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Basavaraj PS, Jangid KK, Babar R, Rane J, Boraiah KM, Harisha CB, Halli H, Pradhan A, Tripathi K, Sammi Reddy K, Prabhakar M. Non-invasive measurements to identify mungbean genotypes for waterlogging tolerance. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16872. [PMID: 38410803 PMCID: PMC10896077 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As the best-fit leguminous crop for intercropping across time and space, mungbean promises to sustain soil health, carbon sequestration, and nutritional security across the globe. However, it is susceptible to waterlogging, a significant constraint that persists during heavy rains. Since the predicted climate change scenario features fewer but more intense rainy days. Hence, waterlogging tolerance in mungbean has been one of the major breeding objectives. The present experiment aimed to employ non-destructive tools to phenotype stress tolerance traits in mungbean genotypes exposed to waterlogging and estimate the association among the traits. A total of 12 mungbean genotypes were used in the present study to assess waterlogging tolerance at the seedling stage. Plant responses to stress were determined non-destructively using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters at different time intervals. NDVI and grain yield were positively associated with control (r = 0.64) and stress (r = 0.59). Similarly, chlorophyll fluorescence (quantum yield of PS-II) also had a significant positive association with grain yield under both control (r = 0.52) and stress (r = 0.66) conditions. Hence, it is suggested that NDVI and chlorophyll fluorescence promise to serve as traits for non-destructive phenotyping waterlogging tolerance in mungbean genotypes. With the methods proposed in our study, it is possible to phenotype hundreds of plants for waterlogging tolerance efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Basavaraj
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Baramati, India
| | | | - Rohit Babar
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Baramati, India
| | - Jagadish Rane
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Baramati, India
- ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, India
| | - K M Boraiah
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Baramati, India
| | - C B Harisha
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Baramati, India
| | - Hanamanth Halli
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Baramati, India
| | - Aliza Pradhan
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Baramati, India
| | - Kuldeep Tripathi
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - K Sammi Reddy
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Baramati, India
| | - M Prabhakar
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India
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2
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Jensen AB, Eller F, Sorrell BK. Comparative flooding tolerance of Typha latifolia and Phalaris arundinacea in wetland restoration: Insights from photosynthetic CO 2 response curves, photobiology and biomass allocation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23657. [PMID: 38187246 PMCID: PMC10767378 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Tall helophytes such as Typha latifolia and Phalaris arundinacea often rapidly colonise after rewetting of former agricultural soil and are therefore often the first plants to contribute to the soil carbon pool. In this study we carried out a mesocosm experiment where these two species grew at three different water levels relative to the soil surface (-15 cm, 0 cm, +15 cm). After eight weeks' growth, measurements of photosynthetic CO2-response curves, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence of photosystem II were carried out to detect flooding stress. After 10 weeks' growth, the plants were harvested and biomass production, biomass allocation and specific leaf area were determined. T. latifolia had a higher and more stable photosynthetic performance across all water level treatments, which resulted in an overall higher aboveground and belowground production than P. arundinacea. In contrast, Vcmax and Jmax decreased by 41 % and 42 %, respectively from drained to flooded conditions with signs of flooding stress as impairment of the photosynthetic apparatus. Moreover, increasing water level resulted in maintenance of aboveground organs for P. arundinacea but a decrease in allocation to belowground organs. P. arundinacea did not invest in a higher specific leaf area to counter the decreased photosynthesis under flooding. From -15 cm to 0 cm water levels, P. arundinacea showed a 68 % reduction in belowground biomass, which has negative implication for carbon retention immediately after rewetting. In contrast, recolonization of T. latifolia is likely to be a suitable contributor to the soil carbon pool due to its stable physiology and high above- and belowground biomass production at all water depths, and also likely under natural water level fluctuations. We showed that even though both species are generally considered wetland plants, they are likely to support considerably different photosynthetic carbon assimilation and soil carbon sequestration rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asger Buur Jensen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 1, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Franziska Eller
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 1, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Brian K. Sorrell
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 1, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Jin EJ, Yoon JH, Lee H, Bae EJ, Yong SH, Choi MS. Evaluation of drought stress level in Sargent's cherry ( Prunus sargentii Rehder) using photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and proline content analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15954. [PMID: 37842053 PMCID: PMC10576498 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sargent's cherry trees (Prunus sargentiiRehder) are widely planted as an ornamental, climate change-sensing species. This study investigated changes in the soil moisture content, fresh weight, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence properties, and the chlorophyll and proline content of four-year-old P. sargentii seedlings after 30 days of drought stress. In the trees subjected to drought stress treatment, soil moisture content decreased, and the fresh weight of the aboveground part of the plant decreased. However, there was no significant difference in the root growth of the dried plants. Among the photosynthesis parameters, Pn MAX, E and gs showed a significant (p < 0.001) decrease after 15 days in dry-stressed seedlings, but there was no difference between treatments in WUE until 20 days, and there was a significant (p < 0.001) difference after 24 days. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, Rfd, NPQ, and Pn MAX, also increased after 10 days in dry-stressed seedlings, but these changes did not reach statistical significance compared to the control treatment. These results may suggest that drought stress highly correlates with photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Chlorophyll content also significantly decreased in the seedlings under drought stress compared with the control treatment. The proline content decreased until the 10th day of drought stress treatment and increased after the 15th day, showing an increase of 10.9% on the 15th day and 57.1% on the 30th day, compared to the control treatment. These results suggest that photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and proline content can be used to evaluate drought stress in trees. The results of this study can contribute to the management of forests, such as the irrigation of trees when pore control ability and photosynthesis ability decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eon Ju Jin
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National institute of Forest Science, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuk Yoon
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National institute of Forest Science, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hyeok Lee
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National institute of Forest Science, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Bae
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National institute of Forest Science, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Seong Hyeon Yong
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Myung Suk Choi
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Division of Environmental Forest Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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Elakhdar A, Slaski JJ, Kubo T, Hamwieh A, Hernandez Ramirez G, Beattie AD, Capo-chichi LJ. Genome-wide association analysis provides insights into the genetic basis of photosynthetic responses to low-temperature stress in spring barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1159016. [PMID: 37346141 PMCID: PMC10279893 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1159016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature stress (LTS) is among the major abiotic stresses affecting the geographical distribution and productivity of the most important crops. Understanding the genetic basis of photosynthetic variation under cold stress is necessary for developing more climate-resilient barley cultivars. To that end, we investigated the ability of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (FVFM, and FVF0) to respond to changes in the maximum quantum yield of Photosystem II photochemistry as an indicator of photosynthetic energy. A panel of 96 barley spring cultivars from different breeding zones of Canada was evaluated for chlorophyll fluorescence-related traits under cold acclimation and freeze shock stresses at different times. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed using a mixed linear model (MLM). We identified three major and putative genomic regions harboring 52 significant quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) on chromosomes 1H, 3H, and 6H for low-temperature tolerance. Functional annotation indicated several QTNs were either within the known or close to genes that play important roles in the photosynthetic metabolites such as abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, hydrolase activity, protein kinase, and transduction of environmental signal transduction at the posttranslational modification levels. These outcomes revealed that barley plants modified their gene expression profile in response to decreasing temperatures resulting in physiological and biochemical modifications. Cold tolerance could influence a long-term adaption of barley in many parts of the world. Since the degree and frequency of LTS vary considerably among production sites. Hence, these results could shed light on potential approaches for improving barley productivity under low-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Elakhdar
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
- Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jan J. Slaski
- Bio Industrial Services Division, InnoTech Alberta Inc., Vegreville, AB, Canada
| | - Takahiko Kubo
- Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Aladdin Hamwieh
- International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Guillermo Hernandez Ramirez
- Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Aaron D. Beattie
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ludovic J.A. Capo-chichi
- Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Mihailova G, Gashi B, Krastev N, Georgieva K. Acquisition of Freezing Tolerance of Resurrection Species from Gesneriaceae, a Comparative Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091893. [PMID: 37176950 PMCID: PMC10180725 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Resurrection plants have the unique ability to restore normal physiological activity after desiccation to an air-dry state. In addition to their desiccation tolerance, some of them, such as Haberlea rhodopensis and Ramonda myconi, are also freezing-tolerant species, as they survive subzero temperatures during winter. Here, we compared the response of the photosynthetic apparatus of two other Gesneriaceae species, Ramonda serbica and Ramonda nathaliae, together with H. rhodopensis, to cold and freezing temperatures. The role of some protective proteins in freezing tolerance was also investigated. The water content of leaves was not affected during cold acclimation but exposure of plants to -10 °C induced dehydration of plants. Freezing stress strongly reduced the quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Y(II)) and stomatal conductance (gs) on the abaxial leaf side. In addition, the decreased ratio of Fv/Fm suggested photoinhibition or sustained quenching. Freezing-induced desiccation resulted in the inhibition of PSII activity, which was accompanied by increased thermal energy dissipation. In addition, an increase of dehydrins and ELIPs was detected, but the protein pattern differed between species. During recovery, the protein abundance decreased and plants completely recovered their photosynthetic activity. Thus, our results showed that R. serbica, R. nathaliae, and H. rhodopensis survive freezing stress due to some resurrection-linked traits and confirmed their freezing tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergana Mihailova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bekim Gashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Eqerem Cabej Str No 51, 10020 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Nikola Krastev
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Katya Georgieva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Tan EKM, Tiong SH, Adan D, Md Zain MZB, Md Rejab SA, Baharudin MS, Loy HC, Tok ES, Tok WL, Appleton DR, Teh HF. Enabling chlorophyll photo-response for in-line real-time noninvasive direct probing of the quality of palm-oil during mill process. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5744. [PMID: 37029194 PMCID: PMC10082207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32479-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During the milling process of palm oil, the degree of palm fruit ripeness is a critical factor that affects the quality and quantity of the oil. As the palm fruit matures, its chlorophyll level decreases, and since chlorophyll in oil has undesirable effects on hydrogenation, bleachability, and oxidative degradation, it's important to monitor the chlorophyll content in palm oil during the milling process. This study investigated the use of light-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (LICF) for non-invasive and real-time monitoring of chlorophyll content in diluted crude palm oil (DCO) located at the dilution and oil classification point in palm oil mill. An LICF probe was installed at the secondary pipe connected to main DCO pipeline, and the system communicates with a computer located in a separate control room via a Wi-Fi connection. Continuous measurements were recorded with an integration time of 500 ms, averaging of 10, and a time interval of 1 min between each recording during the oil mill's operation. All data were stored on the computer and in the cloud. We collected 60 DCO samples and sent them to the laboratory for American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) measurement to compare with the LICF signal. The LICF method achieved a correlation coefficient of 0.88 with the AOCS measurements, and it also provided a direct, quantitative, and unbiased assessment of the fruit ripeness in the mill. By incorporating Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and cloud storage, this LICF system enables remote and real-time access to data for chemometrics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Khay Ming Tan
- TechnoSpex Pte. Ltd., 1092 Lower Delta Road, #04-01 Tiong Bahru Industrial Estate, Singapore, 169203, Singapore
- Home Team Science and Technology Agency (HTX), 1 Star Avenue, #12-01, Singapore, 138507, Singapore
| | - Soon Huat Tiong
- Sime Darby Plantation Technology Centre Sdn. Bhd., UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, 1st Floor, Block B, Lebuh Silikon, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Dalina Adan
- Sime Darby Plantation Technology Centre Sdn. Bhd., UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, 1st Floor, Block B, Lebuh Silikon, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zairey Bin Md Zain
- Sime Darby Plantation Technology Centre Sdn. Bhd., UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, 1st Floor, Block B, Lebuh Silikon, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Syahril Anuar Md Rejab
- Sime Darby Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 2664, Jalan Pulau Carey, 42960, Pulau Carey, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shafril Baharudin
- Sime Darby Research Sdn. Bhd., Lot 2664, Jalan Pulau Carey, 42960, Pulau Carey, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hao Chih Loy
- RGS Corporation Sdn. Bhd. Serdang Sky Villas, Lot SB 15, Jalan SP5/5, Taman Serdang Perdana, 43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Eng Soon Tok
- ɛMaGIC-Lab, Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Wee Lee Tok
- TechnoSpex Pte. Ltd., 1092 Lower Delta Road, #04-01 Tiong Bahru Industrial Estate, Singapore, 169203, Singapore
| | - David Ross Appleton
- Sime Darby Plantation Technology Centre Sdn. Bhd., UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, 1st Floor, Block B, Lebuh Silikon, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Huey Fang Teh
- Sime Darby Plantation Technology Centre Sdn. Bhd., UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, 1st Floor, Block B, Lebuh Silikon, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Mihailova G, Tchorbadjieva M, Rakleova G, Georgieva K. Differential Accumulation of sHSPs Isoforms during Desiccation of the Resurrection Plant Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. under Optimal and High Temperature. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010238. [PMID: 36676187 PMCID: PMC9863180 DOI: 10.3390/life13010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Haberlea rhodopensis belongs to the small group of angiosperms that can survive desiccation to air-dry state and quickly restore their metabolism upon rehydration. In the present study, we investigated the accumulation of sHSPs and the extent of non-photochemical quenching during the downregulation of photosynthesis in H. rhodopensis leaves under desiccation at optimum (23 °C) and high temperature (38 °C). Desiccation of plants at 38 °C caused a stronger reduction in photosynthetic activity and corresponding enhancement in thermal energy dissipation. The accumulation of sHSPs was investigated by Western blot. While no expression of sHPSs was detected in the unstressed control sample, exposure of well-hydrated plants to high temperature induced an accumulation of sHSPs. Only a faint signal was observed at 50% RWC when dehydration was applied at 23 °C. Several cross-reacting polypeptide bands in the range of 16.5-19 kDa were observed in plants desiccated at high temperature. Two-dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblotting revealed the presence of several sHSPs with close molecular masses and pIs in the range of 5-8.0 that differed for each stage of treatment. At the latest stages of desiccation, fourteen different sHSPs could be distinguished, indicating that sHSPs might play a crucial role in H. rhodopensis under dehydration at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergana Mihailova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-2-979-2688
| | - Magdalena Tchorbadjieva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Goritsa Rakleova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Katya Georgieva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Lednev VN, Zavozin VA, Grishin MY, Grigorieva DV, Sdvizhenskii PA. Drone-Based Fluorescence Lidar for Agricultural Applications. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20235707003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed ultracompact fluorescence LiDAR for agricultural applications. To minimize the device, we used laser diode (wavelength 405 nm and power consumption 150 mW) and minispectrometer with wavelength range from 350 nm to 810 nm. We used single board computer to control LiDAR instrument. Small size (10×15×5 cm) and low weight (310 g) of the LiDAR make it possible to install it on a commercial unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Maize field have been sensed by LiDAR to distinguish healthy and plants under stress. Due the measurement we constructed field maps in different wavelengths of fluorescent radiation.
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Prolonged Use of Insecticide Dimethoate Inhibits Growth and Photosynthetic Activity of Wheat Seedlings: A Study by Laser-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Spectroscopy. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:2159-2172. [PMID: 35970986 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper is an extension of the work published in Journal of Fluorescence (2011) 21: 785-791. In the previous work, we studied the effect of dimethoate (50, 100 and 200 ppm) on growth and photosynthetic activity of wheat seedlings after 10 days of dimethoate treatment. In the present study, new measurement conditions (dimethoate concentration: 25 ppm, treatment period: 20 days and 30 days) were used in addition to those used in the past work. Various plant growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment content, laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (LICF) spectra and fluorescence induction kinetics (FIK) curves were recorded after 10, 20 and 30 days of dimethoate treatments. LICF spectra were recorded in the region of 650-780 nm using violet diode laser (405 nm). FIK curves were recorded at 685 nm using red diode laser (635 nm). Fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of two fluorescence peaks around 685 and 730 nm, and variable chlorophyll fluorescence decrease ratio (Rfd) were determined from LICF spectra and FIK curves respectively. Curve-fitted parameters of LICF spectra were used for determination of FIR (F685/F730). The effect of treatment of the insecticide dimethoate on growth and photosynthetic activity of wheat seedlings was examined by using these parameters as well as the past work. In 10-days treatment, 25 and 50 ppm dimethoate showed stimulatory effect with better stimulation being observed at 25 ppm. All studied concentrations higher than 50 ppm exhibited inhibitory effect on wheat seedlings. In case of dimethoate treatment studied for longer durations (more than 10 days), all concentrations showed inhibitory effect. Lower doses which showed some positive response for short time duration become toxic with the extension of treatment periods. Thus, this study clearly confirms the toxic effect of dimethoate on wheat plants.
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10
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Barabasz-Krasny B, Możdżeń K, Tatoj A, Rożek K, Zandi P, Schnug E, Stachurska-Swakoń A. Ecophysiological Parameters of Medicinal Plant Filipendula vulgaris in Diverse Habitat Conditions. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081198. [PMID: 36009829 PMCID: PMC9405296 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study attempts to determine which of the habitats occupied by Filipendula vulgaris creates better conditions for its growth and development. Selected physiological parameters—PSII activity, chlorophyll content, electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide content as well as biomass, the occurrence of mycorrhiza, and soil characteristics—were investigated. Grassland soils had a higher content of macronutrients and a lower concentration of heavy metals. The degree of colonization of F. vulgaris by AMF (Arum type) oscillated around high values in both types of stands. Plants growing on xerothermic grasslands achieved much better fluorescence parameters than those collected from meadows. Similar results were obtained from the analysis of chlorophyll content. The destabilization degree of cell membranes was significantly higher in plants collected in meadows than in grasslands. Biomass analysis showed higher values of these parameters in grassland plants. In the case of the parameters of fluorescence emission, plants growing on grasslands achieved significantly lower values than plants collected from meadows. The analyses carried out showed that better conditions for growth and physiological activity of F. vulgaris are probably associated with grasslands on a calcareous substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Barabasz-Krasny
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Tatoj
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rożek
- Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Peiman Zandi
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Cracow, Poland
- International Faculty of Applied Technology, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewald Schnug
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Plant Biology, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38-106 Braunschweig, Germany
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11
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Kováč D, Ač A, Šigut L, Peñuelas J, Grace J, Urban O. Combining NDVI, PRI and the quantum yield of solar-induced fluorescence improves estimations of carbon fluxes in deciduous and evergreen forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154681. [PMID: 35314217 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We used automated spectroradiometers to continuously monitor changes in the optical parameters of phenological and photosynthetic traits in beech and spruce forests. We examined seasonal variations in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), photochemical reflectance index (PRI), and solar-induced fluorescence in the oxygen A band (SIFA) that was estimated using a 3-FLD discrimination method from radiance data. The optical parameters tracked the activation and cessation of photosynthesis in spring and autumn. Data at photon fluxes >1200 μmol m-2 s-1 during extended noon hours were used to link the seasonal PRI and SIFA variations to the dynamics of photosynthesis. Seasonal PRI was significantly correlated with photosynthetic light-use efficiency (LUE) with R2 values of 0.66 and 0.48 for the measurements in beech and spruce forests, respectively. SIFA emissions were significantly correlated with the gross primary production (GPP) of the evergreen spruce forest (R2 = 0.47), but R2 was only 0.13 when measured in the beech forest. The correlations between the optical parameters and GPP or LUE, however, tended to be lower when using a dataset with constant NDVI. Introducing an equation combining NDVI, PRI, and the quantum yield of SIFA emission increased R2 for LUE estimation to 0.77 in the spruce forest and 0.63 in the beech forest. GPP was estimated from the parametric equation with improved accuracy reaching R2 = 0.53 and RMSE = 5.95 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 in spruce forest and R2 = 0.58 and RMSE = 5.23 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 in beech forest. Parametric equations were more efficient in estimating photosynthesis in datasets that consisted of an entire season's data. By combining NDVI, PRI and the quantum yield of SIFA, we could thus substantially improve estimations of carbon fluxes in diverse deciduous and evergreen canopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kováč
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexander Ač
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Šigut
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - John Grace
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Bldg, Kings Bldgs, Alexander Crum Brown Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Pogorzelec M, Hawrylak-Nowak B, Banach-Albińska B, Szczurowska A, Parzymies M, Spólna K. From ex situ cultivation to stands in natural habitats: Critical periods for plants during the reintroduction of Salix lapponum L. in Eastern Poland. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Comparative Ecophysiology of Black Spruce between Lichen Woodlands and Feathermoss Stands in Eastern Canada. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is likely to affect the growth, development and regeneration of the black spruce stands across the boreal forest. Regeneration failures cause gaps in the dense black spruce-feathermoss (SM) mosaic increasing the landscape proportion of open lichen woodland (LW). The aims of the study are to determine whether the contrasting characteristics of SM and LW induce different maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax), maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) and light-saturated maximum photosynthesis (Amax) in black spruce trees across a latitudinal or seasonal gradient. Results show that the Vcmax and Jmax were higher in SM than in LW in western Quebec, at the ecotone of the closed-crown and open forest. Vcmax and Jmax were different between SM and LW mainly because nutrient acquisition seems different between stand types. Latitude affects values of Vcmax and Jmax, but the effect could be explained by soil and vegetation composition between experimental plots rather than by latitude. Physiological capacities do not match Amax values for stand types and latitude. Indeed, Amax rates suggest that black spruce in LWs perform as well as those in SMs at the needle scale because Amax would be limited by CO2 concentration which prevents saturation of Rubisco. Despite the lack of difference between the Amax of SM and LW stands, future increases in CO2 concentration and temperature could induce a gap between their respective photosynthesis rates because of their different physiological capacities.
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14
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Tanner F, Tonn S, de Wit J, Van den Ackerveken G, Berger B, Plett D. Sensor-based phenotyping of above-ground plant-pathogen interactions. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:35. [PMID: 35313920 PMCID: PMC8935837 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00853-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens cause yield losses in crops worldwide. Breeding for improved disease resistance and management by precision agriculture are two approaches to limit such yield losses. Both rely on detecting and quantifying signs and symptoms of plant disease. To achieve this, the field of plant phenotyping makes use of non-invasive sensor technology. Compared to invasive methods, this can offer improved throughput and allow for repeated measurements on living plants. Abiotic stress responses and yield components have been successfully measured with phenotyping technologies, whereas phenotyping methods for biotic stresses are less developed, despite the relevance of plant disease in crop production. The interactions between plants and pathogens can lead to a variety of signs (when the pathogen itself can be detected) and diverse symptoms (detectable responses of the plant). Here, we review the strengths and weaknesses of a broad range of sensor technologies that are being used for sensing of signs and symptoms on plant shoots, including monochrome, RGB, hyperspectral, fluorescence, chlorophyll fluorescence and thermal sensors, as well as Raman spectroscopy, X-ray computed tomography, and optical coherence tomography. We argue that choosing and combining appropriate sensors for each plant-pathosystem and measuring with sufficient spatial resolution can enable specific and accurate measurements of above-ground signs and symptoms of plant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Tanner
- Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA Australia
| | - Sebastian Tonn
- Department of Biology, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Utrecht University, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos de Wit
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Van den Ackerveken
- Department of Biology, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Utrecht University, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bettina Berger
- Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA Australia
| | - Darren Plett
- Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA Australia
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15
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Jovanić B, Radenković B, Despotović-Zrakić M, Bogdanović Z, Barać D. Effect of UV-B radiation on chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic activity and relative chlorophyll content of five different corn hybrids. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2022.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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16
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Esteban R, Resco de Dios V, García-Plazaola JI. Assessing Plant Pigment Regulation in Circadian Experiments. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2494:135-148. [PMID: 35467205 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2297-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms affect many aspects of a plant's metabolism including, but not limited to, photosynthesis. Here, we provide a complete protocol for determining changes in the composition of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), and we also consider its implementation within circadian experiments. We describe how to design a circadian experiment with the goal of assessing changes in pigment composition. We then perform two consecutive approaches to track changes in pigment composition: indirect noninvasive estimation of pigment composition (by reflectance or fluorescence) followed by direct pigment analysis (by chromatography or spectrophotometry). Finally, we present several considerations regarding data analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Esteban
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Víctor Resco de Dios
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- Joint Research Unit CTFC-AGROTECNIO, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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17
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Cataldo E, Salvi L, Mattii GB. Effects of irrigation on ecophysiology, sugar content andthiol precursors (3-S-cysteinylhexan-1-ol and 3-S-glutathionylhexan-1-ol) on Vitis vinifera cv. Sauvignon Blanc. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:247-259. [PMID: 34015690 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has an important impact on the phenological phases of the grapevine. The consequences are directly reflected in quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the grapes. In fact, there is a decrease in the skin-to-pulp ratio (therefore a decrease in production with an excess of alcohol) and a consequent reduction in the aromatic potential of white grapes (lowering of the quality of musts). Volatile tioles are important aromatic compounds found in various foods and drinks; in particular they contribute to forming the aroma of some types of white wines as they are characterized by extremely low perception thresholds. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of water stress on ecophysiology, technological maturity and on the thiol precursors of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon Blanc vineyards in the Tuscan region (Italy) during two seasons. To this end, three treatments were established: WW (well watered), MW (medium watered), and WS (water stress with no irrigation). During the seasons, measurements were made of single-leaf gas exchange, pre-dawn and leaf midday water potential, leaf temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, as well chlorophyll content. In addition, the parameters of plant yield, technological maturity (° Brix, acidity, pH and berries weight) and the precursors of 3-Mercaptohexanol (3MH) were analyzed: 3-S-cysteinylhexan-1-ol (Cys-3MH) and 3-S-glutathionylhexan-1-ol (GSH-3MH). Well watered treatments (WW) showed less negative water potential, a higher rate of photosynthesis, of stomatal conductance, a lower leaf temperature (°C). Furthermore, WW showed higher levels of precursors accumulation (Cys-3MH and GSH-3MH) than the other treatments during two seasons. Technological analyses (° Brix and acidity) showed significant differences between WW and WS treatments. The lower berry weight was found in the WS treatment. Finally as a result of climate change, precision irrigation has proved to be a good technique to rebalance the gap between technological and aromatic maturity in Sauvignon Blanc grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cataldo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| | - Linda Salvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| | - Giovan Battista Mattii
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
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18
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Torres R, Romero JM, Lagorio MG. Effects of sub-optimal illumination in plants. Comprehensive chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2021; 218:112182. [PMID: 33813366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence signals emitted by chlorophyll molecules of plants is a promising non-destructive indicator of plant physiology due to its close link to photosynthesis. In this work, a deep photophysical study of chlorophyll fluorescence was provided, to assess the sub-optimal illumination effects on three plant species: L. sativa, A. hybridus and S. dendroideum. In all the cases, low light (LL) treatment induced an increase in pigment content. Fluorescence ratios - corrected by light reabsorption processes - remained constant, which suggested that photosystems stoichiometry was conserved. For all species and treatments, quantum yields of photophysical decay remained around 0.2, which meant that the maximum possible photosynthesis efficiency was about 0.8. L. sativa (C3) acclimated to low light illumination, displayed a strong increase in the LHC size and a net decrease in the photosynthetic efficiency. A. hybridus (C4) was not appreciably stressed by the low light availability whereas S. dendroideum (CAM), decreased its antenna and augmented the quantum yield of primary photochemistry. A novel approach to describe NPQ relaxation kinetics was also presented here and used to calculate typical deactivation times and amplitudes for NPQ components. LL acclimated L. sativa presented a much larger deactivation time for its state-transition-related quenching than the other species. Comprehensive fluorescence analysis allowed a deep study of the changes in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis upon low light illumination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Torres
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1er piso, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J M Romero
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1er piso, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M G Lagorio
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1er piso, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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19
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Legendre R, Basinger NT, van Iersel MW. Low-Cost Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging for Stress Detection. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21062055. [PMID: 33804000 PMCID: PMC7999708 DOI: 10.3390/s21062055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plants naturally contain high levels of the stress-responsive fluorophore chlorophyll. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI) is a powerful tool to measure photosynthetic efficiency in plants and provides the ability to detect damage from a range of biotic and abiotic stresses before visible symptoms occur. However, most CFI systems are complex, expensive systems that use pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry. Here, we test a simple CFI system, that does not require PAM fluorometry, but instead simply images fluorescence emitted by plants. We used this technique to visualize stress induced by the photosystem II-inhibitory herbicide atrazine. After applying atrazine as a soil drench, CFI and color images were taken at 15-minute intervals, alongside measurements from a PAM fluorometer and a leaf reflectometer. Pixel intensity of the CFI images was negatively correlated with the quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) (p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with the measured reflectance in the spectral region of chlorophyll fluorescence emissions (p < 0.0001). A fluorescence-based stress index was developed using the reflectometer measurements based on wavelengths with the highest (741.2 nm) and lowest variability (548.9 nm) in response to atrazine damage. This index was correlated with ΦPSII (p < 0.0001). Low-cost CFI imaging can detect herbicide-induced stress (and likely other stressors) before there is visual damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeve Legendre
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Nicholas T. Basinger
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Marc W. van Iersel
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
- Correspondence:
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20
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Ahmadabadi Z, Zarei M, Yasrebi J, Ronaghi A, Ghasemi R, Sadegh Kasmaei L, Bloem E, Schnug E. The effect of bio/organic fertilizers on the phytotoxicity of sulfadiazine to Echium amoenum in a calcareous soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111408. [PMID: 33038728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fate of antibiotics and their effects on plant growth may be changed by the application of fertilizers. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of sulfadiazine (SDZ), rice husk compost (RHC), rice husk biochar (RHB), and mycorrhiza (MR) on the growth attributes of Iranian Echium amoenum Fisch & C.A. Mey. A greenhouse experiment as a completely randomized design with six treatments of bio/organic-fertilizers (no bio-fertilizer (NF), RHB, RHC, MR, RHB+MR, and RHC+MR) and three levels of SDZ application (0, 100, and 200 mg kg-1) was performed for 7months with three replicates. Shoot and root SDZ concentrations were determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) instrumentation. The results revealed that the application of RHC, RHB, and MR had a significant impact on the reduction of the toxicity effects of SDZ on plant properties. The lowest values of growth parameters belonged to the 200 mg kg-1 of SDZ with no bio-fertilizers, while the highest growth parameters were observed in the treatments of RHB+MR, and RHC+MR with no SDZ application. Also, chlorophyll pigments content was affected by used treatments and the lowest rates of chlorophyll a (4.24), chlorophyll b (2.99), and carotenoids (2.88) were related to the 200 mg kg-1 of SDZ with no biofertilizers application. The co-application of bio-fertilizers and SDZ (at both levels of 100 and 200 mg kg-1) decreased SDZ uptake by both shoot and root in comparison with the control. The same results were obtained with macro (NPK) and micro (Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) nutrients uptake by the shoot in which the lowest values of nutrients uptake were observed in treatment of 200 mg kg-1 of SDZ with no bio-fertilizers. Furthermore, in the case of the effect of the used treatments on root colonization, the results showed that the lowest value (7.26%) belonged to the 200 mg kg-1 application of SDZ with no bio-fertilizers. Generally, this study demonstrated that bio-fertilizers could be considered as an effective strategy in controlling the negative effects of antibiotics on the growth properties and nutrients status of the plants grown in such contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ahmadabadi
- Soil Science, Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Zarei
- Soil Science, Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Jafar Yasrebi
- Soil Science, Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Abdolmajid Ronaghi
- Soil Science, Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Reza Ghasemi
- Soil Science, Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Leila Sadegh Kasmaei
- Soil Science, Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Elke Bloem
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Ewald Schnug
- Soil Science, Julius Kühn-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany.
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21
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UV-C mediated accumulation of pharmacologically significant phytochemicals under light regimes in in vitro culture of Fagonia indica (L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:679. [PMID: 33436717 PMCID: PMC7804141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fagonia indica (L.) is an important medicinal plant with multitude of therapeutic potentials. Such application has been attributed to the presence of various pharmacological important phytochemicals. However, the inadequate biosynthesis of such metabolites in intact plants has hampered scalable production. Thus, herein, we have established an in vitro based elicitation strategy to enhance such metabolites in callus culture of F. indica. Cultures were exposed to various doses of UV radiation (UV-C) and grown in different photoperiod regimes and their impact was evaluated on biomass accumulation, biosynthesis of phytochemicals along antioxidant expression. Cultures grown under photoperiod (16L/8D h) after exposure to UV-C (5.4 kJ/m2) accumulated optimal biomass (438.3 g/L FW; 16.4 g/L DW), phenolics contents (TPC: 11.8 μgGAE/mg) and flavonoids contents (TFC: 4.05 μgQE/mg). Similarly, HPLC quantification revealed that total production (6.967 μg/mg DW) of phytochemicals wherein kaempferol (1.377 μg/mg DW), apigenin (1.057 μg/mg DW), myricetin (1.022 μg/mg DW) and isorhamnetin (1.022 μg/mg DW) were recorded highly accumulated compounds in cultures at UV-C (5.4 kJ/m2) dose than other UV-C radiations and light regimes.. The antioxidants activities examined as DPPH (92.8%), FRAP (182.3 µM TEAC) and ABTS (489.1 µM TEAC) were also recorded highly expressed by cultures under photoperiod after treatment with UV-C dose 5.4 kJ/m2. Moreover, same cultures also expressed maximum % inhibition towards phospholipase A2 (sPLA2: 35.8%), lipoxygenase (15-LOX: 43.3%) and cyclooxygenases (COX-1: 55.3% and COX-2: 39.9%) with 1.0-, 1.3-, 1.3- and 2.8-fold increased levels as compared with control, respectively. Hence, findings suggest that light and UV can synergistically improve the metabolism of F. indica and could be used to produce such valuable metabolites on commercial scale.
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22
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Li J, Zhang Y, Gu L, Li Z, Li J, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Song L. Seasonal variations in the relationship between sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic capacity from the leaf to canopy level in a rice crop. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:7179-7197. [PMID: 32902638 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic capacity (leaf maximum carboxylation rate, Vcmax) is a critical parameter for accurately assessing carbon assimilation by plant canopies. Recent studies of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) have shown potential for estimating Vcmax at the ecosystem level. However, the relationship between SIF and Vcmax at the leaf and canopy levels is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the dynamic relationship between SIF and Vcmax and its controlling factors using SIF and CO2 response measurements in a rice paddy. We found that SIF and its yield (SIFy) were strongly correlated with Vcmax during the growing season, although the relationship varied with plant growth stages. After flowering, SIFy showed a stronger relationship with Vcmax than SIF flux at both the leaf and canopy levels. Further analysis suggested that the divergence of the link between SIF and Vcmax from leaf to canopy are the result of changes in canopy structure and leaf physiology, highlighting that these need to be considered when interpreting the SIF signal across spatial scales. Our results provide evidence that remotely sensed SIF observations can be used to track seasonal variations in Vcmax at the leaf and canopy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Nantong Academy Of Intelligent Sensing, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianhong Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Zhaohui Li
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Li
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoying Zhang
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lian Song
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Zubler AV, Yoon JY. Proximal Methods for Plant Stress Detection Using Optical Sensors and Machine Learning. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E193. [PMID: 33260412 PMCID: PMC7760370 DOI: 10.3390/bios10120193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant stresses have been monitored using the imaging or spectrometry of plant leaves in the visible (red-green-blue or RGB), near-infrared (NIR), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV) wavebands, often augmented by fluorescence imaging or fluorescence spectrometry. Imaging at multiple specific wavelengths (multi-spectral imaging) or across a wide range of wavelengths (hyperspectral imaging) can provide exceptional information on plant stress and subsequent diseases. Digital cameras, thermal cameras, and optical filters have become available at a low cost in recent years, while hyperspectral cameras have become increasingly more compact and portable. Furthermore, smartphone cameras have dramatically improved in quality, making them a viable option for rapid, on-site stress detection. Due to these developments in imaging technology, plant stresses can be monitored more easily using handheld and field-deployable methods. Recent advances in machine learning algorithms have allowed for images and spectra to be analyzed and classified in a fully automated and reproducible manner, without the need for complicated image or spectrum analysis methods. This review will highlight recent advances in portable (including smartphone-based) detection methods for biotic and abiotic stresses, discuss data processing and machine learning techniques that can produce results for stress identification and classification, and suggest future directions towards the successful translation of these methods into practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
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24
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Anas M, Liao F, Verma KK, Sarwar MA, Mahmood A, Chen ZL, Li Q, Zeng XP, Liu Y, Li YR. Fate of nitrogen in agriculture and environment: agronomic, eco-physiological and molecular approaches to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Biol Res 2020; 53:47. [PMID: 33066819 PMCID: PMC7565752 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is the main limiting nutrient after carbon, hydrogen and oxygen for photosynthetic process, phyto-hormonal, proteomic changes and growth-development of plants to complete its lifecycle. Excessive and inefficient use of N fertilizer results in enhanced crop production costs and atmospheric pollution. Atmospheric nitrogen (71%) in the molecular form is not available for the plants. For world's sustainable food production and atmospheric benefits, there is an urgent need to up-grade nitrogen use efficiency in agricultural farming system. The nitrogen use efficiency is the product of nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency, it varies from 30.2 to 53.2%. Nitrogen losses are too high, due to excess amount, low plant population, poor application methods etc., which can go up to 70% of total available nitrogen. These losses can be minimized up to 15-30% by adopting improved agronomic approaches such as optimal dosage of nitrogen, application of N by using canopy sensors, maintaining plant population, drip fertigation and legume based intercropping. A few transgenic studies have shown improvement in nitrogen uptake and even increase in biomass. Nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase and asparagine synthetase enzyme have a great role in nitrogen metabolism. However, further studies on carbon-nitrogen metabolism and molecular changes at omic levels are required by using "whole genome sequencing technology" to improve nitrogen use efficiency. This review focus on nitrogen use efficiency that is the major concern of modern days to save economic resources without sacrificing farm yield as well as safety of global environment, i.e. greenhouse gas emissions, ammonium volatilization and nitrate leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Anas
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Fen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Krishan K Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | | | - Aamir Mahmood
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xu-Peng Zeng
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, 530007, China.
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China.
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Zhuang J, Wang Y, Chi Y, Zhou L, Chen J, Zhou W, Song J, Zhao N, Ding J. Drought stress strengthens the link between chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic traits. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10046. [PMID: 33024649 PMCID: PMC7520092 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) has been used to understand photosynthesis and its response to climate change, particularly with satellite-based data. However, it remains unclear how the ChlF ratio and photosynthesis are linked at the leaf level under drought stress. Here, we examined the link between ChlF ratio and photosynthesis at the leaf level by measuring photosynthetic traits, such as net CO2 assimilation rate (An), the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco (Vcmax), the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax), stomatal conductance (gs) and total chlorophyll content (Chlt). The ChlF ratio of the leaf level such as maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) is based on fluorescence kinetics. ChlF intensity ratio (LD685/LD740) based on spectrum analysis was obtained. We found that a combination of the stomatal limitation, non-stomatal limitation, and Chlt regulated leaf photosynthesis under drought stress, while Jmax and Chlt governed the ChlF ratio. A significant link between the ChlF ratio and An was found under drought stress while no significant correlation in the control, which indicated that drought stress strengthens the link between the ChlF ratio and photosynthetic traits. These results suggest that the ChlF ratio can be a powerful tool to track photosynthetic traits of terrestrial ecosystems under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhuang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yonglin Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yonggang Chi
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jijing Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Song
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianxi Ding
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
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26
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Lin HH, Lin KH, Huang MY, Su YR. Use of Non-Destructive Measurements to Identify Cucurbit Species ( Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata) Tolerant to Waterlogged Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1226. [PMID: 32961858 PMCID: PMC7570360 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Limited information is available regarding the physiology of squash plants grown under waterlogging stress. The objectives of this study were to investigate the growth and physiological performances of three cucurbit species, Cucurbita maxima cultivar (cv.) OK-101 (OK) and Cucurbita moschata cv. Early Price (EP) and Strong Man (SM), in response to waterlogging conditions, and to develop a precise, integrated, and quantitative non-destructive measurement of squash genotypes under stress. All tested plants were grown in a growth chamber under optimal irrigation and growth conditions for a month, and the pot plants were then subjected to non-waterlogging (control) and waterlogging treatments for periods of 1, 3, 7, and 13 days (d), followed by a 3-d post-waterlogging recovery period after water drainage. Plants with phenotypes, such as fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and dry matter (DM) of shoots and roots, and various physiological systems, including relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter, ratio of variable/maximal fluorescence (Fv/Fm), quantum photosynthetic yield (YII), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and photochemical reflectance index (PRI) values, responded differently to waterlogging stress in accordance with the duration of the stress period and subsequent recovery period. When plants were treated with stress for 13 d, all plants exhibited harmful effects to their leaves compared with the control, but EP squash grew better than SM and OK squashes and exhibited stronger tolerance to waterlogging and showed less injury. Changes in the fresh weight, dry weight, and dry matter of shoots and roots indicated that OK plants suffered more severely than EP plants at the 3-d drainage period. The values of RWC, SPAD, Fv/Fm, YII, NDVI, and PRI in both SM and OK plants remarkably decreased at waterlogging at the 13-d time point compared with controls under identical time periods. However, the increased levels of SPAD, Fv/Fm, YII, NDVI, and PRI observed on 7 d or 13 d of waterlogging afforded the EP plant leaf with improved waterlogged tolerance. Significant and positive correlations were observed among NDVI and PRI with SPAD, Fv/Fm, and YII, indicating that these photosynthetic indices can be useful for developing non-destructive estimations of chlorophyll content in squashes when screening for waterlogging-tolerant plants, for establishing development practices for their cultivation in fields, and for enhanced cultivation during waterlogging in frequently flooded areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hung Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.-R.S.)
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.-R.S.)
| | - Meng-Yuan Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Ru Su
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.-R.S.)
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Pernis M, Skultety L, Shevchenko V, Klubicova K, Rashydov N, Danchenko M. Soybean recovery from stress imposed by multigenerational growth in contaminated Chernobyl environment. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 251:153219. [PMID: 32563765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a genotoxic anthropogenic stressor. It can cause heritable changes in the plant genome, which can be either adaptive or detrimental. There is still considerable uncertainty about the effects of chronic low-intensity doses since earlier studies reported somewhat contradictory conclusions. Our project focused on the recovery from the multiyear chronic ionizing radiation stress. Soybean (Glycine max) was grown in field plots located at the Chernobyl exclusion zone and transferred to the clean ground in the subsequent generation. We profiled proteome of mature seeds by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Overall, 15 differentially abundant protein spots were identified in the field comparison and 11 in the recovery generation, primarily belonging to storage proteins, disease/defense, and metabolism categories. Data suggested that during multigenerational growth in a contaminated environment, detrimental heritable changes were accumulated. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured on the late vegetative state, pointing to partial recovery of photosynthesis from stress imposed by contaminating radionuclides. A plausible explanation for the observed phenomena is insufficient provisioning of seeds by lower quality resources, causing a persistent effect in the offspring generation. Additionally, we hypothesized that immunity against phytopathogens was compromised in the contaminated field, but perhaps even primed in the clean ground, yet this idea requires direct functional validation in future experiments. Despite showing clear signs of physiological recovery, one season was not enough to normalize biochemical processes. Overall, our data contribute to the more informed agricultural radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pernis
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Akademicka 2, 95007 Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Ludovit Skultety
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Dubravska 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Viktor Shevchenko
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasylkivska 31/17, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Katarina Klubicova
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Akademicka 2, 95007 Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Namik Rashydov
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademika Zabolotnoho 148, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Maksym Danchenko
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Akademicka 2, 95007 Nitra, Slovakia; Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Dubravska 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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28
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Duan Z, Li Y, Wang X, Wang J, Brydegaard M, Zhao G, Svanberg S. Drone-Based Fluorescence Lidar Systems for Vegetation and Marine Environment Monitoring. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023707013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed two different types of drone-based fluorescence lidar systems for vegetation and marine environment monitoring, both based on violet CW diode lasers. An inelastic hyperspectral Scheimpflug lidar system was used for vegetation profiling combined with fluorescence spectral recordings. A light-weight fluorosensor set for fixed-height recordings was employed for monitoring of marine environments, featuring water Raman signals, algal chlorophyll and strong oil spill fluorescence.
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29
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Pinto F, Celesti M, Acebron K, Alberti G, Cogliati S, Colombo R, Juszczak R, Matsubara S, Miglietta F, Palombo A, Panigada C, Pignatti S, Rossini M, Sakowska K, Schickling A, Schüttemeyer D, Stróżecki M, Tudoroiu M, Rascher U. Dynamics of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and reflectance to detect stress-induced variations in canopy photosynthesis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1637-1654. [PMID: 32167577 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Passive measurement of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (F) represents the most promising tool to quantify changes in photosynthetic functioning on a large scale. However, the complex relationship between this signal and other photosynthesis-related processes restricts its interpretation under stress conditions. To address this issue, we conducted a field campaign by combining daily airborne and ground-based measurements of F (normalized to photosynthetically active radiation), reflectance and surface temperature and related the observed changes to stress-induced variations in photosynthesis. A lawn carpet was sprayed with different doses of the herbicide Dicuran. Canopy-level measurements of gross primary productivity indicated dosage-dependent inhibition of photosynthesis by the herbicide. Dosage-dependent changes in normalized F were also detected. After spraying, we first observed a rapid increase in normalized F and in the Photochemical Reflectance Index, possibly due to the blockage of electron transport by Dicuran and the resultant impairment of xanthophyll-mediated non-photochemical quenching. This initial increase was followed by a gradual decrease in both signals, which coincided with a decline in pigment-related reflectance indices. In parallel, we also detected a canopy temperature increase after the treatment. These results demonstrate the potential of using F coupled with relevant reflectance indices to estimate stress-induced changes in canopy photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pinto
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marco Celesti
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Kelvin Acebron
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Giorgio Alberti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Cogliati
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Radosław Juszczak
- Meteorology Department, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Shizue Matsubara
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Franco Miglietta
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
- FoxLab Joint CNR-FEM Initiative, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Angelo Palombo
- Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (IMAA), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Panigada
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Pignatti
- Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (IMAA), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Micol Rossini
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Karolina Sakowska
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Department, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Ecology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anke Schickling
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Marcin Stróżecki
- Meteorology Department, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marin Tudoroiu
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
- European Space Agency (ESA), ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe Rascher
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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Modlitbová P, Pořízka P, Střítežská S, Zezulka Š, Kummerová M, Novotný K, Kaiser J. Detail investigation of toxicity, bioaccumulation, and translocation of Cd-based quantum dots and Cd salt in white mustard. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126174. [PMID: 32151804 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a model crop plant white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) was treated with an aqueous dispersion of silica-coated CdTe quantum dots (CdTe/SiO2 QDs) in a 72-h short-term toxicity test. The toxicity was established via measurements of (i) the root length and (ii) the chlorophyll fluorescence. These results were compared to two other sources of cadmium, free Cd ions (CdCl2) and prime un-shell nanoparticles CdTe QDs. Tested compounds were applied in concentrations representing 20 and 200 μM Cd. The uptake and translocation of Cd were investigated using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and the spatial Cd distribution was investigated in detail applying laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The LIBS maps with a lateral resolution of 100 μm were constructed for the whole plants, and maps with a lateral resolution of 25 μm (micro-LIBS arrangement) were used to analyse only the most interesting parts of plants with Cd presence (e.g. root tips or a part crossing the root into the above-ground part). Our results show that the bioaccumulation patterns and spatial distribution of Cd in CdTe/SiO2 QDs-treated plants differ from the plants of positive control and CdTe QDs. Fluorescence microscopy photographs revealed that CdTe/SiO2 became adsorbed onto the plant surface in comparison to CdTe QDs. Further, a physico-chemical characterization of QDs before and after the test exposure showed only minor changes in the nanoparticle diameters and no tendencies of QDs for agglomeration or aggregation during the exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Modlitbová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Pořízka
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sára Střítežská
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Zezulka
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Kummerová
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Novotný
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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31
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Deda DK, Iglesias BA, Alves E, Araki K, Garcia CRS. Porphyrin Derivative Nanoformulations for Therapy and Antiparasitic Agents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092080. [PMID: 32365664 PMCID: PMC7249045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyrins and analogous macrocycles exhibit interesting photochemical, catalytic, and luminescence properties demonstrating high potential in the treatment of several diseases. Among them can be highlighted the possibility of application in photodynamic therapy and antimicrobial/antiparasitic PDT, for example, of malaria parasite. However, the low efficiency generally associated with their low solubility in water and bioavailability have precluded biomedical applications. Nanotechnology can provide efficient strategies to enhance bioavailability and incorporate targeted delivery properties to conventional pharmaceuticals, enhancing the effectiveness and reducing the toxicity, thus improving the adhesion to the treatment. In this way, those limitations can be overcome by using two main strategies: (1) Incorporation of hydrophilic substituents into the macrocycle ring while controlling the interaction with biological systems and (2) by including them in nanocarriers and delivery nanosystems. This review will focus on antiparasitic drugs based on porphyrin derivatives developed according to these two strategies, considering their vast and increasing applications befitting the multiple roles of these compounds in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana K. Deda
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil; (D.K.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Bernardo A. Iglesias
- Bioinorganic and Porphyrinoid Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil;
| | - Eduardo Alves
- Department of Life Science, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Koiti Araki
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil; (D.K.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Celia R. S. Garcia
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-2648-0954
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Malinská H, Pidlisnyuk V, Nebeská D, Erol A, Medžová A, Trögl J. Physiological Response of Miscanthus x giganteus to Plant Growth Regulators in Nutritionally Poor Soil. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020194. [PMID: 32033420 PMCID: PMC7076640 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Miscanthus x giganteus (Mxg) is a promising second-generation biofuel crop with high production of energetic biomass. Our aim was to determine the level of plant stress of Mxg grown in poor quality soils using non-invasive physiological parameters and to test whether the stress could be reduced by application of plant growth regulators (PGRs). Plant fitness was quantified by measuring of leaf fluorescence using 24 indexes to select the most suitable fluorescence indicators for quantification of this type of abiotic stress. Simultaneously, visible stress signs were observed on stems and leaves and differences in variants were revealed also by microscopy of leaf sections. Leaf fluorescence analysis, visual observation and changes of leaf anatomy revealed significant stress in all studied subjects compared to those cultivated in good quality soil. Besides commonly used Fv/Fm (potential photosynthetic efficiency) and P.I. (performance index), which showed very low sensitivity, we suggest other fluorescence parameters (like dissipation, DIo/RC) for revealing finer differences. We can conclude that measurement of leaf fluorescence is a suitable method for revealing stress affecting Mxg in poor soils. However, none of investigated parameters proved significant positive effect of PGRs on stress reduction. Therefore, direct improvement of soil quality by fertilization should be considered for stress reduction and improving the biomass quality in this type of soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Malinská
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem 400 96, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (A.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Pidlisnyuk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, 400 96, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (D.N.); (J.T.)
| | - Diana Nebeská
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, 400 96, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (D.N.); (J.T.)
| | - Anna Erol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem 400 96, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (A.E.)
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-089, Poland
| | - Andrea Medžová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem 400 96, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Josef Trögl
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, 400 96, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (D.N.); (J.T.)
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33
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Novel Combined Spectral Indices Derived from Hyperspectral and Laser-Induced Fluorescence LiDAR Spectra for Leaf Nitrogen Contents Estimation of Rice. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spectra of reflectance (Sr) and fluorescence (Sf) are significant for crop monitoring and ecological environment research, and can be used to indicate the leaf nitrogen content (LNC) of crops indirectly. The aim of this work is to use the Sr-Sf features obtained with hyperspectral and laser-induced fluorescence LiDAR (HSL, LIFL) systems to construct novel combined spectral indices (NCIH-F) for multi-year rice LNC estimation. The NCIH-F is in a form of FWs* Φ + GSIs* Φ , where Φ is the Sr-Sf features, and FWs and GSIs are the feature weights and global sensitive indices for each characteristic band. In this study, the characteristic bands were chosen in different ways. Firstly, the Sr-Sf characteristics which can be the intensity or derivative variables of spectra in 685 and 740 nm, have been assigned as the Φ value in NCIH-F formula. Simultaneously, the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) formed with 531 and 570 nm was modified based on a variant spectral index, called PRIfraction, with the Sf intensity in 740 nm, and then compared its potential with NCIH-F on LNC estimation. During the above analysis, both NCIH-F and PRIfraction values were utilized to model rice LNC based on the artificial neural networks (ANNs) method. Subsequently, four prior bands were selected, respectively, with high FW and GSI values as the ANNs inputs for rice LNC estimation. Results show that FW- and GSI-based NCIH-F are closely related to rice LNC, and the performance of previous spectral indices used for LNC estimation can be greatly improved by multiplying their FWs and GSIs. Thus, it can be included that the FW- and GSI-based NCIH-F constitutes an efficient and reliable constructed form combining HSL (Sr) and LIFL (Sf) data together for rice LNC estimation.
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Richardson SC, Mytilinaios M, Foskinis R, Kyrou C, Papayannis A, Pyrri I, Giannoutsou E, Adamakis IDS. Bioaerosol detection over Athens, Greece using the laser induced fluorescence technique. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 696:133906. [PMID: 31442725 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The challenge in today's bioaerosol monitoring is to retrieve real-time information on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the ambient air in bioparticles implicated to human health. A pilot study was conducted during March-May 2018 in Athens, Greece in order to detect bioparticles within the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) by implementing the LIF LiDAR (Laser-Induced Fluorescence Light Detection and Ranging) technique at an excitation wavelength of 266 nm in order to determine the major components' contribution on the total fluorescence LiDAR signals aloft (30-100 m above our site). The laboratory characterization of the prevalent pollen grains and fungal spores fluorescence signatures enabled through deconvolution the breaking down of the retrieved LIF LiDAR signals and unravelled each bioparticle's contribution. The bioaerosol occurrence and concentration, as determined by the concurrent sampling with a volumetric particle sampler, verified that the detected fluorescence is related to the fungal and pollen aerosol concentration. The results of this study are very promising for the implementation of remote sensing technology in routine detection and quantification of airborne bioparticles in real-time which is important for allergy sufferers and physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Richardson
- Laser Remote Sensing Unit (LRSU), Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece
| | - M Mytilinaios
- Laser Remote Sensing Unit (LRSU), Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale (CNR-IMAA), C.da S. Loja, Tito Scalo, PZ 85050, Italy
| | - R Foskinis
- Laser Remote Sensing Unit (LRSU), Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece
| | - C Kyrou
- Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli, Zografos, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - A Papayannis
- Laser Remote Sensing Unit (LRSU), Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece.
| | - I Pyrri
- Section of Ecology and Systematics, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - E Giannoutsou
- Section of Botany, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - I D S Adamakis
- Section of Botany, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli, 15784 Athens, Greece
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Mohammed GH, Colombo R, Middleton EM, Rascher U, van der Tol C, Nedbal L, Goulas Y, Pérez-Priego O, Damm A, Meroni M, Joiner J, Cogliati S, Verhoef W, Malenovský Z, Gastellu-Etchegorry JP, Miller JR, Guanter L, Moreno J, Moya I, Berry JA, Frankenberg C, Zarco-Tejada PJ. Remote sensing of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) in vegetation: 50 years of progress. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2019; 231:111177. [PMID: 33414568 PMCID: PMC7787158 DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Remote sensing of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is a rapidly advancing front in terrestrial vegetation science, with emerging capability in space-based methodologies and diverse application prospects. Although remote sensing of SIF - especially from space - is seen as a contemporary new specialty for terrestrial plants, it is founded upon a multi-decadal history of research, applications, and sensor developments in active and passive sensing of chlorophyll fluorescence. Current technical capabilities allow SIF to be measured across a range of biological, spatial, and temporal scales. As an optical signal, SIF may be assessed remotely using highly-resolved spectral sensors and state-of-the-art algorithms to distinguish the emission from reflected and/or scattered ambient light. Because the red to far-red SIF emission is detectable non-invasively, it may be sampled repeatedly to acquire spatio-temporally explicit information about photosynthetic light responses and steady-state behaviour in vegetation. Progress in this field is accelerating with innovative sensor developments, retrieval methods, and modelling advances. This review distills the historical and current developments spanning the last several decades. It highlights SIF heritage and complementarity within the broader field of fluorescence science, the maturation of physiological and radiative transfer modelling, SIF signal retrieval strategies, techniques for field and airborne sensing, advances in satellite-based systems, and applications of these capabilities in evaluation of photosynthesis and stress effects. Progress, challenges, and future directions are considered for this unique avenue of remote sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab., University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Uwe Rascher
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christiaan van der Tol
- University of Twente, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ladislav Nedbal
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Yves Goulas
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD), Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Oscar Pérez-Priego
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Damm
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michele Meroni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - Joanna Joiner
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States
| | - Sergio Cogliati
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab., University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Wouter Verhoef
- University of Twente, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Zbyněk Malenovský
- Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Technology, Environments and Design, College of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | - John R. Miller
- Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Luis Guanter
- German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ), Remote Sensing Section, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jose Moreno
- Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ismael Moya
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD), Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Joseph A. Berry
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Christian Frankenberg
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra (VA), Italy
- Instituto de Agriculture Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Ambroise V, Legay S, Guerriero G, Hausman JF, Cuypers A, Sergeant K. Selection of Appropriate Reference Genes for Gene Expression Analysis under Abiotic Stresses in Salix viminalis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174210. [PMID: 31466254 PMCID: PMC6747362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salix viminalis is a fast growing willow species with potential as a plant used for biomass feedstock or for phytoremediation. However, few reference genes (RGs) for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) are available in S. viminalis, thereby limiting gene expression studies. Here, we investigated the expression stability of 14 candidate reference genes (RGs) across various organs exposed to five abiotic stresses (cold, heat, drought, salt, and poly-metals). Four RGs ranking algorithms, namely geNormPLUS, BestKeeper, NormFinder, and GrayNorm were applied to analyze the qPCR data and the outputs were merged into consensus lists with RankAggreg, a rank aggregation algorithm. In addition, the optimal RG combinations were determined with geNormPLUS and GrayNorm. The genes that were the most stable in the roots were TIP41 and CDC2. In the leaves, TIP41 was the most stable, followed by EF1b and ARI8, depending on the condition tested. Conversely, GAPDH and β-TUB, two genes commonly used for qPCR data normalization were the least stable across all organs. Nevertheless, both geNormPLUS and GrayNorm recommended the use of a combination of genes rather than a single one. These results are valuable for research of transcriptomic responses in different S. viminalis organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Ambroise
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sylvain Legay
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
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Life after Harvest: Circadian Regulation in Photosynthetic Pigments of Rocket Leaves during Supermarket Storage Affects the Nutritional Quality. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071519. [PMID: 31277441 PMCID: PMC6682859 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetables, once harvested and stored on supermarket shelves, continue to perform biochemical adjustments due to their modular nature and their ability to retain physiological autonomy. They can live after being harvested. In particular, the content of some essential nutraceuticals, such as carotenoids, can be altered in response to environmental or internal stimuli. Therefore, in the present study, we wondered whether endogenous rhythms continue to operate in commercial vegetables and if so, whether vegetable nutritional quality could be altered by such cycles. Our experimental model consisted of rocket leaves entrained under light/darkness cycles of 12/12 h over 3 days, and then we examined free-run oscillations for 2 days under continuous light or continuous darkness, which led to chlorophyll and carotenoid oscillations in both constant conditions. Given the importance of preserving food quality, the existence of such internal rhythms during continuous conditions may open new research perspective in nutrition science. However, while chromatographic techniques employed to determine pigment composition are accurate, they are also time-consuming and expensive. Here we propose for the first time an alternative method to estimate pigment content and the nutritional quality by the use of non-destructive and in situ optical techniques. These results are promising for nutritional quality assessments.
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Sun-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence II: Review of Passive Measurement Setups, Protocols, and Their Application at the Leaf to Canopy Level. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11080927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Imaging and non-imaging spectroscopy employed in the field and from aircraft is frequently used to assess biochemical, structural, and functional plant traits, as well as their dynamics in an environmental matrix. With the increasing availability of high-resolution spectroradiometers, it has become feasible to measure fine spectral features, such as those needed to estimate sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (F), which is a signal related to the photosynthetic process of plants. The measurement of F requires highly accurate and precise radiance measurements in combination with very sophisticated measurement protocols. Additionally, because F has a highly dynamic nature (compared with other vegetation information derived from spectral data) and low signal intensity, several environmental, physiological, and experimental aspects have to be considered during signal acquisition and are key for its reliable interpretation. The European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action ES1309 OPTIMISE has produced three articles addressing the main challenges in the field of F measurements. In this paper, which is the second of three, we review approaches that are available to measure F from the leaf to the canopy scale using ground-based and airborne platforms. We put specific emphasis on instrumental aspects, measurement setups, protocols, quality checks, and data processing strategies. Furthermore, we review existing techniques that account for atmospheric influences on F retrieval, address spatial scaling effects, and assess quality checks and the metadata and ancillary data required to reliably interpret retrieved F signals.
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Overexpression of three orthologous glutathione S-transferases from Populus increased salt and drought resistance in Arabidopsis. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Foster DH, Amano K. Hyperspectral imaging in color vision research: tutorial. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2019; 36:606-627. [PMID: 31044981 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.36.000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This tutorial offers an introduction to terrestrial and close-range hyperspectral imaging and some of its uses in human color vision research. The main types of hyperspectral cameras are described together with procedures for image acquisition, postprocessing, and calibration for either radiance or reflectance data. Image transformations are defined for colorimetric representations, color rendering, and cone receptor and postreceptor coding. Several example applications are also presented. These include calculating the color properties of scenes, such as gamut volume and metamerism, and analyzing the utility of color in observer tasks, such as identifying surfaces under illuminant changes. The effects of noise and uncertainty are considered in both image acquisition and color vision applications.
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Abstract
Ornamental plants use unique adaptive mechanisms to overcome the negative effects of drought stress. A large number of species grown in the Mediterranean area offer the opportunity to select some for ornamental purposes with the ability to adapt to drought conditions. The plants tolerant to drought stress show different adaptation mechanisms to overcome drought stress, including morphological, physiological, and biochemical modifications. These responses include increasing root/shoot ratio, growth reduction, leaf anatomy change, and reduction of leaf size and total leaf area to limit water loss and guarantee photosynthesis. In this review, the effect of drought stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll a fluorescence is discussed. Recent information on the mechanisms of signal transduction and the development of drought tolerance in ornamental plants is provided. Finally, drought-induced oxidative stress is analyzed and discussed. The purpose of this review is to deepen our knowledge of how drought may modify the morphological and physiological characteristics of plants and reduce their aesthetic value—that is, the key parameter of assessment of ornamental plants.
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Application of Laser-Induced Fluorescence in Functional Studies of Photosynthetic Biofilms. Processes (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/pr6110227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are a ubiquitous form of life for microorganisms. Photosynthetic biofilms such as microphytobenthos (MPB) and biological soil crusts (BSC) play a relevant ecological role in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, respectively. On the other hand, photosynthetic epilithic biofilms (PEB) are major players in the microbial-induced decay of stone structures of cultural heritage. The use of fluorescence techniques, namely, pulse-amplitude-modulated fluorometry, was crucial to understanding the photophysiology of these microbial communities, since they made it possible to measure biofilms’ photosynthetic activity without disturbing their delicate spatial organization within sediments or soils. The use of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) added further technical advantages, enabling measurements to be made at a considerable distance from the samples, and under daylight. In this Perspective, we present state-of-the-art LIF techniques, show examples of the application of LIF to MPB and present exploratory results of LIF application to BSC, as well as to PEB colonizing stone structures of cultural heritage. Thereafter, we discuss the perspectives of LIF utilization in environmental research and monitoring, in cultural heritage conservation and assessment, and in biotechnological applications of photosynthetic biofilms.
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Semer J, Štroch M, Špunda V, Navrátil M. Partitioning of absorbed light energy within photosystem II in barley can be affected by chloroplast movement. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 186:98-106. [PMID: 30025290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants have developed many ways to protect reaction centres of photosystems against overexcitation. One of the mechanisms involves reduction of the leaf absorption cross-section by light-induced chloroplast avoidance reaction. Decrease in the probability of photon absorption by the pigments bound within photosystem II (PSII) complexes leads to the increase in quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII). On the other hand, the decrease of PSII excitation probability causes reduction of chlorophyll a fluorescence intensity which is manifested as the apparent increase of determined quantum yield of regulated light-induced non-photochemical quenching (ΦNPQ). Absorption of different light intensity by phototropins led to the different chloroplast distribution within barley leaves, estimated by measurement of the leaf transmittance. Due to a weak blue light used for transmittance measurements, leaves exposed to actinic light with wavelengths longer than 520 nm undergo chloroplast accumulation reaction, in contrast with leaves exposed to light with shorter wavelengths, that showed a different extent of chloroplast avoidance reaction. Based on the ΦNPQ action spectra measured simultaneously with the transmittance, the influence of different chloroplast distribution on ΦNPQ was assessed. The analysis of results showed that decrease in the leaf absorption cross-section due to increasing part of chloroplasts reaching profile position significantly affected the partitioning of excitation energy within PSII and such rearrangement also distorted measured ΦNPQ and cannot be neglected in its interpretation. When the majority of chloroplasts reached profile position, the photoprotective effect appeared to be the most prominent for strong blue light that has the highest absorption in the upper leaf layers in comparison with green or red ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Semer
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 30. dubna 22, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - M Štroch
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 30. dubna 22, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - V Špunda
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 30. dubna 22, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Navrátil
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 30. dubna 22, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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Effects of Heterogeneity within Tree Crowns on Airborne-Quantified SIF and the CWSI as Indicators of Water Stress in the Context of Precision Agriculture. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10040604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cheng J, Lv Y, Yu Y, Li X, Sun Z. Measuring heavy metal stress in ryegrass using helium-cadmium excitation-based photoluminescence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:7059-7066. [PMID: 29275477 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As the chemical analysis of heavy metal uptake and toxicity in plants is time-consuming, expensive, and destructive, a simple and reliable method for detecting heavy metal transfer from the soil to plants is thus necessary. We aimed to measure copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) stress in ryegrass in vivo using plant photoluminescence based on a helium (He)-cadmium excitation source (wavelength 325 nm). The soils were combined with Cu, Pb and Cd, respectively. Fifteen ryegrass seedlings (Lolium multiflorum) were planted in each pot. After 30 days, leaves from seedlings at the fourth-leaf stage were collected and the fluorescence excitation spectra were detected using a He-Cd laser at an excitation wavelength of 325 nm. Three emission peaks that constitute known chlorophyll wavelengths, namely 450, 690, and 735 nm, were detected. These three peaks were strongly influenced by Cu, Pb, and Cd concentrations in the soil. Higher peak heights at 450 nm were observed with increasing Cu, Pb, and Cd concentrations in the soil, whereas no changes were noted at 690 and 735 nm. The P450/P690 and P450/P735 ratios were positively correlated with Cu, Pb, and Cd soil concentrations, ryegrass uptake, and DTPA-extractable Cu, Pb, and Cd in the soil. The related coefficients were all greater than 0.9. However, no correlation between the P690/P735 ratio, Cu, Pb, and Cd ryegrass uptake, and DTPA-extractable Cu, Pb, and Cd in the soil was observed. The measurement of plant photoluminescence in vivo using a He-Cd excitation source (wavelength 325 nm) may be utilized as an approach for monitoring the response of plants to specific stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemin Cheng
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Lv
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Sun
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
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46
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Evaluating the Performance of the SCOPE Model in Simulating Canopy Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Yang J, Du L, Gong W, Shi S, Sun J, Chen B. Potential of vegetation indices combined with laser-induced fluorescence parameters for monitoring leaf nitrogen content in paddy rice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191068. [PMID: 29342190 PMCID: PMC5771623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is important for the growth of crops. Leaf nitrogen content (LNC) serves as a crucial indicator of the growth status of crops and can help determine the dose of N fertilizer. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technology and the reflectance spectra of crops are widely used to detect the biochemical content of leaves. Many vegetation indices (VIs) and fluorescence parameters have been developed to estimate LNC. However, the comparison among VIs and between fluorescence parameters and VIs has been rarely studied in the estimation of LNC. In this study, the performances of several published empirical VIs and fluorescence parameters for the estimation of paddy rice LNC were analyzed using the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. Then, the optimal VIs (TVI, MTVI1, MTVI2, and MSAVI) and fluorescence parameters (F735/F460 and F685/F460), which were suitable for LNC monitoring in this study, were chosen. In addition, the combination of the VIs and fluorescence parameters was proposed as the input variables in the SVM model and used to estimate the LNC. Experimental results exhibited the promising potential of the LIF technology combined with reflectance for the accurate estimation of LNC, which provided guidance for monitoring the LNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Lin Du
- Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Biwu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Haire TC, Bell C, Cutshaw K, Swiger B, Winkelmann K, Palmer AG. Robust Microplate-Based Methods for Culturing and in Vivo Phenotypic Screening of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:235. [PMID: 29623083 PMCID: PMC5874318 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cr), a unicellular alga, is routinely utilized to study photosynthetic biochemistry, ciliary motility, and cellular reproduction. Its minimal culture requirements, unicellular morphology, and ease of transformation have made it a popular model system. Despite its relatively slow doubling time, compared with many bacteria, it is an ideal eukaryotic system for microplate-based studies utilizing either, or both, absorbance as well as fluorescence assays. Such microplate assays are powerful tools for researchers in the areas of toxicology, pharmacology, chemical genetics, biotechnology, and more. However, while microplate-based assays are valuable tools for screening biological systems, these methodologies can significantly alter the conditions in which the organisms are cultured and their subsequent physiology or morphology. Herein we describe a novel method for the microplate culture and in vivo phenotypic analysis of growth, viability, and photosynthetic pigments of C. reinhardtii. We evaluated the utility of our assay by screening silver nanoparticles for their effects on growth and viability. These methods are amenable to a wide assortment of studies and present a significant advancement in the methodologies available for research involving this model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Haire
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, United States
| | - Cody Bell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, United States
| | - Kirstin Cutshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, United States
| | - Brendan Swiger
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, United States
| | - Kurt Winkelmann
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, United States
| | - Andrew G. Palmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrew G. Palmer,
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Khattab H, El Marid Z. Environmental alterations in biofuel generating molecules in Zilla spinosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 72:77-91. [PMID: 27740933 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2016-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Now days, production of fuels and petrochemicals from renewable lignocellulosic biomass is an indispensable issue to meet the growing energy demand. Meanwhile, the changes in the climate and soil topography influence the growth and development as well as canopy level of the lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, Zilla spinosa Turr (Zilla) plants with similar age and size were collected from three main sectors (upstream, midstream, and downstream) of Wadi Hagul during spring (April) and summer (July) seasons. Environmental stresses evoked reduction in the energy trapping pigments concomitant with increments in chlorophyll fluorescence in summer harvested plants particularly at downstream. Furthermore, the biofuels generating compounds including carbohydrate, lignin, and lipid making the plant biomasses are greatly affected by environmental conditions. Greater amount of lignin was estimated in summer harvested Z. spinosa shoots particularly at downstream. Moreover, the total oil content which is a promising source of biodiesel was considerably decreased during summer season particularly at downstream. The physical properties of the lipids major constituent fatty acid methyl esters determine the biofuel properties and contribute in the adaptation of plants against environmental stresses. Hence, the analysis of fatty acid profile showed significant modifications under combined drought and heat stress displayed in the summer season. The maximum increase in saturated fatty acid levels including tridecanoic acid (C13:0), pentadeanoic acid (C15:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), and stearic acid (C18:0) were estimated in spring harvested Z. spinosa aerial portions particularly at midstream. In spite of the reduction in the total oil content, a marked increase in the value of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio and thereby the unsaturation index were achieved during the dry summer period. Henceforth, these seasonal and spatial variations in fatty acids profiles may contribute in the acclimatization of Z. spinosa plants to soil water scarcity associated with heat stress experienced during summer. In addition, the alterations in the fatty acid profiles may match biofuel requirements. In conclusion, the most adequate growing season (spring) will be decisive for achieving high lipid productivity associated with improved biofuel quality in terms of high saturated fatty acids percentage that improves its cetane number. However, the dry summer season enhanced the accumulation of greater amount of lignin that may enhance the biodiesel quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemmat Khattab
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab El Marid
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Al Zawiya University>, Al Zawiya, Lybia
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Xu Y, Yu W, Ma Q, Zhou H, Jiang C. Toxicity of sulfadiazine and copper and their interaction to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:250-256. [PMID: 28427033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the single and combined effect of different concentrations of sulfadiazine (SDZ) (1 and 10mgkg-1) and copper (Cu) (20 and 200mgkg-1) stresses on growth, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzyme activities of wheat seedlings and their accumulation. High SDZ or Cu level significantly inhibited the growth of wheat seedlings, but the emergence rate was only inhibited by high SDZ level. The presence of Cu reduced the accumulation of SDZ, whereas the effect of SDZ on the accumulation of Cu depended on their concentrations. Low Cu level significantly increased the chlorophyll content, while high Cu level or both SDZ concentrations resulted in a significant decrease in the chlorophyll content as compared to the control. Additionally, H2O2 and MDA contents increased with the elevated SDZ or Cu level. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were also stimulated by SDZ or Cu except for the aerial part treated by low Cu level and root treated by high SDZ level. The joint toxicity data showed that the toxicity of SDZ to wheat seedlings was generally alleviated by the presence of Cu, whereas the combined toxicity of SDZ and Cu was larger than equivalent Cu alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Xu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wantai Yu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Qiang Ma
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chunming Jiang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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