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de Araújo WS, Bergamini LL, Almeida-Neto M. Global effects of land-use intensity and exotic plants on the structure and phylogenetic signal of plant-herbivore networks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173949. [PMID: 38876343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between plants and herbivorous insects are often phylogenetically structured, with closely related insect species using similar sets of species or lineages of plants, while phylogenetically closer plants tend to share high proportions of their herbivore insect species. Notably, these phylogenetic constraints in plant-herbivore interactions tend to be more pronounced among internal plant-feeding herbivores (i.e., endophages) than among external feeders (i.e., exophages). In the context of growing human-induced habitat conversion and the global proliferation of exotic species, it is crucial to understand how ecological networks respond to land-use intensification and the increasing presence of exotic plants. In this study, we analyzed plant-herbivore network data from various locations of the World to ascertain the degree to which land-use intensity and the prevalence of exotic plants induce predictable changes in their network topology - measured by levels of nestedness and modularity - and phylogenetic structures. Additionally, we investigated whether the intimacy of plant-herbivore interactions, contrasting endophagous with exophagous networks, modulate changes in network structure. Our findings reveal that most plant-herbivore networks are characterized by significant phylogenetic and topological structures. However, neither these structures did not show consistent changes in response to increased levels of land-use intensify. On the other hand, for the networks composed of endophagous herbivores, the level of nestedness was higher in the presence of a high proportion of exotic plants. Additionally, for networks of exophagous herbivores, we observed an increase in the phylogenetic structure of interactions due to exotic host dominance. These results underscore the differential impacts of exotic species and land-use intensity on the phylogenetic and topological structures of plant-herbivore networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Santos de Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG 39401-089, Brazil..
| | - Leonardo Lima Bergamini
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais do Cerrado, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, Brasília, DF 70312-970, Brazil
| | - Mário Almeida-Neto
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74001-970, Brazil
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2
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Kirmse S. Structure and composition of a canopy-beetle community (Coleoptera) in a Neotropical lowland rainforest in southern Venezuela. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:240478. [PMID: 39156661 PMCID: PMC11330560 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Species richness, community structure and taxonomic composition are important characteristics of biodiversity. Beetle communities show distinct diversity patterns according to habitat attributes. Tropical rainforest canopies, which are well known for their richness in Coleoptera, represent such a conspicuous life zone. Here, I describe a canopy-inhabiting beetle community associated with 23 tree species in a Neotropical lowland rainforest. Adult beetles were sampled manually and in aerial traps using a large tower crane for a cumulative year. The sample revealed 6738 adult beetles, which were assigned to 862 (morpho-)species in 45 families. The most species-rich beetle families were Curculionidae (n = 246), Chrysomelidae (n = 121) and Cerambycidae (n = 89). The most abundant families were Curculionidae (n = 2746) and Chrysomelidae (n = 1409). Dominant beetle families were found in most assemblages. The beetle community consisted of 400 singletons (46.4%). A similar proportion was evident for assemblages of single tree species. I found that 74.5% of all beetle species were restricted in their occurrence on host trees to the phenological season and time of the day. This daily and seasonal migration causes patterns similar to mass effects and therefore accounts for the high proportion of singletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kirmse
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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Ribeiro LG, Silva AO, Vaz KA, Dos Santos JV, Nunes CA, Carneiro MAC. Soil arthropod community responses to restoration in areas impacted by iron mining tailings deposition after Fundão dam failure. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1299. [PMID: 37828343 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, the failure of the Fundão dam in Mariana, Brazil released ~43 million m3 of iron mining tailings into the environment. Despite restoration initiatives in the following years, few studies-and most focused on revegetation-have evaluated the effectiveness of the restoration process in areas impacted by the disaster. We aimed to evaluate the responses of the arthropod community in areas impacted by iron mining tailings deposition from the Fundão dam that is in the restoration process. We defined sampling units in the riparian zone of the Gualaxo do Norte River, which is under restoration, and in a native not impacted riparian zone. We collected soil arthropods using pitfall traps and sampled environmental variables in the same sites. We used generalize least squares models (GLS) to test if the restored areas already presented values of arthropod diversity and functional group abundance similar to the reference area and to test which environmental variables are influencing arthropod diversity. We also tested how large the differences of arthropod community composition between the study areas and used the index of indicator species (IndVal) to verify which species could be used as an indicator of reference or restoration areas. The diversity of arthropods and the functional groups of detritivores and omnivores were higher in the native riparian zone. Understory density, soil density, organic matter content, and microbial biomass carbon were the environmental variables that significantly explained the diversity and species composition of arthropods. We show that restoration areas still have different soil arthropod diversity values and community composition when compared to reference areas. Evaluating the response of the arthropod community to the restoration process and long-term monitoring are essential to achieve a satisfactory result in this process and achieve a self-sustaining ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Gonçalves Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo - Lavras, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Oliveira Silva
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo - Lavras, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Kátia Augusta Vaz
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo - Lavras, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Jessé Valentim Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo - Lavras, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Cássio Alencar Nunes
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação - Lavras, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo - Lavras, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil.
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Yang K, Qin PH, Yuan MY, Chen L, Zhang YJ, Chu D. Infection density pattern of Cardinium affects the responses of bacterial communities in an invasive whitefly under heat conditions. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:1149-1164. [PMID: 36331043 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Communities of bacteria, especially symbionts, are vital for the growth and development of insects and other arthropods, including Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (MED), a destructive and invasive insect pest. However, the infection density patterns and influence factors of bacteria in whiteflies, which mainly include symbionts, remain largely unclear. To reveal the different density patterns of Cardinium in B. tabaci MED populations and the impacts of high temperatures on whiteflies with different Cardinium density infection patterns, 2 isofemale lines isolated from B. tabaci MED from the same geographical population of China and from B. tabaci MED collected from other countries and locations were examined using several techniques and methods, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and 2b-RAD sequencing. The results showed that there were 2 different infection density patterns of Cardinium in B. tabaci MED (including 1 high-density pattern and 1 low-density pattern). For whiteflies with low-density Cardinium, conventional PCR could not detect Cardinium, but the other techniques confirmed that there was a low level of Cardinium within hosts. High temperature significantly decreased the diversity of bacterial communities: the relative titer of Cardinium increased but the density of Rickettsia decreased in the isofemale line with high-density Cardinium. However, high temperature did not influence the diversity and symbiont density in the line with low-density Cardinium. Moreover, high temperature influenced the functions of bacterial communities in whiteflies with high-density Cardinium but did not affect the bacterial functions in whiteflies with low-density Cardinium. Our results provide novel insights into the complex associations between symbionts and host insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peng-Hao Qin
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meng-Ying Yuan
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - You-Jun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Chu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Matsunaga C, Kanazawa N, Takatsuka Y, Fujii T, Ohta S, Ômura H. Polyhydroxy Acids as Fabaceous Plant Components Induce Oviposition of the Common Grass Yellow Butterfly, Eurema Mandarina. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:67-76. [PMID: 36484901 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The common grass yellow butterfly, Eurema mandarina is a Fabaceae-feeding species, the females of which readily oviposit on Albizia julibrissin and Lespedeza cuneata in mainland Japan. We previously demonstrated that the methanolic leaf extracts of these plants, and their highly polar aqueous fractions strongly elicit female oviposition. Furthermore, the three subfractions obtained by ion-exchange chromatographic separation of the aqueous fraction have been found to be less effective alone, but synergistically stimulate female oviposition when combined. This indicates that female butterflies respond to multiple compounds with different acidity. We have previously identified d-pinitol from the neutral/amphoteric subfractions and glycine betaine from the basic subfractions as oviposition stimulants of E. mandarina. The present study aimed to identify active compounds in the remaining acidic subfractions of A. julibrissin and L. cuneata leaf extracts. GC-MS analyses of trimethylsilyl-derivatized samples revealed the presence of six compounds in the acidic subfractions. In bioassays using these authentic chemicals, erythronic acid (EA) and threonic acid (TA) were moderately active in eliciting oviposition responses in E. mandarina, with their d-isomers showing slightly higher activity than their l-isomers. Female responsiveness differed between d-EA and l-TA, the major isomers of these compounds in plants, with the response to d-EA reaching a plateau at concentrations above 0.005% and that to l-TA peaking at a concentration of 0.01%. The natural concentrations of d-EA and l-TA in fresh A. julibrissin and L. cuneata leaves were sufficient to stimulate oviposition. Furthermore, mixing 0.001% d-EA or 0.001% l-TA, to which females are mostly unresponsive, with 0.1% d-pinitol resulted in a synergistic enhancement of the oviposition response. These findings demonstrate that E. mandarina females utilize both polyhydroxy acids, EA and TA, as chemical cues for oviposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Matsunaga
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 739- 8528, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoki Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 739- 8528, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuta Takatsuka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 739- 8528, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, 573-0101, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohta
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 739- 8528, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ômura
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 739- 8528, Higashihiroshima, Japan.
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Yoneya K, Miki T, Takabayashi J. Initial herbivory and exposure to herbivory-induced volatiles enhance arthropod species richness by diversifying community assemblages. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1031664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant ecological traits affect the species identity of plant-colonizing arthropods, which in turn induces species-specific trait changes in plants, forming feedback between plants and arthropods. Such feedback can amplify initial differences in species composition, leading to large variations (i.e., high β diversity). We hypothesized that the differences in plant initial conditions have sustained effects on arthropod community composition and species richness. To test this hypothesis, we monitored arthropod community assembly on a willow tree species, Salix eriocarpa, which was experimentally manipulated into three initial treatments: undamaged (in chamber 1); damaged by the specialist leaf beetle, Plagiodera versicolora (chamber 2); and “exposed” plants that were undamaged but were exposed to volatiles from damaged plants (in chamber 2). The arrival and population dynamics of the leaf beetle were affected by the plant’s initial condition (chamber 1 vs. 2), which could result from the microscale environmental heterogeneity between chambers (chamber effect) and/or from the herbivory-related impacts (direct herbivory and exposure to induced volatiles in chamber 2). The community composition on damaged and exposed plants became significantly different on day 32. In addition, the divergence in composition between plant individuals was significantly smaller in undamaged plants (chamber 1) than in damaged and exposed plants (chamber 2) on day 60. The compositional variations (β diversity) between chambers, between treatments, and between days, comprised a large proportion (two third) of the total species richness (γ diversity) in the whole community of arthropods. These results suggest that plant initial condition is a key driver of community assembly and the maintenance of species diversity.
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7
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Fonseca CR, Gossner MM, Kollmann J, Brändle M, Paterno GB. Insect herbivores drive sex allocation in angiosperm flowers. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2177-2188. [PMID: 35953880 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Why sex has evolved and is maintained is an open question in evolutionary biology. The Red Queen hypothesis predicts that host lineages subjected to more intense parasite pressure should invest more in sexual reproduction to continuously create novel defences against their rapidly evolving natural enemies. In this comparative study across the angiosperms, we show that hermaphrodite plant species associated with higher species richness of insect herbivores evolved flowers with higher biomass allocation towards the male sex, an indication of their greater outcrossing effort. This pattern remained robust after controlling for key vegetative, reproductive and biogeographical traits, suggesting that long-term herbivory pressure is a key factor driving the selfing-outcrossing gradient of higher plants. Although flower evolution is frequently associated with mutualistic pollinators, our findings support the Red Queen hypothesis and suggest that insect herbivores drive the sexual strategies of flowering plants and their genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Zurich, Switzerland.,Chair of Terrestrial Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Johannes Kollmann
- Chair of Restoration Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Brändle
- Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo Brant Paterno
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Chair of Restoration Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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8
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Balfour NJ, Ratnieks FLW. The disproportionate value of ‘weeds’ to pollinators and biodiversity. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Balfour
- Laboratory of Apiculture & Social Insects, School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Brighton UK
| | - Francis L. W. Ratnieks
- Laboratory of Apiculture & Social Insects, School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Brighton UK
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Lewinsohn TM, Almeida Neto M, Almeida A, Prado PI, Jorge LR. From insect-plant interactions to ecological networks. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2022-1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Since its inception, biodiversity has largely been understood as species diversity and assessed as such. Interactions among species or functional groups are gradually becoming part of an expanded concept of biodiversity. As a case study of the development of a research program in biodiversity, we summarize our multi-decade studies on interactions of Asteraceae and flowerhead-feeding insects in Brazil. Initially, host species were treated as independent replicates in order to assess the local and turnover components of their herbivore diversity. Research then expanded into sampling entire interactive communities of host plants and their associated herbivores in different localities and regions, enabling new research lines to be pursued. Interaction diversity could be assessed and factored into spatial and among-host components, suggesting a new field of interaction geography. Second, host specialization, a key component of interaction diversity, was reframed considering simultaneously relatedness and local availability of plant hosts. Third, with the influence of complex network theory, community-wide species interactions were probed for topological patterns. Having identified the modular structure of these plant-herbivore systems, later we demonstrated that they fit a compound hierarchical topology, in which interactions are nested within large-scale modules. In a brief survey of research funded by Fapesp, especially within the Biota-Fapesp program, we highlight several lines of internationally recognized research on interaction diversity, notably on plant-frugivore and plant-pollinator interactions, together with new theoretical models. The interplay of field studies with new theoretical and analytical approaches has established interaction diversity as an essential component for monitoring, conserving and restoring biodiversity in its broader sense.
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Carvajal Acosta AN, Mooney K. Effects of geographic variation in host plant resources for a specialist herbivore's contemporary and future distribution. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kailen Mooney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Irvine California USA
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11
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Strutzenberger P, Fiedler K. Central and Northern European caterpillar assemblages show strong phylogenetic structure. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Konrad Fiedler
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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12
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Yeo D, Srivathsan A, Puniamoorthy J, Maosheng F, Grootaert P, Chan L, Guénard B, Damken C, Wahab RA, Yuchen A, Meier R. Mangroves are an overlooked hotspot of insect diversity despite low plant diversity. BMC Biol 2021; 19:202. [PMID: 34521395 PMCID: PMC8442405 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The world's fast disappearing mangrove forests have low plant diversity and are often assumed to also have a species-poor insect fauna. We here compare the tropical arthropod fauna across a freshwater swamp and six different forest types (rain-, swamp, dry-coastal, urban, freshwater swamp, mangroves) based on 140,000 barcoded specimens belonging to ca. 8500 species. RESULTS We find that the globally imperiled habitat "mangroves" is an overlooked hotspot for insect diversity. Our study reveals a species-rich mangrove insect fauna (>3000 species in Singapore alone) that is distinct (>50% of species are mangrove-specific) and has high species turnover across Southeast and East Asia. For most habitats, plant diversity is a good predictor of insect diversity, but mangroves are an exception and compensate for a comparatively low number of phytophagous and fungivorous insect species by supporting an unusually rich community of predators whose larvae feed in the productive mudflats. For the remaining tropical habitats, the insect communities have diversity patterns that are largely congruent across guilds. CONCLUSIONS The discovery of such a sizeable and distinct insect fauna in a globally threatened habitat underlines how little is known about global insect biodiversity. We here show how such knowledge gaps can be closed quickly with new cost-effective NGS barcoding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science 8 Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Amrita Srivathsan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science 8 Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jayanthi Puniamoorthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science 8 Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Foo Maosheng
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore, 117377, Singapore
| | - Patrick Grootaert
- National Biodiversity Centre, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lena Chan
- International Biodiversity Conservation Division, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Benoit Guénard
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Claas Damken
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Universiti, BE1410, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Rodzay A Wahab
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Universiti, BE1410, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Ang Yuchen
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore, 117377, Singapore
| | - Rudolf Meier
- Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin, 10115, Germany.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science 8 Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Terrestrial insect herbivore communities of riparian zone in urban ecological river, Korea. JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC BIODIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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14
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Mertens D, Bouwmeester K, Poelman EH. Intraspecific variation in plant-associated herbivore communities is phylogenetically structured in Brassicaceae. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2314-2327. [PMID: 34331409 PMCID: PMC9291228 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As a result of co‐evolution between plants and herbivores, related plants often interact with similar herbivore communities. Variation in plant–herbivore interactions is determined by variation in underlying functional traits and by ecological and stochastic processes. Hence, typically, only a subset of possible interactions is realised on individual plants. We show that insect herbivore communities assembling on individual plants are structured by plant phylogeny among 12 species in two phylogenetic lineages of Brassicaceae. This community sorting to plant phylogeny was retained when splitting the community according to herbivore feeding guilds. Relative abundance of herbivores as well as the size of the community structured community dissimilarity among plant species. Importantly, the amount of intraspecific variation in realised plant–herbivore interactions is also phylogenetically structured. We argue that variability in realised interactions that are not directly structured by plant traits is ecologically relevant and must be considered in the evolution of plant defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Mertens
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Bouwmeester
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H Poelman
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Cognato AI, Smith SM, Jordal BH. Patterns of host tree use within a lineage of saproxlic snout-less weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Scolytini). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 159:107107. [PMID: 33609714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The influence of plants in the diversification of herbivorous insects, specifically those that utilize moribund and dead hosts, is little explored. Host shifts are expected because the effectiveness of toxic secondary chemicals is lessened by decay of dead plants. Feeding on dead plants also releases herbivorous insect lineages from diversifying within a particular plant lineage. Thus, phylogenetic constraints on the herbivorous insect lineage imposed by the host plants are diminished and repeated patterns of species diversification in an association with unrelated host trees is hypothesized (i.e., taxon cycle). Scolytini, a diverse weevil tribe, specialize on many different dead and moribund plant taxa as a source of food. These species and their hosts offer an opportunity to examine the association between dead host plants and the extent of phylogenetic constraints. A phylogeny of the Scolytini was reconstructed with likelihood and Bayesian analyses of DNA sequence data from nuclear (28S, CAD, ArgK) and mitochondrial (COI) genes. Ancestral host usage and geography was reconstructed using likelihood criteria and conservation of host use was tested. Results supported a monophyletic Scolytini, Ceratolepis, Loganius, and a paraphyletic Scolytus, Camptocerus and Cnemonyx. Diversification of the Scolytini generally occurred well after their host taxa diversified and suggests a sequential evolution of host use. In this scenario the beetle imposes little selection pressure on the tree but the tree provides a platform for beetle evolution. Major changes in host tree use occurred during periods of global cooling associated with changes in beetle biogeography. Diversification of beetles occurred on common and widespread hosts and there was likely a single origination of conifer-feeding from angiosperm-feeding species during the early Pliocene and a radiation of beetle species from the Palearctic to the Nearctic. Overall, the observed patterns of Scolytini host use are conserved and are similar to those expected in a taxon pulse diversification. That is, after a host switch to an unrelated tree, the beetles diversify within the host plant lineage. The need to locate an ephemeral food resource, i.e., a dying tree, likely maintains host specificity once a host shift occurs. These findings suggest that characteristics of dead and moribund host plants (e.g. secondary chemicals) influence the diversification of these saproxlic weevils despite the reduction of selection pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony I Cognato
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, Room 243, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Sarah M Smith
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, Room 243, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Bjarte H Jordal
- Natural History Museum, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway.
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16
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Zhao J, Segar ST, McKey D, Chen J. Macroevolution of defense syndromes in
Ficus
(Moraceae). ECOL MONOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla Yunnan666303China
| | - Simon T. Segar
- Department of Crop and Environment Sciences Harper Adams University NewportTF10 8NBUnited Kingdom
| | - Doyle McKey
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175 CNRS–University of Montpellier–University Paul–Valéry–EPHE–SupAgro Montpellier–INRA–IRD Montpellier34293France
| | - Jin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla Yunnan666303China
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17
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Adroit B, Zhuang X, Wappler T, Terral JF, Wang B. A case of long-term herbivory: specialized feeding trace on Parrotia (Hamamelidaceae) plant species. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:201449. [PMID: 33204482 PMCID: PMC7657907 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between plants and insects evolved during millions of years of coevolution and maintain the trophic balance of terrestrial ecosystems. Documenting insect damage types (DT) on fossil leaves is essential for understanding the evolution of plant-insect interactions and for understanding the effects of major environmental changes on ecosystem structure. However, research focusing on palaeoherbivory is still sparse and only a tiny fraction of fossil leaf collections have been analysed. This study documents a type of insect damage found exclusively on the leaves of Parrotia species (Hamamelidaceae). This DT was identified on Parrotia leaves from Willershausen (Germany, Pliocene) and from Shanwang (China, Miocene) and on their respective endemic modern relatives: Parrotia perisca in the Hyrcanian forests (Iran) and Parrotia subaequalis in the Yixing forest (China). Our study demonstrates that this insect DT persisted over at least 15 Myr spanning eastern Asia to western Europe. Against expectations, more examples of this type of herbivory were identified on the fossil leaves than on the modern examples. This mismatch may suggest a decline of this specialized plant-insect interaction owing to the contraction of Parrotia populations in Eurasia during the late Cenozoic. However, the continuous presence of this DT demonstrates a robust and long-term plant-herbivore association, and provides new evidence for a shared biogeographic history of the two host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Adroit
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Jean-Frederic Terral
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR5554 Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
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18
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Diez F, Coscarón MDC. Roles of the environment, vegetation and spatial structure in the species composition of the Heteroptera community. SYST BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1737844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Diez
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa CONICET, Uruguay 151, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, L6300CLB, Argentina
| | - MaríA Del Carmen Coscarón
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, División Entomología, Universidad Nacional de La Plata CONICET, Paseo del Bosque s/n 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Araújo WSD, Moreira LT, Falcão LAD, Borges MAZ, Fagundes M, Faria MLD, Guimarães Guilherme FA. Superhost Plants Alter the Structure of Plant-Galling Insect Networks in Neotropical Savannas. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100369. [PMID: 31554312 PMCID: PMC6843997 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Host plants may harbor a variable number of galling insect species, with some species being able to harbor a high diversity of these insects, being therefore called superhost plants. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the occurrence of superhost plant species of genus Qualea (Vochysiaceae) affects the structure of plant–galling insect ecological networks in Brazilian Cerrado. We sampled a total of 1882 plants grouped in 131 species and 43 families, of which 64 species and 31 families of host plants hosted 112 galling insect species. Our results showed that occurrence of superhosts of genus Qualea increased the linkage density of plant species, number of observed interactions, and the size of plant–galling insect networks and negatively affected the network connectance (but had no effect on the residual connectance). Although the occurrence of Qualea species did not affect the plant species richness, these superhosts increased the species richness and the number of interactions of galling insects. Our study represents a step forward in relation to previous studies that investigated the effects of plant diversity on the plant–insect networks, showing that few superhost plant species alter the structure of plant–herbivore networks, even without having a significant effect on plant diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Santos de Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Leuzeny Teixeira Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Alberto Dolabela Falcão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Magno Augusto Zazá Borges
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Marcílio Fagundes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Maurício Lopes de Faria
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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20
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Rego C, Boieiro M, Rigal F, Ribeiro SP, Cardoso P, Borges PAV. Taxonomic and functional diversity of insect herbivore assemblages associated with the canopy-dominant trees of the Azorean native forest. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219493. [PMID: 31306456 PMCID: PMC6629062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oceanic islands have been providing important insights on the structuring of ecological communities and, under the context of the present biodiversity crisis, they are paramount to assess the effects of biological invasions on community assembly. In this study we compare the taxonomic and functional diversity of insect herbivore assemblages associated with the dominant tree species of Azorean native forests and investigate the ecological processes that may have originated current patterns of plant-herbivore associations. Five dominant trees-Erica azorica, Ilex perado subsp. azorica, Juniperus brevifolia, Laurus azorica and Vaccinium cylindraceum-were sampled in the remnants of the native forest of Terceira Island (Azores) using a standardised methodology. The taxonomic and functional diversity of insect herbivore assemblages was assessed using complementary metrics and beta diversity partitioning analysis (species replacement and richness differences) aiming to evaluate the variation in insect herbivore assemblages within and between the study plant species. Sixty two insect species, mostly bugs (Hemiptera) and caterpillars (Lepidoptera), were found in the five study plants with indigenous (endemic and native non-endemic) insects occurring with higher species richness and abundance than introduced ones. Species replacement was the most important component of insect herbivore taxonomic beta diversity while differences in trait richness played a major role on functional beta diversity. The endemic E. azorica stands out from the other study plants by having associated a very distinct insect herbivore assemblage with a particular set of functional attributes, mainly composed by large bodied and long shaped species that feed by chewing. Despite the progressive biotic homogenization witnessed in the Azores during the last few decades, several strong associations between the endemic trees and their indigenous insect herbivores remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rego
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Mário Boieiro
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
| | - François Rigal
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
- CNRS-Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, MIRA, Environment and Microbiology Team, UMR 5254, BP, Pau Cedex, France
| | - Sérvio P. Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Evolutionay Ecology of Canopy Insects and Natural Succession/Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paulo A. V. Borges
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
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21
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Prather CM, Belovsky GE. Herbivore and detritivore effects on rainforest plant production are altered by disturbance. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:7652-7659. [PMID: 31346429 PMCID: PMC6635927 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumer effects on rainforest primary production are often considered negligible because herbivores and macrodetritivores usually consume a small fraction of annual plant and litter production, even though consumers are known to have effects on plant production and composition in nontropical systems. Disturbances, such as treefall gaps, however, often increase resources to understory food webs, thereby increasing herbivory and feeding rates of detritivores. This increase in consumption could lead to more prominent ecosystem-level effects of consumers after disturbances, such as storms that cause light gaps. We determined how the effects of invertebrate herbivores (walking sticks) and detritivores (litter snails) on understory plant growth may be altered by disturbances in a Puerto Rican rainforest using an enclosure experiment. Consumers had significant effects on plant growth, but only in light gaps. Specifically, herbivores increased plant growth by 60%, and there was a trend for detritivores to reduce plant growth. Additionally, plant biomass tended to be 50% higher with both consumers in combination, suggesting that herbivores may mediate the effects of detritivores by altering the resources available to detritivore food webs. This study demonstrates that disturbance alters the effects of rainforest consumers, and, furthermore, that consumer activity has the potential to change rainforest successional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelse M. Prather
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana
- Department of BiologyUniversity of DaytonDaytonOhio
| | - Gary E. Belovsky
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana
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22
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Ntiri ES, Calatayud PA, Van den Berg J, Le Ru BP. Spatio-Temporal Interactions Between Maize Lepidopteran Stemborer Communities and Possible Implications From the Recent Invasion of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Sub-Saharan Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:573-582. [PMID: 30951582 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spatio-temporal dynamics of multi-species pest communities and the interactions between them influence the structure of pest complex that attack crops. In East and Southern Africa, cereal crops, especially maize, is attacked by a complex of lepidopteran stemborer species made up of Busseola fusca (Fuller) and Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). There is inadequate information on the extent of single- and multi-species infestations by this pest complex, their current spatio-temporal variations, and the primary abiotic factors that influence these. Furthermore, the recent invasion of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, in sub-Saharan Africa will likely influence this stemborer community structure. Sampling was conducted in maize fields to record stemborer species and larval numbers from infested plants, in 28 localities found in six agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Kenya and parts of Tanzania, as well as in one locality in the mid-altitudes where the three stemborer species occurred together. Both single- and multi-species stemborer communities characterized infestation of maize at field and plant levels, but varied in proportions between the AEZs. Infestation patterns and larval densities varied between seasons at mid-locality stemborer communities followed a clustered distribution pattern. Temperature was the most significant abiotic factor influencing the composition of stemborer communities at all spatial scales. Rainfall was significant only at the local scale. Results are discussed in relation to current stemborer community structures in maize fields and what the likely potential implications are, in the light of climate change and the recent establishment of the fall armyworm in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Siaw Ntiri
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- IPM Program, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Paul-Andre Calatayud
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie, Mixte Laboratory (UMR 9191 of CNRS, IRD, University Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay), Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Johnnie Van den Berg
- IPM Program, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Bruno Pierre Le Ru
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie, Mixte Laboratory (UMR 9191 of CNRS, IRD, University Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay), Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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23
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Boege K, Villa‐Galaviz E, López‐Carretero A, Pérez‐Ishiwara R, Zaldivar‐Riverón A, Ibarra A, del‐Val E. Temporal variation in the influence of forest succession on caterpillar communities: A long‐term study in a tropical dry forest. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Boege
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Edith Villa‐Galaviz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y SustentabilidadUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia México
| | - Antonio López‐Carretero
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
- Centro GEMA de Genómica, Ecología y Medio Ambiente Universidad Mayor Santiago Chile
| | - Rubén Pérez‐Ishiwara
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Alejandro Zaldivar‐Riverón
- Colección Nacional de Insectos Instituto de BiologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Adolfo Ibarra
- Instituto de BiologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Ek del‐Val
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y SustentabilidadUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia México
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad MoreliaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia México
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24
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Volf M, Salminen JP, Segar ST. Evolution of defences in large tropical plant genera: perspectives for exploring insect diversity in a tri-trophic context. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 32:91-97. [PMID: 31113638 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Divergence and escalation in defences promote chemical diversity in plants, and consequently the diversity of insect herbivores. This diversification cascades to insect parasitoids through direct effects on host herbivore susceptibility, changes in herbivore community composition, or disparity in plant volatiles. Large tropical plant genera represent an ideal model for studying these trends due to the high diversity of sympatric species and their insects. Novel measures of chemical structural similarity should be used to analyse evolutionary trends in both direct and indirect defences. Host chemical data need to be combined with detailed herbivore and parasitoid data. This will help to identify truly active compounds. Furthermore, resolved genomic phylogenies for plants and insects should be included to assign directionality in the processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Volf
- Molecular Interaction Ecology Group, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Simon T Segar
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Crop and Environment Sciences, Harper Adams University, UK
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25
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Barantal S, Castagneyrol B, Durka W, Iason G, Morath S, Koricheva J. Contrasting effects of tree species and genetic diversity on the leaf-miner communities associated with silver birch. Oecologia 2019; 189:687-697. [PMID: 30799514 PMCID: PMC6418074 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Both species and genetic diversity of plant communities can affect insect herbivores, but a few studies have compared the effects of both diversity levels within the same experimental context. We compared the effects of tree species and genetic diversity on abundance, species richness, and β-diversity of leaf-miner communities associated with silver birch using two long-term forest diversity experiments in Finland where birch trees were planted in monocultures and mixtures of birch genotypes or other trees species. Although both abundance and species richness of leaf miners differed among birch genotypes at the tree level, birch genetic diversity had no significant effect on miner abundance and species richness at the plot level. Instead, birch genetic diversity affected leaf-miner β-diversity with species turnover being higher among trees within genotypic mixtures than among trees within monoclonal plots. In contrast, tree species diversity had a significant negative effect on both leaf-miner abundance and species richness at plot level, but no effect on miner β-diversity. Significant tree species diversity effects on leaf-miner abundance and species richness were found only in plots with high tree density. We have demonstrated that plant species and genetic diversity play important but contrasting roles in structuring associated herbivore communities. Tree species diversity largely affects miner abundance and species richness, whereas tree genetic diversity affects miner β-diversity. These results have important implications for conservation and management of woodlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Barantal
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK. .,Ecotron-CNRS, 1 Chemin du Rioux, 34980, Monferrier, France.
| | | | - Walter Durka
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Glenn Iason
- James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Simon Morath
- Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, GU10 4LH, UK
| | - Julia Koricheva
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
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26
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Gerhold P, Carlucci MB, Procheş Ş, Prinzing A. The Deep Past Controls the Phylogenetic Structure of Present, Local Communities. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Coexisting species may be evolutionarily proximate or distant, resulting in phylogenetically poor or rich communities. This variation is often considered to result from present assembly processes. We argue that, under certain conditions, deep-past processes might control the phylogenetic diversity of communities. First, deep-past effects involve macroevolutionary processes, such as diversification rate, niche conservatism, or dispersal, in the lineages that constitute communities. Second, deep-past processes in the respective region or in the habitat type play a role, for instance, through age, area, stability, or connectivity. Third, the deep past may affect communities via trophic interactions (i.e., communities of enemies or mutualists or communities of hosts). We suggest that deep-past effects can be identified in local communities by measuring phylogenetic diversity in different species pools. We also show how community phylogenetic diversity results in positive or negative eco-evolutionary feedback, and we identify present-day conservation challenges that may profit from a deep-time perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pille Gerhold
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Marcos B. Carlucci
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81531–980, Brazil
| | - Şerban Procheş
- Discipline of Geography, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Andreas Prinzing
- Research Unit “Ecosystèmes Biodiversité, Evolution,” University of Rennes 1, CNRS UMR 6553 “Ecobio,” Rennes 35042, France
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27
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Fagundes M, Xavier RCF, Faria ML, Lopes LGO, Cuevas‐Reyes P, Reis‐Junior R. Plant phenological asynchrony and community structure of gall-inducing insects associated with a tropical tree species. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:10687-10697. [PMID: 30519398 PMCID: PMC6262721 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of occurrence of target organs in plant populations produces windows of opportunity that directly and indirectly affect the structure of herbivore communities. However, mechanisms that drive herbivore specialization between resource patches are still poorly known. In this study, we tested three hypotheses related to variation in host plant phenology and community structure (i.e., composition, richness, and abundance) of gall-forming species: (a) plants with early leaf-flushing in the season will have greater vegetative growth and high contents of secondary chemical compounds; (b) gall-inducing insect community structure changes among temporary resource patches of the host; and (c) interspecific competition is a probable mechanism that drives gall-inducing insect community structure on Copaifera langsdorffii. We monitored daily a total of 102 individuals of the super-host C. langsdorffii from August 2012 to May 2013, to characterize the leaf flushing time of each host plant. The leaf flushing time had a positive relationship with the number of folioles per branch and a negative relationship with branch growth. We sampled a total of 4,906 galls belonging to 24 gall-inducing insect species from 102 individuals of C. langsdorffii. In spite of some gall-inducing species presented high abundance on early leaf-flushing plants, direct and indirect effects of plant phenology on galling insect abundance was species dependent. At the community level, our study revealed that the quality and quantity of plant resources did not affect the richness and abundance of gall-inducing insects associated with C. langsdorffii. However, the richness and composition of gall-inducing species varied according to the variation in leaf flushing time of the host plant. The results of null model analysis showed that galls co-occurrence on C. langsdorffii trees differ more than expected by chance and that interspecific competition can be one potential mechanism structuring this gall-inducing insect community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcilio Fagundes
- Departamento de Biologia GeralCCBSPrograma de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos NaturaisUniversidade Estadual de Montes ClarosMontes ClarosMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Renata Cristiane Ferreira Xavier
- Departamento de Biologia GeralCCBSPrograma de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos NaturaisUniversidade Estadual de Montes ClarosMontes ClarosMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Maurício Lopes Faria
- Departamento de Biologia GeralCCBSPrograma de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos NaturaisUniversidade Estadual de Montes ClarosMontes ClarosMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Laura Giovanna Oliveira Lopes
- Departamento de Biologia GeralCCBSPrograma de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos NaturaisUniversidade Estadual de Montes ClarosMontes ClarosMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Pablo Cuevas‐Reyes
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Interacciones BióticasFacultad de BiologíaUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoMoreliaMichoacánMéxico
| | - Ronaldo Reis‐Junior
- Departamento de Biologia GeralCCBSPrograma de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos NaturaisUniversidade Estadual de Montes ClarosMontes ClarosMinas GeraisBrazil
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Mukherjee S, Banerjee S, Basu P, Saha GK, Aditya G. Butterfly-plant network in urban landscape: Implication for conservation and urban greening. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Morales-Silva T, Maia LF, Martins AL, Modesto-Zampieron SL. Herbivore, parasitoid and hyperparasitoid insects associated with fruits and seeds of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong (Fabaceae). BRAZ J BIOL 2018; 79:369-376. [PMID: 30231136 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.170105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to inventory the herbivore insects associated with Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong (Fabaceae) fruits and seeds and their primary and secondary parasitoids. Six samples collected between May and October 2013 yielded 210 fruits, from which 326 insects of six orders emerged: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera and Psocoptera. Coleoptera (five families) was represented by the seed consumers Merobruchus bicoloripes Pic, Stator sp. Bridwell (Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), two species of Silvanidae, one species of Scolytinae (Curculionidae), one species of Nitidulidae and one species of Cerambycidae. The cerambycid was also observed forming galleries on fruit mesocarp. Immature individuals of Lepidoptera were observed consuming the fruits and seeds. From the seven Hymenoptera families, only two species were associated with Coleoptera, being Horismenus Walker sp. (Eulophidae) as parasitoid of M. bicoloripes, and Neoheterospilus falcatus (Marsh) (Braconidae) as parasitoid of Scolytinae. The Lepidoptera parasitoids represented four genera: Pseudophanerotoma Zetel, Chelonus Panzer (Braconidae), Orgilus Nees (Braconidae) and Goniozus Forster (Bethylidae). The host associations for the reared parasitoids Bracon Fabricius (Braconidae), Pimplinae sp. (Ichneumonidae) and Perilampus Forster (Perilampidae) were not confirmed. We obtained a single representative of Diptera (Tachinidae) associated with Lepidoptera hosts in this food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Morales-Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, CP 3037, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - L F Maia
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, CP 3037, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - A L Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Entomologia, Laboratório de Biologia Comparada de Hymenoptera, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, CP 19020, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - S L Modesto-Zampieron
- Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais - UEMG, Avenida Juca Stockler, 1130, Bairro Belo Horizonte, CEP 37900-106, Passos, MG, Brasil
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30
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Lepesqueur C, Scherrer S, Vieira MC, Almeida-Neto M, Salcido DM, Dyer LA, Diniz IR. Changing interactions among persistent species as the major driver of seasonal turnover in plant-caterpillar interactions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203164. [PMID: 30188923 PMCID: PMC6126867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
β diversity of herbivorous insects in the tropics is usually very high, and there is often strong dissimilarity in herbivore species composition across different spatial scales and different abiotic gradients. Similarly, turnover is high for trophic interactions between herbivorous insects and their host plants. Two factors have been proposed to explain temporal or spatial differences in trophic interactions: changes in species composition and temporal changes in the behavior of shared species. The goal of this study was to evaluate determinants of high β diversity of trophic interactions between lepidopteran caterpillars and their host plants across dry and rainy seasons and their transitions. Over the course of a year, interaction diversity data were collected from 275 temporary plots in Cerrado vegetation, comprising 257 species of caterpillars, 137 species of host plants and 503 different trophic interactions. All these diversity parameters varied across seasons. Species assemblages of caterpillars and plants were different among the four seasons, and there was a high turnover of interactions between the seasons. The high temporal β diversity of trophic interactions was mostly due to interaction rewiring between co-occurring species, as opposed to changes in species composition over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Lepesqueur
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Scheila Scherrer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, CEP, Brasília, DF, Brasil
- Sistema Colégio Militar do Brasil, Colégio Militar de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Marcos C. Vieira
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CEP, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Mário Almeida-Neto
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CEP, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Danielle M. Salcido
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Lee A. Dyer
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ivone R. Diniz
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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Prather CM, Laws AN, Cuellar JF, Reihart RW, Gawkins KM, Pennings SC. Seeking salt: herbivorous prairie insects can be co-limited by macronutrients and sodium. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1467-1476. [PMID: 30039540 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The canonical factors typically thought to determine herbivore community structure often explain only a small fraction of the variation in herbivore abundance and diversity. We tested how macronutrients and relatively understudied micronutrients interacted to influence the structure of insect herbivore (orthopteran) communities. We conducted a factorial fertilisation experiment manipulating macronutrients (N and P, added together) and micronutrients (Ca, Na and K) in large plots (30 × 30 m2 ) in a Texas coastal prairie. Although no single or combination of micronutrients affected herbivore communities in the absence of additional macronutrients, macronutrients and sodium added together increased herbivore abundance by 60%, richness by 15% and diversity by 20%. These results represent the first large-scale manipulation of single micronutrients and macronutrients in concert, and revealed an herbivore community co-limited by macronutrients and Na. Our work supports an emerging paradigm that Na may be important in limiting herbivore communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelse M Prather
- Department of Biology, Radford University, Radford, VA, 46556, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
| | - Angela N Laws
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.,The Xerces Society, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
| | - Juan F Cuellar
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Ryan W Reihart
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
| | | | - Steven C Pennings
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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Robinson ML, Strauss SY. Cascading effects of soil type on assemblage size and structure in a diverse herbivore community. Ecology 2018; 99:1866-1877. [PMID: 29846941 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Soil type is understudied as a driver of herbivore community size and structure across host plants. This study extends predictions of resource availability hypotheses to understand how soil types of different resource levels alter plant resistance and structure of herbivore assemblages. In this 2-yr study we use seven dominant chaparral shrub species that grow across a natural mosaic of low and high resource soils to explore effects of soil type on plant resistance, and relate these soil-based differences in resistance to the abundance and diversity of the larval lepidopteran community. We show that growing on low-resource soils increases plant resistance, as measured by herbivore performance, both within and across host plant species, and that resistance may be driven by variation in plant nutritive and defensive traits. We then show that more resistant plants on low-resource soils host less abundant and less diverse herbivore assemblages across a natural soil mosaic in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moria L Robinson
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, 2320 Storer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Sharon Y Strauss
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, 2320 Storer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, 2320 Storer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
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Conserved community structure and simultaneous divergence events in the fig wasps associated with Ficus benjamina in Australia and China. BMC Ecol 2018; 18:13. [PMID: 29615023 PMCID: PMC5883542 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-018-0167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Localised patterns of species diversity can be influenced by many factors, including regional species pools, biogeographic features and interspecific interactions. Despite recognition of these issues, we still know surprisingly little about how invertebrate biodiversity is structured across geographic scales. In particular, there have been few studies of how insect communities vary geographically while using the same plant host. We compared the composition (species, genera) and functional structure (guilds) of the chalcid wasp communities associated with the widespread fig tree, Ficus benjamina, towards the northern (Hainan province, China) and southern (Queensland, Australia) edges of its natural range. Sequence data were generated for nuclear and mtDNA markers and used to delimit species, and Bayesian divergence analyses were used to test patterns of community cohesion through evolutionary time. Results Both communities host at least 14 fig wasp species, but no species are shared across continents. Community composition is similar at the genus level, with six genera shared although some differ in species diversity between China and Australia; a further three genera occur in only China or Australia. Community functional structure remains very similar in terms of numbers of species in each ecological guild despite community composition differing a little (genera) or a lot (species), depending on taxonomic level. Bayesian clustering analyses favour a single community divergence event across continents over multiple events for different ecological guilds. Molecular dating estimates of lineage splits between nearest inter-continental species pairs are broadly consistent with a scenario of synchronous community divergence from a shared “ancestral community”. Conclusions Fig wasp community structure and genus-level composition are largely conserved in a wide geographic comparison between China and Australia. Moreover, dating analyses suggest that the functional community structure has remained stable for long periods during historic range expansions. This suggests that ecological interactions between species may play a persistent role in shaping these communities, in contrast to findings in some comparable temperate systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12898-018-0167-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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de Araújo WS, Daud RD. Contrasting structures of plant-mite networks compounded by phytophagous and predatory mite species. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2018; 74:335-346. [PMID: 29569075 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Differences in the feeding habits between phytophagous and predatory species can determine distinct ecological interactions between mites and their host plants. Herein, plant-mite networks were constructed using available literature on plant-dwelling mites from Brazilian natural vegetation in order to contrast phytophagous and predatory mite networks. The structural patterns of plant-mite networks were described through network specialization (connectance) and modularity. A total of 187 mite species, 65 host plant species and 646 interactions were recorded in 14 plant-mite networks. Phytophagous networks included 96 mite species, 61 host plants and 277 interactions, whereas predatory networks contained 91 mite species, 54 host plants and 369 interactions. No differences in the species richness of mites and host plants were observed between phytophagous and predatory networks. However, plant-mite networks composed of phytophagous mites showed lower connectance and higher modularity when compared to the predatory mite networks. The present results corroborate the hypothesis that trophic networks are more specialized than commensalistic networks, given that the phytophagous species must deal with plant defenses, in contrast to predatory mites which only inhabit and forage for resources on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Santos de Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, 39401-089, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Damasco Daud
- Laboratory of Acarology, Department of Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
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35
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Graf LV, Barbieri F, Sperb E, Soares Rivaldo D, de A. Moura L, B. da Silveira RM, A. Reck M, Nogueira-de-Sá F. Factors affecting the structure of Coleoptera assemblages on bracket fungi (Basidiomycota) in a Brazilian forest. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia V. Graf
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia; Departamento de Ecologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 91501-970 Porto Alegre RS Brasil
| | - Fabrícia Barbieri
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Interações; Departamento de Ecologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 91501-970 Porto Alegre Brasil
| | - Edilena Sperb
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Interações; Departamento de Ecologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 91501-970 Porto Alegre Brasil
| | - Daniela Soares Rivaldo
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Interações; Departamento de Ecologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 91501-970 Porto Alegre Brasil
| | - Luciano de A. Moura
- Seção de Zoologia de Invertebrados, Museu de Ciências Naturais; Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul; Rua Dr. Salvador França, 1427 90690-000 Porto Alegre RS Brasil
| | - Rosa Mara B. da Silveira
- Laboratório de Micologia; Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 91501-970 Porto Alegre Brasil
| | - Mateus A. Reck
- Laboratório de Micologia; Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 91501-970 Porto Alegre Brasil
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Maia LF, Nascimento AR, Faria LDB. Four years host–parasitoid food web: testing sampling effort on trophic levels. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2018.1428042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laís F. Maia
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - André R. Nascimento
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas D. B. Faria
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
- Setor de Ecologia e Conservação, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
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37
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Distribution breadth and species turnover of night-flying beetles and moths on different mainland and island mountains. Ecol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-017-1555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Segar ST, Volf M, Isua B, Sisol M, Redmond CM, Rosati ME, Gewa B, Molem K, Dahl C, Holloway JD, Basset Y, Miller SE, Weiblen GD, Salminen JP, Novotny V. Variably hungry caterpillars: predictive models and foliar chemistry suggest how to eat a rainforest. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:20171803. [PMID: 29118136 PMCID: PMC5698651 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-term goal in evolutionary ecology is to explain the incredible diversity of insect herbivores and patterns of host plant use in speciose groups like tropical Lepidoptera. Here, we used standardized food-web data, multigene phylogenies of both trophic levels and plant chemistry data to model interactions between Lepidoptera larvae (caterpillars) from two lineages (Geometridae and Pyraloidea) and plants in a species-rich lowland rainforest in New Guinea. Model parameters were used to make and test blind predictions for two hectares of an exhaustively sampled forest. For pyraloids, we relied on phylogeny alone and predicted 54% of species-level interactions, translating to 79% of all trophic links for individual insects, by sampling insects from only 15% of local woody plant diversity. The phylogenetic distribution of host-plant associations in polyphagous geometrids was less conserved, reducing accuracy. In a truly quantitative food web, only 40% of pair-wise interactions were described correctly in geometrids. Polyphenol oxidative activity (but not protein precipitation capacity) was important for understanding the occurrence of geometrids (but not pyraloids) across their hosts. When both foliar chemistry and plant phylogeny were included, we predicted geometrid-plant occurrence with 89% concordance. Such models help to test macroevolutionary hypotheses at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T Segar
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Volf
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Brus Isua
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, PO Box 604 Madang, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Mentap Sisol
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, PO Box 604 Madang, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Conor M Redmond
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Margaret E Rosati
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - Bradley Gewa
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, PO Box 604 Madang, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Kenneth Molem
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, PO Box 604 Madang, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Chris Dahl
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jeremy D Holloway
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Yves Basset
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Scott E Miller
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - George D Weiblen
- Bell Museum of Natural History and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108-1095, USA
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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Volf M, Segar ST, Miller SE, Isua B, Sisol M, Aubona G, Šimek P, Moos M, Laitila J, Kim J, Zima J, Rota J, Weiblen GD, Wossa S, Salminen JP, Basset Y, Novotny V. Community structure of insect herbivores is driven by conservatism, escalation and divergence of defensive traits in Ficus. Ecol Lett 2017; 21:83-92. [PMID: 29143434 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Escalation (macroevolutionary increase) or divergence (disparity between relatives) in trait values are two frequent outcomes of the plant-herbivore arms race. We studied the defences and caterpillars associated with 21 sympatric New Guinean figs. Herbivore generalists were concentrated on hosts with low protease and oxidative activity. The distribution of specialists correlated with phylogeny, protease and trichomes. Additionally, highly specialised Asota moths used alkaloid rich plants. The evolution of proteases was conserved, alkaloid diversity has escalated across the studied species, oxidative activity has escalated within one clade, and trichomes have diverged across the phylogeny. Herbivore specificity correlated with their response to host defences: escalating traits largely affected generalists and divergent traits specialists; but the effect of escalating traits on extreme specialists was positive. In turn, the evolution of defences in Ficus can be driven towards both escalation and divergence in individual traits, in combination providing protection against a broad spectrum of herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Volf
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Simon T Segar
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Scott E Miller
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th St. & Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, 20560, DC, USA
| | - Brus Isua
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, P.O. Box 604, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Mentap Sisol
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, P.O. Box 604, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Gibson Aubona
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, P.O. Box 604, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Petr Šimek
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Moos
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Juuso Laitila
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Kim
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Jan Zima
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelska 135, Trebon, 37982, Czech Republic
| | - Jadranka Rota
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - George D Weiblen
- Bell Museum and Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 250 Biological Science Center, 1445 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, 55108, MN, USA
| | - Stewart Wossa
- Centre for Natural Resources Research and Development, University of Goroka, Goroka, P.O Box 1078, Eastern Highland Province, Papua New Guinea
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Yves Basset
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panamá.,Maestria de Entomologia, Universidad de Panama, 080814, Panama City, Panama
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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40
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Phylogenetic trophic specialization: a robust comparison of herbivorous guilds. Oecologia 2017; 185:551-559. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3980-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Schuldt A, Hönig L, Li Y, Fichtner A, Härdtle W, von Oheimb G, Welk E, Bruelheide H. Herbivore and pathogen effects on tree growth are additive, but mediated by tree diversity and plant traits. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:7462-7474. [PMID: 28944031 PMCID: PMC5606881 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbivores and fungal pathogens are key drivers of plant community composition and functioning. The effects of herbivores and pathogens are mediated by the diversity and functional characteristics of their host plants. However, the combined effects of herbivory and pathogen damage, and their consequences for plant performance, have not yet been addressed in the context of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research. We analyzed the relationships between herbivory, fungal pathogen damage and their effects on tree growth in a large‐scale forest‐biodiversity experiment. Moreover, we tested whether variation in leaf trait and climatic niche characteristics among tree species influenced these relationships. We found significant positive effects of herbivory on pathogen damage, and vice versa. These effects were attenuated by tree species richness—because herbivory increased and pathogen damage decreased with increasing richness—and were most pronounced for species with soft leaves and narrow climatic niches. However, herbivory and pathogens had contrasting, independent effects on tree growth, with pathogens decreasing and herbivory increasing growth. The positive herbivory effects indicate that trees might be able to (over‐)compensate for local damage at the level of the whole tree. Nevertheless, we found a dependence of these effects on richness, leaf traits and climatic niche characteristics of the tree species. This could mean that the ability for compensation is influenced by both biodiversity loss and tree species identity—including effects of larger‐scale climatic adaptations that have been rarely considered in this context. Our results suggest that herbivory and pathogens have additive but contrasting effects on tree growth. Considering effects of both herbivory and pathogens may thus help to better understand the net effects of damage on tree performance in communities differing in diversity. Moreover, our study shows how species richness and species characteristics (leaf traits and climatic niches) can modify tree growth responses to leaf damage under real‐world conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schuldt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany.,Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg Halle Germany
| | - Lydia Hönig
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg Halle Germany
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Ecology Leuphana University Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany
| | - Andreas Fichtner
- Institute of Ecology Leuphana University Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany
| | - Werner Härdtle
- Institute of Ecology Leuphana University Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany
| | - Goddert von Oheimb
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany.,Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection Technische Universität Dresden Tharandt Germany
| | - Erik Welk
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany.,Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg Halle Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany.,Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg Halle Germany
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42
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Bastazini VAG, Ferreira PMA, Azambuja BO, Casas G, Debastiani VJ, Guimarães PR, Pillar VD. Untangling the Tangled Bank: A Novel Method for Partitioning the Effects of Phylogenies and Traits on Ecological Networks. Evol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-017-9409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Kemp JE, Ellis AG. Significant Local-Scale Plant-Insect Species Richness Relationship Independent of Abiotic Effects in the Temperate Cape Floristic Region Biodiversity Hotspot. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168033. [PMID: 28076412 PMCID: PMC5226791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally plant species richness is a significant predictor of insect richness. Whether this is the result of insect diversity responding directly to plant diversity, or both groups responding in similar ways to extrinsic factors, has been much debated. Here we assess this relationship in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), a biodiversity hotspot. The CFR has higher plant diversity than expected from latitude (i.e., abiotic conditions), but very little is known about the diversity of insects residing in this region. We first quantify diversity relationships at multiple spatial scales for one of the dominant plant families in the CFR, the Restionaceae, and its associated insect herbivore community. Plant and insect diversity are significantly positively correlated at the local scales (10–50 m; 0.1–3 km), but not at the regional scales (15–20 km; 50–70 km). The local scale relationship remains significantly positively correlated even when accounting for the influence of extrinsic variables and other vegetation attributes. This suggests that the diversity of local insect assemblages may be more strongly influenced by plant species richness than by abiotic variables. Further, vegetation age and plant structural complexity also influenced insect richness. The ratio of insect species per plant species in the CFR is comparable to other temperate regions around the world, suggesting that the insect diversity of the CFR is high relative to other areas of the globe with similar abiotic conditions, primarily as a result of the unusually high plant diversity in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurene E. Kemp
- Botany and Zoology Department, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- * E-mail: (JEK); (AGE)
| | - Allan G. Ellis
- Botany and Zoology Department, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- * E-mail: (JEK); (AGE)
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44
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The successional pathway of the tree community and how it shapes the fruit-feeding butterfly community in an Afrotropical forest. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467416000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:The relative importance of different bottom-up-mediated effects in shaping insect communities in tropical secondary forests are poorly understood. Here, we explore the roles of vegetation structure, forest age, local topography (valley vs. hill top) and soil variables in predicting fruit-feeding butterfly and tree community composition, and tree community composition in predicting fruit-feeding butterfly community composition, in different-aged naturally regenerating and primary forests of Kibale National Park, Uganda. We also examine which variables are best predictors of fruit-feeding butterfly species richness or diversity. Butterflies (88 species) were sampled with a banana-baited trap and trees (98 taxa) with a 40 × 20-m sampling plot at 80 sampling sites. The environmental variables explained 31% of the variation in the tree community composition, the best predictors being local topography, forest age and cover of Acanthus pubescens (a shrub possibly arresting succession). The fruit-feeding butterfly community composition was better predicted by tree community composition (explaining 10% of the variation) rather than vegetation structure, local topography or soil factors. Environmental variables and tree species richness (or diversity) were poor predictors of butterfly species richness (or diversity). Our results emphasize the importance of tree community to recovery of herbivorous insect communities in tropical secondary forests.
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45
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Downs NC, Cresswell WJ, Reason P, Sutton G, Wells D, Wray S. Sex-Specific Habitat Preferences of Foraging and Commuting Lesser Horseshoe BatsRhinolophus hipposideros(Borkhausen, 1797) in Lowland England. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2016. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2016.18.2.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Roigé M, Parry M, Phillips C, Worner S. Self-organizing maps for analysing pest profiles: Sensitivity analysis of weights and ranks. Ecol Modell 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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47
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Pinheiro ERS, Iannuzzi R, Duarte LDS. Insect herbivory fluctuations through geological time. Ecology 2016; 97:2501-2510. [PMID: 27859073 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Arthropods and land plants are the major macroscopic sources of biodiversity on the planet. Knowledge of the organization and specialization of plant-herbivore interactions, such as their roles in food webs is important for understanding the processes for maintaining biodiversity. A limited number of studies have examined herbivory through geological time. The most have analyzed localities from one restricted interval within a geological period, or a time transition such as the Paleocene-Eocene boundary interval. In the present study, we analyzed the frequency of herbivory and density of damage type (DT) from the Middle Devonian to the early Miocene. The data were compiled from literature sources and focused on studies that describe occurrences of leaves with DTs indicating herbivore consumption as a proportion of the total number of leaves analyzed. The data were standardized based on the DT categories in the Damage Type Guide, and the age of each locality was updated based on the most recent geochronological standard and expressed in millions of years. Temperature and geological age were the best descriptors of the variation in herbivory frequency, which tended to increase at higher temperatures. Two models were equivalent to explain DT density: the interaction between CO2 levels and geological age, and O2 levels and geological age had the same predictive power. The density of DT tended to increase with higher content of atmospheric CO2 and O2 compared to modern values. The frequency of herbivory and the density of DTs appear to be influenced by long-term atmospheric variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther R S Pinheiro
- Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia, Laboratório de Paleobotânica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Roberto Iannuzzi
- Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia, Laboratório de Paleobotânica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leandro D S Duarte
- Laboratório de Ecologia Filogenética e Funcional, Centro de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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48
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Roigé M, McGeoch MA, Hui C, Worner SP. Cluster validity and uncertainty assessment for self‐organizing map pest profile analysis. Methods Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Roigé
- National Centre for Advanced Bio‐Protection Technologies Lincoln University PO Box 84 Canterbury 7647 New Zealand
| | - Melodie A. McGeoch
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Vic. 3800 Australia
| | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Mathematical Sciences Stellenbosch University Matieland 7602 South Africa
- African Institute for Mathematical Sciences Muizenberg 7945 South Africa
| | - Susan P. Worner
- National Centre for Advanced Bio‐Protection Technologies Lincoln University PO Box 84 Canterbury 7647 New Zealand
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49
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López-Carretero A, Boege K, Díaz-Castelazo C, Domínguez Z, Rico-Gray V. Influence of plant resistance traits in selectiveness and species strength in a tropical plant-herbivore network. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:1436-1448. [PMID: 27539260 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1600045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Plant-herbivore networks are highly specialized in their interactions, yet they are highly variable with regard to the relative importance of specific host species for herbivores. How host species traits determine specialization and species strength in this antagonistic network is still an unanswered question that we addressed in this study. METHODS We assessed plant cover and antiherbivore resistance traits to assess the extent to which they accounted for the variation in specialization and strength of interactions among species in a plant-herbivore network. We studied a tropical antagonistic network including a diverse herbivore-host plant assemblages in different habitat types and climatic seasons, including host plants with different life histories. KEY RESULTS Particular combinations of leaf toughness, trichome density, and phenolic compounds influenced herbivore specialization and host species strength, but with a significant spatiotemporal variation among plant life histories. Conversely, plant-herbivore network parameters were not influenced by plant cover. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of species-specific resistance traits of plants to understand the ecological and evolutionary consequences of plant-herbivore interaction networks. The novelty of our research lies in the use of a trait-based approach to understand the variation observed in diverse plant-herbivore networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Boege
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Zaira Domínguez
- Unidad de Servicios de Apoyo en Resolución Analítica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Víctor Rico-Gray
- Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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50
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Adams MO, Fiedler K. Low Herbivory among Targeted Reforestation Sites in the Andean Highlands of Southern Ecuador. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151277. [PMID: 26963395 PMCID: PMC4786223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect herbivory constitutes an important constraint in the viability and management of targeted reforestation sites. Focusing on young experimental stands at about 2000 m elevation in southern Ecuador, we examined foliar damage over one season as a function of tree species and habitat. Native tree species (Successional hardwood: Cedrela montana and Tabebuia chrysantha; fast-growing pioneer: Heliocarpus americanus) have been planted among prevailing local landcover types (abandoned pasture, secondary shrub vegetation, and a Pinus patula plantation) in 2003/4. Plantation trees were compared to conspecifics in the spontaneous undergrowth of adjacent undisturbed rainforest matched for height and foliar volume. Specifically, we tested the hypotheses that H. americanus as a pioneer species suffers more herbivory compared to the two successional tree species, and that damage is inversely related to habitat complexity. Overall leaf damage caused by folivorous insects (excluding leafcutter ants) was low. Average leaf loss was highest among T. chrysantha (7.50% ± 0.19 SE of leaf area), followed by H. americanus (4.67% ± 0.18 SE) and C. montana (3.18% ± 0.15 SE). Contrary to expectations, leaf area loss was highest among trees in closed-canopy natural rainforest, followed by pine plantation, pasture, and secondary shrub sites. Harvesting activity of leafcutter ants (Acromyrmex sp.) was strongly biased towards T. chrysantha growing in open habitat (mean pasture: 2.5%; shrub: 10.5%) where it could result in considerable damage (> 90.0%). Insect folivory is unlikely to pose a barrier for reforestation in the tropical Andean mountain forest zone at present, but leafcutter ants may become problematic if local temperatures increase in the wake of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Oliver Adams
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Division of Tropical Ecology and Animal Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Konrad Fiedler
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Division of Tropical Ecology and Animal Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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