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Liu Y, Wu H, Liu B, Chen S, Huang L, Liu Z, Wang J, Xie L, Wu X. Multi-omics analysis reveals the impact of gut microbiota on antipsychotic-induced weight gain in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2024; 270:325-338. [PMID: 38964078 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with the development of antipsychotic-induced weight gain in schizophrenia (SZ). However, the exact taxonomic composition and functionality that constitute the "obesogenic" microbial profile remain elusive. Our retrospective survey identified two groups of the SZ population separated by BMI, with 1/3 of patients developing overweight/obesity after chronic antipsychotic treatment. Based on multi-omics analysis, we observed altered gut microbiota in SZ patients with overweight/obesity, characterized by a reduction in several beneficial bacteria genera, including Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Akkermansia, and Clostridium. This microbial dysbiosis was accompanied by disrupted energy expenditure and nutritional metabolism, worsened metabolic indices, and reduced levels of beneficial metabolites, e.g. indole-3-carboxylic acid and propionic acid. Moreover, leveraging data from first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia (FSZ) patients at one-month and one-year follow-up, both artificial neural network and random forest classifier-based prediction models demonstrated a strong ability of microbial profiles to predict antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Importantly, FSZ patients with higher relative abundance of Parabacteria distasonis were less susceptible to antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Thus, gut microbiota could serve as a noninvasive approach to predict antipsychotic-induced weight gain, guiding clinical antipsychotics administration and developing novel therapeutic strategies for weight management in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Liu
- Psychiatry Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Sleep Medicine Center of Psychiatry Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Radiology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Bingdong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Shengyun Chen
- Psychiatry Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Liujing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Liwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Psychiatry Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Mitsou EK, Katsagoni CN, Janiszewska K. Attitudes and Practices of Dietitians Regarding Gut Microbiota in Health-An Online Survey of the European Federation of the Associations of Dietitians (EFAD). Nutrients 2024; 16:2452. [PMID: 39125333 PMCID: PMC11314052 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Explorations of the current attitudes and practices of dietitians regarding the gut microbiota in health are scarce. In this online survey, we assessed the attitudes and practices of dietitians across Europe concerning gut microbiome parameters and the manipulation of the gut microbiota. Pre-graduate dietetic students and other professionals were also invited to participate. The potential interest and preferences of the participants for future educational initiatives about the gut microbiota and the educational resources used were further explored. A total of 179 full responses were recorded (dietitians, n = 155), mainly from the southern and western regions. Most of the participants (>90.0%) believed that probiotics and prebiotics have a place in nutritional practice and that fermented foods with live microbial cultures should be a part of food-based dietary guidelines. A strong belief in the beneficial roles of probiotics and prebiotics in some health situations was also reported among the participants. Most of the dietitians recognised the importance of gut microbiota manipulation and advised the use of probiotics and prebiotics in dietary practice, and they felt quite confident applying the relevant information in their daily practice. Nevertheless, misconceptions were identified, and further guideline-oriented education is necessary. The interest in future e-learning initiatives was high among the participants, and the sources of knowledge, educative formats, and potential areas for further educational efforts were indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdokia K. Mitsou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina N. Katsagoni
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Agia Sofia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- The European Federation of the Associations of Dietitians (EFAD), Gooimeer 4-15, 1411 DC Naarden, The Netherlands;
| | - Katarzyna Janiszewska
- The European Federation of the Associations of Dietitians (EFAD), Gooimeer 4-15, 1411 DC Naarden, The Netherlands;
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Alcedo González J, Estremera-Arévalo F, Cobián Malaver J, Santos Vicente J, Alcalá-González LG, Naves J, Barba Orozco E, Barber Caselles C, Serrano-Falcón B, Accarino Garaventa A, Alonso-Cotoner C, Serra Pueyo J. Common questions and rationale answers about the intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome (SIBO). GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2024:502216. [PMID: 38852778 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2024.502216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Alcedo González
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, España.
| | - Fermín Estremera-Arévalo
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Navarrabiomed, Universidad Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA, Navarra, España
| | | | - Javier Santos Vicente
- Laboratorio de Neuro-Inmuno-Gastroenterología, Unidad de Investigación de Aparato Digestivo, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | | | - Juan Naves
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, España
| | - Elizabeth Barba Orozco
- Unidad de Neurogastroenterología y Motilidad, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Departamento de Gastroenterología, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | | | - Blanca Serrano-Falcón
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | | | - Carmen Alonso-Cotoner
- Laboratorio de Neuro-Inmuno-Gastroenterología, Unidad de Investigación de Aparato Digestivo, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Jordi Serra Pueyo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Área de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España
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Tursi F, Benedetto E, Spina A, De Ponti I, Amone F, Nobile V. Efficacy of a Food Supplement Containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA14, Peptides, and a Multivitamin Complex in Improving Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Related Outcomes and Quality of Life of Subjects Showing Mild-to-Moderate Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:1759. [PMID: 38892690 PMCID: PMC11174755 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary interventions represent an interesting alternative to pharmacological treatments for improving the quality of life (QoL) of subjects suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a food supplement (FS) containing a probiotic strain, bioactive peptides, and vitamins in relieving heartburn/dyspeptic symptoms in subjects with mild-to-moderate GERD. Fifty-six adult participants were randomly assigned to receive the placebo or the active FS for 28 days. Subjects were asked to record daily the frequency and intensity of heartburn episodes and the intake of over- the-counter (OTC) medications. GERD-QoL and self-assessment questionnaires were also completed every two weeks and at the end of the treatment, respectively. FS was effective in achieving a progressive and significant reduction of heartburn frequency and severity, with an intergroup significant difference at the end of the treatment period. FS group also reported a reduction in the OTC medication intake, whereas placebo administration did not modify the OTC intake. Results from the QoL and self-assessment questionnaires showed that FS administration achieved a progressive and statistically significant intragroup and intergroup improvement in the QoL score and a higher positive response with respect to the placebo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tursi
- Research and Development, Complife Italia S.r.l., 27028 San Martino Siccomario, Italy; (F.T.)
| | - Edoardo Benedetto
- GIGA-CP Italian Association for Primary Care Gastroenterology, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Amelia Spina
- Nutratech S.r.l., Spin-Off of University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Ileana De Ponti
- Research and Development, Complife Italia S.r.l., 27028 San Martino Siccomario, Italy; (F.T.)
| | - Fabio Amone
- Nutratech S.r.l., Spin-Off of University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nobile
- Research and Development, Complife Italia S.r.l., 27028 San Martino Siccomario, Italy; (F.T.)
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Logullo P, van Zuuren EJ, Winchester CC, Tovey D, Gattrell WT, Price A, Harrison N, Goldman K, Chisholm A, Walters K, Blazey P. ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document (ACCORD) explanation and elaboration: Guidance and examples to support reporting consensus methods. PLoS Med 2024; 21:e1004390. [PMID: 38709851 PMCID: PMC11198995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When research evidence is limited, inconsistent, or absent, healthcare decisions and policies need to be based on consensus amongst interested stakeholders. In these processes, the knowledge, experience, and expertise of health professionals, researchers, policymakers, and the public are systematically collected and synthesised to reach agreed clinical recommendations and/or priorities. However, despite the influence of consensus exercises, the methods used to achieve agreement are often poorly reported. The ACCORD (ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document) guideline was developed to help report any consensus methods used in biomedical research, regardless of the health field, techniques used, or application. This explanatory document facilitates the use of the ACCORD checklist. METHODS AND FINDINGS This paper was built collaboratively based on classic and contemporary literature on consensus methods and publications reporting their use. For each ACCORD checklist item, this explanation and elaboration document unpacks the pieces of information that should be reported and provides a rationale on why it is essential to describe them in detail. Furthermore, this document offers a glossary of terms used in consensus exercises to clarify the meaning of common terms used across consensus methods, to promote uniformity, and to support understanding for consumers who read consensus statements, position statements, or clinical practice guidelines. The items are followed by examples of reporting items from the ACCORD guideline, in text, tables and figures. CONCLUSIONS The ACCORD materials - including the reporting guideline and this explanation and elaboration document - can be used by anyone reporting a consensus exercise used in the context of health research. As a reporting guideline, ACCORD helps researchers to be transparent about the materials, resources (both human and financial), and procedures used in their investigations so readers can judge the trustworthiness and applicability of their results/recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Logullo
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, and EQUATOR Network UK Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christopher C. Winchester
- Oxford PharmaGenesis, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Tovey
- Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amy Price
- Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice (TDI), Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA, previously at Stanford Anesthesia, Informatics and Media Lab, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | | | - Keith Goldman
- Global Medical Affairs, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | | | - Paul Blazey
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Marasco G, Cremon C, Barbaro MR, Stanghellini V, Barbara G. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology Lectureship Dubai 2022 : Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea. J Clin Gastroenterol 2024; 58:221-231. [PMID: 38227850 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with diarrhea (IBS-D) affects ~1% of the general population and is characterized by abdominal pain associated with diarrhea. IBS-D symptoms significantly impact the quality of life of patients. Major uncertainties remain regarding the optimal management of these patients. Several therapies have been investigated over the years for the treatment of IBS-D. In the initial management, commonly prescribed approaches with an effect on global IBS symptoms include a low Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-Saccharides and Polyols diet and probiotics, while antispasmodics are used for targeting abdominal pain and loperamide for diarrhea only. Additional therapeutic options for the relief of global IBS symptoms include rifaximin, 5-HT 3 antagonists, gut-directed psychological therapies, and eluxadoline, while tricyclic antidepressants can target abdominal pain and bile acid sequestrants diarrhea. Promising evidence exists for the use of mesalazine and fecal microbiota transplantation in IBS-D, although further evidence is needed for definitive conclusions regarding their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Marasco
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesare Cremon
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Stanghellini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barbara
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Mitsou EK, Katsagoni CN, Janiszewska K. Knowledge of Dietitians on Gut Microbiota in Health-An Online Survey of the European Federation of the Associations of Dietitians (EFAD). Nutrients 2024; 16:621. [PMID: 38474750 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Explorations of current knowledge of dietitians about gut-health interconnection and the role of diet in gut microbiota manipulation are rather scarce in the literature. In this online survey we assessed the perceived and current knowledge of dietitians across Europe about gut microbiota and systemic health, nutrition as a modulator of the gut ecosystem, and the role of probiotics and prebiotics. Pre-graduate dietetic students and other professionals were also invited to participate. A total of 179 full responses were recorded (dietitians, n = 155), mainly from Southern and Western regions. Most participants (>78.0%) reported an average to good level of perceived knowledge, with significant positive correlations between perceived and current knowledge in all sections and overall (p for all <0.05). Nevertheless, a rather low current knowledge scoring of participants about probiotics and prebiotics was observed. Features such as being a dietitian, having a higher educational level as dietitian and working in an academic/research setting were usually associated with higher current knowledge. Further analysis revealed that dietitians had a trend for higher scoring about probiotics and prebiotics compared to pre-graduate students or other professionals. Moreover, for dietitians, working in an academic or research setting was an independent factor for scoring in the highest quartile in all tested sections and overall (p for all <0.05). In conclusion, this online survey shed some light on the current knowledge of dietitians across Europe about gut microbiota parameters, including dietary modulation, highlighting in parallel possible knowledge determinants. Potential areas for future educational efforts in this rather unexplored field were indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdokia K Mitsou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina N Katsagoni
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- The European Federation of the Associations of Dietitians (EFAD), Gooimeer 4-15, 1411 DC Naarden, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Janiszewska
- The European Federation of the Associations of Dietitians (EFAD), Gooimeer 4-15, 1411 DC Naarden, The Netherlands
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Chang YH, Choi YJ, Shin CM, Moon JS, Kim TY, Yoon H, Park YS, Kim N, Lee DH. Efficacy of Quadruple-coated Probiotics in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 30:73-86. [PMID: 38173160 PMCID: PMC10774795 DOI: 10.5056/jnm23036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims To evaluate the efficacy of quadruple-coated probiotics (gQlab) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), focusing on sex differences and IBS subtypes. Methods One hundred and nine Rome III-diagnosed IBS patients were randomized into either a gQlab or placebo group and received either gQlab or a placebo for 4 weeks. Participants replied to questionnaires assessing compliance, symptoms, and safety. Fecal samples were collected at 0 and 4 weeks to measure the probiotic levels using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and to perform metagenomic analysis via 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. The primary endpoint was the change in the overall IBS symptoms after 4 weeks of treatment. Results Ninety-two subjects (47 and 45 in the gQlab and placebo groups, respectively) completed the study protocol. At week 4, there was a higher relief of the overall IBS symptoms in the gQlab group (P = 0.005). The overall IBS symptom improvement was statistically significant (P = 0.017) in female patients of the gQlab group compared with the placebo group. Among the IBS subtypes, constipation-predominant IBS patients showed significant relief of the overall IBS symptoms (P = 0.002). At week 4, the fecal microbiome profiles between the 2 groups did not differ, but the qPCR levels of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium breve were increased in the gQlab group (P < 0.05 by repeated measures ANOVA). Conclusions gQlab administration can improve the overall IBS symptoms, especially in female and constipation-predominant IBS patients. Further research is necessary to clarify the pathophysiology behind sex-related treatment responses in IBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoon Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Moon
- Research Laboratories, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Tae-Yoon Kim
- Research Laboratories, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Chávez García SN, Rodríguez-Herrera R, Nery Flores S, Silva-Belmares SY, Esparza-González SC, Ascacio-Valdés JA, Flores-Gallegos AC. Sprouts as probiotic carriers: A new trend to improve consumer nutrition. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2023; 7:100185. [PMID: 38155686 PMCID: PMC10753383 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2023.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, efforts to eradicate hunger in the world have led to the generation of sustainable development goals to reduce poverty and inequality. It is estimated that the current coronavirus pandemic could add between 83 and 132 million to the total number of undernourished people in the world by 2021. Food insecurity is a contributing factor to the increase in malnutrition, overweight and obesity due to the quality of diets to which people have access. It is therefore necessary to develop functional foods that meet the needs of the population, such as the incorporation of sprouts in their formulation to enhance nutritional quality. Germination of grains and seeds can be used as a low-cost bioprocessing technique that provides higher nutritional value and better bioavailability of nutrients. Consequently, the manuscript describes relevant information about the germination process in different seeds, the changes caused in their nutritional value and the use of techniques within the imbibition phase to modify the metabolic profiles within the sprouts such as inoculation with lactic acid bacteria and yeasts, to generate a functional symbiotic food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Cecilia Esparza-González
- School of Odontology, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza and José Cárdenas S/N, Republica Oriente, C.P. 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
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Schneider A, Zeiler M, Kopp K, Wagner G, Karwautz A. [The Therapeutic Potential of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER- UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2023; 51:441-450. [PMID: 37070434 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The Therapeutic Potential of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders Abstract: This short review summarizes the literature available on therapeutic interventions with prebiotics and probiotics and their potential use in psychiatric disorders in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Most studies of children and adolescents are done on ADHD and autism spectrum disorders, whereas single reports exist largely on positive effects on cognitive symptoms and quality of life. Initial studies regarding anorexia nervosa point to a potential effect of weight gain and reduction of gastrointestinal symptoms. To date, the effects of prebiotics and probiotics in depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia have been mainly investigated in adults. The best reported evidence exists for depression, whereas the effects on depressive symptomatology are small. Positive effects are seen on gastrointestinal symptoms in these disorders. Given these positive effects, the mixed literature reports may result from very heterogeneous study designs. Nevertheless, the high potential of prebiotics and probiotics may be seen for minors with mental health problems. Further studies that include child and adolescent psychiatric populations and reflect the complexity of the gut-brain axis are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schneider
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Österreich
| | - Michael Zeiler
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Österreich
| | - Konstantin Kopp
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Österreich
| | - Gudrun Wagner
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Österreich
| | - Andreas Karwautz
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Österreich
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Solovyeva OI, Nekrasova AS, Topalova IG, Ponomarenko VA, Tsurtsumiia DB, Ilyashevich IG. [Long-term probiotic administration for irritable bowel syndrome: a legal need]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2023; 95:679-685. [PMID: 38158905 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2023.08.202378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Violations in the intestinal microbiocenosis play a significant role in the pathogenesis of this suffering. The probiotic strain Bifidobacterium longum 35624® has a strong evidence base for use in the management of patients with IBS. The duration of probiotic therapy and the need for repeated courses of probiotics require further study, which determined the need for this observational study. AIM To compare the results of prolonged (12 weeks) and usual duration of courses of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum 35624® in patients with IBS. MATERIALS AND METHODS 42 patients with a verified diagnosis of IBS of moderate and severe severity who met the inclusion criteria were recruited into the study. Patients were prescribed probiotic Bifidobacterium longum 35624® at a dose of 1 capsule (1×109 CFU), 1 time per day for 12 weeks. The course of the disease was assessed using the visual analogue scale, visceral sensitivity index (VSI), IBS symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS), quality of life indicators were assessed using the IBS-QoL questionnaire scales. Evaluation of indicators was carried out at the inclusion visit, on days 14, 28, 56, 84 of probiotic intake and on day 112 (28 days after the last dose of Bifidobacterium longum 35624®). RESULTS The results obtained confirmed the ability of the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum 35624® to positively influence the course of IBS. The addition of the main therapy with a probiotic made it possible to achieve a significant decrease in the severity of abdominal pain, bloating, and stool disorders. The severity of IBS significantly decreased according to the results of IBS-SSS. Reliable positive dynamics of indicators on the scales IBS-QoL, VSI is shown. The most pronounced changes were observed by the end of the third month of taking Bifidobacterium longum 35624®. Thus, according to the IBS-SSS indicators, only by the end of the third month of observation, some patients achieved remission of the disease. All described changes were persistent and persisted one month after the end of the probiotic intake. CONCLUSION The addition of a prolonged course of the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum 35624® to the basic therapy in patients with IBS allows a more pronounced and lasting effect to be achieved. A "post-probiotic" effect was shown - a decrease in VSI after the end of the intake of the probiotic strain. Given the chronic relapsing course of IBS, the use of repeated probiotic courses was proposed to prevent exacerbation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - I G Topalova
- Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University
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Trinh S, Käver L, Schlösser A, Simon A, Kogel V, Voelz C, Beyer C, Seitz J. Gut-Associated Lymphatic Tissue in Food-Restricted Rats: Influence of Refeeding and Probiotic Supplementation. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1411. [PMID: 37374913 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe and often chronic eating disorder that leads to alterations in the gut microbiome, which is known to influence several processes, such as appetite and body weight regulation, metabolism, gut permeability, inflammation, and gut-brain interactions. Using a translational activity-based anorexia (ABA) rat model, this study examined the effect of chronic food starvation, as well as multistrain probiotic supplementation and refeeding, on the structure of the gut and gut-associated lymphatic tissue (GALT). Our results indicated that ABA had an atrophic influence on intestinal morphology and increased the formation of GALT in the small bowel and colon. Higher formation of GALT in ABA rats appeared to be reversible upon application of a multistrain probiotic mixture and refeeding of the starved animals. This is the first time that increased GALT was found following starvation in the ABA model. Our results underscore a potential role of gut inflammatory alterations in the underlying pathophysiology of AN. Increased GALT could be linked to the gut microbiome, as probiotics were able to reverse this finding. These results emphasize the role of the microbiome-gut-brain axis in the pathomechanisms of AN and point to probiotics as potentially beneficial addendum in the treatment of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Trinh
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Larissa Käver
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Schlösser
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Simon
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Kogel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Clara Voelz
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Abstract
Interactions between the immune and nervous systems are of central importance in neuropathic pain, a common and debilitating form of chronic pain caused by a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system. Our understanding of neuroimmune interactions in pain research has advanced considerably. Initially considered as passive bystanders, then as culprits in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain, immune responses in the nervous system are now established to underpin not only the initiation and progression of pain but also its resolution. Indeed, immune cells and their mediators are well-established promoters of neuroinflammation at each level of the neural pain pathway that contributes to pain hypersensitivity. However, emerging evidence indicates that specific subtypes of immune cells (including antinociceptive macrophages, pain-resolving microglia and T regulatory cells) as well as immunoresolvent molecules and modulators of the gut microbiota-immune system axis can reduce the pain experience and contribute to the resolution of neuropathic pain. This Review provides an overview of the immune mechanisms responsible for the resolution of neuropathic pain, including those involved in innate, adaptive and meningeal immunity as well as interactions with the gut microbiome. Specialized pro-resolving mediators and therapeutic approaches that target these neuroimmune mechanisms are also discussed.
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Benefits of Probiotic Pretreatment on the Gut Microbiota and Minor Complications after Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051141. [PMID: 36904141 PMCID: PMC10004836 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of probiotic pretreatment on the alteration and recovery of gut microbiota after bowel preparation and its correlation with minor complications. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial that included participants 40-65 years of age. Participants were randomly provided probiotics (active group) or placebo (placebo group) for 1 month before the colonoscopy and their feces collected. A total of 51 participants were included in the present study (26 in the active group and 25 in the placebo group). In the active group, the microbial diversity, evenness, and distribution were not significantly changed between before and after bowel preparation, but did change in the placebo group. The number of gut microbiota that decreased after bowel preparation in the active group was lower than in the placebo group. On the seventh day after colonoscopy, the gut microbiota in the active group was restored to almost the same level as before bowel preparation. In addition, we identified that several strains were assumed as key microbiota in early colonization and some taxa were increased only in the active group after bowel preparation. In multivariate analysis, taking probiotics before bowel preparation was identified as a significant factor for decreasing the duration of minor complications (odds ratio 0.13, 95% confidence interval 0.02-0.60, p = 0.027). Probiotic pretreatment had benefits on the alteration and recovery of gut microbiota and possible complications after bowel preparation. Probiotics may also aid in the early colonization of key microbiota.
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Wei J, Wang J. Chinese residents' knowledge about and behavior towards dairy products: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:374. [PMID: 36810016 PMCID: PMC9943042 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese residents generally had insufficient intake of dairy products. The correct mastery of dairy related knowledge helps to develop a good habit of dairy intake. Dairy intake and purchasing behavior were related to multiple factors. As an attempt to lay a scientific basis for guiding the rational intake of dairy by Chinese residents, we launched a survey to discover Chinese residents' knowledge about dairy product, intake and purchasing behavior of dairy and its influencing factors. METHODS An online survey was conducted from May to June 2021, and 2500 Chinese residents aged 16-65 were selected using the convenient sampling method. A self-designed questionnaire was adopted. Analysis of the demographic and sociological factors influencing Chinese residents' knowledge about dairy products, behavior towards dairy intake and purchasing were measured. RESULTS The average score of knowledge about dairy product of Chinese residents was 4.13 ± 1.50 points. 99.7% of the respondents considered that drinking milk was beneficial, whereas only 12.8% gained a correct insight into the specific benefits of drinking milk. 4.6% of the respondents correctly knew what nutrients they could get from milk. 4.0% of the respondents could correctly identify the type of dairy product. 50.5% of the respondents knew that adult should drink at least 300 ml milk per day. Female, young and high-income residents had better dairy knowledge, while residents with lactose intolerance and whose family members do not have a milk-drinking habit had worse dairy knowledge (P < 0.05). On average, Chinese residents consumed 255.61 ± 88.40 ml dairy product per day. The elderly residents, residents with low education level, residents who lived with family members without milk-drinking habits and residents with poor knowledge of dairy product had worse dairy intake behavior (P < 0.05). When purchasing dairy products, young and middle-aged people (54.20% of those aged ≤ 30, 58.97% of those aged 31-44, and 57.08% of those aged 45-59) were most concerned about whether probiotics were added to dairy products. The elderly (47.25%) were most concerned about whether dairy products were low sugar / sugar free. Chinese residents (52.24%) tended to purchase small-packaged dairy products that could be consumed easily anytime and anywhere. CONCLUSION Chinese residents had a lack of knowledge regarding dairy products, and their dairy intake was insufficient. We should further strengthen the popularization of dairy product related knowledge, guide residents to choose dairy products correctly, and increase the intake of dairy products by Chinese residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei
- Songnan Town Community Health Service Center, 301 Songliang Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200441 China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of General Practice, International Medical Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 130 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Soheilipour M, Tabesh E, Najmi S, Raisi M, Adibi P. Evaluation and comparison of therapeutic effects of probiotics and colloidal bismuth subcitrate on abdominal bloating. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2023; 14:518-525. [PMID: 37520877 PMCID: PMC10379796 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.14.3.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Functional abdominal bloating is one of the functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Here, we aimed to investigate and compare the effects of probiotics and colloidal bismuth subcitrate on abdominal bloating. Methods This was a double-blinded randomized clinical trial performed on 125 patients with functional abdominal bloating in Isfahan in 2020-2021. At the beginning of the study, information on the frequency of abdominal bloating, its severity, the occurrence of early satiety, frequency of borborygmus, frequency of belching, and the frequency of defecation per week was collected. Patients were divided into 3 groups receiving familact probiotic pills that contained 7 bacterial strains, colloidal bismuth subcitrate tablets, and placebo pills for 4 weeks. Afterwards, the frequency and severity of abdominal bloating and other symptoms were compared. Results After 2 weeks, patients in the probiotic group had a significantly lower frequency of abdominal bloating compared to other groups (P= 0.006). After 4 and 8 weeks, patients in the probiotic group and bismuth group had a lower frequency of bloating )3.18±3.02, 4.11±3.34) compared to placebo (5.10±3.54) (P= 0.001 and P= 0.037, respectively). During the study, patients in the probiotic group had a significantly lower bloating severity (41.90% had no symptom) compared to bismuth and placebo groups (12.50 ,12.00% had no symptom) (p< 0.05). The frequency of borborygmus was significantly lower in the probiotic group after 2 and 4 weeks during the study compared to other groups (1.62±0.2 Vs 2.69±0.3, 2.45±0.3 ) (P= 0.010 and P= 0.013, respectively). Conclusion According to our data, consumption of probiotics improves the frequency and severity of abdominal bloating and reduces borborygmus. Colloidal bismuth subcitrate also has significant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Soheilipour
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center (IGHRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Tabesh
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center (IGHRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soheila Najmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Raisi
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center (IGHRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Shin SY, Park S, Moon JM, Kim K, Kim JW, Chun J, Lee TH, Choi CH. Compositional Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Responders and Non-responders to Probiotic Treatment Among Patients With Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 28:642-654. [PMID: 36250371 PMCID: PMC9577570 DOI: 10.5056/jnm21202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims We aim to evaluate the differences in the microbiome of responders and non-responders, as well as predict the response to probiotic therapy, based on fecal microbiome data in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Methods A multi-strain probiotics that contains Lactobacillus acidophilus (KCTC 11906BP), Lactobacillus plantarum (KCTC11867BP), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (KCTC 11868BP), Bifidobacterium breve (KCTC 11858BP), Bifidobacterium lactis (KCTC 11903BP), Bifidobacterium longum (KCTC 11860BP), and Streptococcus thermophilus (KCTC 11870BP) were used. Patients were categorized into probiotic and placebo groups, and fecal samples were collected from all patients before and at the end of 8 weeks of treatment. The probiotic group was further divided into responders and non-responders. Responders were defined as patients who experienced adequate relief of overall irritable bowel syndrome symptoms after probiotic therapy. Fecal microbiota were investigated using Illumina MiSeq and analyzed using the EzBioCloud 16S database and microbiome pipeline (https://www.EZbiocloud.net). Results There was no significant difference in the alpha and beta diversity between the responder and non-responder groups. The abundances of the phylum Proteobacteria and genus Bacteroides significantly decreased after probiotic treatment. Bifidobacterium bifidum, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Enterococcus faecium showed a significantly higher abundance in the probiotic group after treatment compared to the placebo group. Enterococcus faecalis and Lactococcus lactis were identified as biomarkers of non-response to probiotics. The abundance of Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans significantly increased in the responders after treatment. Conclusions Probiotic treatment changes some composition of fecal bacteria in patients with IBS-D. E. faecalis and L. lactis may be prediction biomarkers for non-response to probiotics. Increased abundance of F. sccharivorans is correlated to symptom improvement by probiotics in patients with IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yong Shin
- Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sein Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Moon
- Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kisung Kim
- Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Wook Kim
- Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongsik Chun
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hee Lee
- Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Choi
- Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Tsukanov VV, Vasyutin AV, Tonkikh JL. Efficacy of probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. MEDITSINSKIY SOVET = MEDICAL COUNCIL 2022:119-126. [DOI: 10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-15-119-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
A review of current literature data was made, substantiating the high prevalence and social significance of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In different regions of the world, the prevalence of IBS ranges from 10% to 15%. The pathogenesis of IBS is a multifactorial process, including dysmotility, sluggish immune inflammation, changes in intestinal permeability, dysbiosis, exposure to infectious agents, malnutrition, neurohumoral dysregulation, changes in the central nervous system (psychological stress, cognitive dysfunction) in combination with genetic factors. The complexity of the pathogenesis determines the heterogeneity of the clinical manifestations of IBS, among which there may be forms with a predominance of pain, constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, which in turn complicates approaches to the treatment of this disease. The decisive importance of fecal dysbiosis for the pathogenesis of functional bowel pathology is now recognized. A 2019 systematic review showed a clear decrease in the genera Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium, an increase in the families Lactobacillaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and the genus Bacteroides in patients with IBS compared with healthy individuals. The Rome IV criteria, the recommendations of the British Society of Gastroenterology, the United European Gastroenterology and the European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility, the Russian Gastroenterological Association substantiate the use of probiotics for the treatment of IBS. Placebo-controlled clinical studies confirm the action of Bifidobacterium longum 35624 to normalize the frequency and form of stools, relieve general symptoms, abdominal pain, bloating, and improve the quality of life in patients with IBS. The expert council, held on March 18, 2022 in Moscow, chaired by the chief gastroenterologist of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Academician of the RAS V.T. Ivashkin, confirmed the effectiveness of probiotics for the treatment of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. V. Tsukanov
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Separate Subdivision “Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North”
| | - A. V. Vasyutin
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Separate Subdivision “Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North”
| | - Ju. L. Tonkikh
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Separate Subdivision “Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North”
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Tuteja AK, Talley NJ, Murtaugh MA, Loc-Carrillo CM, Stoddard GJ, Anderson GL. Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial to Assess the Effect of Probiotics on Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Veterans With Gulf War Illness. Fed Pract 2022; 39:410-417. [PMID: 36744017 PMCID: PMC9896367 DOI: 10.12788/fp.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background Many veterans who served in Operation Desert Storm (August 1990 to March 1991) experienced a complex of symptoms of unknown etiology called Gulf War illness (GWI), which significantly impacts the health and quality of life (QOL) and may have contributed to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods We performed a prospective, double-blind placebocontrolled study to determine the efficacy of the multistrain De Simone Formulation probiotic containing 8 strains of bacteria on symptoms of IBS and GWI. Veterans of Operation Desert Storm who had IBS and ≥ 2 nonintestinal symptoms of GWI were included. The primary study endpoint was change in bowel symptom score. The secondary endpoints were mean change in symptoms, QOL, and extra-intestinal and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Results A total of 101 Gulf War veterans with IBS and GWI were screened at the Veteran Affairs Medical Center in Salt Lake City, Utah. The study was completed by 53 veterans; 47 (89%) were male with a mean (SD) age of 55 (8) years. The probiotic did not improve IBS symptoms or other extra-intestinal symptoms common to IBS and GWI. Conclusions Our study did not demonstrate statistically significant improvement in IBS symptoms or QOL after treatment with the probiotic. We also did not find any improvement in symptoms of GWI or PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K. Tuteja
- George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah,University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | | | | | - Catherine M. Loc-Carrillo
- George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah,University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Gregory J. Stoddard
- George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah,University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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Pan R, Wang L, Xu X, Chen Y, Wang H, Wang G, Zhao J, Chen W. Crosstalk between the Gut Microbiome and Colonic Motility in Chronic Constipation: Potential Mechanisms and Microbiota Modulation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183704. [PMID: 36145079 PMCID: PMC9505360 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic constipation (CC) is a highly prevalent and burdensome gastrointestinal disorder. Accumulating evidence highlights the link between imbalances in the gut microbiome and constipation. However, the mechanisms by which the microbiome and microbial metabolites affect gut movement remain poorly understood. In this review, we discuss recent studies on the alteration in the gut microbiota in patients with CC and the effectiveness of probiotics in treating gut motility disorder. We highlight the mechanisms that explain how the gut microbiome and its metabolism are linked to gut movement and how intestinal microecological interventions may counteract these changes based on the enteric nervous system, the central nervous system, the immune function, and the ability to modify intestinal secretion and the hormonal milieu. In particular, microbiota-based approaches that modulate the levels of short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan catabolites or that target the 5-hydroxytryptamine and Toll-like receptor pathways may hold therapeutic promise. Finally, we discuss the existing limitations of microecological management in treating constipation and suggest feasible directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Xishan People’s Hospital, Wuxi 214105, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haojue Wang
- The Department of of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Xishan People’s Hospital, Wuxi 214105, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-510-8240-2084 (H.W.); +86-510-8591-2155 (J.Z.)
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-510-8240-2084 (H.W.); +86-510-8591-2155 (J.Z.)
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
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Effectiveness and Safety of Probiotics for Patients with Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 10 Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122482. [PMID: 35745212 PMCID: PMC9231226 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of probiotics in the treatment of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C), we searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing probiotic care versus placebos for patients with IBS-C in five comprehensive databases (March 2022). The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. RevMan 5.3 was used to perform a meta-analysis on stool consistency, abdominal pain, bloating, quality of life (QoL), fecal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus counts, and adverse events. The GRADE approach was used to evaluate the certainty of the evidence. Ten RCTs involving 757 patients were included. Only three studies were rated as having a low risk of bias. The meta-analysis results show that, compared to the placebo, probiotics significantly improved stool consistency (MD = 0.72, 95% CI (0.18, 1.26), p < 0.05, low quality) and increased the number of fecal Bifidobacteria (MD = 1.75, 95% CI (1.51, 2.00), p < 0.05, low quality) and Lactobacillus (MD = 1.69, 95% CI (1.48, 1.89), p < 0.05, low quality), while no significant differences were found in abdominal pain scores, bloating scores, QoL scores, or the incidence of adverse events (p > 0.05). The low-to-very low certainty evidence suggests that probiotics might improve the stool consistency of patients with IBS-C and increase the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli in feces with good safety. However, more high-quality studies with large samples are needed to verify the findings.
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22
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Mourey F, Decherf A, Jeanne JF, Clément-Ziza M, Grisoni ML, Machuron F, Legrain-Raspaud S, Bourreille A, Desreumaux P. Saccharomyces cerevisiae I-3856 in irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:2509-2522. [PMID: 35979259 PMCID: PMC9258277 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i22.2509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are a promising solution for managing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) I-3856 has already demonstrated beneficial effects in IBS subjects, particularly in IBS with predominant constipation (IBS-C).
AIM To confirm the efficacy of S. cerevisiae I-3856 in the management of gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS-C.
METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was performed in a total of 456 subjects. After a run-in period, subjects were randomly assigned to the group receiving S. cerevisiae I-3856 (8 × 109 CFU daily) or the placebo for 8 wk, and they performed daily self-evaluations of gastrointestinal symptoms. The primary objective was to assess the effect of the probiotic on abdominal pain. The secondary objectives were the evaluation of other gastrointestinal symptoms, bowel movement frequency and consistency, and quality of life (QOL).
RESULTS A significantly higher proportion of abdominal pain responders was reported in the Probiotic group (45.1% vs 33.9%, P = 0.017). A nonsignificant difference in the area under the curve for abdominal pain over the second month of supplementation was observed in subjects receiving probiotic vs placebo [P = 0.073, 95%CI: -0.59 (-1.23; 0.05)]. No statistically significant differences were reported in the evolution of bowel movement frequency and stool consistency between the groups. After 8 wk of supplementation, the overall QOL score was significantly higher in the Probiotic group than in the Placebo group [P = 0.047, 95%CI: 3.86 (0.52; 7.20)]. Furthermore, exploratory analyses showed statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements in QOL scores in abdominal pain responders vs nonresponders.
CONCLUSION The results of this clinical study confirmed the abdominal pain alleviation properties of S. cerevisiae I-3856 in IBS-C. Abdominal pain relief was associated with improved QOL. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03150212.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Mourey
- Research and Applications Department, Gnosis by Lesaffre, Lesaffre Group, Marcq-en-Baroeul 59700, France
| | - Amélie Decherf
- Research and Applications Department, Gnosis by Lesaffre, Lesaffre Group, Marcq-en-Baroeul 59700, France
| | - Jean-François Jeanne
- Research and Applications Department, Gnosis by Lesaffre, Lesaffre Group, Marcq-en-Baroeul 59700, France
| | - Mathieu Clément-Ziza
- Data Science and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Research and Development Department, Lesaffre International, Lesaffre Group, Marcq-en-Baroeul 59700, France
| | - Marie-Lise Grisoni
- Data Science and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Research and Development Department, Lesaffre International, Lesaffre Group, Marcq-en-Baroeul 59700, France
| | - François Machuron
- Data Science and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Research and Development Department, Lesaffre International, Lesaffre Group, Marcq-en-Baroeul 59700, France
| | - Sophie Legrain-Raspaud
- Research and Applications Department, Gnosis by Lesaffre, Lesaffre Group, Marcq-en-Baroeul 59700, France
| | - Arnaud Bourreille
- Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes 44093, France
| | - Pierre Desreumaux
- Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille 59000, France
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23
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Savarino E, Zingone F, Barberio B, Marasco G, Akyuz F, Akpinar H, Barboi O, Bodini G, Bor S, Chiarioni G, Cristian G, Corsetti M, Di Sabatino A, Dimitriu AM, Drug V, Dumitrascu DL, Ford AC, Hauser G, Nakov R, Patel N, Pohl D, Sfarti C, Serra J, Simrén M, Suciu A, Tack J, Toruner M, Walters J, Cremon C, Barbara G. Functional bowel disorders with diarrhoea: Clinical guidelines of the United European Gastroenterology and European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility. United European Gastroenterol J 2022; 10:556-584. [PMID: 35695704 PMCID: PMC9278595 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS‐D) and functional diarrhoea (FDr) are the two major functional bowel disorders characterized by diarrhoea. In spite of their high prevalence, IBS‐D and FDr are associated with major uncertainties, especially regarding their optimal diagnostic work‐up and management. A Delphi consensus was performed with experts from 10 European countries who conducted a literature summary and voting process on 31 statements. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation criteria. Consensus (defined as >80% agreement) was reached for all the statements. The panel agreed with the potential overlapping of IBS‐D and FDr. In terms of diagnosis, the consensus supports a symptom‐based approach also with the exclusion of alarm symptoms, recommending the evaluation of full blood count, C‐reactive protein, serology for coeliac disease, and faecal calprotectin, and consideration of diagnosing bile acid diarrhoea. Colonoscopy with random biopsies in both the right and left colon is recommended in patients older than 50 years and in presence of alarm features. Regarding treatment, a strong consensus was achieved for the use of a diet low fermentable oligo‐, di‐, monosaccharides and polyols, gut‐directed psychological therapies, rifaximin, loperamide, and eluxadoline. A weak or conditional recommendation was achieved for antispasmodics, probiotics, tryciclic antidepressants, bile acid sequestrants, 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐3 antagonists (i.e. alosetron, ondansetron, or ramosetron). A multinational group of European experts summarized the current state of consensus on the definition, diagnosis, and management of IBS‐D and FDr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Savarino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabiana Zingone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Brigida Barberio
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marasco
- Division of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filiz Akyuz
- Department of Gastroenterology, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hale Akpinar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oana Barboi
- Department of Gastroenterology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.,Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 'Saint Spiridon' Hospital, Iasi, Romania
| | - Giorgia Bodini
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Serhat Bor
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Gheorghe Cristian
- Fundeni Clinical Institute Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maura Corsetti
- National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- First Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anca Mirela Dimitriu
- Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vasile Drug
- Department of Gastroenterology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.,Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 'Saint Spiridon' Hospital, Iasi, Romania
| | - Dan L Dumitrascu
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Farmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexander C Ford
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Goran Hauser
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Radislav Nakov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tsaritsa Yoanna University Hospital, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nisha Patel
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Institute of Global Health Innovation, St Mary's Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Daniel Pohl
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cătălin Sfarti
- Department of Gastroenterology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.,Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 'Saint Spiridon' Hospital, Iasi, Romania
| | - Jordi Serra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Badalona, Spain.,Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alina Suciu
- Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Murat Toruner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Julian Walters
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Medicine and Integrated Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Cesare Cremon
- Division of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barbara
- Division of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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24
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Mandha J, Shumoy H, Matemu AO, Raes K. Evaluation of the composition and quality of watermelon and mango juices fermented by
Levilactobacillus brevis, Lacticaseibacillus casei
and
Pediococcus pentosaceus
and subsequent simulated digestion and storage. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Mandha
- Research Unit VEG‐i‐TEC, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health Ghent University Campus Kortrijk Sint‐Martens‐Latemlaan 2B 8500 Kortrijk Belgium
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Nutritional Sciences Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology 447 Arusha Tanzania
| | - Habtu Shumoy
- Research Unit VEG‐i‐TEC, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health Ghent University Campus Kortrijk Sint‐Martens‐Latemlaan 2B 8500 Kortrijk Belgium
| | - Athanasia O. Matemu
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Nutritional Sciences Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology 447 Arusha Tanzania
| | - Katleen Raes
- Research Unit VEG‐i‐TEC, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health Ghent University Campus Kortrijk Sint‐Martens‐Latemlaan 2B 8500 Kortrijk Belgium
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25
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Hiremath S, Viswanathan P. Oxalobacter formigenes: A new hope as a live biotherapeutic agent in the management of calcium oxalate renal stones. Anaerobe 2022; 75:102572. [PMID: 35443224 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding the association of gut microbiota with the host have shown evidence of certain bacterial therapeutic potentiality in preventing and treating metabolic diseases. Hyperoxaluria is a severe challenge in nephrology and has led to the novel gut eubiosis as current therapy. The human gut commensal, obligate anaerobic, and intestinal oxalate-degrading strains of Oxalobacter formigenes have drawn a promising significant interest for the next-generation probiotics (NGPs). This nonpathogenic, potential probiotic, and specialist oxalotrophic properties of O. formigenes give a new hope as a live biotherapeutic agent for calcium oxalate renal therapy. Numerous satisfactory outcomes of in vitro and in vivo studies were achieved on evaluating O. formigenes functionality, but the commercial production of this bacterium is yet to be achieved. This bacterium finds diverse application in dietary and endogenous oxalate degradation and the improvement of gut health, on which we concentrated our attention in this review. The relationship between good anaerobic gut bacterial dysbiosis and renal complications is comprehensively discussed to address the need for the development probiotic formulation. However, the commercial production of this bacteria on a broad scale is complex, with numerous obstacles, mainly because they are oxygen-sensitive and difficult to culture. This review will coherently present the current and available methodologies in producing, stabilizing, and delivering these NGPs to treat calcium stones. Moreover, the study presents the extensive work and key milestones achieved in the research on O. formigenes from tale to the truth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shridhar Hiremath
- Renal Research Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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26
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López-Gómez L, Antón J, López-Tofiño Y, Pomana B, Uranga JA, Abalo R. Effects of Commercial Probiotics on Colonic Sensitivity after Acute Mucosal Irritation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116485. [PMID: 35682075 PMCID: PMC9180892 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal pathologies associated with abdominal pain, such as irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease, lack sufficiently effective treatments. In our study we have used a rat model of visceral pain (72 animals; n = 8–13 per experimental group) to analyze the consequences of intracolonic administration of the irritant acetic acid on visceral sensitivity, histology of the colonic wall, and inflammatory response. Moreover, we have studied the possible beneficial effects of a pretreatment with a commercial probiotic (Actimel®). Contrary to expectations, acetic acid application (7 cm proximal to the anus) decreased the nociceptive response to intracolonic mechanical stimulation, with a slight increase in the histological damage of colonic mucosa. The intensity of these changes depended on the concentration (4% or 0.6%) and the time of application (30 or 60 min). Pretreatment with probiotics (by daily gavage, for 1 week) normalized the values obtained in the visceral sensitivity test but revealed an increase in the number of macrophages. These results suggest a possible activation of inhibitory mechanisms early after colonic irritation, not previously described (which need further experimental confirmation), and the ability of probiotics to normalize the effects of acetic acid. In addition, pretreatment with probiotics has a direct effect on immune functions, stimulating macrophagic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura López-Gómez
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (L.L.-G.); (J.A.); (Y.L.-T.); (B.P.)
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Jaime Antón
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (L.L.-G.); (J.A.); (Y.L.-T.); (B.P.)
| | - Yolanda López-Tofiño
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (L.L.-G.); (J.A.); (Y.L.-T.); (B.P.)
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Bianca Pomana
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (L.L.-G.); (J.A.); (Y.L.-T.); (B.P.)
| | - José A. Uranga
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (L.L.-G.); (J.A.); (Y.L.-T.); (B.P.)
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.A.U.); (R.A.)
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (L.L.-G.); (J.A.); (Y.L.-T.); (B.P.)
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Working Group of Basic Sciences in Pain and Analgesia of the Spanish Society of Pain, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.A.U.); (R.A.)
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27
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Oyarzun I, Le Nevé B, Yañez F, Xie Z, Pichaud M, Serrano-Gómez G, Roca J, Veiga P, Azpiroz F, Tap J, Manichanh C. Human gut metatranscriptome changes induced by a fermented milk product are associated with improved tolerance to a flatulogenic diet. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1632-1641. [PMID: 35465165 PMCID: PMC9014321 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy plant-based diets rich in fermentable residues may induce gas-related symptoms, possibly mediated by the gut microbiota. We previously showed that consumption of a fermented milk product (FMP) containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CNCM I-2494 and lactic acid bacteria improved gastrointestinal (GI) comfort in response to a flatulogenic dietary challenge in healthy individuals. To study the effects of the FMP on gut microbiota activity from those participants, we conducted a metatranscriptomic analysis of fecal samples (n = 262), which were collected during the ingestion of a habitual diet and two series of a 3-day high-residue challenge diet, before and following 28-days of FMP consumption. Most of the FMP species were detected or found enriched upon consumption of the product. FMP mitigated the effect of a flatulogenic diet on gas-related symptoms in several ways. First, FMP consumption was associated with the depletion of gas-producing bacteria and increased hydrogen to methane conversion. It also led to the upregulation of activities such as replication and downregulation of functions related to motility and chemotaxis. Furthermore, upon FMP intake, metabolic activities such as carbohydrate metabolism, attributed to B. animalis and S. thermophilus, were enriched; these activities were coincidentally found to be negatively associated with several GI symptoms. Finally, a more connected microbial ecosystem or mutualistic relationship among microbes was found in responders to the FMP intervention. Taken together, these findings suggest that consumption of the FMP improved the tolerance of a flatulogenic diet through active interactions with the resident gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Oyarzun
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francisca Yañez
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zixuan Xie
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Joaquim Roca
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Azpiroz
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julien Tap
- Danone Nutricia Research, Palaiseau, France
| | - Chaysavanh Manichanh
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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28
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Wei Y, Peng S, Lian C, Kang Q, Chen J. Anorexia nervosa and gut microbiome: implications for weight change and novel treatments. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 16:321-332. [PMID: 35303781 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2022.2056017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Host-microbiota interactions may be involved in many physical and psychological functions ranging from the digestion of food, maintenance of immune homeostasis, to the regulation of mood and cognition. Microbiome dysbiosis has been consistently described in many diseases. The pathogenesis and weight regulation mechanism in anorexia nervosa (AN) also seem to be implicated in the dynamic bidirectional adjustment of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This review aims at elucidating this relationship. AREA COVERED This review starts with a description of pathogenic gut-brain pathways. Next, we focus on the latest research on the associations between gut microbiota and weight change in the condition of AN. The strategies to alter the intestinal microbiome for the treatment of this disorder are discussed, including dietary, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. EXPERT OPINION Gut microbiome is inextricably linked to AN. It may regulate weight gain in the process of refeeding via the microbiota-gut-brain axis, while the specific mechanism has yet to be clearly established. In the future, a better understanding of gut microbiome could have implications for developing microbiome-based prevention, diagnostics and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Wei
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sufang Peng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Lian
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Kang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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29
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Capozza M, Laforgia N, Rizzo V, Salvatore S, Guandalini S, Baldassarre M. Probiotics and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Pediatric Age: A Narrative Review. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:805466. [PMID: 35252059 PMCID: PMC8888932 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.805466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment and management of pain are essential components of pediatric care. Pain in pediatric age is characterized by relevant health and socio-economic consequences due to parental concern, medicalization, and long-term physical and psychological impact in children. Pathophysiological mechanisms of nociception include several pathways in which also individual perception and gut-brain axis seem to be involved. In this narrative review, we analyze the rational and the current clinical findings of probiotic use in the management of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) in pediatric age, with special focus on infantile colic, irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, and gastroesophageal reflux. Some specific probiotics showed a significant reduction in crying and fussing compared to placebo in breastfed infants with colic, although their exact mechanism of action in this disorder remains poorly understood. In irritable bowel syndrome, a limited number of studies showed that specific strains of probiotics can improve abdominal pain/discomfort and bloating/gassiness, although data are still scarce. As for constipation, whilst some strains appear to reduce the number of hard stools in constipated children, the evidence is not adequate to support the use of probiotics in the management of functional constipation. Similarly, although some probiotic strains could promote gastric emptying with a potential improvement of functional symptoms related to gastroesophageal reflux, current evidence is insufficient to provide any specific recommendation for the prevention or treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. In conclusion, probiotics have been proposed as part of management of pain in functional gastrointestinal disorders in pediatric age, but mechanisms are still poorly understood and evidence to guide clinical practice is currently inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Capozza
- Section of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Laforgia
- Section of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Rizzo
- Section of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Salvatore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Insubria, Ospedale “F. Del Ponte”, Varese, Italy
| | - Stefano Guandalini
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mariella Baldassarre
- Section of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
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30
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Araújo MM, Vogado CDO, Mendes MM, Gonçalves VSS, Botelho PB. Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis supplementation on gastrointestinal symptoms: systematic review with meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1619-1633. [PMID: 34918142 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms have been increasingly investigated, particularly that of Bifidobacterium animalis. Clinical trials so far have shown differing evidence regarding these effects in healthy adults. OBJECTIVE To synthesize the published evidence on the effects of B. animalis subspecies lactis on GI symptoms (GIS) in healthy adults. DATA SOURCE A search of the Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases was conducted for reports on randomized controlled trials published up to October 2021. DATA EXTRACTION Population characteristics and data on colonic transit time (CTT), stool consistency, defecation frequency, abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, volunteer compliance, and adverse events were extracted. A random-effects model was used to estimate the effect of probiotic treatment on these variables. DATA SYNTHESIS In total, 1551 studies were identified, of which 14 were included in the qualitative synthesis and 13 in the meta-analysis. Overall, probiotic supplementation increased defecation frequency (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.26; 95%CI, 0.13-0.39). Subgroup analysis revealed a decrease in CTT (SMD, -0.34; 95%CI, -0.62 to -0.07) in short-term treatment (≤14 d) and an improvement in stool consistency (SMD, 0.76; 95%CI, 0.44-1.08) in individuals without GIS. No improvement in abdominal pain and bloating was found. CONCLUSIONS B. animalis subspecies lactis supplementation may increase defecation frequency and, in short-term treatment, may reduce CTT in healthy adults and improve stool consistency in individuals without GIS. More high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to develop a clinical protocol for the use of this strain to improve these symptoms. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020154060.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maísa Miranda Araújo
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Carolina de Oliveira Vogado
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Marcela Moraes Mendes
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Vivian Siqueira Santos Gonçalves
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Borges Botelho
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
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Gröbner EM, Zeiler M, Fischmeister FPS, Kollndorfer K, Schmelz S, Schneider A, Haid-Stecher N, Sevecke K, Wagner G, Keller L, Adan R, Danner U, van Elburg A, van der Vijgh B, Kooij KL, Fetissov S, Andreani NA, Baines JF, Dempfle A, Seitz J, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Karwautz A. The effects of probiotics administration on the gut microbiome in adolescents with anorexia nervosa-A study protocol for a longitudinal, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2021; 30:61-74. [PMID: 34851002 PMCID: PMC9300207 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Knowledge on gut–brain interaction might help to develop new therapies for patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), as severe starvation‐induced changes of the microbiome (MI) do not normalise with weight gain. We examine the effects of probiotics supplementation on the gut MI in patients with AN. Method This is a study protocol for a two‐centre double‐blind randomized‐controlled trial comparing the clinical efficacy of multistrain probiotic administration in addition to treatment‐as‐usual compared to placebo in 60 patients with AN (13–19 years). Moreover, 60 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls are included in order to record development‐related changes. Assessments are conducted at baseline, discharge, 6 and 12 months after baseline. Assessments include measures of body mass index, psychopathology (including eating‐disorder‐related psychopathology, depression and anxiety), neuropsychological measures, serum and stool analyses. We hypothesise that probiotic administration will have positive effects on the gut microbiota and the treatment of AN by improvement of weight gain, gastrointestinal complaints and psychopathology, and reduction of inflammatory processes compared to placebo. Conclusions If probiotics could help to normalise the MI composition, reduce inflammation and gastrointestinal discomfort and increase body weight, its administration would be a readily applicable additional component of multi‐modal AN treatment. Patients with anorexia nervosa face profound alterations of the gut microbiome which does not normalise with weight gain. Alterations in the gut microbiome in patients with anorexia nervosa are linked to psychopathological symptoms and neurophysiological deficits, for example, related to the reward system. This is the first study examining the effects of probiotics administration in adolescents with anorexia nervosa using a randomized controlled trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Gröbner
- Eating Disorders Unit at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Zeiler
- Eating Disorders Unit at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Ph S Fischmeister
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Kollndorfer
- Eating Disorders Unit at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Schmelz
- Eating Disorders Unit at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Schneider
- Eating Disorders Unit at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Haid-Stecher
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Sevecke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gudrun Wagner
- Eating Disorders Unit at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lara Keller
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roger Adan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Unna Danner
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Serguei Fetissov
- Faculty of Sciences, INSERM UMR, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Nadia A Andreani
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Kiel University, Plön, Germany
| | - John F Baines
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Kiel University, Plön, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian Albrecht-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Unit at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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32
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Penumetcha SS, Ahluwalia S, Irfan R, Khan SA, Rohit Reddy S, Vasquez Lopez ME, Zahid M, Busmail A, Mohammed L. The Efficacy of Probiotics in the Management of Helicobacter Pylori: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2021; 13:e20483. [PMID: 35047301 PMCID: PMC8760009 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative microorganism that causes chronic dyspepsia, gastritis, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma. Various antibiotic regimens are employed to eradicate it; however, antibiotic resistance has skyrocketed in recent years, resulting in a reduction in eradication rates. As a result, numerous novel therapeutic approaches are being adopted in clinical practice, and probiotics are being extensively investigated. Probiotics are living bacteria that, when consumed, offer many medicinal advantages that may be accomplished by altering the amount or activity of gut flora. Their beneficial influence on gut health, immune system modulation, and cancer therapy is the subject of extensive investigation. This is owing to their perceived safety and simplicity of use. The primary objective of this review is to learn about and investigate the function of probiotics in the eradication of H. pylori, either alone or in conjunction with traditional treatments. Data have been collected from PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, and relevant articles have been chosen following the PRISMA guidelines. Our search resulted in 2489 records, of which 123 full-text articles were screened for eligibility. Two reviewers independently performed the quality appraisal of 16 relevant articles, and ultimately 11 high-quality studies are included in this review. In conclusion, probiotic monotherapy does not have a significant effect on the eradication rates of H. pylori, but in conjunction with standard treatment regimens, there was mild improvement in the eradication rates but a significant reduction of side effects due to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sri Penumetcha
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Saher Ahluwalia
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Rejja Irfan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Internal Medicine, Brooklyn Medical Services, New York, USA
| | - Sawleha Arshi Khan
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sai Rohit Reddy
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA.,School of Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, IND.,Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | - Maryam Zahid
- Research and Development, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Alberto Busmail
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Lubna Mohammed
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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33
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Deleemans JM, Gajtani Z, Baydoun M, Reimer RA, Piedalue KA, Carlson LE. The Use of Prebiotic and Probiotic Interventions for Treating Gastrointestinal and Psychosocial Health Symptoms in Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Systematic Review. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 20:15347354211061733. [PMID: 34844479 PMCID: PMC8649088 DOI: 10.1177/15347354211061733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer treatments can cause significant gastrointestinal (GI) health issues, and negatively affect patient's psychosocial health and quality of life (QOL). Novel, integrative strategies using prebiotics and probiotics have been explored for treating adverse cancer treatment-related side effects. We evaluated the current literature for interventions using prebiotics or probiotics specifically to treat GI and psychosocial health issues in cancer patients and survivors. METHODS Five databases (PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), CINHAL, PsychINFO, Web of Science) were searched for studies with prebiotic or probiotic interventions where GI and/or psychosocial health outcomes were measured in adult cancer patients and survivors, and published before September 12th 2021. RESULTS Twelve studies (N = 974 participants) meeting the inclusion criteria were identified (randomized controlled trials [n = 10], single-group pre-post studies [n = 2]). Ten studies were conducted with patients on active cancer treatment, and 2 studies treated patients after anti-cancer therapies. Three studies used prebiotics, 7 studies used probiotics, and 2 studies used a combination therapy. The most commonly used probiotic strains were from the Lactobacillus genus. There was minimal evidence for prebiotics to improve GI or psychosocial health. Probiotics were associated with significant improvements in abdominal pain (n = 2), gas/bloating (n = 2), and especially diarrhea (n = 5), and with improvements in anxiety (n = 1), depression (n = 1), fatigue (n = 1), and QOL (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS Studies specifically examining effects of prebiotics and probiotics on GI and psychosocial health outcomes are scarce. Probiotic intervention may improve some GI symptoms in cancer patients, and QOL in survivors. Controlled trials that consistently include GI and psychosocial health outcomes are needed.
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34
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Doherty A, Wall A, Khaldi N, Kussmann M. Artificial Intelligence in Functional Food Ingredient Discovery and Characterisation: A Focus on Bioactive Plant and Food Peptides. Front Genet 2021; 12:768979. [PMID: 34868255 PMCID: PMC8640466 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.768979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific research consistently demonstrates that diseases may be delayed, treated, or even prevented and, thereby, health may be maintained with health-promoting functional food ingredients (FFIs). Consumers are increasingly demanding sound information about food, nutrition, nutrients, and their associated health benefits. Consequently, a nutrition industry is being formed around natural foods and FFIs, the economic growth of which is increasingly driven by consumer decisions. Information technology, in particular artificial intelligence (AI), is primed to vastly expand the pool of characterised and annotated FFIs available to consumers, by systematically discovering and characterising natural, efficacious, and safe bioactive ingredients (bioactives) that address specific health needs. However, FFI-producing companies are lagging in adopting AI technology for their ingredient development pipelines for several reasons, resulting in a lack of efficient means for large-scale and high-throughput molecular and functional ingredient characterisation. The arrival of the AI-led technological revolution allows for the comprehensive characterisation and understanding of the universe of FFI molecules, enabling the mining of the food and natural product space in an unprecedented manner. In turn, this expansion of bioactives dramatically increases the repertoire of FFIs available to the consumer, ultimately resulting in bioactives being specifically developed to target unmet health needs.
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35
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Park JM, Han YM, Oh JY, Lee DY, Choi SH, Kim SJ, Hahm KB. Fermented kimchi rejuvenated precancerous atrophic gastritis via mitigating Helicobacter pylori-associated endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 69:158-170. [PMID: 34616108 PMCID: PMC8482386 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intervention to prevent Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-gastric cancer might be ideal by long-term intervention, rejuvenating action, and no risk of bacterial resistance. Stimulated with finding that kimchi prevented H. pylori-gastric cancer, we compared the efficacy of cancer preventive kimchi (cpkimchi) and standard recipe kimchi (skimchi) and the efficacy between fermented kimchi and non-fermented kimchi (kimuchi) in H. pylori-initiated gastric cancer model and explored novel mechanisms hinted from RNAseq transcriptome analysis. Animal models assessing gastric pathology on 24 and 36 weeks after H. pylori initiated, salt diet-promoted gastric mutagenesis model showed fermented cpkimchi afforded the best outcome of either rejuvenating atrophic gastritis or inhibiting tumorigenesis compared to skimchi and kimuchi. Highest inhibition of atrophic gastritis was achieved with cpkimchi, while significantly lower in kimuchi. Transcriptomic analysis showed ameliorated-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, -oxidative stress, and -apoptosis as major rejuvenating action of cpkimchi. Homogenates from animal model showed that elevated expressions of p-PERK, IRE, ATF6, p-elf, and XBP1 in control group, while significantly decreased with dietary intake of only cpkimchi. Significantly increased expressions of HO-1 and γ-GCS were only noted with cpkimchi. Conclusively, long-term dietary intervention of fermented cpkimchi can be potential way preventing H. pylori-associated carcinogenesis via rejuvenation of atrophic gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Park
- Daejeon University School of Oriental Medicine, Daehak-ro 62, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Korea
| | - Young Min Han
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, University-Industry Cooperate Building, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Korea
| | - Ji Young Oh
- CJ Food Research, CJ Blossom Park, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16471, Korea
| | - Dong Yoon Lee
- CJ Food Research, CJ Blossom Park, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16471, Korea
| | - Seung Hye Choi
- CJ Food Research, CJ Blossom Park, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16471, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Kim
- Medpacto Research Institute, Medpacto Inc., 92, Myeongdal-ro, Sheocho-gu, Seoul 06668, Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- Medpacto Research Institute, Medpacto Inc., 92, Myeongdal-ro, Sheocho-gu, Seoul 06668, Korea
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36
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Huang K, Wu L, Yang Y. Gut microbiota: An emerging biological diagnostic and treatment approach for gastrointestinal diseases. JGH Open 2021; 5:973-975. [PMID: 34584963 PMCID: PMC8454480 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology Civil Aviation General Hospital Beijing China
| | - Lili Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China
| | - Yunsheng Yang
- Microbiota Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China
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37
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Nesbitt H, Burke C, Haghi M. Manipulation of the Upper Respiratory Microbiota to Reduce Incidence and Severity of Upper Respiratory Viral Infections: A Literature Review. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:713703. [PMID: 34512591 PMCID: PMC8432964 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.713703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high incidence of upper respiratory viral infections in the human population, with infection severity being unique to each individual. Upper respiratory viruses have been associated previously with secondary bacterial infection, however, several cross-sectional studies analyzed in the literature indicate that an inverse relationship can also occur. Pathobiont abundance and/or bacterial dysbiosis can impair epithelial integrity and predispose an individual to viral infection. In this review we describe common commensal microorganisms that have the capacity to reduce the abundance of pathobionts and maintain bacterial symbiosis in the upper respiratory tract and discuss the potential and limitations of localized probiotic formulations of commensal bacteria to reduce the incidence and severity of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Nesbitt
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine Burke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehra Haghi
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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O'Connor LE, Gahche JJ, Herrick KA, Davis CD, Potischman N, Vargas AJ. Nonfood Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Use Has Increased in US Adults and Children From 1999 to 2018. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:476-486.e3. [PMID: 33895169 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Public interest in pre-, pro-, and synbiotic products is increasing because of interactions between gut microbiota and human health. Our aim was to describe nonfood (from dietary supplements or medication) pre-, pro-, and synbiotic use by US adults and children and reported reasons. METHODS Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we text-mined dietary supplement and prescription medication labels and ingredients to identify pre-, pro-, and synbiotic products used in the past 30 days. We describe trends in use from 1999 to 2018 (n = 101,199) and prevalence in 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 (n = 19,215) by age groups, sex, ethnicity/race, education, income, self-reported diet and health quality, and prescription gastrointestinal medication use stratified by children (<19 years) and adults (19+ years). RESULTS Nonfood pre-, pro-, and synbiotic use increased up to 3-fold in recent cycles. Prevalence of use for all ages for prebiotics was 2.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0-2.9), for probiotics was 4.5% (95% CI, 3.5-5.6), and for synbiotics was 1.1% (95% CI, 0.8-1.5). Use was highest among older adults (8.8% [95% CI, 5.4-13.3] among those aged 60-69 years for probiotics), non-Hispanic Whites, those with higher educational attainment and income, those with more favorable self-reported diet or health quality, and those with concurrent prescription gastrointestinal medication use. The top reasons for use were for digestive health and to promote/maintain general health. Less than 30% reported using these products based on a health care provider's recommendation. CONCLUSIONS One in 20 US adults or children use nonfood pre-, pro-, or synbiotic products, and use has sharply increased in recent years. Most individuals voluntarily take these products for general digestive or overall health reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E O'Connor
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jaime J Gahche
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kirsten A Herrick
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cindy D Davis
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nancy Potischman
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ashley J Vargas
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Validity and safety of ID-JPL934 in lower gastrointestinal symptom improvement. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13046. [PMID: 34158518 PMCID: PMC8219743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study evaluated the efficacy of ID-JPL934, a probiotic preparation containing Lactobacillus johnsonii IDCC 9203, Lactobacillus plantarum IDCC 3501 and Bifidobacterium lactis IDCC 4301, in relieving lower gastrointestinal symptoms. A total of 112 subjects with lower gastrointestinal symptoms were consecutively enrolled. They were randomized into either ID-JPL934 administration group or placebo group. Bristol stool form, stool frequency, and abnormal bowel movement symptoms were recorded at baseline and week 2, 6, and 8. Primary endpoint was improvement in overall symptoms at week 8. Fecal samples were collected to measure the probiotic levels in feces using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and to perform metagenomic analysis of microbiome originating from bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles and bacterial cells via 16S rDNA sequencing. Of the 112 subjects, 104 (54 in ID-JPL934 group and 50 in placebo group) completed the entire study protocol. A higher relief of overall symptoms was found in ID-JPL934 group than in placebo group (p = 0.016). Among lower gastrointestinal symptoms, abdominal pain and bloating scores were more decreased in ID-JPL934 group than in placebo group (p < 0.05). The fecal microbiome profiles of the two groups did not differ. However, the qPCR analysis showed significant increase in the levels of Lactobacillus johnsonii and Bifidobacterium lactis in feces post-treatment in ID-JPL934 group than in placebo group (p < 0.05 by repeated measure ANOVA). In conclusion, ID-JPL934 is effective in relieving lower gastrointestinal symptoms. Exposure to ID-JPL934 may increase the abundance of Lactobacillus johnsonii and Bifidobacterium lactis in the gut. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03395626.
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40
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Chung HG, Min YW, Lee C, Hong SN, Won JY, Jang JA, Kim CH, Chang DK. Effects of Novel Probiotics in a Murine Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021; 75:141-146. [PMID: 32209802 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2020.75.3.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims Dysbiosis is an important factor in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Several studies have reported promising results using probiotics for the treatment of IBS. This study evaluated the efficacy of novel probiotics isolated from Kimchi, a Korean fermented food, and the feces of healthy Vietnamese people in a murine model of IBS. Methods Lactobacillus paracasei DK121 was isolated from Kimchi, and L. salivarius V4 and L. plantarum V7 were isolated from the feces of healthy Vietnamese people residing in Korea. Forty rats were allocated to receive one of the study strains, a mixture of the strains, or the vehicle. After 5 days of administration, the rats were restrained in a cage to induce IBS. The effects of the probiotics on IBS were analyzed by evaluating the stool weights and stool consistency scores. Results The primary outcome was analyzed upon the completion of a three-week experiment. The rats in the V7 group showed lower stool weights than those in the control group at week 2 (median: 1.10 [V7] vs. 2.35 [control], p=0.04, Mann-Whitney U-test) and week 3 (median: 1.10 [V7] vs. 2.80 [control], p=0.017). The rats in the DK121 (median: 2.00, p=0.007), V7 (median: 2.00, p=0.004), and mixture (median: 1.50, p=0.001) groups showed better stool consistency scores at week 2 than the control group (median: 3.00). Conclusions The novel probiotics have beneficial effects on defecation in a murine model of IBS. Human studies confirming the efficacy are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Gyo Chung
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Won Min
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chansu Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Noh Hong
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Won
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jin Ah Jang
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Cheol-Hyun Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dong Kyung Chang
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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King MA, Rollo I, Baker LB. Nutritional considerations to counteract gastrointestinal permeability during exertional heat stress. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1754-1765. [PMID: 33955260 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00072.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier integrity and function are compromised during exertional heat stress (EHS) potentially leading to consequences that range from minor gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances to fatal outcomes in exertional heat stroke or septic shock. This mini-review provides a concise discussion of nutritional interventions that may protect against intestinal permeability during EHS and suggests physiological mechanisms responsible for this protection. Although diverse nutritional interventions have been suggested to be protective against EHS-induced GI permeability, the ingestion of certain amino acids, carbohydrates, and fluid per se is potentially effective strategy, whereas evidence for various polyphenols and pre/probiotics is developing. Plausible physiological mechanisms of protection include increased blood flow, epithelial cell proliferation, upregulation of intracellular heat shock proteins, modulation of inflammatory signaling, alteration of the GI microbiota, and increased expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins. Further clinical research is needed to propose specific nutritional candidates and recommendations for their application to prevent intestinal barrier disruption and elucidate mechanisms during EHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A King
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Barrington, Illinois
| | - Ian Rollo
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay B Baker
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Barrington, Illinois
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Livovsky DM, Azpiroz F. Gastrointestinal Contributions to the Postprandial Experience. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030893. [PMID: 33801924 PMCID: PMC7998507 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Food ingestion induces homeostatic sensations (satiety, fullness) with a hedonic dimension (satisfaction, changes in mood) that characterize the postprandial experience. Both types of sensation are secondary to intraluminal stimuli produced by the food itself, as well as to the activity of the digestive tract. Postprandial sensations also depend on the nutrient composition of the meal and on colonic fermentation of non-absorbed residues. Gastrointestinal function and the sensitivity of the digestive tract, i.e., perception of gut stimuli, are determined by inherent individual factors, e.g., sex, and can be modulated by different conditioning mechanisms. This narrative review examines the factors that determine perception of digestive stimuli and the postprandial experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan M. Livovsky
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain;
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
- ShaareZedek Medical Center, Digestive Diseases Institute, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Fernando Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-2746259
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Fukudo S, Okumura T, Inamori M, Okuyama Y, Kanazawa M, Kamiya T, Sato K, Shiotani A, Naito Y, Fujikawa Y, Hokari R, Masaoka T, Fujimoto K, Kaneko H, Torii A, Matsueda K, Miwa H, Enomoto N, Shimosegawa T, Koike K. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for irritable bowel syndrome 2020. J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:193-217. [PMID: 33538894 PMCID: PMC7932982 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-020-01746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Managing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has attracted international attention because single-agent therapy rarely relieves bothersome symptoms for all patients. The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology (JSGE) published the first edition of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for IBS in 2015. Much more evidence has accumulated since then, and new pharmacological agents and non-pharmacological methods have been developed. Here, we report the second edition of the JSGE-IBS guidelines comprising 41 questions including 12 background questions on epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria, 26 clinical questions on diagnosis and treatment, and 3 questions on future research. For each question, statements with or without recommendations and/or evidence level are given and updated diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms are provided based on new evidence. Algorithms for diagnosis are requisite for patients with chronic abdominal pain or associated symptoms and/or abnormal bowel movement. Colonoscopy is indicated for patients with one or more alarm symptoms/signs, risk factors, and/or abnormal routine examination results. The diagnosis is based on the Rome IV criteria. Step 1 therapy consists of diet therapy, behavioral modification, and gut-targeted pharmacotherapy for 4 weeks. For non-responders, management proceeds to step 2 therapy, which includes a combination of different mechanistic gut-targeted agents and/or psychopharmacological agents and basic psychotherapy for 4 weeks. Step 3 therapy is for non-responders to step 2 and comprises a combination of gut-targeted pharmacotherapy, psychopharmacological treatments, and/or specific psychotherapy. These updated JSGE-IBS guidelines present best practice strategies for IBS patients in Japan and we believe these core strategies can be useful for IBS diagnosis and treatment globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Fukudo
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan.
- Department of Behavioral Medicine Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Masahiko Inamori
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuyama
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Motoyori Kanazawa
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kamiya
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Ken Sato
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Akiko Shiotani
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Fujikawa
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Ryota Hokari
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Tastuhiro Masaoka
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuma Fujimoto
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaneko
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Akira Torii
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Kei Matsueda
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroto Miwa
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Enomoto
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome", The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
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Erdman KA, Jones KW, Madden RF, Gammack N, Parnell JA. Dietary Patterns in Runners with Gastrointestinal Disorders. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020448. [PMID: 33572891 PMCID: PMC7912258 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and reflux frequently experience gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS), potentially enhanced by high-intensity running. Food avoidances, food choices, and GIS in runners with IBS/IBD (n = 53) and reflux (n = 37) were evaluated using a reliability and validity tested questionnaire. Comparisons to a control group of runners (n = 375) were made using a Fisher’s Exact test. Runners with IBS/IBD experienced the greatest amount of exercise-induced GIS followed by those with reflux. Commonly reported GIS were stomach pain/cramps (77%; 53%), bloating (52%; 50%), intestinal pain/cramps (58%; 33%), and diarrhea (58%; 39%) in IBS/IBD and reflux groups respectively. In the pre-race meal, those with IBS/IBD frequently avoided milk products (53%), legumes (37%), and meat (31%); whereas, runners with reflux avoided milk (38%), meat (36%), and high-fibre foods (33%). When considering food choices pre-race, runners with IBS/IBD chose grains containing gluten (40%), high fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) fruits (38%), and water (38%). Runners with reflux chose water (51%), grains containing gluten (37%), and eggs (31%). In conclusion, while many runners with IBS/IBD and reflux are avoiding trigger foods in their pre-race meals, they are also consuming potentially aggravating foods, suggesting nutrition advice may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robyn F. Madden
- Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada; (R.F.M.); (N.G.); (J.A.P.)
| | - Nancy Gammack
- Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada; (R.F.M.); (N.G.); (J.A.P.)
| | - Jill A. Parnell
- Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada; (R.F.M.); (N.G.); (J.A.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Zommiti M, Feuilloley MGJ, Connil N. Update of Probiotics in Human World: A Nonstop Source of Benefactions till the End of Time. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1907. [PMID: 33266303 PMCID: PMC7760123 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known for their biotechnological potential. Moreover, LAB are distinguished by amazing criteria: Adjusting the intestinal environment, inhibiting pathogenic microbes in the gastrointestinal tract, ability to reduce pathogen adhesion activity, improving the balance of the microbiota inside the intestine, capabilities of regulating intestinal mucosal immunity, and maintaining intestinal barrier function. The escalating number of research and studies about beneficial microorganisms and their impact on promoting health has attracted a big interest in the last decades. Since antiquity, various based fermented products of different kinds have been utilized as potential probiotic products. Nevertheless, the current upsurge in consumers' interest in bioalternatives has opened new horizons for the probiotic field in terms of research and development. The present review aims at shedding light on the world of probiotics, a continuous story of astonishing success in various fields, in particular, the biomedical sector and pharmaceutical industry, as well as to display the importance of probiotics and their therapeutic potential in purpose to compete for sturdy pathogens and to struggle against diseases and acute infections. Shadows and future trends of probiotics use are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zommiti
- Unité de Protéomique Fonctionnelle et Potentiel Nutraceutique de la Biodiversité de Tunisie, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Marc G. J. Feuilloley
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Evreux, France; (M.G.J.F.); (N.C.)
| | - Nathalie Connil
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement (LMSM) EA 4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Evreux, France; (M.G.J.F.); (N.C.)
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Byrne DF, Geraghty AA, Yelverton CA, Murphy EF, Van Sinderen D, Cotter PD, McAuliffe FM. The impact of probiotic supplementation on metabolic health in healthy women of reproductive age: a systematic review. Food Funct 2020; 11:10279-10289. [PMID: 33174573 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01727b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Products containing probiotics are targeted at healthy or at-risk individuals as a preventative measure to minimise disease risk. Most studies assessing the efficacy of probiotics in humans include a mixture of healthy and unhealthy populations, while studies that focus solely on female populations are largely limited to pregnancy or those with health conditions. Pre-conception is a significant time-point during the life-course, and improving female health status during this period may positively influence future offspring. The objective of this review is to assess the effect of probiotics administered in oral capsule formulation, on metabolic and immune markers in healthy, non-pregnant women of reproductive age. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Pubmed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies. English language articles relating to randomised-controlled trials were included. The search returned 3250 publications after duplicates were removed. Title (2516), abstract (642), and full text (87) screening excluded 3993 studies from consideration. Five papers were identified with outcomes of interest, and analysis of these showed no conclusive evidence that probiotic capsule supplementation elicited positive effects in this healthy population. This study highlights the need for further research to investigate the role that probiotics play during the pre-conception period, on female metabolic and immune health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Byrne
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Effect of Combined Live Probiotics Alleviating the Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Functional Bowel Disorders. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:4181748. [PMID: 33014039 PMCID: PMC7519468 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4181748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Changes of the gut microbiota are related to the pathogenesis of functional bowel disorders (FBDs), and probiotic supplementation may be an effective treatment option. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of combined live probiotics on the gastrointestinal symptoms of FBDs via altering the gut microbiota. Methods Patients with the gastrointestinal symptoms of FBDs attending the Outpatient Department, from July to November 2019, were recruited. After the bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder and colonoscopy, patients with normal result of colonoscopy were randomly divided into the probiotics group and control group. Patients in the probiotics group were prescribed with combined live Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium enteric-coated capsules for 4 weeks. Small intestinal bacteria overgrowth (SIBO) was measured by lactulose hydrogen breath test, and the microbial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples and the bacteria were classified by 16S rDNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results Twenty-five patients of each group were recruited, and there was no significant difference between the probiotics and control groups on baseline gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS), positive rate of SIBO, and relative abundances of the gut microbiota at the phylum level. After 4 weeks of treatment, the values of the probiotics and control groups were as follows: GSRS 1.4 ± 1.4 and 3.6 ± 1.6 and positive rate of SIBO 28.0% and 56.0%, respectively. The median relative abundances of the gut microbiota were 1.01% and 5.03% Actinobacteria and 43.80% and 35.17% Bacteroidetes at the phylum level; 0.76% and 3.29% Bifidobacterium, 0.13% and 0.89% Cillinsella, 0.03% and 0.01% Enterococcus, 0.18% and 0.36% Lachnospiraceae, 0.10% and 0.16% Ruminococcus torques group, 1.31% and 2.44% Blautia, and 0.83% and 2.02% Fusicatenibacter at the genus level (P < 0.05), respectively. Conclusion Combined live probiotic supplementation after the bowel preparation can alter the gut microbiota, decontaminate SIBO, and alleviate the gastrointestinal symptoms of FBDs. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1900026472.
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Han YM, A Kang E, Min Park J, Young Oh J, Yoon Lee D, Hye Choi S, Baik Hahm K. Dietary intake of fermented kimchi prevented colitis-associated cancer. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 67:263-273. [PMID: 33293767 PMCID: PMC7705092 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kimchi is composed of various chemopreventive phytochemicals and profuse probiotics, defining kimchi as probiotic foods. Concerns had increased on the modulation of intestinal microbiota on various kinds of systemic diseases. Under the hypothesis that dietary intake of kimchi can be ideal intervention for either ameliorating colitis or preventing colitic cancer, we performed the study to validate the efficolitic cancery of fermented kimchi on preventing colitic cancer. Using azoxymethane-initiated and dextran sulfate sodium-promoted colitic cancer models, we have administrated fermented or non-fermented kimchi to modulate colitic cancer preemptively. Detailed molecular mechanisms were explored. Preemptive administration of fermented kimchi significantly afforded colitic cancer prevention through attenuating inflammasomes (IL-18, IL-1β, caspase-1), enhancing antioxidative (NQO1, GST-π), imposing anti-proliferative (Bax, caspase-3, β-catenin), and affording cytoprotective actions (HSP70, 15-PGDH), while non-fermented kimchi did not prevent colitic cancer. Special recipe cancer preventive kimchi (cpkimchi) was more effective compared to standard recipe fermented kimchi (p<0.01), while non-fermented kimchi (kimuchi) worsened colitic cancer development, telling the importance of fermentation in cancer prevention. Repression of NF-kB p65, induction of tumor suppressive 15-PGDH, and inactivation of ERK1/2 by cpkimchi contributed to colitic cancer prevention. Dietary intake of cpkimchi ameliorated colitis and prevented colitic cancer via concerted anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-mutagenic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Han
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, University-Industry Cooperate Building, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03759, Korea
| | - Eun A Kang
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, 330 Pangyo-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, Korea
| | - Jong Min Park
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, 330 Pangyo-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, Korea
| | - Ji Young Oh
- CJ Food Research Center, CJ Blossome Park, Gwangyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16495, Korea
| | - Dong Yoon Lee
- CJ Food Research Center, CJ Blossome Park, Gwangyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16495, Korea
| | - Seung Hye Choi
- CJ Food Research Center, CJ Blossome Park, Gwangyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16495, Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, 330 Pangyo-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, Korea.,Medpacto Research Institute, Medpacto Inc., 92, Myeongdal-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Žuntar I, Petric Z, Bursać Kovačević D, Putnik P. Safety of Probiotics: Functional Fruit Beverages and Nutraceuticals. Foods 2020; 9:E947. [PMID: 32708933 PMCID: PMC7404568 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, fruit juice consumption has increased. Their rise in popularity can be attributed to the belief that they are a quick way to consuming a dietary portion of fruit. Probiotics added to fruit juices produce various bioactive compounds, thus probiotic fruit juices can be considered as a new type of functional foods. Such combinations could improve nutritional properties and provide health benefits of fruit juices, due to delivering positive health attributes from both sources (fruit juices and probiotics). However, this review discusses the other side of the same coin, i.e., the one that challenges general beliefs that probiotics are undoubtedly safe. This topic deserves more acknowledgments from the medical and nutritional literature, as it is highly important for health care professionals and nutritionists who must be aware of potential probiotic issues. Still, clinical trials have not adequately questioned the safety of probiotics, as they are generally considered safe. Therefore, this reviews aims to give an evidence-based perspective of probiotic safety, focusing on probiotic fruit beverages and nutraceuticals, by providing documented clinical case reports and studies. Finally, the paper deals with some additional insights from the pharmacological and toxicological point of views, such as pharmacological repercussions of probiotics on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Žuntar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Zvonimir Petric
- Unit of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Department of Pharmacology at the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden;
| | - Danijela Bursać Kovačević
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Predrag Putnik
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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50
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Wen Y, Li J, Long Q, Yue CC, He B, Tang XG. The efficacy and safety of probiotics for patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on seventeen randomized controlled trials. Int J Surg 2020; 79:111-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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