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Mbaye B, Wasfy RM, Alou MT, Borentain P, Gerolami R, Dufour JC, Million M. A catalog of ethanol-producing microbes in humans. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:697-714. [PMID: 38700288 PMCID: PMC11259083 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Endogenous ethanol production emerges as a mechanism of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity, diabetes and auto-brewery syndrome. Methods: To identify ethanol-producing microbes in humans, we used the NCBI taxonomy browser and the PubMed database with an automatic query and manual verification. Results: 85 ethanol-producing microbes in human were identified. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida and Pichia were the most represented fungi. Enterobacteriaceae was the most represented bacterial family with mainly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Species of the Lachnospiraceae and Clostridiaceae family, of the Lactobacillales order and of the Bifidobacterium genus were also identified. Conclusion: This catalog will help the study of ethanol-producing microbes in human in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention and management of human diseases associated with endogenous ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babacar Mbaye
- Aix Marseille Université, AP-HM, MEPHI, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Reham Magdy Wasfy
- Aix Marseille Université, AP-HM, MEPHI, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Maryam Tidjani Alou
- Aix Marseille Université, AP-HM, MEPHI, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Borentain
- Department of Hepatology, La Timone University Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Rene Gerolami
- Aix Marseille Université, AP-HM, MEPHI, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Department of Hepatology, La Timone University Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Charles Dufour
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service Biostatistique et Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Million
- Aix Marseille Université, AP-HM, MEPHI, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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2
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Torrellas M, Pietrafesa R, Ferrer-Pinós A, Capece A, Matallana E, Aranda A. Optimizing growth and biomass production of non- Saccharomyces wine yeast starters by overcoming sucrose consumption deficiency. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1209940. [PMID: 37346752 PMCID: PMC10280074 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1209940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts as starters in winemaking has increased exponentially in the last years. For instance, non-conventional yeasts have proven useful for the improvement of the organoleptic profile and biocontrol. Active dry yeast starter production has been optimized for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which may entail problems for the propagation of non-Saccharomyces yeasts. This work shows that the poor growth of Hanseniaspora vineae and Metschnikowia pulcherrima in molasses is related to a deficient sucrose consumption, linked to their low invertase activity. In order to address this issue, simple modifications to the cultivation media based hydrolysis and the reduction of sucrose concentration were performed. We performed biomass propagation simulations at a bench-top and bioreactor scale. The results show that cultivation in a hexose-based media improved biomass production in both species, as it solves their low invertase activity. The reduction in sugar concentration promoted a metabolic shift to a respiratory metabolism, which allowed a higher biomass yield, but did not improve total biomass production, due to the lower sugar availability. To evaluate the technological performance of these adaptations, we performed mixed grape juice fermentations with biomass produced in such conditions of M. pulcherrima and S. cerevisiae. The analysis of wines produced revealed that the different treatments we have tested did not have any negative impact on wine quality, further proving their applicability at an industrial level for the improvement of biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Torrellas
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocchina Pietrafesa
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Aroa Ferrer-Pinós
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angela Capece
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Emilia Matallana
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Agustín Aranda
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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3
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Hoffmann A, Franz A, Walther T, Löser C. Utilization of delactosed whey permeate for the synthesis of ethyl acetate with Kluyveromyces marxianus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1635-1648. [PMID: 36786916 PMCID: PMC10006051 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl acetate is an important organic solvent and currently produced from fossil carbon resources. Microbial synthesis of this ester from sugar-rich waste could be an interesting alternative. Therefore, synthesis of ethyl acetate by Kluyveromyces marxinanus DSM 5422 from delactosed whey permeate (DWP) was studied in an aerated stirred bioreactor at 40 °C. DWP is mainly composed of residual lactose and minerals. The minerals inhibited yeast growth, as witnessed by an increased lag period, a reduced growth rate, and an extended process duration. All experiments were therefore carried out with diluted DWP. In a series of batch experiments, the pH of iron-deficient DWP medium varied between 4.8 and 5.9. The pH of the cultivation medium significantly influenced cell growth and product syntheses, with the highest ethyl acetate yield of 0.347 g g-1 and lowest by-product formation achieved at pH 5.1. It is likely that this effect is due to pH-dependent iron chelation, which affects the iron bioavailability and the intracellular iron content, thus affecting growth and metabolite synthesis. The viability of yeast cells was always high despite the harsh conditions in DWP medium, which enabled extended usage of the biomass in repeated-batch and fed-batch cultivations. These two culture techniques increased the volume of DWP processed per time by 32 and 84% for the repeated-batch and the fed-batch cultivation, respectively, without a drop of the ester yield. KEY POINTS: • Delactosed whey permeate was converted to ethyl acetate with a high rate and yield. • The formation of ethyl acetate in DWP medium at iron limitation is pH-dependent. • Highly active yeasts from batch processes enabled extension as fed and repeated batch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoffmann
- Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Franz
- Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Walther
- Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Löser
- Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
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4
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Sampaolesi S, Briand LE, De Antoni G, León Peláez A. The synthesis of soluble and volatile bioactive compounds by selected brewer's yeasts: Antagonistic effect against enteropathogenic bacteria and food spoiler - toxigenic Aspergillus sp. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100193. [PMID: 35499005 PMCID: PMC9039894 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Brewing fermentation residue possesses bacteriostatic and fungicidal activity. Crude brewing fermentation residue is an antimicrobial agent. Brewer’s yeasts secrete soluble and volatile bioactive compounds. Ethanol and 2,3-butanediol possess bacteriostatic and antifungal properties.
Contamination by Aspergillus sp. and the accumulation of its mycotoxins in food and beverages have a high impact on human health and food safety. This investigation inquires the ability of brewer’s yeasts discarded after fermentation (brewing fermentation residue, BFR) to synthesize bioactive compounds and to biocontrol Aspergillus sp. BFRs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MBELGA62 and Pichia kudriavzevii MBELGA61 proved to have bacteriostatic properties and to be efficient in fungal growth reduction, decreasing the growth rate of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus up to 37.8% and 42.5%, respectively. Fungal mycelium degradation along with absentia of conidia was detected near the yeast inoculum. Moreover, the yeasts synthesize volatile bioactive compounds that extend Aspergillus sp. lag phase above 100% and decrease fungal growth rates from 20% towards 44%, along with the complete inhibition of conidia synthesis. These results indicate the potential of this residue to be used in biocontrol applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Sampaolesi
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas – Dr. Jorge J. Ronco CINDECA, CCT La Plata-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 No 257, B1900AJK La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Corresponding author.
| | - Laura E. Briand
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas – Dr. Jorge J. Ronco CINDECA, CCT La Plata-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 No 257, B1900AJK La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela De Antoni
- Cátedra Libre en Salud y Derechos Humanos, Cátedra de Microbiología. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, s/No, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angela León Peláez
- Cátedra Libre en Salud y Derechos Humanos, Cátedra de Microbiología. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, s/No, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Mewa Ngongang M, Du Plessis H, Boredi C, Hutchinson U, Ntwampe K, Okudoh V, Jolly N. Physiological and Antagonistic Properties of Pichia kluyveri for Curative and Preventive Treatments Against Post-Harvest Fruit Fungi. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/139278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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6
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Jin H, Chuai W, Li K, Hou G, Wu M, Chen J, Wang H, Jia J, Han D, Hu Q. Ultrahigh-cell-density heterotrophic cultivation of the unicellular green alga Chlorella sorokiniana for biomass production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4138-4151. [PMID: 34264522 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella has achieved commercial success, but the application of Chlorella biomass is still limited due to the high cost of biomass production. In this study, an effective and industrially scalable heterotrphic cultivation technology has been developed for a production strain Chlorella sorokiniana GT-1. Under the optimized culturing conditions, the ultrahigh biomass concentration of 271 and 247 g L-1 was achieved in 7.5 L bench-scale and 1000 L pilot-scale fermenters, respectively. Technoeconomic (TE) analysis indicated that the production cost of C. sorokiniana GT-1 could be reduced to $1601.27 per ton of biomass if the biomass concentration reached 200 g L-1 , which is 24.2% lower than that of the reported highest Chlorella biomass production through fermentation with the same TE model. Under the same growth conditions, the maximum biomass concentration of a low-starch mutant SLM2 was reduced to 93 g L-1 , which was 54% lower than that of the wild type, indicating the capabilities of C. sorokiniana GT-1 cells in accumulating large amounts of starch are essential for achieving the ultrahigh-cell-density under the heterotrophic conditions. In addition, the ultrahigh-cell-density growth potential of C. sorokiniana GT-1 cells was inferred to be related to the intrinsic biological characteristics including the tolerance to low dissolved oxygen and a moderate doubling time under the heterotrophic conditions as well. The breakthrough in cultivation technology is promising for Chlorella industry and would expand its applications in food and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Jin
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhua Chuai
- Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., LTD., State Development & Investment Corp., Beijing, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoli Hou
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingcan Wu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., LTD., State Development & Investment Corp., Beijing, China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., LTD., State Development & Investment Corp., Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Peng N, Yao Z, Wang Z, Huang J, Khan MT, Chen B, Zhang M. Fungal deterioration of the bagasse storage from the harvested sugarcane. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:152. [PMID: 34215313 PMCID: PMC8254370 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugarcane is an essential crop for sugar and ethanol production. Immediate processing of sugarcane is necessary after harvested because of rapid sucrose losses and deterioration of stalks. This study was conducted to fill the knowledge gap regarding the exploration of fungal communities in harvested deteriorating sugarcane. Experiments were performed on simulating production at 30 °C and 40 °C after 0, 12, and 60 h of sugarcane harvesting and powder-processing. RESULTS Both pH and sucrose content declined significantly within 12 h. Fungal taxa were unraveled using ITS amplicon sequencing. With the increasing temperature, the diversity of the fungal community decreased over time. The fungal community structure significantly changed within 12 h of bagasse storage. Before stored, the dominant genus (species) in bagasse was Wickerhamomyces (W. anomalus). Following storage, Kazachstania (K. humilis) and Saccharomyces (S. cerevisiae) gradually grew, becoming abundant fungi at 30 °C and 40 °C. The bagasse at different temperatures had a similar pattern after storage for the same intervals, indicating that the temperature was the primary cause for the variation of core features. Moreover, most of the top fungal genera were significantly correlated with environmental factors (pH and sucrose of sugarcane, storage time, and temperature). In addition, the impact of dominant fungal species isolated from the deteriorating sugarcane on sucrose content and pH in the stored sugarcane juice was verified. CONCLUSIONS The study highlighted the importance of timeliness to refine sugar as soon as possible after harvesting the sugarcane. The lessons learned from this research are vital for sugarcane growers and the sugar industry for minimizing post-harvest losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Ziting Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Ziting Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Jiangfeng Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Muhammad Tahir Khan
- Sugarcane Biotechnology Group, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tando Jam, Pakistan
| | - Baoshan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
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8
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Gao H, Zhang W, Zhang J, Huang Y, Zhang J, Tian J, Niu Y, Zou C, Jia C, Chang Z, Yang X, Jiang D. Methionine biosynthesis pathway genes affect curdlan biosynthesis of Agrobacterium sp. CGMCC 11546 via energy regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:821-831. [PMID: 34216670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Curdlan is a water-insoluble exopolysaccharide produced by Agrobacterium species under nitrogen starvation. The curdlan production in the ΔmdeA, ΔmetA, ΔmetH, and ΔmetZ mutants of methionine biosynthesis pathway of Agrobacterium sp. CGMCC 11546 were significantly impaired. Fermentation profiles of four mutants showed that the consumption of ammonia and sucrose was impaired. Transcriptome analysis of the ΔmetH and ΔmetZ mutants showed that numerous differentially expressed genes involved in the electron transfer chain (ETC) were significantly down-regulated, suggesting that methionine biosynthesis pathway affected the production of energy ATP during the curdlan biosynthesis. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis of the ΔmetH and ΔmetZ mutants showed that ADP and FAD were significantly accumulated, while acetyl-CoA was diminished, suggesting that the impaired curdlan production in the ΔmetH and ΔmetZ mutants might be caused by the insufficient supply of energy ATP. Finally, the addition of both dibasic sodium succinate as a substrate of FAD recycling and methionine significantly restored the curdlan production of four mutants. In conclusion, methionine biosynthesis pathway plays an important role in curdlan biosynthesis in Agrobacterium sp. CGMCC 11546, which affected the sufficient supply of energy ATP from the ETC during the curdlan biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yimin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Jiangtao Tian
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yanning Niu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Chunjing Zou
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Caifeng Jia
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Zhongyi Chang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xuexia Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
| | - Deming Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
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9
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Delgado N, Olivera M, Cádiz F, Bravo G, Montenegro I, Madrid A, Fuentealba C, Pedreschi R, Salgado E, Besoain X. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Produced by Gluconobacter cerinus and Hanseniaspora osmophila Displaying Control Effect against Table Grape-Rot Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060663. [PMID: 34205962 PMCID: PMC8226828 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Table grapes (Vitis vinifera) are affected by botrytis bunch rot and summer bunch rot, the latter a complex disease caused by Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus spp., Penicillium expansum and Rhizopus stolonifer. To search for biocontrol alternatives, a new bioproduct composed of Gluconobacter cerinus and Hanseniaspora osmophila, a consortium called PUCV-VBL, was developed for the control of fungal rots in table grapes. Since this consortium presents new biocontrol species, the effect of their VOCs (volatile organic compounds) was evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The VOCs produced by the PUCV-VBL consortium showed the highest mycelial inhibition against Botrytis cinerea (86%). Furthermore, H. osmophila was able to inhibit sporulation of A. tubingensis and P. expansum. VOCs' effect in vivo was evaluated using berries from Red Globe, Thompson Seedless and Crimson Seedless grapes cultivars, demonstrating a mycelial inhibition by VOCs greater than 70% for all evaluated fungal species. The VOC identification of the PUCV-VBL consortium was analyzed by solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GCMS). A total 26 compounds were identified, including 1-butanol 3-methyl, propanoic acid ethyl ester, ethyl acetate, phenylethyl alcohol, isobutyl acetate and hexanoic acid ethyl ester. Our results show that VOCs are an important mode of action of the PUCV-VBL biological consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninoska Delgado
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, San Francisco s/n La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (M.O.); (F.C.); (R.P.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: (N.D.); (X.B.); Tel.: +56-32-237-2930 (X.B.)
| | - Matías Olivera
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, San Francisco s/n La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (M.O.); (F.C.); (R.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Fabiola Cádiz
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, San Francisco s/n La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (M.O.); (F.C.); (R.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Guillermo Bravo
- Molecular Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Center of Biotechnology Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avda. España 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile;
| | - Iván Montenegro
- Escuela de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Angamos 655, Reñaca, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile;
| | - Alejandro Madrid
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales y Síntesis Orgánica (LPNSO), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Avda. Leopoldo Carvallo 270, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
| | - Claudia Fuentealba
- Escuela de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Waddington 716, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, San Francisco s/n La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (M.O.); (F.C.); (R.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Eduardo Salgado
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, San Francisco s/n La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (M.O.); (F.C.); (R.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Ximena Besoain
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, San Francisco s/n La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (M.O.); (F.C.); (R.P.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: (N.D.); (X.B.); Tel.: +56-32-237-2930 (X.B.)
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10
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Löser C, Kupsch C, Walther T, Hoffmann A. A new approach for balancing the microbial synthesis of ethyl acetate and other volatile metabolites during aerobic bioreactor cultivations. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:137-153. [PMID: 33716613 PMCID: PMC7923609 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethyl acetate is an organic solvent with many industrial applications, currently produced by energy-intensive chemical processes based on fossil carbon resources. Ethyl acetate can be synthesized from renewable sugars by yeasts like Kluyveromyces marxianus in aerobic processes. However, ethyl acetate is highly volatile and thus stripped from aerated cultivation systems which complicate the quantification of the produced ester. Synthesis of volatile metabolites is commonly monitored by repeated analysis of metabolite concentrations in both the gas and liquid phase. In this study, a model-based method for quantifying the synthesis and degradation of volatile metabolites was developed. This quantification of volatiles is solely based on repeatedly measured gas-phase concentrations and allows calculation of reaction rates and yields in high temporal resolution. Parameters required for these calculations were determined in abiotic stripping tests. The developed method was validated for ethyl acetate, ethanol and acetaldehyde which were synthesized by K. marxianus DSM 5422 during an iron-limited batch cultivation; it was shown that the presented method is more precise and less time-consuming than the conventional method. The biomass-specific synthesis rate and the yield of ethyl acetate varied over time and exhibited distinct momentary maxima of 0.50 g g‒1h‒1 and 0.38 g g‒1 at moderate iron limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Löser
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Natural Materials TechnologyTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Christian Kupsch
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Natural Materials TechnologyTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Thomas Walther
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Natural Materials TechnologyTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Andreas Hoffmann
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Natural Materials TechnologyTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
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11
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Hoffmann A, Kupsch C, Walther T, Löser C. Synthesis of ethyl acetate from glucose by Kluyveromyces marxianus, Cyberlindnera jadinii and Wickerhamomyces anomalus depending on the induction mode. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:154-168. [PMID: 33716614 PMCID: PMC7923572 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethyl acetate is currently produced from fossil carbon resources. This ester could also be microbially synthesized from sugar-rich wastes of the food industry. Wild-type strains with GRAS status are preferred for such applications. Production of ethyl acetate by wild-type yeasts has been repeatedly reported, but comparative studies with several strains at various induction modes are largely missing. Here, synthesis of ethyl acetate by three yeasts with GRAS status, Kluyveromyces marxianus DSM 5422, Cyberlindnera jadinii DSM 2361 and Wickerhamomyces anomalus DSM 6766, was studied under identical and well-defined conditions in an aerated bioreactor, by inducing the ester synthesis via iron or oxygen limitation. Balancing the ester synthesis was based on measured concentrations of ethyl acetate in the exhaust gas, delivering masses of synthesized ester and synthesis rates in a high temporal resolution. All tested yeasts synthesized ethyl acetate under these conditions, but the intensity varied with the strain and induction mode. The highest yields were achieved under iron limitation with K. marxianus (0.182 g g-1) and under oxygen limitation with W. anomalus (0.053 g g-1). Iron limitation proved to be the better inducer for ester synthesis while oxygen limitation favored ethanol formation. K. marxianus DSM 5422 was the most potent producer of ethyl acetate exhibiting the highest biomass-specific synthesis rate of 0.5 g g-1h-1 under moderate iron limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoffmann
- Chair of Bioprocess EngineeringInstitute of Natural Materials TechnologyTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Christian Kupsch
- Chair of Bioprocess EngineeringInstitute of Natural Materials TechnologyTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Thomas Walther
- Chair of Bioprocess EngineeringInstitute of Natural Materials TechnologyTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Christian Löser
- Chair of Bioprocess EngineeringInstitute of Natural Materials TechnologyTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
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12
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Patinios C, Lanza L, Corino I, Franssen MCR, Van der Oost J, Weusthuis RA, Kengen SWM. Eat1-Like Alcohol Acyl Transferases From Yeasts Have High Alcoholysis and Thiolysis Activity. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:579844. [PMID: 33193208 PMCID: PMC7658179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.579844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Esters are important flavor and fragrance compounds that are present in many food and beverage products. Many of these esters are produced by yeasts and bacteria during fermentation. While ester production in yeasts through the alcohol acyl transferase reaction has been thoroughly investigated, ester production through alcoholysis has been completely neglected. Here, we further analyze the catalytic capacity of the yeast Eat1 enzyme and demonstrate that it also has alcoholysis and thiolysis activities. Eat1 can perform alcoholysis in an aqueous environment in vitro, accepting a wide range of alcohols (C2-C10) but only a small range of acyl donors (C2-C4). We show that alcoholysis occurs in vivo in several Crabtree negative yeast species but also in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that overexpress Eat1 homologs. The alcoholysis activity of Eat1 was also used to upgrade ethyl esters to butyl esters in vivo by overexpressing Eat1 in Clostridium beijerinckii. Approximately 17 mM of butyl acetate and 0.3 mM of butyl butyrate could be produced following our approach. Remarkably, the in vitro alcoholysis activity is 445 times higher than the previously described alcohol acyl transferase activity. Thus, alcoholysis is likely to affect the ester generation, both quantitatively and qualitatively, in food and beverage production processes. Moreover, mastering the alcoholysis activity of Eat1 may give rise to the production of novel food and beverage products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Patinios
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lucrezia Lanza
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Inge Corino
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Maurice C. R. Franssen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - John Van der Oost
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ruud A. Weusthuis
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Servé W. M. Kengen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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13
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Torrellas M, Rozès N, Aranda A, Matallana E. Basal catalase activity and high glutathione levels influence the performance of non-Saccharomyces active dry wine yeasts. Food Microbiol 2020; 92:103589. [PMID: 32950173 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts are useful tools for producing wines with complex aromas or low ethanol content. Their use in wine would benefit from their production as active dry yeast (ADY) starters to be used as co-inocula alongside S. cerevisiae. Oxidative stress during biomass propagation and dehydration is a key factor in determining ADY performance, as it affects yeast vitality and viability. Several studies have analysed the response of S. cerevisiae to oxidative stress under dehydration conditions, but not so many deal with non-conventional yeasts. In this work, we analysed eight non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts under biomass production conditions and studied oxidative stress parameters and lipid composition. The results revealed wide variability among species in their technological performance during ADY production. Also, for Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Starmerella bacillaris, better performance correlates with high catalase activity and glutathione levels. Our data suggest that non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts with an enhanced oxidative stress response are better suited to grow under ADY production conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Torrellas
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, C/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Nicolas Rozès
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Agustín Aranda
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, C/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Emilia Matallana
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, C/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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14
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Bohnenkamp AC, Kruis AJ, Mars AE, Wijffels RH, van der Oost J, Kengen SWM, Weusthuis RA. Multilevel optimisation of anaerobic ethyl acetate production in engineered Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:65. [PMID: 32280373 PMCID: PMC7137189 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethyl acetate is a widely used industrial solvent that is currently produced by chemical conversions from fossil resources. Several yeast species are able to convert sugars to ethyl acetate under aerobic conditions. However, performing ethyl acetate synthesis anaerobically may result in enhanced production efficiency, making the process economically more viable. RESULTS We engineered an E. coli strain that is able to convert glucose to ethyl acetate as the main fermentation product under anaerobic conditions. The key enzyme of the pathway is an alcohol acetyltransferase (AAT) that catalyses the formation of ethyl acetate from acetyl-CoA and ethanol. To select a suitable AAT, the ethyl acetate-forming capacities of Atf1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Eat1 from Kluyveromyces marxianus and Eat1 from Wickerhamomyces anomalus were compared. Heterologous expression of the AAT-encoding genes under control of the inducible LacI/T7 and XylS/Pm promoters allowed optimisation of their expression levels. CONCLUSION Engineering efforts on protein and fermentation level resulted in an E. coli strain that anaerobically produced 42.8 mM (3.8 g/L) ethyl acetate from glucose with an unprecedented efficiency, i.e. 0.48 C-mol/C-mol or 72% of the maximum pathway yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Bohnenkamp
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksander J. Kruis
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid E. Mars
- Biobased Products, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rene H. Wijffels
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway
| | - John van der Oost
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Servé W. M. Kengen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud A. Weusthuis
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Kruis AJ, Bohnenkamp AC, Nap B, Nielsen J, Mars AE, Wijffels RH, van der Oost J, Kengen SWM, Weusthuis RA. From Eat to trEat: engineering the mitochondrial Eat1 enzyme for enhanced ethyl acetate production in Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:76. [PMID: 32328168 PMCID: PMC7168974 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic engineering of microorganisms has become a common practice to establish microbial cell factories for a wide range of compounds. Ethyl acetate is an industrial solvent that is used in several applications, mainly as a biodegradable organic solvent with low toxicity. While ethyl acetate is produced by several natural yeast species, the main mechanism of production has remained elusive until the discovery of Eat1 in Wickerhamomyces anomalus. Unlike other yeast alcohol acetyl transferases (AATs), Eat1 is located in the yeast mitochondria, suggesting that the coding sequence contains a mitochondrial pre-sequence. For expression in prokaryotic hosts such as E. coli, expression of heterologous proteins with eukaryotic signal sequences may not be optimal. RESULTS Unprocessed and synthetically truncated eat1 variants of Kluyveromyces marxianus and Wickerhamomyces anomalus have been compared in vitro regarding enzyme activity and stability. While the specific activity remained unaffected, half-life improved for several truncated variants. The same variants showed better performance regarding ethyl acetate production when expressed in E. coli. CONCLUSION By analysing and predicting the N-terminal pre-sequences of different Eat1 proteins and systematically trimming them, the stability of the enzymes in vitro could be improved, leading to an overall improvement of in vivo ethyl acetate production in E. coli. Truncated variants of eat1 could therefore benefit future engineering approaches towards efficient ethyl acetate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander J. Kruis
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna C. Bohnenkamp
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Nap
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem Nielsen
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid E. Mars
- Biobased Products, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rene H. Wijffels
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway
| | - John van der Oost
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Servé W. M. Kengen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud A. Weusthuis
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Kruis AJ, Bohnenkamp AC, Patinios C, van Nuland YM, Levisson M, Mars AE, van den Berg C, Kengen SW, Weusthuis RA. Microbial production of short and medium chain esters: Enzymes, pathways, and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Mewa-Ngongang M, du Plessis HW, Ntwampe SKO, Chidi BS, Hutchinson UF, Mekuto L, Jolly NP. The Use of Candida pyralidae and Pichia kluyveri to Control Spoilage Microorganisms of Raw Fruits Used for Beverage Production. Foods 2019; 8:E454. [PMID: 31590435 PMCID: PMC6835701 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Undesired fermentation of fruit-derived beverages by fungal, yeast and bacterial spoilage organisms are among the major contributors of product losses in the food industry. As an alternative to chemical preservatives, the use of Candida pyralidae and Pichia kluyveri was assessed for antimicrobial activity against several yeasts (Dekkera bruxellensis, Dekkera anomala, Zygosaccharomyces bailii) and fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum and Rhizopus stolonifer) associated with spoilage of fruit and fruit-derived beverages. The antagonistic properties of C. pyralidae and P. kluyveri were evaluated on cheap solidified medium (grape pomace extract) as well as on fruits (grapes and apples). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from C. pyralidae and P. kluyveri deemed to have antimicrobial activity were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A cell suspension of C. pyralidae and P. kluyveri showed growth inhibition activity against all spoilage microorganisms studied. Direct contact and extracellular VOCs were two of the mechanisms of inhibition. Twenty-five VOCs belonging to the categories of alcohols, organic acids and esters were identified as potential sources for the biocontrol activity observed in this study. This study reports, for the first time, the ability of C. pyralidae to inhibit fungal growth and also for P. kluyveri to show growth inhibition activity against spoilage organisms (n = 6) in a single study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Mewa-Ngongang
- PostHarvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij (The Fruit, Vine and Wine Institute of the Agricultural Research Council), Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; (H.W.d.P.); (B.S.C.); (U.F.H.); (N.P.J.)
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (S.K.O.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Heinrich W. du Plessis
- PostHarvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij (The Fruit, Vine and Wine Institute of the Agricultural Research Council), Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; (H.W.d.P.); (B.S.C.); (U.F.H.); (N.P.J.)
| | - Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (S.K.O.N.); (L.M.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Boredi Silas Chidi
- PostHarvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij (The Fruit, Vine and Wine Institute of the Agricultural Research Council), Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; (H.W.d.P.); (B.S.C.); (U.F.H.); (N.P.J.)
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (S.K.O.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Ucrecia Faith Hutchinson
- PostHarvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij (The Fruit, Vine and Wine Institute of the Agricultural Research Council), Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; (H.W.d.P.); (B.S.C.); (U.F.H.); (N.P.J.)
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (S.K.O.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; (S.K.O.N.); (L.M.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Neil Paul Jolly
- PostHarvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij (The Fruit, Vine and Wine Institute of the Agricultural Research Council), Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; (H.W.d.P.); (B.S.C.); (U.F.H.); (N.P.J.)
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19
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Thomas SC, Tamadonfar KO, Seymour CO, Lai D, Dodsworth JA, Murugapiran SK, Eloe-Fadrosh EA, Dijkstra P, Hedlund BP. Position-Specific Metabolic Probing and Metagenomics of Microbial Communities Reveal Conserved Central Carbon Metabolic Network Activities at High Temperatures. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1427. [PMID: 31333598 PMCID: PMC6624737 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a primary driver of microbial community composition and taxonomic diversity; however, it is unclear to what extent temperature affects characteristics of central carbon metabolic pathways (CCMPs) at the community level. In this study, 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenome sequencing were combined with 13C-labeled metabolite probing of the CCMPs to assess community carbon metabolism along a temperature gradient (60–95°C) in Great Boiling Spring, NV. 16S rRNA gene amplicon diversity was inversely proportional to temperature, and Archaea were dominant at higher temperatures. KO richness and diversity were also inversely proportional to temperature, yet CCMP genes were similarly represented across the temperature gradient and many individual metagenome-assembled genomes had complete pathways. In contrast, genes encoding cellulosomes and many genes involved in plant matter degradation and photosynthesis were absent at higher temperatures. In situ13C-CO2 production from labeled isotopomer pairs of glucose, pyruvate, and acetate suggested lower relative oxidative pentose phosphate pathway activity and/or fermentation at 60°C, and a stable or decreased maintenance energy demand at higher temperatures. Catabolism of 13C-labeled citrate, succinate, L-alanine, L-serine, and L-cysteine was observed at 85°C, demonstrating broad heterotrophic activity and confirming functioning of the TCA cycle. Together, these results suggest that temperature-driven losses in biodiversity and gene content in geothermal systems may not alter CCMP function or maintenance energy demands at a community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Thomas
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Kevin O Tamadonfar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Cale O Seymour
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Dengxun Lai
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Jeremy A Dodsworth
- Department of Biology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | | | - Emiley A Eloe-Fadrosh
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Paul Dijkstra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center of Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Brian P Hedlund
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States.,Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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20
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Tiukova IA, Brandenburg J, Blomqvist J, Sampels S, Mikkelsen N, Skaugen M, Arntzen MØ, Nielsen J, Sandgren M, Kerkhoven EJ. Proteome analysis of xylose metabolism in Rhodotorula toruloides during lipid production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:137. [PMID: 31171938 PMCID: PMC6547517 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1478-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhodotorula toruloides is a promising platform organism for production of lipids from lignocellulosic substrates. Little is known about the metabolic aspects of lipid production from the lignocellolosic sugar xylose by oleaginous yeasts in general and R. toruloides in particular. This study presents the first proteome analysis of the metabolism of R. toruloides during conversion of xylose to lipids. RESULTS Rhodotorula toruloides cultivated on either glucose or xylose was subjected to comparative analysis of its growth dynamics, lipid composition, fatty acid profiles and proteome. The maximum growth and sugar uptake rate of glucose-grown R. toruloides cells were almost twice that of xylose-grown cells. Cultivation on xylose medium resulted in a lower final biomass yield although final cellular lipid content was similar between glucose- and xylose-grown cells. Analysis of lipid classes revealed the presence of monoacylglycerol in the early exponential growth phase as well as a high proportion of free fatty acids. Carbon source-specific changes in lipid profiles were only observed at early exponential growth phase, where C18 fatty acids were more saturated in xylose-grown cells. Proteins involved in sugar transport, initial steps of xylose assimilation and NADPH regeneration were among the proteins whose levels increased the most in xylose-grown cells across all time points. The levels of enzymes involved in the mevalonate pathway, phospholipid biosynthesis and amino acids biosynthesis differed in response to carbon source. In addition, xylose-grown cells contained higher levels of enzymes involved in peroxisomal beta-oxidation and oxidative stress response compared to cells cultivated on glucose. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the present study suggest that sugar import is the limiting step during xylose conversion by R. toruloides into lipids. NADPH appeared to be regenerated primarily through pentose phosphate pathway although it may also involve malic enzyme as well as alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases. Increases in enzyme levels of both fatty acid biosynthesis and beta-oxidation in xylose-grown cells was predicted to result in a futile cycle. The results presented here are valuable for the development of lipid production processes employing R. toruloides on xylose-containing substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ievgeniia A. Tiukova
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jule Brandenburg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Blomqvist
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Sabine Sampels
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nils Mikkelsen
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Morten Skaugen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Magnus Ø. Arntzen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eduard J. Kerkhoven
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
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Association of Anoxybacillus sp. with acid off-flavor development in a spoiled, boiled, rice dish. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 286:111-119. [PMID: 30059888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Off-flavor is one of the most common food complaints. In this study, we demonstrated that acetic acid produced by Anoxybacillus sp. contamination of takikomi-gohan (boiled rice with sweet potato mixed in advance) was considered the causative agent of acid off-flavor development. First, we conducted whole genome sequencing of the bacterial strain (S1674) isolated from the remains of the contaminated takikomi-gohan, and phylogenetic analysis of k-mer diversity demonstrated that S1674 belongs to the Anoxybacillus genus. Gene expression analysis of S1674 RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) indicated that the genes encoding enzymes responsible for acetic acid formation, namely ackA1, eutD, pflA, pflB, and pykA, were upregulated in high-temperature cultures in Thermus medium supplemented with soluble starch. Additionally, we succeeded in reproducing the acid off-flavor by adding S1674 to boiled rice stored at 37 °C, 45 °C, and 60 °C. The most strongly detected organic acid was acetic acid, at the odor threshold value or more in both the air and condensation samples. Our findings suggest that some Anoxybacillus sp. produce acetic acid as a byproduct of carbohydrate metabolism, potentially causing the complaint of acid off-flavor even under high-temperature conditions in which other bacteria cannot survive.
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Alcohol Acetyltransferase Eat1 Is Located in Yeast Mitochondria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01640-18. [PMID: 30054364 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01640-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eat1 is a recently discovered alcohol acetyltransferase responsible for bulk ethyl acetate production in yeasts such as Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Kluyveromyces lactis These yeasts have the potential to become efficient bio-based ethyl acetate producers. However, some fundamental features of Eat1 are still not understood, which hampers the rational engineering of efficient production strains. The cellular location of Eat1 in yeast is one of these features. To reveal its location, Eat1 was fused with yeast-enhanced green fluorescent protein (yEGFP) to allow intracellular tracking. Despite the current assumption that bulk ethyl acetate production occurs in the yeast cytosol, most of Eat1 localized to the mitochondria of Kluyveromyces lactis CBS 2359 Δku80 We then compared five bulk ethyl acetate-producing yeasts in iron-limited chemostats with glucose as the carbon source. All yeasts produced ethyl acetate under these conditions. This strongly suggests that the mechanism and location of bulk ethyl acetate synthesis are similar in these yeast strains. Furthermore, an in silico analysis showed that Eat1 proteins from various yeasts were mostly predicted as mitochondrial. Altogether, it is concluded that Eat1-catalyzed ethyl acetate production occurs in yeast mitochondria. This study has added new insights into bulk ethyl acetate synthesis in yeast, which is relevant for developing efficient production strains.IMPORTANCE Ethyl acetate is a common bulk chemical that is currently produced from petrochemical sources. Several Eat1-containing yeast strains naturally produce large amounts of ethyl acetate and are potential cell factories for the production of bio-based ethyl acetate. Rational design of the underlying metabolic pathways may result in improved production strains, but it requires fundamental knowledge on the function of Eat1. A key feature is the location of Eat1 in the yeast cell. The precursors for ethyl acetate synthesis can be produced in multiple cellular compartments through different metabolic pathways. The location of Eat1 determines the relevance of each pathway, which will provide future targets for the metabolic engineering of bulk ethyl acetate production in yeast.
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Brandenburg J, Poppele I, Blomqvist J, Puke M, Pickova J, Sandgren M, Rapoport A, Vedernikovs N, Passoth V. Bioethanol and lipid production from the enzymatic hydrolysate of wheat straw after furfural extraction. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6269-6277. [PMID: 29804136 PMCID: PMC6013517 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates biofuel production from wheat straw hydrolysate, from which furfural was extracted using a patented method developed at the Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry. The solid remainder after furfural extraction, corresponding to 67.6% of the wheat straw dry matter, contained 69.9% cellulose of which 4% was decomposed during the furfural extraction and 26.3% lignin. Enzymatic hydrolysis released 44% of the glucose monomers in the cellulose. The resulting hydrolysate contained mainly glucose and very little amount of acetic acid. Xylose was not detectable. Consequently, the undiluted hydrolysate did not inhibit growth of yeast strains belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lipomyces starkeyi, and Rhodotorula babjevae. In the fermentations, average final ethanol concentrations of 23.85 g/l were obtained, corresponding to a yield of 0.53 g ethanol per g released glucose. L. starkeyi generated lipids with a rate of 0.08 g/h and a yield of 0.09 g per g consumed glucose. R. babjevae produced lipids with a rate of 0.18 g/h and a yield of 0.17 per g consumed glucose. In both yeasts, desaturation increased during cultivation. Remarkably, the R. babjevae strain used in this study produced considerable amounts of heptadecenoic, α,- and γ-linolenic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jule Brandenburg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O.-Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ieva Poppele
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str., 1-537, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Johanna Blomqvist
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O.-Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maris Puke
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Str. 27/345, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Jana Pickova
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O.-Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O.-Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander Rapoport
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str., 1-537, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Nikolajs Vedernikovs
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Str. 27/345, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Volkmar Passoth
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O.-Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Golubeva LI, Shupletsov MS, Mashko SV. Metabolic Flux Analysis using 13C Isotopes: III. Significance for Systems Biology and Metabolic Engineering. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683817090058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Molecular and functional characterization of two pyruvate decarboxylase genes, PDC1 and PDC5, in the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3723-3737. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8862-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Yeast diversity in relation to the production of fuels and chemicals. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14259. [PMID: 29079838 PMCID: PMC5660169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to ethanol, yeasts have the potential to produce many other industrially-relevant chemicals from numerous different carbon sources. However there remains a paucity of information about overall capability across the yeast family tree. Here, 11 diverse species of yeasts with genetic backgrounds representative of different branches of the family tree were investigated. They were compared for their abilities to grow on a range of sugar carbon sources, to produce potential platform chemicals from such substrates and to ferment hydrothermally pretreated rice straw under simultaneous saccharification and fermentation conditions. The yeasts differed considerably in their metabolic capabilities and production of ethanol. A number could produce significant amounts of ethyl acetate, arabinitol, glycerol and acetate in addition to ethanol, including from hitherto unreported carbon sources. They also demonstrated widely differing efficiencies in the fermentation of sugars derived from pre-treated rice straw biomass and differential sensitivities to fermentation inhibitors. A new catabolic property of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (NCYC 65) was discovered in which sugar substrate is cleaved but the products are not metabolised. We propose that engineering this and some of the other properties discovered in this study and transferring such properties to conventional industrial yeast strains could greatly expand their biotechnological utility.
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Dutta S, Roychoudhary S, Sarangi BK. Effect of different physico-chemical parameters for natural indigo production during fermentation of Indigofera plant biomass. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:322. [PMID: 28955619 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0923-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural indigo production from Indigofera plant biomass requires fermentation of biomass, oxidation of fermented broth, settling of oxidized product (indigo), filtration and recovery. In this study, we have investigated roles of physico-chemical parameters during fermentation with respect to product yield. The study showed that water-to-biomass ratio (1:10), fermentation duration (0, 6, 12, 18, 24 h), pH (6-7.5), dissolved oxygen concentration; DO (0.5-3 mg ml-1), oxidation reduction potential ORP (+50 to -300 mV) and temperature (25-40 °C) during fermentation, oxidation and dye recovery from the broth are directly or indirectly related to indigo yield. Biomass fermentation for 12 h at 40 °C incubation temperature yields the highest biogenic indigo (2.84 mg g-1) out of the different experimental conditions.
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A Pichia anomala Strain (P. anomala M1) Isolated from Traditional Greek Sausage is an Effective Producer of Extracellular Lipolytic Enzyme in Submerged Fermentation. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation3030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Kruis AJ, Levisson M, Mars AE, van der Ploeg M, Garcés Daza F, Ellena V, Kengen SW, van der Oost J, Weusthuis RA. Ethyl acetate production by the elusive alcohol acetyltransferase from yeast. Metab Eng 2017; 41:92-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Mishra S, Aeri V. Fermentation process of traditional Asokarista using Wickerhamomyces anomalusand its optimization using three-factor, three-level Box–Behnken design. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2016.1165701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Karaoglan M, Karaoglan FE, Inan M. Functional analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 38:463-9. [PMID: 26573637 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the genes responsible for ethanol utilization in Pichia pastoris. RESULTS ADH3 (XM_002491337) and ADH (FN392323) genes were disrupted in P. pastoris. The ADH3 mutant strain, MK115 (Δadh3), lost its ability to grow on minimal ethanol media but produced ethanol in minimal glucose medium. ADH3p was responsible for 92 % of total Adh enzyme activity in glucose media. The double knockout strain MK117 (Δadh3Δadh) also produced ethanol. The Adh activities of X33 and MK116 (Δadh) strains were not different. Thus, the ADH gene does not play a role in ethanol metabolism. CONCLUSION The PpADH3 is the only gene responsible for consumption of ethanol in P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Karaoglan
- Department of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, Dumlupinar Bulvari Campus, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fidan Erden Karaoglan
- Department of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, Dumlupinar Bulvari Campus, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Inan
- Department of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, Dumlupinar Bulvari Campus, 07058, Antalya, Turkey.
- Food Safety and Agricultural Research Center, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey.
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Abstract
The yeasts constitute a large group of microorganisms characterized by the ability to grow and survive in different and stressful conditions and then to colonize a wide range of environmental and human ecosystems. The competitive traits against other microorganisms have attracted increasing attention from scientists, who proposed their successful application as bioprotective agents in the agricultural, food and medical sectors. These antagonistic activities rely on the competition for nutrients, production and tolerance of high concentrations of ethanol, as well as the synthesis of a large class of antimicrobial compounds, known as killer toxins, which showed clearly a large spectrum of activity against food spoilage microorganisms, but also against plant, animal and human pathogens. This review describes the antimicrobial mechanisms involved in the antagonistic activity, their applications in the processed and unprocessed food sectors, as well as the future perspectives in the development of new bio-drugs, which may overcome the limitations connected to conventional antimicrobial and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Muccilli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L'analisi dell'Economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, Corso Savoia 190, 95024 Acireale, CT, Italy.
| | - Cristina Restuccia
- Di3A-Dipatimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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Fletcher E, Feizi A, Kim S, Siewers V, Nielsen J. RNA-seq analysis of Pichia anomala reveals important mechanisms required for survival at low pH. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:143. [PMID: 26376644 PMCID: PMC4574170 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The product yield and titers of biological processes involving the conversion of biomass to desirable chemicals can be limited by environmental stresses encountered by the microbial hosts used for the bioconversion. One of these main stresses is growth inhibition due to exposure to low pH conditions. In order to circumvent this problem, understanding the biological mechanisms involved in acid stress response and tolerance is essential. Characterisation of wild yeasts that have a natural ability to resist such harsh conditions will pave the way to understand the biological basis underlying acid stress resistance. Pichia anomala possesses a unique ability to adapt to and tolerate a number of environmental stresses particularly low pH stress giving it the advantage to outcompete other microorganisms under such conditions. However, the genetic basis of this resistance has not been previously studied. Results To this end, we isolated an acid resistant strain of P. anomala, performed a gross phenotypic characterisation at low pH and also performed a whole genome and total RNA sequencing. By integrating the RNA-seq data with the genome sequencing data, we found that several genes associated with different biological processes including proton efflux, the electron transfer chain and oxidative phosphorylation were highly expressed in P. anomala cells grown in low pH media. We therefore present data supporting the notion that a high expression of proton pumps in the plasma membrane coupled with an increase in mitochondrial ATP production enables the high level of acid stress tolerance of P. anomala. Conclusions Our findings provide insight into the molecular and genetic basis of low pH tolerance in P. anomala which was previously unknown. Ultimately, this is a step towards developing non-conventional yeasts such as P. anomala for the production of industrially relevant chemicals under low pH conditions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-015-0331-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Fletcher
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Amir Feizi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - SungSoo Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130 Samsung-Ro YoungTong-Ku, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea. .,Biotech Research Team, Dongbu Farm Hannong Co., Ltd., Daejeon, 305-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Verena Siewers
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark.
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Burgain A, Bensoussan M, Dantigny P. Validation of a predictive model for the growth of chalk yeasts on bread. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 204:47-54. [PMID: 25847185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study focused on the effects of temperature, T, and water activity, aw, on the growth of Hyphopichia burtonii, Pichia anomala, and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera on Sabouraud Agar Medium. Cardinal values were estimated by means of cardinal models with inflection. All the yeasts were xerophilic, and they exhibited growth at 0.85 aw. The combined effects of T, aw, and pH on the growth of these species were described by the gamma-concept and validated on bread in the range of 15-25 °C, 0.91-0.97 aw, and pH 4.6-6.8. The optimum growth rates on bread were 2.88, 0.259, and 1.06 mm/day for H. burtonii, P. anomala, and S. fibuligera, respectively. The optimal growth rate of S. fibuligera on bread was about 2 fold that obtained on Sabouraud. Due to reproduction by budding, P. anomala exhibited low growth on Sabouraud and bread. However, this species is of major concern in the baker's industry because of the production of ethyl acetate in bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Burgain
- UMR PAM A 02.102, Laboratoire des Procédés Microbiologiques et Biotechnologiques, Université de Bourgogne, Agro-Sup Dijon, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Maurice Bensoussan
- UMR PAM A 02.102, Laboratoire des Procédés Microbiologiques et Biotechnologiques, Université de Bourgogne, Agro-Sup Dijon, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Dantigny
- UMR PAM A 02.102, Laboratoire des Procédés Microbiologiques et Biotechnologiques, Université de Bourgogne, Agro-Sup Dijon, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France; Université de Brest, EA 3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, ESIAB, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Löser C, Urit T, Keil P, Bley T. Studies on the mechanism of synthesis of ethyl acetate in Kluyveromyces marxianus DSM 5422. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:1131-44. [PMID: 25487884 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Kluyveromyces marxianus converts whey-borne sugar into ethyl acetate, an environmentally friendly solvent with many applications. K. marxianus DSM 5422 presumably synthesizes ethyl acetate from acetyl-SCoA. Iron limitation as a trigger for this synthesis is explained by a diminished aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase activity (both enzymes depend on iron) causing diversion of acetyl-SCoA from the tricarboxic acid cycle to ester synthesis. Copper limitation as another trigger for ester synthesis in this yeast refers to involvement of the electron transport chain (all ETC complexes depend on iron and complex IV requires copper). This hypothesis was checked by using several ETC inhibitors. Malonate was ineffective but carboxin partially inhibited complex II and initiated ester synthesis. Antimycin A and cyanide as complexes III and IV inhibitors initiated ester synthesis only at moderate levels while higher concentrations disrupted all respiration and caused ethanol formation. A restricted supply of oxygen (the terminal electron acceptor) also initiated some ester synthesis but primarily forced ethanol production. A switch from aerobic to anaerobic conditions nearly stopped ester synthesis and induced ethanol formation. Iron-limited ester formation was compared with anaerobic ethanol production; the ester yield was lower than the ethanol yield but a higher market price, a reduced number of process stages, a faster process, and decreased expenses for product recovery by stripping favor biotechnological ester production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Löser
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany,
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Tiukova I, Eberhard T, Passoth V. Interaction of Lactobacillus vini with the ethanol-producing yeasts Dekkera bruxellensis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 61:40-4. [PMID: 23772864 PMCID: PMC4033568 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus vini was recently described as a contaminant in industrial ethanol fermentations and its co-occurrence with Dekkera bruxellensis was noted. We investigated the growth characteristics of L. vini in cocultivation together with either Saccharomyces cerevisiae or D. bruxellensis. Lower cell numbers of both the yeasts and L. vini as well as a decrease in ethanol and lactate formation in mixed batch cultures compared with pure cultures were noted. L. vini formed cell aggregates (flocs) in all cultivation media with different shapes in Man–Rogosa–Sharpe and yeast extract–peptone–dextrose media. Flocs’ size and proportion of cells bound to flocs increased with increasing ethanol concentration. In coculture, formation of lactic acid bacteria–yeast cell aggregates consisting of a bacterial core with an outer layer of yeast cells was observed. L. vini–D. bruxellensis flocs had a bigger surface, due to cells protruding from the pseudomycelium. The involvement of mannose residues in the flocculation between L. vini and yeasts was tested. The presence of mannose induced deflocculation in a concentration-dependent manner. Less mannose was required for the deflocculation of D. bruxellensis as compared with S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ievgeniia Tiukova
- Uppsala Biocenter, Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Tiukova IA, de Barros Pita W, Sundell D, Haddad Momeni M, Horn SJ, Ståhlberg J, de Morais MA, Passoth V. Adaptation of Dekkera bruxellensis to lignocellulose-based substrate. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 61:51-7. [PMID: 23941546 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation of Dekkera bruxellensis to lignocellulose hydrolysate was investigated. Cells of D. bruxellensis were grown for 72 and 192 H in batch and continuous culture, respectively (adapted cells). Cultivations in semisynthetic medium were run as controls (nonadapted cells). To test the adaptation, cells from these cultures were reinoculated in the lignocellulose medium, and growth and ethanol production characteristics were monitored. Cells adapted to lignocellulose hydrolysate had a shorter lag phase, grew faster, and produced a higher ethanol concentration as compared with nonadapted cells. A stability test showed that after cultivation in rich medium, cells partially lost the adapted phenotype but still showed faster growth and higher ethanol production as compared with nonadapted cells. Because alcohol dehydrogenase genes have been described to be involved in the adaptation to furfural in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an analogous mechanism of adaptation to lignocelluloses hydrolysate of D. bruxellensis was hypothesized. However, gene expression analysis showed that genes homologous to S. cerevisiae ADH1 were not involved in the adaptation to lignocelluloses hydrolysate in D. bruxellensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ievgeniia A Tiukova
- Uppsala Biocenter, Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7025750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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Schwentke J, Sabel A, Petri A, König H, Claus H. The yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus AS1 secretes a multifunctional exo-β-1,3-glucanase with implications for winemaking. Yeast 2014; 31:349-59. [PMID: 25044257 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A multifunctional exo-β-1,3-glucanase (WaExg2) was purified from the culture supernatant of the yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus AS1. The enzyme was identified by mass spectroscopic analysis of tryptic peptide fragments and the encoding gene WaEXG2 was sequenced. The latter codes for a protein of 427 amino acids, beginning with a probable signal peptide (17 aa) for secretion. The mature protein has a molecular mass of 47 456 Da with a calculated pI of 4.84. The somewhat higher mass of the protein in SDS-PAGE might be due to bound carbohydrates. Presumptive disulphide bridges confer a high compactness to the molecule. This explains the apparent smaller molecular mass (35 kDa) of the native enzyme determined by electrophoresis, whereas the unfolded form is consistent with the theoretical mass. Enzymatic hydrolysis of selected glycosides and glycans by WaExg2 was proved by TLC analysis of cleavage products. Glucose was detected as the sole hydrolysis product from laminarin, underlining that the enzyme acts as an exoglucanase. In addition, the enzyme efficiently hydrolysed small β-linked glycosides (arbutin, esculin, polydatin, salicin) and disaccharides (cellobiose, gentiobiose). WaExg2 was active under typical wine-related conditions, such as low pH (3.5-4.0), high sugar concentrations (up to 20% w/v), high ethanol concentrations (10-15% v/v), presence of sulphites (up to 2 mm) and various cations. Therefore, the characterized enzyme might have multiple uses in winemaking, to increase concentrations of sensory and bioactive compounds by splitting glycosylated precursors or to reduce viscosity by hydrolysis of glycan slimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schwentke
- Institute for Microbiology and Wine Research, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Use of chemostat cultures mimicking different phases of wine fermentations as a tool for quantitative physiological analysis. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:85. [PMID: 24928139 PMCID: PMC4070652 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-13-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most relevant yeast species conducting the alcoholic fermentation that takes place during winemaking. Although the physiology of this model organism has been extensively studied, systematic quantitative physiology studies of this yeast under winemaking conditions are still scarce, thus limiting the understanding of fermentative metabolism of wine yeast strains and the systematic description, modelling and prediction of fermentation processes. In this study, we implemented and validated the use of chemostat cultures as a tool to simulate different stages of a standard wine fermentation, thereby allowing to implement metabolic flux analyses describing the sequence of metabolic states of S. cerevisae along the wine fermentation. Results Chemostat cultures mimicking the different stages of standard wine fermentations of S. cerevisiae EC1118 were performed using a synthetic must and strict anaerobic conditions. The simulated stages corresponded to the onset of the exponential growth phase, late exponential growth phase and cells just entering stationary phase, at dilution rates of 0.27, 0.04, 0.007 h−1, respectively. Notably, measured substrate uptake and product formation rates at each steady state condition were generally within the range of corresponding conversion rates estimated during the different batch fermentation stages. Moreover, chemostat data were further used for metabolic flux analysis, where biomass composition data for each condition was considered in the stoichiometric model. Metabolic flux distributions were coherent with previous analyses based on batch cultivations data and the pseudo-steady state assumption. Conclusions Steady state conditions obtained in chemostat cultures reflect the environmental conditions and physiological states of S. cerevisiae corresponding to the different growth stages of a typical batch wine fermentation, thereby showing the potential of this experimental approach to systematically study the effect of environmental relevant factors such as temperature, sugar concentration, C/N ratio or (micro) oxygenation on the fermentative metabolism of wine yeast strains.
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Estela-Escalante WD, Rychtera M, Melzoch K, Torres-Ibáñez F, Calixto-Cotos R, Bravo-Araníbar N, Memenza-Zegarra ME, Chávez-Guzmán YM. Efecto de la aireación en la producción de compuestos volátiles por cultivo mixto de Brettanomyces intermedius y Saccharomyces cerevisiae durante la fermentación de sidra. TIP REVISTA ESPECIALIZADA EN CIENCIAS QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1405-888x(14)70316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Löser C, Urit T, Bley T. Perspectives for the biotechnological production of ethyl acetate by yeasts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5397-415. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kwasiborski A, Bajji M, Renaut J, Delaplace P, Jijakli MH. Identification of metabolic pathways expressed by Pichia anomala Kh6 in the presence of the pathogen Botrytis cinerea on apple: new possible targets for biocontrol improvement. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91434. [PMID: 24614090 PMCID: PMC3948861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast Pichia anomala strain Kh6 Kurtzman (Saccharomycetales: Endomycetaceae) exhibits biological control properties that provide an alternative to the chemical fungicides currently used by fruit or vegetable producers against main post-harvest pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea (Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae). Using an in situ model that takes into account interactions between organisms and a proteomic approach, we aimed to identify P. anomala metabolic pathways influenced by the presence of B. cinerea. A total of 105 and 60 P. anomala proteins were differentially represented in the exponential and stationary growth phases, respectively. In the exponential phase and in the presence of B. cinerea, the pentose phosphate pathway seems to be enhanced and would provide P. anomala with the needed nucleic acids and energy for the wound colonisation. In the stationary phase, P. anomala would use alcoholic fermentation both in the absence and presence of the pathogen. These results would suggest that the competitive colonisation of apple wounds could be implicated in the mode of action of P. anomala against B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Kwasiborski
- Plant Pathology Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech/University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Mohammed Bajji
- Plant Pathology Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech/University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Proteomics Platform, Department of Environment and Agrobiotechnologies/Centre de Recherche Public Gabriel Lippmann, Belvaux, Luxemburg
| | - Pierre Delaplace
- Plant Biology Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech/University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - M. Haissam Jijakli
- Plant Pathology Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech/University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is an efficient method for analyzing (13)C labelling of cellular metabolites. The strength of it is especially the ability to provide direct quantitative positional information on the (13)C labelling status of carbon atoms in metabolites. NMR spectroscopic methods allow also for detection of contiguously (13)C-labelled fragments in the carbon backbones of the metabolites. Furthermore, the recent developments of NMR spectroscopy hardware have substantially improved the sensitivity of the methods. In this chapter we describe a method for analyzing the (13)C labelling of the biomass amino acids for metabolic flux analysis, sample preparation for NMR spectroscopy, acquiring and processing the NMR spectra, and extracting the (13)C labelling information from the NMR data. Different NMR methods are applied depending on the (13)C labelling strategy chosen. These strategies include uniform (13)C labelling, positional (13)C labelling, or a combination of both. Not only the preparation of sample for analysis of (13)C labelling in proteinogenic amino acids in biomass is described, but also the necessary modifications to the method when analysis of (13)C labelling in free metabolic intermediates is of interest. Finally the strategies for using the different NMR-detected (13)C labelling data in (13)C MFA are discussed.
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Abstract
Metabolic flux analysis based on tracing patterns of stable isotopes, particularly (13)C, comprises a set of methodologies to experimentally quantify intracellular biochemical reaction rates, i.e., to measure carbon flux distributions through a metabolic network. This allows quantifying the response of a metabolic network to an environmental or genetic perturbation (i.e., the metabolic phenotype). Here, we describe a protocol based on growing yeast on a (13)C-labelled substrate and subsequent NMR detection of (13)C-patterns in proteinogenic amino acids. To calculate metabolic fluxes, we describe two complementary mathematical approaches using available software; namely, an approach based on the estimation of local ratios in network nodes, and a method based on a global iterative fitting approach. Furthermore, we consider specificities of these protocols for their application to the yeast Pichia pastoris growing on multicarbon substrates other than glucose (glycerol), as well as the case when methanol is used as co-substrate in combination with glucose or glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Ferrer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain,
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Zha Y, Hossain AH, Tobola F, Sedee N, Havekes M, Punt PJ. Pichia anomala 29X: a resistant strain for lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate fermentation. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 13:609-17. [PMID: 23826802 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To efficiently use lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates as fermentation media for bioethanol production, besides being capable of producing significant amount of ethanol, the fermenting host should also meet the following two requirements: (1) resistant to the inhibitory compounds formed during biomass pretreatment process, (2) capable of utilizing C5 sugars, such as xylose, as carbon source. In our laboratory, a screening was conducted on microorganisms collected from environmental sources for their tolerance to hydrolysate inhibitors. A unique resistant strain was selected and identified as Pichia anomala (Wickerhamomyces anomalus), deposited as CBS 132101. The strain is able to produce ethanol in various biomass hydrolysates, both with and without oxygen. Besides, the strain could assimilate xylose and use nitrate as N source. These physiological characteristics make P. anomala an interesting strain for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zha
- TNO Microbiology & Systems Biology, Zeist, The Netherlands; Netherlands Metabolomics Centre (NMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
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Tiukova IA, Petterson ME, Tellgren-Roth C, Bunikis I, Eberhard T, Pettersson OV, Passoth V. Transcriptome of the alternative ethanol production strain Dekkera bruxellensis CBS 11270 in sugar limited, low oxygen cultivation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58455. [PMID: 23516483 PMCID: PMC3596373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dekkera bruxellensis can outcompete Saccharomyces cerevisiae in environments with low sugar concentrations. It is usually regarded as a spoilage yeast but has lately been identified as an alternative ethanol production organism. In this study, global gene expression in the industrial isolate D. bruxellensis CBS 11270 under oxygen and glucose limitation was investigated by whole transcriptome sequencing using the AB SOLiD technology. Among other observations, we noted expression of respiratory complex I NADH-ubiquinone reductase although D. bruxellensis is a Crabtree positive yeast. The observed higher expression of NADH-generating enzymes compared to NAD+-generating enzymes might be the reason for the previously observed NADH imbalance and resulting Custer effect in D. bruxellensis. Low expression of genes involved in glycerol production is probably the molecular basis for high efficiency of D. bruxellensis metabolism under nutrient limitation. No D. bruxellensis homologs to the genes involved in the final reactions of glycerol biosynthesis were detected. A high number of expressed sugar transporter genes is consistent with the hypothesis that the competitiveness of D. bruxellensis is due to a higher affinity for the limiting substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ievgeniia A. Tiukova
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala Biocenter, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats E. Petterson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala Biocenter, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Tellgren-Roth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala Genome Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ignas Bunikis
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala Genome Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Eberhard
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala Biocenter, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olga Vinnere Pettersson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala Genome Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Volkmar Passoth
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala Biocenter, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Passoth V, Tabassum MR, Nair HA, Olstorpe M, Tiukova I, Ståhlberg J. Enhanced ethanol production from wheat straw by integrated storage and pre-treatment (ISP). Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 52:105-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Urit T, Manthey R, Bley T, Löser C. Formation of ethyl acetate byKluyveromyces marxianuson whey: Influence of aeration and inhibition of yeast growth by ethyl acetate. Eng Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201200077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thanet Urit
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Dresden University of Technology; Dresden; Germany
| | - Rene Manthey
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Dresden University of Technology; Dresden; Germany
| | - Thomas Bley
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Dresden University of Technology; Dresden; Germany
| | - Christian Löser
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Dresden University of Technology; Dresden; Germany
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Formation of ethyl acetate from whey by Kluyveromyces marxianus on a pilot scale. J Biotechnol 2013; 163:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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50
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Winter G, Krömer JO. Fluxomics - connecting ‘omics analysis and phenotypes. Environ Microbiol 2013; 15:1901-16. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gal Winter
- Centre for Microbial Electrosynthesis (CEMES); Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC); University of Queensland; Brisbane; Qld; Australia
| | - Jens O. Krömer
- Centre for Microbial Electrosynthesis (CEMES); Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC); University of Queensland; Brisbane; Qld; Australia
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