1
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Tripathi S, Najem H, Dussold C, Pacheco S, Du R, Sooreshjani M, Hurley L, Chandler JP, Stupp R, Sonabend AM, Horbinski CM, Lukas RV, Xiu J, Lopez G, Nicolaides TP, Brown V, Wadhwani NR, Lam SK, James CD, Rao G, Castro MG, Heimberger AB, DeCuypere M. Pediatric glioma immune profiling identifies TIM3 as a therapeutic target in BRAF fusion pilocytic astrocytoma. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e177413. [PMID: 39137048 PMCID: PMC11444160 DOI: 10.1172/jci177413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite being the leading cause of cancer-related childhood mortality, pediatric gliomas have been relatively understudied, and the repurposing of immunotherapies has not been successful. Whole-transcriptome sequencing, single-cell sequencing, and sequential multiplex immunofluorescence were used to identify an immunotherapeutic strategy that could be applied to multiple preclinical glioma models. MAPK-driven pediatric gliomas have a higher IFN signature relative to other molecular subgroups. Single-cell sequencing identified an activated and cytotoxic microglia (MG) population designated MG-Act in BRAF-fused, MAPK-activated pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), but not in high-grade gliomas or normal brain. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) was expressed on MG-Act and on the myeloid cells lining the tumor vasculature but not normal brain vasculature. TIM3 expression became upregulated on immune cells in the PA microenvironment, and anti-TIM3 reprogrammed ex vivo immune cells from human PAs to a proinflammatory cytotoxic phenotype. In a genetically engineered murine model of MAPK-driven, low-grade gliomas, anti-TIM3 treatment increased median survival over IgG- and anti-PD-1-treated mice. Single-cell RNA-Seq data during the therapeutic window of anti-TIM3 revealed enrichment of the MG-Act population. The therapeutic activity of anti-TIM3 was abrogated in mice on the CX3CR1 MG-KO background. These data support the use of anti-TIM3 in clinical trials of pediatric low-grade, MAPK-driven gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashwat Tripathi
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Hinda Najem
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Corey Dussold
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Sebastian Pacheco
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Ruochen Du
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Moloud Sooreshjani
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Lisa Hurley
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - James P Chandler
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Roger Stupp
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Craig M Horbinski
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rimas V Lukas
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Joanne Xiu
- Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Valerie Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sandi K Lam
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
- Division of Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Charles David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Texas, USA
| | - Maria G Castro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Michael DeCuypere
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
- Division of Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Wang X, Wang T, Kaneko S, Kriukov E, Lam E, Szczepan M, Chen J, Gregg A, Wang X, Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S, Baranov P, Sun Y. Photoreceptors inhibit pathological retinal angiogenesis through transcriptional regulation of Adam17 via c-Fos. Angiogenesis 2024; 27:379-395. [PMID: 38483712 PMCID: PMC11303108 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Pathological retinal angiogenesis profoundly impacts visual function in vascular eye diseases, such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants and age-related macular degeneration in the elderly. While the involvement of photoreceptors in these diseases is recognized, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study delved into the pivotal role of photoreceptors in regulating abnormal retinal blood vessel growth using an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model through the c-Fos/A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (Adam17) axis. Our findings revealed a significant induction of c-Fos expression in rod photoreceptors, and c-Fos depletion in these cells inhibited pathological neovascularization and reduced blood vessel leakage in the OIR mouse model. Mechanistically, c-Fos directly regulated the transcription of Adam17 a shedding protease responsible for the production of bioactive molecules involved in inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell adhesion and migration. Furthermore, we demonstrated the therapeutic potential by using an adeno-associated virus carrying a rod photoreceptor-specific short hairpin RNA against c-fos which effectively mitigated abnormal retinal blood vessel overgrowth, restored retinal thickness, and improved electroretinographic (ERG) responses. In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of photoreceptor c-Fos in ROP pathology, offering a novel perspective for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tianxi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emil Kriukov
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Enton Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manon Szczepan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jasmine Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Austin Gregg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xingyan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angeles Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petr Baranov
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Liu L, Gong X, Zhang X, Zhang D, Tang Y, Liu J, Li Y, Pan D. Resveratrol alleviates heat-stress-induced impairment of the jejunal mucosa through TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway in black-boned chicken. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103242. [PMID: 37980746 PMCID: PMC10685036 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress in chickens caused by high temperatures in summer is a serious issue faced by the poultry industry globally, which reduces product quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of resveratrol in alleviating heat stress injury and inflammatory response of jejunal mucosa in black-boned chickens through TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway. In total, 240 black-boned chickens (28-day old) were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups as follows. The normal temperature (NT) and normal temperature with resveratrol (NT+Res) groups received a basal diet without and with 400 mg/kg resveratrol, respectively, and treated at 24℃ ± 2℃, 24 h/d. The high temperature (HT) and high temperature with resveratrol (HT+Res) groups received basal diet without and with 400 mg/kg resveratrol, respectively, and treated at 37℃ ± 2℃ for 8 h/d and 24°C ± 2°C for the rest of the time for 12 d. The results revealed the heat-stress responses impaired the villous structure of the jejunum, causing a rough and uneven surface of the jejunal villus, and local intestinal villi were even more prone to rupture. However, resveratrol significantly improved the morphology and structure of jejunal mucosa under heat stress. Heat stress increased the mRNA levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), c-Jun, c-fos, caspase-3, and p38 (P < 0.05), reduced mRNA level of Bcl-2, and reduced the expression of tight junction proteins Occludin, ZO-1, and Claudin1 (P < 0.05) in the jejunal mucosa. However, resveratrol inhibited the TLR4/ mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway via downregulating TLR4, c-Jun, p38, and caspase-3 (P < 0.05); upregulating Bcl-2 (P < 0.05); decreasing the protein levels of MKK3, p53, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88); and increasing the protein levels of Occludin, ZO-1, and Claudin1. In addition, it reduced the levels of JNK and p38 proteins (P < 0.05) and inflammatory factors like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the jejunal mucosa of black-boned chickens under heat stress. In conclusion, resveratrol may play a regulatory role in heat-stress-induced damage and inflammatory response in the intestinal mucosa of black-boned chickens under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Gong
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Ying Tang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Jiantao Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Yajie Li
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Disheng Pan
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
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4
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Feng H, Zhang D, Yin Y, Kang J, Zheng R. Salidroside ameliorated the pulmonary inflammation induced by cigarette smoke via mitigating M1 macrophage polarization by JNK/c-Jun. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4251-4264. [PMID: 37254460 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation induced by cigarette smoke (CS) promoted the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and macrophage polarization caused by CS modulated inflammatory response. Previous studies indicated that salidroside exerted therapeutic effects in COPD, but the anti-inflammatory mechanisms were not clear. This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of salidroside on macrophage polarization induced by CS. Wistar rats received passively CS exposure and were treated intraperitoneally with salidroside at a low, medium or high dose. Lung tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Emphysema and inflammatory scores were evaluated by histomorphology. Lung function, cytokines, and cell differential counts in BALF were detected. The macrophage polarization was determined by immunohistochemistry in lung tissues. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) were isolated and treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE), salidroside or inhibitors of relative pathways. The polarization status was determined by qPCR, and the protein level was detected by Western blotting. CS exposure induced emphysema and lung function deterioration. The inflammatory scores, cytokines level and neutrophils counts were elevated after CS exposure. Salidroside treatment partly ameliorated above abnormal. CS exposure activated M1 and M2 polarization of AMs in vivo and in vitro, and salidroside mitigated M1 polarization induced by CS. CSE activated the JNK/c-Jun in AMs and the M1 polarization of AMs was inhibited by the inhibitors of JNK and AP-1. Salidroside treatment deactivated the JNK/c-Jun, which indicated that salidroside mitigated the M1 polarization of AMs induced by CS via inhibiting JNK/c-Jun. Salidroside treatment ameliorated the pulmonary inflammation and M1 polarization of AMs induced by CS, and the process might be mediated by the deactivation of JNK/c-Jun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoshen Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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5
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Ogden S, Ahmed I, Yang SH, Fullwood P, Francavilla C, Sharrocks AD. Oncogenic ERRB2 signals through the AP-1 transcription factor to control mesenchymal-like properties of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad001. [PMID: 36694726 PMCID: PMC9869078 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is a deadly disease with poor survival statistics and few targeted therapies available. One of the most common molecular aberrations in OAC is amplification or activation of the gene encoding the receptor tyrosine kinase ERBB2, and ERBB2 is targeted in the clinic for this subset of patients. However, the downstream consequences of these ERBB2 activating events are not well understood. Here we used a combination of phosphoproteomics, open chromatin profiling and transcriptome analysis on cell line models and patient-derived datasets to interrogate the molecular pathways operating downstream from ERBB2. Integrated analysis of these data sets converge on a model where dysregulated ERBB2 signalling is mediated at the transcriptional level by the transcription factor AP-1. AP-1 in turn controls cell behaviour by acting on cohorts of genes that regulate cell migration and adhesion, features often associated with EMT. Our study therefore provides a valuable resource for the cancer cell signalling community and reveals novel molecular determinants underlying the dysregulated behaviour of OAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ogden
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Shen-Hsi Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Paul Fullwood
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - Chiara Francavilla
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Andrew D Sharrocks
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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6
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Liu J, Yin Y, Ni J, Zhang P, Li WM, Liu Z. Dual Specific Phosphatase 7 Exacerbates Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Heart Failure, and Cardiac Death by Inactivating the ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:1219-1238. [PMID: 35596107 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the most common but complicated end-stage syndromes in clinical practice. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a myocardial structural abnormality that is associated with heart failure. Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) are a group of protein phosphatases that regulate signaling pathways in numerous diseases; however, their physiological and pathological impact on cardiovascular disease remains unknown. In the present study, we generated two transgenic mouse models, a DUSP7 knockout and a cardiac-specific DUSP7 overexpressor. Mice overexpressing DUSP7 showed an exacerbated disease phenotype, including severe dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and cardiac death. We further demonstrated that high levels of DUSP7 inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation and influenced downstream c-MYC, c-FOS, and c-JUN gene expression but did not affect upstream activators. Taken together, our study reveals a novel molecular mechanism for DUSP7 and provides a new therapeutic target and clinical path to alleviate dilated cardiomyopathy and improve cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihen Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Heart, Lung, and Blood Center, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Heart, Lung, and Blood Center, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Heart, Lung, and Blood Center, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Cryo-electron Microscopy Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, China.
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7
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Ibarra IL, Ratnu VS, Gordillo L, Hwang I, Mariani L, Weinand K, Hammarén HM, Heck J, Bulyk ML, Savitski MM, Zaugg JB, Noh K. Comparative chromatin accessibility upon BDNF stimulation delineates neuronal regulatory elements. Mol Syst Biol 2022; 18:e10473. [PMID: 35996956 PMCID: PMC9396287 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202110473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal stimulation induced by the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) triggers gene expression, which is crucial for neuronal survival, differentiation, synaptic plasticity, memory formation, and neurocognitive health. However, its role in chromatin regulation is unclear. Here, using temporal profiling of chromatin accessibility and transcription in mouse primary cortical neurons upon either BDNF stimulation or depolarization (KCl), we identify features that define BDNF-specific chromatin-to-gene expression programs. Enhancer activation is an early event in the regulatory control of BDNF-treated neurons, where the bZIP motif-binding Fos protein pioneered chromatin opening and cooperated with co-regulatory transcription factors (Homeobox, EGRs, and CTCF) to induce transcription. Deleting cis-regulatory sequences affect BDNF-mediated Arc expression, a regulator of synaptic plasticity. BDNF-induced accessible regions are linked to preferential exon usage by neurodevelopmental disorder-related genes and the heritability of neuronal complex traits, which were validated in human iPSC-derived neurons. Thus, we provide a comprehensive view of BDNF-mediated genome regulatory features using comparative genomic approaches to dissect mammalian neuronal stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio L Ibarra
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
- Faculty of BiosciencesCollaboration for Joint PhD Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Institute of Computational BiologyHelmholtz Center MunichOberschleißheimGermany
| | - Vikram S Ratnu
- Genome Biology UnitEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Lucia Gordillo
- Faculty of BiosciencesCollaboration for Joint PhD Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Genome Biology UnitEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
| | - In‐Young Hwang
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
- Genome Biology UnitEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Luca Mariani
- Division of Genetics, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Kathryn Weinand
- Division of Genetics, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Henrik M Hammarén
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
- Genome Biology UnitEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jennifer Heck
- Genome Biology UnitEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Martha L Bulyk
- Division of Genetics, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Mikhail M Savitski
- Genome Biology UnitEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Judith B Zaugg
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Kyung‐Min Noh
- Genome Biology UnitEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
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8
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Jiang X, Qin N, Hua T, Wei X, Li Y, Chen C, Gong L, Liu S, Wang C, Yin R, Jiang Y, Dai J, Xu L, Shen H, Ma H. Functional characterization and clinical significance of super-enhancers in lung adenocarcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:776-786. [PMID: 35596703 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Super-enhancers (SEs) are important transcriptional regulators in tumorigenesis; however, the functional characterization and clinical significance of SEs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear. By using H3K27ac ChIP-seq data of two LUAD cell lines and eight lung tissues, we detected 1045 cancer-specific and 5032 normal-specific SEs. Compared to normal-specific SEs, cancer-specific SEs have different regulatory mechanisms where associated target genes were enriched in critical tumor-related pathways and tended to be regulated by transcription factors of Fos Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit and Jun Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit families. By using expression data of 513 LUAD and 57 adjacent samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas and 80 tumor-normal paired LUAD samples from the Nanjing Lung Cancer Cohort study, we performed differential expression analysis of target genes for SEs and defined 243 crucial SEs. Unsupervised clustering of crucial SEs revealed two subtypes with different levels of genomic aberrations (i.e., mutation and copy number alteration) and clinical outcomes (progression-free interval: p = 0.030; disease-free interval: p = 0.047). In addition, patients with adverse clinical outcomes were more sensitive to three small molecule inhibitors (bortezomib, doxorubicin, and etoposide), and their targets (PSMB5 and TOP2A) also have elevated expression levels among these patients. Taken together, our findings provided a comprehensive characterization of SEs in LUAD and emphasized their clinical significance in LUAD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Qin
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Hua
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuancheng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Congcong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linnan Gong
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Units of Cohort Study on Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Units of Cohort Study on Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Dalhäusser AK, Rössler OG, Thiel G. Regulation of c-Fos gene transcription by stimulus-responsive protein kinases. Gene 2022; 821:146284. [PMID: 35143939 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The basic region leucin zipper (bZIP) protein c-Fos constitutes together with other bZIP proteins the AP-1 transcription factor complex. Expression of the c-Fos gene is regulated by numerous extracellular signaling molecules including mitogens, metabolites, and ligands for receptor tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors, and cytokine receptors. Here, we analyzed the effects of the stimulus-responsive MAP kinases ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase), JNK (c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase) and p38 protein kinase on transcription of the c-Fos gene. We used chromatin-integrated c-Fos promoter-luciferase reporter genes containing inactivating point mutations of DNA binding sites for distinct transcription factors. ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 protein kinases were specifically activated following expression of either a mutant of B-Raf, a truncated version of mitogen-activated/extracellular signal responsive kinase kinase kinase-1 (MEKK1), or a mutant of MAP kinase kinase-6 (MKK6), respectively. The results show that the DNA binding sites for serum response factor (SRF) and for the ternary complex factor (TCF) are of major importance for stimulating c-Fos promoter activity by MAP kinases. ERK1/2 and p38-induced stimulation of the c-Fos promoter additionally required the DNA binding site for the transcription factor AP-1. Mutation of the DNA binding site for STAT had no or only a small effect on c-Fos promoter activity. We conclude that MAP kinases do not activate distinct transcription factors involving distinct genetic elements. Rather, these kinases mainly target SRF and TCF proteins, leading to an activation of transcription of the c-Fos gene via the serum response element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisia K Dalhäusser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver G Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
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10
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Ma LL, Sun L, Wang YX, Sun BH, Li YF, Jin YL. Association between HO‑1 gene promoter polymorphisms and diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 25:29. [PMID: 34841438 PMCID: PMC8669660 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1) is an inducible cytoprotective enzyme that degrades heme into free iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin, which is then rapidly converted into bilirubin. These degradation products serve an important role in the regulation of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. While the expression level of HO‑1 is typically low in most cells, it may be highly expressed when induced by a variety of stimulating factors, a process that contributes to the regulation of cell homeostasis. In the 5'‑non‑coding region of the HO‑1 gene, there are two polymorphic sites, namely the (GT)n dinucleotide and T(‑413)A single nucleotide polymorphism sites, which regulate the transcriptional activity of HO‑1. These polymorphisms have been shown to be closely associated with the occurrence and progression of numerous diseases, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, liver and kidney, various types of cancer and viral diseases. The present article reviews the progress that has been made in research on the association between the two types of polymorphisms and these diseases, which is expected to provide novel strategies for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Ma
- School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xi Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Bai-He Sun
- School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Fei Li
- School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Ling Jin
- Management Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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11
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Nagesh R, Kiran Kumar K, Naveen Kumar M, Patil RH, Sharma SC. Regulation of Jun and Fos AP-1 transcription factors by JNK MAPKs signaling cascade in areca nut extract treated KB cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101090. [PMID: 34401529 PMCID: PMC8350022 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The edible endosperm of Areca catechu is recognized as a potent carcinogenic agent either consumed alone or in combination with tobacco. Habitual chewing of areca nut leads to orally potential malignant disorders which are highly effective in malignant transformation and thereby lead to oral carcinogenesis. Human buccal epithelial KB carcinoma cells were used as an experimental cell system to inspect the mechanistic act of aqueous extract of areca nut on biochemical status and their implications on transcriptional activation of cancer signaling cascade that could possibly trigger numerous oncogenic players and finally decides the cells fate. Extract treated cells showed reduced viability with altered balance between oxidants and antioxidants which lead to redox status and which is known to distort various biological processes within the cell system. Results of RT-PCR demonstrated decreased expression of BCl2, cell cycle regulators along with Activator Protein -1 (AP-1) components. While Bax, p16 and p21 mRNAs showed increased expression in extract treated KB cells. Likewise, the translational levels of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), tumor suppressor p53, retinoblastoma (Rb) and cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) were decreased along with AP-1 subunits (c-Jun/c-Fos) with increased protein levels of p21 in extract treated KB cells. Further, the downstream activation and regulation of AP-1 transcription factors could be through stress activated c-Jun - N terminal Kinase (JNK) Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) which downregulated both Jun and Fos mRNA transcripts in areca nut extract exposed KB cells. Thus, outcome of the study provides insights into mechanistic path of pathogenesis of areca related disorders. Further, it could aid in designing new therapeutic modalities that specific targets these oncogenic players and help in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Nagesh
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi, Bengaluru, 560 056, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, M S Ramaiah College of Arts Science and Commerce, Bengaluru, 560 054, Karnataka, India
| | - K.M. Kiran Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, The Oxford College of Science, Bengaluru, 560 102, Karnataka, India
| | - M. Naveen Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, M S Ramaiah College of Arts Science and Commerce, Bengaluru, 560 054, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajeshwari H. Patil
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560 012, Karnataka, India
| | - S. Chidananda Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi, Bengaluru, 560 056, Karnataka, India
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12
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Huang H, Jiang W, Hong K, Cai J, He Y, Ma X, Wu P, Lang J, Ma Y, Huang C, Yuan J. Protocatechualdehyde inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis and attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory osteolysis. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3821-3835. [PMID: 33778997 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory osteolysis as a consequence of chronic bacterial infection underlies several lytic bone conditions, such as otitis media, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, periodontitis, periprosthetic infection, and aseptic loosening of orthopedic implants. In consideration of the lack of effective preventive or treatments options against infectious osteolysis, the exploitation of novel pharmacological compounds/agents is critically required. The present study assessed the effect of protocatechualdehyde (PCA), a natural occurring polyphenolic compound with diverse biological activities including but not limited to antibacterial and antiinflammatory properties, on nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone loss in vivo. In the present study, it was found that PCA potently inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, fusion, and activation toward bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner via the suppression of the ERK/c-Fos/nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 signaling axis. It was further demonstrated that the in vivo administration of PCA could effectively protect mice against the deleterious effects of LPS-induced calvarial bone destruction by attenuating osteoclast formation and activity in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, these findings provided evidence for the potential therapeutic application of PCA in the prevention and treatment of infectious osteolytic conditions, and potentially other osteoclast-mediated bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Wenli Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kehua Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongchao He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuming Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junzhe Lang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuegang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Caiguo Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiandong Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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13
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Bejjani F, Tolza C, Boulanger M, Downes D, Romero R, Maqbool M, Zine El Aabidine A, Andrau JC, Lebre S, Brehelin L, Parrinello H, Rohmer M, Kaoma T, Vallar L, Hughes J, Zibara K, Lecellier CH, Piechaczyk M, Jariel-Encontre I. Fra-1 regulates its target genes via binding to remote enhancers without exerting major control on chromatin architecture in triple negative breast cancers. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:2488-2508. [PMID: 33533919 PMCID: PMC7968996 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous family of dimeric transcription factors AP-1 is made up of Fos and Jun family proteins. It has long been thought to operate principally at gene promoters and how it controls transcription is still ill-understood. The Fos family protein Fra-1 is overexpressed in triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) where it contributes to tumor aggressiveness. To address its transcriptional actions in TNBCs, we combined transcriptomics, ChIP-seqs, machine learning and NG Capture-C. Additionally, we studied its Fos family kin Fra-2 also expressed in TNBCs, albeit much less. Consistently with their pleiotropic effects, Fra-1 and Fra-2 up- and downregulate individually, together or redundantly many genes associated with a wide range of biological processes. Target gene regulation is principally due to binding of Fra-1 and Fra-2 at regulatory elements located distantly from cognate promoters where Fra-1 modulates the recruitment of the transcriptional co-regulator p300/CBP and where differences in AP-1 variant motif recognition can underlie preferential Fra-1- or Fra-2 bindings. Our work also shows no major role for Fra-1 in chromatin architecture control at target gene loci, but suggests collaboration between Fra-1-bound and -unbound enhancers within chromatin hubs sometimes including promoters for other Fra-1-regulated genes. Our work impacts our view of AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Bejjani
- IGMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- PRASE, DSST, ER045, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Claire Tolza
- IGMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Damien Downes
- Medical Research Council, Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Raphaël Romero
- IMAG, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- LIRMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Sophie Lebre
- IMAG, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Hughes Parrinello
- Montpellier GenomiX, MGX, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Rohmer
- Montpellier GenomiX, MGX, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Tony Kaoma
- Computational Biomedecine, Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Laurent Vallar
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jim R Hughes
- Medical Research Council, Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE, DSST, ER045, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Charles-Henri Lecellier
- IGMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- LIRMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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14
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Medda A, Duca D, Chiocca S. Human Papillomavirus and Cellular Pathways: Hits and Targets. Pathogens 2021; 10:262. [PMID: 33668730 PMCID: PMC7996217 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent of different kinds of tumors, including cervical cancers, non-melanoma skin cancers, anogenital cancers, and head and neck cancers. Despite the vaccination campaigns implemented over the last decades, we are far from eradicating HPV-driven malignancies. Moreover, the lack of targeted therapies to tackle HPV-related tumors exacerbates this problem. Biomarkers for early detection of the pathology and more tailored therapeutic approaches are needed, and a complete understanding of HPV-driven tumorigenesis is essential to reach this goal. In this review, we overview the molecular pathways implicated in HPV infection and carcinogenesis, emphasizing the potential targets for new therapeutic strategies as well as new biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susanna Chiocca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (D.D.)
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15
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Guerrero-Martínez JA, Ceballos-Chávez M, Koehler F, Peiró S, Reyes JC. TGFβ promotes widespread enhancer chromatin opening and operates on genomic regulatory domains. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6196. [PMID: 33273453 PMCID: PMC7713251 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ) signaling pathway controls transcription by regulating enhancer activity. How TGFβ-regulated enhancers are selected and what chromatin changes are associated with TGFβ-dependent enhancers regulation are still unclear. Here we report that TGFβ treatment triggers fast and widespread increase in chromatin accessibility in about 80% of the enhancers of normal mouse mammary epithelial-gland cells, irrespective of whether they are activated, repressed or not regulated by TGFβ. This enhancer opening depends on both the canonical and non-canonical TGFβ pathways. Most TGFβ-regulated genes are located around enhancers regulated in the same way, often creating domains of several co-regulated genes that we term TGFβ regulatory domains (TRD). CRISPR-mediated inactivation of enhancers within TRDs impairs TGFβ-dependent regulation of all co-regulated genes, demonstrating that enhancer targeting is more promiscuous than previously anticipated. The area of TRD influence is restricted by topologically associating domains (TADs) borders, causing a bias towards co-regulation within TADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Guerrero-Martínez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide (CSIC-USE-UPO), Avenida Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - María Ceballos-Chávez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide (CSIC-USE-UPO), Avenida Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Florian Koehler
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Peiró
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose C Reyes
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide (CSIC-USE-UPO), Avenida Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain.
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16
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Smolen P, Wood MA, Baxter DA, Byrne JH. Modeling suggests combined-drug treatments for disorders impairing synaptic plasticity via shared signaling pathways. J Comput Neurosci 2020; 49:37-56. [PMID: 33175283 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-020-00771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetic disorders such as Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) and Coffin-Lowry syndrome (CLS) cause lifelong cognitive disability, including deficits in learning and memory. Can pharmacological therapies be suggested that improve learning and memory in these disorders? To address this question, we simulated drug effects within a computational model describing induction of late long-term potentiation (L-LTP). Biochemical pathways impaired in these and other disorders converge on a common target, histone acetylation by acetyltransferases such as CREB binding protein (CBP), which facilitates gene induction necessary for L-LTP. We focused on four drug classes: tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) agonists, cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and ampakines. Simulations suggested each drug type alone may rescue deficits in L-LTP. A potential disadvantage, however, was the necessity of simulating strong drug effects (high doses), which could produce adverse side effects. Thus, we investigated the effects of six drug pairs among the four classes described above. These combination treatments normalized impaired L-LTP with substantially smaller individual drug 'doses'. In addition three of these combinations, a TrkB agonist paired with an ampakine and a cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor paired with a TrkB agonist or an ampakine, exhibited strong synergism in L-LTP rescue. Therefore, we suggest these drug combinations are promising candidates for further empirical studies in animal models of genetic disorders that impair histone acetylation, L-LTP, and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Smolen
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, W.M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, McGovern Medical School of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Marcelo A Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Douglas A Baxter
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, W.M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, McGovern Medical School of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John H Byrne
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, W.M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, McGovern Medical School of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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17
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Medina MV, Sapochnik D, Garcia Solá M, Coso O. Regulation of the Expression of Heme Oxygenase-1: Signal Transduction, Gene Promoter Activation, and Beyond. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1033-1044. [PMID: 31861960 PMCID: PMC7153632 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a ubiquitous 32-kDa protein expressed in many tissues and highly inducible. They catalyze the degradation of the heme group and the release of free iron, carbon monoxide, and biliverdin; the latter converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Its role in the regulation of cellular homeostasis is widely documented. Studying regulation of HO-1 expression is important not only to understand the life of healthy cells but also the unbalances in cell metabolism that lead to disease. Recent Advances: The regulation of its enzymatic activity depends heavily upon changes in expression studied mainly at the transcriptional level. Current knowledge regarding HO-1 gene expression focuses primarily on transcription factors such as Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), AP-1 (activator protein-1), and hypoxia-inducible factor, which collect signal transduction pathway information at the HO-1 gene promoter. Understanding of gene expression regulation is not limited to transcription factor activity but also involves an extended range of post- or cotranscriptional regulated events. Critical Issues: In addition to the regulation of gene promoter activity, alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation, and regulation of messenger RNA stability play critical roles in changes in HO-1 gene expression levels, involving specific factors, proteins, and microRNAs. All potential targets for diagnosis or treatment of diseases are related to HO-1 dysregulation. Future Directions: Unbalances in the tightly regulated gene expression mechanisms lead to cell transformation and cancer development. Knowledge of these events and signal transduction cascades triggered by oncogenes in which HO-1 plays a critical role is of upmost importance for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Medina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daiana Sapochnik
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Garcia Solá
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Omar Coso
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Hu X, Chen LF. Pinning Down the Transcription: A Role for Peptidyl-Prolyl cis-trans Isomerase Pin1 in Gene Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:179. [PMID: 32266261 PMCID: PMC7100383 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pin1 is a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase that specifically binds to a phosphorylated serine or threonine residue preceding a proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) motif and catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bond, resulting in conformational change of its substrates. Pin1 regulates many biological processes and is also involved in the development of human diseases, like cancer and neurological diseases. Many Pin1 substrates are transcription factors and transcription regulators, including RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and factors associated with transcription initiation, elongation, termination and post-transcription mRNA decay. By changing the stability, subcellular localization, protein-protein or protein-DNA/RNA interactions of these transcription related proteins, Pin1 modulates the transcription of many genes related to cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and immune response. Here, we will discuss how Pin regulates the properties of these transcription relevant factors for effective gene expression and how Pin1-mediated transcription contributes to the diverse pathophysiological functions of Pin1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin-Feng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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19
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Fan Q, Yin X, Rababa'h A, Diaz Diaz A, Wijaya CS, Singh S, Suryavanshi SV, Vo HH, Saeed M, Zhang Y, McConnell BK. Absence of gravin-mediated signaling inhibits development of high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H793-H810. [PMID: 31441691 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00215.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gravin, an A-kinase anchoring protein, is known to play a role in regulating key processes that lead to inflammation and atherosclerosis development, namely, cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. We investigated the role of gravin in the development of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia. Five-week-old male wild-type (WT) and gravin-t/t mice were fed a normal diet or an HFD for 16 wk. Gravin-t/t mice showed significantly lower liver-to-body-weight ratio, cholesterol, triglyceride, and very low-density lipoprotein levels in serum as compared with WT mice on HFD. Furthermore, there was less aortic plaque formation coupled with decreased lipid accumulation and liver damage, as the gravin-t/t mice had lower levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Additionally, gravin-t/t HFD-fed mice had decreased expression of liver 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, an essential enzyme for cholesterol synthesis and lower fatty acid synthase expression. Gravin-t/t HFD-fed mice also exhibited inhibition of sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) expression, a liver transcription factor associated with the regulation of lipid transportation. In response to platelet-derived growth factor receptor treatment, gravin-t/t vascular smooth muscle cells exhibited lower intracellular calcium transients and decreased protein kinase A- and protein kinase C-dependent substrate phosphorylation, notably involving the Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Collectively, these results suggest the involvement of gravin-dependent regulation of lipid metabolism via the reduction of SREBP-2 expression. The absence of gravin-mediated signaling lowers blood pressure, reduces plaque formation in the aorta, and decreases lipid accumulation and damage in the liver of HFD mice. Through these processes, the absence of gravin-mediated signaling complex delays the HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The gravin scaffolding protein plays a key role in the multiple enzymatic pathways of lipid metabolism. We have shown for the first time the novel role of gravin in regulating the pathways related to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Specifically, an absence of gravin-mediated signaling decreases the lipid levels (cholesterol, triglyceride, and VLDL) that are associated with sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Fan
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Xing Yin
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Abeer Rababa'h
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Andrea Diaz Diaz
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Cori S Wijaya
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Sonal Singh
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Santosh V Suryavanshi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Henry Hiep Vo
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Moawiz Saeed
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Bradley K McConnell
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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20
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Linder M, Glitzner E, Srivatsa S, Bakiri L, Matsuoka K, Shahrouzi P, Dumanic M, Novoszel P, Mohr T, Langer O, Wanek T, Mitterhauser M, Wagner EF, Sibilia M. EGFR is required for FOS-dependent bone tumor development via RSK2/CREB signaling. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201809408. [PMID: 30361264 PMCID: PMC6220323 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare tumor of the bone occurring mainly in young adults accounting for 5% of all childhood cancers. Because of the limited therapeutic options, there has been no survival improvement for OS patients in the past 40 years. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed in OS; however, its clinical relevance is unclear. Here, we employed an autochthonous c‐Fos‐dependent OS mouse model (H2‐c‐fosLTR) and human OS tumor biopsies for preclinical studies aimed at identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic benefits of anti‐EGFR therapies. We show that EGFR deletion/inhibition results in reduced tumor formation in H2‐c‐fosLTR mice by directly inhibiting the proliferation of cancer‐initiating osteoblastic cells by a mechanism involving RSK2/CREB‐dependent c‐Fos expression. Furthermore, OS patients with co‐expression of EGFR and c‐Fos exhibit reduced overall survival. Preclinical studies using human OS xenografts revealed that only tumors expressing both EGFR and c‐Fos responded to anti‐EGFR therapy demonstrating that c‐Fos can be considered as a novel biomarker predicting response to anti‐EGFR treatment in OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Linder
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Glitzner
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sriram Srivatsa
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Latifa Bakiri
- Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Parastoo Shahrouzi
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Dumanic
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Novoszel
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,LBI Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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21
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Bejjani F, Evanno E, Zibara K, Piechaczyk M, Jariel-Encontre I. The AP-1 transcriptional complex: Local switch or remote command? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:11-23. [PMID: 31034924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous family of AP-1 dimeric transcription complexes is involved in virtually all cellular and physiological functions. It is paramount for cells to reprogram gene expression in response to cues of many sorts and is involved in many tumorigenic processes. How AP-1 controls gene transcription has largely remained elusive till recently. The advent of the "omics" technologies permitting genome-wide studies of transcription factors has however changed and improved our view of AP-1 mechanistical actions. If these studies confirm that AP-1 can sometimes act as a local transcriptional switch operating in the vicinity of transcription start sites (TSS), they strikingly indicate that AP-1 principally operates as a remote command binding to distal enhancers, placing chromatin architecture dynamics at the heart of its transcriptional actions. They also unveil novel constraints operating on AP-1, as well as novel mechanisms used to regulate gene expression via transcription-pioneering-, chromatin-remodeling- and chromatin accessibility maintenance effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Bejjani
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Emilie Evanno
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marc Piechaczyk
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Isabelle Jariel-Encontre
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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22
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Choi Y, Rosewell KL, Brännström M, Akin JW, Curry TE, Jo M. FOS, a Critical Downstream Mediator of PGR and EGF Signaling Necessary for Ovulatory Prostaglandins in the Human Ovary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:4241-4252. [PMID: 30124866 PMCID: PMC6194814 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Context Fos null mice failed to ovulate and form a corpus luteum (CL) even when given exogenous gonadotropins, suggesting that ovarian Fos expression is critical for successful ovulation and CL formation. However, little is known about FOS in the human ovary. Objectives To determine the expression, regulation, and function of FOS in human periovulatory follicles. Design/Participants Timed periovulatory follicles were obtained from normally cycling women. Granulosa/lutein cells were collected from in vitro fertilization patients. Main Outcome Measures The in vivo expression after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration and in vitro regulation of FOS, JUN, JUNB, and JUND was evaluated at the mRNA and protein level. Binding of progesterone receptor (PGR) and FOS to their target genes was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and progesterone were measured. Results The expression of FOS, JUNB, and JUND drastically increased in ovulatory follicles after hCG administration. In human granulosa/lutein cell cultures, hCG increased the expression of FOS and JUN proteins. Inhibitors of PGR and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors reduced hCG-induced increases in the expression and phosphorylation of FOS. PGR bound to the FOS gene. A selective FOS inhibitor blocked hCG-induced increases in PGE2 and the expression of prostaglandin (PG) synthases and transporters (PTGES, SLCO2A1, and ABCC1). FOS bound to the promoter regions of these genes. Conclusions The increase of FOS/activator protein 1 in human periovulatory follicles after hCG administration is mediated by collaborative actions of PGR and EGF signaling and critical for the upregulated expression of key ovulatory genes required for the rise in ovulatory PG in human granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Katherine L Rosewell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Mats Brännström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Stockholm IVF, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Thomas E Curry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Misung Jo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
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23
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The Role of Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) Family Members in CD30-Positive Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040093. [PMID: 29597249 PMCID: PMC5923348 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor (TF) family, composed of a variety of members including c-JUN, c-FOS and ATF, is involved in mediating many biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation and cell death. Since their discovery, the role of AP-1 TFs in cancer development has been extensively analysed. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted the complexity of these TFs, mainly due to their cell-type specific homo- or hetero-dimerization resulting in diverse transcriptional response profiles. However, as a result of the increasing knowledge of the role of AP-1 TFs in disease, these TFs are being recognized as promising therapeutic targets for various malignancies. In this review, we focus on the impact of deregulated expression of AP-1 TFs in CD30-positive lymphomas including Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma and Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma.
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24
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Krishna A, Bhatt MLB, Singh V, Singh S, Gangwar PK, Singh US, Kumar V, Mehrotra D. Differential Expression of c-fos Proto-Oncogene in Normal Oral Mucosa versus Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:867-874. [PMID: 29582647 PMCID: PMC5980868 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.3.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The c-Fos nuclear protein dimerizes with Jun family proteins to form the transcription factor AP-1 complex which participates in signal transduction and regulation of normal cellular processes. In tumorigenesis, c-Fos promotes invasive growth through down-regulation of tumor suppressor genes but its role in oral carcinogenesis is not clear. Objectives: This study concerned c-fos gene expression in normal and malignant tissues of the oral cavity, with attention to associations between expression status and clinico-pathological profiles of OSCC patients. Method: A total of 65 histopathologically confirmed OSCC tissue samples were included in case group along with an equal number of age and sex-matched normal tissue samples of oral cavity for the control group. c-Fos protein and m-RNA expressions were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR, respectively. Results: A significant low expression of c-Fos protein was observed in OSCC cases than normal control subjects (p= <0.001). The mean percent positivity of c-Fos protein in cases vs. controls was 24.91± 2.7 vs. 49.68± 2.2 (p= <0.001). Most OSCC tissue samples showed weak or moderate c-Fos expression whereas 53.8% of normal tissue sections presented with strong immunostaining. Moreover, the relative m-RNA expression for the c-fos gene was significantly decreased in case group (0.93± 0.48) as compared to the control group (1.22± 0.87). Majority of c-Fos positive cases were diagnosed with well developed tumor. The mean percent positivity of c-Fos protein was significantly lower in higher grade tumor as compared with normal oral mucosa (p= < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study suggested that the c-fos gene is downregulated in oral carcinomas. The disparity of c-Fos protein levels in different pathological grades of tumor and normal oral tissue samples may indicate that loss of c-Fos expression is related with the progression of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Krishna
- Department of Physiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, U.P., India.
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25
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Thiel G, Rössler OG. Resveratrol stimulates c-Fos gene transcription via activation of ERK1/2 involving multiple genetic elements. Gene 2018. [PMID: 29514046 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The polyphenol resveratrol is found in many plant and fruits and is a constituent of our diet. Resveratrol has been proposed to have chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory activities. On the cellular level, resveratrol activates stimulus-regulated transcription factors. To identify resveratrol-responsive elements within a natural gene promoter, the molecular pathway leading to c-Fos gene expression by resveratrol was dissected. The c-Fos gene encodes a basic region leucine zipper transcription factor and is a prototype of an immediate-early gene that is regulated by a wide range of signaling molecules. We analyzed chromatin-integrated c-Fos promoter-luciferase reporter genes where transcription factor binding sites were destroyed by point mutations or deletion mutagenesis. The results show that mutation of the binding sites for serum response factor (SRF), activator protein-1 (AP-1) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) significantly reduced reporter gene transcription following stimulation of the cells with resveratrol. Inactivation of the binding sites for signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) or ternary complex factors did not influence resveratrol-regulated c-Fos promoter activity. Thus, the c-Fos promoter contains three resveratrol-responsive elements, the cAMP response element (CRE), and the binding sites for SRF and AP-1. Moreover, we show that the transcriptional activation potential of the c-Fos protein is increased in resveratrol-stimulated cells, indicating that the biological activity of c-Fos is elevated by resveratrol stimulation. Pharmacological and genetic experiments revealed that the protein kinase ERK1/2 is the signal transducer that connects resveratrol treatment with the c-Fos gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver G Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
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26
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Janovec V, Aouar B, Font-Haro A, Hofman T, Trejbalova K, Weber J, Chaperot L, Plumas J, Olive D, Dubreuil P, Nunès JA, Stranska R, Hirsch I. The MEK1/2-ERK Pathway Inhibits Type I IFN Production in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29535732 PMCID: PMC5835309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that the crosslinking of regulatory receptors (RRs), such as blood dendritic cell antigen 2 (BDCA-2) (CD303) or ILT7 (CD85g), of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) efficiently suppresses the production of type I interferons (IFN-I, α/β/ω) and other cytokines in response to toll-like receptor 7 and 9 (TLR7/9) ligands. The exact mechanism of how this B cell receptor (BCR)-like signaling blocks TLR7/9-mediated IFN-I production is unknown. Here, we stimulated BCR-like signaling by ligation of RRs with BDCA-2 and ILT7 mAbs, hepatitis C virus particles, or BST2 expressing cells. We compared BCR-like signaling in proliferating pDC cell line GEN2.2 and in primary pDCs from healthy donors, and addressed the question of whether pharmacological targeting of BCR-like signaling can antagonize RR-induced pDC inhibition. To this end, we tested the TLR9-mediated production of IFN-I and proinflammatory cytokines in pDCs exposed to a panel of inhibitors of signaling molecules involved in BCR-like, MAPK, NF-ĸB, and calcium signaling pathways. We found that MEK1/2 inhibitors, PD0325901 and U0126 potentiated TLR9-mediated production of IFN-I in GEN2.2 cells. More importantly, MEK1/2 inhibitors significantly increased the TLR9-mediated IFN-I production blocked in both GEN2.2 cells and primary pDCs upon stimulation of BCR-like or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced protein kinase C (PKC) signaling. Triggering of BCR-like and PKC signaling in pDCs resulted in an upregulation of the expression and phoshorylation of c-FOS, a downstream gene product of the MEK1/2-ERK pathway. We found that the total level of c-FOS was higher in proliferating GEN2.2 cells than in the resting primary pDCs. The PD0325901-facilitated restoration of the TLR9-mediated IFN-I production correlated with the abrogation of MEK1/2-ERK-c-FOS signaling. These results indicate that the MEK1/2-ERK pathway inhibits TLR9-mediated type I IFN production in pDCs and that pharmacological targeting of MEK1/2-ERK signaling could be a strategy to overcome immunotolerance of pDCs and re-establish their immunogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Janovec
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Biocev, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre (GSRC), Prague, Czechia
| | - Besma Aouar
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Albert Font-Haro
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Biocev, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre (GSRC), Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomas Hofman
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Biocev, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Katerina Trejbalova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre (GSRC), Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Joel Plumas
- INSERM U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Dubreuil
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques A Nunès
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Ruzena Stranska
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Ivan Hirsch
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Biocev, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre (GSRC), Prague, Czechia.,Cancer Research Center of Marseille, CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
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27
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Liu R, Zhang T, Zhu G, Xing M. Regulation of mutant TERT by BRAF V600E/MAP kinase pathway through FOS/GABP in human cancer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:579. [PMID: 29422527 PMCID: PMC5805723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique oncogene duet of coexisting BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations are widely found to be a robust genetic background promoting human cancer aggressiveness, but the mechanism is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the BRAF V600E/MAP kinase pathway phosphorylates and activates FOS, which in turn acts as a transcription factor to bind and activate the GABPB promoter, increasing GABPB expression and driving formation of GABPA-GABPB complex; the latter selectively binds and activates mutant TERT promoter, upregulating TERT expression. Elevated TERT functions as a strong oncoprotein, robustly promoting aggressive behaviors of cancer cells and tumor development. We thus identify a molecular mechanism for the activation of mutant TERT by the BRAF V600E/MAP kinase pathway, in which FOS as a transcriptional factor of GABPB promoter plays a key role in functionally bridging the two oncogenes in cooperatively promoting oncogenesis, providing important cancer biological and clinical implications. The mechanism of tumor progression robustly promoted by co-existing BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations is not known. Here, the authors show a mechanism of mutant TERT activation by BRAF V600E and MAPK pathways in which FOS, as a transcription factor of the GABPB promoter, functionally links the two oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengyun Liu
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Guangwu Zhu
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Mingzhao Xing
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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28
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Wynne JW, Todd S, Boyd V, Tachedjian M, Klein R, Shiell B, Dearnley M, McAuley AJ, Woon AP, Purcell AW, Marsh GA, Baker ML. Comparative Transcriptomics Highlights the Role of the Activator Protein 1 Transcription Factor in the Host Response to Ebolavirus. J Virol 2017; 91:e01174-17. [PMID: 28931675 PMCID: PMC5686711 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01174-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus comprise two genera of negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that cause severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans. Despite considerable research efforts, the molecular events following Ebola virus (EBOV) infection are poorly understood. With the view of identifying host factors that underpin EBOV pathogenesis, we compared the transcriptomes of EBOV-infected human, pig, and bat kidney cells using a transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) approach. Despite a significant difference in viral transcription/replication between the cell lines, all cells responded to EBOV infection through a robust induction of extracellular growth factors. Furthermore, a significant upregulation of activator protein 1 (AP1) transcription factor complex members FOS and JUN was observed in permissive cell lines. Functional studies focusing on human cells showed that EBOV infection induces protein expression, phosphorylation, and nuclear accumulation of JUN and, to a lesser degree, FOS. Using a luciferase-based reporter, we show that EBOV infection induces AP1 transactivation activity within human cells at 48 and 72 h postinfection. Finally, we show that JUN knockdown decreases the expression of EBOV-induced host gene expression. Taken together, our study highlights the role of AP1 in promoting the host gene expression profile that defines EBOV pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Many questions remain about the molecular events that underpin filovirus pathophysiology. The rational design of new intervention strategies, such as postexposure therapeutics, will be significantly enhanced through an in-depth understanding of these molecular events. We believe that new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of EBOV may be possible by examining the transcriptomic response of taxonomically diverse cell lines (derived from human, pig, and bat). We first identified the responsive pathways using an RNA-seq-based transcriptomics approach. Further functional and computational analysis focusing on human cells highlighted an important role for the AP1 transcription factor in mediating the transcriptional response to EBOV infection. Our study sheds new light on how host transcription factors respond to and promote the transcriptional landscape that follows viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Wynne
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shawn Todd
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victoria Boyd
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary Tachedjian
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Reuben Klein
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian Shiell
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan Dearnley
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander J McAuley
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda P Woon
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn A Marsh
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle L Baker
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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29
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van IJzendoorn DGP, Forghany Z, Liebelt F, Vertegaal AC, Jochemsen AG, Bovée JVMG, Szuhai K, Baker DA. Functional analyses of a human vascular tumor FOS variant identify a novel degradation mechanism and a link to tumorigenesis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21282-21290. [PMID: 29150442 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c117.815845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid hemangioma is a locally aggressive vascular neoplasm, found in bones and soft tissue, whose cause is currently unknown, but may involve oncogene activation. FOS is one of the earliest viral oncogenes to be characterized, and normal cellular FOS forms part of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor complex, which plays a pivotal role in cell growth, differentiation, and survival as well as the DNA damage response. Despite this, a causal link between aberrant FOS function and naturally occurring tumors has not yet been established. Here, we describe a thorough molecular and biochemical analysis of a mutant FOS protein we identified in these vascular tumors. The mutant protein lacks a highly conserved helix consisting of the C-terminal four amino acids of FOS, which we show is indispensable for fast, ubiquitin-independent FOS degradation via the 20S proteasome. Our work reveals that FOS stimulates endothelial sprouting and that perturbation of normal FOS degradation could account for the abnormal vessel growth typical of epithelioid hemangioma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first functional characterization of mutant FOS proteins found in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zary Forghany
- Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frauke Liebelt
- Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred C Vertegaal
- Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aart G Jochemsen
- Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Karoly Szuhai
- Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David A Baker
- Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Huang YWA, Zhou B, Wernig M, Südhof TC. ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4 Differentially Stimulate APP Transcription and Aβ Secretion. Cell 2017; 168:427-441.e21. [PMID: 28111074 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human apolipoprotein E (ApoE) apolipoprotein is primarily expressed in three isoforms (ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4) that differ only by two residues. ApoE4 constitutes the most important genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), ApoE3 is neutral, and ApoE2 is protective. How ApoE isoforms influence AD pathogenesis, however, remains unclear. Using ES-cell-derived human neurons, we show that ApoE secreted by glia stimulates neuronal Aβ production with an ApoE4 > ApoE3 > ApoE2 potency rank order. We demonstrate that ApoE binding to ApoE receptors activates dual leucine-zipper kinase (DLK), a MAP-kinase kinase kinase that then activates MKK7 and ERK1/2 MAP kinases. Activated ERK1/2 induces cFos phosphorylation, stimulating the transcription factor AP-1, which in turn enhances transcription of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) and thereby increases amyloid-β levels. This molecular mechanism also regulates APP transcription in mice in vivo. Our data describe a novel signal transduction pathway in neurons whereby ApoE activates a non-canonical MAP kinase cascade that enhances APP transcription and amyloid-β synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Alvin Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marius Wernig
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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31
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Roumaud P, Martin LJ. Roles of leptin, adiponectin and resistin in the transcriptional regulation of steroidogenic genes contributing to decreased Leydig cells function in obesity. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2016; 24:25-45. [PMID: 26587746 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2015-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The increase in obesity rate is a major public health issue associated with increased pathological conditions such as type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular diseases. Obesity also contributes to decreased testosterone levels in men. Indeed, the adipose tissue is an endocrine organ which produces hormones such as leptin, adiponectin and resistin. Obesity results in pathological accumulations of leptin and resistin, whereas adiponectin plasma levels are markedly reduced, all having a negative impact on testosterone synthesis. This review focuses on current knowledge related to transcriptional regulation of Leydig cells' steroidogenesis by leptin, adiponectin and resistin. We show that there are crosstalks between the regulatory mechanisms of these hormones and androgen production which may result in a dramatic negative influence on testosterone plasma levels. Indeed leptin, adiponectin and resistin can impact expression of different steroidogenic genes such as Star, Cyp11a1 or Sf1. Further investigations will be required to better define the implications of adipose derived hormones on regulation of steroidogenic genes expression within Leydig cells under physiological as well as pathological conditions.
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Priyamvada S, Anbazhagan AN, Kumar A, Soni V, Alrefai WA, Gill RK, Dudeja PK, Saksena S. Lactobacillus acidophilus stimulates intestinal P-glycoprotein expression via a c-Fos/c-Jun-dependent mechanism in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G599-608. [PMID: 26867563 PMCID: PMC4836133 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00210.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) culture supernatant (CS) increased P-glycoprotein [Pgp/multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1)] function, expression, and promoter activity in Caco-2 cells. The current studies were designed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms mediating the stimulatory effects of LA CS on Pgp promoter activity. Deletion analysis indicated that the LA CS response element(s) is located in the -172/+428-bp region, and sequence analysis of this region revealed three potential binding sites for c-Fos or c-Jun: proximal activating protein (AP) 1a (-119/-98 bp), distal AP1b (-99/-78 bp), and AP1c (+175/+196 bp). LA CS (24 h) showed an approximately twofold increase in the protein expression of c-Fos and c-Jun in Caco-2 cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that LA CS markedly increased the binding of Caco-2 nuclear proteins to AP1a and AP1b, but not AP1c. The DNA-protein complex was completely eliminated by c-Fos antibody, while c-Jun antibody partially eliminated the complex. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis also showed that LA CS enhanced the association of c-Fos and c-Jun (by ∼4- and 1.5-fold, respectively) with endogenous Pgp promoter in Caco-2 cells (p-172/+1). Interestingly, overexpression of c-Fos or c-Jun activated Pgp promoter by nearly twofold each. This increase was further enhanced (∼14-fold) when c-Fos and c-Jun were simultaneously overexpressed, suggesting that the presence of one of these transcription factors potentiates the effect of the other. These studies, for the first time, provide evidence for the involvement of c-Fos/c-Jun in stimulation of Pgp gene expression by LA CS in the human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubha Priyamvada
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Arivarasu N. Anbazhagan
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Anoop Kumar
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Vikas Soni
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Waddah A. Alrefai
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and ,2Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ravinder K. Gill
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Pradeep K. Dudeja
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and ,2Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Seema Saksena
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
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Rubil S, Rössler OG, Thiel G. CREB, AP-1, ternary complex factors and MAP kinases connect transient receptor potential melastatin-3 (TRPM3) channel stimulation with increased c-Fos expression. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:305-18. [PMID: 26493679 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The rise in intracellular Ca(2+) stimulates the expression of the transcription factor c-Fos. Depending on the mode of entry of Ca(2+) into the cytosol, distinct signal transducers and transcription factors are required. Here, we have analysed the signalling pathway connecting a Ca(2+) influx via activation of transient receptor potential melastatin-3 (TRPM3) channels with enhanced c-Fos expression. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Transcription of c-Fos promoter/reporter genes that were integrated into the chromatin via lentiviral gene transfer was analysed in HEK293 cells overexpressing TRPM3. The transcriptional activation potential of c-Fos was measured using a GAL4-c-Fos fusion protein. KEY RESULTS The signalling pathway connecting TRPM3 stimulation with enhanced c-Fos expression requires the activation of MAP kinases. On the transcriptional level, three Ca(2+) -responsive elements, the cAMP-response element and the binding sites for the serum response factor (SRF) and AP-1, are essential for the TRPM3-mediated stimulation of the c-Fos promoter. Ternary complex factors are additionally involved in connecting TRPM3 stimulation with the up-regulation of c-Fos expression. Stimulation of TRPM3 channels also increases the transcriptional activation potential of c-Fos. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Signalling molecules involved in connecting TRPM3 with the c-Fos gene are MAP kinases and the transcription factors CREB, SRF, AP-1 and ternary complex factors. As c-Fos constitutes, together with other basic region leucine zipper transcription factors, the AP-1 transcription factor complex, the results of this study explain TRPM3-induced activation of AP-1 and connects TRPM3 with the biological functions regulated by AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rubil
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver G Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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An interplay between the p38 MAPK pathway and AUBPs regulates c-fos mRNA stability during mitogenic stimulation. Biochem J 2015; 467:77-90. [PMID: 25588078 DOI: 10.1042/bj20141100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways constitute key regulatory elements linking extracellular stimuli to nuclear gene expression. Immediate-early responsive genes (IEGs) of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) family, such as fos, achieve peak expression levels shortly after cells are stimulated with growth factors and sharply decrease thereafter. Several AU-rich binding proteins (AUBPs), including HuR (Hu-antigen R, Elav-like protein 1, ELAVL1) and KSRP (far upstream element-binding protein 2, KHSRP) bind to a fos AU-rich element (ARE) present in the 3'-UTR (untranslated region) of fos mRNA regulating its stability by a still poorly defined mechanism. We show in the present study that, whereas HuR binds and stabilizes transcribed reporter mRNAs bearing the fos 3'-UTR, KSRP counteracts this effect. Furthermore, we found that fos mRNA stability and HuR phosphorylation status are dependent on the activity of p38 MAPK in both epithelial cells and fibroblasts upon proliferative stimulation. Analysing PPI (protein-protein interaction) networks, we performed a thorough query of interacting proteins for p38 MAPKs, HuR and other AUBPs upon growth factor stimulation. This revealed novel HuR interactors including inhibitors of protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) activity. Over-expression of two of these interactors, pp32 and APRIL (acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member B, ANP32B) and pharmacological inhibition of PP2A stabilized a fos reporter mRNA. Our results indicate that p38 MAPK regulates fos mRNA decay by affecting the state of phosphorylation of HuR while controlling yet to be fully elucidated PP regulatory networks.
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35
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Tabariès S, Annis MG, Hsu BE, Tam CE, Savage P, Park M, Siegel PM. Lyn modulates Claudin-2 expression and is a therapeutic target for breast cancer liver metastasis. Oncotarget 2015; 6:9476-87. [PMID: 25823815 PMCID: PMC4496232 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin-2 enhances breast cancer liver metastasis and promotes the development of colorectal cancers. The objective of our current study is to define the regulatory mechanisms controlling Claudin-2 expression in breast cancer cells. We evaluated the effect of several Src Family Kinase (SFK) inhibitors or knockdown of individual SFK members on Claudin-2 expression in breast cancer cells. We also assessed the potential effects of pan-SFK and SFK-selective inhibitors on the formation of breast cancer liver metastases. This study reveals that pan inhibition of SFK signaling pathways significantly elevated Claudin-2 expression levels in breast cancer cells. In addition, our data demonstrate that pan-SFK inhibitors can enhance breast cancer metastasis to the liver. Knockdown of individual SFK members reveals that loss of Yes or Fyn induces Claudin-2 expression; whereas, diminished Lyn levels impairs Claudin-2 expression in breast cancer cells. The Lyn-selective kinase inhibitor, Bafetinib (INNO-406), acts to reduce Claudin-2 expression and suppress breast cancer liver metastasis. Our findings may have major clinical implications and advise against the treatment of breast cancer patients with broad-acting SFK inhibitors and support the use of Lyn-specific inhibitors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/prevention & control
- Carcinoma/secondary
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Claudins/biosynthesis
- Claudins/genetics
- Dasatinib/pharmacology
- Dasatinib/therapeutic use
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Liver Neoplasms/secondary
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/physiology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factor AP-1/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- src-Family Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- src-Family Kinases/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Tabariès
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 1A3
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 1A3
| | - Matthew G. Annis
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 1A3
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 1A3
| | - Brian E. Hsu
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 1A3
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 1A3
| | - Christine E. Tam
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 1A3
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 1A3
| | - Paul Savage
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 1A3
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 1A3
| | - Morag Park
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 1A3
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 1A3
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 1A3
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 1A3
| | - Peter M. Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 1A3
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 1A3
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 1A3
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36
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Ji L, Zheng Z, Shi L, Huang Y, Lu B, Wang Z. Andrographolide decreased VEGFD expression in hepatoma cancer cells by inducing ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated cFos protein degradation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:750-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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37
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Lee MK, Kim IH, Choi YH, Nam TJ. A peptide from Porphyra yezoensis stimulates the proliferation of IEC-6 cells by activating the insulin-like growth factor I receptor signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:533-8. [PMID: 25500890 PMCID: PMC4292718 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyra yezoensis (P. yezoensis) is the most noteworthy red alga and is mainly consumed in China, Japan and Korea. In the present study, the effects of a P. yezoensis peptide (PY-PE) on cell proliferation and the associated signaling pathways were examined in IEC-6 rat intestinal epithelial cells. First, the MTS assay showed that PY-PE induced cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Subsequently, the mechanism behind the proliferative activity induced by PY-PE was determined. The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) signaling pathway was the main focus as it plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. PY-PE increased the protein and mRNA expression of IGF-IR, insulin receptor substrate-1, Shc and PY-99. In addition, PY-PE stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt activation but inhibited p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. Furthermore, PY-PE treatment increased protein and mRNA expression levels of activator protein-1, which regulates cell proliferation and survival, in the nuclear fraction. These results have significant implications for understanding the role of cell proliferation signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hye Kim
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 619‑911, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 619‑911, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea
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38
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Kadiyala SB, Papandrea D, Tuz K, Anderson TM, Jayakumar S, Herron BJ, Ferland RJ. Spatiotemporal differences in the c-fos pathway between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice following flurothyl-induced seizures: A dissociation of hippocampal Fos from seizure activity. Epilepsy Res 2014; 109:183-96. [PMID: 25524858 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Significant differences in seizure characteristics between inbred mouse strains highlight the importance of genetic predisposition to epilepsy. Here, we examined the genetic differences between the seizure-resistant C57BL/6J (B6) mouse strain and the seizure-susceptible DBA/2J (D2) strain in the phospho-Erk and Fos pathways to examine seizure-induced neuronal activity to uncover potential mechanistic correlates to these disparate seizure responsivities. Expression of neural activity markers was examined following 1, 5, or 8 seizures, or after 8 seizures, a 28 day rest period, and a final flurothyl rechallenge. Two brain regions, the hippocampus and ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH), had significantly different Fos expression profiles following seizures. Fos expression was highly robust in B6 hippocampus following one seizure and remained elevated following multiple seizures. Conversely, there was an absence of Fos (and phospho-Erk) expression in D2 hippocampus following one generalized seizure that increased with multiple seizures. This lack of Fos expression occurred despite intracranial electroencephalographic recordings indicating that the D2 hippocampus propagated ictal discharge during the first flurothyl seizure suggesting a dissociation of seizure discharge from Fos and phospho-Erk expression. Global transcriptional analysis confirmed a dysregulation of the c-fos pathway in D2 mice following 1 seizure. Moreover, global analysis of RNA expression differences between B6 and D2 hippocampus revealed a unique pattern of transcripts that were co-regulated with Fos in D2 hippocampus following 1 seizure. These expression differences could, in part, account for D2's seizure susceptibility phenotype. Following 8 seizures, a 28 day rest period, and a final flurothyl rechallenge, ∼85% of B6 mice develop a more complex seizure phenotype consisting of a clonic-forebrain seizure that uninterruptedly progresses into a brainstem seizure. This seizure phenotype in B6 mice is highly correlated with bilateral Fos expression in the VMH and was not observed in D2 mice, which always express clonic-forebrain seizures upon flurothyl retest. Overall, these results illustrate specific differences in protein and RNA expression in different inbred strains following seizures that precede the reorganizational events that affect seizure susceptibility and changes in seizure semiology over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar B Kadiyala
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Dominick Papandrea
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Karina Tuz
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Tara M Anderson
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Sachidhanand Jayakumar
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Bruce J Herron
- Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY 12201, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12201, USA
| | - Russell J Ferland
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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39
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Pereira AM, Tudor C, Pouille PA, Shekhar S, Kanger JS, Subramaniam V, Martín-Blanco E. Plasticity of the MAPK signaling network in response to mechanical stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101963. [PMID: 25025279 PMCID: PMC4099004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells display versatile responses to mechanical inputs and recent studies have identified the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades mediating the biological effects observed upon mechanical stimulation. Although, MAPK pathways can act insulated from each other, several mechanisms facilitate the crosstalk between the components of these cascades. Yet, the combinatorial complexity of potential molecular interactions between these elements have prevented the understanding of their concerted functions. To analyze the plasticity of the MAPK signaling network in response to mechanical stress we performed a non-saturating epistatic screen in resting and stretched conditions employing as readout a JNK responsive dJun-FRET biosensor. By knocking down MAPKs, and JNK pathway regulators, singly or in pairs in Drosophila S2R+ cells, we have uncovered unexpected regulatory links between JNK cascade kinases, Rho GTPases, MAPKs and the JNK phosphatase Puc. These relationships have been integrated in a system network model at equilibrium accounting for all experimentally validated interactions. This model allows predicting the global reaction of the network to its modulation in response to mechanical stress. It also highlights its context-dependent sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Pereira
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10–12, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cicerone Tudor
- Nanobiophysics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe-Alexandre Pouille
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10–12, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Nanobiophysics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes S. Kanger
- Nanobiophysics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Vinod Subramaniam
- Nanobiophysics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (VS); (EMB)
| | - Enrique Martín-Blanco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10–12, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (VS); (EMB)
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Zhang W, Nandakumar N, Shi Y, Manzano M, Smith A, Graham G, Gupta S, Vietsch EE, Laughlin SZ, Wadhwa M, Chetram M, Joshi M, Wang F, Kallakury B, Toretsky J, Wellstein A, Yi C. Downstream of mutant KRAS, the transcription regulator YAP is essential for neoplastic progression to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra42. [PMID: 24803537 PMCID: PMC4175524 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer with poor survival rates and frequently carries oncogenic KRAS mutation. However, KRAS has thus far not been a viable therapeutic target. We found that the abundance of YAP mRNA, which encodes Yes-associated protein (YAP), a protein regulated by the Hippo pathway during tissue development and homeostasis, was increased in human PDAC tissue compared with that in normal pancreatic epithelia. In genetically engineered Kras(G12D) and Kras(G12D):Trp53(R172H) mouse models, pancreas-specific deletion of Yap halted the progression of early neoplastic lesions to PDAC without affecting normal pancreatic development and endocrine function. Although Yap was dispensable for acinar to ductal metaplasia (ADM), an initial step in the progression to PDAC, Yap was critically required for the proliferation of mutant Kras or Kras:Trp53 neoplastic pancreatic ductal cells in culture and for their growth and progression to invasive PDAC in mice. Yap functioned as a critical transcriptional switch downstream of the oncogenic KRAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, promoting the expression of genes encoding secretory factors that cumulatively sustained neoplastic proliferation, a tumorigenic stromal response in the tumor microenvironment, and PDAC progression in Kras and Kras:Trp53 mutant pancreas tissue. Together, our findings identified Yap as a critical oncogenic KRAS effector and a promising therapeutic target for PDAC and possibly other types of KRAS-mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Zhang
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Nivedita Nandakumar
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Yuhao Shi
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Mark Manzano
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Alias Smith
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Garrett Graham
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Swati Gupta
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Eveline E. Vietsch
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Sean Z. Laughlin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Mandheer Wadhwa
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Mahandranauth Chetram
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Mrinmayi Joshi
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Fen Wang
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jeffrey Toretsky
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Chunling Yi
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Renaud SJ, Kubota K, Rumi MAK, Soares MJ. The FOS transcription factor family differentially controls trophoblast migration and invasion. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:5025-39. [PMID: 24379408 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.523746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extravillous trophoblast invasion is a fundamental component of human placentation. Invading trophoblast cells promote blood flow to the conceptus by actively remodeling the uterine vasculature. The extent of trophoblast invasion is tightly regulated; aberrant invasion is linked with several obstetrical complications. However, the transcriptional networks responsible for controlling the extent of trophoblast invasion are not well defined. Previous studies have identified high levels of FOS (FOS, FOSB, FOS-like (FOSL) 1, and FOSL2) proteins in extravillous trophoblast cells. These proteins form part of the activating protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor complex and are implicated in regulating gene networks controlling cellular invasion in diverse biological systems. Therefore, we hypothesized that FOS family proteins play a role in regulating trophoblast invasion. We assessed expression of FOS family proteins in trophoblast cell lines and human placentae at different gestational ages. FOS, FOSB, and FOSL1 proteins were robustly increased in trophoblast cells subject to wound-based migration assays as well as Matrigel-based invasion assays. FOS knockdown resulted in cessation of proliferation and an induction of migration and invasion concomitant with robust expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1, MMP3, and MMP10. Conversely, FOSL1 knockdown abrogated trophoblast migration and invasion and inhibited the production of MMP1, MMP3, and MMP10. In human placenta, FOS was expressed in proximal anchoring villi in conjunction with phospho-ERK. FOSL1 was temporally expressed only in the distal-most extravillous trophoblast cells, which represent a migratory cell population. Therefore, FOS and FOSL1 exert opposing effects on trophoblast invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Renaud
- From the Institute of Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
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Heger M, van Golen RF, Broekgaarden M, Michel MC. The molecular basis for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of curcumin and its metabolites in relation to cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 66:222-307. [PMID: 24368738 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the oncopharmacological properties of curcumin at the molecular level. First, the interactions between curcumin and its molecular targets are addressed on the basis of curcumin's distinct chemical properties, which include H-bond donating and accepting capacity of the β-dicarbonyl moiety and the phenylic hydroxyl groups, H-bond accepting capacity of the methoxy ethers, multivalent metal and nonmetal cation binding properties, high partition coefficient, rotamerization around multiple C-C bonds, and the ability to act as a Michael acceptor. Next, the in vitro chemical stability of curcumin is elaborated in the context of its susceptibility to photochemical and chemical modification and degradation (e.g., alkaline hydrolysis). Specific modification and degradatory pathways are provided, which mainly entail radical-based intermediates, and the in vitro catabolites are identified. The implications of curcumin's (photo)chemical instability are addressed in light of pharmaceutical curcumin preparations, the use of curcumin analogues, and implementation of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of curcumin and its most important degradation products are detailed in light of curcumin's poor bioavailability. Particular emphasis is placed on xenobiotic phase I and II metabolism as well as excretion of curcumin in the intestines (first pass), the liver (second pass), and other organs in addition to the pharmacokinetics of curcumin metabolites and their systemic clearance. Lastly, a summary is provided of the clinical pharmacodynamics of curcumin followed by a detailed account of curcumin's direct molecular targets, whereby the phenotypical/biological changes induced in cancer cells upon completion of the curcumin-triggered signaling cascade(s) are addressed in the framework of the hallmarks of cancer. The direct molecular targets include the ErbB family of receptors, protein kinase C, enzymes involved in prostaglandin synthesis, vitamin D receptor, and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Heger
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Díaz Flaqué MC, Galigniana NM, Béguelin W, Vicario R, Proietti CJ, Russo RC, Rivas MA, Tkach M, Guzmán P, Roa JC, Maronna E, Pineda V, Muñoz S, Mercogliano MF, Charreau EH, Yankilevich P, Schillaci R, Elizalde PV. Progesterone receptor assembly of a transcriptional complex along with activator protein 1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and ErbB-2 governs breast cancer growth and predicts response to endocrine therapy. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R118. [PMID: 24345432 PMCID: PMC3978912 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of the progesterone receptor (PR) in breast cancer remains a major clinical challenge. Although PR induces mammary tumor growth, its presence in breast tumors is a marker of good prognosis. We investigated coordinated PR rapid and nonclassical transcriptional effects governing breast cancer growth and endocrine therapy resistance. METHODS We used breast cancer cell lines expressing wild-type and mutant PRs, cells sensitive and resistant to endocrine therapy, a variety of molecular and cellular biology approaches, in vitro proliferation studies and preclinical models to explore PR regulation of cyclin D1 expression, tumor growth, and response to endocrine therapy. We investigated the clinical significance of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and PR interaction in a cohort of 99 PR-positive breast tumors by an immunofluorescence protocol we developed. The prognostic value of AP-1/PR nuclear colocalization in overall survival (OS) was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox model was used to explore said colocalization as an independent prognostic factor for OS. RESULTS We demonstrated that at the cyclin D1 promoter and through coordinated rapid and transcriptional effects, progestin induces the assembly of a transcriptional complex among AP-1, Stat3, PR, and ErbB-2 which functions as an enhanceosome to drive breast cancer growth. Our studies in a cohort of human breast tumors identified PR and AP-1 nuclear interaction as a marker of good prognosis and better OS in patients treated with tamoxifen (Tam), an anti-estrogen receptor therapy. Rationale for this finding was provided by our demonstration that Tam inhibits rapid and genomic PR effects, rendering breast cancer cells sensitive to its antiproliferative effects. CONCLUSIONS We here provided novel insight into the paradox of PR action as well as new tools to identify the subgroup of ER+/PR + patients unlikely to respond to ER-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Díaz Flaqué
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Natalia M Galigniana
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Wendy Béguelin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Rocío Vicario
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Cecilia J Proietti
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Rosalía Cordo Russo
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Martín A Rivas
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Tkach
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | | | - Juan C Roa
- Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Esteban Maronna
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
- Sanatorio Mater Dei, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo H Charreau
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Patricio Yankilevich
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roxana Schillaci
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Patricia V Elizalde
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
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Crawford TQ, Hecht FM, Pilcher CD, Ndhlovu LC, Barbour JD. Activation associated ERK1/2 signaling impairments in CD8+ T cells co-localize with blunted polyclonal and HIV-1 specific effector functions in early untreated HIV-1 infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77412. [PMID: 24143233 PMCID: PMC3797111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently observed that a large proportion of activated (CD38(+)HLA-DR(+)) CD8(+) T cells from recently HIV-1-infected adults are refractory to phosphorylation of ERK1/2 kinases (p-ERK1/2-refractory). Given that the ERK1/2 pathway mediates intracellular signaling critical for multiple T cell functions, including key effector functions, the loss of ERK1/2 responsiveness may have broad consequences for CD8(+) T cell function. In the current study, we hypothesized that the p-ERK1/2-refractory population, localized largely within the activated CD38(+)HLA-DR(+) CD8(+) T cell population, would display impairments in CD8(+) T cell effector functions, such as cytokine production and degranulation, compared to CD8(+) p-ERK1/2-responsive cells. We further hypothesized that the p-ERK1/2-refractory phenotype is persistent over time during untreated infection, and would correlate with poorer virologic control, in a manner independent of CD8(+) T cell activation level. We performed single-cell resolution, flow cytometric assays of phospho-kinase responses paired to intracellular cytokine staining in one assay to examine IFN-γ, perforin and CD107α responses in CD8(+) T cells by ERK1/2 signaling profile. On a per cell basis, p-ERK1/2-refractory cells, which fall predominantly within the activated CD8(+) T cell compartment, produced less IFN-γ in response to polyclonal or HIV-1 antigen-specific stimulation, and expressed lower levels of perforin and CD107α. The p-ERK1/2 refractory cell population displayed minimal overlap with the PD-1 and Tim-3 inhibitory exhaustion markers and predicted high viral load independent of activation, suggesting that ERK1/2 may be a unique marker and point of intervention for improving CD8(+) T cell function. Blunted effector functions, secondary to ERK1/2 signaling deficits concentrated within activated CD8(+) T cells, may contribute to immunodeficiency and underlie the predictive capacity of CD8(+) T cell activation on HIV-1 disease progression. (270/300).
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Q. Crawford
- Hawaii Center for HIV/AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Fredrick M. Hecht
- HIV/AIDS Division, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Pilcher
- HIV/AIDS Division, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu
- Hawaii Center for HIV/AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Jason D. Barbour
- Hawaii Center for HIV/AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
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Yan D, Kc R, Chen D, Xiao G, Im HJ. Bovine lactoferricin-induced anti-inflammation is, in part, via up-regulation of interleukin-11 by secondary activation of STAT3 in human articular cartilage. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:31655-69. [PMID: 24036113 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.440420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine lactoferricin (LfcinB), a multifunctional peptide, was recently demonstrated to be anti-catabolic and anti-inflammatory in human articular cartilage. LfcinB blocks IL-1-mediated proteoglycan depletion, matrix-degrading enzyme expression, and pro-inflammatory mediator induction. LfcinB selectively activates ERK1/2, p38 (but not JNK), and Akt signaling. However, the relationship between these pathways and LfcinB target genes has never been explored. In this study, we uncovered the remarkable ability of LfcinB in the induction of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-11. LfcinB binds to cell surface heparan sulfate to initiate ERK1/2 signaling and activate AP-1 complexes composed of c-Fos and JunD, which transactivate the IL-11 gene. The induced IL-11 functions as an anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective cytokine in articular chondrocytes. Our data show that IL-11 directly attenuates IL-1-mediated catabolic and inflammatory processes ex vivo and in vitro. Moreover, IL-11 activates STAT3 signaling pathway to critically up-regulate TIMP-1 expression, as a consecutive secondary cellular response after IL-11 induction by LfcinB-ERK-AP-1 axis in human adult articular chondrocytes. The pathological relevance of IL-11 signaling to osteoarthritis is evidenced by significant down-regulation of its cognate receptor expression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Together, our results suggest a two-step mechanism, whereby LfcinB induces TIMP-1 through an IL-11-dependent pathway involving transcription factor AP-1 and STAT3.
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Zheng H, Li W, Wang Y, Xie T, Cai Y, Wang Z, Jiang B. miR-23a inhibits E-cadherin expression and is regulated by AP-1 and NFAT4 complex during Fas-induced EMT in gastrointestinal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:173-83. [PMID: 23929433 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fas signaling has been shown to induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to promote gastrointestinal (GI) cancer metastasis, but the involvement of microRNA in this mechanism remains unknown. We found that Fas ligand (FasL) treatment inhibited E-cadherin expression and promoted cell invasion by upregulation of miR-23a, but overexpression of the miR-23a inhibitor could partially block this activity. FasL-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling activated the activator protein 1 (AP-1) complex and repressed glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity, which contributed to nuclear translocation of AP-1 and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT4). Nuclear accumulation and interaction of AP-1 and NFAT4 and subsequent binding to the miR-23a promoter led to increased miR-23a expression. Inhibition of Fas signaling by downregulation of the Fas receptor led to a decrease in miR-23a expression and cell invasion ability in vivo and in vitro, as well as an increase in E-cadherin. Evaluation of human GI precancerous and cancer specimens showed that the expression of FasL and miR-23a increased, whereas the expression of E-cadherin decreased during GI cancer progression. A significant correlation was noted between any two of these three molecules. An EMT phenotype was shown to correlate with an advanced cancer stage and worse prognosis. Taken together, our results show that miR-23a participates in the mechanism of the FasL-induced EMT process and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Induction of p38δ expression plays an essential role in oncogenic ras-induced senescence. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:3780-94. [PMID: 23878395 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00784-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence is a stable proliferative arrest that serves as a tumor-suppressing defense mechanism. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) has been implicated in oncogene-induced senescence and tumor suppression. However, the specific role of each of the four p38 isoforms in oncogene-induced senescence is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that p38δ mediates oncogene-induced senescence through a p53- and p16(INK4A)-independent mechanism. Instead, evidence suggests a link between p38δ and the DNA damage pathways. Moreover, we have discovered a novel mechanism that enhances the expression of p38δ during senescence. In this mechanism, oncogenic ras induces the Raf-1-MEK-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, which, in turn, activates the AP-1 and Ets transcription factors that are bound to the p38δ promoter, leading to increased transcription of p38δ. These findings indicate that induction of the prosenescent function of p38δ by oncogenic ras is achieved through 2 mechanisms, transcriptional activation by the Raf-1-MEK-ERK-AP-1/Ets pathway, which increases the cellular concentration of the p38δ protein, and posttranslational modification by MKK3/6, which stimulates the enzymatic activity of p38δ. In addition, these studies identify the AP-1 and Ets transcription factors as novel signaling components in the senescence-inducing pathway.
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Transcriptional activation of Odf2/Cenexin by cell cycle arrest and the stress activated signaling pathway (JNK pathway). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:1338-46. [PMID: 23458833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The centrosome/basal body protein ODF2/Cenexin is necessary for the formation of the primary cilium. Primary cilia are essential organelles that sense and transduce environmental signals. Primary cilia are therefore critical for embryonic and postnatal development as well as for tissue homeostasis in adulthood. Impaired function of primary cilia causes severe human diseases. ODF2 deficiency prevents formation of the primary cilium and is embryonically lethal. To explore the regulation of primary cilia formation we analyzed the promoter region of Odf2 and its transcriptional activity. In cycling cells, Odf2 transcription is depressed but becomes up-regulated in quiescent cells. Low transcriptional activity is mediated by sequences located upstream from the basal promoter, and neither transcription factors with predicted binding sites in the Odf2 promoter nor Rfx3 or Foxj, which are known to control ciliary gene expression, could activate Odf2 transcription. However, co-expression of either C/EBPα, c-Jun or c-Jun and its regulator MEKK1 enhances Odf2 transcription in cycling cells. Our results provide the first analysis of transcriptional regulation of a ciliary gene. Furthermore, we suggest that transcription of even more ciliary genes is largely inhibited in cycling cells but could be activated by cell cycle arrest and by the stress signaling JNK pathway.
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Khair M, Bourhim M, Barré L, Li D, Netter P, Magdalou J, Fournel-Gigleux S, Ouzzine M. Regulation of xylosyltransferase I gene expression by interleukin 1β in human primary chondrocyte cells: mechanism and impact on proteoglycan synthesis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:1774-84. [PMID: 23223231 PMCID: PMC3548487 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.419887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylosyltransferase I (XT-I) is an essential enzyme of proteoglycan (PG) biosynthesis pathway catalyzing the initial and rate-limiting step in glycosaminoglycan chain assembly. It plays a critical role in the regulation of PG synthesis in cartilage; however, little is known about underlying mechanism. Here, we provide evidence that, in human primary chondrocytes, IL-1β regulates XT-I gene expression into an early phase of induction and a late phase of down-regulation. Based on promoter deletions, the region up to -850 bp was defined as a major element of XT-I gene displaying both constitutive and IL-1β-regulated promoter activity. Point mutation and signaling analyses revealed that IL-1β-induced promoter activity is achieved through AP-1 response elements and mediated by SAP/JNK and p38 signaling pathways. Transactivation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that AP-1 is a potent transactivator of XT-I promoter and that IL-1β-induced activity is mediated through increased recruitment of AP-1 to the promoter. Finally, we show that Sp3 is a repressor of XT-I promoter and bring evidence that the repressive effect of IL-1β during the late phase is mediated through Sp3 recruitment to the promoter. This suggests that modulation of Sp3 in cartilage could prevent IL-1β inhibition of PG synthesis and limit tissue degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Khair
- From the UMR 7561 CNRS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Mustapha Bourhim
- From the UMR 7561 CNRS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Lydia Barré
- From the UMR 7561 CNRS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Dong Li
- From the UMR 7561 CNRS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Netter
- From the UMR 7561 CNRS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jacques Magdalou
- From the UMR 7561 CNRS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Sylvie Fournel-Gigleux
- From the UMR 7561 CNRS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Mohamed Ouzzine
- From the UMR 7561 CNRS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Healy S, Khan P, Davie JR. Immediate early response genes and cell transformation. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 137:64-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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