1
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Cairns CA, Xiao L, Wang JY. Posttranscriptional Regulation of Intestinal Mucosal Growth and Adaptation by Noncoding RNAs in Critical Surgical Disorders. J INVEST SURG 2024; 37:2308809. [PMID: 38323630 PMCID: PMC11027105 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2024.2308809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The human intestinal epithelium has an impressive ability to respond to insults and its homeostasis is maintained by well-regulated mechanisms under various pathophysiological conditions. Nonetheless, acute injury and inhibited regeneration of the intestinal epithelium occur commonly in critically ill surgical patients, leading to the translocation of luminal toxic substances and bacteria to the bloodstream. Effective therapies for the preservation of intestinal epithelial integrity and for the prevention of mucosal hemorrhage and gut barrier dysfunction are limited, primarily because of a poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying mucosal disruption. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which include microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and small vault RNAs (vtRNAs), modulate a wide array of biological functions and have been identified as orchestrators of intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Here, we feature the roles of many important ncRNAs in controlling intestinal mucosal growth, barrier function, and repair after injury-particularly in the context of postoperative recovery from bowel surgery. We review recent literature surrounding the relationships between lncRNAs, microRNAs, and RNA-binding proteins and how their interactions impact cell survival, proliferation, migration, and cell-to-cell interactions in the intestinal epithelium. With advancing knowledge of ncRNA biology and growing recognition of the importance of ncRNAs in maintaining the intestinal epithelial integrity, ncRNAs provide novel therapeutic targets for treatments to preserve the gut epithelium in individuals suffering from critical surgical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra A. Cairns
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Lan Xiao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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2
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Chen H, Xu Z, Zhao H, Cao J, Wang R, He J, Nie R, Jia J, Yuan S, Li Y, Liu Z, Zhang X, Ha L, Xu X, Li T. Global research states and trends of micro RNA in irritable bowel syndrome: a bibliometric analysis. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:149. [PMID: 38967892 PMCID: PMC11226481 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic gastrointestinal disorder, but its diagnosis and treatment remain obscure. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), as potential biomarkers, have attracted increasing attention in digestive diseases. Here, we present a comprehensive research status, development trends, and valuable insights in this subject area. The literature search was performed using Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer 1.6.20, Citespace 6.2.R4, and Microsoft Excel 2021 were used for bibliometric analysis. A total of 124 articles were included in the analysis. Overall, publication patterns fluctuated. Globally, People's Republic of China, the USA, and Germany were the top three contributors of publications. Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University of California, Mayo Clinic, and University of California, Los Angeles contributed the highest number of publications. The pathways and specific mechanisms by which ncRNAs regulate transcription and translation and thus regulate the pathophysiological processes of IBS are the main research hotspots in this field. We found that microRNA (miRNAs) are intricately involved in the regulation of key pathologies such as viscera sensitivity, intestinal permeability, intestinal mucosal barrier, immunoinflammatory response, and brain-gut axis in the IBS, and these topics have garnered significant attention in research community. Notably, microecological disorders are also associated with IBS pathogenesis, and ncRNA may play an important role in the interactions between host and intestinal flora. This is the first bibliometric study to comprehensively summarize the research hotspots and trends related to IBS and ncRNAs (especially miRNAs). Our findings will help understand the role of ncRNAs in IBS and provide guidance to future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiu Chen
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West District, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West District, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Honggang Zhao
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, 528 Xinsha Road, Shajing Street, Baoan District, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhen Cao
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West District, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Nie
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Jia
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Yuan
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Li
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West District, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Ha
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoru Xu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tie Li
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, 130117, People's Republic of China.
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JohnBritto JS, Di Ciaula A, Noto A, Cassano V, Sciacqua A, Khalil M, Portincasa P, Bonfrate L. Gender-specific insights into the irritable bowel syndrome pathophysiology. Focus on gut dysbiosis and permeability. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 125:10-18. [PMID: 38467533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder involving the brain-gut interaction. IBS is characterized by persistent abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. IBS exerts significant impacts on quality of life and imposes huge economic costs. Global epidemiological data reveal variations in IBS prevalence, both globally and between genders, necessitating comprehensive studies to uncover potential societal and cultural influences. While the exact pathophysiology of IBS remains incompletely understood, the mechanism involves a dysregulation of the brain-gut axis, leading to disturbed intestinal motility, local inflammation, altered intestinal permeability, visceral sensitivity, and gut microbiota composition. We reviewed several gender-related pathophysiological aspects of IBS pathophysiology, by focusing on gut dysbiosis and intestinal permeability. This perspective paves the way to personalized and multidimensional clinical management of individuals with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerlin Stephy JohnBritto
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonino Noto
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Velia Cassano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Zhang Z, Gu Q, Chen L, Yuan D, Gu X, Qian H, Xie P, Liu Q, Hu Z. Selective microRNA expression of exosomes from retinal pigment epithelial cells by oxidative stress. Vision Res 2024; 220:108388. [PMID: 38593635 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The function of exosomal miRNAs (miRs) in retinal degeneration is largely unclear. We were aimed to investigate the functions of exosomes as well as their miRs derived from retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells following exposure to oxidative stress (OS). After the OS by lipopolysaccharide and rotenone on RPE cells, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) were upregulated, along with the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulated oxidative damage marker 8-OH-dG in RPE cells. RPE-derived exosomes were then isolated, identified, injected into the subretinal space in mice. After subretinal injection, RPE-exosomes after OS not only induced higher ROS level and apoptotic retinal cells, but also elevated IL-1β, IL-6 alongside TNF-α expressions among retina/RPE/choroidal complex. Next, miRs inside the exosomes were sequenced by the next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. NGS revealed that certain miRs were abundant in exosomes, while others were selectively kept by RPE cells. Further, downregulated miRs, like miR-125b-5p, miR-125a-5p, alongside miR-128-3p, and upregulated miR, such as miR-7-5p were validated byRT-qPCR. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were used to find the possible target genes of those selective exosomal miRs. Our results proved that the RPE-derived exosomes after OS selectively express certain miRs, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University. Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Qinyuan Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University. Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Dongqing Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xunyi Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Huiming Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Qinghuai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| | - Zizhong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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5
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Camilleri M, Jencks K. Pharmacogenetics in IBS: update and impact of GWAS studies in drug targets and metabolism. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:319-332. [PMID: 38785066 PMCID: PMC11139426 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2349716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medications are frequently prescribed for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or disorders of gut brain interaction. The level of drug metabolism and modifications in drug targets determine medication efficacy to modify motor or sensory function as well as patient response outcomes. AREAS COVERED The literature search included PubMed searches with the terms: pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenomics, epigenetics, clinical trials, irritable bowel syndrome, disorders of gut brain interaction, and genome-wide association studies. The main topics covered in relation to irritable bowel syndrome were precision medicine, pharmacogenomics related to drug metabolism, pharmacogenomics related to mechanistic targets, and epigenetics. EXPERT OPINION Pharmacogenomics impacting drug metabolism [CYP 2D6 (cytochrome P450 2D6) or 2C19 (cytochrome P450 2C19)] is the most practical approach to precision medicine in the treatment of IBS. Although there are proof of concept studies that have documented the importance of genetic modification of transmitters or receptors in altering responses to medications in IBS, these principles have rarely been applied in patient response outcomes. Genome-wide association (GWAS) studies have now documented the association of symptoms with genetic variation but not the evaluation of treatment responses. Considerably more research, particularly focused on patient response outcomes and epigenetics, is essential to impact this field in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Camilleri
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kara Jencks
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Su Y, Long Y, Xie K. Cingulin family: Structure, function and clinical significance. Life Sci 2024; 341:122504. [PMID: 38354973 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cingulin and its paralog paracingulin are vital components of the apical junctional complex in vertebrate epithelial and endothelial cells. They are both found in tight junctions (TJ), and paracingulin is also detectable in adherens junctions (AJ) as TJ cytoplasmic plaque proteins. Cingulin and paracingulin interact with other proteins to perform functions. They interact with cytoskeletal proteins, modulate the activity of small GTPases, such as RhoA and Rac1, and regulate gene expression. In addition, cingulin and paracingulin regulate barrier function and many pathological processes, including inflammation and tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the discovery and structure, expression and subcellular distribution, and molecular interactions of cingulin family proteins and discuss their role in development, physiology, and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Su
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - You Long
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Keping Xie
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital and Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangdong 510006, China; The South China University of Technology Comprehensive Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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7
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Zhang X, Shi L, Chen C, Ma Y, Ma Y. The role of miRNA in IBS pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy: The latest thought. Dig Liver Dis 2024:S1590-8658(24)00255-X. [PMID: 38342744 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2024.01.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
IBS is a prevalent clinical condition affecting bowel function. There is a restricted comprehension of its pathogenesis, an absence of particular diagnostic tools, and an insufficiency of efficient pharmacological remedies. MiRNAs are a highly conserved class of non-coding small molecule RNAs, with a length of 20-24 nucleotides. Research has shown the presence of a number of differentially expressed miRNAs in the colonic tissue and peripheral blood of IBS patients. Meanwhile, miRNAs have a critical role in gene expression and the pathology of IBS as they act as significant mediators of post-transcriptional gene silencing. The investigation of miRNA molecular regulatory networks proves useful in examining the convoluted pathogenesis of IBS. This paper presents a review of recent literature on miRNAs associated with IBS, explains how miRNAs contribute to the development of IBS, and assesses the potential usefulness of miRNA analysis for diagnosing and treating IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuning Ma
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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8
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Huang Z, Cao M, Fan H, Sun Y, Lan T, Ma J, Li Q. Porcine delta coronavirus inhibits NHE3 activity of porcine intestinal epithelial cells through miR-361-3p/NHE3 regulatory axis. Vet Microbiol 2024; 289:109916. [PMID: 38159369 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) infection in piglets can cause small intestinal epithelial necrosis and atrophic enteritis, which leads to severe damages to host cells, and result in diarrhea. In this study, we investigated the relationship between miR-361, SLC9A3(Solute carrier family 9, subfamily A, member 3), and NHE3(sodium-hydrogen exchanger member 3) in in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPI-2I) cells after PDCoV infection. Our results showed that the ssc-miR-361-3p expression inhibits the mRNA level of SLC9A3 gene which lead to the descending of NHE3 protein expression, and the NHE3 activity was suppressed. NHE3 activity was suppressed via down-regulation expression of SLC9A3 mRNA by transfection with siRNA. Ssc-miR-361-3p mimics and inhibitors were used to change the expression of ssc-miR-361-3p in IPI-2I cells. Ssc-miR-361-3p overexpression reduced the mRNA level of SLC9A3 gene, the level of NHE3 protein expression and NHE3 activity in IPI-2I cells, while ssc-miR-361-3p inhibits NHE3. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assay showed that SLC9A3 gene was a direct target of ssc-miR-361-3p. Ssc-miR-361-3p inhibition restored NHE3 activity in PDCoV infected IPI-2I cells by up-regulating SLC9A3 mRNA expression and NHE3 protein expression. These results demonstrate that the PDCoV infection can inhibit NHE3 activity through miR-361-3p/SLC9A3 regulatory axis. The relevant research is reported for the first time in PDCoV, which has significance in exploring the pathogenic mechanism of PDCoV and can provide a theoretical basis for its prevention and control. suggesting that NHE3 and ssc-miR-361-3p may be potential therapeutic targets for diarrhea in infected piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mengjing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Haoqian Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tian Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jingyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Qianniu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Zhu J, Wang J, Liu H, Lei T, Yang J, Lan S, Jian H, Fang H, Zhang Y, Ren K, Zhong F. Crosstalk of cuproptosis-related prognostic signature and competing endogenous RNAs regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:13901-13919. [PMID: 38078880 PMCID: PMC10756090 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cuproptosis is a new type of programmed cell death involved in the regulation of neuroendocrine tumors, immune microenvironment, and substance metabolism. However, the role of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. METHOD Through multiple bioinformatics analysis, we constructed a prognostic gene model and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. The correlation between CRGs and prognosis, immune infiltration, immune checkpoints, microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curve, univariate Cox, multivariate regression, and Spearman's analysis in HCC patients. Besides, the qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry assays were used to determine prognostic CRGs mRNA and protein expression in HCC. RESULTS We established a novel 3-gene signature related to CRGs for evaluating the prognosis of HCC patients. HCC patients with high risk scores had a poor prognosis with an area under the curve of 0.737, 0.646, and 0.634 on 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year receiver operating characteristic curves. Significant correlation was observed between prognostic CRGs and immune infiltration, immune checkpoints, MSI and TMB. We also developed five ceRNA networks to regulate the occurrence and progression of HCC. CDKN2A, DLAT, and PDHA1 protein expression was up-regulated in HCC versus normal tissues. Besides, the mRNA expression levels of CDKN2A, DLAT, GLS, and PDHA1 were elevated in the HCC cell lines compared to the normal liver cell lines. CONCLUSIONS This novel prognostic CRGs signature could be accurately predict the prognosis of patients with HCC. The ceRNA regulatory network might be potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Guoyang County People’s Hospital, Guoyang Branch of Anhui Provincial Hospital, Guoyang 233607, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Jingyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Tong Lei
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiankang Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
| | - Sheng Lan
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510030, Guangdong, China
| | - Haokun Jian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Hanlu Fang
- Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Kuiwu Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuyang People’s Hospital, Fuyang 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang 236000, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui, China
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10
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Olyaiee A, Yadegar A, Mirsamadi ES, Sadeghi A, Mirjalali H. Profiling of the fecal microbiota and circulating microRNA-16 in IBS subjects with Blastocystis infection : a case-control study. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:483. [PMID: 37932792 PMCID: PMC10626746 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal (GI) tract disorder. Although the main reason for IBS is not clear, the interaction between intestinal microorganisms and the gut barrier seems to play an important role in pathogenesis of IBS. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of Blastocystis on the gut microbiota profile and the circulation levels of microRNA (mir)-16 of IBS patients compared to healthy subjects. Stool and blood samples were collected from 80 participants including 40 samples from each IBS and healthy group. Upon DNA extraction from stool samples, barcoding region and quantitative real-time PCR were analyzed to investigate Blastocystis and the microbiota profile, respectively. RNA was extracted from serum samples of included subjects and the expression of mir-16 was evaluated using stem-loop protocol and qreal-time PCR. Significant changes between IBS patients and healthy controls was observed in Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Faecalibacterium, and Alistipes. In IBS patients, the relative abundance of Bifidobacteria was directly correlated with the presence of Blastocystis, while Alistipes was decreased with Blastocystis. Lactobacillus was significantly increased in Blastocystis carriers. In healthy subjects, the relative abundance of Bifidobacteria was decreased, but Alistipes was increased in Blastocystis carriers. The changes in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was not significant in different groups. The relative expression of mir-16 in Blastocystis-negative IBS patients and healthy carriers was significantly overexpressed compared to control group. The presence of Blastocystis, decreased the relative expression of mir-16 in IBS patients compared to Blastocystis-negative IBS patients. The present study revealed that Blastocystis has the ability to change the abundance of some phyla/genera of bacteria in IBS and healthy subjects. Moreover, Blastocystis seems to modulate the relative expression of microRNAs to control the gut atmosphere, apply its pathogenicity, and provide a favor niche for its colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Olyaiee
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Sadat Mirsamadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Ran Y, Wu K, Hu C, Liang R, Zhang L, Xiao J, Peng Y, Sun W. Downregulated APOD and FCGR2A correlates with immune infiltration and lipid-induced symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14211. [PMID: 37648784 PMCID: PMC10469184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat intake is among the most significant triggers for symptom development in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Nevertheless, long-term restriction in fatty foods ingestion may lead to nutritional inadequacies. This study aimed to identify the crucial genes involved in lipid-induced gastrointestinal symptoms, contributing to helping IBS patients regulate fat. The clinical characteristics of the subjects were collected by questionnaire investigation and analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) and signaling pathways were analyzed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. ImmuInfiltration and CIBERSORT packages evaluated small intestine immune cell infiltration. Random forest and SVM-RFE algorithms were used to select hub genes. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to access the diagnostic significance of each hub gene. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify hub genes' molecular processes in IBS development after lipid infusion. IBS patients' risk, severity, and quality of life increased with fat intake. In total, 116 robust DEGs were identified in IBS patients after lipid infusion using the GSE166869 dataset and were mainly clustered in the immune and inflammatory pathways. IBS patients had greater Neutrophils, CD4+ T cells, and M1 Macrophages than healthy controls. Furthermore, infiltration levels of Neutrophils and resting memory CD4+ T cells were inversely related to the expression of hub genes (IGKV1D-43, IGKV1-12, APOD, FCGR2A and IGKV2-29). After lipid infusion, GSEA results of each hub gene indicated the relevance of proinflammatory pathways in IBS pathogenesis. After verification, only APOD and FCGR2A were stably downregulated in small intestinal mucosa and plasma of IBS patients. The area under the curve of APOD combined with FCGR2A expression was 0.9. APOD and FCGR2A may be promising biomarkers for IBS diagnosis and lipid-sensitive IBS patients. Their potential roles in the immune microenvironment of the small intestinal mucosa may provide a vital clue to IBS precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Ran
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thirteenth People's Hospital of Chongqing (Chongqing Geriatric Hospital), Chongqing, 400053, China
| | - Kangqi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thirteenth People's Hospital of Chongqing (Chongqing Geriatric Hospital), Chongqing, 400053, China
| | - Chenglin Hu
- Department of Standardization Training Management, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Renzheng Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thirteenth People's Hospital of Chongqing (Chongqing Geriatric Hospital), Chongqing, 400053, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thirteenth People's Hospital of Chongqing (Chongqing Geriatric Hospital), Chongqing, 400053, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thirteenth People's Hospital of Chongqing (Chongqing Geriatric Hospital), Chongqing, 400053, China
| | - Yongmei Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thirteenth People's Hospital of Chongqing (Chongqing Geriatric Hospital), Chongqing, 400053, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thirteenth People's Hospital of Chongqing (Chongqing Geriatric Hospital), Chongqing, 400053, China.
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12
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Dothel G, Barbaro MR, Di Vito A, Ravegnini G, Gorini F, Monesmith S, Coschina E, Benuzzi E, Fuschi D, Palombo M, Bonomini F, Morroni F, Hrelia P, Barbara G, Angelini S. New insights into irritable bowel syndrome pathophysiological mechanisms: contribution of epigenetics. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:605-621. [PMID: 37160449 PMCID: PMC10307698 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-01997-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex multifactorial condition including alterations of the gut-brain axis, intestinal permeability, mucosal neuro-immune interactions, and microbiota imbalance. Recent advances proposed epigenetic factors as possible regulators of several mechanisms involved in IBS pathophysiology. These epigenetic factors include biomolecular mechanisms inducing chromosome-related and heritable changes in gene expression regardless of DNA coding sequence. Accordingly, altered gut microbiota may increase the production of metabolites such as sodium butyrate, a prominent inhibitor of histone deacetylases. Patients with IBS showed an increased amount of butyrate-producing microbial phila as well as an altered profile of methylated genes and micro-RNAs (miRNAs). Importantly, gene acetylation as well as specific miRNA profiles are involved in different IBS mechanisms and may be applied for future diagnostic purposes, especially to detect increased gut permeability and visceromotor dysfunctions. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the role of epigenetics in IBS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Dothel
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Connect By Circular Lab SRL, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Aldo Di Vito
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sarah Monesmith
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emma Coschina
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eva Benuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Fuschi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Palombo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Bonomini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabiana Morroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Barbara
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Angelini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Inter-Departmental Center for Health Sciences & Technologies, CIRI-SDV, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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13
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Alemany S, Soler-Artigas M, Cabana-Domínguez J, Fakhreddine D, Llonga N, Vilar-Ribó L, Rodríguez-Urrutia A, Palacio J, González-Castro AM, Lobo B, Alonso-Cotoner C, Simrén M, Santos J, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Ribasés M. Genome-wide multi-trait analysis of irritable bowel syndrome and related mental conditions identifies 38 new independent variants. J Transl Med 2023; 21:272. [PMID: 37085903 PMCID: PMC10120121 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disorder of gut-brain interaction frequently accompanied by mental conditions, including depression and anxiety. Despite showing substantial heritability and being partly determined by a genetic component, the genetic underpinnings explaining the high rates of comorbidity remain largely unclear and there are no conclusive data on the temporal relationship between them. Exploring the overlapping genetic architecture between IBS and mental conditions may help to identify novel genetic loci and biological mechanisms underlying IBS and causal relationships between them. METHODS We quantified the genetic overlap between IBS, neuroticism, depression and anxiety, conducted a multi-trait genome-wide association study (GWAS) considering these traits and investigated causal relationships between them by using the largest GWAS to date. RESULTS IBS showed to be a highly polygenic disorder with extensive genetic sharing with mental conditions. Multi-trait analysis of IBS and neuroticism, depression and anxiety identified 42 genome-wide significant variants for IBS, of which 38 are novel. Fine-mapping risk loci highlighted 289 genes enriched in genes upregulated during early embryonic brain development and gene-sets related with psychiatric, digestive and autoimmune disorders. IBS-associated genes were enriched for target genes of anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic drugs, anesthetics and opioid dependence pharmacological treatment. Mendelian-randomization analysis accounting for correlated pleiotropy identified bidirectional causal effects between IBS and neuroticism and depression and causal effects of the genetic liability of IBS on anxiety. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence of the polygenic architecture of IBS, identify novel genome-wide significant variants for IBS and extend previous knowledge on the genetic overlap and relationship between gastrointestinal and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alemany
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Network Research Centre On Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Soler-Artigas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre On Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Cabana-Domínguez
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre On Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dana Fakhreddine
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Llonga
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Vilar-Ribó
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre On Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amanda Rodríguez-Urrutia
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre On Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Palacio
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana María González-Castro
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Lobo
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Alonso-Cotoner
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Javier Santos
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre On Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Network Research Centre On Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Lu Y, Chai Y, Qiu J, Zhang J, Wu M, Fu Z, Wang Y, Qin C. Integrated omics analysis reveals the epigenetic mechanism of visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1062630. [PMID: 37007011 PMCID: PMC10064328 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1062630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: IBS-D is a common functional bowel disease with complex etiology and without biomarker. The pathological and physiological basis of IBS-D focuses on visceral hypersensitivity. However, its epigenetic mechanism remains elusive. Our study aimed to integrate the relationship between differentially expressed miRNAs, mRNAs and proteins in IBS-D patients in order to reveal epigenetic mechanism of visceral hypersensitivity from transcription and protein levels and provide the molecular basis for discovering biomarkers of IBS-D.Methods: The intestinal biopsies from IBS-D patients and healthy volunteers were obtained for high-throughput sequencing of miRNAs and mRNAs. The differential miRNAs were selected and verified by q-PCR experiment followed by target mRNA prediction. Biological functions were respectively analyzed for target mRNAs, differential mRNAs and the previously identified differential proteins in order to explore the characteristic involved visceral hypersensitivity. At last, interaction analysis of miRNAs, mRNAs and proteins was performed for the epigenetic regulation mechanism from transcription and protein levels.Results: Thirty-three miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in IBS-D and five of them were further confirmed, including upregulated hsa-miR-641, hsa-miR-1843, hsa-let-7d-3p and downregulated hsa-miR-219a-5p, hsa-miR-19b-1-5p. In addition, 3,812 differential mRNAs were identified. Thirty intersecting molecules were found from the analysis on the target mRNAs of miRNAs and mRNAs. Fourteen intersecting molecules were obtained from the analysis on the target mRNAs and proteins, and thirty-six intersecting molecules were identified from analysis on the proteins and different mRNAs. According to the integrated analysis of miRNA-mRNA-protein, we noticed two new molecules COPS2 regulated by hsa-miR-19b-1-5p and MARCKS regulated by hsa-miR-641. Meanwhile some critical signaling pathways in IBS-D were found such as MAPK, GABAergic synapse, Glutamatergic synapse, and Adherens junction.Conclusion: The expressions of hsa-miR-641, hsa-miR-1843, hsa-let-7d-3p, hsa-miR-219a-5p, and hsa-miR-19b-1-5p in the intestinal tissues of IBS-D patients were significantly different. Moreover, they could regulate a variety of molecules and signaling pathways, which were involved in the multifaceted and multilevel mechanism of visceral hypersensitivity of IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuna Chai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Yuna Chai, ; Yongfu Wang, ; Chongzhen Qin,
| | - Jianli Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingmin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Menglin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhe Fu
- Department of General Pediatric Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongfu Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Yuna Chai, ; Yongfu Wang, ; Chongzhen Qin,
| | - Chongzhen Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Yuna Chai, ; Yongfu Wang, ; Chongzhen Qin,
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Wu X, Lin W, Liu Z, Huang Y, Chen Y, Tang Y, Chen A, Lin C. Spinal CircKcnk9 Regulates Chronic Visceral Hypersensitivity of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:463-477. [PMID: 36257575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has been reported to be functionally associated with chronic pain, but it is unknown whether and how circRNAs participate in visceral hypersensitivity. The expression of circKcnk9 was increased in spinal neurons of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like rats. ShcircKcnk9 attenuated visceral hypersensitivity and inhibited c-Fos expression in IBS-like rats, whereas overexpression of spinal circKcnk9 induced visceral hypersensitivity and increased c-Fos expression in control rats. Furthermore, circKcnk9 was found to act as a miR-124-3p sponge. MiR-124-3p antagomir restored pain responses downregulated by shcircKcnk9 in IBS-like rats. Finally, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), validated as a target of miR-124-3p, could play a critical role in visceral hypersensitivity by regulating NSF/GluR2. PERSPECTIVE: Spinal circKcnk9 functions as a miR-124-3p sponge to promote visceral hypersensitivity by regulating the STAT3/NSF/GluR2 pathway. This pathway might provide a novel epigenetic mechanism of visceral hypersensitivity and a potential circRNA therapeutic target for IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Chen
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xianhe Wu
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Aiqin Chen
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chun Lin
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China..
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16
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Guo JG, Rao YF, Jiang J, Li X, Zhu SM. MicroRNA-155-5p inhibition alleviates irritable bowel syndrome by increasing claudin-1 and ZO-1 expression. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:34. [PMID: 36819593 PMCID: PMC9929797 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-4859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disease. Emerging studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are commonly dysregulated in patients with IBS, and aberrant miRNAs are implicated in IBS occurrence. Although miR-155-5p participates in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and intestinal barrier dysfunction, the role of miR-155-5p in IBS is unclear. Methods In the present study, colon samples were obtained from IBS patients and IBS mice induced by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS), and the levels of miR-155-5p, claudin-1 (CLDN1), and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis. The regulatory role of miR-155-5p in CLDN1 and ZO-1 expression was validated using dual luciferase reporter assay. Results We found that miR-155-5p levels were upregulated in colon samples of IBS patients and mice compared with healthy subjects and normal mice, respectively. Meanwhile, the levels of CLDN1 and ZO-1 were decreased in colon samples of IBS patients and mice. Importantly, forced expression of miR-155-5p inhibited CLDN1 and ZO-1 expression. In IBS mice, intraperitoneal injection with miR-155-5p inhibitor increased CLDN1 and ZO-1 expression in intestinal mucosal epithelium, enhanced visceral response thresholds, and decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Conclusions In summary, these results suggested that miR-155-5p participated in the pathogenesis of IBS, at least in part by inhibiting CLDN1 and ZO-1 expression, indicating that miR-155-5p may be a potential therapeutic target for IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Guo
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Feng Rao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Hangzhou Dunen Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Mei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Functional Implications and Clinical Potential of MicroRNAs in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Concise Review. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:38-53. [PMID: 35507132 PMCID: PMC9066399 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny (20-24 nucleotides long), non-coding, highly conserved RNA molecules that play a crucial role within the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via sequence-specific mechanisms. Since the miRNA transcriptome is involved in multiple molecular processes needed for cellular homeostasis, its altered expression can trigger the development and progression of several human pathologies. In this context, over the last few years, several relevant studies have demonstrated that dysregulated miRNAs affect a wide range of molecular mechanisms associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common gastrointestinal disorder. For instance, abnormal miRNA expression in IBS patients is related to the alteration of intestinal permeability, visceral hyperalgesia, inflammatory pathways, and pain sensitivity. Besides, specific miRNAs are differentially expressed in the different subtypes of IBS, and therefore, they might be used as biomarkers for precise diagnosis of these pathological conditions. Accordingly, miRNAs have noteworthy potential as theragnostic targets for IBS. Hence, in this current review, we present an overview of the recent discoveries regarding the clinical relevance of miRNAs in IBS, which might be useful in the future for the development of miRNA-based drugs against this disorder.
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Paeoniflorin alleviates inflammatory response in IBS-D mouse model via downregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway with involvement of miR-29a. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12312. [PMID: 36590561 PMCID: PMC9800317 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin has been traditionally used to treat pain and immunologic derangement in China. However, its detailed mechanism remains to be illuminated. We investigated the mechanism by which paeoniflorin alleviates the inflammatory response in a mouse model of irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D). C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and miR-29a knockout (KO) mice were randomly divided into control, model, rifaximin, and paeoniflorin groups (n = 7). IBS-D model was induced by single intracolonic instillation of 0.1 mL trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS, 50 mg/mL) combined with restraint stress for seven consecutive days. The treatment groups received rifaximin (100 mg/kg) and paeoniflorin (50 mg/kg) via intragastric administration for seven days, respectively. The results showed that the fecal water content, fecal pellet output, visceral sensitivity, and histopathological score after paeoniflorin treatment were lower than those of the model group in both WT and miR-29a KO mice (P < 0.05). In both lineage mice, damage was observed in the colon tissues of model group, while paeoniflorin treatment partially ameliorated the tissue damage. Serum levels of DAO, DLA, IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, and MPO were decreased after paeoniflorin treatment (P < 0.05), with miR-29a KO mice in a lower level compared with that of WT mice. RT-PCR showed that the relative expression of miR-29a, NF-κB (p65), NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and TNF-α was downregulated while NKRF was upregulated after paeoniflorin treatment (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that intestinal epithelial protein levels of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 decreased while those of Claudin-1 and ZO-1 increased in the paeoniflorin treatment group (P < 0.05). In general, compared with WT mice, NLRP3 inflammasome pathway targets was in much lower expression level than miR-29a KO mice. In conclusion, paeoniflorin could inhibit abnormal activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by inhibiting miR-29a in IBS-D, thereby relieving the inflammatory response of the intestinal mucosa and reconstructing the intestinal epithelial barrier.
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Hossain MU, Ferdous N, Reza MN, Ahammad I, Tiernan Z, Wang Y, O’Hanlon F, Wu Z, Sarker S, Mohiuddin AKM, Das KC, Keya CA, Salimullah M. Pathogen-driven gene expression patterns lead to a novel approach to the identification of common therapeutic targets. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21070. [PMID: 36473896 PMCID: PMC9726901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing a common medication strategy for disease control and management could be greatly beneficial. Investigating the differences between diseased and healthy states using differentially expressed genes aids in understanding disease pathophysiology and enables the exploration of protein-drug interactions. This study aimed to find the most common genes in diarrhea-causing bacteria such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae (CESS) to find new drugs. Thus, differential gene expression datasets of CESS were screened through computational algorithms and programming. Subsequently, hub and common genes were prioritized from the analysis of extensive protein-protein interactions. Binding predictions were performed to identify the common potential therapeutic targets of CESS. We identified a total of 827 dysregulated genes that are highly linked to CESS. Notably, no common gene interaction was found among all CESS bacteria, but we identified 3 common genes in both Salmonella-Escherichia and Escherichia-Campylobacter infections. Later, out of 73 protein complexes, molecular simulations confirmed 5 therapeutic candidates from the CESS. We have developed a new pipeline for identifying therapeutic targets for a common medication strategy against CESS. However, further wet-lab validation is needed to confirm their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Uzzal Hossain
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13QT UK ,Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349 Bangladesh
| | - Nadim Ferdous
- grid.443019.b0000 0004 0479 1356Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902 Bangladesh
| | - Mahjerin Nasrin Reza
- grid.443019.b0000 0004 0479 1356Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902 Bangladesh
| | - Ishtiaque Ahammad
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349 Bangladesh
| | - Zachary Tiernan
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13QT UK
| | - Yi Wang
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13QT UK
| | - Fergus O’Hanlon
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG UK
| | - Zijia Wu
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG UK
| | - Shishir Sarker
- grid.443016.40000 0004 4684 0582Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100 Bangladesh
| | - A. K. M. Mohiuddin
- grid.443019.b0000 0004 0479 1356Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902 Bangladesh
| | - Keshob Chandra Das
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349 Bangladesh
| | - Chaman Ara Keya
- grid.443020.10000 0001 2295 3329Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Salimullah
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349 Bangladesh
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Bootz-Maoz H, Pearl A, Melzer E, Malnick S, Sharon E, Bennet Y, Tsentsarevsky R, Abuchatzera S, Amidror S, Aretz E, Azriel S, Gam Ze Letova C, Naama M, Shoval I, Yaron O, Karako-Lampert S, Bel S, Yissachar N. Diet-induced modifications to human microbiome reshape colonic homeostasis in irritable bowel syndrome. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Dhuppar S, Murugaiyan G. miRNA effects on gut homeostasis: therapeutic implications for inflammatory bowel disease. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:917-931. [PMID: 36220689 PMCID: PMC9617792 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) spans a range of chronic conditions affecting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which are marked by intermittent flare-ups and remissions. IBD results from microbial dysbiosis or a defective mucosal barrier in the gut that triggers an inappropriate immune response in a genetically susceptible person, altering the immune-microbiome axis. In this review, we discuss the regulatory roles of miRNAs, small noncoding RNAs with gene regulatory functions, in the stability and maintenance of the gut immune-microbiome axis, and detail the challenges and recent advances in the use of miRNAs as putative therapeutic agents for treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivnarayan Dhuppar
- Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Current address: Centre for Business Innovation, The Indian School of Business, Hyderabad 500111, India
| | - Gopal Murugaiyan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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MicroRNA-16 inhibits the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and maintains tight junction integrity in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102461. [PMID: 36067883 PMCID: PMC9647533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder in which pathogenesis has been shown to be in part the result of miRNA-mediated signaling. Here, we investigated the alleviatory role of miR-16 in IBS-D. First, we established an IBS-D mouse model using colonic instillation of acetic acid and developed an IBS-D cell model using lipopolysaccharide exposure. The experimental data demonstrated that miR-16 was underexpressed in the serum of IBS-D patients, as well as in the colorectal tissues of IBS-D mouse models and lipopolysaccharide-exposed intestinal epithelial cells. Next, miR-16 and TLR4 were overexpressed or inhibited to characterize their roles in the viability and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, inflammation, and epithelial tight junction. We found that miR-16 overexpression increased the viability of intestinal epithelial cells, maintained tight junction integrity, and inhibited cell apoptosis and inflammation. We showed that miR-16 targeted TLR4 and inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Additionally, inhibition of NF-κB suppressed the long noncoding RNA XIST, thereby promoting enterocyte viability, inhibiting apoptosis and cytokine production, and maintaining tight junction integrity. In vivo experiments further verified the alleviatory effect of miR-16 on IBS-D symptoms in mice. Taken together, we conclude that miR-16 downregulates XIST through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, thereby relieving IBS-D. This study suggests that miR-16 may represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention against IBS-D.
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Hyaluronic Acid Modified Nanostructured Lipid Carrier for Targeting Delivery of Kaempferol to NSCLC: Preparation, Optimization, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation In Vitro. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144553. [PMID: 35889427 PMCID: PMC9318624 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer seriously threatens the health of human beings, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 80%. Nowadays, the potential position of nano-delivery in treating cancer has been the subject of continuous research. The present research aimed to prepare two molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified kaempferol (KA)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (HA-KA-NLCs) by the method of melting ultrasonic and electrostatic adsorption, and to assess the antitumor effect of the preparations on A549 cells. The characterization and safety evaluation of the preparations illustrated that they are acceptable for drug delivery for cancer. Subsequently, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicated that the drug was adequately incorporated in the carrier, and the particle appeared as a sphere. Moreover, HA-KA-NLC showed predominant in vitro antitumor effects, inhibiting proliferation, migration, and invasion, promoting apoptosis and increasing cellular uptake of A549 cells. Otherwise, the Western blot assay revealed that preparations could activate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related signaling pathways and modulate the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin in A549 cells. Our present findings demonstrated that HA-KA-NLC could be considered as a secure and effective carrier for targeted tumor delivery and may have potential application prospects in future clinic therapy of NSCLC.
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Mucosal Plasma Cell Activation and Proximity to Nerve Fibres Are Associated with Glycocalyx Reduction in Diarrhoea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Jejunal Barrier Alterations Underlying Clinical Manifestations. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132046. [PMID: 35805133 PMCID: PMC9265332 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of brain-gut interaction characterised by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. In the diarrhoea subtype (IBS-D), altered epithelial barrier and mucosal immune activation are associated with clinical manifestations. We aimed to further evaluate plasma cells and epithelial integrity to gain understanding of IBS-D pathophysiology. One mucosal jejunal biopsy and one stool sample were obtained from healthy controls and IBS-D patients. Gastrointestinal symptoms, stress, and depression scores were recorded. In the jejunal mucosa, RNAseq and gene set enrichment analyses were performed. A morphometric analysis by electron microscopy quantified plasma cell activation and proximity to enteric nerves and glycocalyx thickness. Immunoglobulins concentration was assessed in the stool. IBS-D patients showed differential expression of humoral pathways compared to controls. Activation and proximity of plasma cells to nerves and IgG concentration were also higher in IBS-D. Glycocalyx thickness was lower in IBS-D compared to controls, and this reduction correlated with plasma cell activation, proximity to nerves, and clinical symptoms. These results support humoral activity and loss of epithelial integrity as important contributors to gut dysfunction and clinical manifestations in IBS-D. Additional studies are needed to identify the triggers of these alterations to better define IBS-D pathophysiology.
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MSC Promotes the Secretion of Exosomal miR-34a-5p and Improve Intestinal Barrier Function Through METTL3-Mediated Pre-miR-34A m 6A Modification. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5222-5235. [PMID: 35687301 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (IIRI) is associated with high prevalence and mortality rate. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy attracted more attentions. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of MSC-derived exosomal miRNAs during IIRI remain largely uninvestigated. The in vitro and in vivo IIRI models were established. MSC were characterized by immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry. Purified exosomes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), flow cytometry, and western blot. The expression of key molecules was detected by western blot and qRT-PCR. CCK-8, TUNEL, and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) assays were employed to assess cell viability, apoptosis, and intestinal integrity, respectively. Pre-miR-34A m6 modification was evaluated by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP)-qPCR. RNA pull-down and RIP were used to validate the direct association between pre-miR-34A and IGF2BP3. MSC-derived exosomal miR-34a-5p alleviated OGD/R-induced injury. In addition, MSC ameliorated OGD/R-induced injury through METTL3 pathway. Mechanistic study revealed that miR-34a-5p was modulated by METTL3/IGF2BP3-mediated m6A modification in MSC. The in vitro and in vivo functional experiments revealed that MSC secreted exosomal miR-34a-5p and ameliorated IIRI through METTL3/IGF2BP3-mediated m6A modification of pre-miR-34A. MSC promoted the secretion of exosomal miR-34a-5p and improved intestinal barrier function through METTL3/IGF2BP3-mediated pre-miR-34A m6A modification.
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26
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Moonwiriyakit A, Pathomthongtaweechai N, Steinhagen PR, Chantawichitwong P, Satianrapapong W, Pongkorpsakol P. Tight junctions: from molecules to gastrointestinal diseases. Tissue Barriers 2022; 11:2077620. [PMID: 35621376 PMCID: PMC10161963 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2077620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelium functions as a tissue barrier to prevent interaction between the internal compartment and the external milieu. Intestinal barrier function also determines epithelial polarity for the absorption of nutrients and the secretion of waste products. These vital functions require strong integrity of tight junction proteins. In fact, intestinal tight junctions that seal the paracellular space can restrict mucosal-to-serosal transport of hostile luminal contents. Tight junctions can form both an absolute barrier and a paracellular ion channel. Although defective tight junctions potentially lead to compromised intestinal barrier and the development and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, no FDA-approved therapies that recover the epithelial tight junction barrier are currently available in clinical practice. Here, we discuss the impacts and regulatory mechanisms of tight junction disruption in the gut and related diseases. We also provide an overview of potential therapeutic targets to restore the epithelial tight junction barrier in the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aekkacha Moonwiriyakit
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Nutthapoom Pathomthongtaweechai
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Peter R Steinhagen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Pawin Pongkorpsakol
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
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Qu N, Chen L, Liang S, Wei M, Sun L, He Q, Xue J, Wang M, Shi K, Jiang H, Liu H. Roxadustat Attenuates the Disruption of Epithelial Tight Junction in Caco2 Cells and a Rat Model of CKD Through MicroRNA-223. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:850966. [PMID: 35492370 PMCID: PMC9043115 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.850966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increasing evidence supports the idea that the disruption of epithelial tight junction proteins (TJPs) caused by accumulation of uremia toxins, such as homocysteine (Hcy), is one of the most important mechanisms underlying the damage of intestinal barrier function (IBF) in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Since the decrease of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is reported to be involved in Hcy-induced cell injury, and the upregulation of microRNA-223 (miR-223) plays a vital protective role in the impairment of IBF in the experimental colitis, we investigated the effect of HIF-1α stabilizer roxadustat on the disruption of TJPs induced by Hcy and CKD and the underlying mechanism. Methods Chronic kidney disease was induced in rats via 5/6 nephrectomy. In a series of experiments, the rats were treated orally with roxadustat of different doses. The expression of tight junction proteins, HIF-1α, and miR-223 was analyzed in different groups by western blotting analysis, RT-qPCR techniques and immunofluorescence. A series of experiments with cultured Caco2 cells was performed. Results The results showed that the expression of TJPs (occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1) decreased significantly, accompanied by the reduction of HIF-1α and miR-223 in Hcy-treated Caco2 cells and colonic mucosa of uremic rats. The reduction of HIF-1α and miR-223 was reversed by roxadustat and the decrease of TJPs expression was attenuated in both Caco2 cells induced by Hcy and colon tissue of CKD rats. Furthermore, transfection with miR-223 mimics increased the expression of TJPs, while transfection with miR-223 inhibitor decreased their expression in Caco2 cells. MiR-223 inhibitor applied before roxadustat treatment partly diminished the effect of roxadustat on TJPs expression in Caco2 cells. Conclusion These results indicated that roxadustat attenuated the disruption of epithelial TJPs induced by Hcy in Caco2 cells and the damage of colonic epithelium in CKD rats through the upregulation of miR-223 induced by HIF-1α. A novel insight into the IBF dysfunction in CKD was provided, and it suggests a potential therapeutic use of roxadustat for the IBF dysfunction besides anemia in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Qu
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingshuang Sun
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Quan He
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinhong Xue
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kehui Shi
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongli Jiang
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Duodenal Mucosal Barrier in Functional Dyspepsia. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:1019-1028.e3. [PMID: 34607017 PMCID: PMC8975906 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In addition to gastric sensorimotor dysfunctions, functional dyspepsia (FD) is also variably associated with duodenal micro-inflammation and epithelial barrier dysfunction, the pathogenesis and clinical significance of which are unknown. Our hypothesis was that miRNAs and/or inflammation degrade epithelial barrier proteins, resulting in increased duodenal mucosal permeability in FD. METHODS We compared the duodenal mucosal gene expression and miRNAs, in vivo permeability (lactulose-mannitol excretion between 0 and 60 and 60 and 120 minutes after saccharide ingestion), ex vivo assessments (transmucosal resistance, fluorescein isothiocyanate [FITC]-dextran flux, and basal ion transport), and duodenal histology (light and electron microscopy) in 40 patients with FD and 24 controls. RESULTS Compared with controls, the mRNA expression of several barrier proteins (zonula occludens-1, occludin, claudin-12, and E-cadherin) was modestly reduced (ie, a fold change of 0.8-0.85) in FD with increased expression of several miRNAs (eg, miR-142-3p and miR-144-3-p), which suppress these genes. The urinary lactulose excretion and the lactulose:mannitol ratio between 60 and 120 minutes were greater in FD than in controls (P < .05). The FITC-dextran flux, which reflects paracellular permeability, was inversely correlated (r = -0.32, P = .03) with transmucosal resistance and directly correlated (r = 0.4, P = .02) with lactulose:mannitol ratio. Other parameters (mucosal eosinophils, intraepithelial lymphocytes, and mast cells, transmucosal resistance, FITC-dextran flux, average intercellular distance, and proportion of dilated junctions) were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS In FD, there is a modest reduction in the expression of several duodenal epithelial barrier proteins, which may be secondary to up-regulation of regulatory miRNAs, and increased small intestinal permeability measured in vivo.
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Mohammad Rahimi H, Yadegar A, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Mirjalali H, Zali MR. Modulation of microRNAs and claudin-7 in Caco-2 cell line treated with Blastocystis sp., subtype 3 soluble total antigen. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:111. [PMID: 35459091 PMCID: PMC9027909 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blastocystis sp., is a eukaryote of the large intestine, which is reported from almost all countries. The pathogenesis of this protist is not clear. The current study aimed to analyze the effects of Blastocystis sp., ST3 soluble total antigen (B3STA) on the microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in the gut permeability and also pro-inflammatory cytokines, occludin, and claudin-7. Methods Blastocystis sp., ST3 isolated from stool sample was purified, and its soluble total antigen was extracted using freeze and thawing. The Caco-2 cell line was treated with B3STA for 24 h and the expression levels of mir-16, mir-21, mir-29a, mir-223, and mir-874 were analyzed. In addition, the expression levels of il-8, il-15, occludin, and claudin-7 genes were assessed. Results B3STA significantly upregulated the expression of mir-223, and mir-874, and downregulated mir-29a. The expression of mir-16 and mir-21 was not significant. In addition, the expression of il-8 and il-15 was not significant. B3STA significantly decreased the expression level of claudin-7 (P-value < 0.0001), but the expression of occludin was not significant. Our results showed significant correlation between all studied miRNAs, except mir-29a, with downregulation of claudin-7. Conclusions This is the first study investigating the effects of Blastocystis sp., ST3 isolated from symptomatic subjects on the expression levels of miRNAs involved in the gut permeability. Our results demonstrated that B3STA may change miRNA expression, which are involved in the gut barrier integrity, and downregulates claudin-7, which is known as sealing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Mohammad Rahimi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhao L, Ren P, Wang M, Wang J, He X, Gu J, Lu Y, Wu Y, Liu J, Wang L, Li H. Changes in intestinal barrier protein expression and intestinal flora in a rat model of visceral hypersensitivity. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14299. [PMID: 34821442 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Destruction of the intestinal mucosal barrier and visceral hypersensitivity are main pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The study aimed to establish a rat model of visceral hypersensitivity and explore mechanisms involved the changes of the intestinal barrier protein expression and intestinal flora. METHODS A rat model of visceral hypersensitivity was established and evaluated using abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores, colonic paracellular permeability, and gastrointestinal motility. The expression of tight junction proteins, aquaporin proteins (AQPs), phosphorylated ERK, and proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) was determined. The intestinal microflora was evaluated by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. KEY RESULTS In model rats, AWR score and fecal water content were significantly increased, gastrointestinal motilities were disorder and characterized by an inhibition of gastric motility and an enhancement of small intestinal and colonic movement. The expressions of colonic occludin, ZO-1, AQP3, and AQP8 were decreased but claudin-2 and claudin-4 were markedly increased. Imbalance of intestinal flora appeared and showed an obvious decrease of Lactobacillus and an increase of Clostridiales_bacterium. Additionally, the total serine protease activity in feces, the expressions of PAR2 and phosphorylated ERK in the colon tissues were increased significantly. CONCLUSION AND INFERENCES The model rats of visceral hypersensitivity possess the decreased expression of occludin, ZO-1, AQP3, AQP8, and the increased expression of claudin-2 and claudin-4, meanwhile develop an imbalance of intestinal flora which probably increase serine protease activity, thereby activating the PAR2/ERK signaling and causing the intestinal barrier disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peipei Ren
- Affiliated Hospital, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Miaolei Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueyun He
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Gu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanyu Lu
- Function Laboratory in College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yana Wu
- Affiliated Hospital, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junhong Liu
- Affiliated Hospital, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Longde Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongfang Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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31
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Implication of Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Gut Dysbiosis and Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020289. [PMID: 35203499 PMCID: PMC8869546 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosal barrier, also referred to as intestinal barrier, is widely recognized as a critical player in gut homeostasis maintenance as it ensures the complex crosstalk between gut microbes (both commensals and pathogens) and the host immune system. Highly specialized epithelial cells constantly cope with several protective and harmful agents to maintain the multiple physiological functions of the barrier as well as its integrity. However, both genetic defects and environmental factors can break such equilibrium, thus promoting gut dysbiosis, dysregulated immune-inflammatory responses, and even the development of chronic pathological conditions. Here, we review and discuss the molecular and cellular pathways underlying intestinal barrier structural and functional homeostasis, focusing on potential alterations that may undermine this fine balance.
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Singh R, Zogg H, Ghoshal UC, Ro S. Current Treatment Options and Therapeutic Insights for Gastrointestinal Dysmotility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:808195. [PMID: 35145413 PMCID: PMC8822166 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.808195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) have been re-named as disorders of gut-brain interactions. These conditions are not only common in clinical practice, but also in the community. In reference to the Rome IV criteria, the most common FGIDs, include functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Additionally, there is substantial overlap of these disorders and other specific gastrointestinal motility disorders, such as gastroparesis. These disorders are heterogeneous and are intertwined with several proposed pathophysiological mechanisms, such as altered gut motility, intestinal barrier dysfunction, gut immune dysfunction, visceral hypersensitivity, altered GI secretion, presence and degree of bile acid malabsorption, microbial dysbiosis, and alterations to the gut-brain axis. The treatment options currently available include lifestyle modifications, dietary and gut microbiota manipulation interventions including fecal microbiota transplantation, prokinetics, antispasmodics, laxatives, and centrally and peripherally acting neuromodulators. However, treatment that targets the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the symptoms are scanty. Pharmacological agents that are developed based on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying pathologies of these disorders might provide the best avenue for future pharmaceutical development. The currently available therapies lack long-term effectiveness and safety for their use to treat motility disorders and FGIDs. Furthermore, the fundamental challenges in treating these disorders should be defined; for instance, 1. Cause and effect cannot be disentangled between symptoms and pathophysiological mechanisms due to current therapies that entail the off-label use of medications to treat symptoms. 2. Despite the knowledge that the microbiota in our gut plays an essential part in maintaining gut health, their exact functions in gut homeostasis are still unclear. What constitutes a healthy microbiome and further, the precise definition of gut microbial dysbiosis is lacking. More comprehensive, large-scale, and longitudinal studies utilizing multi-omics data are needed to dissect the exact contribution of gut microbial alterations in disease pathogenesis. Accordingly, we review the current treatment options, clinical insight on pathophysiology, therapeutic modalities, current challenges, and therapeutic clues for the clinical care and management of functional dyspepsia, gastroparesis, irritable bowel syndrome, functional constipation, and functional diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Hannah Zogg
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
- *Correspondence: Uday C Ghoshal, ; Seungil Ro,
| | - Seungil Ro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
- *Correspondence: Uday C Ghoshal, ; Seungil Ro,
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33
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Chiba T, Kooka A, Kowatari K, Yoshizawa M, Chiba N, Takaguri A, Fukushi Y, Hongo F, Sato H, Wada S. Expression profiles of hsa-miR-148a-3p and hsa-miR-125b-5p in human breast milk and infant formulae. Int Breastfeed J 2022; 17:1. [PMID: 34980190 PMCID: PMC8725387 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-021-00436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Milk-derived microRNAs (miRNAs), including hsa-miR-148a-3p (miR-148a) and hsa-miR-125b-5p (miR-125b), have been shown to be beneficial to the gastrointestinal function in infants. Here, we investigated their expression during lactation in humans and determined whether the infant formulae available in Japan contain these miRNAs. Methods Healthy Japanese women (n = 16) who gave birth vaginally or by cesarean section at the Teine Keijinkai Hospital between 1 September 2020, and 31 April 2021 were included in this study. Breast milk was collected by nurses on days 4 or 5 after delivery (hereinafter, transition milk) and on day 30 of postpartum (hereinafter, mature milk). The levels of miR-148a and miR-125b in breastmilk and six commercially available infant formulae were compared and evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results In all participants, the miR-148a level in mature breastmilk was significantly lower than that in the transition milk. The changes in miR-125b expression during lactation showed similar trends to the changes in miR-148a expression. The miR-148a and miR-125b levels in all analyzed infant formulae were lower than 1/500th and 1/100th of those in mature breastmilk, respectively. Conclusions The levels of both miR-148a and miR-125b in human breast milk decreased on day 30 postpartum compared with those in the transition milk. Additionally, the expression of these miRNAs in infant formulae available in Japan was very low. Further studies with larger populations are required to understand precisely the lactational changes in the expression of miR148a and miR-125b in breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Chiba
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 15-4-1, Maeda 7-jo, Teine-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, 006-8565, Japan. .,Creation Research Institute of Life Science in KITA-no-DAICHI, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Aya Kooka
- Department of Pharmacy, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kowatari
- Department of Nursing, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Megumi Yoshizawa
- Department of Nursing, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Akira Takaguri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 15-4-1, Maeda 7-jo, Teine-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, 006-8565, Japan.,Creation Research Institute of Life Science in KITA-no-DAICHI, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Fukushi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Fuminori Hongo
- Department of Pharmacy, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideki Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 15-4-1, Maeda 7-jo, Teine-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, 006-8565, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Wada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
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Verma P, Mohanty N, Pruseth B, Sahoo S, Katiyar A, Singh H, Jena SK, Das RR, Som TK, Sahoo SK, Nanda P, Ghosh A. Identification of Candidate Immune System MicroRNAs Differentially Found in Colostrum and Milk Exosomes. Microrna 2022; 11:216-226. [PMID: 35786199 DOI: 10.2174/2211536611666220630102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fetus grows in a sterile womb environment. After birth, the newborn immune system has two immediate hurdles to clear. First immediate suppression of the womb compatible immune system and turn on the immune system of the newborn that can counter the antigenic world. The underlying mechanism of immune fluctuation by milk microRNAs (miRNAs) can be crucial for the treatment of critical or premature newborn. METHODS We collected fourteen samples of each colostrum and mature milk from lactating mothers, four samples of each were used for microarray analysis, and the other ten were used for miRNA expression profiling by real-time PCR. RESULTS From the microarray, 154 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, whereas 49 miRNAs were revealed as immune-related miRNAs based on a literature study. Among the 49 miRNAs, 33 were already shown as strongly validated immune-related miRNAs (validated by qPCR, Western Blot, and Luciferase assay) and were considered for further analysis. Twenty-two miRNA expressions were analysed by real-time PCR as their Ct values were within considerable limits. Twelve numbers of miRNAs were significantly downregulated in mature milk compared to colostrum, which were again subjected to bioinformatics analysis to predict the biological mechanisms behind the differentially expressed miRNAs. CONCLUSION This study shed light on the human milk exosome miRNA expression dynamics during lactation and their possible role in the gradual skewing of the newborns' immune system. The information is crucial for the development and onset of sepsis in premature newborns in the NICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Verma
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
| | - Niharika Mohanty
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
| | - Babita Pruseth
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
| | - Sonali Sahoo
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
| | - Amit Katiyar
- ICMR-AIIMS Computational Genomics Centre, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- ICMR-AIIMS Computational Genomics Centre, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Saubhagya Kumar Jena
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Das
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Som
- Department of Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
| | | | - Pranati Nanda
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
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Orzeł-Gajowik K, Milewski K, Zielińska M. Insight into microRNAs-Mediated Communication between Liver and Brain: A Possible Approach for Understanding Acute Liver Failure? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:224. [PMID: 35008650 PMCID: PMC8745738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening consequence of hepatic function rapid loss without preexisting liver disease. ALF may result in a spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms that encompasses cognitive impairment, coma, and often death, collectively defined as acute hepatic encephalopathy. Micro RNAs are small non-coding RNAs that modulate gene expression and are extensively verified as biomarker candidates in various diseases. Our systematic literature review based on the last decade's reports involving a total of 852 ALF patients, determined 205 altered circulating miRNAs, of which 25 miRNAs were altered in the blood, regardless of study design and methodology. Selected 25 miRNAs, emerging predominantly from the analyses of samples obtained from acetaminophen overdosed patients, represent the most promising biomarker candidates for a diagnostic panel for symptomatic ALF. We discussed the role of selected miRNAs in the context of tissue-specific origin and its possible regulatory role for molecular pathways involved in blood-brain barrier function. The defined several common pathways for 15 differently altered miRNAs were relevant to cellular community processes, indicating loss of intercellular, structural, and functional components, which may result in blood-brain barrier impairment and brain dysfunction. However, a causational relationship between circulating miRNAs differential expression, and particular clinical features of ALF, has to be demonstrated in a further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Magdalena Zielińska
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (K.O.-G.); (K.M.)
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Wang X, Pham A, Kang L, Walker SA, Davidovich I, Iannotta D, TerKonda SP, Shapiro S, Talmon Y, Pham S, Wolfram J. Effects of Adipose-Derived Biogenic Nanoparticle-Associated microRNA-451a on Toll-like Receptor 4-Induced Cytokines. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:16. [PMID: 35056912 PMCID: PMC8780819 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-released nanoparticles that transfer biomolecular content between cells. Among EV-associated biomolecules, microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) represent one of the most important modulators of signaling pathways in recipient cells. Previous studies have shown that EVs from adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and adipose tissue modulate inflammatory pathways in macrophages. In this study, the effects of miRNAs that are abundant in adipose tissue EVs and other biogenic nanoparticles (BiNPs) were assessed in terms of altering Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-induced cytokines. TLR-4 signaling in macrophages is often triggered by pathogen or damage-induced inflammation and is associated with several diseases. This study demonstrates that miR-451a, which is abundant in adipose tissue BiNPs, suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines and increases anti-inflammatory cytokines associated with the TLR4 pathway. Therefore, miR-451a may be partially responsible for immunomodulatory effects of adipose tissue-derived BiNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.W.); (A.P.); (S.A.W.); (D.I.)
| | - Anthony Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.W.); (A.P.); (S.A.W.); (D.I.)
| | - Lu Kang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Sierra A. Walker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.W.); (A.P.); (S.A.W.); (D.I.)
| | - Irina Davidovich
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (I.D.); (Y.T.)
| | - Dalila Iannotta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.W.); (A.P.); (S.A.W.); (D.I.)
| | - Sarvam P. TerKonda
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Shane Shapiro
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (I.D.); (Y.T.)
| | - Si Pham
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (X.W.); (A.P.); (S.A.W.); (D.I.)
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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miR-125b Promotes Colorectal Cancer Migration and Invasion by Dual-Targeting CFTR and CGN. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225710. [PMID: 34830864 PMCID: PMC8616371 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause for cancer related death, in which metastasis exerts a pivotal role. Therefore, we aim to find out the possible mechanism underlying CRC metastasis. We found that the level of miR-125b was elevated in normal, primary CRC, and distant metastasis tissues stepwise, and high level miR-125b was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and tumor differentiation. In vitro and in vivo assays showed miR-125b significantly promoted CRC migration and invasion. To elucidate the potential mechanism, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and cingulin (CGN) were defined as two target genes of miR-125b. On the one hand, miR-125b promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the production and secretion of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) by inhibiting CFTR; on the other hand, miR-125b activated Ras Homolog Family Member A (RhoA)/Rho Kinase (ROCK) signaling by repressing CGN. Therefore, we provided a potential biomarker for CRC prevention and treatment in the future. Abstract Metastasis contributes to the poor prognosis of colorectal cancer, the causative factor of which is not fully understood. Previously, we found that miR-125b (Accession number: MIMAT0000423) contributed to cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we identified a novel mechanism by which miR-125b enhances metastasis by targeting cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the tight junction-associated adaptor cingulin (CGN) in CRC. We found that miR-125b expression was upregulated in primary CRC tumors and metastatic sites compared with adjacent normal tissues. Overexpression of miR-125b in CRC cells enhanced migration capacity, while knockdown of miR-125b decreased migration and invasion. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and dual-luciferase reporter assays identified CFTR and CGN as the target genes of miR-125b, and the inhibitory impact of CFTR and CGN on metastasis was further verified both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we found that miR-125b facilitated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and the expression and secretion of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) by targeting CFTR and enhanced the Ras Homolog Family Member A (RhoA)/Rho Kinase (ROCK) pathway activity by targeting CGN. Together, these findings suggest miR-125b as a key functional molecule in CRC and a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Grover M, Berumen A, Peters S, Wei T, Breen-Lyles M, Harmsen WS, Busciglio I, Burton D, Vazquez Roque M, DeVault KR, Camilleri M, Wallace M, Dasari S, Neumann H, Houghton LA. Intestinal chemosensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome associates with small intestinal TRPV channel expression. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 54:1179-1192. [PMID: 34472640 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients often experience meal-associated symptoms. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. AIM To determine small intestinal mechanisms of lipid-induced symptoms and rectal hypersensitivity in IBS METHODS: We recruited 26 IBS patients (12 IBS-C, 14 IBS-D) and 15 healthy volunteers (HV). In vivo permeability was assessed using saccharide excretion assay. Rectal sensitivity was assessed using a barostat before and after small bowel lipid infusion; symptoms were assessed throughout. Next, an extended upper endoscopy with probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) was performed with changes induced by lipids. Duodenal and jejunal mucosal biopsies were obtained for transcriptomics. RESULTS Following lipid infusion, a higher proportion of HV than IBS patients reported no pain, no nausea, no fullness and no urgency (P < 0.05 for all). In a model adjusted for sex and anxiety, IBS-C and IBS-D patients had lower thresholds for first rectal sensation (P = 0.0007) and pain (P = 0.004) than HV. In vivo small intestinal permeability and mean pCLE scores were similar between IBS patients and HV. Post-lipid, pCLE scores were higher than pre-lipid but were not different between groups. Baseline duodenal transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 1 and 3 expression was increased in IBS-D, and TRPV3 in IBS-C. Duodenal TRPV1 expression correlated with abdominal pain (r = 0.51, FDR = 0.01), and inversely with first rectal sensation (r = -0.48, FDR = 0.01) and pain (r = -0.41, FDR = 0.02) thresholds. CONCLUSION Lipid infusion elicits a greater symptom response in IBS patients than HV, which is associated with small intestinal expression of TRPV channels. TRPV-mediated small intestinal chemosensitivity may mediate post-meal symptoms in IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Antonio Berumen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephanie Peters
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ting Wei
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Margaret Breen-Lyles
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - William S Harmsen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Irene Busciglio
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Duane Burton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maria Vazquez Roque
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Kenneth R DeVault
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Wallace
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Helmut Neumann
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,GastroZentrum Lippe, Bad Salzuflen, Germany
| | - Lesley A Houghton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Fortea M, Albert-Bayo M, Abril-Gil M, Ganda Mall JP, Serra-Ruiz X, Henao-Paez A, Expósito E, González-Castro AM, Guagnozzi D, Lobo B, Alonso-Cotoner C, Santos J. Present and Future Therapeutic Approaches to Barrier Dysfunction. Front Nutr 2021; 8:718093. [PMID: 34778332 PMCID: PMC8582318 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.718093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is converging and increasing evidence, but also uncertainty, for the role of abnormal intestinal epithelial barrier function in the origin and development of a growing number of human gastrointestinal and extraintestinal inflammatory disorders, and their related complaints. Despite a vast literature addressing factors and mechanisms underlying changes in intestinal permeability in humans, and its connection to the appearance and severity of clinical symptoms, the ultimate link remains to be established in many cases. Accordingly, there are no directives or clinical guidelines related to the therapeutic management of intestinal permeability disorders that allow health professionals involved in the management of these patients to carry out a consensus treatment based on clinical evidence. Instead, there are multiple pseudoscientific approaches and commercial propaganda scattered on the internet that confuse those affected and health professionals and that often lack scientific rigor. Therefore, in this review we aim to shed light on the different therapeutic options, which include, among others, dietary management, nutraceuticals and medical devices, microbiota and drugs, and epigenetic and exosomes-manipulation, through an objective evaluation of the scientific publications in this field. Advances in the knowledge and management of intestinal permeability will sure enable better options of dealing with this group of common disorders to enhance quality of life of those affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fortea
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience, Translational Research Center for GastroIntestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mercé Albert-Bayo
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Abril-Gil
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John-Peter Ganda Mall
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xavier Serra-Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Henao-Paez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elba Expósito
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana María González-Castro
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Danila Guagnozzi
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Lobo
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carmen Alonso-Cotoner
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Santos
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Kozieł MJ, Ziaja M, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Intestinal Barrier, Claudins and Mycotoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:758. [PMID: 34822542 PMCID: PMC8622050 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is the main barrier against all of the substances that enter the body. Proper functioning of this barrier guarantees maintained balance in the organism. Mycotoxins are toxic, secondary fungi metabolites, that have a negative impact both on human and animal health. It was postulated that various mycotoxins may affect homeostasis by disturbing the intestinal barrier. Claudins are proteins that are involved in creating tight junctions between epithelial cells. A growing body of evidence underlines their role in molecular response to mycotoxin-induced cytotoxicity. This review summarizes the information connected with claudins, their association with an intestinal barrier, physiological conditions in general, and with gastrointestinal cancers. Moreover, this review also includes information about the changes in claudin expression upon exposition to various mycotoxins.
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Singh R, Zogg H, Ro S. Role of microRNAs in Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions: Clinical Insights and Therapeutic Alternatives. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11101021. [PMID: 34683162 PMCID: PMC8541612 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of gut–brain interactions (DGBIs) are heterogeneous in nature and intertwine with diverse pathophysiological mechanisms. Regular functioning of the gut requires complex coordinated interplay between a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) cell types and their functions are regulated by multiple mechanisms at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to specific mRNA targets to repress their translation and/or promote the target mRNA degradation. Dysregulation of miRNAs might impair gut physiological functions leading to DGBIs and gut motility disorders. Studies have shown miRNAs regulate gut functions such as visceral sensation, gut immune response, GI barrier function, enteric neuronal development, and GI motility. These biological processes are highly relevant to the gut where neuroimmune interactions are key contributors in controlling gut homeostasis and functional defects lead to DGBIs. Although extensive research has explored the pathophysiology of DGBIs, further research is warranted to bolster the molecular mechanisms behind these disorders. The therapeutic targeting of miRNAs represents an attractive approach for the treatment of DGBIs because they offer new insights into disease mechanisms and have great potential to be used in the clinic as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Here, we review recent advances regarding the regulation of miRNAs in GI pacemaking cells, immune cells, and enteric neurons modulating pathophysiological mechanisms of DGBIs. This review aims to assess the impacts of miRNAs on the pathophysiological mechanisms of DGBIs, including GI dysmotility, impaired intestinal barrier function, gut immune dysfunction, and visceral hypersensitivity. We also summarize the therapeutic alternatives for gut microbial dysbiosis in DGBIs, highlighting the clinical insights and areas for further exploration. We further discuss the challenges in miRNA therapeutics and promising emerging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seungil Ro
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-775-784-1462; Fax: +1-775-784-6903
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Mayangsari Y, Okudaira M, Mano C, Tanaka Y, Ueda O, Sakuta T, Suzuki Y, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki T. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone enhances barrier function by increasing occludin and reducing claudin-2 in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Keller A, Gröger L, Tschernig T, Solomon J, Laham O, Schaum N, Wagner V, Kern F, Schmartz GP, Li Y, Borcherding A, Meier C, Wyss-Coray T, Meese E, Fehlmann T, Ludwig N. miRNATissueAtlas2: an update to the human miRNA tissue atlas. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 50:D211-D221. [PMID: 34570238 PMCID: PMC8728130 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) are pervasive regulators of physiological and pathological processes. We previously developed the human miRNA Tissue Atlas, detailing the expression of miRNAs across organs in the human body. Here, we present an updated resource containing sequencing data of 188 tissue samples comprising 21 organ types retrieved from six humans. Sampling the organs from the same bodies minimizes intra-individual variability and facilitates the making of a precise high-resolution body map of the non-coding transcriptome. The data allow shedding light on the organ- and organ system-specificity of piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and other non-coding RNAs. As use case of our resource, we describe the identification of highly specific ncRNAs in different organs. The update also contains 58 samples from six tissues of the Tabula Muris collection, allowing to check if the tissue specificity is evolutionary conserved between Homo sapiens and Mus musculus. The updated resource of 87 252 non-coding RNAs from nine non-coding RNA classes for all organs and organ systems is available online without any restrictions (https://www.ccb.uni-saarland.de/tissueatlas2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Keller
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laura Gröger
- Center for Human and Molecular Biology, Junior Research Group Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute for Anatomy, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Solomon
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Omar Laham
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nicholas Schaum
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Viktoria Wagner
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Fabian Kern
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Georges Pierre Schmartz
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Yongping Li
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Carola Meier
- Institute for Anatomy, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eckart Meese
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Fehlmann
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Center for Human and Molecular Biology, Junior Research Group Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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Chai Y, Lu Y, Yang L, Qiu J, Qin C, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Qi G, Liu C, Zhang X, Li D, Zhu H. Identification and potential functions of tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105881. [PMID: 34509631 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IBS-D is a functional bowel disease without clear diagnostic markers and exact pathogenesis. Studies have proved that non-coding RNAs participate in IBS-D. However, tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), as a new type of non-coding RNAs that are more suitable as markers, remain to be clarified in IBS-D. Hence, we focused on the identification and potential functions of tsRNAs in IBS-D. Intestinal biopsies were obtained from IBS-D patients and healthy volunteers, and twenty-eight differential tsRNAs were screened by high-throughput sequencing. The changes of tiRNA-His-GTG-001, tRF-Ser-GCT-113, and tRF-Gln-TTG-035 by q-PCR in expanded samples were consistent with the sequencing results. Meanwhile, target gene prediction and bioinformatics showed that the three differential tsRNAs may be involved in some key signal pathways, such as GABAergic synapse, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), etc. Their regulation on target genes were demonstrated through cell experiments and luciferase reporter assays. In addition, the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the three tsRNAs all could be used as candidate markers of IBS-D. The correlation analysis indicated they were related to the degree of abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and stool morphology. So, we believe that the abnormal tiRNA-His-GTG-001, tRF-Ser-GCT-113, and tRF-Gln-TTG-035 are related to the clinical symptoms of IBS-D, and can target regulate the important molecules of the brain-gut axis, even could be expected as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Chai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Yaoyao Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Limin Yang
- Digestive department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jianli Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Chongzhen Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jingmin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Hip Disease Research and Treatment Center, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital, Luoyang, Henan 471002, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Guangzhao Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Chengye Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang Dongfang Hospital, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Duolu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - He Zhu
- Pharmaceutical Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China.
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Mohr S, Fritz N, Hammer C, Martínez C, Berens S, Schmitteckert S, Wahl V, Schmidt M, Houghton LA, Goebel‐Stengel M, Kabisch M, Götze D, Milovač I, D’Amato M, Zheng T, Röth R, Mönnikes H, Engel F, Gauss A, Tesarz J, Raithel M, Andresen V, Frieling T, Keller J, Pehl C, Stein‐Thöringer C, Clarke G, Kennedy PJ, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Quigley EMM, Spiller R, Beltrán C, Madrid AM, Torres V, Pérez de Arce E, Herzog W, Mayer EA, Sayuk G, Gazouli M, Karamanolis G, Kapur‐Pojskič L, Bustamante M, Rabionet R, Estivil X, Franke A, Lieb W, Boeckxstaens G, Wouters MM, Simrén M, Rappold GA, Vicario M, Santos J, Schaefert R, Lorenzo‐Bermejo J, Niesler B. The alternative serotonin transporter promoter P2 impacts gene function in females with irritable bowel syndrome. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8047-8061. [PMID: 34165249 PMCID: PMC8358858 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gut-brain disorder in which symptoms are shaped by serotonin acting centrally and peripherally. The serotonin transporter gene SLC6A4 has been implicated in IBS pathophysiology, but the underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear. We sequenced the alternative P2 promoter driving intestinal SLC6A4 expression and identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were associated with IBS in a discovery sample. Identified SNPs built different haplotypes, and the tagging SNP rs2020938 seems to associate with constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C) in females. rs2020938 validation was performed in 1978 additional IBS patients and 6,038 controls from eight countries. Meta-analysis on data from 2,175 IBS patients and 6,128 controls confirmed the association with female IBS-C. Expression analyses revealed that the P2 promoter drives SLC6A4 expression primarily in the small intestine. Gene reporter assays showed a functional impact of SNPs in the P2 region. In silico analysis of the polymorphic promoter indicated differential expression regulation. Further follow-up revealed that the major allele of the tagging SNP rs2020938 correlates with differential SLC6A4 expression in the jejunum and with stool consistency, indicating functional relevance. Our data consolidate rs2020938 as a functional SNP associated with IBS-C risk in females, underlining the relevance of SLC6A4 in IBS pathogenesis.
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Fei Y, Chen Z, Han S, Zhang S, Zhang T, Lu Y, Berglund B, Xiao H, Li L, Yao M. Role of prebiotics in enhancing the function of next-generation probiotics in gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1037-1054. [PMID: 34323634 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1958744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With the development of high-throughput DNA sequencing and molecular analysis technologies, next-generation probiotics (NGPs) are increasingly gaining attention as live bacterial therapeutics for treatment of diseases. However, compared to traditional probiotics, NGPs are much more vulnerable to the harsh conditions in the human gastrointestinal tract, and their functional mechanisms in the gut are more complex. Prebiotics have been confirmed to play a critical role in improving the function and viability of traditional probiotics. Defined as substrates that are selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit, prebiotics are also important for NGPs. This review summarizes potential prebiotics for use with NGPs and clarifies their characteristics and functional mechanisms. Then we particularly focus on illustrating the protective effects of various prebiotics by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and their resistance to digestive fluids. We also elucidate the role of prebiotics in regulating anti-bacterial effects, intestinal barrier maintenance, and cross-feeding mechanisms of NPGs. With the expanding range of candidate NGPs and prebiotic substrates, more studies need to be conducted to comprehensively elucidate the interactions between prebiotics and NGPs outside and inside hosts, in order to boost their nutritional and healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Fei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuobing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyi Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianfang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Björn Berglund
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingfei Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhou J, Liu J, Gao Y, Shen L, Li S, Chen S. miRNA-Based Potential Biomarkers and New Molecular Insights in Ulcerative Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:707776. [PMID: 34305614 PMCID: PMC8298863 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.707776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease, which usually manifests as abdominal pain, diarrhea and hematochezia. The disease often recurs and is difficult to cure. At present, the pathogenesis is not clear, but it is believed that the disease is caused by a complex interaction among immunity, heredity, environment and intestinal microflora disorders. MicroRNA (miRNA) is endogenous single-stranded non-coding RNA of 17–25 nucleotides (nts). They target the 3'Untranslated Region of a target gene and inhibit or degrade the target gene according to the extent of complementary bases. As important gene expression regulators, miRNAs are involved in regulating the expression of most human genes, and play an important role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases including UC. Studies in recent years have illustrated that abnormal expression of miRNA occurs very early in disease pathogenesis. Moreover, this abnormal expression is highly related to disease activity of UC and colitis-associated cancer, and involves virtually all key UC-related mechanisms, such as immunity and intestinal microbiota dysregulation. Recently, it was discovered that miRNA is highly stable outside the cell in the form of microvesicles, exosomes or apoptotic vesicles, which raises the possibility that miRNA may serve as a novel diagnostic marker for UC. In this review, we summarize the biosynthetic pathway and the function of miRNA, and summarize the usefulness of miRNA for diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of UC. Then, we described four types of miRNAs involved in regulating the mechanisms of UC occurrence and development: 1) miRNAs are involved in regulating immune cells; 2) affect the intestinal epithelial cells barrier; 3) regulate the homeostasis between gut microbiota and the host; and 4) participate in the formation of tumor in UC. Altogether, we aim to emphasize the close relationship between miRNA and UC as well as to propose that the field has value for developing potential biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangyang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liwei Shen
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Center for Health Policy & Drug Affairs Operation Management, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Simin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Guo J, Lu G, Chen L, Geng H, Wu X, Chen H, Li Y, Yuan M, Sun J, Pei L. Regulation of serum microRNA expression by acupuncture in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Acupunct Med 2021; 40:34-42. [PMID: 34231397 DOI: 10.1177/09645284211027892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen for differentially expressed serum microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) compared with healthy participants and explore the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of IBS-D based on miRNAs. METHODS IBS-D patients that met the Rome III diagnostic criteria and age- and sex-matched healthy participants were enrolled between April 2017 and December 2017. Serum miRNA levels were initially determined using a TaqMan low-density array (TLDA) in pooled samples. Markedly altered miRNAs in IBS-D patients were subsequently validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on individual samples. All IBS-D patients accepted the acupuncture therapy for 6 weeks. The disease severity was assessed using the IBS symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS) questionnaire before and after treatment. After acupuncture, the patients' serum was re-analyzed for altered expression of the miRNAs by qRT-PCR. RESULTS TLDA and qRT-PCR analysis revealed six upregulated miRNAs (miR-1305, miR-575, miR-149-5p, miR-190a-5p, miR-135a-5p, and miR-148a-3p; P < 0.05) and two downregulated miRNAs (miR-194-5p, miR-127-5p; P < 0.05) in IBS-D patients compared with healthy controls. Post acupuncture treatment, total IBS-SSS scores, severity of abdominal pain, duration of abdominal pain, severity of abdominal distention, dissatisfaction with bowel habits and disruption in quality of life decreased significantly (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the upregulated miR-148a-3p levels in IBS-D patients also decreased significantly after acupuncture (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The over-expression or reduced expression of several miRNAs may contribute to IBS-D pathogenesis. Acupuncture might downregulate miR-148a-3p through multiple pathways to alleviate or relieve IBS-D symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR-IOR-17010860 (Chinese Clinical Trials Registry).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Gao Lu
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Geng
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Gastroenterology Endoscopy Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqian Yuan
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixia Pei
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Lajoie F, Rousseau G, Blanquet-Diot S, Etienne-Mesmin L. [Irritable bowel syndrome: Role of gut microbiota]. Med Sci (Paris) 2021; 37:593-600. [PMID: 34180818 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2021095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with high prevalence. IBS, in particular the diarrheic subtype, is associated with alterations in gut microbiota composition and functionality, called dysbiosis. However, the treatment of this disease mainly relies on the patient's symptoms without considering the gut microbiota perturbations. In this review, we present epidemiological data about IBS-D. Then, we describe the main pathophysiological mechanisms associated with this disease, by focusing on gut microbiota alterations. We end up discussing the current therapies now available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Lajoie
- Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Faculté de médecine, université de Montréal, CP 6128 - Succursale Centre-ville, H3C 3J7 Montréal (Québec), Canada
| | - Guy Rousseau
- Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Faculté de médecine, université de Montréal, CP 6128 - Succursale Centre-ville, H3C 3J7 Montréal (Québec), Canada
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, UMR454 MEDIS (microbiologie, environnement digestif et santé), 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, UMR454 MEDIS (microbiologie, environnement digestif et santé), 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Serum Exosomes Derived from Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patient Increase Cell Permeability via Regulating miR-148b-5p/RGS2 Signaling in Human Colonic Epithelium Cells. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2021; 2021:6655900. [PMID: 34221007 PMCID: PMC8219443 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multifactorial functional bowel disorder characterized by disruption of the intestinal barrier. Circulating exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in regulating epithelial barrier function, and upregulation of miR-148b-5p has been detected in IBS. However, whether exosomal miR-148-5p is involved in the IBS pathogenesis remains unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the relationship of exosomal miR-148-5p with colonic epithelial permeability. Methods Exosomes were isolated from the serum of IBS patients and healthy controls. HT-29 cells were cultured with the IBS-derived serum exosomes (IBS-exo). Exosome uptake assay was used to evaluate whether the IBS-exo could be absorbed by HT-29 cells. FITC-Dextran flux and transepithelial/endothelial electrical resistance were measured to evaluate epithelial permeability. A luciferase reporter assay was used to determine whether the regulator of G protein signaling- (RGS-) 2 is a target gene of miR-148b-5p. Results miR-148b-5p was obviously elevated in the IBS-exo compared to the control-exo. Upregulation of miR-148b-5p was observed in the HT-29 cells cultured with IBS-exo. Exposure to IBS-exo increased cell permeability and decreased RGS2 expression. The IBS-exo-induced alterations were obviously reversed by interfering with the miR-148b-5p expression. Mimicking the IBS-exo treatment, miR-148b-5p overexpression increased cell permeability and downregulated RGS2 expression, which were abrogated by overexpressing RGS2. The luciferase reporter assay revealed that RGS2 was a direct target of miR-148b-5p. Conclusions Serum-derived exosomes from IBS patients increase colonic epithelial permeability via miR-148b-5p/RGS2 signaling.
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