1
|
Goglia I, Węglarz-Tomczak E, Gioia C, Liu Y, Virtuoso A, Bonanomi M, Gaglio D, Salmistraro N, De Luca C, Papa M, Alberghina L, Westerhoff HV, Colangelo AM. Fusion-fission-mitophagy cycling and metabolic reprogramming coordinate nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent neuronal differentiation. FEBS J 2024; 291:2811-2835. [PMID: 38362803 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal differentiation is regulated by nerve growth factor (NGF) and other neurotrophins. We explored the impact of NGF on mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism through time-lapse imaging, metabolomics profiling, and computer modeling studies. We show that NGF may direct differentiation by stimulating fission, thereby causing selective mitochondrial network fragmentation and mitophagy, ultimately leading to increased mitochondrial quality and respiration. Then, we reconstructed the dynamic fusion-fission-mitophagy cycling of mitochondria in a computer model, integrating these processes into a single network mechanism. Both the computational model and the simulations are able to reproduce the proposed mechanism in terms of mitochondrial dynamics, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitophagy, and mitochondrial quality, thus providing a computational tool for the interpretation of the experimental data and for future studies aiming to detail further the action of NGF on mitochondrial processes. We also show that changes in these mitochondrial processes are intertwined with a metabolic function of NGF in differentiation: NGF directs a profound metabolic rearrangement involving glycolysis, TCA cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway, altering the redox balance. This metabolic rewiring may ensure: (a) supply of both energy and building blocks for the anabolic processes needed for morphological reorganization, as well as (b) redox homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Goglia
- Laboratory of Neuroscience "R. Levi-Montalcini", Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Ewelina Węglarz-Tomczak
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudio Gioia
- Laboratory of Neuroscience "R. Levi-Montalcini", Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Assunta Virtuoso
- Laboratory of Morphology of Neuronal Network, Department of Public Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Marcella Bonanomi
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Daniela Gaglio
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Noemi Salmistraro
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology ISBE.ITALY, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Ciro De Luca
- Laboratory of Morphology of Neuronal Network, Department of Public Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Michele Papa
- Laboratory of Morphology of Neuronal Network, Department of Public Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology ISBE.ITALY, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Lilia Alberghina
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology ISBE.ITALY, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
- Infrastructure for Systems Biology Europe (ISBE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans V Westerhoff
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Infrastructure for Systems Biology Europe (ISBE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular Cell Physiology, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Anna Maria Colangelo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience "R. Levi-Montalcini", Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology ISBE.ITALY, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
- Infrastructure for Systems Biology Europe (ISBE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huan Y, Hao G, Shi Z, Liang Y, Dong Y, Quan H. The role of dynamin-related protein 1 in cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115247. [PMID: 37516018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction, especially in terms of mitochondrial dynamics, has been reported to be closely associated with neuronal outcomes and neurological impairment in cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a cytoplasmic GTPase that mediates mitochondrial fission and participates in neuronal cell death, calcium signaling, and oxidative stress. The neuroprotective role of Drp1 inhibition has been confirmed in several central nervous system disease models, demonstrating that targeting Drp1 may shed light on novel approaches for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury. In this review, we aimed to highlight the roles of Drp1 in programmed cell death, oxidative stress, mitophagy, and mitochondrial function to provide a better understanding of mitochondrial disturbances in cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury, and we also summarize the advances in novel chemical compounds targeting Drp1 to provide new insights into potential therapies for cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huan
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangzhi Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zuolin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yushu Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
| | - Huilin Quan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Muñoz JP, Basei FL, Rojas ML, Galvis D, Zorzano A. Mechanisms of Modulation of Mitochondrial Architecture. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1225. [PMID: 37627290 PMCID: PMC10452872 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial network architecture plays a critical role in cellular physiology. Indeed, alterations in the shape of mitochondria upon exposure to cellular stress can cause the dysfunction of these organelles. In this scenario, mitochondrial dynamics proteins and the phospholipid composition of the mitochondrial membrane are key for fine-tuning the modulation of mitochondrial architecture. In addition, several factors including post-translational modifications such as the phosphorylation, acetylation, SUMOylation, and o-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial dynamics proteins contribute to shaping the plasticity of this architecture. In this regard, several studies have evidenced that, upon metabolic stress, mitochondrial dynamics proteins are post-translationally modified, leading to the alteration of mitochondrial architecture. Interestingly, several proteins that sustain the mitochondrial lipid composition also modulate mitochondrial morphology and organelle communication. In this context, pharmacological studies have revealed that the modulation of mitochondrial shape and function emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases. Here, we review the factors that modulate mitochondrial architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Muñoz
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernanda Luisa Basei
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-871 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - María Laura Rojas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - David Galvis
- Programa de Química Farmacéutica, Universidad CES, Medellín 050031, Colombia
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhatti JS, Kaur S, Mishra J, Dibbanti H, Singh A, Reddy AP, Bhatti GK, Reddy PH. Targeting dynamin-related protein-1 as a potential therapeutic approach for mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166798. [PMID: 37392948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that manifests its pathology through synaptic damage, mitochondrial abnormalities, microRNA deregulation, hormonal imbalance, increased astrocytes & microglia, accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and phosphorylated Tau in the brains of AD patients. Despite extensive research, the effective treatment of AD is still unknown. Tau hyperphosphorylation and mitochondrial abnormalities are involved in the loss of synapses, defective axonal transport and cognitive decline in patients with AD. Mitochondrial dysfunction is evidenced by enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation, impaired mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis and defective mitophagy in AD. Hence, targeting mitochondrial proteins might be a promising therapeutic strategy in treating AD. Recently, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a mitochondrial fission protein, has gained attention due to its interactions with Aβ and hyperphosphorylated Tau, altering mitochondrial morphology, dynamics, and bioenergetics. These interactions affect ATP production in mitochondria. A reduction in Drp1 GTPase activity protects against neurodegeneration in AD models. This article provides a comprehensive overview of Drp1's involvement in oxidative damage, apoptosis, mitophagy, and axonal transport of mitochondria. We also highlighted the interaction of Drp1 with Aβ and Tau, which may contribute to AD progression. In conclusion, targeting Drp1 could be a potential therapeutic approach for preventing AD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Satinder Kaur
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Jayapriya Mishra
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | | | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nguyen TTM, Gadet R, Lanfranchi M, Lahaye RA, Yandiev S, Lohez O, Mikaelian I, Jabbour L, Rimokh R, Courchet J, Saudou F, Popgeorgiev N, Gillet G. Mitochondrial Bcl-xL promotes brain synaptogenesis by controlling non-lethal caspase activation. iScience 2023; 26:106674. [PMID: 37182099 PMCID: PMC10173740 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-lethal caspase activation (NLCA) has been linked to neurodevelopmental processes. However, how neurons control NLCA remains elusive. Here, we focused on Bcl-xL, a Bcl-2 homolog regulating caspase activation through the mitochondria. We generated a mouse model, referred to as ER-xL, in which Bcl-xL is absent in the mitochondria, yet present in the endoplasmic reticulum. Unlike bclx knockout mice that died at E13.5, ER-xL mice survived embryonic development but died post-partum because of altered feeding behavior. Enhanced caspase-3 activity was observed in the brain and the spinal cord white matter, but not the gray matter. No increase in cell death was observed in ER-xL cortical neurons, suggesting that the observed caspase-3 activation was apoptosis-independent. ER-xL neurons displayed increased caspase-3 activity in the neurites, resulting in impaired axon arborescence and synaptogenesis. Together, our findings suggest that mitochondrial Bcl-xL finely tunes caspase-3 through Drp-1-dependent mitochondrial fission, which is critical to neural network design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thi Minh Nguyen
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Rudy Gadet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Marine Lanfranchi
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR 5261, INSERM U 1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Romane A. Lahaye
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Sozerko Yandiev
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR 5261, INSERM U 1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Lohez
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Ivan Mikaelian
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Lea Jabbour
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Ruth Rimokh
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Julien Courchet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR 5261, INSERM U 1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Saudou
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Nikolay Popgeorgiev
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Germain Gillet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hospices civils de Lyon, Laboratoire d’anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kakoty V, Sarathlal KC, Gulati M, Bey Hing G, Dua K, Kumar Singh S. Senolytics: opening avenues in drug discovery to find novel therapeutics for Parkinson's disease. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103582. [PMID: 37023942 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is one of the major risk factors for most neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). More than 10 million people are affected with PD worldwide. One of the predominant factors accountable for progression of PD pathology could be enhanced accumulation of senescent cells in the brain with the progress of age. Recent investigations have highlighted that senescent cells can ignite PD pathology via increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Senolytics are agents that kill senescent cells. This review mainly focuses on understanding the pathological connection between senescence and PD, with emphasis on some of the recent advances made in the area of senolytics and their evolution to potential clinical candidates for future pharmaceuticals against PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violina Kakoty
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - K C Sarathlal
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Goh Bey Hing
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wahedi A, Soondram C, Murphy AE, Skene N, Rahman S. Transcriptomic analyses reveal neuronal specificity of Leigh syndrome associated genes. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:243-260. [PMID: 36502462 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leigh syndrome is a rare, inherited, complex neurometabolic disorder with genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Features present in affected patients range from classical stepwise developmental regression to ataxia, seizures, tremor, and occasionally psychiatric manifestations. Currently, more than 100 monogenic causes of Leigh syndrome have been identified, yet the pathophysiology remains unknown. Here, we sought to determine the cellular specificity within the brain of all genes currently associated with Leigh syndrome. Further, we aimed to investigate potential genetic commonalities between Leigh syndrome and other disorders with overlapping clinical features. Enrichment of our target genes within the brain was evaluated with co-expression (CoExp) network analyses constructed using existing UK Brain Expression Consortium data. To determine the cellular specificity of the Leigh associated genes, we employed expression weighted cell type enrichment (EWCE) analysis of single-cell RNA-Seq data. Finally, CoExp network modules demonstrating enrichment of Leigh syndrome associated genes were then utilised for synaptic gene ontology analysis and heritability analysis. CoExp network analyses revealed that Leigh syndrome associated genes exhibit the highest levels of expression in brain regions most affected on MRI in affected patients. EWCE revealed significant enrichment of target genes in hippocampal and somatosensory pyramidal neurons and interneurons of the brain. Analysis of CoExp modules enriched with our target genes revealed preferential association with pre-synaptic structures. Heritability studies suggested some common enrichment between Leigh syndrome and Parkinson disease and epilepsy. Our findings suggest a primary mitochondrial dysfunction as the underlying basis of Leigh syndrome, with associated genes primarily expressed in neuronal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azizia Wahedi
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chandika Soondram
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alan E Murphy
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nathan Skene
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Means RE, Katz SG. Balancing life and death: BCL-2 family members at diverse ER-mitochondrial contact sites. FEBS J 2022; 289:7075-7112. [PMID: 34668625 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The outer mitochondrial membrane is a busy place. One essential activity for cellular survival is the regulation of membrane integrity by the BCL-2 family of proteins. Another critical facet of the outer mitochondrial membrane is its close approximation with the endoplasmic reticulum. These mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs) occupy a significant fraction of the mitochondrial surface and serve as key signaling hubs for multiple cellular processes. Each of these pathways may be considered as forming their own specialized MAM subtype. Interestingly, like membrane permeabilization, most of these pathways play critical roles in regulating cellular survival and death. Recently, the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member BOK has been found within MAMs where it plays important roles in their structure and function. This has led to a greater appreciation that multiple BCL-2 family proteins, which are known to participate in numerous functions throughout the cell, also have roles within MAMs. In this review, we evaluate several MAM subsets, their role in cellular homeostasis, and the contribution of BCL-2 family members to their functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Means
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Samuel G Katz
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gu Q, Duan K, Petralia RS, Wang YX, Li Z. BAX regulates dendritic spine development via mitochondrial fusion. Neurosci Res 2022; 182:25-31. [PMID: 35688289 PMCID: PMC9378631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BAX is a Bcl-2 family protein acting on apoptosis. It also promotes mitochondrial fusion by interacting with the mitochondrial fusion protein Mitofusin (Mfn1 and Mfn2). Neuronal mitochondria are important for the development and modification of dendritic spines, which are subcellular compartments accommodating excitatory synapses in postsynaptic neurons. The abundance of dendritic mitochondria influences dendritic spine development. Mitochondrial fusion is essential for mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, we show that in the hippocampal neuron of BAX knockout mice, mitochondrial fusion is impaired, leading to decreases in mitochondrial length and total mitochondrial mass in dendrites. Notably, BAX knockout mice also have fewer dendritic spines and less cellular Adenosine 5'triphosphate (ATP) in dendrites. The spine and ATP changes are abolished by restoring mitochondria fusion via overexpressing Mfn1 and Mfn2. These findings indicate that BAX-mediated mitochondrial fusion in neurons is crucial for the development of dendritic spines and the maintenance of cellular ATP levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinhua Gu
- Section on Synapse Development Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kaizheng Duan
- Section on Synapse Development Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ya-Xian Wang
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Section on Synapse Development Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Romero-Morales AI, Gama V. Revealing the Impact of Mitochondrial Fitness During Early Neural Development Using Human Brain Organoids. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:840265. [PMID: 35571368 PMCID: PMC9102998 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.840265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis -including function, morphology, and inter-organelle communication- provides guidance to the intrinsic developmental programs of corticogenesis, while also being responsive to environmental and intercellular signals. Two- and three-dimensional platforms have become useful tools to interrogate the capacity of cells to generate neuronal and glia progeny in a background of metabolic dysregulation, but the mechanistic underpinnings underlying the role of mitochondria during human neurogenesis remain unexplored. Here we provide a concise overview of cortical development and the use of pluripotent stem cell models that have contributed to our understanding of mitochondrial and metabolic regulation of early human brain development. We finally discuss the effects of mitochondrial fitness dysregulation seen under stress conditions such as metabolic dysregulation, absence of developmental apoptosis, and hypoxia; and the avenues of research that can be explored with the use of brain organoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miller SJ, Campbell CE, Jimenez-Corea HA, Wu GH, Logan R. Neuroglial Senescence, α-Synucleinopathy, and the Therapeutic Potential of Senolytics in Parkinson’s Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:824191. [PMID: 35516803 PMCID: PMC9063319 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.824191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder and the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease. Despite decades of research, there is still no cure for PD and the complicated intricacies of the pathology are still being worked out. Much of the research on PD has focused on neurons, since the disease is characterized by neurodegeneration. However, neuroglia has become recognized as key players in the health and disease of the central nervous system. This review provides a current perspective on the interactive roles that α-synuclein and neuroglial senescence have in PD. The self-amplifying and cyclical nature of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, α-synucleinopathy, neuroglial senescence, neuroglial chronic activation and neurodegeneration will be discussed. Finally, the compelling role that senolytics could play as a therapeutic avenue for PD is explored and encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean J. Miller
- Pluripotent Diagnostics Corp. (PDx), Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Sunnyvale, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Guan-Hui Wu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Robert Logan
- Pluripotent Diagnostics Corp. (PDx), Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Sunnyvale, CA, United States
- Department of Biology, Eastern Nazarene College, Quincy, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Robert Logan,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Park HA, Crowe-White KM, Ciesla L, Scott M, Bannerman S, Davis AU, Adhikari B, Burnett G, Broman K, Ferdous KA, Lackey KH, Licznerski P, Jonas EA. Alpha-Tocotrienol Enhances Arborization of Primary Hippocampal Neurons via Upregulation of Bcl-xL. Nutr Res 2022; 101:31-42. [PMID: 35366596 PMCID: PMC9081260 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-tocotrienol (α-TCT) is a member of the vitamin E family. It has been reported to protect the brain against various pathologies including cerebral ischemia and neurodegeneration. However, it is still unclear if α-TCT exhibits beneficial effects during brain development. We hypothesized that treatment with α-TCT improves intracellular redox homeostasis supporting normal development of neurons. We found that primary hippocampal neurons isolated from rat feti grown in α-TCT-containing media achieved greater levels of neurite complexity compared to ethanol-treated control neurons. Neurons were treated with 1 μM α-TCT for 3 weeks, and media were replaced with fresh α-TCT every week. Treatment with α-TCT increased α-TCT levels (26 pmol/mg protein) in the cells, whereas the control neurons did not contain α-TCT. α-TCT-treated neurons produced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at a higher rate and increased ATP retention at neurites, supporting formation of neurite branches. Although treatment with α-TCT alone did not change neuronal viability, neurons grown in α-TCT were more resistant to death at maturity. We further found that messenger RNA and protein levels of B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) are increased by α-TCT treatment without inducing posttranslational cleavage of Bcl-xL. Bcl-xL is known to enhance mitochondrial energy production, which improves neuronal function including neurite outgrowth and neurotransmission. Therefore α-TCT-mediated Bcl-xL upregulation may be the central mechanism of neuroprotection seen in the α-TCT-treated group. In summary, treatment with α-TCT upregulates Bcl-xL and increases ATP levels at neurites. This correlates with increased neurite branching during development and with protection of mature neurons against oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-A Park
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
| | - Kristi M Crowe-White
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Lukasz Ciesla
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Madison Scott
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Sydni Bannerman
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Abigail U Davis
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Bishnu Adhikari
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Garrett Burnett
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Katheryn Broman
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Khondoker Adeba Ferdous
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Kimberly H Lackey
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Pawel Licznerski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bahatyrevich-Kharitonik B, Medina-Guzman R, Flores-Cortes A, García-Cruzado M, Kavanagh E, Burguillos MA. Cell Death Related Proteins Beyond Apoptosis in the CNS. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:825747. [PMID: 35096845 PMCID: PMC8794922 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.825747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death related (CDR) proteins are a diverse group of proteins whose original function was ascribed to apoptotic cell death signaling. Recently, descriptions of non-apoptotic functions for CDR proteins have increased. In this minireview, we comment on recent studies of CDR proteins outside the field of apoptosis in the CNS, encompassing areas such as the inflammasome and non-apoptotic cell death, cytoskeleton reorganization, synaptic plasticity, mitophagy, neurodegeneration and calcium signaling among others. Furthermore, we discuss the evolution of proteomic techniques used to predict caspase substrates that could potentially explain their non-apoptotic roles. Finally, we address new concepts in the field of non-apoptotic functions of CDR proteins that require further research such the effect of sexual dimorphism on non-apoptotic CDR protein function and the emergence of zymogen-specific caspase functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bazhena Bahatyrevich-Kharitonik
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Medina-Guzman
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Alicia Flores-Cortes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Marta García-Cruzado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Edel Kavanagh
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Burguillos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Energy matters: presynaptic metabolism and the maintenance of synaptic transmission. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 23:4-22. [PMID: 34782781 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic activity imposes large energy demands that are met by local adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis through glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. ATP drives action potentials, supports synapse assembly and remodelling, and fuels synaptic vesicle filling and recycling, thus sustaining synaptic transmission. Given their polarized morphological features - including long axons and extensive branching in their terminal regions - neurons face exceptional challenges in maintaining presynaptic energy homeostasis, particularly during intensive synaptic activity. Recent studies have started to uncover the mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in activity-dependent and energy-sensitive regulation of presynaptic energetics, or 'synaptoenergetics'. These conceptual advances have established the energetic regulation of synaptic efficacy and plasticity as an exciting research field that is relevant to a range of neurological disorders associated with bioenergetic failure and synaptic dysfunction.
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo C, Hildick KL, Jiang J, Zhao A, Guo W, Henley JM, Wilkinson KA. SENP3 Promotes an Mff-Primed Bcl-x L -Drp1 Interaction Involved in Cell Death Following Ischemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:752260. [PMID: 34722538 PMCID: PMC8555761 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.752260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the mitochondrial fission machinery has been linked to cell death following ischemia. Fission is largely dependent on recruitment of Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) to the receptor Mitochondrial fission factor (Mff) located on the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). Drp1 is a target for SUMOylation and its deSUMOylation, mediated by the SUMO protease SENP3, enhances the Drp1-Mff interaction to promote cell death in an oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) model of ischemia. Another interacting partner for Drp1 is the Bcl-2 family member Bcl-x L , an important protein in cell death and survival pathways. Here we demonstrate that preventing Drp1 SUMOylation by mutating its SUMO target lysines enhances the Drp1-Bcl-x L interaction in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, SENP3-mediated deSUMOylation of Drp1 promotes the Drp1-Bcl-x L interaction. Our data suggest that Mff primes Drp1 binding to Bcl-x L at the mitochondria and that Mff and Bcl-x L can interact directly, independent of Drp1, through their transmembrane domains. Importantly, SENP3 loss in cells subjected to OGD correlates with reduced Drp1-Bcl-x L interaction, whilst recovery of SENP3 levels in cells subjected to reoxygenation following OGD correlates with increased Drp1-Bcl-x L interaction. Expressing a Bcl-x L mutant with defective Drp1 binding reduces OGD plus reoxygenation-evoked cell death. Taken together, our results indicate that SENP3-mediated deSUMOlyation promotes an Mff-primed Drp1-Bcl-x L interaction that contributes to cell death following ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Guo
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Keri L Hildick
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Juwei Jiang
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Zhao
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Wenbin Guo
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy M Henley
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Science, Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin A Wilkinson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bcl-xL Is Required by Primary Hippocampal Neurons during Development to Support Local Energy Metabolism at Neurites. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080772. [PMID: 34440004 PMCID: PMC8389656 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) is a mitochondrial protein known to inhibit mitochondria-dependent intrinsic apoptotic pathways. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that Bcl-xL is critical in regulating neuronal energy metabolism and has a protective role in pathologies associated with an energy deficit. However, it is less known how Bcl-xL regulates physiological processes of the brain. In this study, we hypothesize that Bcl-xL is required for neurite branching and maturation during neuronal development by improving local energy metabolism. We found that the absence of Bcl-xL in rat primary hippocampal neurons resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction. Specifically, the ATP/ADP ratio was significantly decreased in the neurites of Bcl-xL depleted neurons. We further found that neurons transduced with Bcl-xL shRNA or neurons treated with ABT-263, a pharmacological inhibitor of Bcl-xL, showed impaired mitochondrial motility. Neurons lacking Bcl-xL had significantly decreased anterograde and retrograde movement of mitochondria and an increased stationary mitochondrial population when Bcl-xL was depleted by either means. These mitochondrial defects, including loss of ATP, impaired normal neurite development. Neurons lacking Bcl-xL showed significantly decreased neurite arborization, growth and complexity. Bcl-xL depleted neurons also showed impaired synapse formation. These neurons showed increased intracellular calcium concentration and were more susceptible to excitotoxic challenge. Bcl-xL may support positioning of mitochondria at metabolically demanding regions of neurites like branching points. Our findings suggest a role for Bcl-xL in physiological regulation of neuronal growth and development.
Collapse
|
17
|
Nguyen TTM, Gillet G, Popgeorgiev N. Caspases in the Developing Central Nervous System: Apoptosis and Beyond. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:702404. [PMID: 34336853 PMCID: PMC8322698 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.702404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The caspase family of cysteine proteases represents the executioners of programmed cell death (PCD) type I or apoptosis. For years, caspases have been known for their critical roles in shaping embryonic structures, including the development of the central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, recent findings have suggested that aside from their roles in eliminating unnecessary neural cells, caspases are also implicated in other neurodevelopmental processes such as axon guidance, synapse formation, axon pruning, and synaptic functions. These results raise the question as to how neurons regulate this decision-making, leading either to cell death or to proper development and differentiation. This review highlights current knowledge on apoptotic and non-apoptotic functions of caspases in the developing CNS. We also discuss the molecular factors involved in the regulation of caspase-mediated roles, emphasizing the mitochondrial pathway of cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thi Minh Nguyen
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Germain Gillet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Laboratoire d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Nikolay Popgeorgiev
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lucantoni F, Salvucci M, Dussmann H, Prehn JHM. BCL(X)L and BCL2 increase mitochondrial dynamics in breast cancer cell: Evidence from functional and genetic studies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119095. [PMID: 34214511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BCL2 family proteins are important regulators of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). In recent years, BCL2 family proteins have also been linked to the regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics. Given their overexpression in breast cancer cells, we sought to explore whether two key members of this family, BCL2 and BCL(X)L impacted on mitochondrial fusion/fission processes. By employing a single cell imaging and RNA sequencing we found that overexpression of BCL2 or BCL(X)L increases mitochondrial dynamics and alters the expression profile of genes involved in this process. Collectively, our data show that overexpression of BCL2 proteins regulates mitochondrial dynamics in breast cancer tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Lucantoni
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Centre for System Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Manuela Salvucci
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Centre for System Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Heiko Dussmann
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Centre for System Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Centre for System Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Involvement of Bcl-xL in Neuronal Function and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063202. [PMID: 33801158 PMCID: PMC8004157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) family of proteins are mainly known for their role in the regulation of apoptosis by preventing pore formation at the mitochondrial outer membrane and subsequent caspase activation. However, Bcl-2 proteins also have non-canonical functions, independent of apoptosis. Indeed, the cell death machinery, including Bcl-2 homologs, was reported to be essential for the central nervous system (CNS), notably with respect to synaptic transmission and axon pruning. Here we focused on Bcl-xL, a close Bcl-2 homolog, which plays a major role in neuronal development, as bclx knock out mice prematurely die at embryonic day 13.5, showing massive apoptosis in the CNS. In addition, we present evidence that Bcl-xL fosters ATP generation by the mitochondria to fuel high energy needs by neurons, and its contribution to synaptic transmission. We discuss how Bcl-xL might control local and transient activation of caspases in neurons without causing cell death. Consistently, Bcl-xL may contribute to morphological changes, such as sprouting and retractation of axon branches, in the context of CNS plasticity. Regarding degenerative diseases and aging, a better understanding of the numerous roles of the cell death machinery in neurons may have future clinical implications.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Bcl-xL is a pro-survival protein of the Bcl2 family found in the mitochondrial membrane. Bcl-xL supports growth, development, and maturation of neurons, and it also prevents neuronal death during neurotoxic stimulation. This article reviews the mechanisms and upstream signaling that regulate the activity and abundance of Bcl-xL. Our team and others have reported that oxidative stress is a key regulator of intracellular Bcl-xL balance in neurons. Oxidative stress regulates synthesis, degradation, and activity of Bcl-xL and therefore neuronal function. During apoptosis, pro-apoptotic Bcl2 proteins such as Bax and Bak translocate to and oligomerize in the mitochondrial membrane. Formation of oligomers causes release of cytochrome c and activation of caspases that lead to neuronal death. Bcl-xL binds directly to pro-apoptotic Bcl2 proteins to block apoptotic signaling. Although anti-apoptotic roles of Bcl-xL have been well documented, an increasing number of studies in recent decades show that protein binding partners of Bcl-xL are not limited to Bcl2 proteins. Bcl-xL forms a complex with F1Fo ATP synthase, DJ-1, DRP1, IP3R, and the ryanodine receptor. These proteins support physiological processes in neurons such as growth and development and prevent neuronal damage by regulating mitochondrial ATP production, synapse formation, synaptic vesicle recycling, neurotransmission, and calcium signaling. However, under conditions of oxidative stress, Bcl-xL undergoes proteolytic cleavage thus lowering the abundance of functional Bcl-xL in neurons. Additionally, oxidative stress alters formation of Bcl-xL-mediated multiprotein complexes by regulating post-translational phosphorylation. Finally, oxidative stress regulates transcription factors that target the Bcl-x gene and alter accessibility of microRNA to mRNA influencing mRNA levels of Bcl-xL. In this review, we discussed how Bcl-xL supports the normal physiology of neurons, and how oxidative stress contributes to pathology by manipulating the dynamics of Bcl-xL production, degradation, and activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-A Park
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Katheryn Broman
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Glutamatergic Dysfunction and Synaptic Ultrastructural Alterations in Schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence from Human and Rodent Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010059. [PMID: 33374598 PMCID: PMC7793137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation between dysfunction in the glutamatergic system and neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder, is undisputed. Both disorders are associated with molecular and ultrastructural alterations that affect synaptic plasticity and thus the molecular and physiological basis of learning and memory. Altered synaptic plasticity, accompanied by changes in protein synthesis and trafficking of postsynaptic proteins, as well as structural modifications of excitatory synapses, are critically involved in the postnatal development of the mammalian nervous system. In this review, we summarize glutamatergic alterations and ultrastructural changes in synapses in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder of genetic or drug-related origin, and briefly comment on the possible reversibility of these neuropsychiatric disorders in the light of findings in regular synaptic physiology.
Collapse
|
22
|
Shirokova OM, Pchelin PV, Mukhina IV. MERCs. The Novel Assistant to Neurotransmission? Front Neurosci 2020; 14:589319. [PMID: 33240039 PMCID: PMC7680918 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.589319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In neuroscience, much attention is paid to intercellular interactions, in particular, to synapses. However, many researchers do not pay due attention to the contribution of intracellular contacts to the work of intercellular interactions. Nevertheless, along with synapses, intracellular contacts also have complex organization and a tremendous number of regulatory elements. Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contacts (MERCs) are a specific site of interaction between the two organelles; they provide a basis for a large number of cellular functions, such as calcium homeostasis, lipid metabolism, autophagy, and apoptosis. Despite the presence of these contacts in various parts of neurons and glial cells, it is yet not known whether they fulfill the same functions. There are still many unsolved questions about the work of these intracellular contacts, and one of the most important among them is if MERCs, with their broad implication into synaptic events, can be considered the assistant to neurotransmission?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olesya M Shirokova
- Central Scientific Research Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Pavel V Pchelin
- Central Scientific Research Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Irina V Mukhina
- Central Scientific Research Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zorgniotti A, Ditamo Y, Arce CA, Bisig CG. Irreversible incorporation of L-dopa into the C-terminus of α-tubulin inhibits binding of molecular motor KIF5B to microtubules and alters mitochondrial traffic along the axon. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 147:105164. [PMID: 33171229 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
L-dopa is the most effective drug used to date for management of Parkinson's disease symptoms. Unfortunately, long-term administration of L-dopa often results in development of motor disorders, including dyskinesias. Despite extensive research on L-dopa-induced dyskinesia, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. We demonstrated previously that L-dopa can be post-translationally incorporated into the C-terminus of α-tubulin in living cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the presence of L-dopa-tubulin-enriched microtubules on mitochondrial traffic mediated by molecular motor KIF5B. Using biochemical approaches in combination with experiments on neuronal cell lines and mouse hippocampal primary cultures, we demonstrated that L-dopa incorporation into tubulin is irreversible. Transport of mitochondria along the axon was altered after L-dopa treatment of cells. In L-dopa-treated cells, mitochondria had reduced ability to reach the distal segment of the axon, spent more time in pause, and showed reduced velocity of anterograde movement. KIF5B motor, a member of the kinesin family involved in mitochondrial transport in neurons, showed reduced affinity for Dopa-tubulin-containing microtubules. Our findings, taken together, suggest that tyrosination state of tubulin (and microtubules) is altered by L-dopa incorporation into tubulin; the gradual increase in amount of altered microtubules affects microtubule functioning, impairs mitochondrial traffic and distribution, and this could be relevant in Parkinson's disease patients chronically treated with L-dopa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Zorgniotti
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), UNC-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yanina Ditamo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), UNC-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Arce
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), UNC-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C Gaston Bisig
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), UNC-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Du M, Yu S, Su W, Zhao M, Yang F, Liu Y, Mai Z, Wang Y, Wang X, Chen T. Mitofusin 2 but not mitofusin 1 mediates Bcl-XL-induced mitochondrial aggregation. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs245001. [PMID: 32958707 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.245001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 family proteins, as central players of the apoptotic program, participate in regulation of the mitochondrial network. Here, a quantitative live-cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) two-hybrid assay was used to confirm the homo-/hetero-oligomerization of mitofusins 2 and 1 (MFN2 and MFN1), and also demonstrate the binding of MFN2 to MFN1 with 1:1 stoichiometry. A FRET two-hybrid assay for living cells co-expressing CFP-labeled Bcl-XL (an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein encoded by BCL2L1) and YFP-labeled MFN2 or MFN1 demonstrated the binding of MFN2 or MFN1 to Bcl-XL with 1:1 stoichiometry. Neither MFN2 nor MFN1 bound with monomeric Bax in healthy cells, but both MFN2 and MFN1 bind to punctate Bax (pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein) during apoptosis. Oligomerized Bak (also known as BAK1; a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein) only associated with MFN1 but not MFN2. Moreover, co-expression of Bcl-XL with MFN2 or MFN1 had the same anti-apoptotic effect as the expression of Bcl-XL alone to staurosporine-induced apoptosis, indicating the Bcl-XL has its full anti-apoptotic ability when complexed with MFN2 or MFN1. However, knockdown of MFN2 but not MFN1 reduced mitochondrial aggregation induced by overexpression of Bcl-XL, indicating that MFN2 but not MFN1 mediates Bcl-XL-induced mitochondrial aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyan Du
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Si Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wenhua Su
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Mengxin Zhao
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yangpei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zihao Mai
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Naumova N, Šachl R. Regulation of Cell Death by Mitochondrial Transport Systems of Calcium and Bcl-2 Proteins. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E299. [PMID: 33096926 PMCID: PMC7590060 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria represent the fundamental system for cellular energy metabolism, by not only supplying energy in the form of ATP, but also by affecting physiology and cell death via the regulation of calcium homeostasis and the activity of Bcl-2 proteins. A lot of research has recently been devoted to understanding the interplay between Bcl-2 proteins, the regulation of these interactions within the cell, and how these interactions lead to the changes in calcium homeostasis. However, the role of Bcl-2 proteins in the mediation of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, and therefore the induction of cell death pathways, remain underestimated and are still not well understood. In this review, we first summarize our knowledge about calcium transport systems in mitochondria, which, when miss-regulated, can induce necrosis. We continue by reviewing and analyzing the functions of Bcl-2 proteins in apoptosis. Finally, we link these two regulatory mechanisms together, exploring the interactions between the mitochondrial Ca2+ transport systems and Bcl-2 proteins, both capable of inducing cell death, with the potential to determine the cell death pathway-either the apoptotic or the necrotic one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Radek Šachl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Development of Conformational Antibodies to Detect Bcl-xL's Amyloid Aggregates in Metal-Induced Apoptotic Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207625. [PMID: 33076337 PMCID: PMC7589975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-xL, a member of the Bcl-2 family, is a pro-survival protein involved in apoptosis regulation. We have previously reported the ability of Bcl-xL to form various types of fibers, from native to amyloid conformations. Here, we have mimicked the effect of apoptosis-induced caspase activity on Bcl-xL by limited proteolysis using trypsin. We show that cleaved Bcl-xL (ΔN-Bcl-xL) forms fibers that exhibit the features of amyloid structures (BclxLcf37). Moreover, three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), produced by mouse immunization and directed against ΔN-Bcl-xL or Bcl-xL fibers, were selected and characterized. Our results show that these mAbs specifically target ΔN-Bcl-xL in amyloid fibers in vitro. Upon metal-stress-induced apoptosis, these mAbs are able to detect the presence of Bcl-xL in amyloid aggregates in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines. In conclusion, these specific mAbs directed against amyloidogenic conformations of Bcl-xL constitute promising tools for studying, in vitro and in cellulo, the contribution of Bcl-xL in apoptosis. These mAbs may further help in developing new diagnostics and therapies, considering Bcl-xL as a strategic target for treating brain lesions relevant to stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
27
|
Licznerski P, Park HA, Rolyan H, Chen R, Mnatsakanyan N, Miranda P, Graham M, Wu J, Cruz-Reyes N, Mehta N, Sohail S, Salcedo J, Song E, Effman C, Effman S, Brandao L, Xu GN, Braker A, Gribkoff VK, Levy RJ, Jonas EA. ATP Synthase c-Subunit Leak Causes Aberrant Cellular Metabolism in Fragile X Syndrome. Cell 2020; 182:1170-1185.e9. [PMID: 32795412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Loss of the gene (Fmr1) encoding Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) causes increased mRNA translation and aberrant synaptic development. We find neurons of the Fmr1-/y mouse have a mitochondrial inner membrane leak contributing to a "leak metabolism." In human Fragile X syndrome (FXS) fibroblasts and in Fmr1-/y mouse neurons, closure of the ATP synthase leak channel by mild depletion of its c-subunit or pharmacological inhibition normalizes stimulus-induced and constitutive mRNA translation rate, decreases lactate and key glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme levels, and triggers synapse maturation. FMRP regulates leak closure in wild-type (WT), but not FX synapses, by stimulus-dependent ATP synthase β subunit translation; this increases the ratio of ATP synthase enzyme to its c-subunit, enhancing ATP production efficiency and synaptic growth. In contrast, in FXS, inability to close developmental c-subunit leak prevents stimulus-dependent synaptic maturation. Therefore, ATP synthase c-subunit leak closure encourages development and attenuates autistic behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Licznerski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Han-A Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Harshvardhan Rolyan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Rongmin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Paige Miranda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Morven Graham
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | | | - Nikita Mehta
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Sana Sohail
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Jorge Salcedo
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Erin Song
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | | | - Samuel Effman
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Lucas Brandao
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Gulan N Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Amber Braker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Valentin K Gribkoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Richard J Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mnatsakanyan N, Jonas EA. The new role of F 1F o ATP synthase in mitochondria-mediated neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. Exp Neurol 2020; 332:113400. [PMID: 32653453 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial F1Fo ATP synthase is one of the most abundant proteins of the mitochondrial inner membrane, which catalyzes the final step of oxidative phosphorylation to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi. ATP synthase uses the electrochemical gradient of protons (ΔμH+) across the mitochondrial inner membrane to synthesize ATP. Under certain pathophysiological conditions, ATP synthase can run in reverse to hydrolyze ATP and build the necessary ΔμH+ across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Tight coupling between these two processes, proton translocation and ATP synthesis, is achieved by the unique rotational mechanism of ATP synthase and is necessary for efficient cellular metabolism and cell survival. The uncoupling of these processes, dissipation of mitochondrial inner membrane potential, elevated levels of ROS, low matrix content of ATP in combination with other cellular malfunction trigger the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the mitochondrial inner membrane. In this review we will discuss the new role of ATP synthase beyond oxidative phosphorylation. We will highlight its function as a unique regulator of cell life and death and as a key target in mitochondria-mediated neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Ann Jonas
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mnatsakanyan N, Jonas EA. ATP synthase c-subunit ring as the channel of mitochondrial permeability transition: Regulator of metabolism in development and degeneration. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 144:109-118. [PMID: 32461058 PMCID: PMC7877492 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) or mitochondrial megachannel is arguably one of the most mysterious phenomena in biology today. mPTP has been at the center of ongoing extensive scientific research for the last several decades. In this review we will discuss recent advances in the field that enhance our understanding of the molecular composition of mPTP, its regulatory mechanisms and its pathophysiological role. We will describe our recent findings on the role of ATP synthase c-subunit ring as a central player in mitochondrial permeability transition and as an important metabolic regulator during development and in degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Ann Jonas
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ma K, Chen G, Li W, Kepp O, Zhu Y, Chen Q. Mitophagy, Mitochondrial Homeostasis, and Cell Fate. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:467. [PMID: 32671064 PMCID: PMC7326955 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly plastic and dynamic organelles that have graded responses to the changing cellular, environmental, and developmental cues. Mitochondria undergo constant mitochondrial fission and fusion, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitophagy, which coordinately control mitochondrial morphology, quantity, quality, turnover, and inheritance. Mitophagy is a cellular process that selectively removes the aged and damaged mitochondria via the specific sequestration and engulfment of mitochondria for subsequent lysosomal degradation. It plays a pivotal role in reinstating cellular homeostasis in normal physiology and conditions of stress. Damaged mitochondria may either instigate innate immunity through the overproduction of ROS or the release of mtDNA, or trigger cell death through the release of cytochrome c and other apoptogenic factors when mitochondria damage is beyond repair. Distinct molecular machineries and signaling pathways are found to regulate these mitochondrial dynamics and behaviors. It is less clear how mitochondrial behaviors are coordinated at molecular levels. BCL2 family proteins interact within family members to regulate mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and apoptosis. They were also described as global regulators of mitochondrial homeostasis and mitochondrial fate through their interaction with distinct partners including Drp1, mitofusins, PGAM5, and even LC3 that involved mitochondrial dynamics and behaviors. In this review, we summarize recent findings on molecular pathways governing mitophagy and its coordination with other mitochondrial behaviors, which together determine cellular fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, UMR 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yushan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rasmussen ML, Gama V. A connection in life and death: The BCL-2 family coordinates mitochondrial network dynamics and stem cell fate. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 353:255-284. [PMID: 32381177 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The B cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family of proteins control the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, also known as intrinsic apoptosis. Direct binding between members of the BCL-2 family regulates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) after an apoptotic insult. The ability of the cell to sense stress and translate it into a death signal has been a major theme of research for nearly three decades; however, other mechanisms by which the BCL-2 family coordinates cellular homeostasis beyond its role in initiating apoptosis are emerging. One developing area of research is understanding how the BCL-2 family of proteins regulate development using pluripotent stem cells as a model system. Understanding BCL-2 family-mediated regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis in cell death and beyond would uncover new facets of stem cell maintenance and differentiation potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Rasmussen
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Borrás C, Mas-Bargues C, Román-Domínguez A, Sanz-Ros J, Gimeno-Mallench L, Inglés M, Gambini J, Viña J. BCL-xL, a Mitochondrial Protein Involved in Successful Aging: From C. elegans to Human Centenarians. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020418. [PMID: 31936510 PMCID: PMC7014191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
B-Cell Lymphoma-extra-large (BCL-xL) is involved in longevity and successful aging, which indicates a role for BCL-xL in cell survival pathway regulation. Beyond its well described role as an inhibitor of apoptosis by preventing cytochrome c release, BCL-xL has also been related, indirectly, to autophagy and senescence pathways. Although in these latter cases, BCL-xL has dual roles, either activating or inhibiting, depending on the cell type and the specific conditions. Taken together, all these findings suggest a precise mechanism of action for BCL-xL, able to regulate the crosstalk between apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence, thus promoting cell survival or cell death. All three pathways can be both beneficial or detrimental depending on the circumstances. Thus, targeting BCL-xL would in turn be a "double-edge sword" and therefore, additional studies are needed to better comprehend this dual and apparently contradictory role of BCL-XL in longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Borrás
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Aurora Román-Domínguez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Jorge Sanz-Ros
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Lucia Gimeno-Mallench
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Marta Inglés
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Juan Gambini
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
| | - José Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yu R, Lendahl U, Nistér M, Zhao J. Regulation of Mammalian Mitochondrial Dynamics: Opportunities and Challenges. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:374. [PMID: 32595603 PMCID: PMC7300174 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles and important for a variety of cellular functions. They constantly undergo fission and fusion events, referred to as mitochondrial dynamics, which affects the shape, size, and number of mitochondria in the cell, as well as mitochondrial subcellular transport, mitochondrial quality control (mitophagy), and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Dysfunctional mitochondrial dynamics is associated with various human diseases. Mitochondrial dynamics is mediated by a set of mitochondria-shaping proteins in both yeast and mammals. In this review, we describe recent insights into the potential molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial fusion and fission, particularly highlighting the coordinating roles of different mitochondria-shaping proteins in the processes, as well as the roles of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the actin cytoskeleton and membrane phospholipids in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. We particularly focus on emerging roles for the mammalian mitochondrial proteins Fis1, Mff, and MIEFs (MIEF1 and MIEF2) in regulating the recruitment of the cytosolic Drp1 to the surface of mitochondria and how these proteins, especially Fis1, mediate crosstalk between the mitochondrial fission and fusion machineries. In summary, this review provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of mammalian mitochondrial dynamics and the involvement of these mechanisms in apoptosis and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yu
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monica Nistér
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Monica Nistér
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Jian Zhao
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li M, Wang D, He J, Chen L, Li H. Bcl-X L: A multifunctional anti-apoptotic protein. Pharmacol Res 2020; 151:104547. [PMID: 31734345 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-XL) is one of the anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family that is localized in the mitochondria. Bcl-XL is one of the key regulators of apoptosis that can also regulate other important cellular functions. Bcl-XL is overexpressed in many cancers, and its inhibitors have shown good therapeutic effects. Bcl-XL interacts with Beclin 1, a key factor regulating autophagy. Bcl-XL is essential for the survival of neurons and plays protective roles in neuronal injuries. It can promote the growth of neurons and the correct formation of neural networks, enhance synaptic plasticity, and control neurotoxicity. Bcl-XL can also promote the transport of Ca2+ to mitochondria, increase the production of ATP, and improve metabolic efficiency. In addition, targeting Bcl-XL has shown potential value in autoimmune diseases and aging. In this review, we summarize the functions of Bcl-XL in cancer, autophagy, Ca2+ signaling, neuroprotection, neuronal growth and synaptic plasticity, energy metabolism, immunity, and senescence as revealed by investigations conducted in the past 10 years. Moreover, we list some inhibitors that have been developed based on the functions of Bcl-XL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dun Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jianhua He
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Danese A, Marchi S, Vitto VAM, Modesti L, Leo S, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Cancer-Related Increases and Decreases in Calcium Signaling at the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Interface (MAMs). Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 185:153-193. [PMID: 32789789 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria regions are specialized subdomains called also mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). MAMs allow regulation of lipid synthesis and represent hubs for ion and metabolite signaling. As these two organelles can module both the amplitude and the spatiotemporal patterns of calcium (Ca2+) signals, this particular interaction controls several Ca2+-dependent pathways well known for their contribution to tumorigenesis, such as metabolism, survival, sensitivity to cell death, and metastasis. Mitochondria-mediated apoptosis arises from mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane, and the release of mitochondrial apoptotic factors into the cytosol. Decreases in Ca2+ signaling at the ER-mitochondria interface are being studied in depth as failure of apoptotic-dependent cell death is one of the predominant characteristics of cancer cells. However, some recent papers that linked MAMs Ca2+ crosstalk-related upregulation to tumor onset and progression have aroused the interest of the scientific community.In this review, we will describe how different MAMs-localized proteins modulate the effectiveness of Ca2+-dependent apoptotic stimuli by causing both increases and decreases in the ER-mitochondria interplay and, specifically, by modulating Ca2+ signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Danese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Veronica Angela Maria Vitto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Modesti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Leo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Alpha-Tocotrienol Prevents Oxidative Stress-Mediated Post-Translational Cleavage of Bcl-xL in Primary Hippocampal Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010220. [PMID: 31905614 PMCID: PMC6982044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) is an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl2 family of proteins, which supports neurite outgrowth and neurotransmission by improving mitochondrial function. During excitotoxic stimulation, however, Bcl-xL undergoes post-translational cleavage to ∆N-Bcl-xL, and accumulation of ∆N-Bcl-xL causes mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death. In this study, we hypothesized that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during excitotoxicity leads to formation of ∆N-Bcl-xL. We further proposed that the application of an antioxidant with neuroprotective properties such as α-tocotrienol (TCT) will prevent ∆N-Bcl-xL-induced mitochondrial dysfunction via its antioxidant properties. Primary hippocampal neurons were treated with α-TCT, glutamate, or a combination of both. Glutamate challenge significantly increased cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS and ∆N-Bcl-xL levels. ∆N-Bcl-xL accumulation was accompanied by intracellular ATP depletion, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell death. α-TCT prevented loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in hippocampal neurons overexpressing ∆N-Bcl-xL, suggesting that ∆N-Bcl-xL caused the loss of mitochondrial function under excitotoxic conditions. Our data suggest that production of ROS is an important cause of ∆N-Bcl-xL formation and that preventing ROS production may be an effective strategy to prevent ∆N-Bcl-xL-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and thus promote neuronal survival.
Collapse
|
37
|
Tong J, Gao J, Liu Q, He C, Zhao X, Qi Y, Yuan T, Li P, Niu M, Wang D, Zhang L, Li W, Wang J, Zhang Z, Peng S. Resveratrol derivative excited postsynaptic potentiation specifically via PKCβ-NMDA receptor mediation. Pharmacol Res 2019; 152:104618. [PMID: 31891789 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several decades have passed since resveratrol (RSV) was first identified in red wine. Researchers have reported the pleiotropic anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-aging, and neuronal protective effects of resveratrol and its glycosylated derivative. However, few studies have distinguished the minute differences in the properties between resveratrol and its glycosylated derivative in terms of synaptic plasticity. As an abundant natural product of glycosylated resveratrol, the derivative 2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (TSG) has been determined to be a better option for long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus under physiological and pathological conditions than resveratrol. TSG, as well as its parent molecule RSV, could elicit early-LTP and recover fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the hippocampus. Using various modalities, including pre- and post-whole-cell patch clamping techniques in the calyx of Held, pharmacological inhibition of the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAr) and the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor (AMPAr) as well as protein kinase C (PKC) activation, we demonstrated that TSG, unlike RSV, could merely promote NMDA-mediated EPSC via PKCβ cascade. Our results provide new knowledge that glycosylation of resveratrol could significantly improve its specificity in promoting sole NMDAr mediation of EPSPs, in addition to improving solubility and resistance against oxidation in vivo. These observations could contribute to further exploration of pharmaceutical evaluation of glycosylated stilbene in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tong
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 435000, China
| | - Jingjing Gao
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 435000, China
| | - Qingzhen Liu
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 435000, China
| | - Chenyang He
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 435000, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 435000, China
| | - Yawei Qi
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 435000, China
| | - Tiangang Yuan
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 435000, China
| | - Pengyan Li
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ming Niu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dongyao Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Le Zhang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Weiyong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Zhongjian Zhang
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 435000, China.
| | - Shiyong Peng
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 435000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ma Y, Du M, Yang F, Mai Z, Zhang C, Qu W, Wang B, Wang X, Chen T. Quantifying the inhibitory effect of Bcl-xl on the action of Mff using live-cell fluorescence imaging. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:2041-2051. [PMID: 31587505 PMCID: PMC6886297 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission regulates mitochondrial function and morphology, and has been linked to apoptosis. The mitochondrial fission factor (Mff), a tail‐anchored membrane protein, induces excessive mitochondrial fission, contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Here, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of Bcl‐xl, an antiapoptotic protein, on the action of Mff by using live‐cell fluorescence imaging. Microscopic imaging analysis showed that overexpression of Mff induced mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis, which were reversed by coexpression of Bcl‐xl. Microscopic imaging and live‐cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis demonstrated that Bcl‐xl reconstructs the Mff network from punctate distribution of higher‐order oligomers to filamentous distribution of lower‐order oligomers. Live‐cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer two‐hybrid assay showed that Bcl‐xl interacted with Mff to form heterogenous oligomers with 1 : 2 stoichiometry in cytoplasm and 1 : 1 stoichiometry on mitochondria, indicating that two Bcl‐xl molecules primarily interact with four Mff molecules in cytoplasm, but with two Mff molecules on mitochondria. Mitochondrial fission factor (Mff)‐mediated mitochondrial fission is positively correlated with the self‐oligomerization of Mff. Bcl‐xl directly interacts with Mff to prevent Mff‐mediated mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Bcl‐xl interacts with Mff to form heterogenous hexamers with 1 : 2 stoichiometry in cytoplasm and heterogenous tetramers with 1 : 1 stoichiometry on the mitochondrial membrane, respectively.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyan Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Mai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenshuang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Qu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Devine MJ, Kittler JT. Mitochondria at the neuronal presynapse in health and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2019; 19:63-80. [PMID: 29348666 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Synapses enable neurons to communicate with each other and are therefore a prerequisite for normal brain function. Presynaptically, this communication requires energy and generates large fluctuations in calcium concentrations. Mitochondria are optimized for supplying energy and buffering calcium, and they are actively recruited to presynapses. However, not all presynapses contain mitochondria; thus, how might synapses with and without mitochondria differ? Mitochondria are also increasingly recognized to serve additional functions at the presynapse. Here, we discuss the importance of presynaptic mitochondria in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and how dysfunctional presynaptic mitochondria might contribute to the development of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Devine
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Josef T Kittler
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chandra R, Engeln M, Schiefer C, Patton MH, Martin JA, Werner CT, Riggs LM, Francis TC, McGlincy M, Evans B, Nam H, Das S, Girven K, Konkalmatt P, Gancarz AM, Golden SA, Iñiguez SD, Russo SJ, Turecki G, Mathur BN, Creed M, Dietz DM, Lobo MK. Drp1 Mitochondrial Fission in D1 Neurons Mediates Behavioral and Cellular Plasticity during Early Cocaine Abstinence. Neuron 2019; 96:1327-1341.e6. [PMID: 29268097 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Altered brain energy homeostasis is a key adaptation occurring in the cocaine-addicted brain, but the effect of cocaine on the fundamental source of energy, mitochondria, is unknown. We demonstrate an increase of dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1), the mitochondrial fission mediator, in nucleus accumbens (NAc) after repeated cocaine exposure and in cocaine-dependent individuals. Mdivi-1, a demonstrated fission inhibitor, blunts cocaine seeking and locomotor sensitization, while blocking c-Fos induction and excitatory input onto dopamine receptor-1 (D1) containing NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Drp1 and fission promoting Drp1 are increased in D1-MSNs, consistent with increased smaller mitochondria in D1-MSN dendrites after repeated cocaine. Knockdown of Drp1 in D1-MSNs blocks drug seeking after cocaine self-administration, while enhancing the fission promoting Drp1 enhances seeking after long-term abstinence from cocaine. We demonstrate a role for altered mitochondrial fission in the NAc, during early cocaine abstinence, suggesting potential therapeutic treatment of disrupting mitochondrial fission in cocaine addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michel Engeln
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Schiefer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary H Patton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A Martin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Research Institution on Addictions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Craig T Werner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Research Institution on Addictions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lace M Riggs
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T Chase Francis
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Madeleine McGlincy
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brianna Evans
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hyungwoo Nam
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shweta Das
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kasey Girven
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Prasad Konkalmatt
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Amy M Gancarz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Research Institution on Addictions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sam A Golden
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergio D Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Scott J Russo
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Brian N Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meaghan Creed
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David M Dietz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Research Institution on Addictions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mary Kay Lobo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen R, Park HA, Mnatsakanyan N, Niu Y, Licznerski P, Wu J, Miranda P, Graham M, Tang J, Boon AJW, Cossu G, Mandemakers W, Bonifati V, Smith PJS, Alavian KN, Jonas EA. Parkinson's disease protein DJ-1 regulates ATP synthase protein components to increase neuronal process outgrowth. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:469. [PMID: 31197129 PMCID: PMC6565618 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Familial Parkinson’s disease (PD) protein DJ-1 mutations are linked to early onset PD. We have found that DJ-1 binds directly to the F1FO ATP synthase β subunit. DJ-1’s interaction with the β subunit decreased mitochondrial uncoupling and enhanced ATP production efficiency while in contrast mutations in DJ-1 or DJ-1 knockout increased mitochondrial uncoupling, and depolarized neuronal mitochondria. In mesencephalic DJ-1 KO cultures, there was a progressive loss of neuronal process extension. This was ameliorated by a pharmacological reagent, dexpramipexole, that binds to ATP synthase, closing a mitochondrial inner membrane leak and enhancing ATP synthase efficiency. ATP synthase c-subunit can form an uncoupling channel; we measured, therefore, ATP synthase F1 (β subunit) and c-subunit protein levels. We found that ATP synthase β subunit protein level in the DJ-1 KO neurons was approximately half that found in their wild-type counterparts, comprising a severe defect in ATP synthase stoichiometry and unmasking c-subunit. We suggest that DJ-1 enhances dopaminergic cell metabolism and growth by its regulation of ATP synthase protein components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongmin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Han-A Park
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yulong Niu
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pawel Licznerski
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paige Miranda
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Morven Graham
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jack Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Agnita J W Boon
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Cossu
- Neurology Service and Stroke Unit, Brotzu General Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Wim Mandemakers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J S Smith
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England.,Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Kambiz N Alavian
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA.,Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mitochondria and the Brain: Bioenergetics and Beyond. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:219-238. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
43
|
Rastogi A, Joshi P, Contreras E, Gama V. Remodeling of mitochondrial morphology and function: an emerging hallmark of cellular reprogramming. Cell Stress 2019; 3:181-194. [PMID: 31225513 PMCID: PMC6558935 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.06.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in the stem cell field has traditionally focused on understanding key transcriptional factors that provide pluripotent cell identity. However, much less is known about other critical non-transcriptional signaling networks that govern stem cell identity. Although we continue to gain critical insights into the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial morphology and function during cellular reprogramming – the process of reverting the fate of a differentiated cell into a stem cell, many uncertainties remain. Recent studies suggest an emerging landscape in which mitochondrial morphology and function have an active role in maintaining and regulating changes in cell identity. In this review, we will focus on these emerging concepts as crucial modulators of cellular reprogramming. Recognition of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increase our understanding of the mitochondrial mechanisms involved in cell identity, cell fate and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Rastogi
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Piyush Joshi
- Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Ela Contreras
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240.,Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240.,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vantaggiato C, Castelli M, Giovarelli M, Orso G, Bassi MT, Clementi E, De Palma C. The Fine Tuning of Drp1-Dependent Mitochondrial Remodeling and Autophagy Controls Neuronal Differentiation. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:120. [PMID: 31019453 PMCID: PMC6458285 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in neuronal function and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, that show mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with excessive fission and increased levels of the fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). Our data demonstrate that Drp1 regulates the transcriptional program induced by retinoic acid (RA), leading to neuronal differentiation. When Drp1 was overexpressed, mitochondria underwent remodeling but failed to elongate and this enhanced autophagy and apoptosis. When Drp1 was blocked during differentiation by overexpressing the dominant negative form or was silenced, mitochondria maintained the same elongated shape, without remodeling and this increased cell death. The enhanced apoptosis, observed with both fragmented or elongated mitochondria, was associated with increased induction of unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER-associated degradation (ERAD) processes that finally affect neuronal differentiation. These findings suggest that physiological fission and mitochondrial remodeling, associated with early autophagy induction are essential for neuronal differentiation. We thus reveal the importance of mitochondrial changes to generate viable neurons and highlight that, rather than multiple parallel events, mitochondrial changes, autophagy and apoptosis proceed in a stepwise fashion during neuronal differentiation affecting the nuclear transcriptional program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Vantaggiato
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Lecco, Italy
| | - Marianna Castelli
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Lecco, Italy
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Genny Orso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Lecco, Italy
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Lecco, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nutritional Regulators of Bcl-xL in the Brain. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23113019. [PMID: 30463183 PMCID: PMC6278276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23113019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) is an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein found in the mitochondrial membrane. Bcl-xL is reported to support normal brain development and protects neurons against toxic stimulation during pathological process via its roles in regulation of mitochondrial functions. Despite promising evidence showing neuroprotective properties of Bcl-xL, commonly applied molecular approaches such as genetic manipulation may not be readily applicable for human subjects. Therefore, findings at the bench may be slow to be translated into treatments for disease. Currently, there is no FDA approved application that specifically targets Bcl-xL and treats brain-associated pathology in humans. In this review, we will discuss naturally occurring nutrients that may exhibit regulatory effects on Bcl-xL expression or activity, thus potentially providing affordable, readily-applicable, easy, and safe strategies to protect the brain.
Collapse
|
46
|
Novel Rhodanine Derivative, 5-[4-(4-Fluorophenoxy) phenyl]methylene-3-{4-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl) propoxy]phenyl}-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone dihydrochloride, Induces Apoptosis via Mitochondria Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112895. [PMID: 30404185 PMCID: PMC6278386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that 5-[4-(4-fluorophenoxy) phenyl] methylene-3-{4-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propoxy]phenyl}-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone dihydrochloride (KSK05104) has potent, selective and metabolically stable IKKβ inhibitory activities. However, the apoptosis-inducing of KSK05104 and its underlying mechanism have not yet been elucidated in human colon cancer cells. We show that KSK05104 triggered apoptosis, as indicated by externalization of Annexin V-targeted phosphatidylserine residues in HT-29 and HCT-116 cells. KSK05104 induced the activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3, and the cleavage of poly (ADP ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). KSK05104-induced apoptosis was significantly suppressed by pretreatment with z-VAD-fmk (a broad caspase inhibitor). KSK05104 also induced release of cytochrome c (Cyt c), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), and endonuclease G (Endo G) by damaging mitochondria, resulting in caspase-dependent and -independent apoptotic cell death. KSK05104 triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and changed the intracellular calcium level ([Ca2+]i). Interestingly, treatment with KSK05104 activated not only ER stress marker proteins including inositol-requiring enzyme 1-alpha (IRE-1α) and protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), but also μ-calpain, and caspase-12 in a time-dependent manner. KSK05104-induced apoptosis substantially decreased in the presence of BAPTA/AM (an intracellular calcium chelator). Taken together, these results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress contribute to KSK05104-induced apoptosis in human colon cancer cells.
Collapse
|
47
|
Ghahremani R, Damirchi A, Salehi I, Komaki A, Esposito F. Mitochondrial dynamics as an underlying mechanism involved in aerobic exercise training-induced cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2018; 213:102-108. [PMID: 30355530 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ischemia-reperfusion injury is one of the most common cardiac disorders leading to irreversible heart damage. Many underlying mechanisms seem to be involved, among which mitochondrial dysfunction. Since physical training has a beneficial effect on mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission), it may have a cardioprotective effect against IR injury also via mitochondrial pathways. This study investigates the protective role of aerobic training against cardiac IR injury and the mitochondrial dynamics as a possible mechanism. MAIN METHODS Thirty-two male Wistar rats (8-week old) were divided into a control, sham, control + IR, and training + IR groups (8 rats each). Training group was exercised aerobically on a treadmill for 8 weeks (5 days/week). After 8 weeks, anesthetized rats underwent a left thoracotomy (sham, control + IR, and training + IR groups) to access the left anterior descending coronary artery, which was occluded by a silk suture for 30 min and released for 90 min of reperfusion (IR groups). Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to determine the infarct size. The gene expression of mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) was evaluated by RT-PCR. A one-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis with the significance level set at P ≤ 0.05. KEY FINDINGS Cardiac infarct size was smaller In training + IR group (20.24 ± 5.7%) than in control + IR (35.9 ± 2.3%; P ≤ 0.05). Training + IR showed higher expression of Mfn1 and Mfn2 (P ≤ 0.05). Conversely, Drp1 expression was lower after training (P ≤ 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Exercise-induced regulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission, leading to improvement of mitochondrial dynamics seems to be involved in the cardioprotection against IR injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghahremani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arsalan Damirchi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Stykel MG, Humphries K, Kirby MP, Czaniecki C, Wang T, Ryan T, Bamm V, Ryan SD. Nitration of microtubules blocks axonal mitochondrial transport in a human pluripotent stem cell model of Parkinson's disease. FASEB J 2018; 32:5350-5364. [PMID: 29688812 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700759rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with aberrant mitochondrial function in dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. An association has been reported between PD onset and exposure to mitochondrial toxins, including the agrochemicals paraquat (PQ), maneb (MB), and rotenone (Rot). Here, with the use of a patient-derived stem cell model of PD, allowing comparison of DA neurons harboring a mutation in the α-synuclein (α-syn) gene ( SNCA-A53T) against isogenic, mutation-corrected controls, we describe a novel mechanism whereby NO, generated from SNCA-A53T mutant neurons exposed to Rot or PQ/MB, inhibits anterograde mitochondrial transport through nitration of α-tubulin (α-Tub). Nitration of α-Tub inhibited the association of both α-syn and the mitochondrial motor protein kinesin 5B with the microtubules, arresting anterograde transport. This was, in part, a result of nitration of α-Tub in the C-terminal domain. These effects were rescued by inhibiting NO synthesis with the NOS inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Collectively, our results are the first to demonstrate a gene by environment interaction in PD, whereby agrochemical exposure selectively triggers a deficit in mitochondrial transport by nitrating the microtubules in neurons harboring the SNCA-A53T mutation.-Stykel, M. G., Humphries, K., Kirby, M. P., Czaniecki, C., Wang, T., Ryan, T., Bamm, V., Ryan, S. D. Nitration of microtubules blocks axonal mitochondrial transport in a human pluripotent stem cell model of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan G Stykel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kayla Humphries
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mathew P Kirby
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Czaniecki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tinya Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tammy Ryan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vladimir Bamm
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott D Ryan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Scintillon Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
The mitochondrial dynamics in cancer and immune-surveillance. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:29-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
50
|
Pfeiffer A, Schneider J, Bueno D, Dolga A, Voss TD, Lewerenz J, Wüllner V, Methner A. Bcl-x L knockout attenuates mitochondrial respiration and causes oxidative stress that is compensated by pentose phosphate pathway activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:350-359. [PMID: 28807815 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-xL is an anti-apoptotic protein that localizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane and influences mitochondrial bioenergetics by controlling Ca2+ influx into mitochondria. Here, we analyzed the effect of mitochondrial Bcl-xL on mitochondrial shape and function in knockout (KO), wild type and rescued mouse embryonic fibroblast cell lines. Mitochondria of KO cells were more fragmented, exhibited a reduced ATP concentration, and reduced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) suggesting an increased importance of ATP generation by other means. Under steady-state conditions, acidification of the growth medium as a readout for glycolysis was similar, but upon inhibition of ATP synthase with oligomycin, KO cells displayed an instant increase in glycolysis. In addition, forced energy production through OXPHOS by replacing glucose with galactose in the growth medium rendered KO cells more susceptible to mitochondrial toxins. KO cells had increased cellular reactive oxygen species and were more susceptible to oxidative stress, but had higher glutathione levels, which were however more rapidly consumed under conditions of oxidative stress. This coincided with an increased activity and protein abundance of the pentose phosphate pathway protein glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which generates NADPH necessary to regenerate reduced glutathione. KO cells were also less susceptible to pharmacological inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway. We conclude that mitochondrial Bcl-xL is involved in maintaining mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Its deficiency causes oxidative stress, which is associated with an increased glycolytic capacity and balanced by an increased activity of the pentose phosphate pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Pfeiffer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Diones Bueno
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Amalia Dolga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Timo-Daniel Voss
- Universitäts, und Rehabilitationskliniken Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Lewerenz
- Universitäts, und Rehabilitationskliniken Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Verena Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel Methner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|