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Pratama AM, Sharma M, Naidu S, Bömmel H, Prabhuswamimath SC, Thati M, Wihadmadyatami H, Bachhuka A, Karnati S. Peroxisomes and PPARs: Emerging role as master regulators of cancer metabolism. Mol Metab 2024:102044. [PMID: 39368612 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease characterized by the acquisition of a multitude of unique traits. It has long been understood that cancer cells divert significantly from normal cell metabolism. The most obvious of metabolic changes is that cancer cells strongly rely on glucose conversion by aerobic glycolysis. In addition, they also regularly develop mechanisms to use lipids and fatty acids for their energy needs. Peroxisomes lie central to these adaptive changes of lipid metabolism. Peroxisomes are metabolic organelles that take part in over 50 enzymatic reactions crucial for cellular functioning. Thus, they are essential for an effective and comprehensive use of lipids' energy supplied to cells. Cancer cells display a substantial increase in the biogenesis of peroxisomes and an increased expression of proteins necessary for the enzymatic functions provided by peroxisomes. Moreover, the enzymatic conversion of FAs in peroxisomes is a significant source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) that strongly impact cancer malignancy. Important regulators in peroxisomal FA oxidation and ROS/RNS generation are the transcription factors of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family. This review describes the metabolic changes in tumorigenesis and cancer progression influenced by peroxisomes. We will highlight the ambivalent role that peroxisomes and PPARs play in the different stages of tumor development and summarize our current understanding of how to capitalize on the comprehension of peroxisomal biology for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anggi Muhtar Pratama
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mansi Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, India
| | - Srivatsava Naidu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, India
| | - Heike Bömmel
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Samudyata C Prabhuswamimath
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhusudhan Thati
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hevi Wihadmadyatami
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Akash Bachhuka
- Department of Electronics, Electric, and Automatic Engineering, Rovira I Virgili University (URV), Tarragona, 43003, Spain.
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Würzburg, Germany.
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2
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Li Y, Chen ZP, Xu D, Wang L, Cheng MT, Zhou CZ, Chen Y, Hou WT. Structural insights into human ABCD3-mediated peroxisomal acyl-CoA translocation. Cell Discov 2024; 10:92. [PMID: 39223112 PMCID: PMC11369193 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Human ABC transporters ABCD1-3 are all localized on the peroxisomal membrane and participate in the β-oxidation of fatty acyl-CoAs, but they differ from each other in substrate specificity. The transport of branched-chain fatty acids from cytosol to peroxisome is specifically driven by ABCD3, dysfunction of which causes severe liver diseases such as hepatosplenomegaly. Here we report two cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of ABCD3 bound to phytanoyl-CoA and ATP at resolutions of 2.9 Å and 3.2 Å, respectively. A pair of phytanoyl-CoA molecules were observed in ABCD3, each binding to one transmembrane domain (TMD), which is distinct from our previously reported structure of ABCD1, where each fatty acyl-CoA molecule strongly crosslinks two TMDs. Upon ATP binding, ABCD3 exhibits a conformation that is open towards the peroxisomal matrix, leaving two extra densities corresponding to two CoA molecules deeply embedded in the translocation cavity. Structural analysis combined with substrate-stimulated ATPase activity assays indicated that the present structures might represent two states of ABCD3 in the transport cycle. These findings advance our understanding of fatty acid oxidation and the molecular pathology of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Meng-Ting Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cong-Zhao Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Wen-Tao Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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3
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Xie T, Yao L, Li X. Advance in Iron Metabolism, Oxidative Stress and Cellular Dysfunction in Experimental and Human Kidney Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:659. [PMID: 38929098 PMCID: PMC11200795 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney diseases pose a significant global health issue, frequently resulting in the gradual decline of renal function and eventually leading to end-stage renal failure. Abnormal iron metabolism and oxidative stress-mediated cellular dysfunction facilitates the advancement of kidney diseases. Iron homeostasis is strictly regulated in the body, and disturbance in this regulatory system results in abnormal iron accumulation or deficiency, both of which are associated with the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Iron overload promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the Fenton reaction, resulting in oxidative damage to cellular molecules and impaired cellular function. Increased oxidative stress can also influence iron metabolism through upregulation of iron regulatory proteins and altering the expression and activity of key iron transport and storage proteins. This creates a harmful cycle in which abnormal iron metabolism and oxidative stress perpetuate each other, ultimately contributing to the advancement of kidney diseases. The crosstalk of iron metabolism and oxidative stress involves multiple signaling pathways, such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways. This review delves into the functions and mechanisms of iron metabolism and oxidative stress, along with the intricate relationship between these two factors in the context of kidney diseases. Understanding the underlying mechanisms should help to identify potential therapeutic targets and develop novel and effective therapeutic strategies to combat the burden of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China;
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Yang F, Yang X, Zhu H, Wang X, Liao X, Fu Y, Fu T, Chen X, Sysa A, Lyu J, Zhou H. The essential role of adenine nucleotide translocase 4 on male reproductive function in mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13590. [PMID: 38808891 PMCID: PMC11136480 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenine nucleotide translocator 4 (Ant4), an ATP/ADP transporter expressed in the early phases of spermatogenesis, plays a crucial role in male fertility. While Ant4 loss causes early arrest of meiosis and increased apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in male mice, its other potential functions in male fertility remain unexplored. Here, we utilized Ant4 knockout mice to delineate the effects of Ant4-deficiency on male reproduction. Our observations demonstrated that Ant4-deficiency led to infertility and impaired testicular development, which was further investigated by evaluating testicular oxidative stress, autophagy, and inflammation. Specifically, the loss of Ant4 led to an imbalance of oxidation and antioxidants. Significant ultrastructural alterations were identified in the testicular tissues of Ant4-deficient mice, including swelling of mitochondria, loss of cristae, and accumulation of autophagosomes. Our results also showed that autophagic flux and AKT-AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway were affected in Ant4-deficient mice. Moreover, Ant4 loss increased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. Overall, our findings underscored the importance of Ant4 in regulating oxidative stress, autophagy, and inflammation in testicular tissues. Taken together, these insights provided a nuanced understanding of the significance of Ant4 in testicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yinxu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting Fu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Jianxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaibin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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5
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Xu J, Zhu C, Jin P, Sun W, Yu E. Agomelatine prevented depression in the chronic restraint stress model through enhanced catalase activity and halted oxidative stress. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0289248. [PMID: 38335199 PMCID: PMC10857580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agomelatine (AGO) is an antidepressant with unique pharmacological effects; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we examined agomelatine's effects on catalase activity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. METHODS Chronic restraint stress (CRS) model mice were established over 4 weeks, and AGO 50 mg/kg was administered to different groups alongside a deferasirox (DFX) 10 mg/kg gavage treatment. Behavioral tests were performed to assess the effect of AGO on the remission of depression-like behaviors. Meanwhile, the expression of CAT, the oxidative stress signaling pathway and inflammatory protein markers were assessed using ELISA, qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Four weeks of AGO treatment significantly improved depression-like behavior in mice through the activation of catalase in the hippocampus and serum of the model mice, increased superoxide dismutase expression, reduced malondialdehyde expression, and reduced oxidative stress damage. Deferasirox was found to offset this therapeutic effect partially. In addition, the inflammatory pathway (including nuclear factor-κB and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha) was not significantly altered. CONCLUSIONS AGO can exert antidepressant effects by altering oxidative stress by modulating catalase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Kangning Hospital attached to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Piaopiao Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Yiwu Central Hospital, Jin Hua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangdi Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Enyan Yu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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6
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Kishi S, Nagasu H, Kidokoro K, Kashihara N. Oxidative stress and the role of redox signalling in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:101-119. [PMID: 37857763 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern, underscoring a need to identify pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are derivatives of oxygen molecules that are generated during aerobic metabolism and are involved in a variety of cellular functions that are governed by redox conditions. Low levels of ROS are required for diverse processes, including intracellular signal transduction, metabolism, immune and hypoxic responses, and transcriptional regulation. However, excess ROS can be pathological, and contribute to the development and progression of chronic diseases. Despite evidence linking elevated levels of ROS to CKD development and progression, the use of low-molecular-weight antioxidants to remove ROS has not been successful in preventing or slowing disease progression. More recent advances have enabled evaluation of the molecular interactions between specific ROS and their targets in redox signalling pathways. Such studies may pave the way for the development of sophisticated treatments that allow the selective control of specific ROS-mediated signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Kishi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hajime Nagasu
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kengo Kidokoro
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoki Kashihara
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
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7
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Zhu Y, Wang K, Jia X, Fu C, Yu H, Wang Y. Antioxidant peptides, the guardian of life from oxidative stress. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:275-364. [PMID: 37621230 DOI: 10.1002/med.21986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during oxidative metabolism in aerobic organisms. Under normal conditions, ROS production and elimination are in a relatively balanced state. However, under internal or external environmental stress, such as high glucose levels or UV radiation, ROS production can increase significantly, leading to oxidative stress. Excess ROS production not only damages biomolecules but is also closely associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as skin photoaging, diabetes, and cancer. Antioxidant peptides (AOPs) are naturally occurring or artificially designed peptides that can reduce the levels of ROS and other pro-oxidants, thus showing great potential in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases. In this review, we discussed ROS production and its role in inducing oxidative stress-related diseases in humans. Additionally, we discussed the sources, mechanism of action, and evaluation methods of AOPs and provided directions for future studies on AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Zhu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Jia
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Science and Technology Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caili Fu
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haining Yu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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8
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Chen Z, Cheng Z, Ding C, Cao T, Chen L, Wang H, Li J, Huang X. ROS-Activated TRPM2 Channel: Calcium Homeostasis in Cardiovascular/renal System and Speculation in Cardiorenal Syndrome. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07531-3. [PMID: 38108918 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel is a nonselective calcium channel that is sensitive to oxidative stress (OS), and is widely expressed in multiple organs, such as the heart, kidney, and brain, which is inextricably related to calcium dyshomeostasis and downstream pathological events. Due to the increasing global burden of kidney or cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), safe and efficient drugs specific to novel targets are imperatively needed. Notably, investigation of the possibility to regard the TRPM2 channel as a new therapeutic target in ROS-related CVDs or renal diseases is urgently required because the roles of the TRPM2 channel in heart or kidney diseases have not received enough attention and thus have not been fully elaborated. Therefore, we aimed to review the involvement of the TRPM2 channel in cardiovascular disorders related to kidney or typical renal diseases and attempted to speculate about TRPM2-mediated mechanisms of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) to provide representative perspectives for future research about novel and effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zaihua Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Congcong Ding
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tianyu Cao
- Biological anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First People's Hospital of Jiujiang, Jiujiang, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Junpei Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Ferreira MJ, Rodrigues TA, Pedrosa AG, Silva AR, Vilarinho BG, Francisco T, Azevedo JE. Glutathione and peroxisome redox homeostasis. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102917. [PMID: 37804696 PMCID: PMC10565873 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive research on peroxisome biochemistry, the role of glutathione in peroxisomal redox homeostasis has remained a matter of speculation for many years, and only recently has this issue started to be experimentally addressed. Here, we summarize and compare data from several organisms on the peroxisome-glutathione topic. It is clear from this comparison that the repertoire of glutathione-utilizing enzymes in peroxisomes of different organisms varies widely. In addition, the available data suggest that the kinetic connectivity between the cytosolic and peroxisomal pools of glutathione may also be different in different organisms, with some possessing a peroxisomal membrane that is promptly permeable to glutathione whereas in others this may not be the case. However, regardless of the differences, the picture that emerges from all these data is that glutathione is a crucial component of the antioxidative system that operates inside peroxisomes in all organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tony A Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana G Pedrosa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz G Vilarinho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Francisco
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jorge E Azevedo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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10
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Gonzalez-Jimenez I, Perlin DS, Shor E. Reactive oxidant species induced by antifungal drugs: identity, origins, functions, and connection to stress-induced cell death. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1276406. [PMID: 37900311 PMCID: PMC10602735 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1276406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxidant species (ROS) are unstable, highly reactive molecules that are produced by cells either as byproducts of metabolism or synthesized by specialized enzymes. ROS can be detrimental, e.g., by damaging cellular macromolecules, or beneficial, e.g., by participating in signaling. An increasing body of evidence shows that various fungal species, including both yeasts and molds, increase ROS production upon exposure to the antifungal drugs currently used in the clinic: azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins. However, the implications of these findings are still largely unclear due to gaps in knowledge regarding the chemical nature, molecular origins, and functional consequences of these ROS. Because the detection of ROS in fungal cells has largely relied on fluorescent probes that lack specificity, the chemical nature of the ROS is not known, and it may vary depending on the specific fungus-drug combination. In several instances, the origin of antifungal drug-induced ROS has been identified as the mitochondria, but further experiments are necessary to strengthen this conclusion and to investigate other potential cellular ROS sources, such as the ER, peroxisomes, and ROS-producing enzymes. With respect to the function of the ROS, several studies have shown that they contribute to the drugs' fungicidal activities and may be part of drug-induced programmed cell death (PCD). However, whether these "pro-death" ROS are a primary consequence of the antifungal mechanism of action or a secondary consequence of drug-induced PCD remains unclear. Finally, several recent studies have raised the possibility that ROS induction can serve an adaptive role, promoting antifungal drug tolerance and the evolution of drug resistance. Filling these gaps in knowledge will reveal a new aspect of fungal biology and may identify new ways to potentiate antifungal drug activity or prevent the evolution of antifungal drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gonzalez-Jimenez
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | - David S. Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, United States
- Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Erika Shor
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, United States
- Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States
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11
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Ferreira MJ, Rodrigues TA, Pedrosa AG, Gales L, Salvador A, Francisco T, Azevedo JE. The mammalian peroxisomal membrane is permeable to both GSH and GSSG - Implications for intraperoxisomal redox homeostasis. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102764. [PMID: 37257275 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the large amounts of H2O2 generated in mammalian peroxisomes, cysteine residues of intraperoxisomal proteins are maintained in a reduced state. The biochemistry behind this phenomenon remains unexplored, and simple questions such as "is the peroxisomal membrane permeable to glutathione?" or "is there a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase in the organelle matrix?" still have no answer. We used a cell-free in vitro system to equip rat liver peroxisomes with a glutathione redox sensor. The organelles were then incubated with glutathione solutions of different redox potentials and the oxidation/reduction kinetics of the redox sensor was monitored. The data suggest that the mammalian peroxisomal membrane is promptly permeable to both reduced and oxidized glutathione. No evidence for the presence of a robust thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase in the peroxisomal matrix could be found. Also, prolonged incubation of organelle suspensions with glutaredoxin 1 did not result in the internalization of the enzyme. To explore a potential role of glutathione in intraperoxisomal redox homeostasis we performed kinetic simulations. The results suggest that even in the absence of a glutaredoxin, glutathione is more important in protecting cysteine residues of matrix proteins from oxidation by H2O2 than peroxisomal catalase itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tony A Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana G Pedrosa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Gales
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Armindo Salvador
- Coimbra Chemistry Center-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tânia Francisco
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jorge E Azevedo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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12
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Sandalio LM, Collado-Arenal AM, Romero-Puertas MC. Deciphering peroxisomal reactive species interactome and redox signalling networks. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 197:58-70. [PMID: 36642282 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant peroxisomes are highly dynamic organelles with regard to metabolic pathways, number and morphology and participate in different metabolic processes and cell responses to their environment. Peroxisomes from animal and plant cells house a complex system of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production associated to different metabolic pathways which are under control of an important set of enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidative defenses. Nitric oxide (NO) and its derivate reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are also produced in these organelles. Peroxisomes can regulate ROS and NO/RNS levels to allow their role as signalling molecules. The metabolism of other reactive species such as carbonyl reactive species (CRS) and sulfur reactive species (SRS) in peroxisomes and their relationship with ROS and NO have not been explored in depth. In this review, we define a peroxisomal reactive species interactome (PRSI), including all reactive species ROS, RNS, CRS and SRS, their interaction and effect on target molecules contributing to the dynamic redox/ROS homeostasis and plasticity of peroxisomes, enabling fine-tuned regulation of signalling networks associated with peroxisome-dependent H2O2. Particular attention will be paid to update the information available on H2O2-dependent peroxisomal retrograde signalling and to discuss a specific peroxisomal footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
| | - Aurelio M Collado-Arenal
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
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13
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Oruqaj G, Karnati S, Kotarkonda LK, Boateng E, Bartkuhn M, Zhang W, Ruppert C, Günther A, Bartholin L, Shi W, Baumgart-Vogt E. Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Regulates Peroxisomal Genes/Proteins via Smad Signaling in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Fibroblasts and Transgenic Mouse Models. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:259-274. [PMID: 36521562 PMCID: PMC10013039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic human disease with persistent destruction of lung parenchyma. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling plays a pivotal role in the initiation and pathogenesis of IPF. As shown herein, TGF-β1 signaling down-regulated not only peroxisome biogenesis but also the metabolism of these organelles in human IPF fibroblasts. In vitro cell culture observations in human fibroblasts and human lung tissue indicated that peroxisomal biogenesis and metabolic proteins were significantly down-regulated in the lung of 1-month-old transgenic mice expressing a constitutively active TGF-β type I receptor kinase (ALK5). The peroxisome biogenesis protein peroxisomal membrane protein Pex13p (PEX13p) as well as the peroxisomal lipid metabolic enzyme peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) and antioxidative enzyme catalase were highly up-regulated in TGF-β type II receptor and Smad3 knockout mice. This study reports a novel mechanism of peroxisome biogenesis and metabolic regulation via TGF-β1-Smad signaling: interaction of the Smad3 transcription factor with the PEX13 gene in chromatin immunoprecipitation-on-chip assay as well as in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model applied to TGF-β type II receptor knockout mice. Taken together, data from this study suggest that TGF-β1 participates in regulation of peroxisomal biogenesis and metabolism via Smad-dependent signaling, opening up novel strategies for the development of therapeutic approaches to inhibit progression of pulmonary fibrosis patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gani Oruqaj
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Cell Biology, and Biomedical Informatics and Systems Medicine, Giessen, Germany
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Cell Biology, and Biomedical Informatics and Systems Medicine, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lakshmi Kanth Kotarkonda
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Cell Biology, and Biomedical Informatics and Systems Medicine, Giessen, Germany
| | - Eistine Boateng
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Cell Biology, and Biomedical Informatics and Systems Medicine, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marek Bartkuhn
- Institute for Lung Health, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic II, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic II, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Wei Shi
- Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eveline Baumgart-Vogt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Cell Biology, and Biomedical Informatics and Systems Medicine, Giessen, Germany.
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14
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Gao L, Zhang C, Zheng Y, Wu D, Chen X, Lan H, Zheng X, Wu H, Li S. Glycine regulates lipid peroxidation promoting porcine oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skac425. [PMID: 36573588 PMCID: PMC9904182 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro-cultured oocytes are separated from the follicular micro-environment in vivo and are more vulnerable than in vivo oocytes to changes in the external environment. This vulnerability disrupts the homeostasis of the intracellular environment, affecting oocyte meiotic completion, and subsequent embryonic developmental competence in vitro. Glycine, one of the main components of glutathione (GSH), plays an important role in the protection of porcine oocytes in vitro. However, the protective mechanism of glycine needs to be further clarified. Our results showed that glycine supplementation promoted cumulus cell expansion and oocyte maturation. Detection of oocyte development ability showed that glycine significantly increased the cleavage rate and blastocyst rate during in vitro fertilization (IVF). SMART-seq revealed that this effect was related to glycine-mediated regulation of cell membrane structure and function. Exogenous addition of glycine significantly increased the levels of the anti-oxidant GSH and the expression of anti-oxidant-related genes (glutathione peroxidase 4 [GPX4], catalase [CAT], superoxide dismutase 1 [SOD1], superoxide dismutase 2 [SOD2], and mitochondrial solute carrier family 25, member 39 [SLC25A39]), decreased the lipid peroxidation caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) by enhancing the functions of mitochondria, peroxisomes and lipid droplets (LDs) and the levels of lipid metabolism-related factors (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor coactivator 1 alpha [PGC-1α], peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ [PPARγ], sterol regulatory element binding factor 1 [SREBF1], autocrine motility factor receptor [AMFR], and ATP). These effects further reduced ferroptosis and maintained the normal structure and function of the cell membrane. Our results suggest that glycine plays an important role in oocyte maturation and later development by regulating ROS-induced lipid metabolism, thereby protecting against biomembrane damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lepeng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Deyi Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xinyuan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hainan Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hao Wu
- COFCO Corporation, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Suo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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15
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Kleiboeker B, Lodhi IJ. Peroxisomal regulation of energy homeostasis: Effect on obesity and related metabolic disorders. Mol Metab 2022; 65:101577. [PMID: 35988716 PMCID: PMC9442330 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisomes are single membrane-bound organelles named for their role in hydrogen peroxide production and catabolism. However, their cellular functions extend well beyond reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and include fatty acid oxidation of unique substrates that cannot be catabolized in mitochondria, and synthesis of ether lipids and bile acids. Metabolic functions of peroxisomes involve crosstalk with other organelles, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets and lysosomes. Emerging studies suggest that peroxisomes are important regulators of energy homeostasis and that disruption of peroxisomal functions influences the risk for obesity and the associated metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and hepatic steatosis. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here, we focus on the role of peroxisomes in ether lipid synthesis, β-oxidation and ROS metabolism, given that these functions have been most widely studied and have physiologically relevant implications in systemic metabolism and obesity. Efforts are made to mechanistically link these cellular and systemic processes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Circulating plasmalogens, a form of ether lipids, have been identified as inversely correlated biomarkers of obesity. Ether lipids influence metabolic homeostasis through multiple mechanisms, including regulation of mitochondrial morphology and respiration affecting brown fat-mediated thermogenesis, and through regulation of adipose tissue development. Peroxisomal β-oxidation also affects metabolic homeostasis through generation of signaling molecules, such as acetyl-CoA and ROS that inhibit hydrolysis of stored lipids, contributing to development of hepatic steatosis. Oxidative stress resulting from increased peroxisomal β-oxidation-generated ROS in the context of obesity mediates β-cell lipotoxicity. A better understanding of the roles peroxisomes play in regulating and responding to obesity and its complications will provide new opportunities for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kleiboeker
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Irfan J Lodhi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA.
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16
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Chen CT, Shao Z, Fu Z. Dysfunctional peroxisomal lipid metabolisms and their ocular manifestations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:982564. [PMID: 36187472 PMCID: PMC9524157 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.982564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retina is rich in lipids and dyslipidemia causes retinal dysfunction and eye diseases. In retina, lipids are not only important membrane component in cells and organelles but also fuel substrates for energy production. However, our current knowledge of lipid processing in the retina are very limited. Peroxisomes play a critical role in lipid homeostasis and genetic disorders with peroxisomal dysfunction have different types of ocular complications. In this review, we focus on the role of peroxisomes in lipid metabolism, including degradation and detoxification of very-long-chain fatty acids, branched-chain fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, glyoxylate, and amino acids, as well as biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid, plasmalogen and bile acids. We also discuss the potential contributions of peroxisomal pathways to eye health and summarize the reported cases of ocular symptoms in patients with peroxisomal disorders, corresponding to each disrupted peroxisomal pathway. We also review the cross-talk between peroxisomes and other organelles such as lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuck T Chen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhuo Shao
- Post-Graduate Medical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Genetics Program, North York General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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17
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A New Prognostic Indicator of Immune Microenvironment and Therapeutic Response in Lung Adenocarcinoma Based on Peroxisome-Related Genes. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:6084589. [PMID: 35935579 PMCID: PMC9346542 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6084589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has been the major cause of tumor-associated mortality in recent years and exhibits a poor outcome. New data revealed that peroxisomes have a function in the regulation of the development and progression of several tumors. However, the prognostic values of peroxisome-related genes (PRGs) were rarely reported. Genomic sequence, mutation, and clinical data of 535 LUAD tissues were obtained from TCGA data sets. Within the TCGA cohort, a multigene signature was constructed with the assistance of the LASSO Cox regression model. Three GEO data sets, including GSE3141, GSE31210, and GSE72094, were obtained as validation cohorts. ROC assays, Kaplan-Meier methods, and multivariate assays were applied to examine the prognostic capacities of the novel signature. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to further understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we identified 47 differentially expressed peroxisome-related genes (PRGs), including 25 increased and 22 decreased PRGs. A prognostic model of six PRGs was established. The univariate and multivariate Cox analyses both showed that the p value of risk score was less than 0.05. In LUAD patients, the strong connection between the risk score and overall survival was further verified in three other GEO data sets. TMB and cancer stem cell infiltration were shown to be significantly higher in the high-risk group in comparison to the low-risk group. The TIDE score of the group with the low risk was considerably greater than that of the group with the high risk. Several drugs, targeting PRG-related genes, were available for the treatments of LUAD. Overall, we developed a novel peroxisome-related prognostic signature for LUAD patients. This signature could successfully indicate LUAD patients' chances of survival as well as their immune system's responsiveness to treatments. In addition, it has the potential to serve as immunotherapeutic targets for LUAD patients.
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18
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Colasuonno F, Marioli C, Tartaglia M, Bertini E, Compagnucci C, Moreno S. New Insights into the Neurodegeneration Mechanisms Underlying Riboflavin Transporter Deficiency (RTD): Involvement of Energy Dysmetabolism and Cytoskeletal Derangement. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061329. [PMID: 35740351 PMCID: PMC9219947 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin transporter deficiency (RTD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by motor, sensory and cranial neuropathy. This childhood-onset neurodegenerative disease is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in either SLC52A2 or SLC52A3 genes, resulting in insufficient supply of riboflavin (vitamin B2) and consequent impairment of flavoprotein-dependent metabolic pathways. Current therapy, empirically based high-dose riboflavin supplementation, ameliorates the progression of the disease, even though response to treatment is variable and partial. Recent studies have highlighted concurrent pathogenic contribution of cellular energy dysmetabolism and cytoskeletal derangement. In this context, patient specific RTD models, based on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, have provided evidence of redox imbalance, involving mitochondrial and peroxisomal dysfunction. Such oxidative stress condition likely causes cytoskeletal perturbation, associated with impaired differentiation of RTD motor neurons. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings obtained using different RTD models. Relevantly, the integration of data from innovative iPSC-derived in vitro models and invertebrate in vivo models may provide essential information on RTD pathophysiology. Such novel insights are expected to suggest custom therapeutic strategies, especially for those patients unresponsive to high-dose riboflavin treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Colasuonno
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (M.T.); (E.B.)
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Marioli
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (M.T.); (E.B.)
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (M.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (M.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Claudia Compagnucci
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (M.T.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (S.M.)
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19
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Qu Z, Zhang L, Huang W, Zheng S. Vitamin K2 Enhances Fat Degradation to Improve the Survival of C. elegans. Front Nutr 2022; 9:858481. [PMID: 35495953 PMCID: PMC9051363 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.858481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of vitamin K (VK) on various chronic age-related syndromes have generally been considered dependent on its antioxidant effects. However, due to the distinct bioavailability and biological activities of VKs, exactly which of these activities and by what mechanisms they might act still need to be elucidated. In this study, we found that VK2 can extend the lifespan of C. elegans and improve the resistance to pathogen infection, heat stress and H2O2-induced inner oxidative stress. Importantly, the roles of VK2 on aging and stress resistance were shown to be dependent on enhanced fat metabolism and not due to its antioxidant effects. Moreover, the genes related to fat metabolism that were up-regulated following VK2 treatment play key roles in improving survival. Obesity is a leading risk factor for developing T2DM, and taking VKs has been previously considered to improve the insulin sensitivity associated with obesity and T2DM risk. However, our results showed that VK2 can significantly influence the expression of genes related to fat metabolism, including those that regulate fatty acid elongation, desaturation, and synthesis of fatty acid-CoA. VK2 enhanced the fatty acid β-oxidation activity in peroxisome to degrade and digest fatty acid-CoA. Our study implies that VK2 can enhance fat degradation and digestion to improve survival, supporting the effectiveness of VK2-based medical treatments. VK2 is mainly produced by gut bacteria, suggesting that VK2 might facilitate communication between the gut microbiota and the host intestinal cells to influence fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qu
- Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shanqing Zheng
- Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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20
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Kamoshita M, Kumar R, Anteghini M, Kunze M, Islinger M, Martins dos Santos V, Schrader M. Insights Into the Peroxisomal Protein Inventory of Zebrafish. Front Physiol 2022; 13:822509. [PMID: 35295584 PMCID: PMC8919083 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.822509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are ubiquitous, oxidative subcellular organelles with important functions in cellular lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis. Loss of peroxisomal functions causes severe disorders with developmental and neurological abnormalities. Zebrafish are emerging as an attractive vertebrate model to study peroxisomal disorders as well as cellular lipid metabolism. Here, we combined bioinformatics analyses with molecular cell biology and reveal the first comprehensive inventory of Danio rerio peroxisomal proteins, which we systematically compared with those of human peroxisomes. Through bioinformatics analysis of all PTS1-carrying proteins, we demonstrate that D. rerio lacks two well-known mammalian peroxisomal proteins (BAAT and ZADH2/PTGR3), but possesses a putative peroxisomal malate synthase (Mlsl) and verified differences in the presence of purine degrading enzymes. Furthermore, we revealed novel candidate peroxisomal proteins in D. rerio, whose function and localisation is discussed. Our findings confirm the suitability of zebrafish as a vertebrate model for peroxisome research and open possibilities for the study of novel peroxisomal candidate proteins in zebrafish and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kamoshita
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Rechal Kumar
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Anteghini
- LifeGlimmer GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Markus Kunze
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Islinger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vítor Martins dos Santos
- LifeGlimmer GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Michael Schrader
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Michael Schrader,
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21
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The Key Role of Peroxisomes in Follicular Growth, Oocyte Maturation, Ovulation, and Steroid Biosynthesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7982344. [PMID: 35154572 PMCID: PMC8831076 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7982344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The absence of peroxisomes can cause disease in the human reproductive system, including the ovaries. The available peroxisomal gene-knockout female mouse models, which exhibit pathological changes in the ovary and reduced fertility, are listed in this review. Our review article provides the first systematic presentation of peroxisomal regulation and its possible functions in the ovary. Our immunofluorescence results reveal that peroxisomes are present in all cell types in the ovary; however, peroxisomes exhibit different numerical abundances and strong heterogeneity in their protein composition among distinct ovarian cell types. The peroxisomal compartment is strongly altered during follicular development and during oocyte maturation, which suggests that peroxisomes play protective roles in oocytes against oxidative stress and lipotoxicity during ovulation and in the survival of oocytes before conception. In addition, the peroxisomal compartment is involved in steroid synthesis, and peroxisomal dysfunction leads to disorder in the sexual hormone production process. However, an understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these physiological and pathological processes is lacking. To date, no effective treatment for peroxisome-related disease has been developed, and only supportive methods are available. Thus, further investigation is needed to resolve peroxisome deficiency in the ovary and eventually promote female fertility.
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22
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Zhai X, Ji L, Gao J, Zhou YJ. Characterizing methanol metabolism-related promoters for metabolic engineering of Ogataea polymorpha. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8761-8769. [PMID: 34748038 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Promoters play an important role in regulating gene expression, and construction of microbial cell factories requires multiple promoters for balancing the metabolic pathways. However, there are only a limited number of characterized promoters for gene expression in the methylotrophic yeast Ogataea polymorpha, which hampers the extensive harnessing of this important yeast toward a cell factory. Here we characterized the promoters of methanol utilization pathway, precursor supply pathway, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) defense system, by using a green fluorescence protein variant (GFPUV) as a quantification signal. Finally, the characterized promoters were used for tuning a fatty alcohol biosynthetic pathway in O. polymorpha and realized fatty alcohol production from methanol. This promoter box should be helpful for gene expression and pathway optimization in the methylotrophic yeast O. polymorpha. KEY POINTS : • 22 promoters related to methanol metabolism were characterized in O. polymorpha. • Promoter truncation resulted shorter and compact promoters. • Promoters with various strengths were used for regulating a fatty alcohol biosynthesis from methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Zhai
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Ji
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaoqi Gao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjin J Zhou
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China. .,Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.
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23
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de Ramón-Carbonell M, Sánchez-Torres P. Unveiling the Role Displayed by Penicillium digitatum PdMut3 Transcription Factor in Pathogen-Fruit Interaction. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:828. [PMID: 34682249 PMCID: PMC8540835 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zn2Cys6 transcription factors are unique to fungi and are involved in different regulatory functions. In this study, we have identified the Penicillium digitatumPdMut3 gene, which encodes a putative Zn (II) 2Cys6 DNA-binding protein. Elimination of PdMut3 in Pd1 strain caused increased virulence during citrus infection. The transcription of the PdMut3 gene showed a higher expression rate during fungal growth and less transcription during fruit infection. Furthermore, the deletion of the gene in the wild-type isolate of P. digitatum did not produce any modification of the sensitivity to different fungicides, indicating that the gene is not associated with resistance to fungicides. In contrast, PdMut3 null mutants showed a reduction in growth in minimal media, which was associated with severe alterations in conidiophore development and morphological alterations of the hyphae. Mutants showed greater sensitivity to compounds that interfere with the cell wall and an invasive growth block. Thus, PdMut3 might have an indirect role in fungi virulence through metabolism and peroxisomes development.
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24
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Mahalakshmi K, Parimalanandhini D, Sangeetha R, Livya Catherene M, Beulaja M, Thiagarajan R, Arumugam M, Janarthanan S, Manikandan R. Influential role of 7-Ketocholesterol in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 156:106582. [PMID: 34273491 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people are affected by neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. They occur due to the loss of brain functions or peripheral nervous system dysfunction. If untreated, prolonged condition ultimately leads to death. Mostly they are associated with stress, altered cholesterol metabolism, inflammation and organelle dysfunction. Endogenous cholesterol and phospholipids in brain undergo auto-oxidation by enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic modes leading to the formation of by-products such as 4-hydroxynonenal and oxysterols. Among various oxysterols, 7-ketocholesterol (7KCh) is one of the major toxic components involved in altering neuronal lipid metabolism, contributing to inflammation and nerve cell damage. More evidently 7KCh is proven to induce oxidative stress and affects membrane permeability. Loss in mitochondrial membrane potential affects metabolism of cell organelles such as lysosomes and peroxisomes which are involved in lipid and protein homeostasis. This in turn could affect amyloidogenesis, tau protein phosphorylation and accumulation in pathological conditions of neurodegenerative diseases. Lipid alterations and the consequent pathogenic protein accumulation, results in the damage of cell organelles and microglial cells. This could be a reason behind disease progression and predominantly reported characteristics of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. This review focuses on the role of 7KCh mediated neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease with emphasis on alterations in the lipid raft microdomain. In addition, current trends in the significant therapies related to 7KCh inhibition are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mahalakshmi
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - D Parimalanandhini
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - R Sangeetha
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - M Livya Catherene
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - M Beulaja
- Department of Biochemistry, Annai Veilankanni's College for Women, Chennai, 600 015, India
| | - R Thiagarajan
- Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission, Vivekananda College, Chennai, 600 004, India
| | - M Arumugam
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - S Janarthanan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - R Manikandan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India.
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25
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Fibrosis, the Bad Actor in Cardiorenal Syndromes: Mechanisms Involved. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071824. [PMID: 34359993 PMCID: PMC8307805 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome is a term that defines the complex bidirectional nature of the interaction between cardiac and renal disease. It is well established that patients with kidney disease have higher incidence of cardiovascular comorbidities and that renal dysfunction is a significant threat to the prognosis of patients with cardiac disease. Fibrosis is a common characteristic of organ injury progression that has been proposed not only as a marker but also as an important driver of the pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndromes. Due to the relevance of fibrosis, its study might give insight into the mechanisms and targets that could potentially be modulated to prevent fibrosis development. The aim of this review was to summarize some of the pathophysiological pathways involved in the fibrotic damage seen in cardiorenal syndromes, such as inflammation, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which are known to be triggers and mediators of fibrosis.
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26
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Wu PC, Chen YK, Yago JI, Chung KR. Peroxisomes Implicated in the Biosynthesis of Siderophores and Biotin, Cell Wall Integrity, Autophagy, and Response to Hydrogen Peroxide in the Citrus Pathogenic Fungus Alternaria alternata. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:645792. [PMID: 34262533 PMCID: PMC8273606 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.645792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the roles of peroxisomes in the necrotrophic fungal plant pathogens. In the present study, a Pex6 gene encoding an ATPase-associated protein was characterized by analysis of functional mutations in the tangerine pathotype of Alternaria alternata, which produces a host-selective toxin. Peroxisomes were observed in fungal cells by expressing a mCherry fluorescent protein tagging with conserved tripeptides serine-lysing-leucine and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that Pex6 plays no roles in peroxisomal biogenesis but impacts protein import into peroxisomes. The number of peroxisomes was affected by nutritional conditions and H2O2, and their degradation was mediated by an autophagy-related machinery termed pexophagy. Pex6 was shown to be required for the formation of Woronin bodies, the biosynthesis of biotin, siderophores, and toxin, the uptake and accumulation of H2O2, growth, and virulence, as well as the Slt2 MAP kinase-mediated maintenance of cell wall integrity. Adding biotin, oleate, and iron in combination fully restored the growth of the pex6-deficient mutant (Δpex6), but failed to restore Δpex6 virulence to citrus. Adding purified toxin could only partially restore Δpex6 virulence even in the presence of biotin, oleate, and iron. Sensitivity assays revealed that Pex6 plays no roles in resistance to H2O2 and superoxide, but plays a negative role in resistance to 2-chloro-5-hydroxypyridine (a hydroxyl radical-generating compound), eosin Y and rose Bengal (singlet oxygen-generating compounds), and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (an auxin transport inhibitor). The diverse functions of Pex6 underscore the importance of peroxisomes in physiology, pathogenesis, and development in A. alternata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ching Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kun Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jonar I. Yago
- Plant Science Department, College of Agriculture, Nueva Vizcaya State University, Bayombong, Philippines
| | - Kuang-Ren Chung
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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27
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Paiva P, Medina FE, Viegas M, Ferreira P, Neves RPP, Sousa JPM, Ramos MJ, Fernandes PA. Animal Fatty Acid Synthase: A Chemical Nanofactory. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9502-9553. [PMID: 34156235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are crucial molecules for most living beings, very well spread and conserved across species. These molecules play a role in energy storage, cell membrane architecture, and cell signaling, the latter through their derivative metabolites. De novo synthesis of fatty acids is a complex chemical process that can be achieved either by a metabolic pathway built by a sequence of individual enzymes, such as in most bacteria, or by a single, large multi-enzyme, which incorporates all the chemical capabilities of the metabolic pathway, such as in animals and fungi, and in some bacteria. Here we focus on the multi-enzymes, specifically in the animal fatty acid synthase (FAS). We start by providing a historical overview of this vast field of research. We follow by describing the extraordinary architecture of animal FAS, a homodimeric multi-enzyme with seven different active sites per dimer, including a carrier protein that carries the intermediates from one active site to the next. We then delve into this multi-enzyme's detailed chemistry and critically discuss the current knowledge on the chemical mechanism of each of the steps necessary to synthesize a single fatty acid molecule with atomic detail. In line with this, we discuss the potential and achieved FAS applications in biotechnology, as biosynthetic machines, and compare them with their homologous polyketide synthases, which are also finding wide applications in the same field. Finally, we discuss some open questions on the architecture of FAS, such as their peculiar substrate-shuttling arm, and describe possible reasons for the emergence of large megasynthases during evolution, questions that have fascinated biochemists from long ago but are still far from answered and understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Paiva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fabiola E Medina
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Autopista Concepción-Talcahuano, 7100 Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Matilde Viegas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Ferreira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui P P Neves
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - João P M Sousa
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Ramos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro A Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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28
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Sandalio LM, Peláez-Vico MA, Molina-Moya E, Romero-Puertas MC. Peroxisomes as redox-signaling nodes in intracellular communication and stress responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:22-35. [PMID: 33587125 PMCID: PMC8154099 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are redox nodes playing a diverse range of roles in cell functionality and in the perception of and responses to changes in their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Author for communication:
| | - Maria Angeles Peláez-Vico
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Eliana Molina-Moya
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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29
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Son J, Kim HH, Lee JH, Jeong WI, Park JK. Assembly and Disassembly of the Micropatterned Collagen Sheets Containing Cells for Location-Based Cellular Function Analysis. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-021-00007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Kwon Y. Possible Beneficial Effects of N-Acetylcysteine for Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:169. [PMID: 33498875 PMCID: PMC7911701 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a widely used antioxidant with therapeutic potential. However, the cancer-promoting effect of NAC observed in some preclinical studies has raised concerns regarding its clinical use. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can mediate signaling that results in both cancer-promoting and cancer-suppressing effects. The beneficial effect of NAC may depend on whether the type of cancer relies on ROS signaling for its survival and metastasis. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has aggressive phenotypes and is currently treated with standard chemotherapy as the main systemic treatment option. Particularly, basal-like TNBC cells characterized by inactivated BRCA1 and mutated TP53 produce high ROS levels and rely on ROS signaling for their survival and malignant progression. In addition, the high ROS levels in TNBC cells can mediate the interplay between cancer cells and the tissue microenvironment (TME) to trigger the recruitment and conversion of stromal cells and induce hypoxic responses, thus leading to the creation of cancer-supportive TMEs and increased cancer aggressiveness. However, NAC treatment effectively reduces the ROS production and ROS-mediated signaling that contribute to cell survival, metastasis, and drug resistance in TNBC cells. Therefore, the inclusion of NAC in standard chemotherapy could probably provide additional benefits for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjoo Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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31
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The redox language in neurodegenerative diseases: oxidative post-translational modifications by hydrogen peroxide. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:58. [PMID: 33431811 PMCID: PMC7801447 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, a subset of age-driven diseases, have been known to exhibit increased oxidative stress. The resultant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) has long been viewed as a detrimental byproduct of many cellular processes. Despite this, therapeutic approaches using antioxidants were deemed unsuccessful in circumventing neurodegenerative diseases. In recent times, it is widely accepted that these toxic by-products could act as secondary messengers, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), to drive important signaling pathways. Notably, mitochondria are considered one of the major producers of ROS, especially in the production of mitochondrial H2O2. As a secondary messenger, cellular H2O2 can initiate redox signaling through oxidative post-translational modifications (oxPTMs) on the thiol group of the amino acid cysteine. With the current consensus that cellular ROS could drive important biological signaling pathways through redox signaling, researchers have started to investigate the role of cellular ROS in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to various neurodegenerative diseases, and recent studies have started to focus on the implications of mitochondrial ROS from dysfunctional mitochondria on the dysregulation of redox signaling. Henceforth, in this review, we will focus our attention on the redox signaling of mitochondrial ROS, particularly on mitochondrial H2O2, and its potential implications with neurodegenerative diseases.
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32
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Ding Q, Tian Y, Wang X, Li P, Su D, Wu C, Zhang W, Tang B. Oxidative Damage of Tryptophan Hydroxylase-2 Mediated by Peroxisomal Superoxide Anion Radical in Brains of Mouse with Depression. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20735-20743. [PMID: 33237755 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Depression is intimately linked with oxidative stress in the brains. Peroxisome plays vital roles in the regulation of intracellular redox balance by keeping reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Available evidence indicates a possible relationship between peroxisomal ROS and depression. Even so, the underlying modulation mechanisms of peroxisomal ROS in depression are still rudimentary due to the limitations of the existing detecting methods. Hence, we developed a two-photon fluorescent probe TCP for the real-time visualization of the first produced ROS superoxide anion radical (O2•-) in peroxisome. Using the two-photon fluorescence imaging, we found that peroxisomal O2•- rose during oxidative stress in the mouse brains, resulting in the inactivation of catalase (CAT). Subsequently, the intracellular H2O2 level elevated, which further oxidized tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2). Then the decrease contents of TPH2 caused the dysfunction of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) system in the mouse brains, eventually leading to depression-like behaviors. Our work provides evidence of a peroxisomal O2•- mediated signaling pathway in depression, which will conduce to pinpoint potential targets for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ding
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Tian
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanchen Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
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33
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Melatonin-Nrf2 Signaling Activates Peroxisomal Activities in Porcine Cumulus Cell-Oocyte Complexes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111080. [PMID: 33153240 PMCID: PMC7692444 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin and Nrf2 signaling synergistically improve mammalian oocyte maturation and embryonic development. Furthermore, previous studies have suggested an interplay between peroxisomes and Nrf2 signaling in cells, but it is still unclear whether peroxisomes are involved in oocyte maturation. The aim of the present study was to identify the possible roles of peroxisomes in the melatonin-Nrf2 signaling pathway during in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes. Porcine oocytes were treated with melatonin (10-9 M) and brusatol, a Nrf2 specific inhibitor, in order to investigate the mechanism. Then, the rates of maturation and related gene and protein expression were analyzed. During oocyte maturation, melatonin upregulated the expression of gene and protein related to Nrf2 signaling and peroxisomal activities; RNA sequencing partially validated these results. Our results demonstrate that melatonin can activate Nrf2 signaling by binding to melatonin receptor 2, resulting in the upregulation of catalase. Moreover, peroxisomes were also found to be activated in response to melatonin treatment, causing the activation of catalase; together with Nrf2 signaling, peroxisomes synergistically prevented the generation of reactive oxygen species and enhanced oocyte quality. Thus, we suggest that a crosstalk might exist between Nrf2 signaling and peroxisomal activities in porcine oocytes.
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34
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Wu PC, Chen CW, Choo CYL, Chen YK, Yago JI, Chung KR. Proper Functions of Peroxisomes Are Vital for Pathogenesis of Citrus Brown Spot Disease Caused by Alternaria alternata. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040248. [PMID: 33114679 PMCID: PMC7712655 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the production of a host-selective toxin, the tangerine pathotype of Alternaria alternata must conquer toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in order to colonize host plants. The roles of a peroxin 6-coding gene (pex6) implicated in protein import into peroxisomes was functionally characterized to gain a better understanding of molecular mechanisms in ROS resistance and fungal pathogenicity. The peroxisome is a vital organelle involved in metabolisms of fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide in eukaryotes. Targeted deletion of pex6 had no impacts on the biogenesis of peroxisomes and cellular resistance to ROS. The pex6 deficient mutant (Δpex6) reduced toxin production by 40% compared to wild type and barely induce necrotic lesions on citrus leaves. Co-inoculation of purified toxin with Δpex6 conidia on citrus leaves, however, failed to fully restore lesion formation, indicating that toxin only partially contributed to the loss of Δpex6 pathogenicity. Δpex6 conidia germinated poorly and formed fewer appressorium-like structures (nonmelanized enlargement of hyphal tips) than wild type. Δpex6 hyphae grew slowly and failed to penetrate beyond the epidermal layers. Moreover, Δpex6 had thinner cell walls and lower viability. All of these defects resulting from deletion of pex6 could also account for the loss of Δpex6 pathogenicity. Overall, our results have demonstrated that proper peroxisome functions are of vital importance to pathogenesis of the tangerine pathotype of A. alternata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ching Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (C.Y.L.C.); (Y.-K.C.)
- Correspondence: (P.-C.W.); (K.-R.C.); Tel.: +886-4-22840780 (ext. 316) (P.-C.W.); +886-4-22840780 (ext. 301) (K.-R.C.)
| | - Chia-Wen Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (C.Y.L.C.); (Y.-K.C.)
| | - Celine Yen Ling Choo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (C.Y.L.C.); (Y.-K.C.)
| | - Yu-Kun Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (C.Y.L.C.); (Y.-K.C.)
| | - Jonar I. Yago
- Plant Science Department, College of Agriculture, Nueva Vizcaya State University, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya 3700, Philippines;
| | - Kuang-Ren Chung
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (C.Y.L.C.); (Y.-K.C.)
- Correspondence: (P.-C.W.); (K.-R.C.); Tel.: +886-4-22840780 (ext. 316) (P.-C.W.); +886-4-22840780 (ext. 301) (K.-R.C.)
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Western Diet Causes Obesity-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development by Differentially Compromising the Autophagic Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100995. [PMID: 33076261 PMCID: PMC7602470 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the development of steatosis, which can ultimately compromise liver function. Mitochondria are key players in obesity-induced metabolic disorders; however, the distinct role of hypercaloric diet constituents in hepatic cellular oxidative stress and metabolism is unknown. Male mice were fed either a high-fat (HF) diet, a high-sucrose (HS) diet or a combined HF plus HS (HFHS) diet for 16 weeks. This study shows that hypercaloric diets caused steatosis; however, the HFHS diet induced severe fibrotic phenotype. At the mitochondrial level, lipidomic analysis showed an increased cardiolipin content for all tested diets. Despite this, no alterations were found in the coupling efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation and neither in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Consistent with unchanged mitochondrial function, no alterations in mitochondrial-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant capacity were found. In contrast, the HF and HS diets caused lipid peroxidation and provoked altered antioxidant enzyme levels/activities in liver tissue. Our work provides evidence that hepatic oxidative damage may be caused by augmented levels of peroxisomes and consequently higher peroxisomal FAO-induced ROS in the early NAFLD stage. Hepatic damage is also associated with autophagic flux impairment, which was demonstrated to be diet-type dependent. The HS diet induced a reduction in autophagosomal formation, while the HF diet reduced levels of cathepsins. The accumulation of damaged organelles could instigate hepatocyte injuries and NAFLD progression.
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Lu L, Shu C, Chen L, Yang Y, Ma S, Zhu K, Shi B. Insecticidal activity and mechanism of cinnamaldehyde in C. elegans. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Uzor NE, Scheihing DM, Kim GS, Moruno-Manchon JF, Zhu L, Reynolds CR, Stephenson JM, Holmes A, McCullough LD, Tsvetkov AS. Aging lowers PEX5 levels in cortical neurons in male and female mouse brains. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 107:103536. [PMID: 32777345 PMCID: PMC7484460 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes exist in nearly every cell, oxidizing fats, synthesizing lipids and maintaining redox balance. As the brain ages, multiple pathways are negatively affected, but it is currently unknown if peroxisomal proteins are affected by aging in the brain. While recent studies have investigated a PEX5 homolog in aging C. elegans models and found that it is reduced in aging, it is unclear if PEX5, a mammalian peroxisomal protein that plays a role in peroxisomal homeostasis and degradation, is affected in the aging brain. To answer this question, we first determined the amount of PEX5, in brain homogenates from young (3 months) and aged (26 through 32+ months of age) wild-type mice of both sexes. PEX5 protein was decreased in aged male brains, but this reduction was not significant in female brains. RNAScope and real-time qPCR analyses showed that Pex5 mRNA was also reduced in aged male brain cortices, but not in females. Immunohistochemistry assays of cortical neurons in young and aged male brains showed that the amount of neuronal PEX5 was reduced in aged male brains. Cortical neurons in aged female mice also had reduced PEX5 levels in comparison to younger female mice. In conclusion, total PEX5 levels and Pex5 gene expression both decrease with age in male brains, and neuronal PEX5 levels lower in an age-dependent manner in the cortices of animals of both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndidi-Ese Uzor
- University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neurology, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Diego Morales Scheihing
- Department of Neurology, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Gab Seok Kim
- Department of Neurology, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Jose Felix Moruno-Manchon
- Department of Neurology, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Liang Zhu
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Research Design, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Caroline R Reynolds
- Department of Neurology, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Jessica M Stephenson
- Department of Neurology, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Aleah Holmes
- Department of Neurology, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Louise D McCullough
- University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neurology, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston 77030, TX, USA; UTHealth Consortium on Aging, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Andrey S Tsvetkov
- University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neurology, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston 77030, TX, USA; UTHealth Consortium on Aging, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston 77030, TX, USA.
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Wu PC, Chen CW, Choo CYL, Chen YK, Yago JI, Chung KR. Biotin biosynthesis affected by the NADPH oxidase and lipid metabolism is required for growth, sporulation and infectivity in the citrus fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata. Microbiol Res 2020; 241:126566. [PMID: 33032167 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tangerine pathotype of Alternaria alternata affects many citrus cultivars, resulting in yield losses. The capability to produce the host-selective toxin and cell-wall-degrading enzymes and to mitigate toxic reactive oxygen species is crucial for A. alternata pathogenesis to citrus. Little is known about nutrient availability within citrus tissues to the fungal pathogen. In the present study, we assess the infectivity of a biotin deficiency mutant (ΔbioB) and a complementation strain (CP36) on citrus leaves to determine how biotin impacts A. alternata pathogenesis. Growth and sporulation of ΔbioB are highly dependent on biotin. ΔbioB retains its ability to acquire and transport biotin from the surrounding environment. Growth deficiency of ΔbioB can also be partially restored by the presence of oleic acid or Tween 20, suggesting the requirement of biotin in lipid metabolism. Experimental evidence indicates that de novo biotin biosynthesis is regulated by the NADPH oxidase, implicating in the production of H2O2, and is affected by the function of peroxisomes. Three genes involved in the biosynthesis of biotin are clustered and co-regulated by biotin indicating a transcriptional feedback loop activation. Infectivity assays using fungal mycelium reveal that ΔbioB cultured on medium without biotin fails to infect citrus leaves; co-inoculation with biotin fully restores infectivity. The CP36 strain re-expressing a functional copy of bioB displays wild-type growth, sporulation and virulence. Taken together, we conclude that the attainability or accessibility of biotin is extremely restricted in citrus cells. A. alternata must be able to synthesize biotin in order to utilize nutrients for growth, colonization and development within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ching Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Celine Yen Ling Choo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kun Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jonar I Yago
- Plant Science Department, College of Agriculture, Nueva Vizcaya State University, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya, 3700, Philippines
| | - Kuang-Ren Chung
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Peroxisomes are metabolic organelles involved in lipid metabolism and cellular redox balance. Peroxisomal function is central to fatty acid oxidation, ether phospholipid synthesis, bile acid synthesis, and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Human disorders caused by genetic mutations in peroxisome genes have led to extensive studies on peroxisome biology. Peroxisomal defects are linked to metabolic dysregulation in diverse human diseases, such as neurodegeneration and age-related disorders, revealing the significance of peroxisome metabolism in human health. Cancer is a disease with metabolic aberrations. Despite the critical role of peroxisomes in cell metabolism, the functional effects of peroxisomes in cancer are not as well recognized as those of other metabolic organelles, such as mitochondria. In addition, the significance of peroxisomes in cancer is less appreciated than it is in degenerative diseases. In this review, I summarize the metabolic pathways in peroxisomes and the dysregulation of peroxisome metabolism in cancer. In addition, I discuss the potential of inactivating peroxisomes to target cancer metabolism, which may pave the way for more effective cancer treatment.
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Kim EH, Kim GA, Taweechaipaisankul A, Ridlo MR, Lee SH, Ra K, Ahn C, Lee BC. Phytanic acid-derived peroxisomal lipid metabolism in porcine oocytes. Theriogenology 2020; 157:276-285. [PMID: 32823023 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays an important role in oocyte maturation. The peroxisome is the fundamental mediator for this mechanism. In this study, we investigated the peroxisomal lipid metabolism in porcine oocytes. Phytanic acid (PA) was chosen as an activator of alpha-oxidation in peroxisomes. Oocyte maturation, embryo development, immunocytochemistry of peroxisomal lipid activities, and staining of mitochondrial potentials were assessed. We found that 40 μM PA not only increased porcine oocyte maturation and embryonic development, but also upregulated the expression of genes and proteins related to activities of the peroxisomal lipid metabolism (PHYH, PEX19, and PEX subfamilies) and mitochondrial potentials (NRF1 and PGC1α). Moreover, PA upregulated the lipid droplet and fatty acid content in the oocytes. Moreover, mitochondria were activated and the mitochondrial membrane potential was increased after PA treatment, resulting in the production of more ATPs in the oocytes. Our findings suggest that the degradation of PA via alpha-oxidation in the peroxisome may potentiate oocyte maturation processes, peroxisomal lipid oxidation, and mitochondria activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Hyun Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon A Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Anukul Taweechaipaisankul
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Rosyid Ridlo
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioresource Technology and Veterinary, Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Seok Hee Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihae Ra
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Division of Nephrology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Pravda J. Hydrogen peroxide and disease: towards a unified system of pathogenesis and therapeutics. Mol Med 2020; 26:41. [PMID: 32380940 PMCID: PMC7204068 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the immune response has a prominent role in the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis, sepsis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, a primary immune causation has not been established to explain the pathogenesis of these diseases. However, studies have reported significantly elevated levels of colonic epithelial hydrogen peroxide (a known colitic agent) in ulcerative colitis prior to the appearance of colitis. And patients with sepsis are reported to have toxic levels of blood hydrogen peroxide, whose pathologic effects mirror the laboratory and clinical abnormalities observed in sepsis. More recently, evidence supports a causal role for cellular hydrogen peroxide (a potent apoptotic agent) in the enhanced apoptosis believed to be the driving force behind auto-antigenic exposure and chronic immune activation in systemic lupus erythematosus. The different biological properties of hydrogen peroxide exert distinct pathologic effects depending on the site of accumulation within the body resulting in a unique disease patho-phenotype. On a cellular level, the build-up of hydrogen peroxide triggers apoptosis resulting in systemic lupus erythematosus, on a tissue level (colonic epithelium) excess hydrogen peroxide leads to inflammation and ulcerative colitis, and on a systemic level the pathologic effects of toxic concentrations of blood hydrogen peroxide result in bioenergetic failure and microangiopathic dysfunction leading to multiple organ failure and circulatory shock, characteristic of advanced sepsis. The aim of this paper is to provide a unified evidence-based common causal role for hydrogen peroxide in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis, sepsis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Based on this new theory of pathogenesis, a novel evidence-based treatment of sepsis is also discussed.
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Wali G, Liyanage E, Blair NF, Sutharsan R, Park JS, Mackay-Sim A, Sue CM. Oxidative Stress-Induced Axon Fragmentation Is a Consequence of Reduced Axonal Transport in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia SPAST Patient Neurons. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:401. [PMID: 32457567 PMCID: PMC7221066 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of inherited disorders characterized by progressive spasticity and paralysis of the lower limbs. Autosomal dominant mutations in SPAST gene account for ∼40% of adult-onset patients. We have previously shown that SPAST patient cells have reduced organelle transport and are therefore more sensitive to oxidative stress. To test whether these effects are present in neuronal cells, we first generated 11 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell lines from fibroblasts of three healthy controls and three HSP patients with different SPAST mutations. These cells were differentiated into FOXG1-positive forebrain neurons and then evaluated for multiple aspects of axonal transport and fragmentation. Patient neurons exhibited reduced levels of SPAST encoded spastin, as well as a range of axonal deficits, including reduced levels of stabilized microtubules, lower peroxisome transport speed as a consequence of reduced microtubule-dependent transport, reduced number of peroxisomes, and higher density of axon swellings. Patient axons fragmented significantly more than controls following hydrogen peroxide exposure, suggesting for the first time that the SPAST patient axons are more sensitive than controls to the deleterious effects of oxidative stress. Treatment of patient neurons with tubulin-binding drugs epothilone D and noscapine rescued axon peroxisome transport and protected them against axon fragmentation induced by oxidative stress, showing that SPAST patient axons are vulnerable to oxidative stress-induced degeneration as a consequence of reduced axonal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Wali
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erandhi Liyanage
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas F Blair
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ratneswary Sutharsan
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alan Mackay-Sim
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Carolyn M Sue
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Warraich UEA, Hussain F, Kayani HUR. Aging - Oxidative stress, antioxidants and computational modeling. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04107. [PMID: 32509998 PMCID: PMC7264715 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a degenerative, biological, time-dependent, universally conserved process thus designed as one of the highest known risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Every individual has its own aging mechanisms as both environmental conditions (75%) and genetics (25%) account for aging. Several theories have been proposed until now but not even a single theory solves this mystery. There are still some queries un-answered to the scientific community regarding mechanisms behind aging. However, oxidative stress theory (OST) is considered one of the famous theories that sees mitochondria as one of the leading organelles which largely contribute to the aging process. Many reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced endogenously and exogenously that are associated with aging. But the mitochondrial ROS contribute largely to the aging process as mitochondrial dysfunction due to oxidative stress is considered one of the contributors toward aging. Although ROS is known to damage cell machinery, new evidence suggests their role in signal transduction to regulate biological and physiological processes. Moreover, besides mitochondria, other important cell organelles such as peroxisome and endoplasmic reticulum also produce ROS that contribute to aging. However, nature has provided humans with free radical scavengers called antioxidants that protect from harmful effects of ROS. Future predictions regarding aging, biochemical mechanisms involved, biomarkers internal and external factors can be easily done with machine learning algorithms and other computational models. This review explains important aspects of aging, the contribution of ROS producing organelles in aging, importance of antioxidants fighting against ROS, different computational models developed to understand the complexities of the aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umm-e-Ammara Warraich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatma Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Dash S, Aydin Y, Wu T. Integrated stress response in hepatitis C promotes Nrf2-related chaperone-mediated autophagy: A novel mechanism for host-microbe survival and HCC development in liver cirrhosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 101:20-35. [PMID: 31386899 PMCID: PMC7007355 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism(s) how liver damage during the chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection evolve into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. HCV infects hepatocyte, the major cell types in the liver. During infection, large amounts of viral proteins and RNA replication intermediates accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the infected hepatocyte, which creates a substantial amount of stress response. Infected hepatocyte activates a different type of stress adaptive mechanisms such as unfolded protein response (UPR), antioxidant response (AR), and the integrated stress response (ISR) to promote virus-host cell survival. The hepatic stress is also amplified by another layer of innate and inflammatory response associated with cellular sensing of virus infection through the production of interferon (IFN) and inflammatory cytokines. The interplay between various types of cellular stress signal leads to different forms of cell death such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy depending on the intensity of the stress and nature of the adaptive cellular response. How do the adaptive cellular responses decode such death programs that promote host-microbe survival leading to the establishment of chronic liver disease? In this review, we discuss how the adaptive cellular response through the Nrf2 pathway that promotes virus and cell survival. Furthermore, we provide a glimpse of novel stress-induced Nrf2 mediated compensatory autophagy mechanisms in virus-cell survival that degrade tumor suppressor gene and activation of oncogenic signaling during HCV infection. Based on these facts, we hypothesize that the balance between hepatic stress, inflammation and different types of cell death determines liver disease progression outcomes. We propose that a more nuanced understanding of virus-host interactions under excessive cellular stress may provide an answer to the fundamental questions why some individuals with chronic HCV infection remain at risk of developing cirrhosis, cancer and some do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Dash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Yucel Aydin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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Nitta Y, Muraoka-Hirayama S, Sakurai K. Catalase is required for peroxisome maintenance during adipogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158726. [PMID: 32335291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although obesity contributes to the onset and pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, it has been repeatedly demonstrated that being overweight or mildly obese carries a survival advantage compared with being thin or normal-weight. This relationship is called the obesity paradox. Hence, it is necessary to clarify the underlying mechanism of obesity onset for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Catalase is distributed in peroxisomes under normal redox conditions and catalase activity is increased during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to adipocytes. Although peroxisomes are responsible for lipid metabolism, the role of peroxisomal catalase in the process of lipid accumulation remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the relationships among catalase activity, peroxisome content, and lipid accumulation during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to adipocytes. Increased catalase activity and lipid accumulation were observed during the differentiation of preadipocytes. Silencing of catalase by small interfering RNA or treatment with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT), a catalase inhibitor, resulted in reduced lipid accumulation. Inhibition of catalase activity in peroxisomes increases hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, which results in a reduction of peroxisome content. Extracellular H2O2 had no influence on lipid accumulation during differentiation. The occurrence of autophagy was clearly enhanced in cells treated with 3-AT. Spautin-1, an inhibitor of autophagy flux, protected against a reduction in lipid accumulation by treatment with 3-AT. Our data provide evidence that catalase protects against the degradation of peroxisomes via the occurrence of autophagy triggered by the generation of H2O2 in peroxisomes. These results suggest that catalase in peroxisomes is crucial to adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Nitta
- Division of Life Science, Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University of Science, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
| | - Sanae Muraoka-Hirayama
- Division of Life Science, Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University of Science, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
| | - Koichi Sakurai
- Division of Life Science, Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University of Science, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan.
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Zhang X, Yang H, Zhang J, Gao F, Dai L. HSD17B4, ACAA1, and PXMP4 in Peroxisome Pathway Are Down-Regulated and Have Clinical Significance in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:273. [PMID: 32265992 PMCID: PMC7103649 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the potential functions and clinical significances of peroxisomes during lung cancer development and progression, we investigated the expressional profiles of peroxisome pathway genes and their correlations with clinical features in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The RNA-seq data of NSCLC including lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients with their clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Gene expression comparisons between tumor and normal samples were performed with edgeR package in R software and the results of the 83 peroxisome pathway genes were extracted. Through Venn diagram analysis, 38 common differentially expressed peroxisome pathway genes (C-DEPGs) in NSCLC were identified. Principal components analysis (PCA) was performed and the 38 C-DEPGs could discriminate NSCLC tumors from the non-tumor controls well. Through Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses, 11 of the C-DEPGs were shown to have prognostic effects on NSCLC overall survival (OS) and were considered as key C-DEPGs (K-DEPGs). Through Oncomine, Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), three K-DEPGs (HSD17B4, ACAA1, and PXMP4) were confirmed to be down-regulated in NSCLC at both mRNA and protein level. Their dy-regulation mechanisms were revealed through their correlations with their copy number variations and methylation status. Their potential functions in NSCLC were explored through their NSCLC-specific co-expression network analysis, their correlations with immune infiltrations, immunomodulator gene expressions, MKI67 expression and their associations with anti-cancer drug sensitivity. Our findings suggested that HSD17B4, ACAA1, and PXMP4 might be new markers for NSCLC diagnosis and prognosis and might provide new clues for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer Research, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer Research, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinzhong Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Research, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fenglan Gao
- Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Dai
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Spatiotemporal contact between peroxisomes and lipid droplets regulates fasting-induced lipolysis via PEX5. Nat Commun 2020; 11:578. [PMID: 31996685 PMCID: PMC6989686 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are key subcellular organelles for regulating lipid metabolism. Although several subcellular organelles participate in lipid metabolism, it remains elusive whether physical contacts between subcellular organelles and LDs might be involved in lipolysis upon nutritional deprivation. Here, we demonstrate that peroxisomes and peroxisomal protein PEX5 mediate fasting-induced lipolysis by stimulating adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) translocation onto LDs. During fasting, physical contacts between peroxisomes and LDs are increased by KIFC3-dependent movement of peroxisomes toward LDs, which facilitates spatial translocations of ATGL onto LDs. In addition, PEX5 could escort ATGL to contact points between peroxisomes and LDs in the presence of fasting cues. Moreover, in adipocyte-specific PEX5-knockout mice, the recruitment of ATGL onto LDs was defective and fasting-induced lipolysis is attenuated. Collectively, these data suggest that physical contacts between peroxisomes and LDs are required for spatiotemporal translocation of ATGL, which is escorted by PEX5 upon fasting, to maintain energy homeostasis. Lipid droplets are organelles that regulate lipid metabolism but if organellar contacts play a role during lipolysis is unclear. Here, the authors show that peroxisomes and peroxisomal protein PEX5 play pivotal roles in the spatial and temporal regulation of fasting-induced lipolysis by translocating ATGL onto lipid droplets
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Okumoto K, Tamura S, Honsho M, Fujiki Y. Peroxisome: Metabolic Functions and Biogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1299:3-17. [PMID: 33417203 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60204-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome is an organelle conserved in almost all eukaryotic cells with a variety of functions in cellular metabolism, including fatty acid β-oxidation, synthesis of ether glycerolipid plasmalogens, and redox homeostasis. Such metabolic functions and the exclusive importance of peroxisomes have been highlighted in fatal human genetic disease called peroxisomal biogenesis disorders (PBDs). Recent advances in this field have identified over 30 PEX genes encoding peroxins as essential factors for peroxisome biogenesis in various species from yeast to humans. Functional delineation of the peroxins has revealed that peroxisome biogenesis comprises the processes, involving peroxisomal membrane assembly, matrix protein import, division, and proliferation. Catalase, the most abundant peroxisomal enzyme, catalyzes decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisome plays pivotal roles in the cellular redox homeostasis and the response to oxidative stresses, depending on intracellular localization of catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Okumoto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Yukio Fujiki
- Institute of Rheological Functions of Food, Fukuoka, Japan. .,Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Human Postprandial Nutrient Metabolism and Low-Grade Inflammation: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123000. [PMID: 31817857 PMCID: PMC6950246 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the postprandial state has been acknowledged, since hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are linked with several chronic systemic low-grade inflammation conditions. Humans spend more than 16 h per day in the postprandial state and the postprandial state is acknowledged as a complex interplay between nutrients, hormones and diet-derived metabolites. The purpose of this review is to provide insight into the physiology of the postprandial inflammatory response, the role of different nutrients, the pro-inflammatory effects of metabolic endotoxemia and the anti-inflammatory effects of bile acids. Moreover, we discuss nutritional strategies that may be linked to the described pathways to modulate the inflammatory component of the postprandial response.
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Zheng FM, Chen WB, Qin T, Lv LN, Feng B, Lu YL, Li ZQ, Wang XC, Tao LJ, Li HW, Li SY. ACOX1 destabilizes p73 to suppress intrinsic apoptosis pathway and regulates sensitivity to doxorubicin in lymphoma cells. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 31401980 PMCID: PMC6774419 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.9.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is one of the most curable types of cancer. However, drug resistance is the main challenge faced in lymphoma treatment. Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid β-oxidation. Deregulation of ACOX1 has been linked to peroxisomal disorders and carcinogenesis in the liver. Currently, there is no information about the function of ACOX1 in lymphoma. In this study, we found that upregulation of ACOX1 promoted proliferation in lymphoma cells, while downregulation of ACOX1 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis. Additionally, over-expression of ACOX1 increased resistance to doxorubicin, while suppression of ACOX1 expression markedly potentiated doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, downregulation of ACOX1 promoted mitochondrial location of Bad, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and provoked apoptosis by activating caspase-9 and caspase-3 related apoptotic pathway. Overexpression of ACOX1 alleviated doxorubicin-induced activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential. Importantly, downregulation of ACOX1 increased p73, but not p53, expression. p73 expression was critical for apoptosis induction induced by ACOX1 downregulation. Also, overexpression of ACOX1 significantly reduced stability of p73 protein thereby reducing p73 expression. Thus, our study indicated that suppression of ACOX1 could be a novel and effective approach for treatment of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Meng Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Eastern Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wang-Bing Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Li-Na Lv
- Department of Hematology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Naning 530199, China
| | - Bi Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Eastern Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yan-Ling Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Eastern Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zuo-Quan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Guancheng Hospital, Dongguan 523009, China
| | - Xiao-Chao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Li-Ju Tao
- Department of Hematology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Naning 530199, China
| | - Hong-Wen Li
- Department of Hematology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Naning 530199, China
| | - Shu-You Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Naning 530199, China
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