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Pang B, Li L, Liu X, Cao Z, Pang T, Wang Q, Wei J. Association between serum vitamin D level and Graves' disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J 2024; 23:60. [PMID: 38849834 PMCID: PMC11157715 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aims to analyze the relationship between serum vitamin D (VD) levels and Graves' disease (GD). METHODS We conducted a search for publications on VD and GD in the English language. Our search encompassed databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, covering publications available through August 2023. A meta-analysis was performed using Cochrane RevMan 5.4 software. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for outcome calculation. We used R software to test for publication bias. RESULTS Twelve studies were selected, comprising 937 (22.4%) cases with GD and 3254 (77.6%) controls. The overall meta-analysis revealed that patients with GD are significantly more likely to have low VD levels (SMD = - 0.66; 95% CI: -1.05, - 0.27; p = 0.001) than those in the control group. Egger's test results indicated no publication bias (p = 0.0791). These studies exhibited a high degree of heterogeneity (chi-square = 205.86, p < 0.00001; I2 = 95%). Subgroup analysis was conducted based on assay method, geographic location, and mean age of the case group to explore the heterogeneity sources. Assay methods and geographic locations were identified as potential heterogeneity sources. Based on the mean age, there were no statistically significant differences found in the subgroup analysis of the included studies. CONCLUSION There is promising evidence that low serum VD levels may increase the risk of GD. Further rigorous and long-term trials are needed to explore the role of VD in the onset and treatment of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxian Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate school, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Leyang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Bioscience Department, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Zhengmin Cao
- Infections Disease Section, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tieliang Pang
- Beijing Anding hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Junping Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Yangin Ergon E, Dorum BA, Balki HG, Bako D, Alkan Ozdemir S. A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study on the Vitamin D Status of Neonates and the Impact of Neonates' Standard Vitamin D Supplementation on Neonatal Morbidities. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:543. [PMID: 38790538 PMCID: PMC11119383 DOI: 10.3390/children11050543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to determine whether standard-dose vitamin D supplementation could provide adequate levels in exclusively breastfed infants born with different cord 25(OH)D levels and to evaluate related neonatal morbidities. (2) Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was designed in term infants. Three groups were formed based on cord 25(OH)D levels; Group1 Deficiency:25(OH)D < 12 ng/mL, Group2 Insufficiency:25(OH)D = 12-19 ng/mL, and Group3 Optimum:25(OH)D = 20-100 ng/mL. Cord and 1st month 25(OH)D levels, after receiving standard-dose vitamin D prophylaxis, neonatal outcomes and anthropometric measurements were compared. (3) Results: The study involved 86 infants. Group1 Deficiency had also significantly lower 25(OH)D levels at 1st month compared to the others (p < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between cord and 1st month 25(OH)D levels (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). Despite the fact that the mother's age and clothing style were similar, Group1 Deficiency mothers had higher parity numbers and used less vitamin D during pregnancy (p = 0.03, p = 0.04). Neonatal outcomes analysis revealed that newborns in Group1 Deficiency experienced more respiratory distress, transient tachypnea, and early-onset sepsis, as well as more and longer hospital stays in the first-month of life (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Infants with low cord 25(OH)D levels had also lower 25(OH)D values in the 1st month of life and experienced higher rates of neonatal morbidities. Given its numerous biological activities and impact on neonatal morbidities, determining an individualized dose of vitamin D supplementation may be more accurate than using the standard approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Yangin Ergon
- Clinic of Neonatology, T.C. Ministry of Health, Van Provincial Health Directorate, H.S.U. Van Training and Research Hospital, Van 65300, Turkey;
| | - Bayram Ali Dorum
- Clinic of Neonatology, T.C. Ministry of Health, Van Provincial Health Directorate, H.S.U. Van Training and Research Hospital, Van 65300, Turkey;
| | - Hanife Gul Balki
- Clinic of Pediatrics, T.C. Ministry of Health, Van Provincial Health Directorate, H.S.U. Van Training and Research Hospital, Van 65300, Turkey;
| | - Derya Bako
- Clinic of Pediatric Radiology, T.C. Ministry of Health, Van Provincial Health Directorate, H.S.U. Van Training and Research Hospital, Van 65300, Turkey;
| | - Senem Alkan Ozdemir
- Clinic of Neonatology, T.C. Ministry of Health, Izmir Provincial Health Directorate, H.S.U. Dr Behcet Uz Pediatric Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir 35210, Turkey;
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Alharbi SS, Albalawi AA, Al Madshush AM, Alsaidalani WMH, Aljohani OS, Alaradi AR, Alatawi AA, Albalawi RS, Alanazi LA, Albalawi HS, Asiri AE, Zamel MS, Hussain S. Association Between Lower Levels of Vitamin D and Inflammation in the Geriatric Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e60892. [PMID: 38910627 PMCID: PMC11193107 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
There have been suggestions that vitamin D has anti-inflammatory effects; however, the variabilities of vitamin D levels among specific groups of patients and its association with these inflammatory events have not been demonstrated. This study aims to study the association between vitamin D levels and vitamin D deficiency and inflammatory events among the elderly population. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and ClinicalKey were systematically searched in December 2023 to include the relevant data. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 3.0, Biostat, Inc., Englewood, NJ) was the software used for data analyses. A total of 12 studies were included in this analysis with 14,717 elderly patients. There was an overall significant decrease in vitamin D levels in elderly patients with high inflammatory markers compared to controls (Hedges' g = -0.221, 95% CI: -0.268, -0.173, P < 0.001), and event of vitamin D deficiency was found to be 0.321 (95% CI: 0.305, 0.337, P < 0.001). There is a significant decrease in vitamin D levels among the elderly with different inflammatory conditions. Future longitudinal studies and well-designed, large, randomized controlled trials are required to study the association between vitamin D deficiency and the incidence of inflammatory events in this specific group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud Salman Alharbi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hadeel S Albalawi
- Faculty of General Medicine and Surgery, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, SAU
| | - Ahmad E Asiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | - Mohammed S Zamel
- Department of Family Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | - Saud Hussain
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
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4
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Fakhoury HMA, Arabi TZ, Tamim H, Chun RF, Grant WB, Hewison M, AlAnouti F, Pilz S, Annweiler C, Tzimagiorgis G, Haitoglou C, Karras SN. Associations of free, bioavailable and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D with neonatal birth anthropometry and calcium homoeostasis in mother-child pairs in a sunny Mediterranean region. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:801-808. [PMID: 37880994 PMCID: PMC10864994 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452300243x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient vitamin D status is crucial for successful pregnancy and fetal development. The assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations is commonly used to evaluate vitamin D status. Our objective was to examine the interrelated biodynamics of maternal and neonatal total, free and bioavailable 25(OH)D in maternal-neonatal dyads at birth and their associations with homeostasis and neonatal birth anthropometry. We analysed a cohort of seventy full-term mother-child pairs. We found positive associations between all neonatal measures of vitamin D status. Maternal forms exhibited a similar pattern of association, except for the bioavailable maternal form. In multivariate analysis, both total and free maternal 25(OH)D concentrations were correlated with all neonatal forms (neonatal total 25(OH)D: 1·29 (95 % CI, 1·12, 1·46) for maternal total 25(OH)D, 10·89 (8·16, 13·63) for maternal free 25(OH)D), (neonatal free 25(OH)D: 0·15 for maternal total 25(OH)D, 1·28 (95 % CI, 0·89, 1·68) for maternal free 25(OH)D) and (0·13 (95 % CI, 0·10, 0·16), 1·06 (95 % CI, 0·68, 1·43) for maternal free 25(OH)D), respectively, with the exclusion of the bioavailable maternal form. We observed no significant interactions within or between groups regarding maternal and neonatal vitamin D parameters and maternal calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations, and neonatal birth anthropometry. Our study indicates that bioavailable maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D have no significant effects on vitamin D equilibrium, Ca homeostasis and neonatal anthropometry at birth. However, we observed an interaction between maternal and neonatal total and free 25(OH)D concentrations at the maternal-neonatal interface, with no associations observed with other calciotropic or anthropometric outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M. A. Fakhoury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Ziad Arabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Tamim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rene F. Chun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA94164-1603, USA
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fatme AlAnouti
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research InstituteAbu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Cedric Annweiler
- UNIV ANGERS, UPRES EA 4638, University of Angers, Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Georgios Tzimagiorgis
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Costas Haitoglou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spyridon N. Karras
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Sha S, Chen LJ, Brenner H, Schöttker B. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status and Vitamin D Supplements Use Are Not Associated with Low Back Pain in the Large UK Biobank Cohort. Nutrients 2024; 16:806. [PMID: 38542718 PMCID: PMC10974643 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal studies assessing the association of vitamin D deficiency, defined by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels < 30 nmol/L, and vitamin D supplement (VDS) use with low back pain (LBP) are sparse. This investigation assessed the cross-sectional and longitudinal association of vitamin D status and VDS use with LBP among 135,934 participants from the UK Biobank cohort. Approximately 21.6% of the participants had vitamin D deficiency, while only 4% regularly took VDS. In the month before study enrollment, 3.8% of the population reported experiencing LBP. An additional 3.3% of the population were diagnosed with LBP by their general practitioners for the first time during a median follow-up of 8.5 years. Vitamin D deficiency and VDS use were cross-sectionally associated with LBP in age- and sex-adjusted models, but these associations were not evident in comprehensively adjusted models. In longitudinal analyses, both vitamin D deficiency and VDS use were not associated with LBP in any model after correction for multiple testing. In conclusion, not unexpectedly due to the fact that LBP is multifactorial, our findings provide no evidence for the role of the vitamin D status in the etiology of LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Sha
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (L.-J.C.); (H.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Li-Ju Chen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (L.-J.C.); (H.B.)
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (L.-J.C.); (H.B.)
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (L.-J.C.); (H.B.)
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6
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Özbudak P, Karataş Ö, Kaçar C. Evaluation of 25(OH) vitamin D3 and quadriceps strength correlation in postmenopausal women: A cross-sectional study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2024; 37:679-686. [PMID: 38217574 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-230172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is common in postmenopausal women and is associated with low vitamin D intake, increased age, decreased absorption. Especially at advanced age, vitamin D deficiency may increase muscle weakness and disbalance resulting in increased risk of fracture. OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore the correlation between 25(OH) vitamin D3 levels and quadriceps muscle strength in postmenopausal women. METHODS We evaluated bilateral qadriceps muscle strength in postmenopausal women with isokinetic test. We evaluated the correlation of muscle power with measurements of parathormone, vitamin D, Calcium, creatinine, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total creatine kinase. RESULTS The mean vitamin D level of 95 participants included in the study was 18.24 ± 8.94 ng/ml. Vitamin D levels were found to be deficient (< 10 ng/ml) in 23 (24.1%), insufficient in 62 (65.26%) and normal in 10 (10.53%) of the 95 participants. A weak negative correlation was observed between participants' vitamin D levels and PT values (r=-0.271, p= 0.012). A moderate negative correlation was found between ALP and vitamin D levels (r=-0.317, p= 0.002). However, there was no significant correlation between vitamin D levels and the 60∘ and 90∘ flexion and extension peak torque values (All p values > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D levels and muscle strength weren't statistically significant. Few studies are available in the related literature, highlighting the need for further research to achieve a clearer consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Özbudak
- Faculty of Medicine, Gazipaşa Public Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Gazipaşa Public Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Özlem Karataş
- Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Cahit Kaçar
- Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Gazipaşa Public Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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7
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Carletti A, Gavaia PJ, Cancela ML, Laizé V. Metabolic bone disorders and the promise of marine osteoactive compounds. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 81:11. [PMID: 38117357 PMCID: PMC10733242 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic bone disorders and associated fragility fractures are major causes of disability and mortality worldwide and place an important financial burden on the global health systems. These disorders result from an unbalance between bone anabolic and resorptive processes and are characterized by different pathophysiological mechanisms. Drugs are available to treat bone metabolic pathologies, but they are either poorly effective or associated with undesired side effects that limit their use. The molecular mechanism underlying the most common metabolic bone disorders, and the availability, efficacy, and limitations of therapeutic options currently available are discussed here. A source for the unmet need of novel drugs to treat metabolic bone disorders is marine organisms, which produce natural osteoactive compounds of high pharmaceutical potential. In this review, we have inventoried the marine osteoactive compounds (MOCs) currently identified and spotted the groups of marine organisms with potential for MOC production. Finally, we briefly examine the availability of in vivo screening and validation tools for the study of MOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Carletti
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Paulo Jorge Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Associação Oceano Verde (GreenCoLab), Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
- Collaborative Laboratory for Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture (S2AQUAcoLAB), Olhão, Portugal.
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Campbell R, Curran C, Hayward J, Godwin J, Johnston S, Armstrong J, Collier A. How effective is public health policy in Scotland on vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy? Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:3311-3319. [PMID: 37881857 PMCID: PMC10755384 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023002227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the uptake of universal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy, its effectiveness in preventing vitamin D deficiency and the factors associated with these. DESIGN The regional public health organisation in Ayrshire, Scotland has a policy of universal provision of vitamin D supplements (10 µg/d) to all pregnant women for the duration of their pregnancy. Pregnant women in this area were recruited at their 12-week antenatal appointment. Blood samples were collected at the 12-week and 34-week appointments. To account for the seasonal variation, women were recruited in two cohorts: summer and winter. Telephone interviews were conducted at 34 weeks to assess the uptake of vitamin D supplements during pregnancy. Other variables were obtained from medical records. SETTING The study was conducted in the NHS Ayrshire and Arran Health Board in Scotland. PARTICIPANTS 612 pregnant women (aged 15-44 years) living in Ayrshire (latitude 55°), Scotland. RESULTS Sixty-six percentage took supplementation as recommended. Consumption of supplementation was significantly associated with a higher median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations at 34 weeks. Despite this at 34 weeks, 33 % of the summer cohort had insufficient or deficient vitamin D status, while 15 % of the winter cohort had insufficient or deficient status. In multivariable analysis, only adherence and season were independent predictors of vitamin D status. CONCLUSIONS While supplementation improved and maintained vitamin D status during pregnancy, it was not adequate to ensure all those insufficient at 12 weeks achieved sufficient status at the end of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Campbell
- Department of Public Health, NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ailsa Hospital, Dalmellington Road, AyrKA6 6AB, UK
| | - Christopher Curran
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital Ayr, NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Dalmellington Road, AyrKA6 6DX, UK
| | - Jonathan Hayward
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital Ayr, NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Dalmellington Road, AyrKA6 6DX, UK
| | - Jon Godwin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, OxfordOX3 7LF, UK
| | - Susan Johnston
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 84 Castle St, GlasgowG4 0SF, UK
| | - Julie Armstrong
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK
| | - Andrew Collier
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital Ayr, NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Dalmellington Road, AyrKA6 6DX, UK
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK
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Mikola T, Marx W, Lane MM, Hockey M, Loughman A, Rajapolvi S, Rocks T, O'Neil A, Mischoulon D, Valkonen-Korhonen M, Lehto SM, Ruusunen A. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on depressive symptoms in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11784-11801. [PMID: 35816192 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2096560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurosteroid and immunological actions of vitamin D may regulate depression-linked physiology. Meta-analyses investigating the effect of vitamin D on depression have been inconsistent. This meta-analysis investigated the efficacy of vitamin D in reducing depressive symptoms among adults in randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCT). General and clinical populations, and studies of ill individuals with systemic diseases were included. Light therapy, co-supplementation (except calcium) and bipolar disorder were exclusionary. Databases Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL and The Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant articles in English published before April 2022. Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2) and GRADE were used to appraise studies. Forty-one RCTs (n = 53,235) were included. Analyses based on random-effects models were performed with the Comprehensive Meta-analysis Software. Results for main outcome (n = 53,235) revealed a positive effect of vitamin D on depressive symptoms (Hedges' g = -0.317, 95% CI [-0.405, -0.230], p < 0.001, I2 = 88.16%; GRADE: very low certainty). RoB assessment was concerning in most studies. Notwithstanding high heterogeneity, vitamin D supplementation ≥ 2,000 IU/day appears to reduce depressive symptoms. Future research should investigate possible benefits of augmenting standard treatments with vitamin D in clinical depression. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020149760. Funding: Finnish Medical Foundation, grant 4120 and Juho Vainio Foundation, grant 202100353.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Mikola
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Melissa M Lane
- Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Meghan Hockey
- Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Amy Loughman
- Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sanna Rajapolvi
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tetyana Rocks
- Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - David Mischoulon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Minna Valkonen-Korhonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Soili M Lehto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- R&D department, Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Ruusunen
- Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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10
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Mustafa A, Shekhar C. Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency and Their Relative Importance among Indian Adolescents: An Application of Dominance Analysis. Int J Endocrinol 2023; 2023:4209369. [PMID: 37881405 PMCID: PMC10597726 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4209369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a serious issue in developing nations, including India. This study investigates the determinants of vitamin D deficiency among Indian adolescents and assesses their relative importance using dominance analysis. Data from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS) conducted between 2016 and 2018 were utilized in this study. Vitamin D levels were assessed based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, with a sample size encompassing 13,065 adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years. Backward stepwise multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the correlates of vitamin D deficiency, and the relative importance of these factors was assessed using dominance analysis. The study identified nine predictors that were significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency at a 1% level of significance (α = 0.001). Among these factors, sex was found to be the most significant predictor, with female adolescents being 2.66 (95% CI: 95% CI: 2.39-2.96) times more likely to be vitamin D deficient compared to male adolescents. Lifestyle and behavioral factors, such as "sex," "wealth index," and "place of residence," were more dominant in predicting vitamin D deficiency than biological indicators like "BMI" and "serum creatinine." This underscores the vital role of sunlight exposure in maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels. In summary, this study sheds light on the multifaceted factors contributing to vitamin D deficiency among Indian adolescents, emphasizing the significance of targeted interventions and public health awareness campaigns to mitigate this pressing issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akif Mustafa
- International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, India
| | - Chander Shekhar
- Department of Fertility, International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, India
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11
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Rupprecht M, Wagenpfeil S, Schöpe J, Vieth R, Vogt T, Reichrath J. Meta-Analysis of European Clinical Trials Characterizing the Healthy-Adult Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Response to Vitamin D Supplementation. Nutrients 2023; 15:3986. [PMID: 37764770 PMCID: PMC10537880 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To obtain reliable data that allow health authorities to re-evaluate recommendations for oral vitamin D uptake, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the impact of supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in healthy adults in Europe. Of the publications identified (n = 4005) in our literature search (PUBMED, through 2 January 2022), 49 primary studies (7320 subjects, 73 study arms) were eligible for inclusion in our meta-analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB tool based on seven categories, according to which each study is rated using three grades, and overall was rated as rather low. The median duration of intervention was 136.78 days (range, 1088 days); the mean weighted baseline 25(OH)D concentration and mean age were 33.01 vs. 33.84 nmol/L and 46.8 vs. 44.8 years in the vitamin D and placebo groups, respectively. Using random-effects models, 25(OH)D levels were increased by 36.28 nmol/L (95% CI 31.97-40.59) in the vitamin D group compared to the placebo, with a relative serum increment of 1.77 nmol/L per 2.5 μg of vitamin D daily. Notably, the relative serum 25(OH)D increment was affected by various factors, including the dosage and baseline serum 25(OH)D concentration, decreasing with increasing vitamin D doses and with increasing baseline serum levels. We estimate that supplementation in all healthy adults in Europe with appr. 25 μg of vitamin D (1000 IU) daily would raise serum 25(OH)D levels in 95% of the population to ≥50 nmol/L. Our work provides health authorities with reliable data that can help to re-evaluate recommendations for oral vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rupprecht
- Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Health Management, German University for Prevention and Health Management (DHfPG), 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Schöpe
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Vieth
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Reichrath
- Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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12
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Haghighat N, Sohrabi Z, Bagheri R, Akbarzadeh M, Esmaeilnezhad Z, Ashtary-Larky D, Barati-Boldaji R, Zare M, Amini M, Hosseini SV, Wong A, Foroutan H. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Vitamin D Status of Patients with Severe Obesity in Various Regions Worldwide. Obes Facts 2023; 16:519-539. [PMID: 37640022 PMCID: PMC10697766 DOI: 10.1159/000533828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Managing nutritional deficiencies is an essential component in the treatment of severe obesity. Vitamin D deficiency is often reported in investigations in severely obese cohorts. However, no prior study has summarized findings on this topic. Consequently, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status in individuals with severe obesity in different regions worldwide. We also evaluated levels of calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and magnesium as secondary outcome measures. METHODS We searched Medline, PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE for relevant observational studies published in English from 2009 to October 2021. The heterogeneity index among the studies was determined using the Cochran (Q) and I2 tests. Based on the heterogeneity results, the random-effect model was applied to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. RESULTS We identified 109 eligible observational studies. Overall, 59.44% of patients had vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D <20 ng/mL], whereas 26.95% had vitamin D insufficiency [25(OH)D 20-30 ng/mL]. Moreover, the mean 25(OH)D level was 18.65 ng/mL in 96 studies. The pooled mean estimate of the serum calcium, PTH, and magnesium was 9.26 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.19-9.32, I2 = 99.7%, p < 0.001), 59.24 pg/mL (95% CI: 54.98, 63.51, I2 = 99.7%, p < 0.001), and 0.91 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.84, 0.98, I2 = 100.0%, p < 0.001), respectively. The results of the subgroup analysis indicated that the mean estimates of 25(OH)D were highest in North America (21.71 ng/mL [19.69, 23.74], [I2 = 97.2%, p < 0.001]) and lowest in Southeast Asia (14.93 ng/mL [14.54, 15.33], [I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.778]). CONCLUSION The results obtained showed a significant prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among severely obese individuals in various geographical regions, whereas the highest and lowest mean estimates were reported for North America and Southeast Asia, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Haghighat
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Sohrabi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Akbarzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Esmaeilnezhad
- Department of Community Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Barati-Boldaji
- Department of Community Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Morteza Zare
- Department of Community Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Amini
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Hamidreza Foroutan
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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Pryor Y, Lindo J. Deconstructing Eurocentrism in skin pigmentation research via the incorporation of diverse populations and theoretical perspectives. Evol Anthropol 2023; 32:195-205. [PMID: 37450551 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of skin pigmentation has been shaped by numerous biological and cultural shifts throughout human history. Vitamin D is considered a driver of depigmentation evolution in humans, given the deleterious health effects associated with vitamin D deficiency, which is often shaped by cultural factors. New advancements in genomics and epigenomics have opened the door to a deeper exploration of skin pigmentation evolution in both contemporary and ancient populations. Data from ancient Europeans has offered great context to the spread of depigmentation alleles via the evaluation of migration events and cultural shifts that occurred during the Neolithic. However, novel insights can further be gained via the inclusion of diverse ancient and contemporary populations. Here we present on how potential biases and limitations in skin pigmentation research can be overcome with the integration of interdisciplinary data that includes both cultural and biological elements, which have shaped the evolutionary history of skin pigmentation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemko Pryor
- Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John Lindo
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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14
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Calcaterra V, Magenes VC, Tagi VM, Grazi R, Bianchi A, Cena H, Zuccotti G, Fabiano V. Association between Vitamin D Levels, Puberty Timing, and Age at Menarche. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1243. [PMID: 37508740 PMCID: PMC10378582 DOI: 10.3390/children10071243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Pubertal development represents the process of physical maturation where an adolescent reaches sexual maturity and attains reproductive function. The effects of vitamin D are mainly mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is expressed in almost all body cells, including the ovary and human pituitary gland and animal hypothalamus. Thus, vitamin D has gained great interest as pathogenic factor of pubertal disorders and fertility. This narrative review aimed to provide a broad overview of the available literature regarding the association between vitamin D levels, puberty timing, and age at menarche. A review of the data on the involvement of micronutrient deficiency, as a modifiable cause of pubertal disorders, is important for the prediction and prevention of deficiencies as well as for fertility protection and should be considered a public health priority. Reported data support that vitamin D is a regulator of neuroendocrine and ovarian physiology and, more in detail, a deficiency of vitamin D is involved in altered pubertal timing. Considering the long-term consequences of early pubertal development and early menarche, the detection of modifiable causes is crucial in preventive strategies. Future studies in humans and with an increased scale are needed to elucidate the vitamin D role in sexual maturation and puberty development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Grazi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Bianchi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Clinical Scientific Institutes Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
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15
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Dugan B, Conway J, Duggal NA. Inflammaging as a target for healthy ageing. Age Ageing 2023; 52:7024516. [PMID: 36735849 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy has been on the rise for the past few decades, but healthy life expectancy has not kept pace, leading to a global burden of age-associated disorders. Advancing age is accompanied by a chronic increase in basal systemic inflammation, termed inflammaging, contributing towards an increased risk of developing chronic diseases in old age. This article reviews the recent literature to formulate hypotheses regarding how age-associated inflammaging plays a crucial role in driving chronic diseases and ill health in older adults. Here, we discuss how non-pharmacological intervention strategies (diet, nutraceutical supplements, phytochemicals, physical activity, microbiome-based therapies) targeting inflammaging restore health in older adults. We also consider alternative existing pharmacological interventions (Caloric restriction mimetics, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors) and explore novel targets (senolytics) aimed at combating inflammaging and optimising the ageing process to increase healthy lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Dugan
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jessica Conway
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Niharika A Duggal
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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16
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Wu Y, Zeng Y, Zhang Q, Xiao X. The Role of Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency in Offspring Obesity: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030533. [PMID: 36771240 PMCID: PMC9919568 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, vitamin D (VD) deficiency during pregnancy is widespread globally, causing unfavorable pregnancy outcomes for both mothers and infants for a longer time than expected, based on the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory. As VD plays a key role in maintaining normal glucose and lipid metabolism, maternal VD deficiency may lead to obesity and other obesity-related diseases among offspring later in life. This review mainly focuses on the effect of maternal VD deficiency on offspring lipid metabolism, reviewing previous clinical and animal studies to determine the effects of maternal VD deficit on offspring obesity and potential mechanisms involved in the progression of offspring obesity. Emerging clinical evidence shows that a low VD level may lead to abnormal growth (either growth restriction or largeness for gestational age) and lipid and glucose metabolism disorders in offspring. Here, we also outline the link between maternal VD deficiency and life-long offspring effects, including the disorder of adipogenesis, the secretion of adipocytokines (including leptin, resistin, and adiponectin), activated systemic inflammation, increased oxidative reactions in adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and abnormal intestinal gut microbiota. Thus, there is an urgent need to take active steps to address maternal VD deficiency to relieve the global burden of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (X.X.); Tel./Fax: +86-10-69155073 (Q.Z. & X.X.)
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, The Translational Medicine Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (X.X.); Tel./Fax: +86-10-69155073 (Q.Z. & X.X.)
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17
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Goshiye D, Biset G, Abegaz Z, Birrie E, Gedamu S. Knowledge, Practice, and Factors Affecting Sunlight Exposure of Infants Among Mothers at Governmental Health Facilities in Dessie Town, Ethiopia, 2021. Clin Med Insights Pediatr 2023; 17:11795565221148329. [PMID: 36686984 PMCID: PMC9850123 DOI: 10.1177/11795565221148329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human being needs sunlight for physical and mental well-being. Sunlight helps the body to produce vitamin D, an important vitamin for skeletal development, immune function, and blood cell formation. So, the community should be counseled to get sufficient sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation to uphold the serum 25 (OH) D levels. This study designed to assess the mothers' knowledge, practice, and factors affecting the sunlight exposure of their infants. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at governmental health facilities in Dessie Town, 2021. A total of 398 mothers were interviewed using semi structured questionnaires. Data were entered into the EPI data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS 23. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were also performed. In multivariate analysis, a significant association was considered at P-value of <.05. Results Response rate was 98.9%. About 76.6% and 58.9% of the mothers had poor knowledge and poor practice regarding sunlight exposure of infants respectively. Mothers' occupation (aOR = 0.124, 95% CI = 0.042, 0.365), mothers' source of information (aOR = 18.604, 95% CI = 7.564, 45.75), and attitude (aOR = 2.773, 95% CI = 1.474, 5.215) had showed a significant association with mothers' knowledge. On the other hand, mothers' age (aOR = 3.191, 95% CI = 1.334, 7.633), mothers occupation (aOR = 4.226, 95% CI = 2.321, 7.694), and baby age (aOR = 1.989, 95% CI = 1.260, 3.140) had a significant association with their practice about sunlight exposure of infants. Conclusion Mothers' knowledge and practice of sunlight exposure of infants are poor in Dessie Town. Hence measures should be taken to increase and improve mothers' responsiveness of sunlight exposure of infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debrnesh Goshiye
- Department of Pediatric and Child
Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie,
Ethiopia,Debrnesh Goshiye, Department of Pediatric
and Child Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo
University, Dessie 1145, Ethiopia.
| | - Gebeyaw Biset
- Department of Pediatric and Child
Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie,
Ethiopia
| | - Zinet Abegaz
- Department of Reproductive Health,
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Endalk Birrie
- Department of Pediatric and Child
Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie,
Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Gedamu
- Department of Comprehensive Nursing,
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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18
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Maurya VK, Shakya A, Bashir K, Jan K, McClements DJ. Fortification by design: A rational approach to designing vitamin D delivery systems for foods and beverages. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:135-186. [PMID: 36468215 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, vitamin D deficiency has been recognized as a serious global public health challenge. The World Health Organization has recommended fortification of foods with vitamin D, but this is often challenging because of its low water solubility, poor chemical stability, and low bioavailability. Studies have shown that these challenges can be overcome by encapsulating vitamin D within well-designed delivery systems containing nanoscale or microscale particles. The characteristics of these particles, such as their composition, size, structure, interfacial properties, and charge, can be controlled to attain desired functionality for specific applications. Recently, there has been great interest in the design, production, and application of vitamin-D loaded delivery systems. Many of the delivery systems reported in the literature are unsuitable for widespread application due to the complexity and high costs of the processing operations required to fabricate them, or because they are incompatible with food matrices. In this article, the concept of "fortification by design" is introduced, which involves a systematic approach to the design, production, and testing of colloidal delivery systems for the encapsulation and fortification of oil-soluble vitamins, using vitamin D as a model. Initially, the challenges associated with the incorporation of vitamin D into foods and beverages are reviewed. The fortification by design concept is then described, which involves several steps: (i) selection of appropriate vitamin D form; (ii) selection of appropriate food matrix; (iii) identification of appropriate delivery system; (iv) identification of appropriate production method; (vii) establishment of appropriate testing procedures; and (viii) system optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Kumar Maurya
- Centre for Food Research and Analysis, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, India
| | - Amita Shakya
- Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, India
| | - Khalid Bashir
- Department of Food Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kulsum Jan
- Department of Food Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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GENÇ S, KILIÇLI F. Evaluation of the response given to the vitamin D treatment in patients with osteomalacia. FAMILY PRACTICE AND PALLIATIVE CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.22391/fppc.1127577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The current study aimed to examine the relationship between 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters and response to treatment in patients living in a Central Anatolian city of Turkey and diagnosed with osteomalacia.Methods: A total of 533 patients who live in the continental climate, older than 18 years old, and have 25(OH)D levels lower than 30 ng/ml were enrolled prospectively. Patients' age, body mass index (BMI), type of clothing, season in which they were diagnosed, type of treatment and duration were recorded. At the time of diagnosis, the patients were evaluated with clinical and laboratory parameters at 1st, 2nd, and 4th months.Results: Mean serum 25(OH)D level was 7.59±4.41 ng/mL at the time of diagnosis. 25(OH)D level was 24.42±14.77 ng/ml after treatment, with severe deficiency (<10 ng/mL) in 74% of patients, deficiency (<20 ng/mL) in 24.2%, insufficiency in 1.3% (20-29.99 ng/mL). 74.4% of the women had a closed clothing style. Vitamin D levels during diagnosis and at the end of treatment did not differ according to the BMI and the diagnosis period (p> 0.05). However, as BMI increased, the response given to the treatment decreased.Conclusions: The current study showed that vitamin D deficiency is common in study population. The current findings demonstrate that treatment and follow-up should be continued until achieving normal serum 25(OH)D levels, taking into account geographic and ethnical structures to bring vitamin D levels to adequate levels.Keywords: 25-hydroxytamin D; Osteomalacia; vitamin D deficiency
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin GENÇ
- MALATYA İNÖNÜ ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ ENDOKRİNOLOJİ VE METABOLİZMA HASTALIKLARI BİLİM DALI
| | - Fatih KILIÇLI
- SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ
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20
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Hart MD, Girma M, Strong MD, Tadesse BT, Taddesse BM, Alemayehu FR, Stoecker BJ, Chowanadisai W. Vitamin D binding protein gene polymorphisms are associated with lower plasma 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol concentrations in Ethiopian lactating women. Nutr Res 2022; 107:86-95. [PMID: 36206636 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ethiopian women have been reported to have low plasma 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol (25(OH)D) concentrations despite an abundance of sunshine. Low dietary vitamin D intake, limited skin exposure to sun, and genetics are among factors suggested to affect vitamin D status in this population. In this study (Clinical Trial NCT02210884), we hypothesized that polymorphisms in the vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) gene (rs7041, rs4588) are associated with reduced plasma 25(OH)D concentrations in Ethiopian women. Lactating Ethiopian women (n = 110) were randomly assigned to weekly administration of vitamin D3 (15,000 IU) or a placebo. Plasma 25(OH)D was measured at baseline (within 2 weeks of delivery, before supplementation) and at 3, 6, and 12 months after delivery. Associations between VDBP polymorphism status for rs7041 and rs4588 and plasma 25(OH)D were determined by analysis of variance and multiple linear and logistic regressions. Multiple linear regression with maternal age as a covariate revealed that rs7041 is associated with reduced plasma 25(OH)D (P = .021) and more risk alleles at rs7041 and rs4588 are associated with reduced plasma 25(OH)D (P = .017). Logistic regression models for vitamin D insufficiency showed that additional risk alleles for rs7041 and rs4588 are associated with increased odds ratios (OR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.10-2.62; P = .019) for plasma 25(OH)D below 40 nmol/L. Supplementation increased plasma 25(OH)D at 3 months in women with fewer risk alleles and across all genotypes at 6 and 12 months. VDBP polymorphisms may contribute to vitamin D insufficiency in Ethiopian lactating women. Furthermore, VDBP polymorphisms may blunt short-term responses to vitamin D supplementation and require longer periods of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Hart
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Meron Girma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA; School of Nutrition, Food Science, and Technology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Morgan D Strong
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | | | | | - Fikadu Reta Alemayehu
- School of Nutrition, Food Science, and Technology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Barbara J Stoecker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
| | - Winyoo Chowanadisai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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21
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Mazur A, Frączek P, Tabarkiewicz J. Vitamin D as a Nutri-Epigenetic Factor in Autoimmunity-A Review of Current Research and Reports on Vitamin D Deficiency in Autoimmune Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204286. [PMID: 36296970 PMCID: PMC9611618 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is a series of alterations regulating gene expression without disrupting the DNA sequence of bases. These regulatory mechanisms can result in embryogenesis, cellular differentiation, X-chromosome inactivation, and DNA-protein interactions. The main epigenetic mechanisms considered to play a major role in both health and disease are DNA methylation, histone modifications, and profiling of non-coding RNA. When the fragile balance between these simultaneously occurring phenomena is disrupted, the risk of pathology increases. Thus, the factors that determine proper epigenetic modeling are defined and those with disruptive influence are sought. Several such factors with proven negative effects have already been described. Diet and nutritional substances have recently been one of the most interesting targets of exploration for epigenetic modeling in disease states, including autoimmunity. The preventive role of proper nutrition and maintaining sufficient vitamin D concentration in maternal blood during pregnancy, as well as in the early years of life, is emphasized. Opportunities are also being investigated for affecting the course of the disease by exploring nutriepigenetics. The authors aim to review the literature presenting vitamin D as one of the important nutrients potentially modeling the course of disease in selected autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mazur
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Paulina Frączek
- Department of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacek Tabarkiewicz
- Department of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
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Mendes MM, Botelho PB, Ribeiro H. Vitamin D and musculoskeletal health: outstanding aspects to be considered in the light of current evidence. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:e210596. [PMID: 36048470 PMCID: PMC9578072 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption and bone mineralisation, promotes maintenance of muscle function, and is crucial for musculoskeletal health. Low vitamin D status triggers secondary hyperparathyroidism, increases bone loss, and leads to muscle weakness. The primary physiologic function of vitamin D and its metabolites is maintaining calcium homeostasis for metabolic functioning, signal transduction, and neuromuscular activity. A considerable amount of human evidence supports the well-recognised contribution of adequate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations for bone homeostasis maintenance and prevention and treatment strategies for osteoporosis when combined with adequate calcium intake. This paper aimed to review the literature published, mainly in the last 20 years, on the effect of vitamin D and its supplementation for musculoskeletal health in order to identify the aspects that remain unclear or controversial and therefore require further investigation and debate. There is a clear need for consistent data to establish realistic and meaningful recommendations of vitamin D status that consider different population groups and locations. Moreover, there is still a lack of consensus on thresholds for vitamin D deficiency and optimal status as well as toxicity, optimal intake of vitamin D, vitamin D supplement alone as a strategy to prevent fractures and falls, recommended sun exposure at different latitudes and for different skin pigmentations, and the extra skeletal effects of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Moraes Mendes
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Patricia Borges Botelho
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Helena Ribeiro
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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He I, Smart G, Poirier BF, Sethi S, Jensen ED. An update on dental caries in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Nutritional and Quality Characteristics of Some Foods Fortified with Dried Mushroom Powder as a Source of Vitamin D. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2022; 2022:2792084. [PMID: 35928181 PMCID: PMC9345716 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2792084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a vital role in synthesizing calcium-carrying proteins in the small intestine and helps the absorption of calcium in the body, thus reducing the risk of rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults, especially in women. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value and quality characteristics of some food products such as waffles, breadsticks and salad cream fortified with dried mushroom powder (DMP) after exposure to sunlight for 60 min as a source of vitamin D. The exposure of mushroom to sunlight for 60 min before drying increased its content of vitamin D by 158% more than fresh mushroom (not exposed to sunlight). The DMP was added to the product's formula by a ratio of 1, 2, and 3%. The addition of DMP increased protein, ash, fat, and vitamin D2 and D3 contents in all products, while carbohydrates and moisture contents were decreased in both waffles, and breadsticks. The hardness of both waffles and breadsticks was decreased with increasing the levels of DMP added, while the addition of DMP led to enhance bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in all products. The sensory evaluation of waffles, breadsticks, and salad cream containing DMP was not changed than control sample. The results found that the intake of 100 g of salad cream, waffles, and breadstick (containing 3% DMP) could by providing more than the recommended daily allowances (RDA) of vitamin D. Therefore, this study recommended the use of DMP (by a ratio of 3%) in fortifying food products in order to meet the RDA of vitamin D.
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25
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Asthma and Vitamin D Deficiency: Occurrence, Immune Mechanisms, and New Perspectives. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:6735900. [PMID: 35874901 PMCID: PMC9307373 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6735900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma, as a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways, has a considerable prevalence among children. Vitamin D might play a role in asthma pathogenesis by affecting the development of the lung, regulating the immune responses, and remodeling of airway smooth muscle (ASM). Study results on the association between the serum level of vitamin D and asthma severity have suggested a converse relationship between lower vitamin D levels and more severe clinical courses. However, they are not consistent in these findings and have shown insignificant correlations, as well. The possible effects of vitamin D on asthma have led researchers to consider this vitamin a potential prophylactic and therapeutic tool for managing children with variant degrees of asthma. Adding vitamin D to the routine corticosteroid therapy of asthmatic children is another field of interest that has shown promising results. In this narrative review study, we aim to elaborate on the existing knowledge on the role of vitamin D in asthma pathogenesis and prognosis, explain the controversies that exist on the effectiveness of treating patients with vitamin D supplements, and make a general conclusion about how vitamin D actually is linked to asthma in children.
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26
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Donohue P, Kujath AS. Influences on Skeletal Health and Bone Mineralization in Children. Orthop Nurs 2022; 41:252-257. [PMID: 35869910 DOI: 10.1097/nor.0000000000000861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is in its most active formation phase of mineralization in the pediatric and adolescent population. Peak bone mass is achieved around the late teens to early 20s. Deficient bone mineralization and decreased peak bone mass acquisition predispose an individual to childhood fractures or lifelong fracture risk. Adolescent fragility or stress fractures should prompt a secondary evaluation for the causes of a low bone mineral content, the root of a fracture. The purpose of this article is to review published literature that discusses the risk factors associated with a decreased bone mineral content in children from birth to the age of peak bone mass. The article also includes a public health planning model for pediatric osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Donohue
- Patricia Donohue, MSN, MPH, ACNP-BC, ONPc, Advanced Practice Nurse, Metabolic Bone Health Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
- Amber S. Kujath, PhD, RN, ONC , Associate Professor, Rush University Medical Center, College of Nursing, Chicago, IL
| | - Amber S Kujath
- Patricia Donohue, MSN, MPH, ACNP-BC, ONPc, Advanced Practice Nurse, Metabolic Bone Health Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
- Amber S. Kujath, PhD, RN, ONC , Associate Professor, Rush University Medical Center, College of Nursing, Chicago, IL
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27
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Fullmer M, Su A, Bachrach S, Hossain J, Kecskemethy HH. Newly Diagnosed Children with Cancer Have Lower 25-Vitamin D Levels than Their Cancer-Free Peers: A Comparison across Age, Race, and Sex. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102378. [PMID: 35625982 PMCID: PMC9139947 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with cancer have a greater risk for vitamin D concerns because of compromised health before diagnosis, the disease itself, and treatments for the cancer. This IRB-approved retrospective, matched case−control study of children with and without cancer included three race categories: black, other, and Caucasian. This is the first study to directly compare serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and status in newly diagnosed pediatric cancer patients with age-, sex-, and race-matched cancer-free children from the same geographic region of the US, all of whom are free from other conditions that negatively impact 25(OH)D levels. Univariable and multivariable ordinal logistic regressions were performed. In the 544 children (mean age of 8.5 years, 53% female), there were 136 newly diagnosed children with cancer and 408 matched non-cancer controls. Serum 25(OH)D levels at cancer diagnosis were lower (22.4 ng/mL) than in controls (30.1 ng/mL; p < 0.0001). Differences persisted across race (p < 0.001) and age (p < 0.001), but not sex. Older children exhibited lower 25(OH)D levels. Only 18.4% of the children with cancer had sufficient levels. Black children with cancer had the greatest rate of deficiency (39%). Race differences were evident: children of color (other and black) displayed higher levels of insufficiency; black children were most deficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michell Fullmer
- Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA;
| | - Annelise Su
- University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA;
| | - Steven Bachrach
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA;
| | - Jobayer Hossain
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA;
| | - Heidi H. Kecskemethy
- Department of Radiology, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-302-651-4673
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28
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Baruti-Gafurri Z, Kafexholli A, Dervishi B, Sylaj R, Shabani K, Musliu D. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency in Kosovo Population. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem, but it is not known about its status in the Kosovo population.
AIM: The purpose of this study is to determine the status of Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in our population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data collection was done from January 2020 to July 2021, during which period blood samples were collected. The sampling was done for 769 selected subjects and statistical data (frequency, mean values, and standard deviation) have been analyzed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration. They were categorized by age group, gender, and level of 25(OH)D. The prevalence and percentage of Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in the study population were evaluated.
RESULTS: The mean concentration of 25(OH)D in the serum of the study group was 18.3 ng/ml. The mean value was significantly lower for females when compared for that of males (17.89 and 19.58 ng/ml, respectively), with p < 0.0035, but there was no significant difference between age groups. The level of 25(OH)D less than 20 ng/ml was observed in 62% of the cases in our study population with a slight difference between female (63.6%) and male (57.2%) group. The age group of >60 had 25(OH)D deficiency in 62.3% of cases when compared to other age group categories. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 20.2% of cases; meanwhile, its insufficiency was present in 41.9% of cases. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 21.1% of females and 17.1% of males, while 42.4% of females, respectively, and 40.1% of males had Vitamin D insufficiency.
CONCLUSION: The mean values of 25(OH)D in the study population are relatively low, which corresponds to significant Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in all age groups, and which may also have serious implications for their overall health.
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The Effects of RBP4 and Vitamin D on the Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3046777. [PMID: 35082965 PMCID: PMC8786468 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3046777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are one of the main causes of the development of diabetic atherosclerotic process. The aim of our study was to assess the role of RBP4 in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and the inhibitory effect of vitamin D on the mechanisms. In an in vivo experiment, rats were randomly classified into 6 groups: the control group, diabetic rats, diabetic atherosclerotic rats (diabetic rats intraperitoneally injected with RBP4), diabetic atherosclerotic rats treated with 0.075 μg kg−1 d−1 vitamin D, 0.15 μg kg−1 d−1 vitamin D and 0.3 μg kg−1 d−1 vitamin D. We found that the levels of JAK2, STAT3, cylinD1, and Bcl-2 were increased in diabetic atherosclerotic rats, and these increases were improved after vitamin D supplementation. Furthermore, to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms, cells were cultured with glucose in the presence of RBP4 and the absence of RBP4, respectively, and vitamin D of different concentrations and different intervention times was simultaneously adopted. The proliferation and migration of VSMCs was enhanced and the levels of JAK2, STAT3, cyclinD1, and Bcl-2 were increased in the cells transfected with RBP4 overexpression plasmid. Moreover, vitamin D supplementation was detected to lower the expressions of JAK2, STAT3, cyclinD1, and Bcl-2 and inhibit the abnormal proliferation of VSMCs caused by the RBP4/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. RBP4 can promote the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and contributes to the development of diabetic macroangiopathy via regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. This mechanism of RBP4 can be inhibited by vitamin D supplementation.
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30
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Wong CY, Chu DH. Cutaneous signs of nutritional disorders. Int J Womens Dermatol 2022; 7:647-652. [PMID: 35024418 PMCID: PMC8721081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article focuses on the dermatologic manifestations of selected nutrient deficiencies, including protein-energy and micronutrient-related malnutrition. The various nutrient deficiencies presented may share common features. However, distinctive cutaneous signs may prompt clinicians to consider a nutritional cause and help distinguish a nutrient deficiency from other common dermatologic conditions. The recent reemergence of forgotten nutritional deficiencies, such as scurvy and pellagra, in the context of predisposing risk factors that may uniquely affect women more than men makes this topic timely. Recognition of nutritional disorders is important because appropriate treatment may reverse cutaneous signs and prevent irreversible sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Y Wong
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Palo Alto, California
| | - Derek H Chu
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Palo Alto, California
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31
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Vearing RM, Hart KH, Darling AL, Probst Y, Olayinka AS, Mendis J, Ribeiro H, Thakur S, Mendes M, Charlton K, Lanham-New SA. Global Perspective of the Vitamin D Status of African-Caribbean Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:516-526. [PMID: 34282293 PMCID: PMC8993683 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Vitamin D deficiency remains a global public health issue, particularly in minority ethnic groups. This review investigates the vitamin D status (as measured by 25(OH)D and dietary intake) of the African-Caribbean population globally. SUBJECTS/METHODS A systematic review was conducted by searching key databases (PUBMED, Web of Science, Scopus) from inception until October 2019. Search terms included 'Vitamin D status' and 'African-Caribbean'. A random effects and fixed effects meta-analysis was performed by combining means and standard error of the mean. RESULT The search yielded 19 papers that included n = 5670 African-Caribbean participants from six countries. A meta-analysis found this population to have sufficient (>50 nmol/L) 25(OH)D levels at 67.8 nmol/L, 95% CI (57.9, 7.6) but poor dietary intake of vitamin D at only 3.0 µg/day, 95% CI (1.67,4.31). For those living at low latitudes 'insufficient' (as defined by study authors) 25(OH)D levels were found only in participants with type 2 diabetes and in those undergoing haemodialysis. Suboptimal dietary vitamin D intake (according to the UK recommended nutrient intake of 10 µg/day) was reported in all studies at high latitudes. Studies at lower latitudes, with lower recommended dietary intakes (Caribbean recommended dietary intake: 2.5 µg/day) found 'sufficient' intake in two out of three studies. CONCLUSIONS 25(OH)D sufficiency was found in African-Caribbean populations at lower latitudes. However, at higher latitudes, 25(OH)D deficiency and low dietary vitamin D intake was prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Vearing
- grid.5475.30000 0004 0407 4824School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK ,grid.1007.60000 0004 0486 528XSchool of Medicine, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - Kathryn H. Hart
- grid.5475.30000 0004 0407 4824School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Andrea L. Darling
- grid.5475.30000 0004 0407 4824School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Yasmine Probst
- grid.1007.60000 0004 0486 528XSchool of Medicine, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia ,grid.510958.0Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - Aminat S. Olayinka
- grid.5475.30000 0004 0407 4824School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Jeewaka Mendis
- grid.5475.30000 0004 0407 4824Surrey Clinical Trials Unit, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Helena Ribeiro
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, USA
| | - Siddhartha Thakur
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Marcela Mendes
- grid.5475.30000 0004 0407 4824School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK ,grid.7632.00000 0001 2238 5157School of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Karen Charlton
- grid.1007.60000 0004 0486 528XSchool of Medicine, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia ,grid.510958.0Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - Susan A. Lanham-New
- grid.5475.30000 0004 0407 4824School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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32
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Uday S, Högler W. The burden of vitamin D deficiency in household members of children presenting with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:958422. [PMID: 36111298 PMCID: PMC9468761 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.958422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micronutrient deficiencies are common among household/family members due to shared lifestyle and dietary habits. The extent of biochemical abnormalities in household members of children presenting with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency remains unknown. AIM Investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and biochemical osteomalacia in the mothers and siblings of children presenting with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency. METHODS All mothers and sibling of children referred to a single tertiary endocrine centre between January 2018 and December 2021, with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency were investigated prospectively for vitamin D deficiency [defined as 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) < 30nmol/L] and biochemical osteomalacia [vitamin D deficiency and elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and/or parathormone (PTH)] as per clinical guidelines. REULTS Ninety-seven family members (68 siblings and 29 mothers) of 29 index cases (median age 1.7 years, 55.5% male) were investigated. The majority (65.5%, n=19) were of Asian ethnic background. The mean (SD) 25OHD levels of the index, maternal and sibling cohorts were 15 (10), 15 (7) and 20 (10) nmol/L respectively. Vitamin D deficiency was noted in 93% of the maternal and 79% of the sibling cohorts. Biochemical osteomalacia was present in 72% of the maternal and 79% of the sibling cohorts. Mothers of infants had significantly lower mean 25OHD levels compared to mothers of older children [11 (n=12) vs 18 nmol/L (n=17) respectively, p=0.006)], most of whom were symptomatic (66.6%, n=8/12). None of the mothers had hypocalcaemia. Among the 10% (n=7) of the siblings with hypocalcaemia, 86% (n=6/7) had concurrent dietary calcium deficiency and 71.4% (n= 5/7) reported symptoms in retrospect. Hypocalcaemic siblings had significantly lower 25OHD (7 vs 15 nmol/L, p<0.001), higher PTH (175 vs 58 ng/L, p<0.001) and ALP (846 vs 318 IU/L, p<0.001), respectively compared to normocalcaemic siblings. CONCLUSIONS In view of the substantial morbidity uncovered in household/family members of children diagnosed with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency, we recommend universal supplementation of all risk groups. Biochemical testing and treatment is indicated to replenish stores only in those at highest risk such as mothers of infants, individuals with concurrent dietary calcium deficiency and those with clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Uday
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Suma Uday,
| | - Wolfgang Högler
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
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Poniedziałek-Czajkowska E, Mierzyński R. Could Vitamin D Be Effective in Prevention of Preeclampsia? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113854. [PMID: 34836111 PMCID: PMC8621759 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of preeclampsia (PE) remains one of the most significant problems in perinatal medicine. Due to the possible unpredictable course of hypertension in pregnancy, primarily PE and the high complication rate for the mother and fetus/newborn, it is urgent to offer pregnant women in high-risk groups effective methods of preventing the PE development or delaying its appearance. In addition, due to the association of PE with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in later life, effective preeclampsia prevention could also be important in reducing their incidence. Ideal PE prophylaxis should target the pathogenetic changes leading to the development of PE and be safe for the mother and fetus, inexpensive and freely available. Currently, the only recognized method of PE prevention recommended by many institutions around the world is the use of a small dose of acetylsalicylic acid in pregnant women with risk factors. Unfortunately, some cases of PE are diagnosed in women without recognized risk factors and in those in whom prophylaxis with acetylsalicylic acid is not adequate. Hence, new drugs which would target pathogenetic elements in the development of preeclampsia are studied. Vitamin D (Vit D) seems to be a promising agent due to its beneficial effect on placental implantation, the immune system, and angiogenic factors. Studies published so far emphasize the relationship of its deficiency with the development of PE, but the data on the benefits of its supplementation to reduce the risk of PE are inconclusive. In the light of current research, the key issue is determining the protective concentration of Vit D in a pregnant woman. The study aims to present the possibility of using Vit D to prevent PE, emphasizing its impact on the pathogenetic elements of preeclampsia development.
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Cheng SH, Chen KH, Chen C, Chu WC, Kang YN. The Optimal Strategy of Vitamin D for Sarcopenia: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103589. [PMID: 34684590 PMCID: PMC8541573 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a disease of gradual loss of muscle mass in elderly people, and the most common treatment options include nutritional supplementation and exercise. Vitamin D has potential beneficial effects for skeletal muscle tissue and has often been included in nutritional therapy formulations. However, the therapeutic effect of vitamin D for the treatment of sarcopenia has not yet been determine and there is a lack of high-quality supporting evidence. We searched three databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on this topic. Changes in hand grip strength, gait speed, chair-stand test, fat mass, relative skeletal muscle index, and muscle mass were assessed for analysis. Network meta-analysis was further employed, based on the frequentist approach. Outcomes were reported as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 9 RCTs (n = 1420) met our eligibility criteria, which treated patients with vitamin D (D), protein (P, n = 165), exercise (E, n = 124), iso-caloric product (I, n = 226), usual care without nutritional supplement (n = 65), P + D (n = 467), D + E (n = 72), P + E (n = 69), D + E + I (n = 73), and P + D + E (n = 159). The pooled estimate showed that the P + D + E intervention induced a greater improvement in hand grip strength than iso-caloric product intervention (WMD = 3.86; 95%CI, 0.52–7.21). Vitamin D intervention could lead to shorter chair-stand time (WMD = −1.32; 95%CI, −1.98 to −0.65), but no significant findings could be found for gait speed and muscle mass outcomes. Our synthesis found that combining vitamin D supplementation with protein supplementation and exercise can significantly increase grip strength and also showed a trend toward increasing muscle mass. This result implies that adding vitamin D to a standard treatment protocol for sarcopenia may be helpful for regaining function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopedics, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Wan Fang Hospital, Medical University Hospital, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Kee-Hsin Chen
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Center for Nursing and Healthcare Research in Clinical Practice Application, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Evidence-Based Knowledge Translation Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Chiehfeng Chen
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Medical University Hospital, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Chyn Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (W.-C.C.); (Y.-N.K.)
| | - Yi-No Kang
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Medical University Hospital, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Research Center of Big Data and Meta-Analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Institute of Health Policy & Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-C.C.); (Y.-N.K.)
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Al-Daghri NM, Hussain SD, Ansari MGA, Khattak MNK, Aljohani N, Al-Saleh Y, Al-Harbi MY, Sabico S, Alokail MS. Decreasing prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the central region of Saudi Arabia (2008-2017). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 212:105920. [PMID: 34004334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Widespread vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L) in Saudi Arabia (SA) has been documented, yet a time trend is needed to establish where the prevalence is headed. This study aims to fill this gap. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING This cross-sectional series (N = 7360) were conducted in the central region of SA from 2008 to 2017. Participants of all ages were taken from multiple cohorts that included the Biomarker Screening in Riyadh (2008-2010; N = 1460), the Osteoporosis Registry (2014-2017; N = 1225), Gestational Diabetes Mellitus cohort (2014-2017, N = 281), Vitamin D School Project (2011-2017; N = 3039) and Prediabetes cohort (2012-2017; N = 1355) master databases. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency in SA has a 10-year prevalence of 73.2 %. Between 2008-2017, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency decreased from 87.1% to 64.7% for participants aged 18-40 years (p-trend<0.001), and from 86.2% to 45.7% in participants aged > 40 years (p-trend<0.001). During this period, vitamin D deficiency in females decreased from 80.1% to 69.6% (p-trend<0.001), whereas in males, it decreased from 93.2% to 49.3% (p-trend<0.001). Serum 25(OH)D was observed to have an overall increase of 2.2 ± 0.1 nmol/l (p < 0.001) along with the seasonally adjusted annual increase of 1.3 ± 0.2 nmol/l from 2008 to 2017 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The decreasing trend in vitamin D deficiency in SA across all demographics suggests successful public health campaigns over time. It will be interesting to investigate further whether the general improvement in the vitamin D status at the community level also translated in lesser incidences of vitamin d-related diseases over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Danish Hussain
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed G A Ansari
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak N K Khattak
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naji Aljohani
- Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Al-Saleh
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Y Al-Harbi
- Diabetes Centers and Units Administration, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S Alokail
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Piloya TW, Bakeera–Kitaka S, Kisitu GP, Idro R, Cusick SE. Vitamin D status and associated factors among HIV-infected children and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Kampala, Uganda. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253689. [PMID: 34166428 PMCID: PMC8224887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A high prevalence of suboptimal serum vitamin D has been reported among HIV infected children even in countries with high sunshine abundance throughout the year. Vitamin D is a potent immune modulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Vitamin D regulates immune responses through the vitamin D receptor on CD4 cells. We aimed to determine the vitamin D status of HIV infected children and factors associated with suboptimal vitamin D. Methods This was a cross sectional study. We enrolled children aged between 6 months and 12 years attending an outpatient paediatric HIV clinic. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured using the electrochemoluminisence method. Suboptimal vitamin D was defined as 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml, vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were 21–29 ng/ml and <20 ng/ml respectively. Anthropometry, physical exam and medical history were documented. Logistic regression was performed. Results We enrolled 376 children with mean age (sd) 8.05 years (3.03), a median (IQR) duration of ART of 5.9 years (3.2–8.4). Majority of the children (64%) had been exposed to non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). A third were severely immunosuppressed (CD4% ≤15%) at ART initiation. At the time of the study, the majority (89%) were virologically suppressed (VL <1000 copies/ml). Prevalence of 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml was 49 (13%) of 375 participants and 11 (3%) had 25(OH)D <20 ng/ml. Lopinavir/ritonavir regimen was independently associated with 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml; OR 0.27 CI (0.13–0.57), p value-0.002. Serum 25(OH)D <20 ng/ml was associated with CD4 count ≤15% at ART initiation OR 6.55(1.30–32.9), p value—0.023 and use of NNRTIs; OR 10.9(1.22–96.2), p value—0.03. Conclusion We found a low prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D compared to earlier reports. Severe immunosuppression at ART initiation and use of NNRTIs increases odds of deficiency. Vitamin D supplementation should be considered in severely immunosuppressed children initiating ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thereza Were Piloya
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- * E-mail:
| | - Sabrina Bakeera–Kitaka
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grace Paul Kisitu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Paediatric Centre of Excellence, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard Idro
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sarah E. Cusick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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Karampela I, Sakelliou A, Vallianou N, Christodoulatos GS, Magkos F, Dalamaga M. Vitamin D and Obesity: Current Evidence and Controversies. Curr Obes Rep 2021; 10:162-180. [PMID: 33792853 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Evidence from observational studies suggests that obesity is associated with low vitamin D. As both obesity and hypovitaminosis D present an alarmingly increased prevalence worldwide, there is an intense research interest to clarify all aspects of this association. This review summarizes current evidence from meta-analyses investigating vitamin D status in obesity, including the effects of weight loss and bariatric surgery on vitamin D status and the outcomes of vitamin D supplementation on body weight. We also discuss potential pathophysiologic mechanisms and important controversies. RECENT FINDINGS Data from meta-analyses consistently support an inverse association of vitamin D levels with body weight. However, the impact of weight loss on improving vitamin D status is small, while studies on the supplementation with vitamin D after bariatric surgery have shown conflicting results regarding vitamin D status. Moreover, interventional studies do not support a beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on body weight. These findings warrant a cautious interpretation due to important methodological limitations and confounding factors, such as high heterogeneity of studies, variable methods of determination of vitamin D and definition of deficiency/insufficiency, use of various adiposity measures and definitions of obesity, and inadequate adjustment for confounding variables influencing vitamin D levels. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms associating low vitamin D in obesity include volumetric dilution, sequestration into adipose tissue, limited sunlight exposure, and decreased vitamin D synthesis in the adipose tissue and liver. Experimental studies have demonstrated that low vitamin D may be implicated in adipose tissue differentiation and growth leading to obesity either by regulation of gene expression or through modulation of parathyroid hormone, calcium, and leptin. Obesity is associated with low vitamin D status but weight loss has little effect on improving this; vitamin D supplementation is also not associated with weight loss. Evidence regarding vitamin D status after bariatric surgery is contradicting. The link between vitamin D and obesity remains controversial due to important limitations and confounding of studies. More research is needed to clarify the complex interplay between vitamin D and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Medical School, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini St, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Alexandra Sakelliou
- Second Department of Critical Care, Medical School, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini St, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Natalia Vallianou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ypsilantou St, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos-Socrates Christodoulatos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
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Warren MF, Livingston KA. Implications of Vitamin D Research in Chickens can Advance Human Nutrition and Perspectives for the Future. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab018. [PMID: 33977215 PMCID: PMC7929256 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of vitamin D insufficiency in humans is a global problem that requires improving ways to increase vitamin D intake. Supplements are a primary means for increasing vitamin D intake, but without a clear consensus on what constitutes vitamin D sufficiency, there is toxicity risk with taking supplements. Chickens have been used in many vitamin-D-related research studies, especially studies involving vitamin D supplementation. Our state-of-the-art review evaluates vitamin D metabolism and how the different hydroxylated forms are synthesized. We provide an overview of how vitamin D is absorbed, transported, excreted, and what tissues in the body store vitamin D metabolites. We also discuss a number of studies involving vitamin D supplementation with broilers and laying hens. Vitamin D deficiency and toxicity are also described and how they can be caused. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is important for vitamin D metabolism; however, there is much more to understand about VDR in chickens. Potential research aims involving vitamin D and chickens should explore VDR mechanisms that could lead to newer insights into VDR. Utilizing chickens in future research to help elucidate vitamin D mechanisms has great potential to advance human nutrition. Finding ways to increase vitamin D intake will be necessary because the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is leading to increased risk of vitamin D deficiency in many populations. Chickens can provide a dual purpose with addressing pandemic-caused vitamin D deficiency: 1) vitamin D supplementation gives chickens added-value with the possibility of leading to vitamin-D-enriched meat and egg products; and 2) using chickens in research provides data for translational research. We believe expanding vitamin-D-related research in chickens to include more nutritional aims in vitamin D status has great implications for developing better strategies to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Warren
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kimberly A Livingston
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN, USA
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Abstract
Vitamin D is a fundamentally critical nutrient that the human body requires to function properly. It plays an important role in musculoskeletal health due to its involvement in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus. Having a low level of vitamin D in the body may be detrimental for a wide range of health outcomes, including risk of osteoporotic and stress fractures, risk of CVD and some cancers, and lowering of the capability of the immune system. Vitamin D is an unusual nutrient; it is not a vitamin, in the true sense of the word but a pro-hormone. The main source of vitamin D is UV exposure, not dietary intake. Interestingly, there are two forms of vitamin D, vitamin D2 and vitamin D3, both of which are metabolised into 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in the liver, the biomarker of vitamin D status. Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health problem, especially amongst older people and ethnic minority groups. The newest publication from the UK Government's Public Health England Department recommends that vitamin D intake should be 10 μg daily and this recommendation compares well (albeit lower) with other guidelines such as the Institute of Medicine recommendation of 15 μg for those aged 1-70 years and 20 μg for those 70 years or over. Few countries, however, have a specific vitamin D policy to prevent deficiency in populations. Finland leads the way, demonstrating impressive results in reducing population-level vitamin D deficiency through mandatory food fortification programmes. Collaboration between academia, government and industry, including countries from varying latitudes, is essential to identify long-term solutions to the global issue of vitamin D deficiency. This paper provides a narrative review of the evidence related to the role of vitamin D deficiency in health outcomes, outlines controversies regarding setting levels of adequacy, identifies the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency across the globe, and identifies population-level strategies adopted by countries to prevent vitamin D deficiency.
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Zhao L, Chen R, Nong B, Dou Y, Li Y, Xu Z, Ma C, Du J, Liu H. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Shenzhen pregnant women. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:6278-6285. [PMID: 33874834 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1910667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is a public health problem worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women often leads to negative clinical consequence and has been distributed differently in certain latitudes. Here, we aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women in Shenzhen City and investigate the influencing factors. METHODS A total of 27,166 healthy pregnant women, undergoing prenatal examinations in our hospital between July 2014 and December 2018, were enrolled in our study. Maternal characteristics, including the duration of pregnancy, age and enrollment time, were recorded. The concentrations of serum 25(OH)D in the blood samples were detected by immunochemistry assays. RESULTS For the total study population, the median serum 25(OH)D concentration was 23.36 [17.98-29.51] ng/mL, and 34.3% and 42.4% of the participants exhibited vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH) D < 20 ng/mL) and insufficiency (serum 25(OH)D 21-29 ng/mL), respectively. Vitamin D deficiency decreased with gestation (37.83%, 33.8%, and 29.3% for the first trimester, second trimester and third trimester, respectively, p < .001) and decreased by age (36.03%, 35.20%, 31.86% and 29.83%, for the age groups 18-24, 25-29, 30-34 and 35-46 years, respectively, p < .001). This prevalence had conspicuous seasonality (winter vs. autumn, OR 3.69, 95% CI: 3.42-3.99, p < .001). Temperature was positively associated with women's serum 25(OH)D level (r = 0.48, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Overall, we demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women in Shenzhen was common and was affected by gestation, age and season/temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhao
- Central Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Innovative Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Bao'an Shenzhen (Group), Shajing People's Hospital of Bao'an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Futian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baoting Nong
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Dou
- Central Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Innovative Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Bao'an Shenzhen (Group), Shajing People's Hospital of Bao'an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxia Li
- Central Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Innovative Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Bao'an Shenzhen (Group), Shajing People's Hospital of Bao'an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhikang Xu
- Central Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Innovative Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Bao'an Shenzhen (Group), Shajing People's Hospital of Bao'an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Caifeng Ma
- Central Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Innovative Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Bao'an Shenzhen (Group), Shajing People's Hospital of Bao'an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jikun Du
- Central Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Innovative Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Bao'an Shenzhen (Group), Shajing People's Hospital of Bao'an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Helu Liu
- Central Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Innovative Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Bao'an Shenzhen (Group), Shajing People's Hospital of Bao'an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Abbasnezhad A, Falahi E, Ghavamzadeh S, Beiranvand R, Talaiezadeh A, Hasanvand A, Angali KA, Choghakhori R. Association between deficient levels of circulating vitamin D, dietary intake of vitamin D, calcium and retinol, and risk of colorectal cancer in an Iranian population: A case control study. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2021; 18:118-126. [PMID: 33852772 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to assess the association between deficient levels of circulating vitamin D, dietary intake of vitamin D, calcium and retinol, and risk of colorectal cancer in an Iranian population. METHODS In this retrospective case-control study that was conducted between 2012 and 2015, 278 first incident colorectal cancer cases (colon cancer = 103; rectal cancer = 175), and 278 sex and age matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Serum 25(OH)D, dietary vitamin D, and calcium intake were assessed. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) between studied factors and colorectal cancer. Estimates of OR were calculated according to both bivariate analyses based on the matching factors and multivariate analyses, with additional adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS A strong inverse linear dose-response association was seen between serum 25(OH)D and colorectal cancer (P for trend = .002). In comparison to serum 25(OH)D more than 40 nmol/L, lower serum concentrations were significantly associated with an increased OR of colorectal cancer. When analyzing anatomical subsites separately, lower circulating 25(OH)D was associated with higher OR for both colon and rectum cancers. Dietary vitamin D and calcium intake were not associated with colorectal cancer. Interaction analysis between serum 25(OH)D and the amount of calcium intake demonstrated that the lowest level of both factors was associated with an increased OR of colorectal cancer. The highest OR of colorectal cancer that was associated with lowest circulating 25(OH)D was stronger at the highest retinol intakes. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated an inverse strong association between 25(OH)D concentration and colorectal cancer in an Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbasnezhad
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Falahi
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavamzadeh
- Department of Human Nutrition, Medicine Faculty, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ramin Beiranvand
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Amin Hasanvand
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Kambiz Ahmadi Angali
- Biostatistics Division, Health Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Razieh Choghakhori
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Changes in vitamin D levels and depressive symptoms in later life in England. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7724. [PMID: 33833363 PMCID: PMC8032652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate vitamin D levels have been associated with increased risk of depression. However, most of these studies are cross-sectional and failed to investigate the effect of changes in vitamin D levels. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association of changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with depressive symptoms in 3365 participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a large nationally-representative study of older adults. Based on their vitamin D levels at baseline and follow-up (sufficient ≥ 50 nmol/L; insufficient < 50 nmol/L), participants were classified as follows: with sufficient levels at both waves; with sufficient levels at baseline but not at follow-up; with insufficient levels at baseline but ≥ 50 nmol/L at follow-up; and with levels < 50 nmol/L at each time point. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 8-point CES-D scale. Data were analysed using logistic regression models. Compared with those with sufficient levels of vitamin D at both waves, only those with insufficient levels throughout were more likely to report elevated depressive symptoms (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.00–1.93). Becoming or no longer being vitamin D deficient was, in the short term, not associated with elevated depressive symptoms. Further evidence is required on whether vitamin D supplementation might contribute to the prevention or treatment of depression as well as on the duration of time for changes in vitamin D levels to lead to detectable changes in depressive symptoms.
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Galuška D, Pácal L, Kaňková K. Pathophysiological Implication of Vitamin D in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 46:152-161. [PMID: 33756482 DOI: 10.1159/000514286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is a hormone regulating not only calcium and phosphate homeostasis but also, at the same time, exerting many other extraskeletal functions via genomic effects (gene transcription) and probably by non-genomic effects as well. Availability is ensured by dietary intake of its precursors and by de novo production via sunlight. Yet, vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are very common across the globe and are connected to many pathophysiological states, for example, diabetes mellitus, allergies, autoimmune diseases, pregnancy complications, and recently have also been associated with worse COVID-19 clinical outcomes. SUMMARY In this review, we summarize current knowledge about vitamin D metabolism in general, its role in diabetes mellitus (mainly type 2) and diabetic complications (mainly diabetic kidney disease), and potential therapeutic perspectives including vitamin D signalling as a druggable target. Key Messages: Vitamin D is not only a vitamin but also a hormone involved in many physiological processes. Its insufficiency or deficiency can lead to many pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Galuška
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia,
| | - Lukáš Pácal
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Kaňková
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Threatened Miscarriage: Advantages and Risks. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5589116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Threatened miscarriage is one of the most common complications causing pregnancy loss, and it affects approximately 20% of confirmed pregnancies. More and more women are seeking treatment with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for this common complication, and it has been reported that women have had successful pregnancies after threatened miscarriage when being treated with CAM, which mainly includes Chinese herbal medicines, acupuncture, and nutritional supplements as well as psychological interventions and other approaches. However, many experts are concerned about the safety and adverse events of certain CAM approaches in women with threatened miscarriage. Therefore, this review focuses on the status of CAM for threatened miscarriage and presents the potential therapeutic efficacy and safety of CAM based on some clinical and experimental studies. We thus hope to provide some instructive suggestions for the application of CAM for treating threatened miscarriage in the future.
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Drali O, Arab M, Lamdjadani N, Guechi Z, Berrah H. Vitamin D status in preschool children in Algeria. Arch Pediatr 2021; 28:215-221. [PMID: 33707102 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It is well established today that an optimal vitamin D intake plays a crucial role in the constitution of optimal osseous mass during childhood, and hence in the prevention of the osteoporosis in adults. The prevalence of the vitamin D deficiency is increasing globally and Algeria is no exception in this regard. Our study is the first to be carried out with healthy children of preschool age in North Africa. AIMS The study aimed to evaluate the vitamin D status of a pediatric population, during all four seasons of the year, living in the north of Algeria, as well as to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, identifying the potential risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was an analytic and cross-sectional study carried out between March 2014 and March 2016 with healthy preschool infants from an urban environment in the town of Hussein Dey. A total of 1016 infants aged 9-72 months were included during this period. The consensual threshold value was 20ng/mL. RESULTS The sex ratio was of 1.47 (535 boys/481 girls) and the average age of the children was 36.5±1.79 months. The daily average calcium ratio was 395±23 mg/with food contributions in vitamin D at an estimated average of 164 UI/day (4.1μg/day). The average concentration of the total 25-OHD for all four seasons of the year was 18.6±10.4ng/mL with an average rate of parathyroid hormone (PTH) of 30.9±14.6pg/mL. There was a highly significant inverse correlation between the serum level of vitamin D and PTH (r=-0.57; P=0.0001), the point of inflection was situated at 34.1ng/mL. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency follows a seasonal variation that is statistically significant (P=0.0001), and the prevalence is higher during the autumn-winter period. The risk factors identified by multiple logistic regression were autumn-winter season (OR: 7; 95% CI: 3-11; P=0.001), age less than 24 months (OR: 3.8; 95% CI: 3.4-4.4; P=0.0001), high body mass index (OR: 2; 95% CI: 1.2-3.2; P=0.3), darker skin pigmentation (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 2.2-5.2; P=0.001), duration of sunlight exposure less than 15min (OR: 6.1; 95% CI: 3.6-10.2; P=0.0001), low socioeconomic status (OR: 3.9; 95% CI: 1.5-4.3; P=0.01), calcium intake lower than 500 mg/day (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.8-6; P=0.001), and a weekly dietary intake of vitamin D lower than 200 UI (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.6-4.2; P=0.02). DISCUSSION No studies have been conducted in north Africa or Algeria concerning healthy preschool children; however, this population has a rapid growth rate and deserves special attention. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the children of this study was higher than that reported in studies of children of the same age living in Europe or America, despite the fact that Algeria is closer to the equator (36° latitude north). CONCLUSION The changes experienced by Algerian society and the shorter exposure of the population to the sun call for more efforts regarding the detection and treatment of vitamin D deficiency, as well as an update of the vitamin D supplementation schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Drali
- Department of pediatrics, Hussein Dey university hospital centre (Ex Parnet), Algiers, Algeria.
| | - M Arab
- Unit of biochemistry, Hussein Dey university hospital centre (Ex Parnet), Algiers, Algeria
| | - N Lamdjadani
- Unit of epidemiology and statistics, Hussein Dey University Hospital Centre (Ex Parnet), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Z Guechi
- Unit of biochemistry, Hussein Dey university hospital centre (Ex Parnet), Algiers, Algeria
| | - H Berrah
- Department of pediatrics, Hussein Dey university hospital centre (Ex Parnet), Algiers, Algeria
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Need for Testing and Supplementation of Vitamin D3 After Release of COVID-19 Lockdown in Patients with Increased Musculoskeletal Pain. Indian J Orthop 2021; 55:1046-1049. [PMID: 33716314 PMCID: PMC7936236 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-021-00376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate vitamin D3 levels in patients who presented with increased musculo-skeletal pain after release of lockdown period when compared to pre-lockdown status. INTRODUCTION During this COVID pandemic, many countries have implemented lockdown measures and people have to work from home and many students and workers have to restrict themselves to home. During this period, their outdoor activities were limited. After the partial release of this lockdown many of them started to have some kind of physical activity and started experiencing body pains. We evaluated such patients for vitamin D3 levels and symptoms of fibromyalgia. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of patients from age group 18-60 presented to outpatient department or on telephonic consultation after partial release of lockdown. All patients who had mild back ache before lockdown and had symptoms exaggerated during this lockdown release were included. All patients were investigated for vitamin D3, PTH, thyroid profile, liver functional and kidney functional tests. RESULTS Out of 120 patients presented to us in a period of 3 months, 31 patients had increased symptoms when compared to pre-lockdown status. 20 out of 31 patients had low vitamin D3 levels. 14 patients also developed symptoms of fibromyalgia. CONCLUSION There might be many reasons for increased pain during lockdown, but we focussed specially only on vitamin D3 because of its association with increased symptoms of COVID-19. This is a gentle reminder to test for vitamin D3 levels and supplement if found deficient. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-021-00376-8.
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Metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiome composition associated with vitamin D supplementation in Taiwanese infants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2856. [PMID: 33536562 PMCID: PMC7859236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early childhood is a critical stage for the foundation and development of the gut microbiome, large amounts of essential nutrients are required such as vitamin D. Vitamin D plays an important role in regulating calcium homeostasis, and deficiency can impair bone mineralization. In addition, most people know that breastfeeding is advocated to be the best thing for a newborn; however, exclusively breastfeeding infants are not easily able to absorb an adequate amount of vitamin D from breast milk. Understanding the effects of vitamin D supplementation on gut microbiome can improve the knowledge of infant health and development. A total of 62 fecal sample from healthy infants were collected in Taiwan. Of the 62 infants, 31 were exclusively breastfed infants and 31 were mixed- or formula-fed infants. For each feeding type, one subgroup of infants received 400 IU of vitamin D per day, and the remaining infants received a placebo. In total, there are 15 breastfed and 20 formula-fed infants with additional vitamin D supplementation, and 16 breastfed and 11 formula-fed infants belong to control group, respectively. We performed a comparative metagenomic analysis to investigate the distribution and diversity of infant gut microbiota among different types of feeding regimes with and without vitamin D supplementation. Our results reveal that the characteristics of infant gut microbiota not only depend on the feeding types but also on nutrients intake, and demonstrated that the vitamin D plays an important role in modulating the infant gut microbiota, especially increase the proportion of probiotics in breast-fed infants.
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Vitamin D status and determinants of deficiency among Palestinian females of childbearing age: A case control study. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Koumakis E, Cormier C, Roux C, Briot K. The Causes of Hypo- and Hyperphosphatemia in Humans. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 108:41-73. [PMID: 32285168 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate homeostasis involves several major organs that are the skeleton, the intestine, the kidney, and parathyroid glands. Major regulators of phosphate homeostasis are parathormone, fibroblast growth factor 23, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, which respond to variations of serum phosphate levels and act to increase or decrease intestinal absorption and renal tubular reabsorption, through the modulation of expression of transcellular transporters at the intestinal and/or renal tubular level. Any acquired or genetic dysfunction in these major organs or regulators may induce hypo- or hyperphosphatemia. The causes of hypo- and hyperphosphatemia are numerous. This review develops the main causes of acquired and genetic hypo- and hyperphosphatemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugénie Koumakis
- Reference Center for Rare Disorders of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Reference Center for Rare Genetic Bone Disorders, OSCAR Filière, Rheumatology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP Centre-Paris University, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France.
| | - Catherine Cormier
- Reference Center for Rare Disorders of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Reference Center for Rare Genetic Bone Disorders, OSCAR Filière, Rheumatology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP Centre-Paris University, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Christian Roux
- Reference Center for Rare Disorders of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Reference Center for Rare Genetic Bone Disorders, OSCAR Filière, Rheumatology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP Centre-Paris University, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Karine Briot
- Reference Center for Rare Disorders of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Reference Center for Rare Genetic Bone Disorders, OSCAR Filière, Rheumatology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP Centre-Paris University, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
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Abstract
Sarcopenia describes low muscle mass and strength associated with ageing, whilst reduced physical performance indicates the severity of the condition. It can happen independently of other medical conditions and can be a key feature of the frailty phenotype. Frailty is a syndrome of increased vulnerability to incomplete resolution of homeostasis, following a stressor event. Researchers have described the implications of hypothalamic pituitary dysregulation in the pathogenesis of both entities. This review summarizes the recent evidence in this area as well as other endocrine factors such as insulin resistance and vitamin D status and outlines current research priorities. We conducted searches to PubMed and Embase databases for articles, reviews and studies reporting new data on the interaction between hormones of the endocrine system and frailty and/ or sarcopenia in the last 5 years. Interventional studies, cohort studies, case-control studies and animal studies were included. Clinical trials register was also searched to identify ongoing relevant studies. Studies have given us insights into the complex relationships between factors such as anabolic hormones, glucocorticoids and vitamin D on muscle strength and performance and their involvement in ageing phenotypes. However, robust randomized controlled trials are needed to consolidate existing evidence in humans and inform clinical practice. Current evidence supports hormone replacement in patients with confirmed deficiencies, to optimize health and prevent complications. Hormone replacement has limited use for age-related conditions. Current interest is focused on muscle/bone/fat interactions and health outcomes in "sarcopenic obesity." A life-course approach to improving 'health-span' is advocated. Lifestyle factors such as nutrition and physical activity have important interactions with body composition, physical function and metabolic outcomes. Large-scale clinical trials will determine the efficacy and long-term safety of hormone supplementation in the management of sarcopenia and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Kamwa
- Musculoskeletal Endocrinology Research Group, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK - .,Academic Metabolic Bone Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK - .,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK -
| | - Carly Welch
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zaki K Hassan-Smith
- Musculoskeletal Endocrinology Research Group, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK.,Academic Metabolic Bone Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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