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Jayawardena D, Anbazhagan AN, Majumder A, Akram R, Nazmi A, Kaur R, Kumar A, Saksena S, Olivares-Villagómez D, Dudeja PK. Ion Transport Basis of Diarrhea, Paneth Cell Metaplasia, and Upregulation of Mechanosensory Pathway in Anti-CD40 Colitis Mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:1454-1466. [PMID: 38300738 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-Cluster of differentiation (CD)-40-induced colitis, driven by innate inflammatory responses in the intestine, is a potent animal model exhibiting IBD pathophysiology including diarrhea. However, the ion transport basis of diarrhea and some key mucosal pathways (Paneth cells, stem cell niche, and mechanosensory) in this model have not been investigated. METHODS Mucosal scrapings and intestinal tissue from control and CD40 antibody (150 µg) treated Rag2-/- mice were examined for gut inflammation, Paneth cell numbers, expression of key transporters, tight/adherens junction proteins, stem cell niche, and mechanosensory pathway via hematoxylin and eosin staining, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. RESULTS Compared with control, anti-CD40 antibody treatment resulted in a significant loss of body weight (P < .05) and diarrhea at day 3 postinjection. Distal colonic tissues of anti-CD40 mice exhibited increased inflammatory infiltrates, higher claudin-2 expression, and appearance of Paneth cell-like structures indicative of Paneth cell metaplasia. Significantly reduced expression (P < .005) of downregulated in adenoma (key Cl- transporter), P-glycoprotein/multidrug resistantance-1 (MDR1, xenobiotic transporter), and adherens junction protein E-cadherin (~2-fold P < .05) was also observed in the colon of anti-CD40 colitis mice. Interestingly, there were also marked alterations in the stem cell markers and upregulation of the mechanosensory YAP-TAZ pathway, suggesting the activation of alternate regeneration pathway post-tissue injury in this model. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that the anti-CD40 colitis model shows key features of IBD observed in the human disease, hence making it a suitable model to investigate the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis (UC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulari Jayawardena
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dept. of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arivarasu N Anbazhagan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dept. of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Apurba Majumder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dept. of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ramsha Akram
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dept. of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Nazmi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dept. of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dept. of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Seema Saksena
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dept. of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Danyvid Olivares-Villagómez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pradeep K Dudeja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dept. of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Ouahed JD, Griffith A, Collen LV, Snapper SB. Breaking Down Barriers: Epithelial Contributors to Monogenic IBD Pathogenesis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:1189-1206. [PMID: 38280053 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Monogenic causes of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are increasingly being discovered. To date, much attention has been placed in those resulting from inborn errors of immunity. Therapeutic efforts have been largely focused on offering personalized immune modulation or curative bone marrow transplant for patients with IBD and underlying immune disorders. To date, less emphasis has been placed on monogenic causes of IBD that pertain to impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of monogenic causes of IBD that result in impaired intestinal epithelial barrier that are categorized into 6 important functions: (1) epithelial cell organization, (2) epithelial cell intrinsic functions, (3) epithelial cell apoptosis and necroptosis, (4) complement activation, (5) epithelial cell signaling, and (6) control of RNA degradation products. We illustrate how impairment of any of these categories can result in IBD. This work reviews the current understanding of the genes involved in maintaining the intestinal barrier, the inheritance patterns that result in dysfunction, features of IBD resulting from these disorders, and pertinent translational work in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie D Ouahed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Griffith
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren V Collen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Masenga SK, Kirabo A. Salt and Gut Microbiota in Heart Failure. Curr Hypertens Rep 2023; 25:173-184. [PMID: 37219766 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-023-01245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The role and underlying mechanisms mediated by dietary salt in modulating the gut microbiota and contributing to heart failure (HF) are not clear. This review summarizes the mechanisms of dietary salt and the gut-heart axis in HF. RECENT FINDINGS The gut microbiota has been implicated in several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) including HF. Dietary factors including high consumption of salt play a role in influencing the gut microbiota, resulting in dysbiosis. An imbalance of microbial species due to a reduction in microbial diversity with accompanying immune cell activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HF via several mechanisms. The gut microbiota and gut-associated metabolites contribute to HF by reducing gut microbiota biodiversity and activating several signaling pathways. High dietary salt modulates the gut microbiota composition and exacerbate or induce HF by increasing the expression of the epithelial sodium/hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 in the gut, cardiac expression of beta myosin heavy chain, activation of the myocyte enhancer factor/nuclear factor of activated T cell, and salt-inducible kinase 1. These mechanisms explain the resulting structural and functional derangements in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepiso K Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Zambia
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602, USA.
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Liu W, Tan Z, Geng M, Jiang X, Xin Y. Impact of the gut microbiota on angiotensin Ⅱ-related disorders and its mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115659. [PMID: 37330020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) consists of multiple angiotensin peptides and performs various biological functions mediated by distinct receptors. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the major effector of the RAS and affects the occurrence and development of inflammation, diabetes mellitus and its complications, hypertension, and end-organ damage via the Ang II type 1 receptor. Recently, considerable interest has been given to the association and interaction between the gut microbiota and host. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may contribute to cardiovascular diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic inflammatory diseases, and chronic kidney disease. Recent data have confirmed that Ang II can induce an imbalance in the intestinal flora and further aggravate disease progression. Furthermore, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 is another player in RAS, alleviates the deleterious effects of Ang II, modulates gut microbial dysbiosis, local and systemic immune responses associated with coronavirus disease 19. Due to the complicated etiology of pathologies, the precise mechanisms that link disease processes with specific characteristics of the gut microbiota remain obscure. This review aims to highlight the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and its metabolites in Ang II-related disease progression, and summarize the possible mechanisms. Deciphering these mechanisms will provide a theoretical basis for novel therapeutic strategies for disease prevention and treatment. Finally, we discuss therapies targeting the gut microbiota to treat Ang II-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zining Tan
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Mengrou Geng
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Peng Y, Wei J, Jia X, Luan F, Man M, Ma X, Luo Y, Li Y, Li N, Wang Q, Wang X, Zhou Y, Ji Y, Mu W, Wang J, Wang C, Zhang Q, Yu K, Zhao M, Wang C. Changes in the microbiota in different intestinal segments of mice with sepsis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:954347. [PMID: 36704101 PMCID: PMC9871835 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.954347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The small intestine, as the main digestion and absorption site of the gastrointestinal tract, is often overlooked in studies, and the overall microbiota does not reflect the makeup of the microbiota in different segments of the intestine. Therefore, we aimed to exclude the influence of routine ICU treatment measures on sepsis patients and observed changes in the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota in different intestinal segments of septic mice. Methods The mice were randomly divided into the CLP6h group and the sham group. The contents of the colon and small intestine of the experimental group and the control group were collected after 6 h. Results After CLP, the number and structure of the gut microbiota in the colon changed most obviously, among which Bacteroidetes had the most significant changes. Akkermansia, D.Firmicutes_bacterium_M10_2, Blautia, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Candidatus_Arthromitus, and Muribaculaceae were changed in the colon. Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, Blautia, Candidatus_Arthromitus, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group were changed in the small intestine. Discussion Our experiment found that there were different numbers of unique and common gut microbiota in the small intestine and colon after sepsis, and the gut microbiota of the colon changed more drastically after sepsis than the small intestine. Thus, we should focus on protective gut microbiota and mucin-degrading microbes. We hope that these results will provide help for sepsis treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jieling Wei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaonan Jia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feiyu Luan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyin Man
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yinghao Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nana Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xibo Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjing Mu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunying Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kaijiang Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyan Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changsong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Jayawardena D, Priyamvada S, Kageyama T, White Z, Kumar A, Griggs TF, Majumder A, Akram R, Anbazhagan AN, Sano T, Dudeja PK. Loss of SLC26A3 Results in Colonic Mucosal Immune Dysregulation via Epithelial-Immune Cell Crosstalk. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:903-919. [PMID: 36535508 PMCID: PMC9971172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Down-regulation of chloride transporter SLC26A3 or down-regulated in adenoma (DRA) in colonocytes has recently been linked to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Because exaggerated immune responses are one of the hallmarks of UC, these current studies were undertaken to define the mechanisms by which loss of DRA relays signals to immune cells to increase susceptibility to inflammation. METHODS NanoString Immunology Panel, fluorescence assisted cell sorting, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used in wild-type and DRA knockout (KO) mice. Interleukin (IL)-33 blocking was used to determine specific changes in immune cells and co-housing/broad spectrum antibiotics administration, and ex vivo studies in colonoids were conducted to rule out the involvement of microbiota. Colonoid-derived monolayers from healthy and UC patient biopsies were analyzed for translatability. RESULTS There was a marked induction of Th2 (>2-fold), CD4+ Th2 cells (∼8-fold), RORγt+ Th17, and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). DRA KO colons also exhibited a robust induction of IL-33 (>8-fold). In vivo studies using blocking of IL-33 established that T2 immune dysregulation (alterations in ILC2, Th2, and GATA3+ iTregs) in response to loss of DRA was due to altered epithelial-immune cell crosstalk via IL-33. CONCLUSIONS Loss of DRA in colonocytes triggers the release of IL-33 to drive a type 2 immune response. These observations emphasize the critical importance of DRA in mucosal immune homeostasis and its implications in the pathogenesis of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulari Jayawardena
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shubha Priyamvada
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Takahiro Kageyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zachary White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Theodor F Griggs
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Apurba Majumder
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ramsha Akram
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Teruyuki Sano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pradeep K Dudeja
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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Laubitz D, Gurney MA, Midura-Kiela M, Clutter C, Besselsen DG, Chen H, Ghishan FK, Kiela PR. Decreased NHE3 expression in colon cancer is associated with DNA damage, increased inflammation and tumor growth. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14725. [PMID: 36042372 PMCID: PMC9427942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of intra- and extracellular pH in cancer contributes to extracellular matrix remodeling, favors cell migration, proliferation, and metastasis. Although the primary attention has been focused on the role of the ubiquitous Na+/H+ exchanger isoform NHE1, the role of NHE3, the predominant apical isoform in colonic surface epithelium in the pathogenesis of colon cancer has not been investigated. Here, we show that NHE3 mRNA expression is significantly reduced in colorectal cancer patients and that low NHE3 expression is associated with poorer survival. Deletion of NHE3 in ApcMin mice evaluated at 15 weeks of age (significant mortality was observed beyond this time) led to lower body weights, increased mucosal inflammation, increased colonic tumor numbers, evidence of enhanced DNA damage in tumor surface epithelium, and to significant alteration in the gut microbiota. In the absence of the inflammatory and microbial pressors, ca. 70% knockdown of NHE3 expression in SK-CO15 cells led to reduced intracellular pH, elevated apical pH, dramatic differences in their transcriptomic profile, increased susceptibility to DNA damage, increased proliferation, decreased apoptosis and reduced adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins. Our findings suggest that loss of NHE3 in the surface epithelium of colonic tumors has profound consequences for cancer progression and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Laubitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Michael A Gurney
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Monica Midura-Kiela
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Christy Clutter
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | | | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Fayez K Ghishan
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Pawel R Kiela
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Xue J, Dominguez Rieg JA, Thomas L, White JR, Rieg T. Intestine-Specific NHE3 Deletion in Adulthood Causes Microbial Dysbiosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:896309. [PMID: 35719363 PMCID: PMC9204535 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.896309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the intestine, the Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) plays a critical role for Na+ and fluid absorption. NHE3 deficiency predisposes patients to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In mice, selective deletion of intestinal NHE3 causes various local and systemic pathologies due to dramatic changes in the intestinal environment, which can influence microbiota colonization. By using metagenome shotgun sequencing, we determined the effect of inducible intestinal epithelial cell-specific deletion of NHE3 (NHE3IEC-KO) in adulthood on the gut microbiome in mice. Compared with control mice, NHE3IEC-KO mice show a significantly different gut microbiome signature, with an unexpected greater diversity. At the phylum level, NHE3IEC-KO mice showed a significant expansion in Proteobacteria and a tendency for lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, an indicator of dysbiosis. At the family level, NHE3IEC-KO mice showed significant expansions in Bacteroidaceae, Rikenellaceae, Tannerellaceae, Flavobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, but had contractions in Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae and Eubacteriaceae. At the species level, after removing those with lowest occurrence and abundance, we identified 23 species that were significantly expanded (several of which are established pro-inflammatory pathobionts); whereas another 23 species were found to be contracted (some of which are potential anti-inflammatory probiotics) in NHE3IEC-KO mice. These results reveal that intestinal NHE3 deletion creates an intestinal environment favoring the competitive advantage of inflammophilic over anti-inflammatory species, which is commonly featured in conventional NHE3 knockout mice and patients with IBD. In conclusion, our study emphasizes the importance of intestinal NHE3 for gut microbiota homeostasis, and provides a deeper understanding regarding interactions between NHE3, dysbiosis, and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Xue
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jessica A Dominguez Rieg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Linto Thomas
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - James R White
- Resphera Biosciences LLC, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Timo Rieg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States.,Center for Hypertension and Kidney Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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9
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Wedenoja S, Saarikivi A, Mälkönen J, Leskinen S, Lehto M, Adeshara K, Tuokkola J, Nikkonen A, Merras-Salmio L, Höyhtyä M, Hörkkö S, Haaramo A, Salonen A, de Vos WM, Korpela K, Kolho KL. Fecal microbiota in congenital chloride diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269561. [PMID: 35679312 PMCID: PMC9182261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Subjects with congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD; a defect in solute carrier family 26 member 3 (SLC26A3)) are prone to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We investigated fecal microbiota in CLD and CLD-associated IBD. We also tested whether microbiota is modulated by supplementation with the short-chain fatty acid butyrate. Subjects and methods We recruited 30 patients with CLD for an observational 3-week follow-up study. Thereafter, 16 consented to oral butyrate substitution for a 3-week observational period. Fecal samples, collected once a week, were assayed for calprotectin and potential markers of inflammation, and studied by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing and compared to that of 19 healthy controls and 43 controls with Crohn’s disease. Data on intestinal symptoms, diet and quality of life were collected. Results Patients with CLD had increased abundances of Proteobacteria, Veillonella, and Prevotella, and lower abundances of normally dominant taxa Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae when compared with healthy controls and Crohn´s disease. No major differences in fecal microbiota were found between CLD and CLD-associated IBD (including two with yet untreated IBD). Butyrate was poorly tolerated and showed no major effects on fecal microbiota or biomarkers in CLD. Conclusions Fecal microbiota in CLD is different from that of healthy subjects or Crohn´s disease. Unexpectedly, no changes in the microbiota or fecal markers characterized CLD-associated IBD, an entity with high frequency among patients with CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Wedenoja
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Saarikivi
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Mälkönen
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara Leskinen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Lehto
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Research Programs, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krishna Adeshara
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Research Programs, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jetta Tuokkola
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Nikkonen
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Merras-Salmio
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miikka Höyhtyä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sohvi Hörkkö
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anu Haaramo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Katri Korpela
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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10
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Kini A, Zhao B, Basic M, Roy U, Iljazovic A, Odak I, Ye Z, Riederer B, Di Stefano G, Römermann D, Koenecke C, Bleich A, Strowig T, Seidler U. Upregulation of antimicrobial peptide expression in slc26a3-/- mice with colonic dysbiosis and barrier defect. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2041943. [PMID: 35230892 PMCID: PMC8890434 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2041943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic defects in SLC26A3 (DRA), an intestinal Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, result in congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD), marked by lifelong acidic diarrhea and a high risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Slc26a3-/- mice serve as a model to understand the pathophysiology of CLD and search for treatment options. This study investigates the microbiota changes in slc26a3-/- colon, the genotype-related causes for the observed microbiota alterations, its inflammatory potential, as well as the corresponding host responses. The luminal and the mucosa-adherent cecal and colonic microbiota of cohoused slc26a3-/- and wt littermates were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal microbiota transfer from cohoused slc26a3-/- and wt littermates to germ-free wt mice was performed to analyze the stability and the inflammatory potential of the communities.The cecal and colonic luminal and mucosa-adherent microbiota of slc26a3-/- mice was abnormal from an early age, with a loss of diversity, of short-chain fatty acid producers, and an increase of pathobionts. The transfer of slc26a3-/- microbiota did not result in intestinal inflammation and the microbial diversity in the recipient mice normalized over time. A strong increase in the expression of Il22, Reg3β/γ, Relmβ, and other proteins with antimicrobial functions was observed in slc26a3-/- colon from juvenile age, while the mucosal and systemic inflammatory signature was surprisingly mild. The dysbiotic microbiota, low mucosal pH, and mucus barrier defect in slc26a3-/- colon are accompanied by a stark upregulation of the expression of a panel of antimicrobial proteins. This may explain the low inflammatory burden in the gut of these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bei Zhao
- Microbial Immune Regulation Research Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Urmi Roy
- Microbial Immune Regulation Research Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Aida Iljazovic
- Microbial Immune Regulation Research Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ivan Odak
- Institute of Immunology Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Till Strowig
- Microbial Immune Regulation Research Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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11
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Jenkin KA, Han Y, Lin S, He P, Yun CC. Nedd4-2-dependent Ubiquitination Potentiates the Inhibition of Human NHE3 by Cholera Toxin and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:695-716. [PMID: 34823064 PMCID: PMC8789535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Diarrhea is one of the most common illnesses and is often caused by bacterial infection. Recently, we have shown that human Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3 (hNHE3), but not non-human NHE3s, interacts with the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2. We hypothesize that this property of hNHE3 contributes to the increased severity of diarrhea in humans. METHODS We used humanized mice expressing hNHE3 in the intestine (hNHE3int) to compare the contribution of hNHE3 and mouse NHE3 to diarrhea induced by cholera toxin (CTX) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). We measured Na+/H+ exchange activity and fluid absorption. The role of Nedd4-2 on hNHE3 activity and ubiquitination was determined by knockdown in Caco-2bbe cells. The effects of protein kinase A (PKA), the primary mediator of CTX-induced diarrhea, on Nedd4-2 and hNHE3 phosphorylation and their interaction were determined. RESULTS The effects of CTX and EPEC were greater in hNHE3int mice than in control wild-type (WT) mice, resulting in greater inhibition of NHE3 activity and increased fluid accumulation in the intestine, the hallmark of diarrhea. Activation of PKA increased ubiquitination of hNHE3 and enhanced interaction of Nedd4-2 with hNHE3 via phosphorylation of Nedd4-2 at S342. S342A mutation mitigated the Nedd4-2-hNHE3 interaction and blocked PKA-induced inhibition of hNHE3. Unlike non-human NHE3s, inhibition of hNHE3 by PKA is independent of NHE3 phosphorylation, suggesting a distinct mechanism of hNHE3 regulation. CONCLUSIONS The effects of CTX and EPEC on hNHE3 are amplified, and the unique properties of hNHE3 may contribute to diarrheal symptoms occurring in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayte A. Jenkin
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,School of Science, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Yiran Han
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Songbai Lin
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Peijian He
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C. Chris Yun
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Chris Yun, PhD, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30324. fax: (404) 727-5767.
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12
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Mishra V, Bose A, Kiran S, Banerjee S, Shah IA, Chaukimath P, Reshi MM, Srinivas S, Barman A, Visweswariah SS. Gut-associated cGMP mediates colitis and dysbiosis in a mouse model of an activating mutation in GUCY2C. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212653. [PMID: 34546338 PMCID: PMC8480670 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in receptor guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C), the target of gastrointestinal peptide hormones guanylin and uroguanylin, and bacterial heat-stable enterotoxins cause early-onset diarrhea and chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). GC-C regulates ion and fluid secretion in the gut via cGMP production and activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase II. We characterize a novel mouse model harboring an activating mutation in Gucy2c equivalent to that seen in an affected Norwegian family. Mutant mice demonstrated elevated intestinal cGMP levels and enhanced fecal water and sodium content. Basal and linaclotide-mediated small intestinal transit was higher in mutant mice, and they were more susceptible to DSS-induced colitis. Fecal microbiome and gene expression analyses of colonic tissue revealed dysbiosis, up-regulation of IFN-stimulated genes, and misregulation of genes associated with human IBD and animal models of colitis. This novel mouse model thus provides molecular insights into the multiple roles of intestinal epithelial cell cGMP, which culminate in dysbiosis and the induction of inflammation in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwas Mishra
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Avipsa Bose
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shashi Kiran
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sanghita Banerjee
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Idrees A Shah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pooja Chaukimath
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mudasir M Reshi
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Swarna Srinivas
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anaxee Barman
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sandhya S Visweswariah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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13
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Norsa L, Berni Canani R, Duclaux-Loras R, Bequet E, Köglmeier J, Russell RK, Uhlig HH, Travis S, Hollis J, Koletzko S, Grimaldi G, Castaldo G, Rodrigues A, Deflandre J, Dembinski L, Shah N, Heinz-Erian P, Janecke A, Leskinen S, Wedenoja S, Koskela R, Lachaux A, Kolho KL, Ruemmele FM. Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients with Congenital Chloride Diarrhoea. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1679-1685. [PMID: 33770165 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital chloride diarrhoea [CLD] is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the solute family carrier 26 member 3 [SLC26A3] gene. Patients suffer from life-long watery diarrhoea and chloride loss. Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] has been reported in individual patients with CLD and in scl26a3-deficient mice. METHODS We performed an international multicentre analysis to build a CLD cohort and to identify cases with IBD. We assessed clinical and genetic characteristics of subjects and studied the cumulative incidence of CLD-associated IBD. RESULTS In a cohort of 72 patients with CLD caused by 17 different SLC26A3 mutations, we identified 12 patients [17%] diagnosed with IBD. Nine patients had Crohn's disease, two ulcerative colitis and one IBD-unclassified [IBD-U]. The prevalence of IBD in our cohort of CLD was higher than the highest prevalence of IBD in Europe [p < 0.0001]. The age of onset was variable [13.5 years, interquartile range: 8.5-23.5 years]. Patients with CLD and IBD had lower z-score for height than those without IBD. Four of 12 patients had required surgery [ileostomy formation n = 2, ileocaecal resection due to ileocaecal valve stenosis n = 1 and colectomy due to stage II transverse colon cancer n = 1]. At last follow-up, 5/12 were on biologics [adalimumab, infliximab or vedolizumab], 5/12 on immunosuppressants [azathioprine or mercaptopurine], one on 5-ASA and one off-treatment. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of patients with CLD develop IBD. This suggests the potential involvement of SL26A3-mediated anion transport in IBD pathogenesis. Patients with CLD-associated IBD may require surgery for treatment failure or colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Norsa
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Paris, France.,Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Transplantation, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.,Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science - Pediatric Section, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Remi Duclaux-Loras
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Bron, France.,CIRI unité Inserm U1111, ENS Lyon, France
| | - Emeline Bequet
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège, Belgium
| | - Jutta Köglmeier
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, London, UK
| | - Richard K Russell
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Travis
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer Hollis
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Giusi Grimaldi
- Department of Translational Medical Science - Pediatric Section, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Astor Rodrigues
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Lukasz Dembinski
- Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Neil Shah
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, London, UK
| | - Peter Heinz-Erian
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Janecke
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Saara Leskinen
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Satu Wedenoja
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ritva Koskela
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alain Lachaux
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Bron, France
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Frank M Ruemmele
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Paris, France
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14
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Jaworska K, Koper M, Ufnal M. Gut microbiota and renin-angiotensin system: a complex interplay at local and systemic levels. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G355-G366. [PMID: 34405730 PMCID: PMC8486428 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00099.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a potent biological modulator of many physiological and pathological states. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), including the local gastrointestinal RAS (GI RAS), emerges as a potential mediator of microbiota-related effects. The RAS is involved in cardiovascular system homeostasis, water-electrolyte balance, intestinal absorption, glycemic control, inflammation, carcinogenesis, and aging-related processes. Ample evidence suggests a bidirectional interaction between the microbiome and RAS. On the one hand, gut bacteria and their metabolites may modulate GI and systemic RAS. On the other hand, changes in the intestinal habitat caused by alterations in RAS may shape microbiota metabolic activity and composition. Notably, the pharmacodynamic effects of the RAS-targeted therapies may be in part mediated by the intestinal RAS and changes in the microbiome. This review summarizes studies on gut microbiota and RAS physiology. Expanding the research on this topic may lay the foundation for new therapeutic paradigms in gastrointestinal diseases and multiple systemic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Jaworska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Koper
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ufnal
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Zhou K, Amiri M, Salari A, Yu Y, Xu H, Seidler U, Nikolovska K. Functional characterization of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger 8 and its role in proliferation of colonic epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C471-C488. [PMID: 34288721 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00582.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal NaCl, HCO3-, and fluid absorption are strongly dependent on apical Na+/H+ exchange. The intestine expresses three presumably apical sodium-hydrogen exchanger (NHE) isoforms: NHE2, NHE3, and NHE8. We addressed the role of NHE8 [solute carrier 9A8 (SLC9A8)] and its interplay with NHE2 (SLC9A2) in luminal proton extrusion during acute and chronic enterocyte acidosis and studied the differential effects of NHE8 and NHE2 on enterocyte proliferation. In contrast to NHE3, which was upregulated in differentiated versus undifferentiated colonoids, the expression of NHE2 and NHE8 remained constant during differentiation of colonoids and Caco2Bbe cells. Heterogeneously expressed Flag-tagged rat (r)Nhe8 and human (h)NHE8 translocated to the apical membrane of Caco2Bbe cells. rNhe8 and hNHE8, when expressed in NHE-deficient PS120 fibroblasts showed higher sensitivity to HOE642 compared to NHE2. Lentiviral shRNA knockdown of endogenous NHE2 in Caco2Bbe cells (C2Bbe/shNHE2) resulted in a decreased steady-state intracellular pH (pHi), an increased NHE8 mRNA expression, and augmented NHE8-mediated apical NHE activity. Lentiviral shRNA knockdown of endogenous NHE8 in Caco2Bbe cells (C2Bbe/shNHE8) resulted in a decreased steady-state pHi as well, accompanied by decreased NHE2 mRNA expression and activity, which together contributed to reduced apical NHE activity in the NHE8-knockdown cells. Chronic acidosis increased NHE8 but not NHE2 mRNA expression. Alterations in NHE2 and NHE8 expression/activity affected proliferation, with C2Bbe/shNHE2 cells having lower and C2Bbe/shNHE8 having higher proliferative capacity, accompanied by amplified ERK1/2 signaling pathway and increased EGFR expression in the latter cell line. Thus, both Na+/H+ exchangers have distinct functions during cellular homeostasis by triggering different signaling pathways to regulate cellular proliferation and pHi control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mahdi Amiri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Azam Salari
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona Health Science Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ursula Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katerina Nikolovska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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16
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Fang J, Wang H, Xue Z, Cheng Y, Zhang X. PPARγ: The Central Mucus Barrier Coordinator in Ulcerative Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:732-741. [PMID: 33772551 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, long-term inflammatory disorder of the colon, characterized by a continuous remitting and relapsing course. The intestinal mucus barrier is the first line at the interface between the host and microbiota and acts to protect intestinal epithelial cells from invasion. Data from patients and animal studies have shown that an impaired mucus barrier is closely related to the severity of UC. Depletion of the mucus barrier is not just the strongest but is also the only independent risk factor predicting relapse in patients with UC. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a nuclear transcription regulator, is involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokine expression. It is also known to promote mucus secretion under pathological conditions to expel pathogenic bacteria or toxins. More important, PPARγ has been shown to affect host-microbiota interactions by modulating the energy metabolism of colonocytes and the oxygen availability of the intestinal microbiome. It is well known that gut microbiota homeostasis is essential for butyrate generation by the commensal bacteria to supply energy resources for colonocytes. Therefore, it can be speculated that PPARγ, as a central coordinator of the mucus barrier, may be a promising target for the development of effective agents to combat UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Xue
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Cheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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17
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Rahman S, Davids M, van Hamersveld PHP, Welting O, Rahaoui H, Schuren F, Meijer SL, van den Wijngaard RM, Hakvoort TBM, de Jonge WJ, Heinsbroek SEM. Dietary Curdlan Enhances Bifidobacteria and Reduces Intestinal Inflammation in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:1305. [PMID: 33920960 PMCID: PMC8071228 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucan consumption is known for its beneficial health effects, but the mode of action is unclear. While humans and mice lack the required enzymes to digest β-glucans, certain intestinal microbes can digest β-glucans, triggering gut microbial changes. Curdlan, a particulate β-glucan isolated from Alcaligenes faecalis, is used as a food additive. In this study we determined the effect of curdlan intake in mice on the intestinal microbiota and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced intestinal inflammation. The effect of curdlan on the human intestinal microbiota was assessed using i-screen, an assay for studying anaerobic microbial interactions. Mice received oral gavage with vehicle or curdlan for 14 days followed by DSS for 7 days. The curdlan-fed group showed reduced weight loss and colonic inflammation compared to the vehicle-fed group. Curdlan intake did not induce general microbiota community changes, although a specific Bifidobacterium, closely related to Bifidobacterium choerinum, was observed to be 10- to 100-fold more prevalent in the curdlan-fed group under control and colitis conditions, respectively. When tested in i-screen, curdlan induced a global change in the microbial composition of the healthy intestinal microbiota from a human. Overall, these results suggest that dietary curdlan induces microbiota changes that could reduce intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafaque Rahman
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (O.W.); (R.M.v.d.W.); (T.B.M.H.); (W.J.d.J.)
| | - Mark Davids
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Patricia H. P. van Hamersveld
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (O.W.); (R.M.v.d.W.); (T.B.M.H.); (W.J.d.J.)
| | - Olaf Welting
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (O.W.); (R.M.v.d.W.); (T.B.M.H.); (W.J.d.J.)
| | - Hakim Rahaoui
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands; (H.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Frank Schuren
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands; (H.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Sybren L. Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - René M. van den Wijngaard
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (O.W.); (R.M.v.d.W.); (T.B.M.H.); (W.J.d.J.)
| | - Theodorus B. M. Hakvoort
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (O.W.); (R.M.v.d.W.); (T.B.M.H.); (W.J.d.J.)
| | - Wouter J. de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (O.W.); (R.M.v.d.W.); (T.B.M.H.); (W.J.d.J.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sigrid E. M. Heinsbroek
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (O.W.); (R.M.v.d.W.); (T.B.M.H.); (W.J.d.J.)
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18
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Impaired Intestinal Sodium Transport in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From the Passenger to the Driver's Seat. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:277-292. [PMID: 33744482 PMCID: PMC8165433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although impaired intestinal sodium transport has been described for decades as a ubiquitous feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), whether and how it plays a pivotal role in the ailment has remained uncertain. Our identification of dominant mutations in receptor guanylyl cyclase 2C as a cause of IBD-associated familial diarrhea syndrome brought a shift in the way we envision impaired sodium transport. Is this just a passive collateral effect resulting from intestinal inflammation, or is it a crucial regulator of IBD pathogenesis? This review summarizes the mutational spectrum and underlying mechanisms of monogenic IBD associated with congenital sodium diarrhea. We constructed a model proposing that impaired sodium transport is an upstream pathogenic factor in IBD. The review also synthesized emerging insights from microbiome and animal studies to suggest how sodium malabsorption can serve as a unifying mediator of downstream pathophysiology. Further investigations into the mechanisms underlying salt and water transport in the intestine will provide newer approaches for understanding the ion-microbiome-immune cross-talk that serves as a driver of IBD. Model systems, such as patient-derived enteroids or induced pluripotent stem cell models, are warranted to unravel the role of individual genes regulating sodium transport and to develop more effective epithelial rescue and repair therapies.
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Effects of Essential Oils-Based Supplement and Salmonella Infection on Gene Expression, Blood Parameters, Cecal Microbiome, and Egg Production in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020360. [PMID: 33535430 PMCID: PMC7912222 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main roles in poultry resistance to infections caused by Salmonella is attributed to host immunity and intestinal microbiota. We conducted an experiment that involved challenging Lohmann White laying hens with Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), feeding them a diet supplemented with an EOs-based phytobiotic Intebio®. At 1 and 7 days post-inoculation, the expression profiles of eight genes related to immunity, transport of nutrients in the intestine, and metabolism were examined. Cecal microbiome composition and blood biochemical/immunological indices were also explored and egg production traits recorded. As a result, the SE challenge of laying hens and Intebio® administration had either a suppressive or activating effect on the expression level of the studied genes (e.g., IL6 and BPIFB3), the latter echoing mammalian/human tissue-specific expression. There were also effects of the pathogen challenge and phytobiotic intake on the cecal microbiome profiles and blood biochemical/immunological parameters, including those reflecting the activity of the birds' immune systems (e.g., serum bactericidal activity, β-lysine content, and immunoglobulin levels). Significant differences between control and experimental subgroups in egg performance traits (i.e., egg weight/number/mass) were also found. The phytobiotic administration suggested a positive effect on the welfare and productivity of poultry.
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Exploring the impact of intestinal ion transport on the gut microbiota. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:134-144. [PMID: 33425246 PMCID: PMC7773683 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota and the host are intimately connected. The host physiology dictates the intestinal environment through regulation of pH, ion concentration, mucus production, etc., all of which exerts a selective pressure on the gut microbiota. Since different regions of the gastrointestinal tract are characterized by their own physicochemical conditions, distinct microbial communities are present in these locations. While it is widely accepted that the intestinal microbiome influences the host (tight junctions, cytokine/immune responses, diarrhea, etc.), the reciprocal interaction of the host on the microbiome is under-explored. This review aims to address these gaps in knowledge by focusing on how the host intestinal ion transport influences the luminal environment and thereby modulates the gut microbiota composition.
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Key Words
- CFTR
- CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator
- ClC, chloride channel
- DRA
- DRA, down-regulated in adenoma
- ENaC, epithelial Na+ channel
- GI, gastrointestinal
- GLUT2
- GLUT2, glucose transporter 2
- Gastrointestinal
- Ion transport
- Microbiome
- Microbiota
- NHE2
- NHE2, sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 2
- NHE3
- NHE3, sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 3
- NKCC1, Na+-K+-2Cl− co-transporter
- OTUs, operational taxonomic units
- SGLT1, sodium glucose co-transporter 1
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Bernardazzi C, Xu H, Tong H, Laubitz D, Figliuolo da Paz V, Curiel L, Ghishan FK. An indisputable role of NHE8 in mucosal protection. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G421-G431. [PMID: 32755385 PMCID: PMC7654648 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00246.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The loss of the intestinal Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 8 (NHE8) results in an ulcerative colitis-like condition with reduction of mucin production and dysbiosis, indicating that NHE8 plays an important role in intestinal mucosal protection. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential rebalance of the altered microbiota community of NHE8-deficient mice via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and feeding probiotic VSL#3. We also aimed to stimulate mucin production by sodium butyrate administration via enema. Data from 16S rRNA sequencing showed that loss of NHE8 contributes to colonic microbial dysbiosis with reduction of butyrate-producing bacteria. FMT increased bacterial adhesion in the colon in NHE8 knockout (NHE8KO) mice. Periodic-acid Schiff reagent (PAS) stain and quantitative PCR showed no changes in mucin production during FMT. In mice treated with the probiotic VSL#3, a reduction of Lactobacillus and segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) in NHE8KO mouse colon was detected and an increase in goblet cell theca was observed. In NHE8KO mice receiving sodium butyrate (NaB), 1 mM NaB stimulated Muc2 expression without changing goblet cell theca, but 10 mM NaB induced a significant reduction of goblet cell theca without altering Muc2 expression. Furthermore, 5 mM and 10 mM NaB-treated HT29-MTX cells displayed increased apoptosis, while 0.5 mM NaB stimulated Muc2 gene expression. These data showed that loss of NHE8 leads to dysbiosis with reduction of butyrate-producing bacteria and FMT and VSL#3 failed to rebalance the microbiota in NHE8KO mice. Therefore, FMT, VSL#3, and NaB are not able to restore mucin production in the absence of NHE8 in the intestine.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Loss of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 8 (NHE8), a Slc9 family of exchanger that contributes to sodium uptake, cell volume regulation, and intracellular pH homeostasis, resulted in dysbiosis with reduction of butyrate-producing bacteria and decrease of Muc2 production in the intestine in mice. Introducing fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and VSL#3 in NHE8 knockout (NHE8KO) mice failed to rebalance the microbiota in these mice. Furthermore, administration of FMT, VSL#3, and sodium butyrate was unable to restore mucin production in the absence of NHE8 in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hua Xu
- Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Huan Tong
- Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Daniel Laubitz
- Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Leslie Curiel
- Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Fayez K. Ghishan
- Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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An inducible intestinal epithelial cell-specific NHE3 knockout mouse model mimicking congenital sodium diarrhea. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:941-953. [PMID: 32227118 PMCID: PMC8819665 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The sodium–hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3, SLC9A3) is abundantly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and is proposed to play essential roles in Na+ and fluid absorption as well as acid–base homeostasis. Mutations in the SLC9A3 gene can cause congenital sodium diarrhea (CSD). However, understanding the precise role of intestinal NHE3 has been severely hampered due to the lack of a suitable animal model. To navigate this problem and better understand the role of intestinal NHE3, we generated a tamoxifen-inducible intestinal epithelial cell-specific NHE3 knockout mouse model (NHE3IEC-KO). Before tamoxifen administration, the phenotype and blood parameters of NHE3IEC-KO were unremarkable compared with control mice. After tamoxifen administration, NHE3IEC-KO mice have undetectable levels of NHE3 in the intestine. NHE3IEC-KO mice develop watery, alkaline diarrhea in combination with a swollen small intestine, cecum and colon. The persistent diarrhea results in higher fluid intake. After 3 weeks, NHE3IEC-KO mice show a ~25% mortality rate. The contribution of intestinal NHE3 to acid–base and Na+ homeostasis under normal conditions becomes evident in NHE3IEC-KO mice that have metabolic acidosis, lower blood bicarbonate levels, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia associated with drastically elevated plasma aldosterone levels. These results demonstrate that intestinal NHE3 has a significant contribution to acid–base, Na+ and volume homeostasis, and lack of intestinal NHE3 has consequences on intestinal structural integrity. This mouse model mimics and explains the phenotype of individuals with CSD carrying SLC9A3 mutations.
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Xue AJ, Miao SJ, Sun H, Qiu XX, Wang SN, Wang L, Ye ZQ, Zheng CF, Huang ZH, Wang YH, Huang Y. Intestinal dysbiosis in pediatric Crohn's disease patients with IL10RA mutations. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3098-3109. [PMID: 32587451 PMCID: PMC7304104 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i22.3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have employed animal models to explore the association between microbiota and interleukin (IL) 10 signaling; however, limited information is available about the human microbiome.
AIM To characterize the microbiome in patients with IL10RA mutations and to explore the association between gut dysbiosis and disease severity.
METHODS Fecal samples were collected from patients who were diagnosed with loss-of-function mutations in the IL10RA gene between January 2017 and July 2018 at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University. Age-matched volunteer children were recruited as healthy controls. Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) were used as disease controls to standardize the antibiotic exposure. Microbial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples. All analyses were based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data.
RESULTS Seventeen patients with IL10RA mutations (IL10RA group), 17 patients with pediatric CD, and 26 healthy children were included. Both patients with IL10RA mutations and those with CD exhibited a reduced diversity of gut microbiome with increased variability. The relative abundance of Firmicutes was substantially increased in the IL10RA group (P = 0.02). On further comparison of the relative abundance of taxa between patients with IL10RA mutations and healthy children, 13 taxa showed significant differences. The IL10RA-specific dysbiosis indices exhibited a significant positive correlation with weighted pediatric CD activity index and simple endoscopic score for CD.
CONCLUSION In patients with IL10RA mutations and early onset inflammatory bowel disease, gut dysbiosis shows a moderate association with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Juan Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Shi-Jian Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Zi-Qing Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Cui-Fang Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Zhi-Heng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Yu-Huan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
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Cao L, Yuan Z, Liu M, Stock C. (Patho-)Physiology of Na +/H + Exchangers (NHEs) in the Digestive System. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1566. [PMID: 32009977 PMCID: PMC6974801 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) are expressed in virtually all human tissues and organs. Two major tasks of those NHE isoforms that are located in plasma membranes are cell volume control by Na+-uptake and cellular pH regulation by H+-extrusion. Several NHEs, particularly NHE 1–4 and 8, are involved in the pathogenesis of diseases of the digestive system such as inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease) and gastric and colorectal tumorigenesis. In the present review, we describe the physiological purposes, possible malfunctions and pathophysiological effects of the different NHE isoforms along the alimentary canal from esophagus to colon, including pancreas, liver and gallbladder. Particular attention is paid to the functions of NHEs in injury repair and to the role of NHE1 in Barrett’s esophagus. The impact of NHEs on gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal integrity is also dealt with. As the hitherto existing findings are not always consistent, sometimes even controversial, they are compared and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenglin Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Christian Stock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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What Is the Impact of Diet on Nutritional Diarrhea Associated with Gut Microbiota in Weaning Piglets: A System Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6916189. [PMID: 31976326 PMCID: PMC6949732 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6916189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Piglets experience severe growth challenges and diarrhea after weaning due to nutritional, social, psychological, environmental, and physiological changes. Among these changes, the nutritional factor plays a key role in postweaning health. Dietary protein, fibre, starch, and electrolyte levels are highly associated with postweaning nutrition diarrhea (PWND). In this review, we mainly discuss the high protein, fibre, resistant starch, and electrolyte imbalance in diets that induce PWND, with a focus on potential mechanisms in weaned piglets.
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The gut microbiota: a new perspective on the toxicity of malachite green (MG). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9723-9737. [PMID: 31728586 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiome critically contributes to host health status. Thus, investigating the relationship between the gut microbiome and toxic chemicals is a hot topic in toxicology research. Exposure to malachite green (MG) has been linked to various health disorders. Thus, exploring the gut microbiota changes in response to MG would provide a new perspective on the toxicity effects of this chemical substance. MG exposure resulted in the significantly lower alpha diversity (Mann-Whitney U test, z = - 6.83, p = 0.00) but higher beta diversity (Mann-Whitney U test, z = - 1.98, p = 0.04) of gut microbiota, and significantly decreased ecosystem stability (alpha and beta variability; Mann-Whitney U test, all p < 0.05) of gut microbial communities. Gut bacterial networks showed that the interactions became more complex and stronger after MG exposure, which could decrease the stability of the network. Changes in gut microbiota composition were mainly reflected in the enrichment of opportunistic bacteria (i.e., Aeromonas and Vibrio) and the depression of fermentative bacteria (i.e., Bacteroides and Paludibacter). MG exposure leads to a significantly increased gut permeability (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; Mann-Whitney U test, z = - 6.92, p = 0.00), which could reduce the host selective pressures on particular bacterial species (such as members in Aeromonas and Vibrio). This result was further supported by the weakened importance of a deterministic microbial assembly after MG exposure. All these findings indicated that MG exposed fishes might have more possibilities to be infected, as demonstrated by the enrichment of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, high-level immune responses, and increased gut permeability. These findings greatly improve our understanding of the toxicity effects of MG.
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27
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Pedersen SF, Counillon L. The SLC9A-C Mammalian Na +/H + Exchanger Family: Molecules, Mechanisms, and Physiology. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:2015-2113. [PMID: 31507243 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. They belong to an ancient family of highly evolutionarily conserved proteins, and they play essential physiological roles in all phyla. In this review, we focus on the mammalian Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs), the solute carrier (SLC) 9 family. This family of electroneutral transporters constitutes three branches: SLC9A, -B, and -C. Within these, each isoform exhibits distinct tissue expression profiles, regulation, and physiological roles. Some of these transporters are highly studied, with hundreds of original articles, and some are still only rudimentarily understood. In this review, we present and discuss the pioneering original work as well as the current state-of-the-art research on mammalian NHEs. We aim to provide the reader with a comprehensive view of core knowledge and recent insights into each family member, from gene organization over protein structure and regulation to physiological and pathophysiological roles. Particular attention is given to the integrated physiology of NHEs in the main organ systems. We provide several novel analyses and useful overviews, and we pinpoint main remaining enigmas, which we hope will inspire novel research on these highly versatile proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, LP2M, France, and Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - L Counillon
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, LP2M, France, and Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
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Gołębiewski M, Tretyn A. Generating amplicon reads for microbial community assessment with next‐generation sequencing. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:330-354. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gołębiewski
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń Poland
| | - A. Tretyn
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń Poland
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29
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Li T, Qi M, Gatesoupe FJ, Tian D, Jin W, Li J, Lin Q, Wu S, Li H. Adaptation to Fasting in Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus): Gut Microbiota and Its Correlative Relationship with Immune Function. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 78:6-19. [PMID: 30343437 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fasting influences the overall physiology of fish, and the knowledge how the gut microbiota, growth performances, and immune function in response to intermittent and long-term fasting is still insufficient. Here, we characterized the effects of fasting on the host-gut microbiota in crucian carp, which would enhance our insight into physiological adaptation to fasting. To achieve this, we investigated the gut microbial communities of crucian carp with different fasting stress, and corresponding immune and growth parameters. The gut microbial communities were structured into four clusters according to different fasting stress, namely one control group (feed regularly), two intermittent fasting groups (fasting period and re-feeding period, respectively), and one long-term fasting group. Intermittent fasting significantly improved the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lysozyme (LZM) (ANOVA, p < 0.05) and significantly increased alpha diversity and ecosystem stability of gut microbiota (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Gut length (GL) and condition factor (CF) showed no significant difference between the control group (CG) and intermittent fasting group under re-feeding period (RIF) (ANOVA, p = 0.11), but relative gut length (RGL) in group RIF was higher than that in the CG (ANOVA, p = 0.00). The bacterial genera Bacteroides, Akkermansia, and Erysipelotrichaceae were enriched in fishes under intermittent fasting. Two Bacteroides OTUs (OTU50 and OTU1292) correlated positively with immune (SOD, complement, and LZM) and growth (GL and RGL) parameters. These results highlight the possible interplay between growth performances, immune function, and gut microbiota in response to fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Li
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Mengting Qi
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | | | - Dongcan Tian
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Weihua Jin
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shijin Wu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Huan Li
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Analysis of Cdcs1 colitogenic effects in the hematopoietic compartment reveals distinct microbiome interaction and a new subcongenic interval active in T cells. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:691-702. [PMID: 30659231 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Disease activity in Interleukin-10-deficient (Il10-/-) mice, a model for IBD, depends on genetic background and microbiome composition. B6.129P2/JZtm-Il10tm1Cgn (B6-Il10-/-) mice are partially resistant to colitis, whereas mice carrying the Cdcs1C3Bir haplotype on chromosome 3, B6.Cg-Il10tm1CgnMMU3(D3Mit11-D3Mit348)/JZtm (BC-R3-Il10-/-), are susceptible. This study was performed to clarify Cdcs1 and candidate gene effects on the colitogenic potential of hematopoietic cells using bone marrow (BM) and T-cell transfer models. Acute and chronic graft versus host reaction was excluded by high-density genotyping, in vitro and in vivo approaches. BM-chimeras were created with animals housed in two barriers (I and II) with distinct microbiota composition as identified by sequencing. BM-chimeras of all groups developed comparable moderate-to-severe colitis in Barrier I, however, in Barrier II only recipients of BC-R3-Il10-/- BM. Subsequent adoptive T cell transfers pointed to a new subcongenic interval within Cdcs1 affecting their colitogenic potential. Transfers excluded Larp7 and Alpk1 but highlighted Ifi44 as potential candidate genes. In this model-system, colitis development after cell transfer heavily depends on microbiome, though Cdcs1 acts mainly independently in hematopoietic cells. A new subcongenic interval, provisionally named Cdcs1.4, modifies colitogenic T cell function. Within this locus, Ifi44 represents an important candidate gene for colitis expression.
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Tronstad RR, Polushina T, Brattbakk HR, Stansberg C, von Volkmann HL, Hanevik K, Ellinghaus E, Jørgensen SF, Ersland KM, Pham KDC, Gilja OH, Hovdenak N, Hausken T, Vatn MH, Franke A, Knappskog PM, Le Hellard S, Karlsen TH, Fiskerstrand T. Genetic and transcriptional analysis of inflammatory bowel disease-associated pathways in patients with GUCY2C-linked familial diarrhea. Scand J Gastroenterol 2019; 53:1264-1273. [PMID: 30353760 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2018.1521867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activating mutations in the GUCY2C gene, which encodes the epithelial receptor guanylate cyclase C, cause diarrhea due to increased loss of sodium chloride to the intestinal lumen. Patients with familial GUCY2C diarrhea syndrome (FGDS) are predisposed to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We investigated whether genes in the guanylate cyclase C pathway are enriched for association with IBD and reversely whether genetic or transcriptional changes associated with IBD are found in FGDS patients. METHODS (1) A set of 27 genes from the guanylate cyclase C pathway was tested for enrichment of association with IBD by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, using genome-wide association summary statistics from 12,882 IBD patients and 21,770 controls. (2) We genotyped 163 known IBD risk loci and sequenced NOD2 in 22 patients with FGDS. Eight of them had concomitant Crohn's disease. (3) Global gene expression analysis was performed in ileal tissue from patients with FGDS, Crohn's disease and healthy individuals. RESULTS The guanylate cyclase C gene set showed a significant enrichment of association in IBD genome-wide association data. Risk variants in NOD2 were found in 7/8 FGDS patients with concomitant Crohn's disease and in 2/14 FDGS patients without Crohn's disease. In ileal tissue, downregulation of metallothioneins characterized FGDS patients compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results support a role of guanylate cyclase C signaling and disturbed electrolyte homeostasis in development of IBD. Furthermore, downregulation of metallothioneins in the ileal mucosa of FGDS patients may contribute to IBD development, possibly alongside effects from NOD2 risk variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune R Tronstad
- a Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,b Department of Paediatrics , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Tatiana Polushina
- c NORMENT- K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,d Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Hans-Richard Brattbakk
- c NORMENT- K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,d Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Christine Stansberg
- c NORMENT- K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,d Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Hilde Løland von Volkmann
- e Department of Clinical Medicine , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,f Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Kurt Hanevik
- a Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- g Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology , Christian Albrechts University of Kiel , Kiel , Germany.,h K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Silje Fjellgård Jørgensen
- h K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.,i Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology and Infectious Diseases , Oslo University Hospital , Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
| | - Kari Merete Ersland
- c NORMENT- K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,d Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Khanh D-C Pham
- f Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Odd Helge Gilja
- e Department of Clinical Medicine , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,j National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Nils Hovdenak
- f Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Trygve Hausken
- e Department of Clinical Medicine , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,f Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Morten H Vatn
- k Department of Clinical Molecular Biology and Laboratory Sciences (EpiGen), Division of Medicine , Akershus University Hospital and.,l Medical Clinic , Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Andre Franke
- g Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology , Christian Albrechts University of Kiel , Kiel , Germany
| | - Per Morten Knappskog
- a Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,m Department of Medical Genetics , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- c NORMENT- K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,d Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Tom Hemming Karlsen
- h K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.,n Research Institute of Internal Medicine , Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway.,o Norwegian PSC Research Centre at the Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer medicine, Surgery and Transplantation , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Torunn Fiskerstrand
- a Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,m Department of Medical Genetics , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
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Liu Y, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Zong S, Tian Y, Chen S, Li M, Liu H, Zhang Q, Jing X, Sun B, Wang H, Sun T, Yang C. Therapeutic effects of lentinan on inflammatory bowel disease and colitis-associated cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:750-760. [PMID: 30472806 PMCID: PMC6349230 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of lentinan in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Lentinan decreased the disease activity index and macroscopic and microscopic colon tissue damage in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced or TNBS-induced models of colitis. High-dose lentinan was more effective than salicylazosulfapyridine in the mouse models of colitis. Lentinan decreased the number of tumours, inflammatory cell infiltration, atypical hyperplasia and nuclear atypia in azoxymethane/DSS-induced CAC model. It also decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-13 and CD30L, in IBD and CAC model mice possibly by inhibiting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signalling and the expression of colon cancer markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin 8, CK18 and p53, in CAC model mice. In addition, lentinan restored the intestinal bacterial microbiotal community structure in IBD model mice. Thus, it shows therapeutic potential in IBD and CAC model mice possibly by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signalling-mediated inflammatory responses and disruption of the intestinal microbiotal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina,Drug Safety Evaluation CenterTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Department of PathologyHospital of Shun Yi DistrictBeijingChina
| | - Yali Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Shumin Zong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yixuan Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Shuang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina
| | - Meng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xueshuang Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina
| | - Bo Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Tao Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Cheng Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchTianjin International Joint Academy of BiomedicineTianjinChina,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
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Yilmaz B, Juillerat P, Øyås O, Ramon C, Bravo FD, Franc Y, Fournier N, Michetti P, Mueller C, Geuking M, Pittet VEH, Maillard MH, Rogler G, Wiest R, Stelling J, Macpherson AJ. Microbial network disturbances in relapsing refractory Crohn's disease. Nat Med 2019; 25:323-336. [PMID: 30664783 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) can be broadly divided into Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) from their clinical phenotypes. Over 150 host susceptibility genes have been described, although most overlap between CD, UC and their subtypes, and they do not adequately account for the overall incidence or the highly variable severity of disease. Replicating key findings between two long-term IBD cohorts, we have defined distinct networks of taxa associations within intestinal biopsies of CD and UC patients. Disturbances in an association network containing taxa of the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families, typically producing short chain fatty acids, characterize frequently relapsing disease and poor responses to treatment with anti-TNF-α therapeutic antibodies. Alterations of taxa within this network also characterize risk of later disease recurrence of patients in remission after the active inflamed segment of CD has been surgically removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahtiyar Yilmaz
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Juillerat
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ove Øyås
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Ramon
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Damian Bravo
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Franc
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Fournier
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Michetti
- Gastroenterology La Source-Beaulieu, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Mueller
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Geuking
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valerie E H Pittet
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel H Maillard
- Gastroenterology La Source-Beaulieu, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Reiner Wiest
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Stelling
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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34
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Harrison CA, Laubitz D, Ohland CL, Midura-Kiela MT, Patil K, Besselsen DG, Jamwal DR, Jobin C, Ghishan FK, Kiela PR. Microbial dysbiosis associated with impaired intestinal Na +/H + exchange accelerates and exacerbates colitis in ex-germ free mice. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1329-1341. [PMID: 29875400 PMCID: PMC6162102 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial Na+/H+ exchange facilitated by the apical NHE3 (Slc9a3) is a highly regulated process inhibited by intestinal pathogens and in inflammatory bowel diseases. NHE3-/- mice develop spontaneous, bacterially mediated colitis, and IBD-like dysbiosis. Disruption of epithelial Na+/H+ exchange in IBD may thus represent a host response contributing to the altered gut microbial ecology, and may play a pivotal role in modulating the severity of inflammation in a microbiome-dependent manner. To test whether microbiome fostered in an NHE3-deficient environment is able to drive mucosal immune responses affecting the onset or severity of colitis, we performed a series of cohousing experiments and fecal microbiome transplants into germ-free Rag-deficient or IL-10-/- mice. We determined that in the settings where the microbiome of NHE3-deficient mice was stably engrafted in the recipient host, it was able accelerate the onset and amplify severity of experimental colitis. NHE3-deficiency was characterized by the reduction in pH-sensitive butyrate-producing Firmicutes families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae (Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa), with an expansion of inflammation-associated Bacteroidaceae. We conclude that the microbiome fostered by impaired epithelial Na+/H+ exchange enhances the onset and severity of colitis through disruption of the gut microbial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy A Harrison
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel Laubitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Karuna Patil
- University Animal Care, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Deepa R Jamwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Christian Jobin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fayez K Ghishan
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Pawel R Kiela
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Leung G, Muise AM. Monogenic Intestinal Epithelium Defects and the Development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 2018; 33:360-369. [PMID: 30109822 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00020.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide, most notably in young children. The development of disease is a combination of several factors, including genetics, environment, the microbiota, and immune system. Recently, next-generation sequencing has allowed for the identification of novel genetic causes for intestinal disease, including pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These IBD genes can generally be grouped into genes causing either primary immunodeficiency or intestinal epithelial defects (the focus of this review). Most of these genes have been functionally validated with in vitro and/or animal models, and have been demonstrated to cause intestinal disease. Intestinal epithelial IBD genes are of particular interest since they are the least amenable to current therapies; therefore, further research is warranted to develop potential therapies. A number of cellular pathways are impacted with intestinal epithelial IBD genes, including intestinal epithelial cell adhesion and generation of reactive oxygen species. Here, we describe the currently known IBD risk alleles and monogenic causal intestinal epithelial genes, their putative roles in preserving intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis, and their implications for IBD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada ; and Department of Paediatrics and Biochemistry, SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada ; and Department of Paediatrics and Biochemistry, SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
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36
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases broadly categorized into Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with increasing prevalence worldwide. The etiology of the disease is complex and involves a combination of genetic, environmental, immunological and gut microbial factors. Recurring and bloody diarrhea is the most prevalent and debilitating symptom in IBD. The pathogenesis of IBD-associated diarrhea is multifactorial and is essentially an outcome of mucosal damage caused by persistent inflammation resulting in dysregulated intestinal ion transport, impaired epithelial barrier function and increased accessibility of the pathogens to the intestinal mucosa. Altered expression and/or function of epithelial ion transporters and channels is the principle cause of electrolyte retention and water accumulation in the intestinal lumen leading to diarrhea in IBD. Aberrant barrier function further contributes to diarrhea via leak-flux mechanism. Mucosal penetration of enteric pathogens promotes dysbiosis and exacerbates the underlying immune system further perpetuating IBD associated-tissue damage and diarrhea. Here, we review the mechanisms of impaired ion transport and loss of epithelial barrier function contributing to diarrhea associated with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arivarasu N Anbazhagan
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Shubha Priyamvada
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Waddah A Alrefai
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.,b Jesse Brown VA Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Pradeep K Dudeja
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.,b Jesse Brown VA Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA
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37
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Absence of Receptor Guanylyl Cyclase C Enhances Ileal Damage and Reduces Cytokine and Antimicrobial Peptide Production during Oral Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00799-17. [PMID: 29463616 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00799-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella disease contributes toward significant morbidity and mortality across the world. Host factors, including gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and gut microbiota, significantly influence the outcome of Salmonella pathogenesis. However, the entire repertoire of host protective mechanisms contributing to Salmonella pathogenicity is not completely appreciated. Here, we investigated the roles of receptor guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C), which is predominantly expressed in the intestine and regulates intestinal cell proliferation and fluid-ion homeostasis. Mice deficient in GC-C (Gucy2c-/-) displayed accelerated mortality compared with that for wild-type mice following infection via the oral route, even though both groups possessed comparable systemic Salmonella infection burdens. Survival following intraperitoneal infection remained similar in both groups, indicating that GC-C offered protection via a gut-mediated response. The serum cortisol level was higher in Gucy2c-/- mice than wild-type (Gucy2c+/+) mice, and an increase in infection-induced thymic atrophy with a loss of immature CD4+ CD8+ double-positive thymocytes was observed. Accelerated and enhanced damage in the ileum, including submucosal edema, epithelial cell damage, focal tufting, and distortion of the villus architecture, was seen in Gucy2c-/- mice concomitantly with a larger number of ileal tissue-associated bacteria. Transcription of key mediators of Salmonella-induced inflammation (interleukin-22/Reg3β) was altered in Gucy2c-/- mice in comparison to that in Gucy2c+/+ mice. A reduction in fecal lactobacilli, which are protective against Salmonella infection, was observed in Gucy2c-/- mice. Gucy2c-/- mice cohoused with wild-type mice continued to show reduced amounts of lactobacilli and increased susceptibility to infection. Our study, therefore, suggests that the receptor GC-C confers a survival advantage during gut-mediated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium pathogenesis, presumably by regulating Salmonella effector mechanisms and maintaining a beneficial microbiome.
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38
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Abstract
The gut has great importance for the commercial success of poultry production. Numerous ion transporters, exchangers, and channels are present on both the apical and the basolateral membrane of intestinal epithelial cells, and their differential expression along the crypt-villus axis within the various intestinal segments ensures efficient intestinal absorption and effective barrier function. Recent studies have shown that intensive production systems, microbial exposure, and nutritional management significantly affect intestinal physiology and intestinal ion transport. Dysregulation of normal intestinal ion transport is manifested as diarrhoea, malabsorption, and intestinal inflammation resulting into poor production efficiency. This review discusses the basic mechanisms involved in avian intestinal ion transport and the impact of development during growth, nutritional and environmental alterations, and intestinal microbial infections on it. The effect of intestinal microbial infections on avian intestinal ion transport depends on factors such as host immunity, pathogen virulence, and the mucosal organisation of the particular intestinal segment.
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39
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NOX1 loss-of-function genetic variants in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:562-574. [PMID: 29091079 PMCID: PMC5924597 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic defects that affect intestinal epithelial barrier function can present with very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD). Using whole-genome sequencing, a novel hemizygous defect in NOX1 encoding NAPDH oxidase 1 was identified in a patient with ulcerative colitis-like VEOIBD. Exome screening of 1,878 pediatric patients identified further seven male inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with rare NOX1 mutations. Loss-of-function was validated in p.N122H and p.T497A, and to a lesser degree in p.Y470H, p.R287Q, p.I67M, p.Q293R as well as the previously described p.P330S, and the common NOX1 SNP p.D360N (rs34688635) variant. The missense mutation p.N122H abrogated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cell lines, ex vivo colonic explants, and patient-derived colonic organoid cultures. Within colonic crypts, NOX1 constitutively generates a high level of ROS in the crypt lumen. Analysis of 9,513 controls and 11,140 IBD patients of non-Jewish European ancestry did not reveal an association between p.D360N and IBD. Our data suggest that loss-of-function variants in NOX1 do not cause a Mendelian disorder of high penetrance but are a context-specific modifier. Our results implicate that variants in NOX1 change brush border ROS within colonic crypts at the interface between the epithelium and luminal microbes.
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40
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Engevik AC, Goldenring JR. Trafficking Ion Transporters to the Apical Membrane of Polarized Intestinal Enterocytes. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a027979. [PMID: 28264818 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal tract require distinct apical and basolateral domains to function properly. Trafficking and insertion of enzymes and transporters into the apical brush border of intestinal epithelial cells is essential for effective digestion and absorption of nutrients. Specific critical ion transporters are delivered to the apical brush border to facilitate fluid and electrolyte uptake. Maintenance of these apical transporters requires both targeted delivery and regulated membrane recycling. Examination of altered apical trafficking in patients with Microvillus Inclusion disease caused by inactivating mutations in MYO5B has led to insights into the regulation of apical trafficking by elements of the apical recycling system. Modeling of MYO5B loss in cell culture and animal models has led to recognition of Rab11a and Rab8a as critical regulators of apical brush border function. All of these studies show the importance of apical membrane trafficking dynamics in maintenance of polarized epithelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Christine Engevik
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - James R Goldenring
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.,Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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41
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Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 Is Important for Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function and Susceptibility to Colitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:353-366. [PMID: 29128569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells form a barrier that is critical in protecting the host from the hostile luminal environment. Previously, we showed that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor 1 regulates proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells, such that the absence of LPA1 mitigates the epithelial wound healing process. This study provides evidence that LPA1 is important for the maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity. The epithelial permeability, determined by fluorescently labeled dextran flux and transepithelial resistance, is increased in the intestine of mice with global deletion of Lpar1, Lpar1-/- (Lpa1-/-). Serum liposaccharide level and bacteria loads in the intestinal mucosa and peripheral organs were elevated in Lpa1-/- mice. Decreased claudin-4, caudin-7, and E-cadherin expression in Lpa1-/- mice further suggested defective apical junction integrity in these mice. Regulation of LPA1 expression in Caco-2 cells modulated epithelial permeability and the expression levels of junctional proteins. The increased epithelial permeability in Lpa1-/- mice correlated with increased susceptibility to an experimental model of colitis. This resulted in more severe inflammation and increased mortality compared with control mice. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ significantly increased paracellular permeability, which was blocked by cotreatment with LPA, but not LPA1 knockdown cells. Similarly, orally given LPA blocked tumor necrosis factor-mediated intestinal barrier defect in mice. LPA1 plays a significant role in maintenance of epithelial barrier in the intestine via regulation of apical junction integrity.
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42
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Guanylate Cyclase C Activation Shapes the Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Familial Diarrhea and Increased Susceptibility for Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017; 23:1752-1761. [PMID: 28902124 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With 25% prevalence of Crohn's disease, Familial GUCY2C diarrhea syndrome (FGDS) is a monogenic disorder potentially suited to study initiating factors in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to characterize the impact of an activating GUCY2C mutation on the gut microbiota in patients with FGDS controlling for Crohn's disease status and to determine whether changes share features with those observed in unrelated patients with IBD. METHODS Bacterial DNA from fecal samples collected from patients with FGDS (N = 20), healthy relatives (N = 11), unrelated healthy individuals (N = 263), and IBD controls (N = 46) was subjected to sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene to determine gut microbiota composition. Food frequency questionnaires were obtained from patients with FGDS and their relatives. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, FGDS displayed prominent changes in many microbial lineages including increase in Enterobacteriaceae, loss of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii but an unchanged intraindividual (alpha) diversity. The depletion of F. prausnitzii is in line with what is typically observed in Crohn's disease. There was no significant difference in the dietary profile between the patients and related controls. The gut microbiota in related and unrelated healthy controls was also similar, suggesting that diet and familial factors do not explain the gut microbiota alterations in FGDS. CONCLUSIONS The findings support that the activating mutation in GUCY2C creates an intestinal environment with a major influence on the microbiota, which could contribute to the increased susceptibility to IBD in patients with FGDS.
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43
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De Arcangelis A, Hamade H, Alpy F, Normand S, Bruyère E, Lefebvre O, Méchine-Neuville A, Siebert S, Pfister V, Lepage P, Laquerriere P, Dembele D, Delanoye-Crespin A, Rodius S, Robine S, Kedinger M, Van Seuningen I, Simon-Assmann P, Chamaillard M, Labouesse M, Georges-Labouesse E. Hemidesmosome integrity protects the colon against colitis and colorectal cancer. Gut 2017; 66:1748-1760. [PMID: 27371534 PMCID: PMC5595104 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological and clinical data indicate that patients suffering from IBD with long-standing colitis display a higher risk to develop colorectal high-grade dysplasia. Whereas carcinoma invasion and metastasis rely on basement membrane (BM) disruption, experimental evidence is lacking regarding the potential contribution of epithelial cell/BM anchorage on inflammation onset and subsequent neoplastic transformation of inflammatory lesions. Herein, we analyse the role of the α6β4 integrin receptor found in hemidesmosomes that attach intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to the laminin-containing BM. DESIGN We developed new mouse models inducing IEC-specific ablation of α6 integrin either during development (α6ΔIEC) or in adults (α6ΔIEC-TAM). RESULTS Strikingly, all α6ΔIEC mutant mice spontaneously developed long-standing colitis, which degenerated overtime into infiltrating adenocarcinoma. The sequence of events leading to disease onset entails hemidesmosome disruption, BM detachment, IL-18 overproduction by IECs, hyperplasia and enhanced intestinal permeability. Likewise, IEC-specific ablation of α6 integrin induced in adult mice (α6ΔIEC-TAM) resulted in fully penetrant colitis and tumour progression. Whereas broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment lowered tissue pathology and IL-1β secretion from infiltrating myeloid cells, it failed to reduce Th1 and Th17 response. Interestingly, while the initial intestinal inflammation occurred independently of the adaptive immune system, tumourigenesis required B and T lymphocyte activation. CONCLUSIONS We provide for the first time evidence that loss of IECs/BM interactions triggered by hemidesmosome disruption initiates the development of inflammatory lesions that progress into high-grade dysplasia and carcinoma. Colorectal neoplasia in our mouse models resemble that seen in patients with IBD, making them highly attractive for discovering more efficient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle De Arcangelis
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France,Inserm, U964, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hussein Hamade
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France,Inserm, U964, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Current address: F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fabien Alpy
- Inserm, U964, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1109, MNT3 Team, Strasbourg, France,Current address: Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | - Sylvain Normand
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 8204—CIIL—Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Bruyère
- Inserm, Université de Lille, CHRU Lille, UMR-S 1172—Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Lefebvre
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1109, MNT3 Team, Strasbourg, France,LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Agnès Méchine-Neuville
- Inserm, U1109, MNT3 Team, Strasbourg, France,CHRU Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Service d'anatomo-pathologie, Strasbourg, France,Current address: Département de Pathologie, Institut Bergonie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Siebert
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France,Inserm, U964, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Pfister
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France,Inserm, U964, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patricia Lepage
- UMR1319—MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech,Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Patrice Laquerriere
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,CNRS, UMR 7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien,Strasbourg, France
| | - Doulaye Dembele
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France,Inserm, U964, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Delanoye-Crespin
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 8204—CIIL—Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Rodius
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France,Inserm, U964, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Current address: NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, CRP-Santé, Luxembourg
| | - Sylvie Robine
- Institut Curie, Paris, France,CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Kedinger
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1109, MNT3 Team, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- Inserm, Université de Lille, CHRU Lille, UMR-S 1172—Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France
| | - Patricia Simon-Assmann
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1109, MNT3 Team, Strasbourg, France,LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathias Chamaillard
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 8204—CIIL—Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Michel Labouesse
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France,Inserm, U964, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Current address: UMR7622, IBPS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Georges-Labouesse
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France,Inserm, U964, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Shashikanth N, Yeruva S, Ong MLDM, Odenwald MA, Pavlyuk R, Turner JR. Epithelial Organization: The Gut and Beyond. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:1497-1518. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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45
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Uhlig HH, Muise AM. Clinical Genomics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Trends Genet 2017; 33:629-641. [PMID: 28755896 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genomic technologies inform the complex genetic basis of polygenic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as well as Mendelian disease-associated IBD. Aiming to diagnose patients that present with extreme phenotypes due to monogenic forms of IBD, genomics has progressed from 'orphan disease' research towards an integrated standard of clinical care. Advances in diagnostic clinical genomics are increasingly complemented by pathway-specific therapies that aim to correct the consequences of genetic defects. This highlights the exceptional potential for personalized precision medicine. IBD is nevertheless a challenging example for genomic medicine because the overall fraction of patients with Mendelian defects is low, the number of potential candidate genes is high, and interventional evidence is still emerging. We discuss requirements and prospects of explanatory and predictive clinical genomics in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- Program in Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kim SE, Choo J, Yoon J, Chu JR, Bae YJ, Lee S, Park T, Sung MK. Genome-wide analysis identifies colonic genes differentially associated with serum leptin and insulin concentrations in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171664. [PMID: 28170448 PMCID: PMC5295695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced chronic inflammation is known to increase the risk of ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and colorectal cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that leptin and insulin are key molecules linking obesity with diseases of the lower intestine. Here, we identified serum phenotype-associated genes in the colon of diet-induced obese mice as early biomarkers of obesity-associated colonic diseases. C57BL/6J mice were fed with either normal diet (ND, 15% of fat calories) or high-fat diet (HFD, 45% of fat calories) for 8 weeks. Serum concentrations of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), leptin, and adiponectin were measured as obesity-related phenotypic markers. Genome-wide gene expression profiles of colon tissue were determined, followed by statistical analyses to detect differentially expressed and serum phenotype-associated genes. HFD-fed mice showed higher serum concentrations of leptin (P < 0.001) and insulin (P < 0.01) than those in the ND group, whereas serum IGF-1 and adiponectin concentrations did not differ between the two dietary groups. Among differentially expressed genes affected by HFD, 135, 128, 110, and 341 genes were associated with serum levels of leptin, insulin, IGF-1, and adiponectin, respectively. We identified 17 leptin-associated genes and 4 insulin-associated genes that inversely responded to HFD and ND. Among these, leptin-associated Peli3 (Pellino E3 ubiquitin protein ligase family member 3), Creb1 (cAMP responsive element binding protein 1), and Enpp2 (ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2, autotaxin) and insulin-associated Centg1 (AGAP2, ArfGAP with GTPase domain) are reported to play a role either in obesity or colonic diseases. mRNA expression of these genes was validated by RT-qPCR. Our data suggest Peli3, Creb1, Enpp2, and Centg1 as potential early biomarker candidates for obesity-induced pathophysiological changes in the colon. Future studies verifying the function of these candidates are needed for the prevention, early detection, and treatment of colon diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsil Choo
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ryang Chu
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jung Bae
- Division of Food Science and Culinary Arts, Shinhan University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeoun Lee
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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47
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Wang C, Huang Z, Yu K, Ding R, Ye K, Dai C, Xu X, Zhou G, Li C. High-Salt Diet Has a Certain Impact on Protein Digestion and Gut Microbiota: A Sequencing and Proteome Combined Study. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1838. [PMID: 29033907 PMCID: PMC5627008 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-salt diet has been considered to cause health problems, but it is still less known how high-salt diet affects gut microbiota, protein digestion, and passage in the digestive tract. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed low- or high-salt diets (0.25 vs. 3.15% NaCl) for 8 weeks, and then gut contents and feces were collected. Fecal microbiota was identified by sequencing the V4 region of 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Proteins and digested products of duodenal, jejunal, cecal, and colonic contents were identified by LC-MS-MS. The results indicated that the high-salt diet increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, the abundances of genera Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcus (P < 0.05), but decreased the abundance of Lactobacillus (P < 0.05). LC-MS-MS revealed a dynamic change of proteins from the diet, host, and gut microbiota alongside the digestive tract. For dietary proteins, high-salt diet seemed not influence its protein digestion and absorption. For host proteins, 20 proteins of lower abundance were identified in the high-salt diet group in duodenal contents, which were involved in digestive enzymes and pancreatic secretion. However, no significant differentially expressed proteins were detected in jejunal, cecal, and colonic contents. For bacterial proteins, proteins secreted by gut microbiota were involved in energy metabolism, sodium transport, and protein folding. Five proteins (cytidylate kinase, trigger factor, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, transporter, and undecaprenyl-diphosphatase) had a higher abundance in the high-salt diet group than those in the low-salt group, while two proteins (acetylglutamate kinase and PBSX phage manganese-containing catalase) were over-expressed in the low-salt diet group than in the high-salt group. Consequently, high-salt diet may alter the composition of gut microbiota and has a certain impact on protein digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety ControlNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of EducationNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, Ministry of AgricultureNanjing, China
- College of Food Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Zixin Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety ControlNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of EducationNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, Ministry of AgricultureNanjing, China
- College of Food Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Kequan Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety ControlNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of EducationNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, Ministry of AgricultureNanjing, China
- College of Food Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Ruiling Ding
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety ControlNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of EducationNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, Ministry of AgricultureNanjing, China
- College of Food Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Keping Ye
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety ControlNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of EducationNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, Ministry of AgricultureNanjing, China
- College of Food Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Chen Dai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety ControlNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of EducationNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, Ministry of AgricultureNanjing, China
- College of Food Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety ControlNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of EducationNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, Ministry of AgricultureNanjing, China
- College of Food Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety ControlNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of EducationNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, Ministry of AgricultureNanjing, China
- College of Food Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Chunbao Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety ControlNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of EducationNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, Ministry of AgricultureNanjing, China
- College of Food Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunbao Li,
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Abstract
Several members of the SLC9A family of Na+/H+ exchangers are expressed in the gut, with varying expression patterns and cellular localization. Not only do they participate in the regulation of basic epithelial cell functions, including control of transepithelial Na+ absorption, intracellular pH (pH i ), cell volume, and nutrient absorption, but also in cellular proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Additionally, they modulate the extracellular milieu in order to facilitate other nutrient absorption and to regulate the intestinal microbial microenvironment. Na+/H+ exchangers are frequent targets of inhibition in gastrointestinal pathologies, either by intrinsic factors (e.g. bile acids, inflammatory mediators) or infectious agents and associated microbial toxins. Based on emerging evidence, disruption of NHE activity via impaired expression or function of respective isoforms may contribute not only to local and systemic electrolyte imbalance, but also to the disease severity via multiple mechanisms. Here, we review the current state of knowledge about the roles Na+/H+ exchangers play in the pathogenesis of disorders of diverse origin and affecting a range of GI tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Gurney
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Daniel Laubitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Fayez K. Ghishan
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Pawel R. Kiela
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona,Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Pawel R. Kiela, DVM, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724. fax: (520) 626-4141.Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona1501 North Campbell AvenueTucsonArizona 85724
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49
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Targeting the complex interactions between microbiota, host epithelial and immune cells in inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:574-584. [PMID: 27702681 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disorder that includes two distinct disease categories: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Epidemiological, genetic, and experimental studies have revealed many important aspects of IBD. Genetic susceptibility, inappropriate immune responses, environmental changes, and intestinal microbiota are all associated with the development of IBD. However, the exact mechanisms of the disease and the interactions among these pathogenic factors are largely unknown. Here we introduce recent findings from experimental colitis models that investigated the interactions between host genetic susceptibility and gut microbiota. In addition, we discuss new strategies for the treatment of IBD, focusing on the complex interactions between microbiota and host epithelial and immune cells.
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50
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Müller T, Rasool I, Heinz-Erian P, Mildenberger E, Hülstrunk C, Müller A, Michaud L, Koot BGP, Ballauff A, Vodopiutz J, Rosipal S, Petersen BS, Franke A, Fuchs I, Witt H, Zoller H, Janecke AR, Visweswariah SS. Congenital secretory diarrhoea caused by activating germline mutations in GUCY2C. Gut 2016; 65:1306-13. [PMID: 25994218 PMCID: PMC4975829 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital sodium diarrhoea (CSD) refers to a form of secretory diarrhoea with intrauterine onset and high faecal losses of sodium without congenital malformations. The molecular basis for CSD remains unknown. We clinically characterised a cohort of infants with CSD and set out to identify disease-causing mutations by genome-wide genetic testing. DESIGN We performed whole-exome sequencing and chromosomal microarray analyses in 4 unrelated patients, followed by confirmatory Sanger sequencing of the likely disease-causing mutations in patients and in their family members, followed by functional studies. RESULTS We identified novel de novo missense mutations in GUCY2C, the gene encoding receptor guanylate cyclase C (GC-C) in 4 patients with CSD. One patient developed severe, early-onset IBD and chronic arthritis at 4 years of age. GC-C is an intestinal brush border membrane-bound guanylate cyclase, which functions as receptor for guanylin, uroguanylin and Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin. Mutations in GUCY2C were present in different intracellular domains of GC-C, and were activating mutations that enhanced intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate accumulation in a ligand-independent and ligand-stimulated manner, following heterologous expression in HEK293T cells. CONCLUSIONS Dominant gain-of-function GUCY2C mutations lead to elevated intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels and could explain the chronic diarrhoea as a result of decreased intestinal sodium and water absorption and increased chloride secretion. Thus, mutations in GUCY2C indicate a role for this receptor in the pathogenesis of sporadic CSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Müller
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Insha Rasool
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Peter Heinz-Erian
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva Mildenberger
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Hülstrunk
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Laurent Michaud
- Clinique de Pédiatrie, Pôle enfant, Hôpital J de Flandre CHRU de Lille, Inserm U995, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Bart G P Koot
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Julia Vodopiutz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Rosipal
- Pediatric Clinic of Preventive Medicine in Poprad, Slovak Health University, Poprad,Slovakia
| | - Britt-Sabina Petersen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Irene Fuchs
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heiko Witt
- Pädiatrische Ernährungsmedizin, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum (EKFZ) für Ernährungsmedizin, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Heinz Zoller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas R Janecke
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sandhya S Visweswariah
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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