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das Neves SP, Delivanoglou N, Ren Y, Cucuzza CS, Makuch M, Almeida F, Sanchez G, Barber MJ, Rego S, Schrader R, Faroqi AH, Thomas JL, McLean PJ, Oliveira TG, Irani SR, Piehl F, Da Mesquita S. Meningeal lymphatic function promotes oligodendrocyte survival and brain myelination. Immunity 2024:S1074-7613(24)00377-7. [PMID: 39217987 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The precise neurophysiological changes prompted by meningeal lymphatic dysfunction remain unclear. Here, we showed that inducing meningeal lymphatic vessel ablation in adult mice led to gene expression changes in glial cells, followed by reductions in mature oligodendrocyte numbers and specific lipid species in the brain. These phenomena were accompanied by altered meningeal adaptive immunity and brain myeloid cell activation. During brain remyelination, meningeal lymphatic dysfunction provoked a state of immunosuppression in the brain that contributed to delayed spontaneous oligodendrocyte replenishment and axonal loss. The deficiencies in mature oligodendrocytes and neuroinflammation due to impaired meningeal lymphatic function were solely recapitulated in immunocompetent mice. Patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis presented reduced vascular endothelial growth factor C in the cerebrospinal fluid, particularly shortly after clinical relapses, possibly indicative of poor meningeal lymphatic function. These data demonstrate that meningeal lymphatics regulate oligodendrocyte function and brain myelination, which might have implications for human demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia P das Neves
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Yingxue Ren
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Chiara Starvaggi Cucuzza
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Neurology, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm Health Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mateusz Makuch
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francisco Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Guadalupe Sanchez
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Megan J Barber
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Shanon Rego
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Post-baccalaureate Research Education Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Racquelle Schrader
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Post-baccalaureate Research Education Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Ayman H Faroqi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Jean-Leon Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Paris Brain Institute, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06 UMRS1127, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Paris, France
| | - Pamela J McLean
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Tiago Gil Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Neuroradiology, Hospital de Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sarosh R Irani
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Neurology, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm Health Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandro Da Mesquita
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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2
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Seiler S, Rudolf F, Gomes FR, Pavlovic A, Nebel J, Seidenbecher CI, Foo LC. Astrocyte-derived factors regulate CNS myelination. Glia 2024. [PMID: 39092473 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The role that astrocytes play in central nervous system (CNS) myelination is poorly understood. We investigated the contribution of astrocyte-derived factors to myelination and revealed a substantial overlap in the secretomes of human and rat astrocytes. Using in vitro myelinating co-cultures of primary retinal ganglion cells and cortical oligodendrocyte precursor cells, we discovered that factors secreted by resting astrocytes, but not reactive astrocytes, facilitated myelination. Soluble brevican emerged as a new enhancer of developmental myelination in vivo, CNS and its absence was linked to remyelination deficits following an immune-mediated damage in an EAE mouse model. The observed reduction of brevican expression in reactive astrocytes and human MS lesions suggested a potential link to the compromised remyelination characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Our findings suggested brevican's role in myelination may be mediated through interactions with binding partners such as contactin-1 and tenascin-R. Proteomic analysis of resting versus reactive astrocytes highlighted a shift in protein expression profiles, pinpointing candidates that either facilitate or impede CNS repair, suggesting that depending on their reactivity state, astrocytes play a dual role during myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Seiler
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche, pRED, Neuroscience, Discovery & Translational Area (NRD), Basel, Switzerland
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Rudolf
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche, pRED, Neuroscience, Discovery & Translational Area (NRD), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Filipa Ramilo Gomes
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche, pRED, Neuroscience, Discovery & Translational Area (NRD), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anto Pavlovic
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche, pRED, Neuroscience, Discovery & Translational Area (NRD), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jana Nebel
- Department Neurochemistry & Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Constanze I Seidenbecher
- Department Neurochemistry & Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lynette C Foo
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche, pRED, Neuroscience, Discovery & Translational Area (NRD), Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Ibrahim SM, Kamel AS, Ahmed KA, Mohammed RA, Essam RM. The preferential effect of Clemastine on F3/Contactin-1/Notch-1 compared to Jagged-1/Notch-1 justifies its remyelinating effect in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111481. [PMID: 38232534 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Clemastine (CLM) is repurposed to enhance remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. CLM blocks histamine and muscarinic receptors as negative regulators to oligodendrocyte differentiation. These receptors are linked to the canonical and non-canonical Notch-1 signaling via specific ligands; Jagged-1 and F3/Contactin-1, respectively. Yet, there are no previous studies showing the influence of CLM on Notch entities. Herein, the study aimed to investigate to which extent CLM aligns to one of the two Notch-1 arms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) rat model. Three groups were utilized where first group received vehicles. The second group was injected by spinal cord homogenate mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant on days 0 and 7. In the third group, CLM (5 mg/kg/day; p.o) was administered for 15 days starting from the day of the first immunization. CLM ameliorated EAE-associated motor and gripping impairment in rotarod, open-field, and grip strength arena beside sensory anomalies in hot plate, cold allodynia, and mechanical Randall-Selitto tests. Additionally, CLM alleviated depressive mood observed in tail suspension test. These findings harmonized with histopathological examinations of Luxol-fast blue stain together with enhanced immunostaining of myelin basic protein and oligodendrocyte lineage gene 2 in corpus callosum and spinal cord. Additionally, CLM enhanced oligodendrocyte myelination and maturation by increasing 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, proteolipid protein, aspartoacylase as well. CLM restored the level of F3/Contactin-1 in the diseased rats over Jagged-1 level; the ligand of the canonical pathway. This was accompanied by elevated gene expression of Deltex-1 and reduced hairy and enhancer-of-split homologs 1 and 5. Additionally, CLM suppressed microglial and astrocyte activation via reducing the expression of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein, respectively. These results outlined the remyelinating beneficence of CLM which could be due to augmenting the non-canonical Notch-1 signaling over the canonical one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherehan M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Reham A Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham M Essam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
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Dalton GD, Siecinski SK, Nikolova VD, Cofer GP, Hornburg K, Qi Y, Johnson GA, Jiang YH, Moy SS, Gregory SG. Transcriptome Analysis Identifies An ASD-Like Phenotype In Oligodendrocytes And Microglia From C58/J Amygdala That Is Dependent On Sex and Sociability. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.15.575733. [PMID: 38293238 PMCID: PMC10827122 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.15.575733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with higher incidence in males and is characterized by atypical verbal/nonverbal communication, restricted interests that can be accompanied by repetitive behavior, and disturbances in social behavior. This study investigated brain mechanisms that contribute to sociability deficits and sex differences in an ASD animal model. Methods Sociability was measured in C58/J and C57BL/6J mice using the 3-chamber social choice test. Bulk RNA-Seq and snRNA-Seq identified transcriptional changes in C58/J and C57BL/6J amygdala within which DMRseq was used to measure differentially methylated regions in amygdala. Results C58/J mice displayed divergent social strata in the 3-chamber test. Transcriptional and pathway signatures revealed immune-related biological processes differ between C58/J and C57BL/6J amygdala. Hypermethylated and hypomethylated genes were identified in C58/J versus C57BL/6J amygdala. snRNA-Seq data in C58/J amygdala identified differential transcriptional signatures within oligodendrocytes and microglia characterized by increased ASD risk gene expression and predicted impaired myelination that was dependent on sex and sociability. RNA velocity, gene regulatory network, and cell communication analysis showed diminished oligodendrocyte/microglia differentiation. Findings were verified using bulk RNA-Seq and demonstrated oxytocin's beneficial effects on myelin gene expression. Limitations Our findings are significant. However, limitations can be noted. The cellular mechanisms linking reduced oligodendrocyte differentiation and reduced myelination to an ASD phenotype in C58/J mice need further investigation. Additional snRNA-Seq and spatial studies would determine if effects in oligodendrocytes/microglia are unique to amygdala or if this occurs in other brain regions. Oxytocin's effects need further examination to understand its potential as an ASD therapeutic. Conclusions Our work demonstrates the C58/J mouse model's utility in evaluating the influence of sex and sociability on the transcriptome in concomitant brain regions involved in ASD. Our single-nucleus transcriptome analysis elucidates potential pathological roles of oligodendrocytes and microglia in ASD. This investigation provides details regarding regulatory features disrupted in these cell types, including transcriptional gene dysregulation, aberrant cell differentiation, altered gene regulatory networks, and changes to key pathways that promote microglia/oligodendrocyte differentiation. Our studies provide insight into interactions between genetic risk and epigenetic processes associated with divergent affiliative behavior and lack of positive sociability.
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5
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Ogawa Y, Lim BC, George S, Oses-Prieto JA, Rasband JM, Eshed-Eisenbach Y, Hamdan H, Nair S, Boato F, Peles E, Burlingame AL, Van Aelst L, Rasband MN. Antibody-directed extracellular proximity biotinylation reveals that Contactin-1 regulates axo-axonic innervation of axon initial segments. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6797. [PMID: 37884508 PMCID: PMC10603070 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon initial segment (AIS) cell surface proteins mediate key biological processes in neurons including action potential initiation and axo-axonic synapse formation. However, few AIS cell surface proteins have been identified. Here, we use antibody-directed proximity biotinylation to define the cell surface proteins in close proximity to the AIS cell adhesion molecule Neurofascin. To determine the distributions of the identified proteins, we use CRISPR-mediated genome editing for insertion of epitope tags in the endogenous proteins. We identify Contactin-1 (Cntn1) as an AIS cell surface protein. Cntn1 is enriched at the AIS through interactions with Neurofascin and NrCAM. We further show that Cntn1 contributes to assembly of the AIS extracellular matrix, and regulates AIS axo-axonic innervation by inhibitory basket cells in the cerebellum and inhibitory chandelier cells in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ogawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian C Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shanu George
- Division of Neuroscience, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua M Rasband
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yael Eshed-Eisenbach
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hamdan Hamdan
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Supna Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Francesco Boato
- Division of Neuroscience, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Elior Peles
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Linda Van Aelst
- Division of Neuroscience, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Matthew N Rasband
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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6
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Appeltshauser L, Linke J, Heil HS, Karus C, Schenk J, Hemmen K, Sommer C, Doppler K, Heinze KG. Super-resolution imaging pinpoints the periodic ultrastructure at the human node of Ranvier and its disruption in patients with polyneuropathy. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 182:106139. [PMID: 37146836 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The node of Ranvier is the key element in saltatory conduction along myelinated axons, but its specific protein organization remains elusive in the human species. To shed light on nanoscale anatomy of the human node of Ranvier in health and disease, we assessed human nerve biopsies of patients with polyneuropathy by super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. We applied direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) and supported our data by high-content confocal imaging combined with deep learning-based analysis. As a result, we revealed a ~ 190 nm periodic protein arrangement of cytoskeletal proteins and axoglial cell adhesion molecules in human peripheral nerves. In patients with polyneuropathy, periodic distances increased at the paranodal region of the node of Ranvier, both at the axonal cytoskeleton and at the axoglial junction. In-depth image analysis revealed a partial loss of proteins of the axoglial complex (Caspr-1, neurofascin-155) in combination with detachment from the cytoskeletal anchor protein ß2-spectrin. High content analysis showed that such paranodal disorganization occurred especially in acute and severe axonal neuropathy with ongoing Wallerian degeneration and related cytoskeletal damage. We provide nanoscale and protein-specific evidence for the prominent, but vulnerable role of the node of Ranvier for axonal integrity. Furthermore, we show that super-resolution imaging can identify, quantify and map elongated periodic protein distances and protein interaction in histopathological tissue samples. We thus introduce a promising tool for further translational applications of super resolution microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janis Linke
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hannah S Heil
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Optical Cell Biology, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Christine Karus
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Schenk
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katherina Hemmen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Sommer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Doppler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Katrin G Heinze
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Hou J, Zhou Y, Cai Z, Terekhova M, Swain A, Andhey PS, Guimaraes RM, Ulezko Antonova A, Qiu T, Sviben S, Strout G, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Chen Y, Gilfillan S, Kim DH, Van Dyken SJ, Artyomov MN, Colonna M. Transcriptomic atlas and interaction networks of brain cells in mouse CNS demyelination and remyelination. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112293. [PMID: 36952346 PMCID: PMC10511667 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Demyelination is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis, leukoencephalopathies, cerebral vasculopathies, and several neurodegenerative diseases. The cuprizone mouse model is widely used to simulate demyelination and remyelination occurring in these diseases. Here, we present a high-resolution single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) analysis of gene expression changes across all brain cells in this model. We define demyelination-associated oligodendrocytes (DOLs) and remyelination-associated MAFBhi microglia, as well as astrocytes and vascular cells with signatures of altered metabolism, oxidative stress, and interferon response. Furthermore, snRNA-seq provides insights into how brain cell types connect and interact, defining complex circuitries that impact demyelination and remyelination. As an explicative example, perturbation of microglia caused by TREM2 deficiency indirectly impairs the induction of DOLs. Altogether, this study provides a rich resource for future studies investigating mechanisms underlying demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Hou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yingyue Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhangying Cai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marina Terekhova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amanda Swain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Prabhakar S Andhey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rafaela M Guimaraes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Alina Ulezko Antonova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sanja Sviben
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gregory Strout
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James A J Fitzpatrick
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Do-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven J Van Dyken
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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8
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Ogawa Y, Lim BC, George S, Oses-Prieto JA, Rasband JM, Eshed-Eisenbach Y, Nair S, Boato F, Peles E, Burlingame AL, Van Aelst L, Rasband MN. Antibody-directed extracellular proximity biotinylation reveals Contactin-1 regulates axo-axonic innervation of axon initial segments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.531378. [PMID: 36945454 PMCID: PMC10028829 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Axon initial segment (AIS) cell surface proteins mediate key biological processes in neurons including action potential initiation and axo-axonic synapse formation. However, few AIS cell surface proteins have been identified. Here, we used antibody-directed proximity biotinylation to define the cell surface proteins in close proximity to the AIS cell adhesion molecule Neurofascin. To determine the distributions of the identified proteins, we used CRISPR-mediated genome editing for insertion of epitope tags in the endogenous proteins. We found Contactin-1 (Cntn1) among the previously unknown AIS proteins we identified. Cntn1 is enriched at the AIS through interactions with Neurofascin and NrCAM. We further show that Cntn1 contributes to assembly of the AIS-extracellular matrix, and is required for AIS axo-axonic innervation by inhibitory basket cells in the cerebellum and inhibitory chandelier cells in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ogawa
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian C. Lim
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shanu George
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Division of Neuroscience, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Juan A. Oses-Prieto
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua M. Rasband
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yael Eshed-Eisenbach
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Supna Nair
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Francesco Boato
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Division of Neuroscience, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Elior Peles
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alma L. Burlingame
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Linda Van Aelst
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Division of Neuroscience, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Matthew N. Rasband
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Houston, TX, USA
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9
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Cortés E, Pak JS, Özkan E. Structure and evolution of neuronal wiring receptors and ligands. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:27-60. [PMID: 35727136 PMCID: PMC10084454 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the fundamental properties of a neuronal circuit is the map of its connections. The cellular and developmental processes that allow for the growth of axons and dendrites, selection of synaptic targets, and formation of functional synapses use neuronal surface receptors and their interactions with other surface receptors, secreted ligands, and matrix molecules. Spatiotemporal regulation of the expression of these receptors and cues allows for specificity in the developmental pathways that wire stereotyped circuits. The families of molecules controlling axon guidance and synapse formation are generally conserved across animals, with some important exceptions, which have consequences for neuronal connectivity. Here, we summarize the distribution of such molecules across multiple taxa, with a focus on model organisms, evolutionary processes that led to the multitude of such molecules, and functional consequences for the diversification or loss of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cortés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph S Pak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Engin Özkan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Loonstra FC, de Ruiter LRJ, Koel-Simmelink MJA, Schoonheim MM, Strijbis EMM, Moraal B, Barkhof F, Uitdehaag BMJ, Teunissen C, Killestein J. Neuroaxonal and Glial Markers in Patients of the Same Age With Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 10:10/2/e200078. [PMID: 36543540 PMCID: PMC9773420 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The specificity of novel blood biomarkers for multiple sclerosis (MS)-related neurodegeneration is unclear because neurodegeneration also occurs during normal aging. To understand which aspects of neurodegeneration the serum biomarkers neurofilament light (sNfL), serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP), and serum contactin-1 (sCNTN1) reflect, we here explore their cross-sectional association with disability outcome measures and MRI volumes in a unique cohort of people with MS (PwMS) of the same age. METHODS sNfL, sGFAP (both singe-molecule array technology) and sCNTN1 (Luminex) were measured in serum samples of 288 PwMS and 125 healthy controls (HCs) of the Project Y cohort, a population-based cross-sectional study of PwMS born in the Netherlands in 1966 and age-matched HC. RESULTS sNfL (9.83 pg/mL [interquartile range {IQR}: 7.8-12.0]) and sGFAP (63.7 pg/mL [IQR: 48.5-84.5]) were higher in PwMS compared with HC (sNfL: 8.8 pg/mL [IQR: 7.0-10.5]; sGFAP: 51.7 pg/mL [IQR: 40.1-68.3]) (p < 0.001), whereas contactin-1 (7,461.3 pg/mL [IQR: 5,951.8-9,488.6]) did not significantly differ between PwMS compared with HC (7,891.2 pg/mL [IQR: 6,120.0-10,265.8]) (p = 0.068). sNfL and sGFAP levels were 1.2-fold higher in secondary progressive patients (SPMS) compared with relapsing remitting patients (p = 0.009 and p = 0.043). Stratified by MS subtype, no relations were seen for CNTN1, whereas sNfL and sGFAP correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (ρ = 0.43 and ρ = 0.39), Nine-Hole Peg Test, Timed 25-Foot Walk Test, and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (average ρ = 0.38) only in patients with SPMS. Parallel to these clinical findings, correlations were only found for sNfL and sGFAP with MRI volumes. The strongest correlations were observed between sNfL and thalamic volume (ρ = -0.52) and between sGFAP with deep gray matter volume (ρ = - 0.56) in primary progressive patients. DISCUSSION In our cohort of patients of the same age, we report consistent correlations of sNfL and sGFAP with a range of metrics, especially in progressive MS, whereas contactin-1 was not related to clinical or MRI measures. This demonstrates the potential of sNfL and sGFAP as complementary biomarkers of neurodegeneration, reflected by disability, in progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor C Loonstra
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Lodewijk R J de Ruiter
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Marleen J A Koel-Simmelink
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Menno M Schoonheim
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva M M Strijbis
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Bastiaan Moraal
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard M J Uitdehaag
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Teunissen
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Joep Killestein
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
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Bizzoca A, Jirillo E, Flace P, Gennarini G. Overall Role of Contactins Expression in Neurodevelopmental Events and Contribution to Neurological Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 22:CNSNDDT-EPUB-128217. [PMID: 36515028 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666221212160048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative disorders may depend upon a misregulation of the pathways which sustain neurodevelopmental control. In this context, this review article focuses on Friedreich ataxia (FA), a neurodegenerative disorder resulting from mutations within the gene encoding the Frataxin protein, which is involved in the control of mitochondrial function and oxidative metabolism. OBJECTIVE The specific aim of the present study concerns the FA molecular and cellular substrates, for which available transgenic mice models are proposed, including mutants undergoing misexpression of adhesive/morphoregulatory proteins, in particular belonging to the Contactin subset of the immunoglobulin supergene family. METHODS In both mutant and control mice, neurogenesis was explored by morphological/morphometric analysis through the expression of cell type-specific markers, including -tubulin, the Contactin-1 axonal adhesive glycoprotein, as well as the Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP). RESULTS Specific consequences were found to arise from the chosen misexpression approach, consisting of a neuronal developmental delay associated with glial upregulation. Protective effects against the arising phenotype resulted from antioxidants (essentially epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)) administration, which was demonstrated through the profiles of neuronal (-tubulin and Contactin 1) as well as glial (GFAP) markers, in turn indicating the concomitant activation of neurodegeneration and neuro repair processes. The latter also implied activation of the Notch-1 signaling. CONCLUSION Overall, this study supports the significance of changes in morphoregulatory proteins expression in the FA pathogenesis and of antioxidant administration in counteracting it, which, in turn, allows to devise potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Bizzoca
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs. Medical School. University of Bari. Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11. I-70124 Bari. Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs. Medical School. University of Bari. Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11. I-70124 Bari. Italy
| | - Paolo Flace
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs. Medical School. University of Bari. Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11. I-70124 Bari. Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gennarini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs. Medical School. University of Bari. Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11. I-70124 Bari. Italy
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12
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Lam M, Takeo K, Almeida RG, Cooper MH, Wu K, Iyer M, Kantarci H, Zuchero JB. CNS myelination requires VAMP2/3-mediated membrane expansion in oligodendrocytes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5583. [PMID: 36151203 PMCID: PMC9508103 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is required for rapid nerve signaling and is emerging as a key driver of CNS plasticity and disease. How myelin is built and remodeled remains a fundamental question of neurobiology. Central to myelination is the ability of oligodendrocytes to add vast amounts of new cell membrane, expanding their surface areas by many thousand-fold. However, how oligodendrocytes add new membrane to build or remodel myelin is not fully understood. Here, we show that CNS myelin membrane addition requires exocytosis mediated by the vesicular SNARE proteins VAMP2/3. Genetic inactivation of VAMP2/3 in myelinating oligodendrocytes caused severe hypomyelination and premature death without overt loss of oligodendrocytes. Through live imaging, we discovered that VAMP2/3-mediated exocytosis drives membrane expansion within myelin sheaths to initiate wrapping and power sheath elongation. In conjunction with membrane expansion, mass spectrometry of oligodendrocyte surface proteins revealed that VAMP2/3 incorporates axon-myelin adhesion proteins that are collectively required to form nodes of Ranvier. Together, our results demonstrate that VAMP2/3-mediated membrane expansion in oligodendrocytes is indispensable for myelin formation, uncovering a cellular pathway that could sculpt myelination patterns in response to activity-dependent signals or be therapeutically targeted to promote regeneration in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mable Lam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Koji Takeo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rafael G Almeida
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Madeline H Cooper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Manasi Iyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Husniye Kantarci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J Bradley Zuchero
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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13
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Pandey S, Shen K, Lee SH, Shen YAA, Wang Y, Otero-García M, Kotova N, Vito ST, Laufer BI, Newton DF, Rezzonico MG, Hanson JE, Kaminker JS, Bohlen CJ, Yuen TJ, Friedman BA. Disease-associated oligodendrocyte responses across neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111189. [PMID: 36001972 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, so understanding oligodendrocyte activation states would shed light on disease processes. We identify three distinct activation states of oligodendrocytes from single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS): DA1 (disease-associated1, associated with immunogenic genes), DA2 (disease-associated2, associated with genes influencing survival), and IFN (associated with interferon response genes). Spatial analysis of disease-associated oligodendrocytes (DAOs) in the cuprizone model reveals that DA1 and DA2 are established outside of the lesion area during demyelination and that DA1 repopulates the lesion during remyelination. Independent meta-analysis of human single-nucleus RNA-seq datasets reveals that the transcriptional responses of MS oligodendrocytes share features with mouse models. In contrast, the oligodendrocyte activation signature observed in human AD is largely distinct from those observed in mice. This catalog of oligodendrocyte activation states (http://research-pub.gene.com/OligoLandscape/) will be important to understand disease progression and develop therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shristi Pandey
- Department of OMNI Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Kimberle Shen
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Seung-Hye Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yun-An A Shen
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen T Vito
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Benjamin I Laufer
- Department of OMNI Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Dwight F Newton
- Department of OMNI Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; Roche Global IT Solution Centre, Hoffman-La Roche Canada, 7070 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Mitchell G Rezzonico
- Department of OMNI Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jesse E Hanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Joshua S Kaminker
- Department of OMNI Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Christopher J Bohlen
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Tracy J Yuen
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Brad A Friedman
- Department of OMNI Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Abi-Ghanem C, Jonnalagadda D, Chun J, Kihara Y, Ranscht B. CAQK, a peptide associating with extracellular matrix components targets sites of demyelinating injuries. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:908401. [PMID: 36072569 PMCID: PMC9441496 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.908401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The destruction of the myelin sheath that encircles axons leads to impairments of nerve conduction and neuronal dysfunctions. A major demyelinating disorder is multiple sclerosis (MS), a progressively disabling disease in which immune cells attack the myelin. To date, there are no therapies to target selectively myelin lesions, repair the myelin or stop MS progression. Small peptides recognizing epitopes selectively exposed at sites of injury show promise for targeting therapeutics in various pathologies. Here we show the selective homing of the four amino acid peptide, cysteine-alanine-lysine glutamine (CAQK), to sites of demyelinating injuries in three different mouse models. Homing was assessed by administering fluorescein amine (FAM)-labeled peptides into the bloodstream of mice and analyzing sites of demyelination in comparison with healthy brain or spinal cord tissue. FAM-CAQK selectively targeted demyelinating areas in all three models and was absent from healthy tissue. At lesion sites, the peptide was primarily associated with the fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) deposited in interstitial spaces proximal to reactive astrocytes. Association of FAM-CAQK was detected with tenascin-C although tenascin depositions made up only a minor portion of the examined lesion sites. In mice on a 6-week cuprizone diet, FAM-CAQK peptide crossed the nearly intact blood-brain barrier and homed to demyelinating fiber tracts. These results demonstrate the selective targeting of CAQK to demyelinating injuries under multiple conditions and confirm the previously reported association with the ECM. This work sets the stage for further developing CAQK peptide targeting for diagnostic and therapeutic applications aimed at localized myelin repair.
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Combined progressive functional exercise effect on contactin-1 and contactin-2 level in mildly disabled persons with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 67:104095. [PMID: 35963206 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although contactin-1 and contactin-2 are known as two proteins involved in axonal regeneration, it is unclear whether these proteins are induced by exercise in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of contactin-1 and contactin-2 in PwMS and to investigate the change of these markers with exercise. METHODS A total of 60 participants with relapsing-remitting MS were divided into groups by stratified randomization. The progressive functional exercise was applied to the intervention group. Participants in the control group continued the treatments and lives of the routines. Participants' contactin-1 and contactin-2, cognitive performance and aerobic capacities were evaluated. RESULTS The comparison of the pre-and post-study values of contactin-1 and contactin-2 showed significant differences only in the intervention group. The contactin-1 and contactin-2 values were similar between the groups before the exercise, whereas a significant difference was found in favor of the intervention group after the exercise. Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test-3 value increased significantly only in the intervention group. CONCLUSION With this study, it was shown for the first time that contactin-1 and contactin-2, which play an important role in axonal regeneration and axonal organization, can be increased by exercise.
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Dermitzakis I, Manthou ME, Meditskou S, Miliaras D, Kesidou E, Boziki M, Petratos S, Grigoriadis N, Theotokis P. Developmental Cues and Molecular Drivers in Myelinogenesis: Revisiting Early Life to Re-Evaluate the Integrity of CNS Myelin. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3208-3237. [PMID: 35877446 PMCID: PMC9324160 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) coordinates its communication through saltatory conduction, facilitated by myelin-forming oligodendrocytes (OLs). Despite the fact that neurogenesis from stem cell niches has caught the majority of attention in recent years, oligodendrogenesis and, more specifically, the molecular underpinnings behind OL-dependent myelinogenesis, remain largely unknown. In this comprehensive review, we determine the developmental cues and molecular drivers which regulate normal myelination both at the prenatal and postnatal periods. We have indexed the individual stages of myelinogenesis sequentially; from the initiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, including migration and proliferation, to first contact with the axon that enlists positive and negative regulators for myelination, until the ultimate maintenance of the axon ensheathment and myelin growth. Here, we highlight multiple developmental pathways that are key to successful myelin formation and define the molecular pathways that can potentially be targets for pharmacological interventions in a variety of neurological disorders that exhibit demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iasonas Dermitzakis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Dimosthenis Miliaras
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (M.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Marina Boziki
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (M.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (M.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.); (D.M.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (M.B.); (N.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Hippocampal F3/Contactin plays a role in chronic stress-induced depressive-like effects and the antidepressant actions of vortioxetine in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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18
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Liang YJ, Yang YR, Tao CY, Yang SH, Zhang XX, Yuan J, Deng YH, Zhong ZQ, Yu SG, Xiong XY. Deep Succinylproteomics of Brain Tissues from Intracerebral Hemorrhage with Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2791-2804. [PMID: 34460038 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01144-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It is unclear how Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling affects protein succinylation in the brain after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Here, we constructed a mouse ICH model to investigate the changes in ICH-associated brain protein succinylation, following a treatment with a TLR4 antagonist, TAK242, using a high-resolution mass spectrometry-based, quantitative succinyllysine proteomics approach. We characterized the prevalence of approximately 6700 succinylation events and quantified approximately 3500 sites, highlighting 139 succinyllysine site changes in 40 pathways. Further analysis showed that TAK242 treatment induced an increase of 29 succinyllysine sites on 28 succinylated proteins and a reduction of 24 succinyllysine sites on 23 succinylated proteins in the ICH brains. TAK242 treatment induced both protein hypersuccinylations and hyposuccinylations, which were mainly located in the mitochondria and cytoplasm. GO analysis showed that TAK242 treatment-induced changes in the ICH-associated succinylated proteins were mostly located in synapses, membranes and vesicles, and enriched in many cellular functions/compartments, such as metabolism, synapse, and myelin. KEGG analysis showed that TAK242-induced hyposuccinylation was mainly linked to fatty acid metabolism, including elongation and degradation. Moreover, a combined analysis of the succinylproteomic data with previously published transcriptome data revealed that most of the differentially succinylated proteins induced by TAK242 treatment were mainly distributed throughout neurons, astrocytes, and endothelial cells, and the mRNAs of seven and three succinylated proteins were highly expressed in neurons and astrocytes, respectively. In conclusion, we revealed that several TLR4 signaling pathways affect the succinylation processes and pathways in mouse ICH brains, providing new insights on the ICH pathophysiological processes. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD025622.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jing Liang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/Third Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Yuan-Rui Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuan-Yuan Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su-Hao Yang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/Third Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Xin-Xiao Zhang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/Third Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/Third Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Yuan-Hong Deng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/Third Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Zhan-Qiong Zhong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Road, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shu-Guang Yu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/Third Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, China. .,Acupuncture & Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiao-Yi Xiong
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/Third Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, China. .,Acupuncture & Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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19
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Wang BB, Hou LM, Zhou WD, Liu H, Tao W, Wu WJ, Niu PP, Zhang ZP, Zhou J, Li Q, Huang RH, Li PH. Genome-wide association study reveals a quantitative trait locus and two candidate genes on Sus scrofa chromosome 5 affecting intramuscular fat content in Suhuai pigs. Animal 2021; 15:100341. [PMID: 34425484 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat content (IFC) is an essential quantitative trait of meat, affecting multiple meat quality indicators. A certain amount of IFC could not only improve the sensory score of pork but also increase the flavour, tenderness, juiciness and shelf-life. To dissect the genetic determinants of IFC, two methods, including genome-wide efficient mixed-model analysis (GEMMA) and linkage disequilibrium adjusted kinships (LDAKs), were used to carry out genome-wide association studies for IFC in Suhuai pig population. A total of 14 and 18 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified by GEMMA and LDAK, respectively. The results of these two methods were highly consistent and all 14 significant SNPs in GEMMA were detected by LDAK. Seven of the 18 SNPs reached the genome-wide significance level (P < 9.85E-07) while 11 cases reached the suggestive significance level (P < 1.77E-05). These significant SNPs were mainly distributed on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 5, 3, and 7. Moreover, one locus resides in a 2.27 Mb (71.37-73.64 Mb) region on SSC5 harbouring 13 significant SNPs associated with IFC, and the lead SNP (rs81302978) also locates in this region. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed that there were four pairs of complete LD (r2 = 1) among these 13 SNPs, and the remaining 9 SNPs with incomplete LD (r2 ≠ 1) were selected for subsequent analyses of IFC. Association analyses showed that 7 out of 9 SNPs were significantly associated with IFC (P < 0.05) in 330 Suhuai pigs, and the other 2 SNPs tended to reach a significant association level with IFC (P < 0.1). The phenotypic variance explained (PVE) range of these 9 SNPs was 0.92-3.55%. Meanwhile, the lead SNP was also significantly associated (rs81302978) with IFC (P < 0.05) in 378 commercial hybrid pigs (Pietrain × Duroc) × (Landrace × Yorkshire) (PDLY), and the PVE was 1.38%. Besides, two lipid metabolism-relevant candidate genes, the leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and PDZ domain containing ring finger 4 (PDZRN4) were identified in the 2.27 Mb region on SSC5. In conclusion, our results may provide a set of markers useful for genetic improvement of IFC in pigs and will advance the genome selection process of IFC on pig breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Wang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | - L M Hou
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | - W D Zhou
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - H Liu
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | - W Tao
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | - W J Wu
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - P P Niu
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | - Z P Zhang
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | - J Zhou
- Huaiyin Pig Breeding Farm of Huaian City, Huaian 223322, China
| | - Q Li
- Huaiyin Pig Breeding Farm of Huaian City, Huaian 223322, China
| | - R H Huang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | - P H Li
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China.
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20
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Lukacs M, Blizzard LE, Stottmann RW. CNS glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency results in delayed white matter development, ataxia and premature death in a novel mouse model. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1205-1217. [PMID: 32179897 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor is a post-translational modification added to approximately 150 different proteins to facilitate proper membrane anchoring and trafficking to lipid rafts. Biosynthesis and remodeling of the GPI anchor requires the activity of over 20 distinct genes. Defects in the biosynthesis of GPI anchors in humans lead to inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency (IGD). IGD patients display a wide range of phenotypes though the central nervous system (CNS) appears to be the most commonly affected tissue. A full understanding of the etiology of these phenotypes has been hampered by the lack of animal models due to embryonic lethality of GPI biosynthesis gene null mutants. Here we model IGD by genetically ablating GPI production in the CNS with a conditional mouse allele of phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class A (Piga) and Nestin-Cre. We find that the mutants do not have structural brain defects but do not survive past weaning. The mutants show progressive decline with severe ataxia consistent with defects in cerebellar development. We show that the mutants have reduced myelination and defective Purkinje cell development. Surprisingly, we found that Piga was expressed in a fairly restricted pattern in the early postnatal brain consistent with the defects we observed in our model. Thus, we have generated a novel mouse model of the neurological defects of IGD which demonstrates a critical role for GPI biosynthesis in cerebellar and white matter development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall Lukacs
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lauren E Blizzard
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Rolf W Stottmann
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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21
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De Giorgis V, Paoletti M, Varesio C, Gana S, Rognone E, Dallavalle G, Papalia G, Pichiecchio A. Novel insights into the clinico-radiological spectrum of phenotypes associated to PIGN mutations. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021; 33:21-28. [PMID: 34051595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autosomic recessive mutations in the PIGN gene have been described in less than 30 subjects to date, in whom multiple congenital anomalies combined with severe developmental delay, hypotonia, epileptic encephalopathy, and cerebellar atrophy have been described as crucial features. A clear-cut neuroradiological characterization of this entity, however, is still lacking. We aim to present three pediatric PIGN mutated cases with an in-depth evaluation of their brain abnormalities. METHODS We present the neuroradiological, clinical, and genetic characterization of three Caucasian pediatric subjects with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in the PIGN gene revealed by Next Generation Sequencing analysis. RESULTS We identified three subjects (two siblings, one unrelated case) presenting with encephalopathy with early-onset epilepsy, hypotonia, and severe global developmental delay. No additional severe multiple congenital anomalies were detected. Neuroradiological evaluation showed extensive quantitative reduction of white matter, severe and progressive cortical atrophy, with frontal predominance and an anteroposterior gradient, combined with cerebellar and brainstem atrophy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings broaden and systematize the neuroradiological spectrum of abnormalities in PIGN related encephalopathy. Furthermore, our dataset confirms that mutations in PIGN gene appear to be pan-ethnic and represent an underestimated cause of early-onset encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina De Giorgis
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Paoletti
- Advanced Imaging and Radiomics Center, Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Costanza Varesio
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Simone Gana
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Rognone
- Advanced Imaging and Radiomics Center, Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Dallavalle
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Grazia Papalia
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Pichiecchio
- Advanced Imaging and Radiomics Center, Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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22
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van Lierop ZY, Wieske L, Koel-Simmelink MJ, Chatterjee M, Dekker I, Leurs CE, Willemse EA, Moraal B, Barkhof F, Eftimov F, Uitdehaag BM, Killestein J, Teunissen CE. Serum contactin-1 as a biomarker of long-term disease progression in natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2021; 28:102-110. [PMID: 33890520 PMCID: PMC8689420 DOI: 10.1177/13524585211010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natalizumab treatment provides a model for non-inflammation-induced disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE To study serum contactin-1 (sCNTN1) as a novel biomarker for disease progression in natalizumab-treated relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients. METHODS Eighty-nine natalizumab-treated RRMS patients with minimum follow-up of 3 years were included. sCNTN1 was analyzed at baseline (before natalizumab initiation), 3, 12, 24 months (M) and last follow-up (median 5.2 years) and compared to 222 healthy controls (HC) and 15 primary progressive MS patients (PPMS). Results were compared between patients with progressive, stable, or improved disability according to EDSS-plus criteria. RESULTS Median sCNTN1 levels (ng/mL,) in RRMS (baseline: 10.7, 3M: 9.7, 12M: 10.4, 24M: 10.8; last follow-up: 9.7) were significantly lower compared to HC (12.5; p ⩽ 0.001). It was observed that 48% of patients showed progression during follow-up, 11% improved, and 40% remained stable. sCNTN1 levels were significantly lower in progressors both at baseline and at 12M compared to non-progressors. A 1 ng/mL decrease in baseline sCNTN1 was consistent with an odds ratio of 1.23 (95% confidence interval 1.04-1.45) (p = 0.017) for progression during follow-up. CONCLUSION Lower baseline sCNTN1 concentrations were associated with long-term disability progression during natalizumab treatment, making it a possible blood-based prognostic biomarker for RRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Ygj van Lierop
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk Wieske
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Ja Koel-Simmelink
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Madhurima Chatterjee
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Dekker
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands/Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cyra E Leurs
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Aj Willemse
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Moraal
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands/Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Filip Eftimov
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Mj Uitdehaag
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joep Killestein
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Kalafatakis I, Savvaki M, Velona T, Karagogeos D. Implication of Contactins in Demyelinating Pathologies. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010051. [PMID: 33451101 PMCID: PMC7828632 DOI: 10.3390/life11010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Demyelinating pathologies comprise of a variety of conditions where either central or peripheral myelin is attacked, resulting in white matter lesions and neurodegeneration. Myelinated axons are organized into molecularly distinct domains, and this segregation is crucial for their proper function. These defined domains are differentially affected at the different stages of demyelination as well as at the lesion and perilesion sites. Among the main players in myelinated axon organization are proteins of the contactin (CNTN) group of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) of cell adhesion molecules, namely Contactin-1 and Contactin-2 (CNTN1, CNTN2). The two contactins perform their functions through intermolecular interactions, which are crucial for myelinated axon integrity and functionality. In this review, we focus on the implication of these two molecules as well as their interactors in demyelinating pathologies in humans. At first, we describe the organization and function of myelinated axons in the central (CNS) and the peripheral (PNS) nervous system, further analyzing the role of CNTN1 and CNTN2 as well as their interactors in myelination. In the last section, studies showing the correlation of the two contactins with demyelinating pathologies are reviewed, highlighting the importance of these recognition molecules in shaping the function of the nervous system in multiple ways.
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24
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Abstract
The nodes of Ranvier have clustered Na+ and K+ channels necessary for rapid and efficient axonal action potential conduction. However, detailed mechanisms of channel clustering have only recently been identified: they include two independent axon-glia interactions that converge on distinct axonal cytoskeletons. Here, we discuss how glial cell adhesion molecules and the extracellular matrix molecules that bind them assemble combinations of ankyrins, spectrins and other cytoskeletal scaffolding proteins, which cluster ion channels. We present a detailed molecular model, incorporating these overlapping mechanisms, to explain how the nodes of Ranvier are assembled in both the peripheral and central nervous systems.
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25
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Choi BR, Dobrowolski M, Sockanathan S. GDE2 expression in oligodendroglia regulates the pace of oligodendrocyte maturation. Dev Dyn 2020; 250:513-526. [PMID: 33095500 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligodendrocytes generate specialized lipid-rich sheaths called myelin that wrap axons and facilitate the rapid, saltatory transmission of action potentials. Extrinsic signals and surface-mediated pathways coordinate oligodendrocyte development to ensure appropriate axonal myelination, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 2 (GDE2 or GDPD5) is a six-transmembrane enzyme that regulates the activity of surface glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins by cleavage of the GPI-anchor. GDE2 is expressed in neurons where it promotes oligodendrocyte maturation through the release of neuronally-derived soluble factors. GDE2 is also expressed in oligodendrocytes but the function of oligodendroglial GDE2 is not known. RESULTS Using Cre-lox technology, we generated mice that lack GDE2 expression in oligodendrocytes (O-Gde2KO). O-Gde2KOs show normal production and proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. However, oligodendrocyte maturation is accelerated leading to the robust increase of myelin proteins and increased myelination during development. These in vivo observations are recapitulated in vitro using purified primary oligodendrocytes, supporting cell-autonomous functions for GDE2 in oligodendrocyte maturation. CONCLUSIONS These studies reveal that oligodendroglial GDE2 expression is required for controlling the pace of oligodendrocyte maturation. Thus, the cell-type specific expression of GDE2 is important for the coordination of oligodendrocyte maturation and axonal myelination during neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ran Choi
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mateusz Dobrowolski
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shanthini Sockanathan
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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26
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Pham L, Wright DK, O'Brien WT, Bain J, Huang C, Sun M, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Shah AD, Schittenhelm RB, Sobey CG, Brady RD, O'Brien TJ, Mychasiuk R, Shultz SR, McDonald SJ. Behavioral, axonal, and proteomic alterations following repeated mild traumatic brain injury: Novel insights using a clinically relevant rat model. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105151. [PMID: 33127468 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is linked to a number of chronic neurological conditions, however there is still much unknown about the underlying mechanisms. To provide new insights, this study used a clinically relevant model of repeated mTBI in rats to characterize the acute and chronic neuropathological and neurobehavioral consequences of these injuries. Rats were given four sham-injuries or four mTBIs and allocated to 7-day or 3.5-months post-injury recovery groups. Behavioral analysis assessed sensorimotor function, locomotion, anxiety, and spatial memory. Neuropathological analysis included serum quantification of neurofilament light (NfL), mass spectrometry of the hippocampal proteome, and ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Repeated mTBI rats had evidence of acute cognitive deficits and prolonged sensorimotor impairments. Serum NfL was elevated at 7 days post injury, with levels correlating with sensorimotor deficits; however, no NfL differences were observed at 3.5 months. Several hippocampal proteins were altered by repeated mTBI, including those associated with energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, and impaired neurogenic capacity. Diffusion MRI analysis at 3.5 months found widespread reductions in white matter integrity. Taken together, these findings provide novel insights into the nature and progression of repeated mTBI neuropathology that may underlie lingering or chronic neurobehavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Pham
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - William T O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jesse Bain
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anup D Shah
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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27
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Bizzoca A, Caracciolo M, Corsi P, Magrone T, Jirillo E, Gennarini G. Molecular and Cellular Substrates for the Friedreich Ataxia. Significance of Contactin Expression and of Antioxidant Administration. Molecules 2020; 25:E4085. [PMID: 32906751 PMCID: PMC7570916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the neural phenotype is explored in rodent models of the spinocerebellar disorder known as the Friedreich Ataxia (FA), which results from mutations within the gene encoding the Frataxin mitochondrial protein. For this, the M12 line, bearing a targeted mutation, which disrupts the Frataxin gene exon 4 was used, together with the M02 line, which, in addition, is hemizygous for the human Frataxin gene mutation (Pook transgene), implying the occurrence of 82-190 GAA repeats within its first intron. The mutant mice phenotype was compared to the one of wild type littermates in regions undergoing differential profiles of neurogenesis, including the cerebellar cortex and the spinal cord by using neuronal (β-tubulin) and glial (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein) markers as well as the Contactin 1 axonal glycoprotein, involved in neurite growth control. Morphological/morphometric analyses revealed that while in Frataxin mutant mice the neuronal phenotype was significantly counteracted, a glial upregulation occurred at the same time. Furthermore, Contactin 1 downregulation suggested that changes in the underlying gene contributed to the disorder pathogenesis. Therefore, the FA phenotype implies an alteration of the developmental profile of neuronal and glial precursors. Finally, epigallocatechin gallate polyphenol administration counteracted the disorder, indicating protective effects of antioxidant administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gianfranco Gennarini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Medical School, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11. I-70124 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (T.M.); (E.J.)
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Gu Y, Li T, Kapoor A, Major P, Tang D. Contactin 1: An Important and Emerging Oncogenic Protein Promoting Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E874. [PMID: 32752094 PMCID: PMC7465769 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Even with recent progress, cancer remains the second leading cause of death, outlining a need to widen the current understanding on oncogenic factors. Accumulating evidence from recent years suggest Contactin 1 (CNTN1)'s possession of multiple oncogenic activities in a variety of cancer types. CNTN1 is a cell adhesion molecule that is dysregulated in many human carcinomas and plays important roles in cancer progression and metastases. Abnormalities in CNTN1 expression associate with cancer progression and poor prognosis. Mechanistically, CNTN1 functions in various signaling pathways frequently altered in cancer, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC)-VEGF receptor 3 (VEFGR3)/fms-related tyrosine kinase 4 (Flt4) axis, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), Notch signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. These oncogenic events are resulted via interactions between tumor and stroma, which can be contributed by CNTN1, an adhesion protein. CNTN1 expression in breast cancer correlates with the expression of genes functioning in cancer-stroma interactions and skeletal system development. Evidence supports that CNTN1 promotes cancer-stromal interaction, resulting in activation of a complex network required for cancer progression and metastasis (bone metastasis for breast cancer). CNTN1 inhibitions has been proven to be effective in experimental models to reduce oncogenesis. In this paper, we will review CNTN1's alterations in cancer, its main biochemical mechanisms and interactions with its relevant cancer pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Taosha Li
- Life-Tech Industry Alliance, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Pierre Major
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
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Vallat JM, Magy L, Corcia P, Boulesteix JM, Uncini A, Mathis S. Ultrastructural Lesions of Nodo-Paranodopathies in Peripheral Neuropathies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:247-255. [PMID: 31923310 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Whatever the cause of myelin damage of the peripheral nervous system, the initial attack on myelin by a dysimmune process may begin either at the internodal area or in the paranodal and nodal regions. The term "nodo-paranodopathy" was first applied to some "axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome" subtypes, then extended to cases classified as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy bearing IgG4 antibodies against paranodal axoglial proteins. In these cases, paranodal dissection develops in the absence of macrophage-induced demyelination. In contrast, the mechanisms of demyelination of other dysimmune neuropathies induced by macrophages are unexplained, as no antibodies have been identified in such cases. Electron microscopy of longitudinal sections of nerve biopsies is useful to visualize and authenticate the characteristic lesions of paranodes/nodes. However, it should be borne in mind that identical ultrastructural aspects are seen in other types of polyneuropathies: Genetic, experimental, and in a few polyneuropathies for which there is no obvious etiology. Ultrastructural nerve studies confirm the initial involvement of nodes/paranodes in various types of acquired and genetic neuropathies. For some of them, the antibodies or the proteins involved by mutations are clearly identified such as Caspr-1, Contactin-1, NFasc155, and NFasc186; other unidentified proteins are likely to be involved as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Vallat
- From the Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for 'Rare Peripheral Neuropathies', University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Laurent Magy
- From the Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for 'Rare Peripheral Neuropathies', University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- Department of Neurology, ALS Reference Center, CHU Tours (Bretonneau Hospital), Tours, France
| | | | - Antonino Uncini
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Stéphane Mathis
- Department of Neurology, Nerve-Muscle Unit, CHU Bordeaux (Pellegrin University Hospital), Bordeaux, France
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Lubetzki C, Sol-Foulon N, Desmazières A. Nodes of Ranvier during development and repair in the CNS. Nat Rev Neurol 2020; 16:426-439. [DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-0375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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Becquart P, Johnston J, Vilariño-Güell C, Quandt JA. Oligodendrocyte ARNT2 expression is altered in models of MS. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2020; 7:e745. [PMID: 32439712 PMCID: PMC7251514 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 (ARNT2), a basic-loop-helix transcription factor implicated in neuronal development and axonal health, in oligodendrocyte (OL) cultures and over the course of chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS We assessed OL ARNT2 expression in EAE compared with sham-immunized controls and also in OL primary cultures and over the course of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP)-mediated maturation of the immortalized Oli-neu cell line. We also tested the functional role of ARNT2 in influencing OL characteristics using small interfering RNA (siRNA). RESULTS ARNT2 is localized to Olig2+ cells in healthy spinal cord gray and white matter. Despite a significant expansion of Olig2+ cells in the white matter at peak disease, ARNT2 is reduced by almost half in OLs, along with a reduction in the percentage of ARNT2+/Olig2+ cells. Mature OLs in mixed cortical cultures or OLs matured from embryonic progenitors express negligible ARNT2. Similarly, Oli-neu cells express high levels of ARNT2, which are reduced following dbcAMP maturation. siRNA-mediated knockdown of ARNT2 affected OL viability, which led to an enrichment of myelin-producing OLs. CONCLUSION The analysis of ARNT2 expression in OLs demonstrates that OL ARNT2 expression is altered in EAE and during OL maturation. Findings point to ARNT2 as an important mediator of OL viability and differentiation and warrant further characterization as a target for intervention in demyelinating disorders such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Becquart
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (P.B., J.J., J.A.Q.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jake Johnston
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (P.B., J.J., J.A.Q.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carles Vilariño-Güell
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (P.B., J.J., J.A.Q.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A Quandt
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (P.B., J.J., J.A.Q.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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32
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Veny M, Grases D, Kucharova K, Lin WW, Nguyen J, Huang S, Ware CF, Ranscht B, Šedý JR. Contactin-1 Is Required for Peripheral Innervation and Immune Homeostasis Within the Intestinal Mucosa. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1268. [PMID: 32676079 PMCID: PMC7333639 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal regulation of diverse physiological functions requires complex molecular interactions in innervated tissues to maintain proper organ function. Here we show that loss of the neuronal cell surface adhesion/recognition molecule Contactin-1 (Cntn1) directly impairs intestinal function causing wasting that subsequently results in global immune defects. Loss of Cntn1 results in hematologic alterations and changes in blood metabolites associated with malnourishment. We found thymus and spleen of Cntn1-deficient animals atrophied with severe reductions in lymphocyte populations. Elevated thymic Gilz expression indicated ongoing glucocorticoid signaling in Cntn1-deficient animals, consistent with the malnourishment phenotype. Intestinal Contactin-1 was localized to neurons in the villi and the submucosal/myenteric plexus that innervates smooth muscle. Loss of Cntn1 was associated with reduced intestinal Bdnf and Adrb2, indicating reduced neuromuscular crosstalk. Additionally, loss of Cntn1 resulted in reduced recruitment of CD3+ T cells to villi within the small intestine. Together, these data illustrate the critical role of Contactin-1 function within the gut, and how this is required for normal systemic immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Veny
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Grases
- Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Karolina Kucharova
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Wai Wai Lin
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Nguyen
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Huang
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Barbara Ranscht
- Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - John R Šedý
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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de la Fuente L, Arzalluz-Luque Á, Tardáguila M, Del Risco H, Martí C, Tarazona S, Salguero P, Scott R, Lerma A, Alastrue-Agudo A, Bonilla P, Newman JRB, Kosugi S, McIntyre LM, Moreno-Manzano V, Conesa A. tappAS: a comprehensive computational framework for the analysis of the functional impact of differential splicing. Genome Biol 2020; 21:119. [PMID: 32423416 PMCID: PMC7236505 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02028-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in long-read sequencing solve inaccuracies in alternative transcript identification of full-length transcripts in short-read RNA-Seq data, which encourages the development of methods for isoform-centered functional analysis. Here, we present tappAS, the first framework to enable a comprehensive Functional Iso-Transcriptomics (FIT) analysis, which is effective at revealing the functional impact of context-specific post-transcriptional regulation. tappAS uses isoform-resolved annotation of coding and non-coding functional domains, motifs, and sites, in combination with novel analysis methods to interrogate different aspects of the functional readout of transcript variants and isoform regulation. tappAS software and documentation are available at https://app.tappas.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena de la Fuente
- Genomics of Gene Expression Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
- Present Address: Bioinformatics Unit, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Arzalluz-Luque
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Polytechnical University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Tardáguila
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Present Address: Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Héctor Del Risco
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cristina Martí
- Genomics of Gene Expression Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Tarazona
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Polytechnical University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Salguero
- Genomics of Gene Expression Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raymond Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alberto Lerma
- Genomics of Gene Expression Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Alastrue-Agudo
- Present Address: Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pablo Bonilla
- Present Address: Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeremy R B Newman
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shunichi Kosugi
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Lauren M McIntyre
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Ana Conesa
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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34
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de Jong CGHM, Gabius HJ, Baron W. The emerging role of galectins in (re)myelination and its potential for developing new approaches to treat multiple sclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1289-1317. [PMID: 31628495 PMCID: PMC7113233 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system with unknown etiology. Currently approved disease-modifying treatment modalities are immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive. While the applied drugs reduce the frequency and severity of the attacks, their efficacy to regenerate myelin membranes and to halt disease progression is limited. To achieve such therapeutic aims, understanding biological mechanisms of remyelination and identifying factors that interfere with remyelination in MS can give respective directions. Such a perspective is given by the emerging functional profile of galectins. They form a family of tissue lectins, which are potent effectors in processes as diverse as adhesion, apoptosis, immune mediator release or migration. This review focuses on endogenous and exogenous roles of galectins in glial cells such as oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia in the context of de- and (re)myelination and its dysregulation in MS. Evidence is arising for a cooperation among family members so that timed expression and/or secretion of galectins-1, -3 and -4 result in modifying developmental myelination, (neuro)inflammatory processes, de- and remyelination. Dissecting the mechanisms that underlie the distinct activities of galectins and identifying galectins as target or tool to modulate remyelination have the potential to contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte G H M de Jong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wia Baron
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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35
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Thetiot M, Freeman SA, Roux T, Dubessy AL, Aigrot MS, Rappeneau Q, Lejeune FX, Tailleur J, Sol-Foulon N, Lubetzki C, Desmazieres A. An alternative mechanism of early nodal clustering and myelination onset in GABAergic neurons of the central nervous system. Glia 2020; 68:1891-1909. [PMID: 32119167 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrates, fast saltatory conduction along myelinated axons relies on the node of Ranvier. How nodes assemble on CNS neurons is not yet fully understood. We previously described that node-like clusters can form prior to myelin deposition in hippocampal GABAergic neurons and are associated with increased conduction velocity. Here, we used a live imaging approach to characterize the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the assembly of these clusters prior to myelination. We first demonstrated that their components can partially preassemble prior to membrane targeting and determined the molecular motors involved in their trafficking. We then demonstrated the key role of the protein β2Nav for node-like clustering initiation. We further assessed the fate of these clusters when myelination proceeds. Our results shed light on the intrinsic mechanisms involved in node-like clustering prior to myelination and unravel a potential role of these clusters in node of Ranvier formation and in guiding myelination onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Thetiot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sean A Freeman
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Roux
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Dubessy
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Stéphane Aigrot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Rappeneau
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - François-Xavier Lejeune
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Julien Tailleur
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, MSC, UMR 7057 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Sol-Foulon
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Lubetzki
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Anne Desmazieres
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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36
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The extracellular domain of teneurin-4 promotes cell adhesion for oligodendrocyte differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 523:171-176. [PMID: 31839217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion between oligodendrocytes and neuronal axons is a critical step for myelination that enables the rapid propagation of action potential in the central nervous system. Here, we show that the transmembrane protein teneurin-4 plays a role in the cell adhesion required for the differentiation of oligodendrocytes. We found that teneurin-4 formed molecular complexes with all of the four teneurin family members and promoted cell-cell adhesion. Oligodendrocyte lineage cells attached to the recombinant extracellular domain of all the teneurins and formed well-branched cell processes. In an axon-mimicking nanofibers assay, nanofibers coated with the recombinant teneurin-4 extracellular domain increased the differentiation of oligodendrocytes. Our results show that teneurin-4 binds to all teneurins through their extracellular domain, which facilitates the oligodendrocyte-axon adhesion, and promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation via its homophilic interaction.
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37
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Klingseisen A, Ristoiu AM, Kegel L, Sherman DL, Rubio-Brotons M, Almeida RG, Koudelka S, Benito-Kwiecinski SK, Poole RJ, Brophy PJ, Lyons DA. Oligodendrocyte Neurofascin Independently Regulates Both Myelin Targeting and Sheath Growth in the CNS. Dev Cell 2019; 51:730-744.e6. [PMID: 31761670 PMCID: PMC6912162 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Selection of the correct targets for myelination and regulation of myelin sheath growth are essential for central nervous system (CNS) formation and function. Through a genetic screen in zebrafish and complementary analyses in mice, we find that loss of oligodendrocyte Neurofascin leads to mistargeting of myelin to cell bodies, without affecting targeting to axons. In addition, loss of Neurofascin reduces CNS myelination by impairing myelin sheath growth. Time-lapse imaging reveals that the distinct myelinating processes of individual oligodendrocytes can engage in target selection and sheath growth at the same time and that Neurofascin concomitantly regulates targeting and growth. Disruption to Caspr, the neuronal binding partner of oligodendrocyte Neurofascin, also impairs myelin sheath growth, likely reflecting its association in an adhesion complex at the axon-glial interface with Neurofascin. Caspr does not, however, affect myelin targeting, further indicating that Neurofascin independently regulates distinct aspects of CNS myelination by individual oligodendrocytes in vivo. Single oligodendrocytes coordinate myelin targeting and growth at the same time Oligodendrocyte Neurofascin prevents myelination of cell bodies Oligodendrocyte Neurofascin promotes myelin sheath growth The neuronal binding partner of Neurofascin, Caspr, promotes myelin sheath growth
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klingseisen
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Ana-Maria Ristoiu
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Linde Kegel
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Diane L Sherman
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Maria Rubio-Brotons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Rafael G Almeida
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Sigrid Koudelka
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | | | - Richard J Poole
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Peter J Brophy
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - David A Lyons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK.
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38
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Djannatian M, Timmler S, Arends M, Luckner M, Weil MT, Alexopoulos I, Snaidero N, Schmid B, Misgeld T, Möbius W, Schifferer M, Peles E, Simons M. Two adhesive systems cooperatively regulate axon ensheathment and myelin growth in the CNS. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4794. [PMID: 31641127 PMCID: PMC6805957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system myelin is a multilayered membrane produced by oligodendrocytes to increase neural processing speed and efficiency, but the molecular mechanisms underlying axonal selection and myelin wrapping are unknown. Here, using combined morphological and molecular analyses in mice and zebrafish, we show that adhesion molecules of the paranodal and the internodal segment work synergistically using overlapping functions to regulate axonal interaction and myelin wrapping. In the absence of these adhesive systems, axonal recognition by myelin is impaired with myelin growing on top of previously myelinated fibers, around neuronal cell bodies and above nodes of Ranvier. In addition, myelin wrapping is disturbed with the leading edge moving away from the axon and in between previously formed layers. These data show how two adhesive systems function together to guide axonal ensheathment and myelin wrapping, and provide a mechanistic understanding of how the spatial organization of myelin is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minou Djannatian
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Timmler
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Arends
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Manja Luckner
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Weil
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ioannis Alexopoulos
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Snaidero
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Elior Peles
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
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39
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Stadelmann C, Timmler S, Barrantes-Freer A, Simons M. Myelin in the Central Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Pathology. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1381-1431. [PMID: 31066630 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00031.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes generate multiple layers of myelin membrane around axons of the central nervous system to enable fast and efficient nerve conduction. Until recently, saltatory nerve conduction was considered the only purpose of myelin, but it is now clear that myelin has more functions. In fact, myelinating oligodendrocytes are embedded in a vast network of interconnected glial and neuronal cells, and increasing evidence supports an active role of oligodendrocytes within this assembly, for example, by providing metabolic support to neurons, by regulating ion and water homeostasis, and by adapting to activity-dependent neuronal signals. The molecular complexity governing these interactions requires an in-depth molecular understanding of how oligodendrocytes and axons interact and how they generate, maintain, and remodel their myelin sheaths. This review deals with the biology of myelin, the expanded relationship of myelin with its underlying axons and the neighboring cells, and its disturbances in various diseases such as multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Furthermore, we will highlight how specific interactions between astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia contribute to demyelination in hereditary white matter pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Stadelmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany ; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich , Germany ; Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany ; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich , Germany ; and Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen , Germany
| | - Sebastian Timmler
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany ; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich , Germany ; Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany ; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich , Germany ; and Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen , Germany
| | - Alonso Barrantes-Freer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany ; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich , Germany ; Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany ; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich , Germany ; and Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen , Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany ; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich , Germany ; Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany ; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich , Germany ; and Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen , Germany
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40
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Xu S, Lam SK, Cheng PNM, Ho JCM. Contactin 1 modulates pegylated arginase resistance in small cell lung cancer through induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12030. [PMID: 31427725 PMCID: PMC6700313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major hurdle in the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Previously we demonstrated the potential anticancer effect of pegylated arginase BCT-100 in SCLC cell lines and xenograft models. To facilitate future clinical application of BCT-100 in SCLC treatment, we elucidated the potential mechanisms that underlie acquired drug resistance to BCT-100. H446 and H526 SCLC cells were serially cultured in stepwise increasing concentrations of BCT-100 until stable BCT-100-resistant cell lines emerged (H446-BR and H526-BR). Compared with parent cells, H446-BR and H526-BR displayed stronger migration ability, anoikis resistance and EMT progression. Gene chip assay was employed to select three potential targets (CDH17, CNTN-1 and IGF2BP1). Silencing CNTN-1 rather than CDH17 or IGF2BP1 in H446-BR and H526-BR cells re-sensitized resistant cells to BCT-100 treatment and attenuated the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. The AKT signaling pathway was activated in H446-BR and H526-BR cells accompanied by EMT progression, and AKT inhibitor LY294002 reversed the EMT progression in resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Xu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sze-Kwan Lam
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul Ning-Man Cheng
- Bio-cancer Treatment International, 511-513, Bioinformatics Building, Hong Kong Science Park, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - James Chung-Man Ho
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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41
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Dubessy AL, Mazuir E, Rappeneau Q, Ou S, Abi Ghanem C, Piquand K, Aigrot MS, Thétiot M, Desmazières A, Chan E, Fitzgibbon M, Fleming M, Krauss R, Zalc B, Ranscht B, Lubetzki C, Sol-Foulon N. Role of a Contactin multi-molecular complex secreted by oligodendrocytes in nodal protein clustering in the CNS. Glia 2019; 67:2248-2263. [PMID: 31328333 PMCID: PMC6851800 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The fast and reliable propagation of action potentials along myelinated fibers relies on the clustering of voltage‐gated sodium channels at nodes of Ranvier. Axo‐glial communication is required for assembly of nodal proteins in the central nervous system, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Oligodendrocytes are known to support node of Ranvier assembly through paranodal junction formation. In addition, the formation of early nodal protein clusters (or prenodes) along axons prior to myelination has been reported, and can be induced by oligodendrocyte conditioned medium (OCM). Our recent work on cultured hippocampal neurons showed that OCM‐induced prenodes are associated with an increased conduction velocity (Freeman et al., 2015). We here unravel the nature of the oligodendroglial secreted factors. Mass spectrometry analysis of OCM identified several candidate proteins (i.e., Contactin‐1, ChL1, NrCAM, Noelin2, RPTP/Phosphacan, and Tenascin‐R). We show that Contactin‐1 combined with RPTP/Phosphacan or Tenascin‐R induces clusters of nodal proteins along hippocampal GABAergic axons. Furthermore, Contactin‐1‐immunodepleted OCM or OCM from Cntn1‐null mice display significantly reduced clustering activity, that is restored by addition of soluble Contactin‐1. Altogether, our results identify Contactin‐1 secreted by oligodendrocytes as a novel factor that may influence early steps of nodal sodium channel cluster formation along specific axon populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Dubessy
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Elisa Mazuir
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Rappeneau
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Sokounthie Ou
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Charly Abi Ghanem
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Kevin Piquand
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Stéphane Aigrot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Melina Thétiot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Anne Desmazières
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Eric Chan
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mark Fleming
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raul Krauss
- Disarm Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bernard Zalc
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Ranscht
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Catherine Lubetzki
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Sol-Foulon
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
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42
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Morató X, Luján R, Gonçalves N, Watanabe M, Altafaj X, Carvalho AL, Fernández-Dueñas V, Cunha RA, Ciruela F. Metabotropic glutamate type 5 receptor requires contactin-associated protein 1 to control memory formation. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:3528-3541. [PMID: 30010864 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a key brain region for memory formation. Metabotropic glutamate type 5 receptors (mGlu5R) are strongly expressed in CA1 pyramidal neurons and fine-tune synaptic plasticity. Accordingly, mGlu5R pharmacological manipulation may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to manage hippocampal-related neurological disorders. Here, by means of a membrane yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified contactin-associated protein 1 (Caspr1), a type I transmembrane protein member of the neurexin family, as a new mGlu5R partner. We report that mGlu5R and Caspr1 co-distribute and co-assemble both in heterologous expression systems and in rat brain. Furthermore, downregulation of Caspr1 in rat hippocampal primary cultures decreased mGlu5R-mediated signaling. Finally, silencing Caspr1 expression in the hippocampus impaired the impact of mGlu5R on spatial memory. Our results indicate that Caspr1 plays a pivotal role controlling mGlu5R function in hippocampus-dependent memory formation. Hence, this new protein-protein interaction may represent novel target for neurological disorders affecting hippocampal glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Morató
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Luján
- IDINE, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Nélio Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Xavier Altafaj
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ana Luísa Carvalho
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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43
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Kim MJ, Petratos S. Oligodendroglial Lineage Cells in Thyroid Hormone-Deprived Conditions. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5496891. [PMID: 31182964 PMCID: PMC6515029 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5496891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are supporting glial cells that ensure the metabolism and homeostasis of neurons with specific synaptic axoglial interactions in the central nervous system. These require key myelinating glial trophic signals important for growth and metabolism. Thyroid hormone (TH) is one such trophic signal that regulates oligodendrocyte maturation, myelination, and oligodendroglial synaptic dynamics via either genomic or nongenomic pathways. The intracellular and extracellular transport of TH is facilitated by a specific transmembrane transporter known as the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8). Dysfunction of the MCT8 due to mutation, inhibition, or downregulation during brain development leads to inherited hypomyelination, which manifests as psychomotor retardation in the X-linked inherited Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS). In particular, oligodendroglial-specific MCT8 deficiency may restrict the intracellular T3 availability, culminating in deficient metabolic communication between the oligodendrocytes and the neurons they ensheath, potentially promulgating neurodegenerative adult diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Based on the therapeutic effects exhibited by TH in various preclinical studies, particularly related to its remyelinating potential, TH has now entered the initial stages of a clinical trial to test the therapeutic efficacy in relapsing-remitting MS patients (NCT02506751). However, TH analogs, such as DITPA or Triac, may well serve as future therapeutic options to rescue mature oligodendrocytes and/or promote oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation in an environment of MCT8 deficiency within the CNS. This review outlines the therapeutic strategies to overcome the differentiation blockade of oligodendrocyte precursors and maintain mature axoglial interactions in TH-deprived conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Joung Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia
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44
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Chatterjee M, Schild D, Teunissen CE. Contactins in the central nervous system: role in health and disease. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:206-216. [PMID: 30530999 PMCID: PMC6301169 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.244776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Contactins are a group of cell adhesion molecules that are mainly expressed in the brain and play pivotal roles in the organization of axonal domains, axonal guidance, neuritogenesis, neuronal development, synapse formation and plasticity, axo-glia interactions and neural regeneration. Contactins comprise a family of six members. Their absence leads to malformed axons and impaired nerve conduction. Contactin mediated protein complex formation is critical for the organization of the axon in early central nervous system development. Mutations and differential expression of contactins have been identified in neuro-developmental or neurological disorders. Taken together, contactins are extensively studied in the context of nervous system development. This review summarizes the physiological roles of all six members of the Contactin family in neurodevelopment as well as their involvement in neurological/neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Chatterjee
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Detlev Schild
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Cellular Biophysics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Excellence Cluster 171, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Melrose J. Keratan sulfate (KS)-proteoglycans and neuronal regulation in health and disease: the importance of KS-glycodynamics and interactive capability with neuroregulatory ligands. J Neurochem 2019; 149:170-194. [PMID: 30578672 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Compared to the other classes of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), that is, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate, heparin/heparan sulfate and hyaluronan, keratan sulfate (KS), have the least known of its interactive properties. In the human body, the cornea and the brain are the two most abundant tissue sources of KS. Embryonic KS is synthesized as a linear poly-N-acetyllactosamine chain of d-galactose-GlcNAc repeat disaccharides which become progressively sulfated with development, sulfation of GlcNAc is more predominant than galactose. KS contains multi-sulfated high-charge density, monosulfated and non-sulfated poly-N-acetyllactosamine regions and thus is a heterogeneous molecule in terms of chain length and charge distribution. A recent proteomics study on corneal KS demonstrated its interactivity with members of the Slit-Robbo and Ephrin-Ephrin receptor families and proteins which regulate Rho GTPase signaling and actin polymerization/depolymerization in neural development and differentiation. KS decorates a number of peripheral nervous system/CNS proteoglycan (PG) core proteins. The astrocyte KS-PG abakan defines functional margins of the brain and is up-regulated following trauma. The chondroitin sulfate/KS PG aggrecan forms perineuronal nets which are dynamic neuroprotective structures with anti-oxidant properties and roles in neural differentiation, development and synaptic plasticity. Brain phosphacan a chondroitin sulfate, KS, HNK-1 PG have roles in neural development and repair. The intracellular microtubule and synaptic vesicle KS-PGs MAP1B and SV2 have roles in metabolite transport, storage, and export of neurotransmitters and cytoskeletal assembly. MAP1B has binding sites for tubulin and actin through which it promotes cytoskeletal development in growth cones and is highly expressed during neurite extension. The interactive capability of KS with neuroregulatory ligands indicate varied roles for KS-PGs in development and regenerative neural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Northern Campus, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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46
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Nouha H, Olfa H, Nouha F, Sawsan F, Salma S, Hanen HK, Mariem D, Chokri M. Combined central and peripheral demyelination: A case report and literature review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY 2019; 18:35-37. [PMID: 31316735 PMCID: PMC6626605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Nouha
- Department of Neurology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hdiji Olfa
- Department of Neurology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Farhat Nouha
- Department of Neurology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Feki Sawsan
- Department of Immunology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sakka Salma
- Department of Neurology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haj Kacem Hanen
- Department of Neurology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dammak Mariem
- Department of Neurology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mhiri Chokri
- Department of Neurology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
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47
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Yermakov LM, Hong LA, Drouet DE, Griggs RB, Susuki K. Functional Domains in Myelinated Axons. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1190:65-83. [PMID: 31760639 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9636-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Propagation of action potentials along axons is optimized through interactions between neurons and myelinating glial cells. Myelination drives division of the axons into distinct molecular domains including nodes of Ranvier. The high density of voltage-gated sodium channels at nodes generates action potentials allowing for rapid and efficient saltatory nerve conduction. At paranodes flanking both sides of the nodes, myelinating glial cells interact with axons, forming junctions that are essential for node formation and maintenance. Recent studies indicate that the disruption of these specialized axonal domains is involved in the pathophysiology of various neurological diseases. Loss of paranodal axoglial junctions due to genetic mutations or autoimmune attack against the paranodal proteins leads to nerve conduction failure and neurological symptoms. Breakdown of nodal and paranodal proteins by calpains, the calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, may be a common mechanism involved in various nervous system diseases and injuries. This chapter reviews recent progress in neurobiology and pathophysiology of specialized axonal domains along myelinated nerve fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid M Yermakov
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Lulu A Hong
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Domenica E Drouet
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Ryan B Griggs
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Keiichiro Susuki
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.
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48
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Chatterjee M, Koel-Simmelink MJ, Verberk IM, Killestein J, Vrenken H, Enzinger C, Ropele S, Fazekas F, Khalil M, Teunissen CE. Contactin-1 and contactin-2 in cerebrospinal fluid as potential biomarkers for axonal domain dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2018; 4:2055217318819535. [PMID: 30627437 PMCID: PMC6305953 DOI: 10.1177/2055217318819535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Contactin-1 and contactin-2 are important for the maintenance of axonal integrity. Objective To investigate the cerebrospinal fluid levels of contactin-1 and contactin-2 in multiple sclerosis patients and controls, and their potential use as prognostic markers for neurodegeneration. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid contactin-1 and contactin-2 were measured in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (n = 41), secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (n = 26) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis patients (n = 13) and controls (n = 18), and in a second cohort with clinically isolated syndrome patients (n = 88, median clinical follow-up period of 2.3 years) and controls (n = 20). Correlations/linear regressions were analysed with other baseline cerebrospinal fluid axonal damage markers and cross-sectional/longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging features. Results Contactin-1 and contactin-2 levels were up to 1.4-fold reduced in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (contactin-1: p = 0.01, contactin-2: p = 0.02) and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (contactin-1: p = 0.05, contactin-2: p = 0.02) compared to controls. In clinically isolated syndrome patients, contactin-1 tended to increase when compared to controls (p = 0.07). Both contactin-1 and contactin-2 correlated with neurofilament light, neurofilament heavy and magnetic resonance imaging metrics differently depending on the disease stage. In clinically isolated syndrome patients, baseline contactin-2 level (β = –0.42, p = 0.04) predicted the longitudinal decline in cortex volume. Conclusion Cerebrospinal fluid contactin-1 and contactin-2 reveal axonal dysfunction in various stages of multiple sclerosis and their inclusion to the biomarker panel may provide better insight into the extent of axonal damage/dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Chatterjee
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Ja Koel-Simmelink
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Mw Verberk
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Joep Killestein
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Vrenken
- Department of Radiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan Ropele
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Franz Fazekas
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Khalil
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
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Kunisawa K, Shimizu T, Kushima I, Aleksic B, Mori D, Osanai Y, Kobayashi K, Taylor AM, Bhat MA, Hayashi A, Baba H, Ozaki N, Ikenaka K. Dysregulation of schizophrenia-related aquaporin 3 through disruption of paranode influences neuronal viability. J Neurochem 2018; 147:395-408. [PMID: 30025158 PMCID: PMC6205917 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Myelinated axons segregate the axonal membrane into four defined regions: the node of Ranvier, paranode, juxtaparanode, and internode. The paranodal junction consists of specific component proteins, such as neurofascin155 (NF155) on the glial side, and Caspr and Contactin on the axonal side. Although paranodal junctions are thought to play crucial roles in rapid saltatory conduction and nodal assembly, the role of their interaction with neurons is not fully understood. In a previous study, conditional NF155 knockout in oligodendrocytes led to disorganization of the paranodal junctions. To examine if disruption of paranodal junctions affects neuronal gene expression, we prepared total RNA from the retina of NF155 conditional knockout, and performed expression analysis. We found that the expression level of 433 genes changed in response to paranodal junction ablation. Interestingly, expression of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) was significantly reduced in NF155 conditional knockout mice, but not in cerebroside sulfotransferase knockout (CST-KO) mice, whose paranodes are not originally formed during development. Copy number variations have an important role in the etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). We observed rare duplications of AQP3 in SCZ patients, suggesting a correlation between abnormal AQP3 expression and SCZ. To determine if AQP3 over-expression in NF155 conditional knockout mice influences neuronal function, we performed adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated over-expression of AQP3 in the motor cortex of mice and found a significant increase in caspase 3-dependent neuronal apoptosis in AQP3-transduced cells. This study may provide new insights into therapeutic approaches for SCZ by regulating AQP3 expression, which is associated with paranodal disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Kunisawa
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Osanai
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Anna M. Taylor
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78229-3900, USA
| | - Manzoor A. Bhat
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78229-3900, USA
| | - Akiko Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroko Baba
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikenaka
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
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Abstract
The speed of impulse transmission is critical for optimal neural circuit function, but it is unclear how the appropriate conduction velocity is established in individual axons. The velocity of impulse transmission is influenced by the thickness of the myelin sheath and the morphology of electrogenic nodes of Ranvier along axons. Here we show that myelin thickness and nodal gap length are reversibly altered by astrocytes, glial cells that contact nodes of Ranvier. Thrombin-dependent proteolysis of a cell adhesion molecule that attaches myelin to the axon (neurofascin 155) is inhibited by vesicular release of thrombin protease inhibitors from perinodal astrocytes. Transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative fragment of VAMP2 in astrocytes, to reduce exocytosis by 50%, exhibited detachment of adjacent paranodal loops of myelin from the axon, increased nodal gap length, and thinning of the myelin sheath in the optic nerve. These morphological changes alter the passive cable properties of axons to reduce conduction velocity and spike-time arrival in the CNS in parallel with a decrease in visual acuity. All effects were reversed by the thrombin inhibitor Fondaparinux. Similar results were obtained by viral transfection of tetanus toxin into astrocytes of rat corpus callosum. Previously, it was unknown how the myelin sheath could be thinned and the functions of perinodal astrocytes were not well understood. These findings describe a form of nervous system plasticity in which myelin structure and conduction velocity are adjusted by astrocytes. The thrombin-dependent cleavage of neurofascin 155 may also have relevance to myelin disruption and repair.
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