 150 mg/d. Most trials enrolled majority White populations selected based on a range of risk factors. The incidence of preeclampsia among the trials of participants at increased risk ranged from 4% to 30%. Aspirin use was significantly associated with lower risk of preeclampsia (pooled relative risk [RR], 0.85 [95% CI, 0.75-0.95]; 16 RCTs [n = 14 093]; I2 = 0%), perinatal mortality (pooled RR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.66-0.96]; 11 RCTs [n = 13 860]; I2 = 0%), preterm birth (pooled RR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.67-0.95]; 13 RCTs [n = 13 619]; I2 = 49%), and intrauterine growth restriction (pooled RR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.68-0.99]; 16 RCTs [n = 14 385]; I2 = 41%). There were no significant associations of aspirin use with risk of postpartum hemorrhage (pooled RR, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.94-1.12]; 9 RCTs [n = 23 133]; I2 = 0%) and other bleeding-related harms, or with rare perinatal or longer-term harms. Absolute risk reductions for preeclampsia associated with aspirin use ranged from -1% to -6% across larger trials (n >300) and were greater in smaller trials. For perinatal mortality, absolute risk reductions ranged from 0.5% to 1.1% in the 3 largest trials. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Daily low-dose aspirin during pregnancy was associated with lower risks of serious perinatal outcomes for individuals at increased risk for preeclampsia, without evident harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian T Henderson
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kimberly K Vesco
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Caitlyn A Senger
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Rachel G Thomas
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nadia Redmond
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Preeclampsia is a common complication of pregnancy and contributes significantly to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. A protective hypercoagulable state is often developed during late pregnancy and can evolve into a prothrombotic state in patients with preeclampsia. The underlying mechanism of this prothrombotic transition remains poorly understood. We discuss recent progress in understanding the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and associated prothrombotic state. RECENT FINDINGS The hypercoagulable state developed during pregnancy is initiated by placental factors and progresses into the prothrombotic state in preeclampsia when the placenta is subjected ischemic and oxidative injuries. The cause of the preeclampsia-induced prothrombotic state is multifactorial, involving not only placental factors but also maternal conditions, which include genetic predisposition, preexisting medical conditions, and conditions acquired during pregnancy. Endotheliopathy is the primary pathology of preeclampsia and contributes to the prothrombotic state by inducing the dysregulation of coagulation, platelets, and adhesive ligands. SUMMARY Patients with preeclampsia often develop a severe prothrombotic state that predisposes them to life-threatening thrombosis and thromboembolism during and after pregnancy. Early recognition and treatment of this prothrombotic state can improve maternal and infant outcomes of preeclampsia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-fei Dong
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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26
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Choi YJ, Shin S. Aspirin Prophylaxis During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Prev Med 2021; 61:e31-e45. [PMID: 33795180 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Low-dose aspirin is used for pre-eclampsia prophylaxis during pregnancy, but a study that comprehensively investigates both maternal and perinatal outcomes from aspirin administration utilizing stratification methods is lacking. The aim of this study is to comprehensively investigate the maternal and neonatal outcomes related to aspirin prophylaxis during pregnancy in relation to dose and therapy initiation by utilizing a stratification method. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Placebo-controlled randomized trials investigating the effect of low-dose aspirin on maternal or perinatal outcomes with sufficient raw data and published in English from inception to August 2020 were searched for from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Review articles, editorials, case reports, conference abstracts, and nonplacebo-controlled studies were excluded. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A total of 35 placebo-controlled randomized trials with 46,568 pregnant women were included in this meta-analysis. Aspirin prophylaxis substantially lowered the risk of pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, perinatal mortality, and intrauterine growth retardation without elevated bleeding risks. Low-dose aspirin considerably enhanced neonatal birth weight but did not decrease the risk of gestational hypertension. The subgroup analysis revealed substantially reduced pre-eclampsia risk and enhanced birth weight and gestational age at delivery in women who initiated aspirin before 20 weeks of gestation (RR=0.76, 95% CI=0.64, 0.90, p=0.001). However, the effect of aspirin dose on pregnancy outcomes was insignificant and requires further evaluation. CONCLUSIONS Initiation of low-dose aspirin administration before 20 weeks of gestation considerably decreases the incidence of pre-eclampsia and related neonatal outcomes without increasing bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Jin Choi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyoung Shin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Shanmugalingam R, Wang X, Motum P, Fulcher I, Lee G, Kumar R, Hennessy A, Makris A. The 15-Epilipoxin-A4 Pathway with Prophylactic Aspirin in Preventing Preeclampsia: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5905864. [PMID: 32930782 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The benefit of aspirin in preventing preeclampsia is increasingly recognized; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Nonobstetric studies have described an anti-inflammatory effect of aspirin through the 15-epilipoxin-A4 pathway (aspirin-triggered lipoxin [ATL]). However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of aspirin in the prevention of preeclampsia remains unknown. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS To examine (1) the difference in longitudinal endogenous lipoxin-A4 (En-Lipoxin-A4) concentration in low-risk (LR) and high-risk (HR) pregnancies, and (2) the effect of aspirin on endogenous ATL concentration and the associated effect on cytokine profile of HR women. METHODS Plasma from 220 HR women was collected at 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, and 36 weeks of gestation. Adherence to aspirin was biochemically verified. Plasma En-Lipoxin-A4 and ATL concentrations were analyzed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and cytokines, interleukin (IL)-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, IL-8, and IL-1β, with the high-sensitivity multibead Luminex® assay. RESULTS HR women have up to 70% lower plasma concentration of En-Lipoxin-A4 (P < 0.001) than LR women. HR women with adequate aspirin adherence (HR-AA) (n = 82) had higher plasma concentration of ATL (P < .001), lower concentration of IL-8 from 16 to 36 weeks of gestation (P < .001), and increased IL-10 concentration from 16 to 28 weeks of gestation (P = .03) compared with high-risk women who were not on aspirin (HR-NA). HR-AA who did not develop preeclampsia had higher plasma En-lipoxin-A4 (P < .001), ATL (P = .02), and IL-10 concentrations (P < .001) with lower IL-8 concentration (P = .004) than HR women who developed preeclampsia. DISCUSSION Plasma concentration of En-Lipoxin-A4 is lower in HR women than in LR controls. Adequate adherence with aspirin results in an increase in ATL and IL-10 with reduced IL-8 plasma concentration. This study suggests a potential anti-inflammatory role of aspirin through the ATL pathway with prophylactic aspirin in HR pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Shanmugalingam
- Department of Renal Medicine, South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
- Women's Health Initiative Translational Unit (WHITU), Ingham Institute For Applied Medical Research and South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia
- Vascular Immunology Research Group, Heart Research Institute (HRI), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - XiaoSuo Wang
- Bosch Mass Spectrometry Faculty, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Freedman Foundation Metabolomics Facility, Innovation Centre, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, NSW, Australia
| | - Penelope Motum
- Women's Health Initiative Translational Unit (WHITU), Ingham Institute For Applied Medical Research and South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia
- Department of Haematology, South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian Fulcher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - Gaksoo Lee
- Women's Health Initiative Translational Unit (WHITU), Ingham Institute For Applied Medical Research and South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - Roshika Kumar
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), NSW, Australia
| | - Annemarie Hennessy
- Department of Renal Medicine, South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
- Women's Health Initiative Translational Unit (WHITU), Ingham Institute For Applied Medical Research and South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia
- Vascular Immunology Research Group, Heart Research Institute (HRI), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela Makris
- Department of Renal Medicine, South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
- Women's Health Initiative Translational Unit (WHITU), Ingham Institute For Applied Medical Research and South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia
- Vascular Immunology Research Group, Heart Research Institute (HRI), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), NSW, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A diagnosis of type I or type 2 diabetes confers heightened risk for virtually every obstetric and perinatal complication, with the incidence of superimposed preeclampsia representing a particularly high-risk scenario. Over the past three decades, studies have investigated the role of aspirin in preeclampsia prevention, yielding some promising results for certain at-risk groups, yet unconvincing evidence of benefit among women with pre-pregnancy diabetes. The purpose of this review is to present the current evidence base for aspirin use in pregnancy as a means of mitigating preeclampsia risk in the setting of pregestational type I or type 2 diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Meta-analysis data examining low-dose aspirin for preeclampsia prevention in at-risk and low-risk women has demonstrated modest benefit, but subanalyses of cohorts with diabetes have failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect. Evidence is emerging that indicates a benefit only among women who initiate aspirin therapy prior to 16 weeks' gestation, and uncertainty exists surrounding the effective dose. In light of equipoise surrounding the potential role of aspirin for prevention of preeclampsia in women with diabetes, current research is targeted at determining clinical efficacy of aspirin in this high-risk obstetric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Finnegan
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Rotunda Hospital, Parnell Square, Dublin 1, Ireland.
| | - Fionnuala M Breathnach
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Rotunda Hospital, Parnell Square, Dublin 1, Ireland
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Narang K, Szymanski LM. Multiple Gestations and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: What Do We Know? Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 23:1. [PMID: 33210199 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The occurrence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) including gestational hypertension, chronic hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia is proportional to the number of fetuses: singletons 6.5%, twins 12.7%, and triplets 20.0%. Literature on HDP in multifetal gestation is sparse compared with singletons. We aim to summarize the current evidence on HDP, specifically in twins. RECENT FINDINGS HDP occurs more frequently, at an earlier gestational age, and can present more severely and atypically in twin pregnancies. HDP in twins carries a higher risk of maternal/fetal morbidity and mortality including renal failure, stroke, cardiac arrest, pulmonary edema, placental abruption, cesarean delivery, fetal growth restriction, and iatrogenic preterm delivery. Low-dose aspirin (60-150 mg) should be initiated in all multifetal pregnancies to reduce the risk of preeclampsia. To improve outcomes and reduce inherent risks associated with multiple gestations, twins should be managed as high-risk pregnancies, and different from singletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Narang
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Linda M Szymanski
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Minhas AS, Ying W, Ogunwole SM, Miller M, Zakaria S, Vaught AJ, Hays AG, Creanga AA, Cedars A, Michos ED, Blumenthal RS, Sharma G. The Association of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Cardiovascular Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2020; 22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11936-020-00862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Florêncio FKZ, Tenório MDO, Macedo ARA, de Lima SG. Aspirin with or without statin in the treatment of endotheliitis, thrombosis, and ischemia in coronavirus disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20200472. [PMID: 32965455 PMCID: PMC7508194 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0472-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the genesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), there is a process of endotheliitis associated with thrombotic changes, no studies have reported the use of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) as a possible therapeutic approach. Statins could potentiate the ASA therapy. METHODS This is a series of 14 cases with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. All patients underwent the ASA therapy. Those who had risk factors for vascular disease also underwent the high-potency statin therapy. When symptoms were totally or practically resolved, patients were discharged and advised to continue medications for a complementary time, according to the clinical evolution of each patient. RESULTS The mean age of monitored patients was 48.6 years. A total of 78.6% patients presented with at least one comorbidity, which could have contributed as a risk factor for a poor prognosis in the evolution of COVID-19. Four patients had secondary bacterial infections; three patients needed hospitalization. None of the cases progress to stage III, and all patients had remission of symptoms, with 100% survival. CONCLUSIONS the process of endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19 involves disseminated thrombosis, initially microvascular and later expansion into larger vessels. ASA could act as a secondary prophylaxis and prevent thrombosis from developing and reaching stage III of the disease. As this was a case series, we cannot provide definitive conclusions; however, this study allows us to formulate hypotheses and support clinical trials to evaluate benefits of the ASA therapy in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Kleyton Zacarias Florêncio
- Hospital Metropolitano Sul Dom Hélder Câmara, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, PE, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Hospital das Clínicas, Serviço de Cardiologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | - Aluísio Roberto Andrade Macedo
- Hospital Metropolitano Sul Dom Hélder Câmara, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, PE, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Hospital das Clínicas, Serviço de Cardiologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Sandro Gonçalves de Lima
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Médicas, Recife, PE, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Hospital das Clínicas, Serviço de Cardiologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Ghazanfarpour M, Sathyapalan T, Banach M, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Prophylactic aspirin for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications: An overview of meta-analyses. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1487-1501. [PMID: 32479906 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Benefits of aspirin administration on pre-eclampsia and IUGR depend on the gestational age and dose of aspirin administration. Meta-analyses show that, to prevent preterm labor, aspirin could be administrated even after 16 weeks of gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran; Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran; Department of Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Gu W, Lin J, Hou YY, Lin N, Song MF, Zeng WJ, Shang J, Huang HF. Effects of low-dose aspirin on the prevention of preeclampsia and pregnancy outcomes: A randomized controlled trial from Shanghai, China. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 248:156-163. [PMID: 32217429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the preventive effects of low-dose aspirin on the incidence of preeclampsia and pregnancy outcomes of women at high-risk for preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Obstetrics Department of The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China. It analyzed data from 1105 high-risk women who were divided into the control group (placebo group) and the aspirin group (including three subgroups: 25 mg, 50 mg and 75 mg). The aspirin group in this study was instructed to take aspirin daily before bedtime beginning in the 12th week of pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome is the occurrence of preeclampsia. The secondary outcomes included maternal and neonatal outcomes (such as premature delivery, FGR etc.), maternal serum biomarkers (including d-dimers, platelet aggregation rates, etc.) and uterine arterial blood flow resistance. The onset of preeclampsia and pregnancy outcomes were recorded after all participants delivered. RESULTS Low-dose aspirin significantly reduced the incidence of preeclampsia and early-onset preeclampsia. Aspirin also showed significant dose dependence in preeclampsia prevention. The results of Mantel-Haenszel trend test showed that there was a linear relationship between the dosage and the incidence of preeclampsia and early preeclampsia (P < 0.05). Pearson's results showed that the incidence of preeclampsia and early preeclampsia was negatively correlated with aspirin dosage. There was also a linear relationship between the dosage and the rates of postpartum hemorrhage, fetal growth restriction, premature births and cesarean section (P < 0.05). There was no evidence to suggest differences in the incidence of fetal distress, miscarriage and placental abruption among the four groups. The blood resistance S/D value of uterine artery in early pregnancy was the only independent factor affecting the efficacy of aspirin (OR = 1.405; 95 %CI,1.058-1.867; P = 0.019). CONCLUSION Low-dose aspirin can prevent preeclampsia and early-preeclampsia. Its efficacy is dose-dependent. It can reduce the rates of postpartum hemorrhage, fetal growth restriction, premature births and cesarean section. The prophylactic effect of aspirin on preeclampsia seemed to be greater in patients with higher blood resistance S/D value of uterine artery during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lin
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Yan Hou
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Lin
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Fan Song
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Jian Zeng
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Shang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - He-Feng Huang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.
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Turner JM, Robertson NT, Hartel G, Kumar S. Impact of low-dose aspirin on adverse perinatal outcome: meta-analysis and meta-regression. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2020; 55:157-169. [PMID: 31479546 DOI: 10.1002/uog.20859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the impact of low-dose aspirin (LDA) on perinatal outcome, independent of its effect on pre-eclampsia (PE), preterm birth and low birth weight. METHODS An electronic search of EMBASE, PubMed, CENTRAL, PROSPERO and Google Scholar databases was performed to identify RCTs assessing the impact of LDA in pregnancy, published in English prior to May 2019, which reported perinatal outcomes of interest (placental abruption, delivery mode, low 5-min Apgar score, neonatal acidosis, neonatal intensive care unit admission, periventricular hemorrhage and perinatal death). Risk ratios (RR) and 95% CI were calculated and pooled for analysis. Analysis was stratified according to gestational age at commencement of treatment (≤ 16 weeks vs > 16 weeks) and subgroup analysis was performed to assess the impact of aspirin dose (< 100 mg vs ≥ 100 mg). Meta-regression was used to assess the impact of LDA on perinatal outcome, independent of the reduction in PE, preterm birth and low birth weight. RESULTS Forty studies involving 34 807 participants were included. When LDA was commenced ≤ 16 weeks' gestation, it was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of perinatal death (RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.25-0.88; P = 0.02; number needed to treat, 92); however, this risk reduction was only seen when a daily dose of ≥ 100 mg was administered. If commenced > 16 weeks' gestation, LDA was associated with a significant reduction in 5-min Apgar score < 7 (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58-0.96; P = 0.02) and periventricular hemorrhage (RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.47-0.99; P = 0.04), but a trend towards an increase in the risk of placental abruption (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.00-1.46; P = 0.06) was also noted. LDA was not associated with any significant increase in adverse events if commenced ≤ 16 weeks gestation. LDA had no effect on delivery mode, irrespective of the gestational age at which it was started. Meta-regression confirmed that the effect of LDA on perinatal death, when treatment was started ≤ 16 weeks' gestation, was independent of any reduction in the rate of PE and preterm birth. CONCLUSION LDA improves some important perinatal outcomes, without increasing adverse events such as placental abruption or periventricular hemorrhage, and its utility, if commenced prior to 16 weeks' gestation, may be considered in a wider context beyond the prevention of PE or fetal growth restriction. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Turner
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - N T Robertson
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Hartel
- Division of Biostatistics, QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Kumar
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
Liver disease in pregnancy may present as a disorder that is unique to pregnancy or as an acute or chronic liver disease occurring coincidentally in pregnancy. Hepatic diseases that are unique to pregnancy include hyperemesis gravidarum; preeclampsia/eclampsia; the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets; intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy; and acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Acute and chronic forms of primary hepatic disorders that are seen in pregnancy include viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cirrhosis. Because of the need to consider both maternal and fetal health, there are special considerations for the implementation of diagnostic strategies and pharmacologic therapies for liver disease that occurs in pregnancy. An understanding of the pathogenesis and expression of liver diseases in pregnancy has been evolving, and various diagnostic and prognostic tools have been studied in order to determine noninvasive approaches to identifying and staging of such diseases. Investigations have also been underway to evaluate the safety and utility of existing and new therapeutic agents that previously were thought to not be compatible with pregnancy. This review will explore updates in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of various liver diseases seen in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla W Brady
- Division of Gastroenterology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC
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Murali S, Miller K, McDermott M. Preeclampsia, eclampsia, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 172:63-77. [PMID: 32768095 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64240-0.00004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a disorder of pregnancy associated with gestational hypertension and end-organ dysfunction. Patients with eclampsia, by definition, have seizures as part of the clinical syndrome. However, patients with preeclampsia can also have other neurologic symptoms and deficits. Both disorders can be associated with radiographic abnormalities similar to that of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, suggesting a common pathophysiology or unified clinical spectrum of disorders. This chapter reviews the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and prognosis of patients with neurologic complications associated with preeclampsia and eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Murali
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Stroke Program, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kristin Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Stroke Program, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mollie McDermott
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Stroke Program, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Eudy AM, Voora D, Myers RA, Clowse MEB. Effect of aspirin response signature gene expression on preterm birth and preeclampsia among women with lupus: a pilot study. Lupus 2019; 28:1640-1647. [PMID: 31684818 PMCID: PMC7001736 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319886069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with lupus have an increased risk of preeclampsia and preterm birth, and aspirin 81 mg/day is recommended as a preventative measure for preeclampsia. This pilot study quantified the association between a 60-gene aspirin response signature (ARS) gene expression with preterm birth and preeclampsia risk among women with lupus taking aspirin. METHODS The analysis included 48 RNA samples from 23 pregnancies in the Duke Autoimmunity Pregnancy Registry. RNA was isolated from peripheral blood, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed for ARS genes. The primary outcome was poor pregnancy outcome (preeclampsia or preterm birth). Gene expression was modeled as a response to presence or absence of a poor pregnancy outcome using linear regression models, stratified by trimester. RESULTS Of the 23 pregnancies, nine delivered preterm and four had preeclampsia. Expression of PBX1 and MMD was higher in the second trimester among patients who experienced a poor pregnancy outcome compared to those who did not. However, in a global test of all ARS genes, we identified no association between expression of ARS genes and poor pregnancy outcomes. CONCLUSION Our pilot study identified two candidate genes that are reflective of the platelet function response to aspirin. Further work is needed to determine the role of these genes in identifying women with lupus at high risk for preeclampsia and preterm delivery despite aspirin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Eudy
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Deepak Voora
- Duke Center for Applied Genomics & Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rachel A. Myers
- Duke Center for Applied Genomics & Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Megan E. B. Clowse
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Duley L, Meher S, Hunter KE, Seidler AL, Askie LM. Antiplatelet agents for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 2019:CD004659. [PMID: 31684684 PMCID: PMC6820858 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004659.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-eclampsia is associated with deficient intravascular production of prostacyclin, a vasodilator, and excessive production of thromboxane, a vasoconstrictor and stimulant of platelet aggregation. These observations led to the hypotheses that antiplatelet agents, low-dose aspirin in particular, might prevent or delay development of pre-eclampsia. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of antiplatelet agents, such as aspirin and dipyridamole, when given to women at risk of developing pre-eclampsia. SEARCH METHODS For this update, we searched Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth's Trials Register, ClinicalTrials.gov, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (30 March 2018), and reference lists of retrieved studies. We updated the search in September 2019 and added the results to the awaiting classification section of the review. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised trials comparing antiplatelet agents with either placebo or no antiplatelet agent were included. Studies only published in abstract format were eligible for inclusion if sufficient information was available. We would have included cluster-randomised trials in the analyses along with individually-randomised trials, if any had been identified in our search strategy. Quasi-random studies were excluded. Participants were pregnant women at risk of developing pre-eclampsia. Interventions were administration of an antiplatelet agent (such as low-dose aspirin or dipyridamole), comparisons were either placebo or no antiplatelet. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors assessed trials for inclusion and extracted data independently. For binary outcomes, we calculated risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI), on an intention-to-treat basis. For this update we incorporated individual participant data (IPD) from trials with this available, alongside aggregate data (AD) from trials where it was not, in order to enable reliable subgroup analyses and inclusion of two key new outcomes. We assessed risk of bias for included studies and created a 'Summary of findings' table using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS Seventy-seven trials (40,249 women, and their babies) were included, although three trials (relating to 233 women) did not contribute data to the meta-analysis. Nine of the trials contributing data were large (> 1000 women recruited), accounting for 80% of women recruited. Although the trials took place in a wide range of countries, all of the nine large trials involved only women in high-income and/or upper middle-income countries. IPD were available for 36 trials (34,514 women), including all but one of the large trials. Low-dose aspirin alone was the intervention in all the large trials, and most trials overall. Dose in the large trials was 50 mg (1 trial, 1106 women), 60 mg (5 trials, 22,322 women), 75mg (1 trial, 3697 women) 100 mg (1 trial, 3294 women) and 150 mg (1 trial, 1776 women). Most studies were either low risk of bias or unclear risk of bias; and the large trials were all low risk of bas. Antiplatelet agents versus placebo/no treatment The use of antiplatelet agents reduced the risk of proteinuric pre-eclampsia by 18% (36,716 women, 60 trials, RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.88; high-quality evidence), number needed to treat for one women to benefit (NNTB) 61 (95% CI 45 to 92). There was a small (9%) reduction in the RR for preterm birth <37 weeks (35,212 women, 47 trials; RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.95, high-quality evidence), NNTB 61 (95% CI 42 to 114), and a 14% reduction infetal deaths, neonatal deaths or death before hospital discharge (35,391 babies, 52 trials; RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.95; high-quality evidence), NNTB 197 (95% CI 115 to 681). Antiplatelet agents slightly reduced the risk of small-for-gestational age babies (35,761 babies, 50 trials; RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.92; high-quality evidence), NNTB 146 (95% CI 90 to 386), and pregnancies with serious adverse outcome (a composite outcome including maternal death, baby death, pre-eclampsia, small-for-gestational age, and preterm birth) (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.96; 17,382 women; 13 trials, high-quality evidence), NNTB 54 (95% CI 34 to 132). Antiplatelet agents probably slightly increase postpartum haemorrhage > 500 mL (23,769 women, 19 trials; RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.12; moderate-quality evidence due to clinical heterogeneity), and they probably marginally increase the risk of placental abruption, although for this outcome the evidence was downgraded due to a wide confidence interval including the possibility of no effect (30,775 women; 29 trials; RR 1.21, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.54; moderate-quality evidence). Data from two large trials which assessed children at aged 18 months (including results from over 5000 children), did not identify clear differences in development between the two groups. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Administering low-dose aspirin to pregnant women led to small-to-moderate benefits, including reductions in pre-eclampsia (16 fewer per 1000 women treated), preterm birth (16 fewer per 1000 treated), the baby being born small-for-gestational age (seven fewer per 1000 treated) and fetal or neonatal death (five fewer per 1000 treated). Overall, administering antiplatelet agents to 1000 women led to 20 fewer pregnancies with serious adverse outcomes. The quality of evidence for all these outcomes was high. Aspirin probably slightly increased the risk of postpartum haemorrhage of more than 500 mL, however, the quality of evidence for this outcome was downgraded to moderate, due to concerns of clinical heterogeneity in measurements of blood loss. Antiplatelet agents probably marginally increase placental abruption, but the quality of the evidence was downgraded to moderate due to low event numbers and thus wide 95% CI. Overall, antiplatelet agents improved outcomes, and at these doses appear to be safe. Identifying women who are most likely to respond to low-dose aspirin would improve targeting of treatment. As almost all the women in this review were recruited to the trials after 12 weeks' gestation, it is unclear whether starting treatment before 12 weeks' would have additional benefits without any increase in adverse effects. While there was some indication that higher doses of aspirin would be more effective, further studies would be warranted to examine this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lelia Duley
- Nottingham Health Science PartnersNottingham Clinical Trials UnitC Floor, South BlockQueen's Medical CentreNottinghamUKNG7 2UH
| | | | - Kylie E Hunter
- University of SydneyNHMRC Clinical Trials CentreLocked Bag 77CamperdownNSWAustralia2050
| | - Anna Lene Seidler
- University of SydneyNHMRC Clinical Trials CentreLocked Bag 77CamperdownNSWAustralia2050
| | - Lisa M Askie
- University of SydneyNHMRC Clinical Trials CentreLocked Bag 77CamperdownNSWAustralia2050
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Abstract
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy constitute one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality worldwide. It has been estimated that preeclampsia complicates 2-8% of pregnancies globally (). In Latin America and the Caribbean, hypertensive disorders are responsible for almost 26% of maternal deaths, whereas in Africa and Asia they contribute to 9% of deaths. Although maternal mortality is much lower in high-income countries than in developing countries, 16% of maternal deaths can be attributed to hypertensive disorders (). In the United States, the rate of preeclampsia increased by 25% between 1987 and 2004 (). Moreover, in comparison with women giving birth in 1980, those giving birth in 2003 were at 6.7-fold increased risk of severe preeclampsia (). This complication is costly: one study reported that in 2012 in the United States, the estimated cost of preeclampsia within the first 12 months of delivery was $2.18 billion ($1.03 billion for women and $1.15 billion for infants), which was disproportionately borne by premature births (). This Practice Bulletin will provide guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.
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Finnegan C, Dicker P, Fernandez E, Tully E, Higgins M, Daly S, Riordan MO, Dunne F, Gaffney G, Slevin J, Ciprike V, Breathnach F. Investigating the role of early low-dose aspirin in diabetes: A phase III multicentre double-blinded placebo-controlled randomised trial of aspirin therapy initiated in the first trimester of diabetes pregnancy. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019; 16:100465. [PMID: 31701039 PMCID: PMC6831706 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia, preterm birth and low birth weight represent key contributing factors to perinatal morbidity and mortality. Pregnancies complicated by type 1 and type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of these complications, which are purported to be largely attributed to placental dysfunction. Studies investigating a potential role for aspirin therapy in optimizing perinatal outcome have consistently failed to demonstrate a benefit among women with pre-existing diabetes, and yet widespread aspirin administration has become common practice in many centres. This study seeks to examine the effect of aspirin therapy, administered from the first trimester until 36 weeks gestation, on perinatal outcome in women with established pre-pregnancy diabetes. Our hypothesis is that aspirin therapy will reduce complications mediated by placental dysfunction, and improve perinatal outcomes. Methods This phase III double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial will be conducted in seven tertiary-level perinatology centres in Ireland. Consenting participants who meet all eligibility criteria will be allocated randomly to either aspirin 150 mg once daily or matching placebo, commenced between 11 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks. Allocation will take place electronically using software by Clininfo with randomization tables provided by the trial biostatistician. The primary outcome will be a composite clinical measure of placental dysfunction (preeclampsia, preterm birth before 34 weeks, birthweight below the 10th centile or perinatal mortality). This trial has been set up such that it is parallel in design and is a superiority study. No participants have been recruited yet. The trial has been registered with Eudra Clinical Trials - EudraCT Number 2018-000770-29. Funding for this trial was granted by the Health research Board (HRB) 1/9/2017(DIFA-2017-026). Discussion Aspirin therapy has been investigated for the prevention of preeclampsia owing to its reduction on thromboxane production. Previous studies have failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect of aspirin on perinatal outcome amongst women with type I or type II diabetes. It is plausible that the failure to observe benefit to date, among the limited aspirin studies that have included participants with diabetes, may be a consequence of aspirin initiation too late in pregnancy to exert any effect on placentation. We believe that if aspirin is to be used for the prevention of placental dysfunction, it must be initiated before the second active phase of trophoblast invasion, which takes place from 14 weeks' gestation onwards. No randomized trials investigating the role of aspirin in prevention of preeclampsia in pregnancies complicated by diabetes have previously initiated treatment in the first trimester, the gestational period at which it is most likely to exert an effect on placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Finnegan
- RCSI, Rotunda Hospital, Parnell Square, Dublin 1, Ireland
- Corresponding author.
| | - Patrick Dicker
- RCSI, Rotunda Hospital, Parnell Square, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | | | | | - Mary Higgins
- National Maternity Hospital, Holles St, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sean Daly
- Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Cork St, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - John Slevin
- University Maternity Hospital, Ennis Road, Limerick, Ireland
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42
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Abstract
Low-dose aspirin has been used during pregnancy, most commonly to prevent or delay the onset of preeclampsia. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists issued the Hypertension in Pregnancy Task Force Report recommending daily low-dose aspirin beginning in the late first trimester for women with a history of early-onset preeclampsia and preterm delivery at less than 34 0/7 weeks of gestation, or for women with more than one prior pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force published a similar guideline, although the list of indications for low-dose aspirin use was more expansive. Daily low-dose aspirin use in pregnancy is considered safe and is associated with a low likelihood of serious maternal, or fetal complications, or both, related to use. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine support the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guideline criteria for prevention of preeclampsia. Low-dose aspirin (81 mg/day) prophylaxis is recommended in women at high risk of preeclampsia and should be initiated between 12 weeks and 28 weeks of gestation (optimally before 16 weeks) and continued daily until delivery. Low-dose aspirin prophylaxis should be considered for women with more than one of several moderate risk factors for preeclampsia. Women at risk of preeclampsia are defined based on the presence of one or more high-risk factors (history of preeclampsia, multifetal gestation, renal disease, autoimmune disease, type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and chronic hypertension) or more than one of several moderate-risk factors (first pregnancy, maternal age of 35 years or older, a body mass index greater than 30, family history of preeclampsia, sociodemographic characteristics, and personal history factors). In the absence of high risk factors for preeclampsia, current evidence does not support the use of prophylactic low-dose aspirin for the prevention of early pregnancy loss, fetal growth restriction, stillbirth, or preterm birth.
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Molecular Targets of Aspirin and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Their Potential Association with Circulating Extracellular Vesicles during Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184370. [PMID: 31492014 PMCID: PMC6769718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncomplicated healthy pregnancy is the outcome of successful fertilization, implantation of embryos, trophoblast development and adequate placentation. Any deviation in these cascades of events may lead to complicated pregnancies such as preeclampsia (PE). The current incidence of PE is 2–8% in all pregnancies worldwide, leading to high maternal as well as perinatal mortality and morbidity rates. A number of randomized controlled clinical trials observed the association between low dose aspirin (LDA) treatment in early gestational age and significant reduction of early onset of PE in high-risk pregnant women. However, a substantial knowledge gap exists in identifying the particular mechanism of action of aspirin on placental function. It is already established that the placental-derived exosomes (PdE) are present in the maternal circulation from 6 weeks of gestation, and exosomes contain bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids and RNA that are a “fingerprint” of their originating cells. Interestingly, levels of exosomes are higher in PE compared to normal pregnancies, and changes in the level of PdE during the first trimester may be used to classify women at risk for developing PE. The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanisms of action of LDA on placental and maternal physiological systems including the role of PdE in these phenomena. This review article will contribute to the in-depth understanding of LDA-induced PE prevention.
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Lin L, Li G, Zhang W, Wang YL, Yang H. Low-dose aspirin reduces hypoxia-induced sFlt1 release via the JNK/AP-1 pathway in human trophoblast and endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18928-18941. [PMID: 31004367 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a serious hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that remains a leading cause of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Placental ischemia/hypoxia and the secretion of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) into maternal circulation are involved in the pathogenesis of PE. Although low-dose aspirin (LDA) has beneficial effects on the prevention of PE, the exact mechanisms of action of LDA, particularly on placental dysfunction, and sFlt1 release, have not been well investigated. This study aimed to determine whether LDA exists the protective effects on placental trophoblast and endothelial functions and prevents PE-associated sFlt1 release. First, we observed that LDA mitigated hypoxia-induced trophoblast apoptosis, showed positive effects on trophoblast cells migration and invasion activity, and increased the tube-forming activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, LDA decreased hypoxia-induced sFlt1 production, and the c-Jun NH2 -terminal kinase/activator protein-1 (JNK/AP-1) pathway was shown to mediate the induction of sFlt1. Moreover, the transcription factor AP-1 was confirmed to regulate the Flt1 gene expression by directly binding to the Flt1 promoter in luciferase assays. The result of chromatin immunoprecipitation assays further demonstrated that LDA could directly decrease the expression of the transcription factor AP-1, and thus decrease sFlt1 production. Finally, the effects of LDA on sFlt1 production were proved in human placental explants. Taken together, our data show the protective effects of LDA against trophoblast and endothelial cell dysfunction and reveal that the LDA-mediated inhibition of sFlt1 via the JNK/AP-1 pathway may be a potential cellular/molecular mechanism for the prevention of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanlin Li
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wanyi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Huixia Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a heterogeneous group of conditions that include chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension. These disorders account for a significant proportion of perinatal morbidity and mortality nearly 10% of all maternal deaths in the United States. Given the substantial health burden of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, there is increasing interest in optimizing management of these conditions. This article summarizes the diagnosis and management of each of the disorders in the spectrum of hypertension in pregnancy and highlights recent updates in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia L M Sutton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Women and Infants Center, 1700 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA.
| | - Lorie M Harper
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Women and Infants Center, 1700 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Alan T N Tita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Women and Infants Center, 1700 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
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Aspirin in the prevention of preeclampsia: the conundrum of how, who and when. J Hum Hypertens 2018; 33:1-9. [DOI: 10.1038/s41371-018-0113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Behera P, Behera SM, Hitakshi, Bairwa M, Pilania M, Dora S. Aspirin in Preeclampsia: Current Evidence and Future Scope of Research. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2018; 3:68-72. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2018.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Roberge S, Bujold E, Nicolaides KH. Meta-analysis on the effect of aspirin use for prevention of preeclampsia on placental abruption and antepartum hemorrhage. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 218:483-489. [PMID: 29305829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.12.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DATA Impaired placentation in the first 16 weeks of pregnancy is associated with increased risk of subsequent development of preeclampsia, birth of small-for-gestational-age neonates, and placental abruption. Previous studies reported that prophylactic use of aspirin reduces the risk of preeclampsia and small-for-gestational-age neonates with no significant effect on placental abruption. However, meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials that examined the effect of aspirin in relation to gestational age at onset of therapy and dosage of the drug reported that significant reduction in the risk of preeclampsia and small-for-gestational-age neonates is achieved only if the onset of treatment is at ≤16 weeks of gestation and the daily dosage of the drug is ≥100 mg. STUDY We aimed to estimate the effect of aspirin on the risk of placental abruption or antepartum hemorrhage in relation to gestational age at onset of therapy and the dosage of the drug. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that evaluated the prophylactic effect of aspirin during pregnancy, we used PubMed, Cinhal, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane library from 1985 to September 2017. Relative risks of placental abruption or antepartum hemorrhage with their 95% confidence intervals were calculated with the use of random effect models. Analyses were stratified according to daily dose of aspirin (<100 and ≥100 mg) and the gestational age at the onset of therapy (≤16 and >16 weeks of gestation) and compared with the use of subgroup difference analysis. RESULTS The entry criteria were fulfilled by 20 studies on a combined total of 12,585 participants. Aspirin at a dose of <100 mg per day had no impact on the risk of placental abruption or antepartum hemorrhage, irrespective of whether it was initiated at ≤16 weeks of gestation (relative risk, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-2.36) or at >16 weeks of gestation (relative risk, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.73-2.39). At ≥100 mg per day, aspirin was not associated with a significant change on the risk of placental abruption or antepartum hemorrhage, whether the treatment was initiated at ≤16 weeks of gestation (relative risk, 0.62, 95% confidence interval, 0.31-1.26), or at >16 weeks of gestation (relative risk, 2.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.86-5.06), but the difference between the subgroups was significant (P=.04). CONCLUSION Aspirin at a daily dose of ≥100 mg for prevention of preeclampsia that is initiated at ≤16 weeks of gestation, rather than >16 weeks, may decrease the risk of placental abruption or antepartum hemorrhage.
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Nawathe A, David AL. Prophylaxis and treatment of foetal growth restriction. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 49:66-78. [PMID: 29656983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Foetal growth restriction (FGR) and associated placental pathologies such as pre-eclampsia and stillbirth arise in early pregnancy when inadequate remodelling of maternal spiral arteries leads to persistent high-resistance low-flow uteroplacental circulation. Current interventions concentrate on targeting the placental ischaemia-reperfusion injury and oxidative stress associated with an imbalance in angiogenic/anti-angiogenic factors. Recent meta-analyses confirm that aspirin modestly reduces the risk for small-for-gestational-age pregnancy in high-risk women. A dose of ≥100 mg starting by 16 weeks of gestation is recommended. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that low-molecular-weight heparin may prevent FGR; further research is needed to confirm efficacy. Once FGR is diagnosed, no treatment will improve foetal growth. Potential FGR therapies such as phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors or maternal VEGF gene therapy aim to improve poor placentation and/or uterine blood flow. Melatonin, creatine and N-acetyl cysteine have potential as novel neuroprotective and cardioprotective agents in FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamod Nawathe
- Fetal Medicine Unit, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, 235 Euston Road, NW1 2BU, UK.
| | - Anna L David
- Research Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK; NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Research & Development, Maple House 1st Floor, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7DN, UK.
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Lan PG, Gillin AG, Pelosi M, Tooher J, Sandager P, Hyett J. Effect of early use of low-dose aspirin therapy on late-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:2137-2142. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1427718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G. Lan
- School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Adrian G. Gillin
- School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Marilena Pelosi
- RPA Women and Babies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Jane Tooher
- RPA Women and Babies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Puk Sandager
- Department of Obstetrics and Gyanecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jon Hyett
- RPA Women and Babies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
- Discipline of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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