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Usey MM, Ruberto AA, Huet D. The Toxoplasma gondii homolog of ATPase inhibitory factor 1 is critical for mitochondrial cristae maintenance and stress response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.09.607411. [PMID: 39149366 PMCID: PMC11326266 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.09.607411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The production of energy in the form of ATP by the mitochondrial ATP synthase must be tightly controlled. One well-conserved form of regulation is mediated via ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1), which governs ATP synthase activity and gene expression patterns through a cytoprotective process known as mitohormesis. In apicomplexans, the processes regulating ATP synthase activity are not fully elucidated. Using the model apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii, we found that knockout and overexpression of TgIF1, the structural homolog of IF1, significantly affected gene expression. Additionally, TgIF1 overexpression resulted in the formation of a stable TgIF1 oligomer that increased the presence of higher order ATP synthase oligomers. We also show that parasites lacking TgIF1 exhibit reduced mitochondrial cristae density, and that while TgIF1 levels do not affect growth in conventional culture conditions, they are crucial for parasite survival under hypoxia. Interestingly, TgIF1 overexpression enhances recovery from oxidative stress, suggesting a mitohormetic function. In summary, while TgIF1 does not appear to play a role in metabolic regulation under conventional growth conditions, our work highlights its importance for adapting to stressors faced by T. gondii and other apicomplexans throughout their intricate life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelaine M. Usey
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anthony A. Ruberto
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Diego Huet
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Cui Y, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Di X, Zhang H. Benzoylaconine Protects Skeletal Muscle Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Activation of IF1-Dependent AMPK/Nrf2 Axis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:2125-2142. [PMID: 38882050 PMCID: PMC11178076 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s456699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aconitum carmichaelii (Fuzi) has been conventionally used to cure a variety of ailments, such as pain, cold sensations, and numbness of limb muscles (Bi Zheng) in China. Our prior investigations identified Benzoylaconine (BAC) as a bioactive alkaloid derived from Aconitum carmichaelii, with other studies also demonstrating its significant pharmacological potential. Purpose This study aimed to explore the potential of BAC as a protective agent against skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods In vivo models involved subjecting Sprague-Dawley rats to I/R through femoral artery ligation followed by reperfusion, while in vitro models utilized C2C12 cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). CCK-8 assay was used to assess cell viability. TUNEL staining and flow cytometric analysis were used to measure cell apoptosis. Biochemical assay was used to assess skeletal muscle injury and oxidative stress. Immunofluorescence and Western blot were performed to determine protein levels. Results BAC effectively protected muscle tissue from I/R injury, enhancing cell viability (p<0.01), elevating SOD levels (p<0.05), and reducing CK (p<0.01), LDH (p<0.01), ROS (p<0.01), MDA (p<0.01), and apoptosis-related molecules in vivo and in vitro (p<0.05, p<0.01). Mechanistically, BAC increased the expression of IF1, phosphorylated AMPK, facilitated the translocation of nuclear Nrf2, and induced the expression of HO-1 (p<0.01). Notably, AMPK inhibitor Compound C significantly hindered the ability of BAC to ameliorate H/R-induced cell injury (p<0.05), oxidative stress(p<0.01), and apoptosis (p<0.05), as well as promote Nrf2 nuclear translocation (p<0.01). Moreover, silencing of IF1 with siRNA abolished BAC-induced activation of AMPK/Nrf2 axis (p<0.01). Conclusion Our study provides novel evidence supporting the potential of BAC as a myocyte-protective agent against I/R injury, and we establish a previously unknown mechanism involving the activation of the IF1-dependent AMPK/Nrf2 axis in mediating the protective effects of BAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Cui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingming Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Di
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
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Lhuissier C, Desquiret-Dumas V, Girona A, Alban J, Faure J, Cassereau J, Codron P, Lenaers G, Baris OR, Gueguen N, Chevrollier A. Mitochondrial F0F1-ATP synthase governs the induction of mitochondrial fission. iScience 2024; 27:109808. [PMID: 38741710 PMCID: PMC11089353 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics is a process that balances fusion and fission events, the latter providing a mechanism for segregating dysfunctional mitochondria. Fission is controlled by the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) cleavage, and DRP1 recruitment. It is thought that this process is closely linked to the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC). However, we report here that MRC inhibition does not decrease ΔΨm nor increase fission, as evidenced by hyperconnected mitochondria. Conversely, blocking F0F1-ATP synthase activity induces fragmentation. We show that the F0F1-ATP synthase is sensing the inhibition of MRC activity by immediately promoting its reverse mode of action to hydrolyze matrix ATP and restoring ΔΨm, thus preventing fission. While this reverse mode is expected to be inhibited by the ATPase inhibitor ATPIF1, we show that this sensing is independent of this factor. We have unraveled an unexpected role of F0F1-ATP synthase in controlling the induction of fission by sensing and maintaining ΔΨm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Lhuissier
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Valérie Desquiret-Dumas
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Anaïs Girona
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Jennifer Alban
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Justine Faure
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Julien Cassereau
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Department of Neurology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Philippe Codron
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Department of Neurology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Department of Neurology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Olivier R. Baris
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Naïg Gueguen
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Arnaud Chevrollier
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
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Fehsel K, Bouvier ML, Capobianco L, Lunetti P, Klein B, Oldiges M, Majora M, Löffler S. Neuroreceptor Inhibition by Clozapine Triggers Mitohormesis and Metabolic Reprogramming in Human Blood Cells. Cells 2024; 13:762. [PMID: 38727298 PMCID: PMC11083702 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The antipsychotic drug clozapine demonstrates superior efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but its intracellular mode of action is not completely understood. Here, we analysed the effects of clozapine (2.5-20 µM) on metabolic fluxes, cell respiration, and intracellular ATP in human HL60 cells. Some results were confirmed in leukocytes of clozapine-treated patients. Neuroreceptor inhibition under clozapine reduced Akt activation with decreased glucose uptake, thereby inducing ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR). Metabolic profiling by liquid-chromatography/mass-spectrometry revealed downregulation of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, thereby saving glucose to keep the electron transport chain working. Mitochondrial respiration was dampened by upregulation of the F0F1-ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) leading to 30-40% lower oxygen consumption in HL60 cells. Blocking IF1 expression by cotreatment with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) increased apoptosis of HL60 cells. Upregulation of the mitochondrial citrate carrier shifted excess citrate to the cytosol for use in lipogenesis and for storage as triacylglycerol in lipid droplets (LDs). Accordingly, clozapine-treated HL60 cells and leukocytes from clozapine-treated patients contain more LDs than untreated cells. Since mitochondrial disturbances are described in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, clozapine-induced mitohormesis is an excellent way to escape energy deficits and improve cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Fehsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Bergische Landstrasse 2, 40629 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Marie-Luise Bouvier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Bergische Landstrasse 2, 40629 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Loredana Capobianco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Paola Lunetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Bianca Klein
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (B.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Marko Oldiges
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (B.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Marc Majora
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Stefan Löffler
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Sana Klinikum Offenbach, Teaching Hospital of Goethe University, Starkenburgring 66, 63069 Offenbach, Germany;
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Grandi M, Fabbian S, Solaini G, Baracca A, Bellanda M, Giorgio V. Peptides Targeting the IF1-ATP Synthase Complex Modulate the Permeability Transition Pore in Cancer HeLa Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4655. [PMID: 38731874 PMCID: PMC11083241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial protein IF1 is upregulated in many tumors and acts as a pro-oncogenic protein through its interaction with the ATP synthase and the inhibition of apoptosis. We have recently characterized the molecular nature of the IF1-Oligomycin Sensitivity Conferring Protein (OSCP) subunit interaction; however, it remains to be determined whether this interaction could be targeted for novel anti-cancer therapeutic intervention. We generated mitochondria-targeting peptides to displace IF1 from the OSCP interaction. The use of one selective peptide led to displacement of the inhibitor IF1 from ATP synthase, as shown by immunoprecipitation. NMR spectroscopy analysis, aimed at clarifying whether these peptides were able to directly bind to the OSCP protein, identified a second peptide which showed affinity for the N-terminal region of this subunit overlapping the IF1 binding region. In situ treatment with the membrane-permeable derivatives of these peptides in HeLa cells, that are silenced for the IF1 inhibitor protein, showed significant inhibition in mitochondrial permeability transition and no effects on mitochondrial respiration. These peptides mimic the effects of the IF1 inhibitor protein in cancer HeLa cells and confirm that the IF1-OSCP interaction inhibits apoptosis. A third peptide was identified which counteracts the anti-apoptotic role of IF1, showing that OSCP is a promising target for anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Grandi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Fabbian
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Bellanda
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Wei L, Feng Z, Dou Q, Tan L, Zhao X, Hao B. Dysregulation of MTFR2, ATP5IF1 and BAK1 in Sertoli cells relates to idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia via inhibiting mitochondrial fission and inducing mitochondrial dysfunction†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:408-418. [PMID: 37903059 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-obstructive azoospermia affects more than 10% of infertile men with over 70% patients are idiopathic with uncharacterized molecular mechanisms, which is referred as idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia. In this study, we checked the morphology of Sertoli cell mitochondria in testis biopsies from patients with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia and patients with obstructive azoospermia who have normal spermiogenesis. The expression of 104 genes controlling mitochondria fission and fusion were analyzed in three gene expression datasets including a total of 60 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. The levels of 7 candidate genes were detected in testis biopsies from 38 patients with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia and 24 patients with obstructive azoospermia who have normal spermatogenesis by RT-qPCR. Cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondria membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate production, oxygen consumption, and mitochondria morphology were examined in primary human Sertoli cells. Mouse spermatogonial stem cells were used to detect the cell supporting capacity of Sertoli cells. We observed that patients with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia had elongated mitochondria. MTFR2 and ATP5IF1 were downregulated, whereas BAK1 was upregulated in idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia testis and Sertoli cells. Sertoli cells from patients with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia had reduced viability, mitochondria membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate production, oxygen consumption rate, glycolysis and increased apoptosis. Knockdown MTFR2 in Sertoli cells increased the mitochondria size. Knockdown ATP5IF1 did not change mitochondrial morphology but increased adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis. Overexpression of BAK1 reduced membrane potential and upregulated cell apoptosis. The dysregulation of all these three genes contributed to the dysfunction of Sertoli cells, which provides a clue for idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zonggang Feng
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qian Dou
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Tan
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinghua Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bin Hao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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7
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da Silva JA, Martinez LO, Rolland Y, Najib S, Croyal M, Perret B, Jabrane-Ferrat N, El Costa H, Guyonnet S, Vellas B, de Souto Barreto P. Plasma Level of ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 and Intrinsic Capacity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Prospective Data From the MAPT Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glad142. [PMID: 37280149 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrinsic capacity (IC) is a concept related to functionality that reflects healthy aging. ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) is a multifaceted protein that regulates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and may be involved in IC. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between plasma levels of IF1 and IC changes in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Community-dwelling older adults from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT Study) were enrolled in this study. A composite IC score was calculated based on 4 IC domains: locomotion, psychological dimension, cognition, and vitality (with data available annually over 4 years of follow-up). Secondary analyses were conducted on the sensory domain (with data available only for 1 year of follow-up). Mixed-model linear regression adjusted for confounders was conducted. RESULTS A total of 1 090 participants with usable IF1 values were included in the study (75.3 ± 4.4 years; 64% females). Compared to the lowest quartile, both the low- and high-intermediate IF1 quartiles were found to be cross-sectionally associated with greater composite IC scores across 4 domains (βlow-intermediate, 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06-2.60 and βhigh-intermediate, 1.78; 95% CI 0.49-3.06). In the secondary analyses, the highest quartile was found to be associated with a slower decline in composite IC scores across 5 domains over 1 year (βhigh 1.60; 95% CI 0.06-3.15). The low- and high-intermediate IF1 quartiles were also found to be cross-sectionally associated with greater locomotion (βlow-intermediate, 2.72; 95% CI 0.36-5.08) and vitality scores (βhigh-intermediate, 1.59; 95% CI 0.06-3.12), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate that levels of circulating IF1, a mitochondrial-related biomarker, are associated with IC composite scores in both cross-sectional and prospective analyses among community-dwelling older adults. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms that may explain these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Aragoni da Silva
- Institut du Vieillissement, Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent O Martinez
- LiMitAging, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Rolland
- Institut du Vieillissement, Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Souad Najib
- LiMitAging, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, BioCore, US16, SFR Bonamy, F-44000 Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Perret
- LiMitAging, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Nabila Jabrane-Ferrat
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM-CNRS-University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Hicham El Costa
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM-CNRS-University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Institut du Vieillissement, Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Institut du Vieillissement, Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Institut du Vieillissement, Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Sgarbi G, Righetti R, Del Dotto V, Grillini S, Giorgio V, Baracca A, Solaini G. The pro-oncogenic protein IF 1 does not contribute to the Warburg effect and is not regulated by PKA in cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166879. [PMID: 37689158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous inhibitor of mitochondrial F1Fo-ATPase (ATP synthase), IF1, has been shown to exert pro-oncogenic actions, including reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism (Warburg effect). The latter action of IF1 has been reported to be hampered by its PKA-dependent phosphorylation, but both reprogramming of metabolism and PKA-dependent phosphorylation are intensely debated. To clarify these critical issues, we prepared stably IF1-silenced clones and compared their bioenergetics with that of the three parental IF1-expressing cancer cell lines. All functional parameters: respiration rate, ATP synthesis rate (OXPHOS), and mitochondrial membrane potential were similar in IF1-silenced and control cells, clearly indicating that IF1 cannot inhibit the ATP synthase in cancer cells when the enzyme works physiologically. Furthermore, all cell types exposed to PKA modulators and energized with NAD+-dependent substrates or succinate showed similar OXPHOS rate regardless of the presence or absence of IF1. Therefore, our results rule out that IF1 action is modulated by its PKA-dependent phosphorylated/dephosphorylated state. Notably, cells exposed to a negative PKA modulator and energized with NAD+-dependent substrates showed a significant decrease of the OXPHOS rate matching previously reported inactivation of complex I. Overall, this study definitively demonstrates that IF1 inhibits neither mitochondrial ATP synthase nor OXPHOS in normoxic cancer cells and does not contribute to the Warburg effect. Thus, currently the protection of cancer cells from severe hypoxia/anoxia and apoptosis remain the only unquestionable actions of IF1 as pro-oncogenic factor that may be exploited to develop therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Righetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Del Dotto
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Grillini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Righetti R, Grillini S, Del Dotto V, Costanzini A, Liuzzi F, Zanna C, Sgarbi G, Solaini G, Baracca A. The Pro-Oncogenic Protein IF 1 Promotes Proliferation of Anoxic Cancer Cells during Re-Oxygenation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14624. [PMID: 37834071 PMCID: PMC10572598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells overexpress IF1, the endogenous protein that inhibits the hydrolytic activity of ATP synthase when mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔμH+) falls, as in ischemia. Other roles have been ascribed to IF1, but the associated molecular mechanisms are still under debate. We investigated the ability of IF1 to promote survival and proliferation in osteosarcoma and colon carcinoma cells exposed to conditions mimicking ischemia and reperfusion, as occurs in vivo, particularly in solid tumors. IF1-silenced and parental cells were exposed to the FCCP uncoupler to collapse ΔμH+ and the bioenergetics of cell models were validated. All the uncoupled cells preserved mitochondrial mass, but the implemented mechanisms differed in IF1-expressing and IF1-silenced cells. Indeed, the membrane potential collapse and the energy charge preservation allowed an increase in both mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in IF1-expressing cells only. Interestingly, the presence of IF1 also conferred a proliferative advantage to cells highly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation when the uncoupler was washed out, mimicking cell re-oxygenation. Overall, our results indicate that IF1, by allowing energy preservation and promoting mitochondrial renewal, can favor proliferation of anoxic cells and tumor growth. Therefore, hindering the action of IF1 may be promising for the therapy of tumors that rely on oxidative phosphorylation for energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Righetti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Silvia Grillini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Valentina Del Dotto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Costanzini
- Department of Translational Medicine, St. Anna University Hospital, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Francesca Liuzzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Maternal-Infantile and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio-Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Claudia Zanna
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
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10
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Galber C, Fabbian S, Gatto C, Grandi M, Carissimi S, Acosta MJ, Sgarbi G, Tiso N, Argenton F, Solaini G, Baracca A, Bellanda M, Giorgio V. The mitochondrial inhibitor IF1 binds to the ATP synthase OSCP subunit and protects cancer cells from apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:54. [PMID: 36690622 PMCID: PMC9870916 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial protein IF1 binds to the catalytic domain of the ATP synthase and inhibits ATP hydrolysis in ischemic tissues. Moreover, IF1 is overexpressed in many tumors and has been shown to act as a pro-oncogenic protein, although its mechanism of action is still debated. Here, we show that ATP5IF1 gene disruption in HeLa cells decreases colony formation in soft agar and tumor mass development in xenografts, underlining the role of IF1 in cancer. Notably, the lack of IF1 does not affect proliferation or oligomycin-sensitive mitochondrial respiration, but it sensitizes the cells to the opening of the permeability transition pore (PTP). Immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation analysis show that IF1 binds to the ATP synthase OSCP subunit in HeLa cells under oxidative phosphorylation conditions. The IF1-OSCP interaction is confirmed by NMR spectroscopy analysis of the recombinant soluble proteins. Overall, our results suggest that the IF1-OSCP interaction protects cancer cells from PTP-dependent apoptosis under normoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Galber
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, I-35121, Italy
| | - Simone Fabbian
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Padova, Padova, I-35121, Italy
| | - Cristina Gatto
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy
| | - Martina Grandi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy
| | - Stefania Carissimi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, I-35121, Italy
| | - Manuel Jesus Acosta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, I-35121, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | | | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy
| | - Massimo Bellanda
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Padova, Padova, I-35121, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy.
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, I-35121, Italy.
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11
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Wyant GA, Yu W, Doulamis IIP, Nomoto RS, Saeed MY, Duignan T, McCully JD, Kaelin WG. Mitochondrial remodeling and ischemic protection by G protein-coupled receptor 35 agonists. Science 2022; 377:621-629. [PMID: 35926043 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KynA) is tissue protective in cardiac, cerebral, renal, and retinal ischemia models, but the mechanism is unknown. KynA can bind to multiple receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, the a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (a7nAChR), multiple ionotropic glutamate receptors, and the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR35. Here, we show that GPR35 activation was necessary and sufficient for ischemic protection by KynA. When bound by KynA, GPR35 activated Gi- and G12/13-coupled signaling and trafficked to the outer mitochondria membrane, where it bound, apparantly indirectly, to ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1 (ATPIF1). Activated GPR35, in an ATPIF1-dependent and pertussis toxin-sensitive manner, induced ATP synthase dimerization, which prevented ATP loss upon ischemia. These findings provide a rationale for the development of specific GPR35 agonists for the treatment of ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Wyant
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Wenyu Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - IIias P Doulamis
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rio S Nomoto
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mossab Y Saeed
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Thomas Duignan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - James D McCully
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - William G Kaelin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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12
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Gatto C, Grandi M, Solaini G, Baracca A, Giorgio V. The F1Fo-ATPase inhibitor protein IF1 in pathophysiology. Front Physiol 2022; 13:917203. [PMID: 35991181 PMCID: PMC9389554 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.917203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous inhibitor of ATP synthase is a protein of about 10 kDa, known as IF1 which binds to the catalytic domain of the enzyme during ATP hydrolysis. The main role of IF1 consists of limiting ATP dissipation under condition of severe oxygen deprivation or in the presence of dysfunctions of mitochondrial respiratory complexes, causing a collapse in mitochondrial membrane potential and therefore ATP hydrolysis. New roles of IF1 are emerging in the fields of cancer and neurodegeneration. Its high expression levels in tumor tissues have been associated with different roles favouring tumor formation, progression and evasion. Since discordant mechanisms of action have been proposed for IF1 in tumors, it is of the utmost importance to clarify them in the prospective of defining novel approaches for cancer therapy. Other IF1 functions, including its involvement in mitophagy, may be protective for neurodegenerative and aging-related diseases. In the present review we aim to clarify and discuss the emerging mechanisms in which IF1 is involved, providing a critical view of the discordant findings in the literature.
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13
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Gore E, Duparc T, Genoux A, Perret B, Najib S, Martinez LO. The Multifaceted ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1) in Energy Metabolism Reprogramming and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A New Player in Age-Associated Disorders? Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:370-393. [PMID: 34605675 PMCID: PMC9398489 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, comprising the electron transport chain and ATP synthase, generates membrane potential, drives ATP synthesis, governs energy metabolism, and maintains redox balance. OXPHOS dysfunction is associated with a plethora of diseases ranging from rare inherited disorders to common conditions, including diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, as well as aging. There has been great interest in studying regulators of OXPHOS. Among these, ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) is an endogenous inhibitor of ATP synthase that has long been thought to avoid the consumption of cellular ATP when ATP synthase acts as an ATP hydrolysis enzyme. Recent Advances: Recent data indicate that IF1 inhibits ATP synthesis and is involved in a multitude of mitochondrial-related functions, such as mitochondrial quality control, energy metabolism, redox balance, and cell fate. IF1 also inhibits the ATPase activity of cell-surface ATP synthase, and it is used as a cardiovascular disease biomarker. Critical Issues: Although recent data have led to a paradigm shift regarding IF1 functions, these have been poorly studied in entire organisms and in different organs. The understanding of the cellular biology of IF1 is, therefore, still limited. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the current understanding of the role of IF1 in mitochondrial functions, health, and diseases. Future Directions: Further investigations of IF1 functions at the cell, organ, and whole-organism levels and in different pathophysiological conditions will help decipher the controversies surrounding its involvement in mitochondrial function and could unveil therapeutic strategies in human pathology. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 370-393.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Gore
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Thibaut Duparc
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Annelise Genoux
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Service de Biochimie, Pôle de biologie, Hôpital de Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Perret
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Service de Biochimie, Pôle de biologie, Hôpital de Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Souad Najib
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
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14
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Galkina KV, Zubareva VM, Kashko ND, Lapashina AS, Markova OV, Feniouk BA, Knorre DA. Heterogeneity of Starved Yeast Cells in IF1 Levels Suggests the Role of This Protein in vivo. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:816622. [PMID: 35401495 PMCID: PMC8984185 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.816622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mitochondria, a small protein IF1 suppresses the hydrolytic activity of ATP synthase and presumably prevents excessive ATP hydrolysis under conditions of energy deprivation. In yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, IF1 homologs are encoded by two paralogous genes: INH1 and STF1. INH1 expression is known to aggravate the deleterious effects of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion. Surprisingly, no beneficial effects of INH1 and STF1 were documented for yeast so far, and the functions of INH1 and STF1 in wild type cells are unclear. Here, we put forward a hypothesis that INH1 and STF1 bring advantage during the fast start of proliferation after reentry into exponential growth from post-diauxic or stationary phases. We found that yeast cells increase the concentration of both proteins in the post-diauxic phase. Post-diauxic phase yeast cells formed two subpopulations distinct in Inh1p and Stf1p concentrations. Upon exit from the post-diauxic phase cells with high level of Inh1-GFP started growing earlier than cells devoid of Inh1-GFP. However, double deletion of INH1 and STF1 did not increase the lag period necessary for stationary phase yeast cells to start growing after reinoculation into the fresh medium. These results point to a redundancy of the mechanisms preventing uncontrolled ATP hydrolysis during energy deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia V. Galkina
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria M. Zubareva
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliia D. Kashko
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna S. Lapashina
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Markova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris A. Feniouk
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Knorre
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Dmitry A. Knorre,
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15
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Križančić Bombek L, Čater M. Skeletal Muscle Uncoupling Proteins in Mice Models of Obesity. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030259. [PMID: 35323702 PMCID: PMC8955650 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and accompanying type 2 diabetes are among major and increasing worldwide problems that occur fundamentally due to excessive energy intake during its expenditure. Endotherms continuously consume a certain amount of energy to maintain core body temperature via thermogenic processes, mainly in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle glucose utilization and heat production are significant and directly linked to body glucose homeostasis at rest, and especially during physical activity. However, this glucose balance is impaired in diabetic and obese states in humans and mice, and manifests as glucose resistance and altered muscle cell metabolism. Uncoupling proteins have a significant role in converting electrochemical energy into thermal energy without ATP generation. Different homologs of uncoupling proteins were identified, and their roles were linked to antioxidative activity and boosting glucose and lipid metabolism. From this perspective, uncoupling proteins were studied in correlation to the pathogenesis of diabetes and obesity and their possible treatments. Mice were extensively used as model organisms to study the physiology and pathophysiology of energy homeostasis. However, we should be aware of interstrain differences in mice models of obesity regarding thermogenesis and insulin resistance in skeletal muscles. Therefore, in this review, we gathered up-to-date knowledge on skeletal muscle uncoupling proteins and their effect on insulin sensitivity in mouse models of obesity and diabetes.
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16
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San Martín A, Arce-Molina R, Aburto C, Baeza-Lehnert F, Barros LF, Contreras-Baeza Y, Pinilla A, Ruminot I, Rauseo D, Sandoval PY. Visualizing physiological parameters in cells and tissues using genetically encoded indicators for metabolites. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:34-58. [PMID: 35183660 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of metabolism is undergoing a renaissance. Since the year 2002, over 50 genetically-encoded fluorescent indicators (GEFIs) have been introduced, capable of monitoring metabolites with high spatial/temporal resolution using fluorescence microscopy. Indicators are fusion proteins that change their fluorescence upon binding a specific metabolite. There are indicators for sugars, monocarboxylates, Krebs cycle intermediates, amino acids, cofactors, and energy nucleotides. They permit monitoring relative levels, concentrations, and fluxes in living systems. At a minimum they report relative levels and, in some cases, absolute concentrations may be obtained by performing ad hoc calibration protocols. Proper data collection, processing, and interpretation are critical to take full advantage of these new tools. This review offers a survey of the metabolic indicators that have been validated in mammalian systems. Minimally invasive, these indicators have been instrumental for the purposes of confirmation, rebuttal and discovery. We envision that this powerful technology will foster metabolic physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A San Martín
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile.
| | - R Arce-Molina
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
| | - C Aburto
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - L F Barros
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Y Contreras-Baeza
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - A Pinilla
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - I Ruminot
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
| | - D Rauseo
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - P Y Sandoval
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
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17
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Rieger B, Arroum T, Borowski M, Villalta J, Busch KB. Mitochondrial F 1 F O ATP synthase determines the local proton motive force at cristae rims. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52727. [PMID: 34595823 PMCID: PMC8647149 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical view of oxidative phosphorylation is that a proton motive force (PMF) generated by the respiratory chain complexes fuels ATP synthesis via ATP synthase. Yet, under glycolytic conditions, ATP synthase in its reverse mode also can contribute to the PMF. Here, we dissected these two functions of ATP synthase and the role of its inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) under different metabolic conditions. pH profiles of mitochondrial sub-compartments were recorded with high spatial resolution in live mammalian cells by positioning a pH sensor directly at ATP synthase's F1 and FO subunits, complex IV and in the matrix. Our results clearly show that ATP synthase activity substantially controls the PMF and that IF1 is essential under OXPHOS conditions to prevent reverse ATP synthase activity due to an almost negligible ΔpH. In addition, we show how this changes lateral, transmembrane, and radial pH gradients in glycolytic and respiratory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Rieger
- Institute of Molecular Cell BiologySchool of BiologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Tasnim Arroum
- Institute of Molecular Cell BiologySchool of BiologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Marie‐Theres Borowski
- Institute of Molecular Cell BiologySchool of BiologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Jimmy Villalta
- Institute of Molecular Cell BiologySchool of BiologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Karin B Busch
- Institute of Molecular Cell BiologySchool of BiologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
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18
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Kondo K, Izumi M, Inabe K, Yoshida K, Imashimizu M, Suzuki T, Hisabori T. The phototroph-specific β-hairpin structure of the γ subunit of F oF 1-ATP synthase is important for efficient ATP synthesis of cyanobacteria. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101027. [PMID: 34339736 PMCID: PMC8390522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The FoF1 synthase produces ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. The γ subunit of FoF1 ATP synthase in photosynthetic organisms, which is the rotor subunit of this enzyme, contains a characteristic β-hairpin structure. This structure is formed from an insertion sequence that has been conserved only in phototrophs. Using recombinant subcomplexes, we previously demonstrated that this region plays an essential role in the regulation of ATP hydrolysis activity, thereby functioning in controlling intracellular ATP levels in response to changes in the light environment. However, the role of this region in ATP synthesis has long remained an open question because its analysis requires the preparation of the whole FoF1 complex and a transmembrane proton-motive force. In this study, we successfully prepared proteoliposomes containing the entire FoF1 ATP synthase from a cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, and measured ATP synthesis/hydrolysis and proton-translocating activities. The relatively simple genetic manipulation of Synechocystis enabled the biochemical investigation of the role of the β-hairpin structure of FoF1 ATP synthase and its activities. We further performed physiological analyses of Synechocystis mutant strains lacking the β-hairpin structure, which provided novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of FoF1 ATP synthase in cyanobacteria via the phototroph-specific region of the γ subunit. Our results indicated that this structure critically contributes to ATP synthesis and suppresses ATP hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Kondo
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Izumi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Inabe
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshida
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mari Imashimizu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Suzuki
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Hisabori
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
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19
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Solaini G, Sgarbi G, Baracca A. The F1Fo-ATPase inhibitor, IF1, is a critical regulator of energy metabolism in cancer cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:815-827. [PMID: 33929490 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, IF1, the endogenous inhibitor of the mitochondrial F1Fo-ATPase (ATP synthase) has assumed greater and ever greater interest since it has been found to be overexpressed in many cancers. At present, several findings indicate that IF1 is capable of playing a central role in cancer cells by promoting metabolic reprogramming, proliferation and resistance to cell death. However, the mechanism(s) at the basis of this pro-oncogenic action of IF1 remains elusive. Here, we recall the main features of the mechanism of the action of IF1 when the ATP synthase works in reverse, and discuss the experimental evidence that support its relevance in cancer cells. In particular, a clear pro-oncogenic action of IF1 is to avoid wasting of ATP when cancer cells are exposed to anoxia or near anoxia conditions, therefore favoring cell survival and tumor growth. However, more recently, various papers have described IF1 as an inhibitor of the ATP synthase when it is working physiologically (i.e. synthethizing ATP), and therefore reprogramming cell metabolism to aerobic glycolysis. In contrast, other studies excluded IF1 as an inhibitor of ATP synthase under normoxia, providing the basis for a hot debate. This review focuses on the role of IF1 as a modulator of the ATP synthase in normoxic cancer cells with the awareness that the knowledge of the molecular action of IF1 on the ATP synthase is crucial in unravelling the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for the pro-oncogenic role of IF1 in cancer and in developing related anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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20
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Weissert V, Rieger B, Morris S, Arroum T, Psathaki OE, Zobel T, Perkins G, Busch KB. Inhibition of the mitochondrial ATPase function by IF1 changes the spatiotemporal organization of ATP synthase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148322. [PMID: 33065099 PMCID: PMC7718977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
• Mitochondrial F1FO ATP synthase is the key enzyme for mitochondrial bioenergetics. Dimeric F1FO-ATP synthase, is preferentially located at the edges of the cristae and its oligomerization state determines mitochondrial ultrastructure. The ATP synthase inhibitor protein IF1 modulates not only ATP synthase activity but also regulates both the structure and function of mitochondria. In order to understand this in more detail, we have investigated the effect of IF1 on the spatiotemporal organization of the ATP synthase. Stable cell lines were generated that overexpressed IF1 and constitutively active IF1-H49K. The expression of IF1-H49K induced a change in the localization and mobility of the ATP synthase as analyzed by single molecule tracking and localization microscopy (TALM). In addition, the ultrastructure and function of mitochondria in cells with higher levels of active IF1 displayed a gradual alteration. In state III, cristae structures were significantly altered. The inhibition of the hydrolase activity of the F1FO-ATP synthase by IF1 together with altered inner mitochondrial membrane caused re-localization and altered mobility of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Weissert
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Integrated Bioimaging Facility, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Bettina Rieger
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Silke Morris
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Tasnim Arroum
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Olympia Ekaterini Psathaki
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Integrated Bioimaging Facility, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Thomas Zobel
- Imaging Network, Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Guy Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Karin B Busch
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
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21
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Faccenda D, Gorini G, Jones A, Thornton C, Baracca A, Solaini G, Campanella M. The ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF 1) regulates the expression of the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter (MCU) via the AMPK/CREB pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118860. [PMID: 32956760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Faccenda
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, 4 Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Gorini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Adam Jones
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, 4 Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, United Kingdom; Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, St Thomas' Campus, King's College London, 163 Lambeth Palace Road, SE1 7EH London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Thornton
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, 4 Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, United Kingdom; Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, St Thomas' Campus, King's College London, 163 Lambeth Palace Road, SE1 7EH London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, 4 Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, United Kingdom; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research (CfMR), University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom..
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22
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Strobbe D, Pecorari R, Conte O, Minutolo A, Hendriks CMM, Wiezorek S, Faccenda D, Abeti R, Montesano C, Bolm C, Campanella M. NH-sulfoximine: A novel pharmacological inhibitor of the mitochondrial F 1 F o -ATPase, which suppresses viability of cancerous cells. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:298-311. [PMID: 33037618 PMCID: PMC9328437 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The mitochondrial F1Fo‐ATPsynthase is pivotal for cellular homeostasis. When respiration is perturbed, its mode of action everts becoming an F1Fo‐ATPase and therefore consuming rather producing ATP. Such a reversion is an obvious target for pharmacological intervention to counteract pathologies. Despite this, tools to selectively inhibit the phases of ATP hydrolysis without affecting the production of ATP remain scarce. Here, we report on a newly synthesised chemical, the NH‐sulfoximine (NHS), which achieves such a selectivity. Experimental Approach The chemical structure of the F1Fo‐ATPase inhibitor BTB‐06584 was used as a template to synthesise NHS. We assessed its pharmacology in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells in which we profiled ATP levels, redox signalling, autophagy pathways and cellular viability. NHS was given alone or in combination with either the glucose analogue 2‐deoxyglucose (2‐DG) or the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide. Key Results NHS selectively blocks the consumption of ATP by mitochondria leading a subtle cytotoxicity associated via the concomitant engagement of autophagy which impairs cell viability. NHS achieves such a function independently of the F1Fo‐ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1). Conclusion and Implications The novel sulfoximine analogue of BTB‐06584, NHS, acts as a selective pharmacological inhibitor of the mitochondrial F1Fo‐ATPase. NHS, by blocking the hydrolysis of ATP perturbs the bioenergetic homoeostasis of cancer cells, leading to a non‐apoptotic type of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Strobbe
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalba Pecorari
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Oriana Conte
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Minutolo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research (CfMR), University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Stefan Wiezorek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Danilo Faccenda
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Rosella Abeti
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Carla Montesano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research (CfMR), University College London, London, UK.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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23
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Galber C, Acosta MJ, Minervini G, Giorgio V. The role of mitochondrial ATP synthase in cancer. Biol Chem 2020; 401:1199-1214. [PMID: 32769215 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial ATP synthase is a multi-subunit enzyme complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane which is essential for oxidative phosphorylation under physiological conditions. In this review, we analyse the enzyme functions involved in cancer progression by dissecting specific conditions in which ATP synthase contributes to cancer development or metastasis. Moreover, we propose the role of ATP synthase in the formation of the permeability transition pore (PTP) as an additional mechanism which controls tumour cell death. We further describe transcriptional and translational modifications of the enzyme subunits and of the inhibitor protein IF1 that may promote adaptations leading to cancer metabolism. Finally, we outline ATP synthase gene mutations and epigenetic modifications associated with cancer development or drug resistance, with the aim of highlighting this enzyme complex as a potential novel target for future anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Galber
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, V.le G. Colombo 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Manuel Jesus Acosta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, V.le G. Colombo 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Minervini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, V.le G. Colombo 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35121, Padova, Italy
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24
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Morelli AM, Ravera S, Calzia D, Panfoli I. An update of the chemiosmotic theory as suggested by possible proton currents inside the coupling membrane. Open Biol 2020; 9:180221. [PMID: 30966998 PMCID: PMC6501646 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how biological systems convert and store energy is a primary purpose of basic research. However, despite Mitchell's chemiosmotic theory, we are far from the complete description of basic processes such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and photosynthesis. After more than half a century, the chemiosmotic theory may need updating, thanks to the latest structural data on respiratory chain complexes. In particular, up-to date technologies, such as those using fluorescence indicators following proton displacements, have shown that proton translocation is lateral rather than transversal with respect to the coupling membrane. Furthermore, the definition of the physical species involved in the transfer (proton, hydroxonium ion or proton currents) is still an unresolved issue, even though the latest acquisitions support the idea that protonic currents, difficult to measure, are involved. Moreover, FoF1-ATP synthase ubiquitous motor enzyme has the peculiarity (unlike most enzymes) of affecting the thermodynamic equilibrium of ATP synthesis. It seems that the concept of diffusion of the proton charge expressed more than two centuries ago by Theodor von Grotthuss is to be taken into consideration to resolve these issues. All these uncertainties remind us that also in biology it is necessary to consider the Heisenberg indeterminacy principle, which sets limits to analytical questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Maria Morelli
- 1 Pharmacy Department, Biochemistry Lab, University of Genova , Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova , Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- 2 Experimental Medicine Department, University of Genova , Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genova , Italy
| | - Daniela Calzia
- 1 Pharmacy Department, Biochemistry Lab, University of Genova , Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova , Italy
| | - Isabella Panfoli
- 2 Experimental Medicine Department, University of Genova , Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genova , Italy
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25
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Huo LJ, Yang MC, Wang JX, Shi XZ. Mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor factor 1, MjATPIF1, is beneficial for WSSV replication in kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:245-254. [PMID: 31945484 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1) is a mitochondrial protein that functions as a physiological inhibitor of F1F0-ATP synthase. In the present study, a mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor factor 1 (MjATPIF1) was identified from kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus), which was demonstrated to participate in the viral immune reaction of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). MjATPIF1 contained a mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor (IATP) domain, and was widely distributed in hemocytes, heart, hepatopancreas, gills, stomach, and intestine of shrimp. MjATPIF1 transcription was upregulated in hemocytes and intestines by WSSV. WSSV replication decreased after MjATPIF1 knockdown by RNA interference and increased following recombinant MjATPIF1 protein injection. Further study found that MjATPIF1 promoted the production of superoxide and activated the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB, Dorsal) to induce the transcription of WSSV RNAs. These results demonstrate that MjATPIF1 benefits WSSV replication in kuruma shrimp by inducing superoxide production and NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Huo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Ming-Chong Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
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26
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ATP Synthase Subunit Epsilon Overexpression Promotes Metastasis by Modulating AMPK Signaling to Induce Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Is a Poor Prognostic Marker in Colorectal Cancer Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8071070. [PMID: 31330880 PMCID: PMC6678251 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8071070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis remains the major cause of death from colon cancer. We intend to identify differentially expressed genes that are associated with the metastatic process and prognosis in colon cancer. ATP synthase epsilon subunit (ATP5E) gene was found to encode the mitochondrial F0F1 ATP synthase subunit epsilon that was overexpressed in tumor cells compared to their normal counterparts, while other genes encoding the ATP synthase subunit were repressed in public microarray datasets. CRC cells in which ATP5E was silenced showed markedly reduced invasive and migratory abilities. ATP5E inhibition significantly reduced the incidence of distant metastasis in a mouse xenograft model. Mechanistically, increased ATP5E expression resulted in a prominent reduction in E-cadherin and an increase in Snail expression. Our data also showed that an elevated ATP5E level in metastatic colon cancer samples was significantly associated with the AMPK-AKT-hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) signaling axis; silencing ATP5E led to the degradation of HIF1α under hypoxia through AMPK-AKT signaling. Our findings suggest that elevated ATP5E expression could serve as a marker of distant metastasis and a poor prognosis in colon cancer, and ATP5E functions via modulating AMPK-AKT-HIF1α signaling.
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27
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Lunetti P, Di Giacomo M, Vergara D, De Domenico S, Maffia M, Zara V, Capobianco L, Ferramosca A. Metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer results in distinct mitochondrial bioenergetics between luminal and basal subtypes. FEBS J 2019; 286:688-709. [PMID: 30657636 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key feature of cancer and is frequently associated with increased aggressiveness and metastatic potential. Recent evidence has brought to light a metabolic rewiring that takes place during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that drives the invasive capability of malignant tumors, and highlights a mechanistic link between mitochondrial dysfunction and EMT that has been only partially investigated. In this study, we characterized mitochondrial function and bioenergetic status of cultured human breast cancer cell lines, including luminal-like and basal-like subtypes. Through a combination of biochemical and functional studies, we demonstrated that basal-like cell lines exhibit impaired, but not completely inactive, mitochondrial function, and rely on a consequent metabolic switch to glycolysis to support their ATP demand. These altered metabolic activities are linked to modifications of key electron transport chain proteins and a significant increase in levels of reactive oxygen species compared to luminal cells. Furthermore, we observed that the stable knockdown of EMT markers caused functional changes in mitochondria that result in acquisition of a hybrid glycolysis/OXPHOS phenotype in cancer cells as a means to sustain their metabolic demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lunetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mariangela Di Giacomo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Vergara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefania De Domenico
- Institute of Food Production Sciences, C.N.R. Unit of Lecce, Italy.,Biotecgen, c/o Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Lecce, Italy
| | - Michele Maffia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Zara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Loredana Capobianco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferramosca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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28
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Zhao X, Lang L, He L, Gao L, Chyan D, Xiong Y, Li H, Peng H, Teng Y. Intracellular reduction in ATP levels contributes to CYT997-induced suppression of metastasis of head and neck squamous carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1174-1182. [PMID: 30450674 PMCID: PMC6349165 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence rate of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has steadily increased over the past decade. However, treatment options for metastatic HNSCC are often limited and the 5‐year survival rate has remained static. Therefore, the development and assessment of more efficient but less toxic therapeutic strategies is an unmet need for treatment of more extensive HNSCC. Here, we report that CYT997, a novel microtubule‐disrupting agent, exerts strong activity in inhibiting HNSCC cell invasion and metastasis. The loss of invasion capacity by CYT997 was accompanied by an associated increase in cell adhesion and the reversal of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Increased expression of E‐cadherin protein and decreased expression of Vimentin protein became evident in HNSCC cells following CYT997 exposure, which were consistently observed in HNSCC xenografts from the mice receiving CYT997. Moreover, the capacity of invasive HNSCC cells to form pulmonary metastases was significantly blocked with CYT997 treatment, indicating that the diminishment of EMT traits contributes to CYT997‐suppressed metastasis. Intriguingly, CYT997 impaired intracellular ATP levels in HNSCC cells, at least in part, through its inhibitory effect on the mitochondrial protein IF1. The addition of ATP attenuated CYT997‐induced suppression of cell invasion, coupled with down‐regulation of E‐Cadherin and up‐regulation of Vimentin. These findings support a critical role of ATP levels in cell invasion and metastasis under the influence of CYT997. Collectively, our data unveil the mechanism involved in mediating CYT997 action, and provide preclinical rationale for possible clinical application of CYT997 as a novel therapeutic strategy against aggressive HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Liwei Lang
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Leilei He
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lixia Gao
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - David Chyan
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yuanping Xiong
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Hong Peng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Medical Laboratory, Imaging and Radiologic Sciences, College of Allied Health, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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29
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Tanton H, Voronina S, Evans A, Armstrong J, Sutton R, Criddle DN, Haynes L, Schmid MC, Campbell F, Costello E, Tepikin AV. F 1F 0-ATP Synthase Inhibitory Factor 1 in the Normal Pancreas and in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Effects on Bioenergetics, Invasion and Proliferation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:833. [PMID: 30050450 PMCID: PMC6050379 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
F1F0-ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) inhibits the reverse mode of F1F0-ATP synthase, and therefore protects cellular ATP content at the expense of accelerated loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). There is considerable variability in IF1 expression and its influence on bioenergetics between different cell types. High levels of IF1 in a number of cancers have been linked to increased glycolysis, resistance to cell death, increased migration and proliferation. However, neither the expression nor role of IF1 in the normal pancreas or in pancreatic cancer has been characterized. In this study, we found that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients express higher levels of IF1 in cancerous cells than in pancreatic acinar cells (PACs). PDAC cell lines have a higher IF1 content and IF1/ATP synthase ratio than PACs. The observed differences are consistent with the ability of the respective cell types to maintain ΔΨm and ATP levels in conditions of chemical hypoxia. Acinar cells and PDAC cells preferentially express different IF1 isoforms. Both knockdown and knockout of IF1 in the PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell line modified cellular bioenergetics and decreased migration, invasion and proliferation suggesting the putative importance of IF1 for PDAC growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Tanton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Svetlana Voronina
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Evans
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Armstrong
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David N. Criddle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Haynes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C. Schmid
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Campbell
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Eithne Costello
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alexei V. Tepikin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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30
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Sgarbi G, Gorini G, Liuzzi F, Solaini G, Baracca A. Hypoxia and IF₁ Expression Promote ROS Decrease in Cancer Cells. Cells 2018; 7:E64. [PMID: 29933600 PMCID: PMC6071258 DOI: 10.3390/cells7070064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the metabolic reprogramming of cells adapted to hypoxia and the interplay between ROS and hypoxia in malignancy is under debate. Here, we examined how ROS levels are modulated by hypoxia in human cancer compared to untransformed cells. Short time exposure (20 min) of either fibroblasts or 143B osteosarcoma cells to low oxygen tension down to 0.5% induced a significant decrease of the cellular ROS level, as detected by the CellROX fluorescent probe (−70%). Prolonging the cells’ exposure to hypoxia for 24 h, ROS decreased further, reaching nearly 20% of the normoxic value. In this regard, due to the debated role of the endogenous inhibitor protein (IF₁) of the ATP synthase complex in cancer cell bioenergetics, we investigated whether IF₁ is involved in the control of ROS generation under severe hypoxic conditions. A significant ROS content decrease was observed in hypoxia in both IF₁-expressing and IF₁- silenced cells compared to normoxia. However, IF₁-silenced cells showed higher ROS levels compared to IF1-containing cells. In addition, the MitoSOX Red-measured superoxide level of all the hypoxic cells was significantly lower compared to normoxia; however, the decrease was milder than the marked drop of ROS content. Accordingly, the difference between IF₁-expressing and IF₁-silenced cells was smaller but significant in both normoxia and hypoxia. In conclusion, the interplay between ROS and hypoxia and its modulation by IF₁ have to be taken into account to develop therapeutic strategies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Giulia Gorini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental, and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence 50121, Italy.
| | - Francesca Liuzzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
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Hardonnière K, Lagadic-Gossmann D. ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1): a novel player in pollutant-related diseases? CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Sgarbi G, Barbato S, Costanzini A, Solaini G, Baracca A. The role of the ATPase inhibitor factor 1 (IF 1) in cancer cells adaptation to hypoxia and anoxia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:99-109. [PMID: 29097244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The physiological role of the mitochondrial ATP synthase complex is to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Indeed, the enzyme can reverse its activity and hydrolyze ATP under ischemic conditions, as shown in isolated mitochondria and in mammalian heart and liver. However, what occurs when cancer cells experience hypoxia or anoxia has not been well explored. In the present study, we investigated the bioenergetics of cancer cells under hypoxic/anoxic conditions with particular emphasis on ATP synthase, and the conditions driving it to work in reverse. In this context, we further examined the role exerted by its endogenous inhibitor factor, IF1, that it is overexpressed in cancer cells. Metabolic and bioenergetic analysis of cancer cells exposed to severe hypoxia (down to 0.1% O2) unexpectedly showed that Δψm is preserved independently of the presence of IF1 and that ATP synthase still phosphorylates ADP though at a much lower rate than in normoxia. However, when we induced an anoxia-mimicking condition by collapsing ΔμΗ+ with the FCCP uncoupler, the IF1-silenced clones only reversed the ATP synthase activity hydrolyzing ATP in order to reconstitute the electrochemical proton gradient. Notably, in cancer cells IF1 overexpression fully prevents ATP synthase hydrolytic activity activation under uncoupling conditions. Therefore, our results suggest that IF1 overexpression promotes cancer cells survival under temporary anoxic conditions by preserving cellular ATP despite mitochondria dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - S Barbato
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - A Costanzini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - G Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - A Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Yang K, Long Q, Saja K, Huang F, Pogwizd SM, Zhou L, Yoshida M, Yang Q. Knockout of the ATPase inhibitory factor 1 protects the heart from pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10501. [PMID: 28874825 PMCID: PMC5585346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes the coupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Under pathological conditions, ATP synthase hydrolyzes ATP to replenish protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, sustaining mitochondrial membrane potential. ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) is a nuclear-encoded, ATP synthase-interacting protein that selectively inhibits the hydrolysis activity of ATP synthase, which may render the protective role of IF1 in ischemic hearts. However, the in vivo cardiac function of IF1 and the potential therapeutic application targeting IF1 remain obscure. In the present study, we uncovered that IF1 is upregulated in mouse hearts with pressure overload-induced hypertrophy and in human hearts with dilated cardiomyopathy. IF1 knockout (KO) mice were protected against cardiac dysfunction and pathological development induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or isoproterenol infusion. The reduced ATP hydrolysis activated AMPK activity in IF1 KO hearts, which together facilitated autophagy. These results suggest that IF1 upregulation in the failing heart may be a maladaptive response. Inhibiting IF1 in the hypertrophied heart not only prevents cell death from excessive mitochondrial depolarization but also activates AMPK signaling and increases autophagy. Therefore, IF1 inhibition may serve as a potential therapeutic target in treating pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Yang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Qinqiang Long
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Kamalamma Saja
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 581, India
| | - Fengyuan Huang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Steven M Pogwizd
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Masasuke Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Qinglin Yang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA.
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
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Fernández-Cárdenas LP, Villanueva-Chimal E, Salinas LS, José-Nuñez C, Tuena de Gómez Puyou M, Navarro RE. Caenorhabditis elegans ATPase inhibitor factor 1 (IF1) MAI-2 preserves the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and is important to induce germ cell apoptosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181984. [PMID: 28829773 PMCID: PMC5568743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
When the electrochemical proton gradient is disrupted in the mitochondria, IF1 (Inhibitor Factor-1) inhibits the reverse hydrolytic activity of the F1Fo-ATP synthase, thereby allowing cells to conserve ATP at the expense of losing the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). The function of IF1 has been studied mainly in different cell lines, but these studies have generated contrasting results, which have not been helpful to understand the real role of this protein in a whole organism. In this work, we studied IF1 function in Caenorhabditis elegans to understand IF1´s role in vivo. C. elegans has two inhibitor proteins of the F1Fo-ATPase, MAI-1 and MAI-2. To determine their protein localization in C. elegans, we generated translational reporters and found that MAI-2 is expressed ubiquitously in the mitochondria; conversely, MAI-1 was found in the cytoplasm and nuclei of certain tissues. By CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we generated mai-2 mutant alleles. Here, we showed that mai-2 mutant animals have normal progeny, embryonic development and lifespan. Contrasting with the results previously obtained in cell lines, we found no evident defects in the mitochondrial network, dimer/monomer ATP synthase ratio, ATP concentration or respiration. Our results suggest that some of the roles previously attributed to IF1 in cell lines could not reflect the function of this protein in a whole organism and could be attributed to specific cell lines or methods used to silence, knockout or overexpress this protein. However, we did observe that animals lacking IF1 had an enhanced Δψm and lower physiological germ cell apoptosis. Importantly, we found that mai-2 mutant animals must be under stress to observe the role of IF1. Accordingly, we observed that mai-2 mutant animals were more sensitive to heat shock, oxidative stress and electron transport chain blockade. Furthermore, we observed that IF1 is important to induce germ cell apoptosis under certain types of stress. Here, we propose that MAI-2 might play a role in apoptosis by regulating Δψm. Additionally, we suggest that IF1 function is mainly observed under stress and that, under physiological conditions, this protein does not play an essential role.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. P. Fernández-Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - E. Villanueva-Chimal
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L. S. Salinas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - C. José-Nuñez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M. Tuena de Gómez Puyou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - R. E. Navarro
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Martinez LO, Genoux A, Ferrières J, Duparc T, Perret B. Serum inhibitory factor 1, high-density lipoprotein and cardiovascular diseases. Curr Opin Lipidol 2017; 28:337-346. [PMID: 28504983 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The atheroprotective properties of HDL are supported by epidemiological and preclinical research. However, the results of interventional trials paradoxically indicate that drugs increasing HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) do not reduce coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Moreover, Mendelian randomization studies have shown no effect of HDL-C-modifying variants on CAD outcome. Thus, the protective effects of HDL particles are more governed by their functional status than their cholesterol content. In this context, any successful clinical exploitation of HDL will depend on the identification of HDL-related biomarkers, better than HDL-C level, for assessing cardiovascular risk and monitoring responses to treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have enlightened the role of ecto-F1-ATPase as a cell surface receptor for apoA-I, the major apolipoprotein of HDL, involved in the important metabolic and vascular atheroprotective functions of HDL. In the light of these findings, the clinical relevance of ecto-F1-ATPase in humans has recently been supported by the identification of serum F1-ATPase inhibitor (IF1) as an independent determinant of HDL-C, CAD risk and cardiovascular mortality in CAD patients. SUMMARY Serum IF1 measurement might be used as a novel HDL-related biomarker to better stratify risk in high-risk populations or to determine pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent O Martinez
- aInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases bUniversity of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University cService de Biochimie, Pôle biologie, Hôpital de Purpan, CHU de Toulouse dDepartment of Cardiology, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital eINSERM UMR 1027, Department of Epidemiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Toulouse, France
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Esparza-Moltó PB, Nuevo-Tapioles C, Cuezva JM. Regulation of the H +-ATP synthase by IF1: a role in mitohormesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2151-2166. [PMID: 28168445 PMCID: PMC5425498 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase is a primary hub of cellular homeostasis by providing the energy required to sustain cellular activity and regulating the production of signaling molecules that reprogram nuclear activity needed for adaption to changing cues. Herein, we summarize findings regarding the regulation of the activity of the H+-ATP synthase by its physiological inhibitor, the ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) and their functional role in cellular homeostasis. First, we outline the structure and the main molecular mechanisms that regulate the activity of the enzyme. Next, we describe the molecular biology of IF1 and summarize the regulation of IF1 expression and activity as an inhibitor of the H+-ATP synthase emphasizing the role of IF1 as a main driver of energy rewiring and cellular signaling in cancer. Findings in transgenic mice in vivo indicate that the overexpression of IF1 is sufficient to reprogram energy metabolism to an enhanced glycolysis and activate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent signaling pathways that promote cell survival. These findings are placed in the context of mitohormesis, a program in which a mild mitochondrial stress triggers adaptive cytoprotective mechanisms that improve lifespan. In this regard, we emphasize the role played by the H+-ATP synthase in modulating signaling pathways that activate the mitohormetic response, namely ATP, ROS and target of rapamycin (TOR). Overall, we aim to highlight the relevant role of the H+-ATP synthase and of IF1 in cellular physiology and the need of additional studies to decipher their contributions to aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau B Esparza-Moltó
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Nuevo-Tapioles
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Trypanosoma brucei TbIF1 inhibits the essential F1-ATPase in the infectious form of the parasite. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005552. [PMID: 28414727 PMCID: PMC5407850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial (mt) FoF1-ATP synthase of the digenetic parasite, Trypanosoma brucei, generates ATP during the insect procyclic form (PF), but becomes a perpetual consumer of ATP in the mammalian bloodstream form (BF), which lacks a canonical respiratory chain. This unconventional dependence on FoF1-ATPase is required to maintain the essential mt membrane potential (Δψm). Normally, ATP hydrolysis by this rotary molecular motor is restricted to when eukaryotic cells experience sporadic hypoxic conditions, during which this compulsory function quickly depletes the cellular ATP pool. To protect against this cellular treason, the highly conserved inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) binds the enzyme in a manner that solely inhibits the hydrolytic activity. Intriguingly, we were able to identify the IF1 homolog in T. brucei (TbIF1), but determined that its expression in the mitochondrion is tightly regulated throughout the life cycle as it is only detected in PF cells. TbIF1 appears to primarily function as an emergency brake in PF cells, where it prevented the restoration of the Δψm by FoF1-ATPase when respiration was chemically inhibited. In vitro, TbIF1 overexpression specifically inhibits the hydrolytic activity but not the synthetic capability of the FoF1-ATP synthase in PF mitochondria. Furthermore, low μM amounts of recombinant TbIF1 achieve the same inhibition of total mt ATPase activity as the FoF1-ATPase specific inhibitors, azide and oligomycin. Therefore, even minimal ectopic expression of TbIF1 in BF cells proved lethal as the indispensable Δψm collapsed due to inhibited FoF1-ATPase. In summary, we provide evidence that T. brucei harbors a natural and potent unidirectional inhibitor of the vital FoF1-ATPase activity that can be exploited for future structure-based drug design. Enzymes are catalysts that drive both a forward and reverse chemical reaction depending on the thermodynamic properties. FoF1-ATP synthase is a multiprotein enzyme that under normal physiological conditions generates ATP. However, when respiration is impeded, this rotary molecular machine reverses and hydrolyzes ATP to pump protons and maintain the essential mitochondrial membrane potential. While this activity is exceptional in most eukaryotic cells, the unique composition of the Trypanosoma brucei mitochondrion dictates that the infectious stage of this human parasite is utterly dependent on the hydrolytic activity of FoF1-ATPase. While searching for better chemotherapeutics against Human African Trypanosomiasis, several trypanocidal compounds were determined to interact with this enzyme, but they indiscriminately inhibit both the ATP hydrolytic and synthetic activities. A more promising approach involves the conserved eukaryotic protein IF1, a unidirectional inhibitor that prevents just ATP hydrolysis. Auspiciously, we identified this protein homolog in T. brucei (TbIF1) and its expression is tightly regulated between life stages of the parasite. Importantly, the introduction of exogenous TbIF1 protein specifically inhibits FoF1-ATPase and is lethal for the infectious stage of T. brucei. Therefore, we have identified a natural inhibitor of an essential and druggable enzyme that can be exploited for future structure-based drug design.
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Hardonnière K, Fernier M, Gallais I, Mograbi B, Podechard N, Le Ferrec E, Grova N, Appenzeller B, Burel A, Chevanne M, Sergent O, Huc L, Bortoli S, Lagadic-Gossmann D. Role for the ATPase inhibitory factor 1 in the environmental carcinogen-induced Warburg phenotype. Sci Rep 2017; 7:195. [PMID: 28298645 PMCID: PMC5428028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Most tumors undergo metabolic reprogramming towards glycolysis, the so-called Warburg effect, to support growth and survival. Overexpression of IF1, the physiological inhibitor of the F0F1ATPase, has been related to this phenomenon and appears to be a relevant marker in cancer. Environmental contributions to cancer development are now widely accepted but little is known about the underlying intracellular mechanisms. Among the environmental pollutants humans are commonly exposed to, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), the prototype molecule of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is a well-known human carcinogen. Besides apoptotic signals, B[a]P can also induce survival signals in liver cells, both likely involved in cancer promotion. Our previous works showed that B[a]P elicited a Warburg-like effect, thus favoring cell survival. The present study aimed at further elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in the B[a]P-induced metabolic reprogramming, by testing the possible involvement of IF1. We presently demonstrate, both in vitro and in vivo, that PAHs, especially B[a]P, strongly increase IF1 expression. Such an increase, which might rely on β2-adrenergic receptor activation, notably participates to the B[a]P-induced glycolytic shift and cell survival in liver cells. By identifying IF1 as a target of PAHs, this study provides new insights about how environmental factors may contribute to related carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Hardonnière
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Biosit UMS3080, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Morgane Fernier
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Biosit UMS3080, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Isabelle Gallais
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Biosit UMS3080, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Baharia Mograbi
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), INSERM U1081, CNRS UMR7284, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, F-06107, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Biosit UMS3080, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Eric Le Ferrec
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Biosit UMS3080, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Nathalie Grova
- HBRU, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Brice Appenzeller
- HBRU, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Agnès Burel
- Université de Rennes 1, Biosit UMS3080, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Martine Chevanne
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Biosit UMS3080, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Odile Sergent
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Biosit UMS3080, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | | | - Sylvie Bortoli
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Centre Universitaire des Saint-Pères, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France.
- Université de Rennes 1, Biosit UMS3080, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France.
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Faccenda D, Nakamura J, Gorini G, Dhoot GK, Piacentini M, Yoshida M, Campanella M. Control of Mitochondrial Remodeling by the ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 Unveils a Pro-survival Relay via OPA1. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1869-1883. [PMID: 28228254 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) is a mitochondrial protein that blocks the reversal of the F1Fo-ATPsynthase, preventing dissipation of cellular ATP and ischemic damage. IF1 suppresses programmed cell death, enhancing tumor invasion and chemoresistance, and is expressed in various types of human cancers. In this study, we examined its effect on mitochondrial redox balance and apoptotic cristae remodeling, finding that, by maintaining ATP levels, IF1 reduces glutathione (GSH) consumption and inactivation of peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3) during apoptosis. This correlates with inhibition of metallopeptidase OMA1-mediated processing of the pro-fusion dynamin-related protein optic atrophy 1 (OPA1). Stabilization of OPA1 impedes cristae remodeling and completion of apoptosis. Taken together, these data suggest that IF1 acts on both mitochondrial bioenergetics and structure, is involved in mitochondrial signaling in tumor cells, and may underlie their proliferative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Faccenda
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College London and UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, UK; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Junji Nakamura
- Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Giulia Gorini
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College London and UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, UK
| | - Gurtej K Dhoot
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College London and UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, UK
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani," Rome, Italy
| | - Masusuke Yoshida
- Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College London and UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, UK; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Iommarini L, Ghelli A, Gasparre G, Porcelli AM. Mitochondrial metabolism and energy sensing in tumor progression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:582-590. [PMID: 28213331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Energy homeostasis is pivotal for cell fate since metabolic regulation, cell proliferation and death are strongly dependent on the balance between catabolic and anabolic pathways. In particular, metabolic and energetic changes have been observed in cancer cells even before the discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressors, but have been neglected for a long time. Instead, during the past 20years a renaissance of the study of tumor metabolism has led to a revised and more accurate sight of the metabolic landscape of cancer cells. In this scenario, genetic, biochemical and clinical evidences place mitochondria as key actors in cancer metabolic restructuring, not only because there are energy and biosynthetic intermediates manufacturers, but also because occurrence of mutations in metabolic enzymes encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA has been associated to different types of cancer. Here we provide an overview of the possible mechanisms modulating mitochondrial energy production and homeostasis in the intriguing scenario of neoplastic cells, focusing on the double-edged role of 5'-AMP activated protein kinase in cancer metabolism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Mitochondria in Cancer, edited by Giuseppe Gasparre, Rodrigue Rossignol and Pierre Sonveaux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Iommarini
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Anna Ghelli
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Scienze della Vita e Tecnologie per la Salute, Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 41/E, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
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Maierean S, Serban MC, Rizzo M, Lippi G, Sahebkar A, Banach M. The potential role of mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) in coronary heart disease: a literature review. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:35. [PMID: 28173810 PMCID: PMC5297070 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, and so the search for innovative and accurate biomarkers for guiding prevention, diagnosis, and treatment is a valuable clinical and economic endeavor. Due to a recent findings that the serum concentration of mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) is an independent prognostic factor in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), we reviewed the role of this protein in myocardial ischemic preconditioning, its correlation to plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL), the predictive potential in patients with CHD, and its interplay with angiogenesis. IF1 has been positively correlated with plasma HDL-cholesterol, and is independently negatively associated with all-cause and CV mortality in patients with CHD. However, this conclusion is prevalently based on limited data, and more research is needed to draw definitive conclusions. IF1 seems to play an additional role in increasing cell vulnerability in oncologic diseases but may also function as modest inhibitor of angiogenesis in physiological conditions. It has been also explored that IF1 may rather act as a modulator of other molecules more significantly involved in angiogenesis, especially apolipoprotein A1 on which the largest effect could be observed. In conclusion, more research is needed to characterize the role of IF1 in patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serban Maierean
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria-Corina Serban
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
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Allen-Worthington K, Xie J, Brown JL, Edmunson AM, Dowling A, Navratil AM, Scavelli K, Yoon H, Kim DG, Bynoe MS, Clarke I, Roberson MS. The F0F1 ATP Synthase Complex Localizes to Membrane Rafts in Gonadotrope Cells. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:996-1011. [PMID: 27482602 PMCID: PMC5414608 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertility in mammals requires appropriate communication within the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) is a central conduit for this communication. The GnRHR resides in discrete membrane rafts and raft occupancy is required for signaling by GnRH. The present studies use immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to define peptides present within the raft associated with the GnRHR and flotillin-1, a key raft marker. These studies revealed peptides from the F0F1 ATP synthase complex. The catalytic subunits of the F1 domain were validated by immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry, and cell surface biotinylation studies demonstrating that this complex was present at the plasma membrane associated with the GnRHR. The F1 catalytic domain faces the extracellular space and catalyzes ATP synthesis when presented with ADP in normal mouse pituitary explants and a gonadotrope cell line. Steady-state extracellular ATP accumulation was blunted by coadministration of inhibitory factor 1, limiting inorganic phosphate in the media, and by chronic stimulation of the GnRHR. Steady-state extracellular ATP accumulation was enhanced by pharmacological inhibition of ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases. Kisspeptin administration induced coincident GnRH and ATP release from the median eminence into the hypophyseal-portal vasculature in ovariectomized sheep. Elevated levels of extracellular ATP augmented GnRH-induced secretion of LH from pituitary cells in primary culture, which was blocked in media containing low inorganic phosphate supporting the importance of extracellular ATP levels to gonadotrope cell function. These studies indicate that gonadotropes have intrinsic ability to metabolize ATP in the extracellular space and extracellular ATP may serve as a modulator of GnRH-induced LH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal Allen-Worthington
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (K.A.-W., J.X., J.L.B., A.M.E., A.D., K.S., H.Y., M.S.R.) and Microbiology and Immunology (D.-G.K., M.S.B.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; Department of Zoology and Physiology (A.M.N.), College of Arts and Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071; and Neuroscience Program (I.C.), Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jianjun Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (K.A.-W., J.X., J.L.B., A.M.E., A.D., K.S., H.Y., M.S.R.) and Microbiology and Immunology (D.-G.K., M.S.B.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; Department of Zoology and Physiology (A.M.N.), College of Arts and Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071; and Neuroscience Program (I.C.), Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jessica L Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (K.A.-W., J.X., J.L.B., A.M.E., A.D., K.S., H.Y., M.S.R.) and Microbiology and Immunology (D.-G.K., M.S.B.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; Department of Zoology and Physiology (A.M.N.), College of Arts and Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071; and Neuroscience Program (I.C.), Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Alexa M Edmunson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (K.A.-W., J.X., J.L.B., A.M.E., A.D., K.S., H.Y., M.S.R.) and Microbiology and Immunology (D.-G.K., M.S.B.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; Department of Zoology and Physiology (A.M.N.), College of Arts and Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071; and Neuroscience Program (I.C.), Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Abigail Dowling
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (K.A.-W., J.X., J.L.B., A.M.E., A.D., K.S., H.Y., M.S.R.) and Microbiology and Immunology (D.-G.K., M.S.B.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; Department of Zoology and Physiology (A.M.N.), College of Arts and Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071; and Neuroscience Program (I.C.), Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Amy M Navratil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (K.A.-W., J.X., J.L.B., A.M.E., A.D., K.S., H.Y., M.S.R.) and Microbiology and Immunology (D.-G.K., M.S.B.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; Department of Zoology and Physiology (A.M.N.), College of Arts and Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071; and Neuroscience Program (I.C.), Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kurt Scavelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (K.A.-W., J.X., J.L.B., A.M.E., A.D., K.S., H.Y., M.S.R.) and Microbiology and Immunology (D.-G.K., M.S.B.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; Department of Zoology and Physiology (A.M.N.), College of Arts and Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071; and Neuroscience Program (I.C.), Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Hojean Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (K.A.-W., J.X., J.L.B., A.M.E., A.D., K.S., H.Y., M.S.R.) and Microbiology and Immunology (D.-G.K., M.S.B.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; Department of Zoology and Physiology (A.M.N.), College of Arts and Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071; and Neuroscience Program (I.C.), Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Do-Geun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (K.A.-W., J.X., J.L.B., A.M.E., A.D., K.S., H.Y., M.S.R.) and Microbiology and Immunology (D.-G.K., M.S.B.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; Department of Zoology and Physiology (A.M.N.), College of Arts and Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071; and Neuroscience Program (I.C.), Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Margaret S Bynoe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (K.A.-W., J.X., J.L.B., A.M.E., A.D., K.S., H.Y., M.S.R.) and Microbiology and Immunology (D.-G.K., M.S.B.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; Department of Zoology and Physiology (A.M.N.), College of Arts and Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071; and Neuroscience Program (I.C.), Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Iain Clarke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (K.A.-W., J.X., J.L.B., A.M.E., A.D., K.S., H.Y., M.S.R.) and Microbiology and Immunology (D.-G.K., M.S.B.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; Department of Zoology and Physiology (A.M.N.), College of Arts and Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071; and Neuroscience Program (I.C.), Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mark S Roberson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (K.A.-W., J.X., J.L.B., A.M.E., A.D., K.S., H.Y., M.S.R.) and Microbiology and Immunology (D.-G.K., M.S.B.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; Department of Zoology and Physiology (A.M.N.), College of Arts and Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071; and Neuroscience Program (I.C.), Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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García-Bermúdez J, Cuezva JM. The ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1): A master regulator of energy metabolism and of cell survival. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1857:1167-1182. [PMID: 26876430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution we summarize most of the findings reported for the molecular and cellular biology of the physiological inhibitor of the mitochondrial H(+)-ATP synthase, the engine of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and gate of cell death. We first describe the structure and major mechanisms and molecules that regulate the activity of the ATP synthase placing the ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1) as a major determinant in the regulation of the activity of the ATP synthase and hence of OXPHOS. Next, we summarize the post-transcriptional mechanisms that regulate the expression of IF1 and emphasize, in addition to the regulation afforded by the protonation state of histidine residues, that the activity of IF1 as an inhibitor of the ATP synthase is also regulated by phosphorylation of a serine residue. Phosphorylation of S39 in IF1 by the action of a mitochondrial cAMP-dependent protein kinase A hampers its interaction with the ATP synthase, i.e., only dephosphorylated IF1 interacts with the enzyme. Upon IF1 interaction with the ATP synthase both the synthetic and hydrolytic activities of the engine of OXPHOS are inhibited. These findings are further placed into the physiological context to stress the emerging roles played by IF1 in metabolic reprogramming in cancer, in hypoxia and in cellular differentiation. We review also the implication of IF1 in other cellular situations that involve the malfunctioning of mitochondria. Special emphasis is given to the role of IF1 as driver of the generation of a reactive oxygen species signal that, emanating from mitochondria, is able to reprogram the nucleus of the cell to confer by various signaling pathways a cell-death resistant phenotype against oxidative stress. Overall, our intention is to highlight the urgent need of further investigations in the molecular and cellular biology of IF1 and of its target, the ATP synthase, to unveil new therapeutic strategies in human pathology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Bermúdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Chimeo C, Fernandez-Gimenez AV, Campanella M, Mendez-Romero O, Muhlia-Almazan A. The shrimp mitochondrial FoF1-ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1). J Bioenerg Biomembr 2015; 47:383-93. [PMID: 26302886 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-015-9621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The whiteleg shrimp species Litopenaeus vannamei is exposed to cyclic changes of the dissolved oxygen concentration of seawater and must neutralize the adverse effects of hypoxia by using ATP as energy source. In crustaceans, the mitochondrial FOF1-ATP synthase is pivotal to the homeostasis of ATP and function prevalently as a FOF1-ATPase. Hitherto, it is unknown whether these marine invertebrates are equipped with molecules able to control the FOF1-ATPase inhibiting the ATP consumption. In this study, we report two variants of the mitochondrial FOF1-ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1) ubiquitously expressed across tissues of the Litopenaeus vannamei transcriptome: the IF1_Lv1 and the IF1_Lv2. The IF1_Lv1, with a full-length sequence of 550 bp, encodes a 104 aa long protein and its mRNA amounts are significantly affected by hypoxia and re-oxygenation. The IF1_Lv2, with a sequence of 654 bp, encodes instead for a protein of 85 aa. Both proteins share a 69 % homology and contain a conserved minimal inhibitory sequence (IATP domain) along with a G-rich region on their N-terminus typical of the invertebrate. In light of this characterization IF1 is here discussed as an adaptive mechanism evolved by this marine species to inhibit the FOF1-ATPase activity and avoid ATP dissipation to thrive in spite of the changes in oxygen tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Chimeo
- Bioenergetics and Molecular Genetics Lab, Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo (CIAD) A. C., Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6, PO Box 1735, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Analia Veronica Fernandez-Gimenez
- Laboratorio Fisiologia de Organismos Acuaticos. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- University College London Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, Royal College Street NW1 0TU, London, UK
| | - Ofelia Mendez-Romero
- Bioenergetics and Molecular Genetics Lab, Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo (CIAD) A. C., Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6, PO Box 1735, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Adriana Muhlia-Almazan
- Bioenergetics and Molecular Genetics Lab, Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo (CIAD) A. C., Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6, PO Box 1735, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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Sun L, Nakamae N, Ichikawa N. The region from phenylalanine-28 to lysine-50 of a yeast mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor (IF1) forms an α-helix in solution. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2015; 47:457-65. [PMID: 26420258 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-015-9627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor, IF1, is a 63 amino acid residue protein that regulates the activity of ATP synthase (F(1)F(o)-ATPase). In the present study, we constructed mutant IF1 proteins with proline residues inserted into a wide range of their primary structures to determine the location and function of α-helix in the protein. A total of 11 yeast IF1 protein mutants were expressed and purified. Proline insertions in the region 28-50 reduced α-helical contents, indicating that the region formed a helix in solution. Oligomer formation of proline mutants at the C-terminal 38-60 region was markedly reduced, indicating that the region is required for oligomerization of the protein. Proline mutants at the N-terminal 18-39 region did not inhibit F(1)F(o)-ATPase, indicating that the region is required for ATPase inhibitory activity. Inhibition of a proline insertion mutant between residues 44 and 45 that lost a large portion of the α-helix was slower, although the maximal inhibition level of the mutant protein was comparable to that of wild-type IF1. The results suggest that the helix of yeast IF1 facilitates binding to F(1) by promoting initial interaction of the proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Naomi Nakamae
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Naoki Ichikawa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
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Wei S, Fukuhara H, Kawada C, Kurabayashi A, Furihata M, Ogura SI, Inoue K, Shuin T. Silencing of ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 Inhibits Cell Growth via Cell Cycle Arrest in Bladder Cancer. Pathobiology 2015; 82:224-32. [PMID: 26381881 DOI: 10.1159/000439027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of the ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) is inhibit the hydrolase activity of F1Fo-ATPase when oxidative phosphorylation is impaired. It has been demonstrated that IF1 is overexpressed in various carcinomas and mediates tumor cell activities, but the detailed mechanisms of IF1-mediated tumor progression and the link between IF1 and cell cycle progression remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the potential role of IF1 in cell cycle progression of human bladder cancer (BCa). METHODS The expression of IF1 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in tumor tissues. Western blot was used to detect protein expression in the cells. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT and colony formation assays. The cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS We firstly showed IF1 was overexpressed in BCa. Silencing of IF1 by small interfering RNA led to a significant decrease in cell proliferation and migration in T24 and UM-UC-3 cells. Importantly, IF1 knockdown caused cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 stage and decreased the protein level of cyclin E/cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk) 2 and/or cyclin D/cdk4/cdk6. CONCLUSION These results suggest the inhibitory effect of IF1 knockdown on BCa cell proliferation is via the suppression of cyclins and cdks related to G1/S transition and then induction of G0/G1 arrest, and firstly indicate IF1 mediates the tumor cell cycle. We concluded that IF1 may be a novel therapeutic target for BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihu Wei
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
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Xu T, Pagadala V, Mueller DM. Understanding structure, function, and mutations in the mitochondrial ATP synthase. MICROBIAL CELL 2015; 2:105-125. [PMID: 25938092 PMCID: PMC4415626 DOI: 10.15698/mic2015.04.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial ATP synthase is a multimeric enzyme complex with an overall molecular weight of about 600,000 Da. The ATP synthase is a molecular motor composed of two separable parts: F1 and Fo. The F1 portion contains the catalytic sites for ATP synthesis and protrudes into the mitochondrial matrix. Fo forms a proton turbine that is embedded in the inner membrane and connected to the rotor of F1. The flux of protons flowing down a potential gradient powers the rotation of the rotor driving the synthesis of ATP. Thus, the flow of protons though Fo is coupled to the synthesis of ATP. This review will discuss the structure/function relationship in the ATP synthase as determined by biochemical, crystallographic, and genetic studies. An emphasis will be placed on linking the structure/function relationship with understanding how disease causing mutations or putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding the subunits of the ATP synthase, will affect the function of the enzyme and the health of the individual. The review will start by summarizing the current understanding of the subunit composition of the enzyme and the role of the subunits followed by a discussion on known mutations and their effect on the activity of the ATP synthase. The review will conclude with a summary of mutations in genes encoding subunits of the ATP synthase that are known to be responsible for human disease, and a brief discussion on SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064
| | - Vijayakanth Pagadala
- Department of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David M Mueller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064
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Long Q, Yang K, Yang Q. Regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthase in cardiac pathophysiology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 2015; 5:19-32. [PMID: 26064790 PMCID: PMC4447074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is paramount to energy homeostasis, metabolism, signaling, and apoptosis in cells. Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase), a molecular motor, is the ultimate ATP generator and a key determinant of mitochondrial function. ATP synthase catalyzes the final coupling step of oxidative phosphorylation to supply energy in the form of ATP. Alterations at this step will crucially impact mitochondrial respiration and hence cardiac performance. It is well established that cardiac contractility is strongly dependent on the mitochondria, and that myocardial ATP depletion is a key feature of heart failure. ATP synthase dysfunction can cause and exacerbate human diseases, such as cardiomyopathy and heart failure. While ATP synthase has been extensively studied, essential questions related to how the regulation of ATP synthase determines energy metabolism in the heart linger and therapies targeting this important mechanism remain scarce. This review will visit the main findings, identify unsolved issues and provide insights into potential future perspectives related to the regulation of ATP synthase and cardiac pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqiang Long
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Kevin Yang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Qinglin Yang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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Barbato S, Sgarbi G, Gorini G, Baracca A, Solaini G. The inhibitor protein (IF1) of the F1F0-ATPase modulates human osteosarcoma cell bioenergetics. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6338-48. [PMID: 25605724 PMCID: PMC4358270 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.631788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioenergetics of IF1 transiently silenced cancer cells has been extensively investigated, but the role of IF1 (the natural inhibitor protein of F1F0-ATPase) in cancer cell metabolism is still uncertain. To shed light on this issue, we established a method to prepare stably IF1-silenced human osteosarcoma clones and explored the bioenergetics of IF1 null cancer cells. We showed that IF1-silenced cells proliferate normally, consume glucose, and release lactate as controls do, and contain a normal steady-state ATP level. However, IF1-silenced cells displayed an enhanced steady-state mitochondrial membrane potential and consistently showed a reduced ADP-stimulated respiration rate. In the parental cells (i.e. control cells containing IF1) the inhibitor protein was found to be associated with the dimeric form of the ATP synthase complex, therefore we propose that the interaction of IF1 with the complex either directly, by increasing the catalytic activity of the enzyme, or indirectly, by improving the structure of mitochondrial cristae, can increase the oxidative phosphorylation rate in osteosarcoma cells grown under normoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Barbato
- From the Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- From the Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Gorini
- From the Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- From the Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- From the Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Suzuki T, Tanaka K, Wakabayashi C, Saita EI, Yoshida M. Chemomechanical coupling of human mitochondrial F1-ATPase motor. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:930-6. [PMID: 25242551 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The rotary motor enzyme F1-ATPase (F1) is a catalytic subcomplex of FoF1-ATP synthase that produces most of the ATP in respiring cells. Chemomechanical coupling has been studied extensively for bacterial F1 but very little for mitochondrial F1. Here we report ATP-driven rotation of human mitochondrial F1. A rotor-shaft γ-subunit in the stator α3β3 ring rotates 120° per ATP with three catalytic steps: ATP binding to one β-subunit at 0°, inorganic phosphate (Pi) release from another β-subunit at 65° and ATP hydrolysis on the third β-subunit at 90°. Rotation is often interrupted at 90° by persistent ADP binding and is stalled at 65° by a specific inhibitor azide. A mitochondrial endogenous inhibitor for FoF1-ATP synthase, IF1, blocks rotation at 90°. These features differ from those of bacterial F1, in which both ATP hydrolysis and Pi release occur at around 80°, demonstrating that chemomechanical coupling angles of the γ-subunit are tuned during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Suzuki
- 1] Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. [2] ATP Synthesis Regulation Project, International Research Project (ICORP), Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Miraikan, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan. [3] Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazumi Tanaka
- 1] ATP Synthesis Regulation Project, International Research Project (ICORP), Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Miraikan, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan. [2] Department of Molecular Bioscience, Kyoto-Sangyo University, Kamigamomotoyama, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chiaki Wakabayashi
- ATP Synthesis Regulation Project, International Research Project (ICORP), Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Miraikan, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ei-ichiro Saita
- 1] ATP Synthesis Regulation Project, International Research Project (ICORP), Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Miraikan, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan. [2] Department of Molecular Bioscience, Kyoto-Sangyo University, Kamigamomotoyama, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masasuke Yoshida
- 1] Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. [2] ATP Synthesis Regulation Project, International Research Project (ICORP), Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Miraikan, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan. [3] Department of Molecular Bioscience, Kyoto-Sangyo University, Kamigamomotoyama, Kyoto, Japan
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