1
|
Map Schuh C, Ezquer F, Mamani S, Campodónico PR, Cárcamo C, Martinez-Gómez F, Aburto I, Ezquer M, Morales B, Olivares B. A Natural deep eutectic solvent as an effective material for dual debridement and antibiofilm effects in chronic wound treatment. Int J Pharm 2024; 663:124553. [PMID: 39103063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
In chronic wound treatment, the debridement of devitalized tissue and the eradication of the biofilm must balance aggressiveness with care to protect regenerating tissues. In this study, urea, a potent chaotropic molecule, was modulated through the formation of a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) with betaine to develop a new debriding material (BU) suitable for application into injured dermal tissues. To evaluate BU's debriding capacity, along with its antibiofilm effect and biocompatibility, pre-clinical to clinical methods were employed. In vitro determinations using artificial and clinical slough samples indicate that BU has a high debriding capacity. Additionally, BU's de-structuring effects lead to a strong antibiofilm capability, demonstrated by a reduced bacterial load compared to the antiseptic PHMB-Betaine or medical honey, evaluated in artificial slough and ex vivo human skin. Furthermore, BU's efficacy was evaluated in a murine model of diabetic wound, demonstrating significant effects on debriding and antibiofilm capacity, similar to those observed in PHMB-Betaine and medical honey-treated animals. Finally, BU was clinically evaluated in leg ulcers, showing superiority in reduction of bacterial load and wound area compared to honey, with no adverse effects. Thus, BU represents a simple and non-biocidal option that could contributes to chronic wound care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Map Schuh
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sigde Mamani
- Centro de Química Medica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola R Campodónico
- Centro de Química Medica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Cárcamo
- Centro de Química Medica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Martinez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isabel Aburto
- Fundación Instituto Nacional de Heridas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Belén Olivares
- Centro de Química Medica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Holt JD, Schultz D, Nadell CD. Dispersal of a dominant competitor can drive multispecies coexistence in biofilms. Curr Biol 2024; 34:4129-4142.e4. [PMID: 39163856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite competition for both space and nutrients, bacterial species often coexist within structured, surface-attached communities termed biofilms. While these communities play important, widespread roles in ecosystems and are agents of human infection, understanding how multiple bacterial species assemble to form these communities and what physical processes underpin the composition of multispecies biofilms remains an active area of research. Using a model three-species community composed of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis, we show with cellular-scale resolution that biased dispersal of the dominant community member, P. aeruginosa, prevents competitive exclusion from occurring, leading to the coexistence of the three species. A P. aeruginosa bqsS deletion mutant no longer undergoes periodic mass dispersal, leading to the local competitive exclusion of E. coli. Introducing periodic, asymmetric dispersal behavior into minimal models, parameterized by only maximal growth rate and local density, supports the intuition that biased dispersal of an otherwise dominant competitor can permit coexistence generally. Colonization experiments show that WT P. aeruginosa is superior at colonizing new areas, in comparison to ΔbqsS P. aeruginosa, but at the cost of decreased local competitive ability against E. coli and E. faecalis. Overall, our experiments document how one species' modulation of a competition-dispersal-colonization trade-off can go on to influence the stability of multispecies coexistence in spatially structured ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Holt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Daniel Schultz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Carey D Nadell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bisht K, Elmassry MM, Mahmud HA, Bhattacharjee S, Deonarine A, Black C, Francisco MJS, Hamood AN, Wakeman CA. Malonate is relevant to the lung environment and induces genome-wide stress responses in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4870062. [PMID: 39315254 PMCID: PMC11419262 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4870062/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Versatility in carbon source utilization is a major contributor to niche adaptation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Malonate is among the abundant carbon sources in the lung airways, yet it is understudied. Recently, we characterized how malonate impacts quorum sensing regulation, antibiotic resistance, and virulence factor production in P. aeruginosa. Herein, we show that malonate as a carbon source supports more robust growth in comparison to glycerol in several cystic fibrosis isolates of P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, we show phenotypic responses to malonate were conserved among clinical strains, i.e., formation of biomineralized biofilm-like aggregates, increased tolerance to kanamycin, and increased susceptibility to norfloxacin. Moreover, we explored transcriptional adaptations of P. aeruginosa UCBPP-PA14 (PA14) in response to malonate versus glycerol as a sole carbon source using transcriptomics. Malonate utilization activated glyoxylate and methylcitrate cycles and induced several stress responses, including oxidative, anaerobic, and metal stress responses associated with increases in intracellular aluminum and strontium. We identified several genes that were required for optimal growth of P. aeruginosa in malonate. Our findings reveal important remodeling of P. aeruginosa gene expression during its growth on malonate as a sole carbon source that is accompanied by several important phenotypic changes. These findings add to the accumulating literature highlighting the role of different carbon sources in the physiology of P. aeruginosa and its niche adaptation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Rajewska M, Maciąg T, Narajczyk M, Jafra S. Carbon Source and Substrate Surface Affect Biofilm Formation by the Plant-Associated Bacterium Pseudomonas donghuensis P482. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8351. [PMID: 39125921 PMCID: PMC11312691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of bacteria to colonize diverse environmental niches is often linked to their competence in biofilm formation. It depends on the individual characteristics of a strain, the nature of the colonized surface (abiotic or biotic), or the availability of certain nutrients. Pseudomonas donghuensis P482 efficiently colonizes the rhizosphere of various plant hosts, but a connection between plant tissue colonization and the biofilm formation ability of this strain has not yet been established. We demonstrate here that the potential of P482 to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces and the structural characteristics of the biofilm are influenced by the carbon source available to the bacterium, with glycerol promoting the process. Also, the type of substratum, polystyrene or glass, impacts the ability of P482 to attach to the surface. Moreover, P482 mutants in genes associated with motility or chemotaxis, the synthesis of polysaccharides, and encoding proteases or regulatory factors, which affect biofilm formation on glass, were fully capable of colonizing the root tissue of both tomato and maize hosts. Investigating the role of cellular factors in biofilm formation using these plant-associated bacteria shows that the ability of bacteria to form biofilm on abiotic surfaces does not necessarily mirror its ability to colonize plant tissues. Our research provides a broader perspective on the adaptation of these bacteria to various environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rajewska
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Maciąg
- Institute of Biology, Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Narajczyk
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Jafra
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Y, Liang X, Chen N, Yuan X, Wang J, Wu Q, Ding Y. The promotion of biofilm dispersion: a new strategy for eliminating foodborne pathogens in the food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-25. [PMID: 39054781 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2354524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Food safety is a critical global concern due to its direct impact on human health and overall well-being. In the food processing environment, biofilm formation by foodborne pathogens poses a significant problem as it leads to persistent and high levels of food contamination, thereby compromising the quality and safety of food. Therefore, it is imperative to effectively remove biofilms from the food processing environment to ensure food safety. Unfortunately, conventional cleaning methods fall short of adequately removing biofilms, and they may even contribute to further contamination of both equipment and food. It is necessary to develop alternative approaches that can address this challenge in food industry. One promising strategy in tackling biofilm-related issues is biofilm dispersion, which represents the final step in biofilm development. Here, we discuss the biofilm dispersion mechanism of foodborne pathogens and elucidate how biofilm dispersion can be employed to control and mitigate biofilm-related problems. By shedding light on these aspects, we aim to provide valuable insights and solutions for effectively addressing biofilm contamination issues in food industry, thus enhancing food safety and ensuring the well-being of consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangfu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinmin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
David A, Tahrioui A, Tareau AS, Forge A, Gonzalez M, Bouffartigues E, Lesouhaitier O, Chevalier S. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Lifecycle: Involvement of Mechanical Constraints and Timeline of Matrix Production. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:688. [PMID: 39199987 PMCID: PMC11350761 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing acute and chronic infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. Its remarkable adaptability and resistance to various antimicrobial treatments make it difficult to eradicate. Its persistence is enabled by its ability to form a biofilm. Biofilm is a community of sessile micro-organisms in a self-produced extracellular matrix, which forms a scaffold facilitating cohesion, cell attachment, and micro- and macro-colony formation. This lifestyle provides protection against environmental stresses, the immune system, and antimicrobial treatments, and confers the capacity for colonization and long-term persistence, often characterizing chronic infections. In this review, we retrace the events of the life cycle of P. aeruginosa biofilm, from surface perception/contact to cell spreading. We focus on the importance of extracellular appendages, mechanical constraints, and the kinetics of matrix component production in each step of the biofilm life cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sylvie Chevalier
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Univ Caen Normandie, Normandie Univ, CBSA UR 4312, F-76000 Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Catania S, Bottinelli M, Fincato A, Tondo A, Matucci A, Nai G, Righetti V, Abbate F, Ramírez AS, Gobbo F, Merenda M. Pathogenic avian mycoplasmas show phenotypic differences in their biofilm forming ability compared to non-pathogenic species in vitro. Biofilm 2024; 7:100190. [PMID: 38515541 PMCID: PMC10955283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas are known as the minimalist microorganisms in the microbes' world. Their minimalist nature makes them highly sensitive to the environmental conditions and limits their ability to survive for extended periods outside their animal host. Nevertheless, there are documented instances of mycoplasma transmission over significant distances and this phenomenon may be linked to relatively unexplored abilities of mycoplasmas, such as their capacity to synthesize biofilm-the predominant mode of bacterial growth in nature. The authors decided to establish a method aimed at inducing the clustering of mycoplasma planktonic cells within a biofilm in vitro and subsequently assess the capacity of certain avian mycoplasmas to synthesize a biofilm. A total of 299 avian mycoplasma isolates were included in the study, encompassing both pathogenic (Mycoplasma gallisepticum, M. synoviae, M. meleagridis, M. iowae) and non-pathogenic species (M. gallinaceum, M. gallinarum, M. iners and M. pullorum). The authors successfully demonstrated the feasibility of inducing avian mycoplasmas to synthetize in vitro a biofilm, which can be visually quantified. The only species that did not produce any biofilm was M. iowae. In general, the pathogenic mycoplasmas produced greater quantities of biofilm compared to the non-pathogenic ones. Furthermore, it was observed that the ability to produce biofilm appeared to vary, both qualitatively and quantitatively, not only among different species but also among isolates of a single species. Future studies will be necessary to determine whether biofilm production plays a pivotal epidemiological role for the pathogenic avian mycoplasmas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Catania
- Unità Micoplasmi, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Avian Mycoplasmosis (M. Gallisepticum, M. Synoviae), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 37060, Buttapietra, (VR), Italy
| | - Marco Bottinelli
- Unità Micoplasmi, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Avian Mycoplasmosis (M. Gallisepticum, M. Synoviae), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 37060, Buttapietra, (VR), Italy
| | - Alice Fincato
- Unità Micoplasmi, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Avian Mycoplasmosis (M. Gallisepticum, M. Synoviae), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 37060, Buttapietra, (VR), Italy
| | - Annalucia Tondo
- Unità Micoplasmi, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Avian Mycoplasmosis (M. Gallisepticum, M. Synoviae), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 37060, Buttapietra, (VR), Italy
| | - Andrea Matucci
- Unità Micoplasmi, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Avian Mycoplasmosis (M. Gallisepticum, M. Synoviae), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 37060, Buttapietra, (VR), Italy
| | - Giorgia Nai
- Unità Micoplasmi, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Avian Mycoplasmosis (M. Gallisepticum, M. Synoviae), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 37060, Buttapietra, (VR), Italy
| | - Verdiana Righetti
- Unità Micoplasmi, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Avian Mycoplasmosis (M. Gallisepticum, M. Synoviae), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 37060, Buttapietra, (VR), Italy
| | - Francesco Abbate
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Messina, 98168, Messina, ME, Italy
| | - Ana S. Ramírez
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413, Arucas, Spain
| | - Federica Gobbo
- Unità Micoplasmi, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Avian Mycoplasmosis (M. Gallisepticum, M. Synoviae), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 37060, Buttapietra, (VR), Italy
| | - Marianna Merenda
- Unità Micoplasmi, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Avian Mycoplasmosis (M. Gallisepticum, M. Synoviae), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 37060, Buttapietra, (VR), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Miller IR, Bui H, Wood JB, Fields MW, Gerlach R. Understanding phycosomal dynamics to improve industrial microalgae cultivation. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:680-698. [PMID: 38184438 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Algal-bacterial interactions are ubiquitous in both natural and industrial systems, and the characterization of these interactions has been reinvigorated by potential applications in biosystem productivity. Different growth conditions can be used for operational functions, such as the use of low-quality water or high pH/alkalinity, and the altered operating conditions likely constrain microbial community structure and function in unique ways. However, research is necessary to better understand whether consortia can be designed to improve the productivity, processing, and sustainability of industrial-scale cultivations through different controls that can constrain microbial interactions for maximal light-driven outputs. The review highlights current knowledge and gaps for relevant operating conditions, as well as suggestions for near-term and longer-term improvements for large-scale cultivation and polyculture engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac R Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA; Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Huyen Bui
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Jessica B Wood
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA; Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Matthew W Fields
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA; Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA; Energy Research Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
| | - Robin Gerlach
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA; Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA; Energy Research Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Bozeman, MT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pan S, Underhill SAM, Hamm CW, Stover MA, Butler DR, Shults CA, Manjarrez JR, Cabeen MT. Glycerol metabolism impacts biofilm phenotypes and virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. mSphere 2024; 9:e0078623. [PMID: 38501832 PMCID: PMC11036800 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00786-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous bacterium and a notorious opportunistic pathogen that forms biofilm structures in response to many environmental cues. Biofilm formation includes attachment to surfaces and the production of the exopolysaccharide Pel, which is present in both the PAO1 and PA14 laboratory strains of P. aeruginosa. Biofilms help protect bacterial cells from host defenses and antibiotics and abet infection. The carbon source used by the cells also influences biofilm, but these effects have not been deeply studied. We show here that glycerol, which can be liberated from host surfactants during infection, encourages surface attachment and magnifies colony morphology differences. We find that glycerol kinase is important but not essential for glycerol utilization and relatively unimportant for biofilm behaviors. Among downstream enzymes predicted to take part in glycerol utilization, Edd stood out as being important for glycerol utilization and for enhanced biofilm phenotypes in the presence of glycerol. Thus, gluconeogenesis and catabolism of anabolically produced glucose appear to impact not only the utilization of glycerol but also glycerol-stimulated biofilm phenotypes. Finally, waxworm moth larvae and nematode infection models reveal that interruption of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, but not abrogation of glycerol phosphorylation, unexpectedly increases P. aeruginosa lethality in both acute and chronic infections, even while stimulating a stronger immune response by Caenorhabditis elegans.IMPORTANCEPseudomonas aeruginosa, the ubiquitous environmental bacterium and human pathogen, forms multicellular communities known as biofilms in response to various stimuli. We find that glycerol, a common carbon source that bacteria can use for energy and biosynthesis, encourages biofilm behaviors such as surface attachment and colony wrinkling by P. aeruginosa. Glycerol can be derived from surfactants that are present in the human lungs, a common infection site. Glycerol-stimulated biofilm phenotypes do not depend on phosphorylation of glycerol but are surprisingly impacted by a glucose breakdown pathway, suggesting that it is glycerol utilization, and not its mere presence or cellular import, that stimulates biofilm phenotypes. Moreover, the same mutations that block glycerol-stimulated biofilm phenotypes also impact P. aeruginosa virulence in both acute and chronic animal models. Notably, a glucose-breakdown mutant (Δedd) counteracts biofilm phenotypes but shows enhanced virulence and stimulates a stronger immune response in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somalisa Pan
- Department of Microbiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Christopher W. Hamm
- Department of Microbiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mylissa A. Stover
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, OSU Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Daxton R. Butler
- Department of Microbiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Crystal A. Shults
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, OSU Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jacob R. Manjarrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, OSU Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Matthew T. Cabeen
- Department of Microbiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bisht K, Elmassry MM, Al Mahmud H, Bhattacharjee S, Deonarine A, Black C, San Francisco MJ, Hamood AN, Wakeman CA. Global stress response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa upon malonate utilization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.26.586813. [PMID: 38585990 PMCID: PMC10996706 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Versatility in carbon source utilization assists Pseudomonas aeruginosa in its adaptation to various niches. Recently, we characterized the role of malonate, an understudied carbon source, in quorum sensing regulation, antibiotic resistance, and virulence factor production in P. aeruginosa . These results indicate that global responses to malonate metabolism remain to be uncovered. We leveraged a publicly available metabolomic dataset on human airway and found malonate to be as abundant as glycerol, a common airway metabolite and carbon source for P. aeruginosa . Here, we explored and compared adaptations of P. aeruginosa UCBPP-PA14 (PA14) in response to malonate or glycerol as a sole carbon source using transcriptomics and phenotypic assays. Malonate utilization activated glyoxylate and methylcitrate cycles and induced several stress responses, including oxidative, anaerobic, and metal stress responses associated with increases in intracellular aluminum and strontium. Some induced genes were required for optimal growth of P. aeruginosa in malonate. To assess the conservation of malonate-associated responses among P. aeruginosa strains, we compared our findings in strain PA14 with other lab strains and cystic fibrosis isolates of P. aeruginosa . Most strains grew on malonate as a sole carbon source as efficiently as or better than glycerol. While not all responses to malonate were conserved among strains, formation of biomineralized biofilm-like aggregates, increased tolerance to kanamycin, and increased susceptibility to norfloxacin were the most frequently observed phenotypes. Our findings reveal global remodeling of P. aeruginosa gene expression during its growth on malonate as a sole carbon source that is accompanied by several important phenotypic changes. These findings add to accumulating literature highlighting the role of different carbon sources in the physiology of P. aeruginosa and its niche adaptation. Importance Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a notorious pathogen that causes local and systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals. Different carbon sources can uniquely modulate metabolic and virulence pathways in P. aeruginosa , highlighting the importance of the environment that the pathogen occupies. In this work, we used a combination of transcriptomic analysis and phenotypic assays to determine how malonate utilization impacts P. aeruginosa, as recent evidence indicates this carbon source may be relevant to certain niches associated within the human host. We found that malonate utilization can induce global stress responses, alter metabolic circuits, and influence various phenotypes of P. aeruginosa that could influence host colonization. Investigating the metabolism of malonate provides insight into P. aeruginosa adaptations to specific niches where this substrate is abundant, and how it can be leveraged in the development of much-needed antimicrobial agents or identification of new therapeutic targets of this difficult-to-eradicate pathogen.
Collapse
|
11
|
Shahzad S, Krug SA, Mouriño S, Huang W, Kane MA, Wilks A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa heme metabolites biliverdin IXβ and IXδ are integral to lifestyle adaptations associated with chronic infection. mBio 2024; 15:e0276323. [PMID: 38319089 PMCID: PMC10936436 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02763-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a versatile opportunistic pathogen requiring iron for its survival and virulence within the host. The ability to switch to heme as an iron source and away from siderophore uptake provides an advantage in chronic infection. We have recently shown the extracellular heme metabolites biliverdin IXβ (BVIXβ) and BVIXδ positively regulate the heme-dependent cell surface signaling cascade. We further investigated the role of BVIXβ and BVIXδ in cell signaling utilizing allelic strains lacking a functional heme oxygenase (hemOin) or one reengineered to produce BVIXα (hemOα). Compared to PAO1, both strains show a heme-dependent growth defect, decreased swarming and twitching, and less robust biofilm formation. Interestingly, the motility and biofilm defects were partially rescued on addition of exogenous BVIXβ and BVIXδ. Utilizing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we performed a comparative proteomics and metabolomics analysis of PAO1 versus the allelic strains in shaking and static conditions. In shaking conditions, the hemO allelic strains showed a significant increase in proteins involved in quorum sensing, phenazine production, and chemotaxis. Metabolite profiling further revealed increased levels of Pseudomonas quinolone signal and phenazine metabolites. In static conditions, we observed a significant repression of chemosensory pathways and type IV pili biogenesis proteins as well as several phosphodiesterases associated with biofilm dispersal. We propose BVIX metabolites function as signaling and chemotactic molecules integrating heme utilization as an iron source into the adaptation of P. aeruginosa from a planktonic to sessile lifestyle. IMPORTANCE The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes long-term chronic infection in the airways of cystic fibrosis patients. The ability to scavenge iron and to establish chronic infection within this environment coincides with a switch to utilize heme as the primary iron source. Herein, we show the heme metabolites biliverdin beta and delta are themselves important signaling molecules integrating the switch in iron acquisition systems with cooperative behaviors such as motility and biofilm formation that are essential for long-term chronic infection. These significant findings will enhance the development of viable multi-targeted therapeutics effective against both heme utilization and cooperative behaviors essential for survival and persistence within the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Shahzad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samuel A. Krug
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susana Mouriño
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Angela Wilks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang J, Liu Y, Hu J, Leng G, Liu X, Cui Z, Wang W, Ma Y, Sha S. Cellulase Promotes Mycobacterial Biofilm Dispersal in Response to a Decrease in the Bacterial Metabolite Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1051. [PMID: 38256125 PMCID: PMC10816823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilm dispersal contributes to bacterial spread and disease transmission. However, its exact mechanism, especially that in the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is unclear. In this study, the cellulase activity of the M. tuberculosis Rv0062 protein was characterized, and its effect on mycobacterial biofilm dispersal was analyzed by observation of the structure and components of Rv0062-treated biofilm in vitro. Meanwhile, the metabolite factors that induced cellulase-related biofilm dispersal were also explored with metabolome analysis and further validations. The results showed that Rv0062 protein had a cellulase activity with a similar optimum pH (6.0) and lower optimum temperature (30 °C) compared to the cellulases from other bacteria. It promoted mycobacterial biofilm dispersal by hydrolyzing cellulose, the main component of extracellular polymeric substrates of mycobacterial biofilm. A metabolome analysis revealed that 107 metabolites were significantly altered at different stages of M. smegmatis biofilm development. Among them, a decrease in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) promoted cellulase-related biofilm dispersal, and this effect was realized with the down-regulation of the bacterial signal molecule c-di-GMP. All these findings suggested that cellulase promotes mycobacterial biofilm dispersal and that this process is closely associated with biofilm metabolite alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Junxing Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Guangxian Leng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Xining Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Zailin Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Wenzhen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (W.W.)
| | - Yufang Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (W.W.)
- Department of Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shanshan Sha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (W.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kalia M, Amari D, Davies DG, Sauer K. cis-DA-dependent dispersion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm and identification of cis-DA-sensory protein DspS. mBio 2023; 14:e0257023. [PMID: 38014955 PMCID: PMC10746223 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02570-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Dispersion is an essential stage of the biofilm life cycle resulting in the release of bacteria from a biofilm into the surrounding environment. Dispersion contributes to bacterial survival by relieving overcrowding within a biofilm and allowing dissemination of cells into new habitats for colonization. Thus, dispersion can contribute to biofilm survival as well as disease progression and transmission. Cells dispersed from a biofilm rapidly lose their recalcitrant antimicrobial-tolerant biofilm phenotype and transition to a state that is susceptible to antibiotics. However, much of what is known about this biofilm developmental stage has been inferred from exogenously induced dispersion. Our findings provide the first evidence that native dispersion is coincident with reduced cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate levels, while also relying on at least some of the same factors that are central to the environmentally induced dispersion response, namely, BdlA, DipA, RbdA, and AmrZ. Additionally, we demonstrate for the first time that cis-DA signaling to induce dispersion is attributed to the two-component sensor/response regulator DspS, a homolog of the DSF sensor RpfC. Our findings also provide a path toward manipulating the native dispersion response as a novel and highly promising therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manmohit Kalia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Diana Amari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - David G. Davies
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Karin Sauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang S, Ma C, Long J, Cheng P, Zhang Y, Peng L, Fu L, Yu Y, Xu D, Zhang S, Qiu J, He Y, Yang H, Chen H. Impact of CRAMP-34 on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and extracellular metabolites. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1295311. [PMID: 38162583 PMCID: PMC10757720 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1295311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is a structured community of bacteria encased within a self-produced extracellular matrix. When bacteria form biofilms, they undergo a phenotypic shift that enhances their resistance to antimicrobial agents. Consequently, inducing the transition of biofilm bacteria to the planktonic state may offer a viable approach for addressing infections associated with biofilms. Our previous study has shown that the mouse antimicrobial peptide CRAMP-34 can disperse Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) biofilm, and the potential mechanism of CRAMP-34 eradicate P. aeruginosa biofilms was also investigated by combined omics. However, changes in bacterial extracellular metabolism have not been identified. To further explore the mechanism by which CRAMP-34 disperses biofilm, this study analyzed its effects on the extracellular metabolites of biofilm cells via metabolomics. The results demonstrated that a total of 258 significantly different metabolites were detected in the untargeted metabolomics, of which 73 were downregulated and 185 were upregulated. Pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites revealed that metabolic pathways are mainly related to the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids, and it also suggested that CRAMP-34 may alter the sensitivity of biofilm bacteria to antibiotics. Subsequently, it was confirmed that the combination of CRAMP-34 with vancomycin and colistin had a synergistic effect on dispersed cells. These results, along with our previous findings, suggest that CRAMP-34 may promote the transition of PAO1 bacteria from the biofilm state to the planktonic state by upregulating the extracellular glutamate and succinate metabolism and eventually leading to the dispersal of biofilm. In addition, increased extracellular metabolites of myoinositol, palmitic acid and oleic acid may enhance the susceptibility of the dispersed bacteria to the antibiotics colistin and vancomycin. CRAMP-34 also delayed the development of bacterial resistance to colistin and ciprofloxacin. These results suggest the promising development of CRAMP-34 in combination with antibiotics as a potential candidate to provide a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of biofilm-associated infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Institute National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengjun Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Institute National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinying Long
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Institute National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Institute National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Institute National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianci Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Institute National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lizhi Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Institute National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuandi Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Institute National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Dengfeng Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Institute National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Suhui Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Institute National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinjie Qiu
- Collaborative Innovation Institute National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhang He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Institute National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongzao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Institute National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Institute National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Leighton RE, Xiong L, Anderson GK, Astarita GM, Cai G, Norman RS, Decho AW. Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in vitro biofilm dispersal from microplastics influenced by simulated human environment. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236471. [PMID: 37854331 PMCID: PMC10579612 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing concerns exist regarding human ingestion of contaminated seafood that contains Vibrio biofilms on microplastics (MPs). One of the mechanisms enhancing biofilm related infections in humans is due to biofilm dispersion, a process that triggers release of bacteria from biofilms into the surrounding environment, such as the gastrointestinal tract of human hosts. Dispersal of cells from biofilms can occur in response to environmental conditions such as sudden changes in temperature, pH and nutrient conditions, as the bacteria leave the biofilm to find a more stable environment to colonize. This study evaluated how brief exposures to nutrient starvation, elevated temperature, different pH levels and simulated human media affect Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus biofilm dispersal and processes on and from low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) MPs. Both species were able to adequately disperse from all types of plastics under most exposure conditions. V. parahaemolyticus was able to tolerate and survive the low pH that resembles the gastric environment compared to V. vulnificus. pH had a significantly (p ≤ 0.05) positive effect on overall V. parahaemolyticus biofilm biomass in microplates and cell colonization from PP and PS. pH also had a positive effect on V. vulnificus cell colonization from LDPE and PP. However, most biofilm biomass, biofilm cell and dispersal cell densities of both species greatly varied after exposure to elevated temperature, pH, and nutrient starvation. It was also found that certain exposures to simulated human media affected both V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus biofilm biomass and biofilm cell densities on LDPE, PP and PS compared to exposure to traditional media of similar pH. Cyclic-di-GMP was higher in biofilm cells compared to dispersal cells, but exposure to more stressful conditions significantly increased signal concentrations in both biofilm and dispersal states. Taken together, this study suggests that human pathogenic strains of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus can rapidly disperse with high cell densities from different plastic types in vitro. However, the biofilm dispersal process is highly variable, species specific and dependent on plastic type, especially under different human body related environmental exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E. Leighton
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Liyan Xiong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Gracie K. Anderson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Grace M. Astarita
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Guoshuai Cai
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Robert Sean Norman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Alan W. Decho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wilbanks KQ, Mokrzan EM, Kesler TM, Kurbatfinski N, Goodman SD, Bakaletz LO. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae released from biofilm residence by monoclonal antibody directed against a biofilm matrix component display a vulnerable phenotype. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12959. [PMID: 37563215 PMCID: PMC10415356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms contribute significantly to pathogenesis, recurrence and/or chronicity of the majority of bacterial diseases due to their notable recalcitrance to clearance. Herein, we examined kinetics of the enhanced sensitivity of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) newly released (NRel) from biofilm residence by a monoclonal antibody against a bacterial DNABII protein (α-DNABII) to preferential killing by a β-lactam antibiotic. This phenotype was detected within 5 min and lasted for ~ 6 h. Relative expression of genes selected due to their known involvement in sensitivity to a β-lactam showed transient up-regulated expression of penicillin binding proteins by α-DNABII NTHI NRel, whereas there was limited expression of the β-lactamase precursor. Transient down-regulated expression of mediators of oxidative stress supported similarly timed vulnerability to NADPH-oxidase sensitive intracellular killing by activated human PMNs. Further, transient up-regulated expression of the major NTHI porin aligned well with observed increased membrane permeability of α-DNABII NTHI NRel, a characteristic also shown by NRel of three additional pathogens. These data provide mechanistic insights as to the transient, yet highly vulnerable, α-DNABII NRel phenotype. This heightened understanding supports continued validation of this novel therapeutic approach designed to leverage knowledge of the α-DNABII NRel phenotype for more effective eradication of recalcitrant biofilm-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Q Wilbanks
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Elaine M Mokrzan
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Theresa M Kesler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Nikola Kurbatfinski
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Steven D Goodman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Lauren O Bakaletz
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jabalameli F, Emaneini M, Beigverdi R, Halimi S, Siroosi M. Determining effects of nitrate, arginine, and ferrous on antibiotic recalcitrance of clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilm-inspired alginate encapsulates. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:61. [PMID: 37475017 PMCID: PMC10360276 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilms play a role in recalcitrance and treatability of bacterial infections, but majority of known antibiotic resistance mechanisms are biofilm-independent. Biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, especially in cystic fibrosis patients infected with the alginate producing strains in their lungs, are hard to treat. Changes in growth-related bacterial metabolism in biofilm affect their antibiotic recalcitrance which could be considered for new therapies designed based on these changes. In this study, effects of nitrate, arginine, and ferrous were investigated on antibiotic recalcitrance in alginate-encapsulated P. aeruginosa strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients in the presence of amikacin, tobramycin, and ciprofloxacin. Also, expression of an efflux pump gene, mexY, was analyzed in selected strains in the presence of amikacin and ferrous. METHODS Clinical P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from cystic fibrosis patients and minimum inhibitory concentration of amikacin, tobramycin, and ciprofloxacin was determined against all the strains. For each antibiotic, a susceptible and a resistant or an intermediate-resistant strain were selected, encapsulated into alginate beads, and subjected to minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) test. After determining MBECs, sub-MBEC concentrations (antibiotics at concentrations one level below the determined MBEC) for each antibiotic were selected and used to study the effects of nitrate, arginine, and ferrous on antibiotic recalcitrance of encapsulated strains. Effects of ferrous and amikacin on expression of the efflux pump gene, mexY, was studied on amikacin sensitive and intermediate-resistant strains. One-way ANOVA and t test were used as the statistical tests. RESULTS According to the results, the supplements had a dose-related effect on decreasing the number of viable cells; maximal effect was noted with ferrous, as ferrous supplementation significantly increased biofilm susceptibility to both ciprofloxacin and amikacin in all strains, and to tobramycin in a resistant strain. Also, treating an amikacin-intermediate strain with amikacin increased the expression of mexY gene, which has a role in P. aeruginosa antibiotic recalcitrance, while treating the same strain with ferrous and amikacin significantly decreased the expression of mexY gene, which was a promising result. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the possibility of using ferrous and arginine as an adjuvant to enhance the efficacy of conventional antimicrobial therapy of P. aeruginosa infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Jabalameli
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Emaneini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Beigverdi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Halimi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Siroosi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li P, Yin R, Cheng J, Lin J. Bacterial Biofilm Formation on Biomaterials and Approaches to Its Treatment and Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11680. [PMID: 37511440 PMCID: PMC10380251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms can cause widespread infection. In addition to causing urinary tract infections and pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, biofilms can help microorganisms adhere to the surfaces of various medical devices, causing biofilm-associated infections on the surfaces of biomaterials such as venous ducts, joint prostheses, mechanical heart valves, and catheters. Biofilms provide a protective barrier for bacteria and provide resistance to antimicrobial agents, which increases the morbidity and mortality of patients. This review summarizes biofilm formation processes and resistance mechanisms, as well as the main features of clinically persistent infections caused by biofilms. Considering the various infections caused by clinical medical devices, we introduce two main methods to prevent and treat biomaterial-related biofilm infection: antibacterial coatings and the surface modification of biomaterials. Antibacterial coatings depend on the covalent immobilization of antimicrobial agents on the coating surface and drug release to prevent and combat infection, while the surface modification of biomaterials affects the adhesion behavior of cells on the surfaces of implants and the subsequent biofilm formation process by altering the physical and chemical properties of the implant material surface. The advantages of each strategy in terms of their antibacterial effect, biocompatibility, limitations, and application prospects are analyzed, providing ideas and research directions for the development of novel biofilm infection strategies related to therapeutic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinshui Lin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China; (P.L.); (R.Y.); (J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cao P, Fleming D, Moustafa DA, Dolan SK, Szymanik KH, Redman WK, Ramos A, Diggle FL, Sullivan CS, Goldberg JB, Rumbaugh KP, Whiteley M. A Pseudomonas aeruginosa small RNA regulates chronic and acute infection. Nature 2023; 618:358-364. [PMID: 37225987 PMCID: PMC10247376 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The ability to switch between different lifestyles allows bacterial pathogens to thrive in diverse ecological niches1,2. However, a molecular understanding of their lifestyle changes within the human host is lacking. Here, by directly examining bacterial gene expression in human-derived samples, we discover a gene that orchestrates the transition between chronic and acute infection in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The expression level of this gene, here named sicX, is the highest of the P. aeruginosa genes expressed in human chronic wound and cystic fibrosis infections, but it is expressed at extremely low levels during standard laboratory growth. We show that sicX encodes a small RNA that is strongly induced by low-oxygen conditions and post-transcriptionally regulates anaerobic ubiquinone biosynthesis. Deletion of sicX causes P. aeruginosa to switch from a chronic to an acute lifestyle in multiple mammalian models of infection. Notably, sicX is also a biomarker for this chronic-to-acute transition, as it is the most downregulated gene when a chronic infection is dispersed to cause acute septicaemia. This work solves a decades-old question regarding the molecular basis underlying the chronic-to-acute switch in P. aeruginosa and suggests oxygen as a primary environmental driver of acute lethality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Cao
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory-Children's Cystic Fibrosis Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Derek Fleming
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Burn Center of Research Excellence, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dina A Moustafa
- Emory-Children's Cystic Fibrosis Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen K Dolan
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory-Children's Cystic Fibrosis Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kayla H Szymanik
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Whitni K Redman
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Burn Center of Research Excellence, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Anayancy Ramos
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory-Children's Cystic Fibrosis Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Frances L Diggle
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory-Children's Cystic Fibrosis Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Joanna B Goldberg
- Emory-Children's Cystic Fibrosis Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kendra P Rumbaugh
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Burn Center of Research Excellence, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Marvin Whiteley
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory-Children's Cystic Fibrosis Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kaleta MF, Sauer K. MoaB1 Homologs Contribute to Biofilm Formation and Motility by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0000423. [PMID: 37098964 PMCID: PMC10210980 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00004-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
moaB homologs, encoding the molybdopterin biosynthetic protein B1, have been reported to be expressed under anoxic conditions and during biofilm growth in various microorganisms; however, little is known about MoaB's function. Here, we demonstrate that in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MoaB1 (PA3915) contributes to biofilm-related phenotypes. Specifically, moaB1 expression is induced in biofilms, and insertional inactivation of moaB1 reduced biofilm biomass accumulation and pyocyanin production while enhancing swarming motility, and pyoverdine abundance without affecting attachment, swimming motility, or c-di-GMP levels. Inactivation of the highly conserved E. coli homolog of moaB1, moaBEc, likewise coincided with reduced biofilm biomass accumulation. In turn, heterologous expression of moaBEc restored biofilm formation and swarming motility by the P. aeruginosa moaB1 mutant to wild-type levels. Moreover, MoaB1 was found to interact with other conserved biofilm-associated proteins, PA2184 and PA2146, as well as the sensor-kinase SagS. However, despite the interaction, MoaB1 failed to restore SagS-dependent expression of brlR encoding the transcriptional regulator BrlR, and inactivation of moaB1 or moaBEc had no effect on the antibiotic susceptibility phenotype of biofilms formed by P. aeruginosa and E. coli, respectively. While our findings did not establish a link between MoaB1 and molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, they suggest that MoaB1 homologs contribute to biofilm-associated phenotypes across species boundaries, possibly hinting at the existence of a previously undescribed conserved biofilm pathway. IMPORTANCE Proteins contributing to the biogenesis of molybdenum cofactors have been characterized; however, the role of the molybdopterin biosynthetic protein B1 (MoaB1) has remained elusive, and solid evidence to support its role in biosynthesis of molybdenum cofactor is lacking. Here, we demonstrate that, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MoaB1 (PA3915) contributes to biofilm-related phenotypes in a manner that does not support a role of MoaB1 in the biosynthesis of molybdenum cofactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F. Kaleta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Karin Sauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mello TP, Barcellos IC, Branquinha MH, Santos AL. Cell dispersion during biofilm formation by Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium aurantiacum, Scedosporium minutisporum and Lomentospora prolificans. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2023; 4:100191. [PMID: 37229517 PMCID: PMC10203734 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2023.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispersion is an essential step in the lifecycle of biofilms, since it enables the dissemination of microbial cells and, consequently, the potential colonization of new sites. Filamentous fungi belonging to the Scedosporium/Lomentospora genera are opportunistic human pathogens able to form multidrug-resistant biofilms on surfaces of different chemical compositions, environments and nutritional conditions. Despite the rising understanding of how biofilms are formed by Scedosporium/Lomentospora species, the cell dispersal step has not yet been explored. In the present study, the cell dispersion was investigated during biofilm formation by S. apiospermum, S. minutisporum, S. aurantiacum and L. prolificans cells. The results revealed that conidia were the major type of dispersed cells, which were detected throughout biofilm development (from 24 to 72 h). Dispersion was not influenced by increased glucose concentration (the main source for energetic metabolism) neither the presence of voriconazole (the most common antifungal used to treat scedosporiosis); however, the presence of mucin (a component of mucous, present in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, who are usually affected by these filamentous fungi) triggered cell dispersion. Contrarily, a poor nutritional environment (e.g., phosphate-buffered saline) inhibited this step. Overall, our study reveals new insights into the biofilm development of Scedosporium/Lomentospora species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaís P. Mello
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Iuri C. Barcellos
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marta H. Branquinha
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Rede Micologia RJ – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André L.S. Santos
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Rede Micologia RJ – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBq), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dewey MJ, Collins AJ, Tiffany A, Barnhouse VR, Lu C, Kolliopoulos V, Mutreja I, Hickok NJ, Harley BAC. Evaluation of bacterial attachment on mineralized collagen scaffolds and addition of manuka honey to increase mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis. Biomaterials 2023; 294:122015. [PMID: 36701999 PMCID: PMC9928779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The design of biomaterials to regenerate bone is likely to increasingly require modifications that reduce bacterial attachment and biofilm formation as infection during wound regeneration can significantly impede tissue repair and typically requires surgical intervention to restart the healing process. Further, much research on infection prevention in bone biomaterials has focused on modeling of non-resorbable metal alloy materials, whereas an expanding direction of bone regeneration has focused on development of bioresorbable materials. This represents a need for the prevention and understanding of infection in resorbable biomaterials. Here, we investigate the ability of a mineralized collagen biomaterial to natively resist infection and examine how the addition of manuka honey, previously identified as an antimicrobial agent, affects gram positive and negative bacterial colonization and mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis and vasculature formation. We incorporate manuka honey into these scaffolds via either direct fabrication into the scaffold microarchitecture or via soaking the scaffold in a solution of manuka honey after fabrication. Direct incorporation results in a change in the surface characteristics and porosity of mineralized collagen scaffolds. Soaking scaffolds in honey concentrations higher than 10% had significant negative effects on mesenchymal stem cell metabolic activity. Soaking or incorporating 5% honey had no impact on endothelial cell tube formation. Although solutions of 5% honey reduced metabolic activity of mesenchymal stem cells, MSC-seeded scaffolds displayed increased calcium and phosphorous mineral formation, osteoprotegerin release, and alkaline phosphatase activity. Bacteria cultured on mineralized collagen scaffolds demonstrated surfaces covered in bacteria and no method of preventing infection, and using 10 times the minimal inhibitory concentration of antibiotics did not completely kill bacteria within the mineralized collagen scaffolds, indicating bioresorbable scaffold materials may act to shield bacteria from antibiotics. The addition of 5% manuka honey to scaffolds was not sufficient to prevent P. aeruginosa attachment or consistently reduce the activity of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, and concentrations above 7% manuka honey are likely necessary to impact MRSA. Together, our results suggest bioresorbable scaffolds may create an environment conducive to bacterial growth, and potential trade-offs exist for the incorporation of low levels of honey in scaffolds to increase osteogenic potential of osteoprogenitors while high-levels of honey may be sufficient to reduce gram positive or negative bacteria activity but at the cost of reduced osteogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marley J Dewey
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Alan J Collins
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Aleczandria Tiffany
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Victoria R Barnhouse
- Dept. of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Crislyn Lu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Vasiliki Kolliopoulos
- Dept. of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Isha Mutreja
- Department of Restorative Science, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Noreen J Hickok
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Dept. of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Food-Grade Bacteria Combat Pathogens by Blocking AHL-Mediated Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010090. [PMID: 36613306 PMCID: PMC9818890 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupting bacterial quorum sensing (QS) signaling is a promising strategy to combat pathogenic biofilms without the development of antibiotic resistance. Here, we report that food-associated bacteria can interfere with the biofilm formation of a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium by targeting its AHL (acyl-homoserine lactone) QS system. This was demonstrated by screening metabolic end-products of different lactobacilli and propionibacteria using Gram-negative and biofilm-forming Chromobacterium violaceum as the QS reporter and our anti-QS microscale screening platform with necessary modifications. The method was optimized in terms of the inoculation technique and the concentrations of D-glucose and L-tryptophan, two key factors controlling the synthesis of violacein, a purple pigment indicating the activation of the QS system in C. violaceum. These improvements resulted in ca. 16-times higher violacein yields and enabled revealing anti-QS effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lentilactobacillus kefiri, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Propionibacterium freudenreichii, including new cheese-associated strains. Our findings also suggest that acetate and propionate excreted by these species are the main factors that interrupt the QS-mediated signaling and subsequent biofilm growth without affecting the cell viability of the C. violaceum reporter. Thus, the present study reports a revised anti-QS screening method to accurately define new bacteria with an ability to combat pathogens in a safe and sustainable way.
Collapse
|
24
|
The Alginate and Motility Regulator AmrZ is Essential for the Regulation of the Dispersion Response by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. mSphere 2022; 7:e0050522. [PMID: 36374041 PMCID: PMC9769550 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00505-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersion is an active process exhibited by Pseudomonas aeruginosa during the late stages of biofilm development or in response to various cues, including nitric oxide and glutamate. Upon cue sensing, biofilm cells employ enzymes that actively degrade the extracellular matrix, thereby allowing individual cells to become liberated. While the mechanism by which P. aeruginosa senses and relays dispersion cues has been characterized, little is known about how dispersion cue sensing mechanisms result in matrix degradation. Considering that the alginate and motility regulator AmrZ has been reported to regulate genes that play a role in dispersion, including those affecting virulence, c-di-GMP levels, Pel and Psl abundance, and motility, we asked whether AmrZ contributes to the regulation of dispersion. amrZ was found to be significantly increased in transcript abundance under dispersion-inducing conditions, with the inactivation of amrZ impairing dispersion by P. aeruginosa biofilms in response to glutamate and nitric oxide. While the overexpression of genes encoding matrix-degrading enzymes pelA, pslG, and/or endA resulted in the dispersion of wild-type biofilms, similar conditions failed to disperse biofilms formed by dtamrZ. Likewise, the inactivation of amrZ abrogated the hyperdispersive phenotype of PAO1/pJN-bdlA_G31A biofilms, with dtamrZ-impaired dispersion being independent of the expression, production, and activation of BdlA. Instead, dispersion was found to require the AmrZ-target genes napB and PA1891. Our findings indicate that AmrZ is essential for the regulation of dispersion by P. aeruginosa biofilms, functions downstream of BdlA postdispersion cue sensing, and regulates the expression of genes contributing to biofilm matrix degradation as well as napB and PA1891. IMPORTANCE In P. aeruginosa, biofilm dispersion has been well-characterized with respect to dispersion cue perception, matrix degradation, and the consequences of dispersion. While the intracellular signaling molecule c-di-GMP has been linked to many of the phenotypic changes ascribed to dispersion, including the modulation of motility and matrix production, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms leading to matrix degradation and cells actively leaving the biofilm. In this study, we report for the first time an essential role of the transcriptional regulator AmrZ and two AmrZ-dependent genes, napB, and PA1891, in the dispersion response, thereby linking dispersion cue sensing via BdlA to the regulation of matrix degradation and to the ultimate liberation of bacterial cells from the biofilm.
Collapse
|
25
|
Temporal Hierarchy and Context-Dependence of Quorum Sensing Signal in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12121953. [PMID: 36556318 PMCID: PMC9781131 DOI: 10.3390/life12121953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause infections in a broad range of hosts including plants, invertebrates and mammals and is an important source of nosocomial infections in humans. We were interested in how differences in the bacteria's nutritional environment impact bacterial communication and virulence factor production. We grew P. aeruginosa in 96 different conditions in BIOLOG Gen III plates and assayed quorum sensing (QS) signaling over the course of growth. We also quantified pyocyanin and biofilm production and the impact of sub-inhibitory exposure to tobramycin. We found that while 3-oxo-C12 homoserine lactone remained the dominant QS signal to be produced, timing of PQS production differed between media types. Further, whether cells grew predominantly as biofilms or planktonic cells was highly context dependent. Our data suggest that understanding the impact of the nutritional environment on the bacterium can lead to valuable insights into the link between bacterial physiology and pathology.
Collapse
|
26
|
Bairoliya S, Goel A, Mukherjee M, Koh Zhi Xiang J, Cao B. Monochloramine Induces Release of DNA and RNA from Bacterial Cells: Quantification, Sequencing Analyses, and Implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15791-15804. [PMID: 36215406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monochloramine (MCA) is a widely used secondary disinfectant to suppress microbial growth in drinking water distribution systems. In monochloraminated drinking water, a significant amount of extracellular DNA (eDNA) has been reported, which has many implications ranging from obscuring DNA-based drinking water microbiome analyses to posing potential health concerns. To address this, it is imperative for us to know the origin of the eDNA in drinking water. Using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a model organism, we report for the first time that MCA induces the release of nucleic acids from both biofilms and planktonic cells. Upon exposure to 2 mg/L MCA, massive release of DNA from suspended cells in both MilliQ water and 0.9% NaCl was directly visualized using live cell imaging in a CellASIC ONIX2 microfluidic system. Exposing established biofilms to MCA also resulted in DNA release from the biofilms, which was confirmed by increased detection of eDNA in the effluent. Intriguingly, massive release of RNA was also observed, and the extracellular RNA (eRNA) was also found to persist in water for days. Sequencing analyses of the eDNA revealed that it could be used to assemble the whole genome of the model organism, while in the water, certain fragments of the genome were more persistent than others. RNA sequencing showed that the eRNA contains non-coding RNA and mRNA, implying its role as a possible signaling molecule in environmental systems and a snapshot of the past metabolic state of the bacterial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakcham Bairoliya
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Apoorva Goel
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Manisha Mukherjee
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jonas Koh Zhi Xiang
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Bin Cao
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm dispersion by the mouse antimicrobial peptide CRAMP. Vet Res 2022; 53:80. [PMID: 36209206 PMCID: PMC9548163 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a known bacterium that produces biofilms and causes severe infection. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa biofilms are extremely difficult to eradicate, leading to the development of chronic and antibiotic-resistant infections. Our previous study showed that a cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) inhibits the formation of P. aeruginosa biofilms and markedly reduces the biomass of preformed biofilms, while the mechanism of eradicating bacterial biofilms remains elusive. Therefore, in this study, the potential mechanism by which CRAMP eradicates P. aeruginosa biofilms was investigated through an integrative analysis of transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data. The omics data revealed CRAMP functioned against P. aeruginosa biofilms by different pathways, including the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) system, cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) signalling pathway, and synthesis pathways of exopolysaccharides and rhamnolipid. Moreover, a total of 2914 differential transcripts, 785 differential proteins, and 280 differential metabolites were identified. A series of phenotypic validation tests demonstrated that CRAMP reduced the c-di-GMP level with a decrease in exopolysaccharides, especially alginate, in P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm cells, improved bacterial flagellar motility, and increased the rhamnolipid content, contributing to the dispersion of biofilms. Our study provides new insight into the development of CRAMP as a potentially effective antibiofilm dispersant.
Collapse
|
28
|
Muthami JM, Fernández-García L, Tomás M, Wood TK. What is the fate of the biofilm matrix? Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:4495-4499. [PMID: 35912827 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joy M Muthami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura Fernández-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Microbiology Translational and Multidisciplinary (MicroTM)-Research Institute Biomedical A Coruña (INIBIC) and Microbiology Department of Hospital A Coruña (CHUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - María Tomás
- Microbiology Translational and Multidisciplinary (MicroTM)-Research Institute Biomedical A Coruña (INIBIC) and Microbiology Department of Hospital A Coruña (CHUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Thomas K Wood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Copur B, Dosler S, Aktas Z, Basaran S, Simsek-Yavuz S, Cagatay A, Oncul O, Ozsut H, Eraksoy H. In vitro activities of antibiotic combinations against mature biofilms of ventilator-associated pneumonia isolates. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:1027-1042. [PMID: 35796076 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The authors aimed to determine the efficacy of frequently used antibiotics, alone or in combination, against biofilms of ventilator-associated pneumonia isolates. Materials & methods: The authors determined the MICs, minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations and minimum biofilm eradication concentrations of meropenem, ciprofloxacin and colistin as well as their combinations against planktonic forms and biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. Results: Generally, the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations and minimum biofilm eradication concentrations of the antibiotics were 1000-fold higher than their MICs, and synergy was provided by different concentrations of meropenem-colistin and meropenem-ciprofloxacin combinations with checkerboard and time-kill curve methods. Conclusion: The combination of meropenem and ciprofloxacin seems to be a good candidate for the treatment of biofilm-associated infections; none of the concentrations obtained as a result of the synergy test were clinically significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betul Copur
- Departmant of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Sibel Dosler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34116, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Aktas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Seniha Basaran
- Departmant of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Serap Simsek-Yavuz
- Departmant of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Atahan Cagatay
- Departmant of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Oral Oncul
- Departmant of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Halit Ozsut
- Departmant of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Haluk Eraksoy
- Departmant of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
A previously uncharacterized gene, PA2146, contributes to biofilm formation and drug tolerance across the ɣ-Proteobacteria. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:54. [PMID: 35798749 PMCID: PMC9262955 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomic studies have revealed a large number of uncharacterized genes that are differentially expressed in biofilms, which may be important in regulating biofilm phenotypes such as resistance to antimicrobial agents. To identify biofilm genes of unknown function in P. aeruginosa, we made use of RNA-seq and selected 27 uncharacterized genes that were induced upon biofilm growth. Biofilms by respective mutants were subsequently analyzed for two biofilm characteristics, the biofilm architecture and drug susceptibility. The screen revealed 12 out of 27 genes to contribute to biofilm formation and 13 drug susceptibility, with 8 genes affecting both biofilm phenotypes. Amongst the genes affecting both biofilm phenotypes was PA2146, encoding a small hypothetical protein that exhibited some of the most substantial increases in transcript abundance during biofilm growth by P. aeruginosa PAO1 and clinical isolates. PA2146 is highly conserved in ɣ-proteobacteria. Inactivation of PA2146 affected both biofilm phenotypes in P. aeruginosa PAO1, with inactivation of homologs in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli having similar effects. Heterologous expression of PA2146 homologs complemented the P. aeruginosa ∆PA2146, suggesting that PA2146 homologs substitute for and play a similar role as PA2146 in P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
|
31
|
Visnapuu A, Van der Gucht M, Wagemans J, Lavigne R. Deconstructing the Phage-Bacterial Biofilm Interaction as a Basis to Establish New Antibiofilm Strategies. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051057. [PMID: 35632801 PMCID: PMC9145820 DOI: 10.3390/v14051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial biofilm constitutes a complex environment that endows the bacterial community within with an ability to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. Considering the interaction with bacterial viruses, these biofilms contain intrinsic defense mechanisms that protect against phage predation; these mechanisms are driven by physical, structural, and metabolic properties or governed by environment-induced mutations and bacterial diversity. In this regard, horizontal gene transfer can also be a driver of biofilm diversity and some (pro)phages can function as temporary allies in biofilm development. Conversely, as bacterial predators, phages have developed counter mechanisms to overcome the biofilm barrier. We highlight how these natural systems have previously inspired new antibiofilm design strategies, e.g., by utilizing exopolysaccharide degrading enzymes and peptidoglycan hydrolases. Next, we propose new potential approaches including phage-encoded DNases to target extracellular DNA, as well as phage-mediated inhibitors of cellular communication; these examples illustrate the relevance and importance of research aiming to elucidate novel antibiofilm mechanisms contained within the vast set of unknown ORFs from phages.
Collapse
|
32
|
Laboratory Grown Biofilms of Bacteria Associated with Human Atherosclerotic Carotid Arteries Release Collagenases and Gelatinases during Iron-Induced Dispersion. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0100121. [PMID: 35543563 PMCID: PMC9241811 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01001-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of bacteria with arterial plaque lesions in patients with atherosclerosis has been widely reported. However, the role these bacteria play in the progression of atherosclerosis is still unclear. Previous work in our lab has demonstrated that bacteria exist in carotid artery plaques as biofilm deposits. Biofilms are communities of microorganisms enmeshed within a protective, self-produced extracellular matrix and have been shown to contribute to chronic infections in humans. Biofilm communities have the potential to impact surrounding tissues in an infection if they undergo a dispersion response, releasing bacteria into the surrounding environment by enzymatic degradation of the extracellular matrix. One concern relating to these enzymes is that they could cause collateral damage to host tissues. In this study, we present an in vitro multispecies biofilm culturing model used to investigate the potential role of bacterial biofilm dispersion in the progression of atherosclerosis. This work has demonstrated an increase in cell release from mixed-species biofilms formed by bacteria associated with human carotid arterial plaque deposits following treatment with iron or a combination of norepinephrine and transferrin. Greater extracellular lipase, protease, and collagenase/gelatinase activity was also associated with iron-treated biofilms. The results of this work suggest that bacteria in this model undergo iron-induced biofilm dispersion, as evidenced by the increased cell release and higher enzyme activity following treatment. This work demonstrates the potential for multispecies biofilm dispersion to contribute to arterial tissue degradation by bacteria and suggests that in atherosclerotic infections, biofilm dispersion may contribute to thrombogenesis, which can lead to heart attack or stroke. IMPORTANCE Atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, is a leading cause of congestive heart failure, heart attack, and stroke in humans. Mounting evidence, in the literature and from our lab, points to the regular involvement of bacteria within arterial plaque deposits in patients with advanced atherosclerosis. Very little is known about the behavior of these bacteria and whether they may contribute to tissue damage in infected arteries. Tissue damage within the arterial plaque lesion can lead to rupture of the plaque contents into the bloodstream, where a clot may form, resulting in a potential heart attack or stroke. This study shows that plaque-associated bacteria, when cultured as mixed-species biofilms in the laboratory, can release degradative enzymes into their environment as the result of a dispersion response triggered by iron. These degradative enzymes can digest proteins and lipids which are associated with the tissues that separate the plaque lesion from the arterial lumen. Thus, this study demonstrates that if mixed species biofilms are induced to undergo dispersion in an infected atherosclerotic lesion when exposed to an elevated concentration of free iron, they have the potential to contribute to the weakening of arterial tissues, which may contribute to atherosclerotic plaque destabilization.
Collapse
|
33
|
Sauvage S, Gaviard C, Tahrioui A, Coquet L, Le H, Alexandre S, Ben Abdelkrim A, Bouffartigues E, Lesouhaitier O, Chevalier S, Jouenne T, Hardouin J. Impact of Carbon Source Supplementations on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Physiology. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1392-1407. [PMID: 35482949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen highly resistant to a wide range of antimicrobial agents, making its infections very difficult to treat. Since microorganisms need to perpetually adapt to their surrounding environment, understanding the effect of carbon sources on P. aeruginosa physiology is therefore essential to avoid increasing drug-resistance and better fight this pathogen. By a global proteomic approach and phenotypic assays, we investigated the impact of various carbon source supplementations (glucose, glutamate, succinate, and citrate) on the physiology of the P. aeruginosa PA14 strain. A total of 581 proteins were identified as differentially expressed in the 4 conditions. Most of them were more abundant in citrate supplementation and were involved in virulence, motility, biofilm development, and antibiotic resistance. Phenotypic assays were performed to check these hypotheses. By coupling all this data, we highlight the importance of the environment in which the bacterium evolves on its metabolism, and thus the necessity to better understand the metabolic pathways implied in its adaptative response according to the nutrient availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Sauvage
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA, CNRS Polymers, Biopolymers, Surface Laboratory, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France.,PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76820 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Charlotte Gaviard
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA, CNRS Polymers, Biopolymers, Surface Laboratory, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France.,PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76820 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Ali Tahrioui
- Laboratoire de microbiologie signaux et microenvironnement, LMSM EA4312, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Evreux, France
| | - Laurent Coquet
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA, CNRS Polymers, Biopolymers, Surface Laboratory, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France.,PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76820 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Hung Le
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA, CNRS Polymers, Biopolymers, Surface Laboratory, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Alexandre
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA, CNRS Polymers, Biopolymers, Surface Laboratory, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France
| | - Ahmed Ben Abdelkrim
- Lactanet, Valacta, 555 Boul des Anciens-Combattants, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3R4, Canada
| | - Emeline Bouffartigues
- Laboratoire de microbiologie signaux et microenvironnement, LMSM EA4312, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Evreux, France
| | - Olivier Lesouhaitier
- Laboratoire de microbiologie signaux et microenvironnement, LMSM EA4312, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Evreux, France
| | - Sylvie Chevalier
- Laboratoire de microbiologie signaux et microenvironnement, LMSM EA4312, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Evreux, France
| | - Thierry Jouenne
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA, CNRS Polymers, Biopolymers, Surface Laboratory, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France.,PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76820 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Julie Hardouin
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA, CNRS Polymers, Biopolymers, Surface Laboratory, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France.,PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76820 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Katharios-Lanwermeyer S, O’Toole GA. Biofilm Maintenance as an Active Process: Evidence that Biofilms Work Hard to Stay Put. J Bacteriol 2022; 204:e0058721. [PMID: 35311557 PMCID: PMC9017327 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00587-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation represents a critical strategy whereby bacteria can tolerate otherwise damaging environmental stressors and antimicrobial insults. While the mechanisms bacteria use to establish a biofilm and disperse from these communities have been well-studied, we have only a limited understanding of the mechanisms required to maintain these multicellular communities. Indeed, until relatively recently, it was not clear that maintaining a mature biofilm could be considered an active, regulated process with dedicated machinery. Using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a model system, we review evidence from recent studies that support the model that maintenance of these persistent, surface-attached communities is indeed an active process. Biofilm maintenance mechanisms include transcriptional regulation and second messenger signaling (including the production of extracellular polymeric substances). We also discuss energy-conserving pathways that play a key role in the maintenance of these communities. We hope to highlight the need for further investigation to uncover novel biofilm maintenance pathways and suggest the possibility that such pathways can serve as novel antibiofilm targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - G. A. O’Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nutrient Sensing and Biofilm Modulation: The Example of L-arginine in Pseudomonas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084386. [PMID: 35457206 PMCID: PMC9028604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm represents a multicellular community embedded within an extracellular matrix attached to a surface. This lifestyle confers to bacterial cells protection against hostile environments, such as antibiotic treatment and host immune response in case of infections. The Pseudomonas genus is characterised by species producing strong biofilms difficult to be eradicated and by an extraordinary metabolic versatility which may support energy and carbon/nitrogen assimilation under multiple environmental conditions. Nutrient availability can be perceived by a Pseudomonas biofilm which, in turn, readapts its metabolism to finally tune its own formation and dispersion. A growing number of papers is now focusing on the mechanism of nutrient perception as a possible strategy to weaken the biofilm barrier by environmental cues. One of the most important nutrients is amino acid L-arginine, a crucial metabolite sustaining bacterial growth both as a carbon and a nitrogen source. Under low-oxygen conditions, L-arginine may also serve for ATP production, thus allowing bacteria to survive in anaerobic environments. L-arginine has been associated with biofilms, virulence, and antibiotic resistance. L-arginine is also a key precursor of regulatory molecules such as polyamines, whose involvement in biofilm homeostasis is reported. Given the biomedical and biotechnological relevance of biofilm control, the state of the art on the effects mediated by the L-arginine nutrient on biofilm modulation is presented, with a special focus on the Pseudomonas biofilm. Possible biotechnological and biomedical applications are also discussed.
Collapse
|
36
|
A Filamentous Bacteriophage Protein Inhibits Type IV Pili To Prevent Superinfection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. mBio 2022; 13:e0244121. [PMID: 35038902 PMCID: PMC8764522 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02441-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes infections in a variety of settings. Many P. aeruginosa isolates are infected by filamentous Pf bacteriophage integrated into the bacterial chromosome as a prophage. Pf virions can be produced without lysing P. aeruginosa. However, cell lysis can occur during superinfection, which occurs when Pf virions successfully infect a host lysogenized by a Pf prophage. Temperate phages typically encode superinfection exclusion mechanisms to prevent host lysis by virions of the same or similar species. In this study, we sought to elucidate the superinfection exclusion mechanism of Pf phage. Initially, we observed that P. aeruginosa that survive Pf superinfection are transiently resistant to Pf-induced plaquing and are deficient in twitching motility, which is mediated by type IV pili (T4P). Pf utilize T4P as a cell surface receptor, suggesting that T4P are suppressed in bacteria that survive superinfection. We tested the hypothesis that a Pf-encoded protein suppresses T4P to mediate superinfection exclusion by expressing Pf proteins in P. aeruginosa and measuring plaquing and twitching motility. We found that the Pf protein PA0721, which we termed Pf superinfection exclusion (PfsE), promoted resistance to Pf infection and suppressed twitching motility by binding the T4P protein PilC. Because T4P play key roles in biofilm formation and virulence, the ability of Pf phage to modulate T4P via PfsE has implications in the ability of P. aeruginosa to persist at sites of infection. IMPORTANCE Pf bacteriophage (phage) are filamentous viruses that infect Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enhance its virulence potential. Pf virions can lyse and kill P. aeruginosa through superinfection, which occurs when an already infected cell is infected by the same or similar phage. Here, we show that a small, highly conserved Pf phage protein (PA0721, PfsE) provides resistance to superinfection by phages that use the type IV pilus as a cell surface receptor. PfsE does this by inhibiting assembly of the type IV pilus via an interaction with PilC. As the type IV pilus plays important roles in virulence, the ability of Pf phage to modulate its assembly has implications for P. aeruginosa pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
37
|
Goodman SD, Bakaletz LO. Bacterial Biofilms Utilize an Underlying Extracellular DNA Matrix Structure That Can Be Targeted for Biofilm Resolution. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020466. [PMID: 35208922 PMCID: PMC8878592 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms contribute significantly to the antibiotic resistance, pathogenesis, chronicity and recurrence of bacterial infections. Critical to the stability and survival of extant biofilms is the extracellular DNA (eDNA)-dependent matrix which shields the resident bacteria from hostile environments, allows a sessile metabolic state, but also encourages productive interactions with biofilm-inclusive bacteria. Given the importance of the eDNA, approaches to this area of research have been to target not just the eDNA, but also the additional constituent structural components which appear to be widespread. Chief among these is a ubiquitous two-member family of bacterial nucleoid associated proteins (the DNABII proteins) responsible for providing structural integrity to the eDNA and thereby the biofilm. Moreover, this resultant novel eDNA-rich secondary structure can also be targeted for disruption. Here, we provide an overview of both what is known about the eDNA-dependent matrix, as well as the resultant means that have resulted in biofilm resolution. Results obtained to date have been highly supportive of continued development of DNABII-targeted approaches, which is encouraging given the great global need for improved methods to medically manage, or ideally prevent biofilm-dependent infections, which remains a highly prevalent burden worldwide.
Collapse
|
38
|
Ramírez-Larrota JS, Eckhard U. An Introduction to Bacterial Biofilms and Their Proteases, and Their Roles in Host Infection and Immune Evasion. Biomolecules 2022; 12:306. [PMID: 35204806 PMCID: PMC8869686 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms represent multicellular communities embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances, conveying increased resistance against environmental stress factors but also antibiotics. They are shaped by secreted enzymes such as proteases, which can aid pathogenicity by degrading host proteins of the connective tissue or the immune system. Importantly, both secreted proteases and the capability of biofilm formation are considered key virulence factors. In this review, we focus on the basic aspects of proteolysis and protein secretion, and highlight various secreted bacterial proteases involved in biofilm establishment and dispersal, and how they aid bacteria in immune evasion by degrading immunoglobulins and components of the complement system. Thus, secreted proteases represent not only prominent antimicrobial targets but also enzymes that can be used for dedicated applications in biotechnology and biomedicine, including their use as laundry detergents, in mass spectrometry for the glycoprofiling of antibodies, and the desensitization of donor organs intended for positive crossmatch patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrich Eckhard
- Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Park S, Sauer K. Controlling Biofilm Development Through Cyclic di-GMP Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1386:69-94. [PMID: 36258069 PMCID: PMC9891824 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08491-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) second messenger represents a signaling system that regulates many bacterial behaviors and is of key importance for driving the lifestyle switch between motile loner cells and biofilm formers. This review provides an up-to-date summary of c-di-GMP pathways connected to biofilm formation by the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa. Emphasis will be on the timing of c-di-GMP production over the course of biofilm formation, to highlight non-uniform and hierarchical increases in c-di-GMP levels, as well as biofilm growth conditions that do not conform with our current model of c-di-GMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center (BBRC), Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Karin Sauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center (BBRC), Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hijacking host components for bacterial biofilm formation: An advanced mechanism. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108471. [PMID: 34952466 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm is a community of bacteria embedded in the extracellular matrix that accounts for 80% of bacterial infections. Biofilm enables bacterial cells to provide particular conditions and produce virulence determinants in response to the unavailability of micronutrients and local oxygen, resulting in their resistance to various antibacterial agents. Besides, the human immune reactions are not completely competent in the elimination of biofilm. Most importantly, the growing body of evidence shows that some bacterial spp. use a variety of mechanisms by which hijack the host components to form biofilm. In this regard, host components, such as DNA, hyaluronan, collagen, fibronectin, mucin, oligosaccharide moieties, filamentous polymers (F-actin), plasma, platelets, keratin, sialic acid, laminin, vitronectin, C3- and C4- binding proteins, antibody, proteases, factor I, factor H, and acidic proline-rich proteins have been reviewed. Hence, the characterization of interactions between bacterial biofilm and the host would be critical to effectively address biofilm-associated infections. In this paper, we review the latest information on the hijacking of host factors by bacteria to form biofilm.
Collapse
|
41
|
Alhajj N, O'Reilly NJ, Cathcart H. Developing ciprofloxacin dry powder for inhalation: A story of challenges and rational design in the treatment of cystic fibrosis lung infection. Int J Pharm 2021; 613:121388. [PMID: 34923051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited multisystem disease affecting the lung which leads to a progressive decline in lung function as a result of malfunctioning mucociliary clearance and subsequent chronic bacterial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the predominant cause of lung infection in CF patients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Thus, antibiotic therapy remains the cornerstone of the treatment of CF. Pulmonary delivery of antibiotics for lung infections significantly reduces the required dose and the associated systemic side effects while improving therapeutic outcomes. Ciprofloxacin is one of the most widely used antibiotics against P. aeruginosa and the most effective fluoroquinolone. However, in spite of the substantial amount of research aimed at developing ciprofloxacin powder for inhalation, none of these formulations has been commercialized. Here, we present an integrated view of the diverse challenges associated with delivering ciprofloxacin dry particles to the lungs of CF patients and the rationales behind recent formulations of ciprofloxacin dry powder for inhalation. This review will discuss the challenges in developing ciprofloxacin powder for inhalation along with the physiological and pathophysiological challenges such as ciprofloxacin lung permeability, overproduction of viscous mucus and bacterial biofilms. The review will also discuss the current and emerging particle engineering approaches to overcoming these challenges. By doing so, we believe the review will help the reader to understand the current limitations in developing an inhalable ciprofloxacin powder and explore new opportunities of rational design strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Alhajj
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
| | - Niall J O'Reilly
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland; SSPC - The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Ireland
| | - Helen Cathcart
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hayashi M, Kaneko H, Yamada T, Ikoshi H, Noguchi N, Nakaminami H. Chinese herbal medicines and nutraceuticals inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation. Access Microbiol 2021; 3:000254. [PMID: 34888483 PMCID: PMC8650844 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major biofilm-forming, opportunistic pathogen. Tolerance to antimicrobial agents due to biofilm formation may lead to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial strains. Thus, adjunctive agents that can inhibit biofilm formation are necessary to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of antimicrobial agents. In this study, we evaluated the anti-biofilm formation activity of selected Chinese herbal medicines and nutraceuticals, which are commercially available in Japan. Among the eight agents evaluated for their potential to inhibit biofilm formation, Eiekikaryu S, Iribakuga and Hyakujunro significantly reduced P. aeruginosa biofilm formation (P <0.05) without inhibiting bacterial growth. Additionally, the expression of biofilm-associated genes (rhlR, rhlA and lasB) in P. aeruginosa was significantly suppressed by Eiekikaryu S, Iribakuga and Hyakujunro (P <0.001). Our findings indicate that some Chinese herbal medicines and nutraceuticals can be potential adjunctive agents for antimicrobial therapy against P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minami Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaneko
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ikoshi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihisa Noguchi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Nakaminami
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Nolan C, Behrends V. Sub-Inhibitory Antibiotic Exposure and Virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111393. [PMID: 34827331 PMCID: PMC8615142 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a prime opportunistic pathogen, one of the most important causes of hospital-acquired infections and the major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis lung infections. One reason for the bacterium's pathogenic success is the large array of virulence factors that it can employ. Another is its high degree of intrinsic and acquired resistance to antibiotics. In this review, we first summarise the current knowledge about the regulation of virulence factor expression and production. We then look at the impact of sub-MIC antibiotic exposure and find that the virulence-antibiotic interaction for P. aeruginosa is antibiotic-specific, multifaceted, and complex. Most studies undertaken to date have been in vitro assays in batch culture systems, involving short-term (<24 h) antibiotic exposure. Therefore, we discuss the importance of long-term, in vivo-mimicking models for future work, particularly highlighting the need to account for bacterial physiology, which by extension governs both virulence factor expression and antibiotic tolerance/resistance.
Collapse
|
44
|
Penesyan A, Paulsen IT, Kjelleberg S, Gillings MR. Three faces of biofilms: a microbial lifestyle, a nascent multicellular organism, and an incubator for diversity. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:80. [PMID: 34759294 PMCID: PMC8581019 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are organised heterogeneous assemblages of microbial cells that are encased within a self-produced matrix. Current estimates suggest that up to 80% of bacterial and archaeal cells reside in biofilms. Since biofilms are the main mode of microbial life, understanding their biology and functions is critical, especially as controlling biofilm growth is essential in industrial, infrastructure and medical contexts. Here we discuss biofilms both as collections of individual cells, and as multicellular biological individuals, and introduce the concept of biofilms as unique incubators of diversity for the microbial world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anahit Penesyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Ian T Paulsen
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michael R Gillings
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
An Z, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Wang ZW. Aerobic granulation of single culture protist. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
46
|
Periodically Disturbing the Spatial Structure of Biofilms Can Affect the Production of an Essential Virulence Factor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. mSystems 2021; 6:e0096121. [PMID: 34581603 PMCID: PMC8547473 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00961-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the environmental factors that affect the production of virulence factors has major implications in evolution and medicine. While spatial structure is important in virulence factor production, observations of this relationship have occurred in undisturbed or continuously disturbed environments. However, natural environments are subject to periodic fluctuations, including changes in physical forces, which could alter the spatial structure of bacterial populations and impact virulence factor production. Using Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14, we periodically applied a physical force to biofilms and examined production of pyoverdine. Intermediate frequencies of disturbance reduced the amount of pyoverdine produced compared to undisturbed or frequently disturbed conditions. To explore the generality of this finding, we examined how an intermediate disturbance frequency affected pyoverdine production in 21 different strains of P. aeruginosa. Periodic disturbance increased, decreased, or did not change the amount of pyoverdine produced relative to undisturbed populations. Mathematical modeling predicts that interactions between pyoverdine synthesis rate and biofilm density determine the amount of pyoverdine synthesized. When the pyoverdine synthesis rates are high, depletion of the biofilm due to disturbance reduces the accumulation of pyoverdine. At intermediate synthesis rates, production of pyoverdine increases during disturbance as bacteria dispersed into the planktonic state enjoy increased growth and pyoverdine production rates. At low synthesis rates, disturbance does not alter the amount of pyoverdine produced since disturbance-driven access to nutrients does not augment pyoverdine synthesis. Our results suggest that environmental conditions shape robustness in the production of virulence factors and may lead to novel approaches to treat infections. IMPORTANCE Virulence factors are required to cause infections. Previous work has shown that the spatial organization of a population, such as a biofilm, can increase the production of some virulence factors, including pyoverdine, which is produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pyoverdine is essential for the infection process, and reducing its production can limit infections. We have discovered that periodically changing the spatial structure of a biofilm of P. aeruginosa strain PA14 using a physical force can reduce the production of pyoverdine. A mathematical model suggests that this is due to the disruption of spatial organization. Using additional strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients and the environment, we use experiments and modeling to show that this reduction in pyoverdine is due to interactions between biofilm density and the synthesis rate of pyoverdine. Our results identify conditions where pyoverdine production is reduced and may lead to novel ways to treat infections.
Collapse
|
47
|
Evstigneeva SS, Telesheva EM, Mokeev DI, Borisov IV, Petrova LP, Shelud’ko AV. Response of Bacteria to Mechanical Stimuli. Microbiology (Reading) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261721050052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract—
Bacteria adapt rapidly to changes in ambient conditions, constantly inspecting their surroundings by means of their sensor systems. These systems are often thought to respond only to signals of a chemical nature. Yet, bacteria are often affected by mechanical forces, e.g., during transition from planktonic to sessile state. Mechanical stimuli, however, have seldom been considered as the signals bacteria can sense and respond to. Nonetheless, bacteria perceive mechanical stimuli, generate signals, and develop responses. This review analyzes the information on the way bacteria respond to mechanical stimuli and outlines how bacteria convert incoming signals into appropriate responses.
Collapse
|
48
|
Watari S, Wada K, Araki M, Sadahira T, Ousaka D, Oozawa S, Nakatani T, Imai Y, Kato J, Kariyama R, Watanabe T, Nasu Y. Intraluminal diamond-like carbon coating with anti-adhesion and anti-biofilm effects for uropathogens: A novel technology applicable to urinary catheters. Int J Urol 2021; 28:1282-1289. [PMID: 34482564 PMCID: PMC9290946 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To examine anti‐adhesion and anti‐biofilm effects of a diamond‐like carbon coating deposited via a novel technique on the inner surface of a thin silicon tube. Methods Diamond‐like carbon coatings were deposited into the lumen of a silicon tube with inner diameters of 2 mm. The surface of the diamond‐like carbon was evaluated using physicochemical methods. We used three clinical isolates including green fluorescent protein‐expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. We employed a continuous flow system for evaluation of both bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Bacterial adhesion assays consisted of counting the number of colony‐forming units and visualization of adhered bacterial cells by scanning electron microscope to evaluate the diamond‐like carbon‐coated/uncoated samples. The biofilm structure was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy on days 3, 5, 7 and 14 for green fluorescent protein‐expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results The smooth and carbon‐rich structure of the intraluminal diamond‐like carbon film remained unchanged after the experiments. The numbers of colony‐forming units suggested lower adherence of green fluorescent protein‐expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli in the diamond‐like carbon‐coated samples compared with the uncoated samples. The scanning electron microscope images showed adhered green fluorescent protein‐expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells without formation of microcolonies on the diamond‐like carbon‐coated samples. Finally, biofilm formation on the diamond‐like carbon‐coated samples was lower until at least day 14 compared with the uncoated samples. Conclusions Intraluminal diamond‐like carbon coating on a silicone tube has anti‐adhesion and anti‐biofilm effects. This technology can be applied to urinary catheters made from various materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daiki Ousaka
- Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Susumu Oozawa
- Division of Clinical Safety Management, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Nakatani
- Institute of Frontier Science and Technology, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Junichi Kato
- Unit of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Banerjee P, Sahoo PK, Sheenu, Adhikary A, Ruhal R, Jain D. Molecular and structural facets of c-di-GMP signalling associated with biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 81:101001. [PMID: 34311995 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen and is the primary cause of nosocomial infections. Biofilm formation by this organism results in chronic and hard to eradicate infections. The intracellular signalling molecule bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a secondary messenger in bacterial cells crucial for motile to sessile transition. The signalling pathway components encompass two classes of enzymes with antagonistic activities, the diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that regulate the cellular levels of c-di-GMP at distinct stages of biofilm initiation, maturation and dispersion. This review summarizes the structural analysis and functional studies of the DGCs and PDEs involved in biofilm regulation in P. aeruginosa. In addition, we also describe the effector proteins that sense the perturbations in c-di-GMP levels to elicit a functional output. Finally, we discuss possible mechanisms that allow the dynamic levels of c-di-GMP to regulate cognate cellular response. Uncovering the details of the regulation of the c-di-GMP signalling pathway is vital for understanding the behaviour of the pathogen and characterization of novel targets for anti-biofilm interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyajit Banerjee
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India; Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Sahoo
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Sheenu
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Anirban Adhikary
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Rohit Ruhal
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Deepti Jain
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wen HQ, Ren HY, Xie GJ, Xing DF, Ren NQ, Liu BF. Accelerated start-up for photo-fermentative hydrogen production in biofilm reactor by adding waste effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111221. [PMID: 33971131 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The difficulty and long duration of start-up wastes numerous costs, labors and time and a little fluctuate during the process might fail it. However, studies dealing with the problem hindering accelerated start-up are still insufficient. Current research focused to develop a method for accelerated start-up in an efficient way. This work outlined a novel alternative for accelerated start-up. This joint method, adding waste effluent with applying biofilm reactor, could successfully start up hydrogen production in the first 24 h via increasing ability of hydrogen producers while the control group produced little hydrogen. The two factors, biofilm formation and addition of waste effluent, expressed the combined effects on accelerated start-up. This study suggested that little molecules like quorum sensing system factors and indoles might be the crucial regulating and stimulating factors and express the accelerated start-up ability only in biofilm reactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Quan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2614, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hong-Yu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2614, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Guo-Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2614, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - De-Feng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2614, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2614, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Bing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2614, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, China.
| |
Collapse
|