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Chen P, Song Y, Tang L, Qiu Z, Chen J, Xia S, Iyaswamy A, Cai J, Sun Y, Yang C, Wang J. Integrated RNA sequencing and biochemical studies reveal endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy dysregulation contribute to Tri (2-Ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP)-induced cell injury in Sertoli cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124536. [PMID: 39029862 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Tri (2-Ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), widely used as a fire retardant and plasticizer, has been commonly found in the environment. Its potential health-related risks, especially reproductive toxicity, have aroused concern. However, the potential cellular mechanisms remain unexplored. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying TEHP-caused cell damage in Sertoli cells, which play a crucial role in supporting spermatogenesis. Our findings indicate that TEHP induces apoptosis in 15P-1 mouse Sertoli cells. Subsequently, we conducted RNA sequencing analyses, which suggested that ER stress, autophagy, and MAPK-related pathways may participate in TEHP-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TEHP triggers ER stress, activates p38 MAPK, and inhibits autophagy flux. Then, we showed that the inhibition of ER stress or p38 MAPK activation attenuates TEHP-induced apoptosis, while the inhibition of autophagy flux is responsible for TEHP-induced apoptosis. These results collectively reveal that TEHP induces ER stress, activates p38, and inhibits autophagy flux, ultimately leading to apoptosis in Sertoli cells. These shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying TEHP-associated testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchen Chen
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yali Song
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Tang
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuolin Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyu Xia
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, India
| | - Jing Cai
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanbin Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jigang Wang
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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2
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Fomo KN, Perumal N, Manicam C, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Neuroretinal Cell Culture Model as a Tool for the Development of New Therapeutic Approaches for Oxidative Stress-Induced Ocular Diseases, with a Focus on Glaucoma. Cells 2024; 13:775. [PMID: 38727311 PMCID: PMC11083839 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of optic neuropathies characterized by a progressive degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), leading to irreversible vision loss. Nowadays, the traditional therapeutic approach to glaucoma consists of lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP), which does not address the neurodegenerative features of the disease. Besides animal models of glaucoma, there is a considerable need for in vitro experimental models to propose new therapeutic strategies for this ocular disease. In this study, we elucidated the pathological mechanisms leading to neuroretinal R28 cell death after exposure to glutamate and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in order to develop new therapeutic approaches for oxidative stress-induced retinal diseases, including glaucoma. We were able to show that glutamate and H2O2 can induce a decrease in R28 cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. A cell viability of about 42% was found after exposure to 3 mM of glutamate and about 56% after exposure to 100 µM of H2O2 (n = 4). Label-free quantitative mass spectrometry analysis revealed differential alterations of 193 and 311 proteins in R28 cells exposed to 3 mM of glutamate and 100 µM of H2O2, respectively (FDR < 1%; p < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the protein changes were associated with the dysregulation of signaling pathways, which was similar to those observed in glaucoma. Thus, the proteomic alteration induced by glutamate was associated with the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. On the other hand, H2O2-induced toxicity in R28 cells was linked to the activation of apoptosis signaling and the inhibition of the mTOR and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, the data show a similarity in the inhibition of the EIF2 and AMPK signaling pathways and the activation of the sumoylation and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways in both groups. Our findings suggest that the exposure of R28 cells to glutamate and H2O2 could induce glaucoma-like neurodegenerative features and potentially provide a suitable tool for the development of new therapeutic strategies for retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Franz H. Grus
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.N.F.); (N.P.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
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3
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Liao Y, Huang J, Wang Z, Yang Z, Shu Y, Gan S, Wang Z, Lu W. The phosphokinase activity of IRE1ɑ prevents the oxidative stress injury through miR-25/Nox4 pathway after ICH. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14537. [PMID: 37994671 PMCID: PMC11017440 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress are the major pathologies encountered after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Inositol-requiring enzyme-1 alpha (IRE1α) is the most evolutionarily conserved ER stress sensor, which plays a role in monitoring and responding to the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. Recent studies have shown that ER stress is profoundly related to oxidative stress in physiological or pathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of IRE1α in oxidative stress and the potential mechanism. METHODS A mouse model of ICH was established by autologous blood injection. The IRE1α phosphokinase inhibitor KIRA6 was administrated intranasally at 1 h after ICH, antagomiR-25 and agomiR-25 were injected intraventricularly at 24 h before ICH. Western blot analysis, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence staining, hematoma volume, neurobehavioral tests, dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, H2O2 content, brain water content, body weight, Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining, Nissl staining, Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) were performed. RESULTS Endogenous phosphorylated IRE1α (p-IRE1α), miR-25-3p, and Nox4 were increased in the ICH model. Administration of KIRA6 downregulated miR-25-3p expression, upregulated Nox4 expression, promoted the level of oxidative stress, increased hematoma volume, exacerbated brain edema and neurological deficits, reduced body weight, aggravated spatial learning and memory deficits, and increased anxiety levels. Then antagomiR-25 further upregulated the expression of Nox4, promoted the level of oxidative stress, increased hematoma volume, exacerbated brain edema and neurological deficits, whereas agomiR-25 reversed the effects promoted by KIRA6. CONCLUSION The IRE1α phosphokinase activity is involved in the oxidative stress response through miR-25/Nox4 pathway in the mouse ICH brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Liao
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Medical CollegeSichuan University of Arts and ScienceDazhouChina
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhengyu Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yue Shu
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Shengwei Gan
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhixu Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Weitian Lu
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Liang C, Lv H, Liu W, Wang Q, Yao X, Li X, Hu Z, Wang J, Zhu L, Wang J. Mechanism of the adverse outcome of Chlorella vulgaris exposure to diethyl phthalate: Water environmental health reflected by primary producer toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168876. [PMID: 38013100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
As a ubiquitous contaminant in aquatic environments, diethyl phthalate (DEP) is a major threat to ecosystems because of its increasing utilization. However, the ecological responses to and toxicity mechanisms of DEP in aquatic organisms remain poorly understood. To address this environmental concern, we selected Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) as a model organism and investigated the toxicological effects of environmentally relevant DEP concentrations at the individual, physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. Results showed that the incorporation of DEP significantly inhibited the growth of C. vulgaris, with inhibition rates ranging from 10.3 % to 83.47 %, and disrupted intracellular chloroplast structure at the individual level, while the decrease in photosynthetic pigments, with inhibition rates ranging from 8.95 % to 73.27 %, and the imbalance of redox homeostasis implied an adverse effect of DEP at the physio-biochemical level. Furthermore, DEP significantly reduced the metabolic activity of algal cells and negatively altered the cell membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, the apoptosis rate of algal cells presented a significant dose-effect relationship, which was mainly attributed to the fact that DEP pollutants regulated Ca2+ homeostasis and further increased the expression of Caspase-8, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3, which are associated with internal and external pathways. The gene transcriptional expression profile further revealed that DEP-mediated toxicity in C. vulgaris was mainly related to the destruction of the photosynthetic system, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and DNA replication. Overall, this study offers constructive understandings for a comprehensive assessment of the toxicity risks posed by DEP to C. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliu Liang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Huijuan Lv
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Wenrong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xianxu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Zhuran Hu
- Shandong Green and Blue Bio-technology Co. Ltd, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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5
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Kwon C, Cho W, Choi SW, Oh H, Abd El-Aty AM, Gecili I, Jeong JH, Jung TW. DEL-1: a promising treatment for AMD-associated ER stress in retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Transl Med 2024; 22:38. [PMID: 38195611 PMCID: PMC10775473 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an irreversible eye disease that can cause blurred vision. Regular exercise has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy for treating AMD, but how exercise improves AMD is not yet understood. This study investigated the protective effects of developmental endothelial locus-1 (DEL-1), a myokine upregulated during exercise, on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced injury in retinal pigment epithelial cells. METHODS We evaluated the levels of AMPK phosphorylation, autophagy markers, and ER stress markers in DEL-1-treated human retinal pigment epithelial cells (hRPE) using Western blotting. We also performed cell viability, caspase 3 activity assays, and autophagosome staining. RESULTS Our findings showed that treatment with recombinant DEL-1 dose-dependently reduced the impairment of cell viability and caspase 3 activity in tunicamycin-treated hRPE cells. DEL-1 treatment also alleviated tunicamycin-induced ER stress markers and VEGF expression. Moreover, AMPK phosphorylation and autophagy markers were increased in hRPE cells in the presence of DEL-1. However, the effects of DEL-1 on ER stress, VEGF expression, and apoptosis in tunicamycin-treated hRPE cells were reduced by AMPK siRNA or 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that DEL-1, a myokine, may have potential as a treatment strategy for AMD by attenuating ER stress-induced injury in retinal pigment epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wonjun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseung Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ibrahim Gecili
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea.
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McLaughlin T, Wang G, Medina A, Perkins J, Nihlawi R, Seyfried D, Hu Z, Wang JJ, Zhang SX. Essential Role of XBP1 in Maintaining Photoreceptor Synaptic Integrity in Early Diabetic Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:40. [PMID: 38015176 PMCID: PMC10691399 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.14.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in working-age adults characterized by retinal dysfunction and neurovascular degeneration. We previously reported that deletion of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) leads to accelerated retinal neurodegeneration in diabetes; however, the mechanisms remain elusive. The goal of this study is to determine the role of XBP1 in the regulation of photoreceptor synaptic integrity in early DR. Methods Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin in retina-specific XBP1 conditional knockout (cKO) or wild-type (WT) mice to generate diabetic cKO (cKO/DM) or WT/DM mice for comparison with nondiabetic cKO (cKO/NDM) and WT/NDM mice. Retinal morphology, structure, and function were assessed by immunohistochemistry, optical coherence tomography, and electroretinogram (ERG) after 3 months of diabetes. The synapses between photoreceptors and bipolar cells were examined by confocal microscopy, and synaptic integrity was quantified using the QUANTOS algorithm. Results We found a thinning of the outer nuclear layer and a decline in the b-wave amplitude in dark- and light-adapted ERG in cKO/DM mice compared to all other groups. In line with these changes, cKO mice showed increased loss of synaptic integrity compared to WT mice, regardless of diabetes status. In searching for candidate molecules responsible for the loss of photoreceptor synaptic integrity in diabetic and XBP1-deficient retinas, we found decreased mRNA and protein levels of DLG4/PSD-95 in cKO/DM retina compared to WT/DM. Conclusions These findings suggest that XBP1 is a crucial regulator in maintaining synaptic integrity and retinal function, possibly through regulation of synaptic scaffold proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd McLaughlin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Grant Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Andy Medina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Jacob Perkins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Rhudwan Nihlawi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Don Seyfried
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Zihua Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States
- Center for Computational Research, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Joshua J. Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Sarah X. Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States
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7
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Yang X, Zhou T, Wang X, Xia Y, Cao X, Cheng X, Cao Y, Ma P, Ma H, Qin A, Zhao J. Loss of DDRGK1 impairs IRE1α UFMylation in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4709-4725. [PMID: 37781516 PMCID: PMC10539710 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.82765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) is a rare disease in which cartilage growth is disrupted, and the DDRGK1 mutation is one of the causative genes. In our study, we established Ddrgk1fl/fl, Col2a1-ERT Cre mice, which showed a thickened hypertrophic zone (HZ) in the growth plate, simulating the previous reported SEMD pathology in vivo. Instead of the classical modulation mechanism towards SOX9, our further mechanism study found that DDRGK1 stabilizes the stress sensor endoplasmic reticulum-to-nucleus signaling 1 (IRE1α) to maintain endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homoeostasis. The loss of DDRGK1 decreased the UFMylation and subsequently led to increased ubiquitylation-mediated IRE1α degradation, causing ER dysfunction and activating the PERK/CHOP/Caspase3 apoptosis pathway. Further DDRGK1 K268R-mutant mice revealed the importance of K268 UFMylation site in IRE1α degradation and subsequent ER dysfunction. In conclusion, DDRGK1 stabilizes IRE1α to ameliorate ER stress and following apoptosis in chondrocytes, which finally promote the normal chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tangjun Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiankun Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peixiang Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - An Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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8
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Markitantova Y, Simirskii V. Endogenous and Exogenous Regulation of Redox Homeostasis in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells: An Updated Antioxidant Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10776. [PMID: 37445953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) performs a range of necessary functions within the neural layers of the retina and helps ensure vision. The regulation of pro-oxidative and antioxidant processes is the basis for maintaining RPE homeostasis and preventing retinal degenerative processes. Long-term stable changes in the redox balance under the influence of endogenous or exogenous factors can lead to oxidative stress (OS) and the development of a number of retinal pathologies associated with RPE dysfunction, and can eventually lead to vision loss. Reparative autophagy, ubiquitin-proteasome utilization, the repair of damaged proteins, and the maintenance of their conformational structure are important interrelated mechanisms of the endogenous defense system that protects against oxidative damage. Antioxidant protection of RPE cells is realized as a result of the activity of specific transcription factors, a large group of enzymes, chaperone proteins, etc., which form many signaling pathways in the RPE and the retina. Here, we discuss the role of the key components of the antioxidant defense system (ADS) in the cellular response of the RPE against OS. Understanding the role and interactions of OS mediators and the components of the ADS contributes to the formation of ideas about the subtle mechanisms in the regulation of RPE cellular functions and prospects for experimental approaches to restore RPE functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Markitantova
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Simirskii
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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9
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Chen P, Song Y, Tang L, Zhong W, Zhang J, Cao M, Chen J, Cheng G, Li H, Fan T, Kwok HF, Wang J, Yang C, Xiao W. Tributyltin chloride (TBTCL) induces cell injury via dysregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in Leydig cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130785. [PMID: 36860030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin chloride (TBTCL), a commonly used antiseptic substance, is commonly found in the environment. Human exposure to TBTCL through the consumption of contaminated seafood, fish, or drinking water has aroused concern. It is well-characterized that TBTCL has multiple detrimental effects on the male reproductive system. However, the potential cellular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Here, we characterized molecular mechanisms of TBTCL-induced cell injury in Leydig cells, a critical supporter for spermatogenesis. We showed that TBTCL induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in TM3 mouse Leydig cells. RNA sequencing analyses revealed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy were potentially involved in TBTCL-induced cytotoxicity. We further showed that TBTCL causes ER stress and inhibited autophagy flux. Notably, the inhibition of ER stress attenuates not only TBTCL-induces autophagy flux inhibition but also apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Meanwhile, the activation of autophagy alleviates, and inhibition of autophagy exaggerates TBTCL-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest flux. These results suggest that TBTCL-induced ER stress and autophagy flux inhibition contributed to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in Leydig cells, providing novel understanding into the mechanisms of TBTCL-induced testis toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchen Chen
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Yali Song
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Tang
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbin Zhong
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - JingJing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Guangqing Cheng
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianyun Fan
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jigang Wang
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China; Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China; Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chuanbin Yang
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China; Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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10
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Pham DV, Shrestha P, Nguyen TK, Park J, Pandit M, Chang JH, Kim SY, Choi DY, Han SS, Choi I, Park GH, Jeong JH, Park PH. Modulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes activation contributes to improved survival and function of mesenchymal stromal cell spheroids. Mol Ther 2023; 31:890-908. [PMID: 36566348 PMCID: PMC10014231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ubiquitous multipotent cells that exhibit significant therapeutic potentials in a variety of disorders. Nevertheless, their clinical efficacy is limited owing to poor survival, low rate of engraftment, and impaired potency upon transplantation. Spheroidal three-dimensional (3D) culture of MSCs (MSC3D) has been proven to better preserve their in vivo functional properties. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the improvement in MSC function by spheroid formation are not clearly understood. NLRP3 inflammasomes, a key component of the innate immune system, have recently been shown to play a role in cell fate decision of MSCs. The present study examined the role of NLRP3 inflammasomes in the survival and potency of MSC spheroids. We found that MSC3D led to decreased activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes through alleviation of ER stress in an autophagy-dependent manner. Importantly, downregulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes signaling critically contributes to the enhanced survival rate in MSC3D through modulation of pyroptosis and apoptosis. The critical role of NLRP3 inflammasome suppression in the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of MSC spheroids was further confirmed in an in vivo mouse model of DSS-induced colitis. These findings suggest that 3D culture confers survival and functional advantages to MSCs by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Vinh Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Prakash Shrestha
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi-Kem Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeung Park
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Pandit
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Han
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Hwan Park
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Huo Y, Ma F, Li T, Lei C, Liao J, Han Q, Li Y, Pan J, Hu L, Guo J, Tang Z. Exposure to copper activates mitophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in chicken (Gallus gallus) cerebrum. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:392-402. [PMID: 36350156 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of copper (Cu) used in production activities can lead to the enrichment of Cu in the environment, which can cause toxicity to animals. However, the toxicity mechanism of Cu on the cerebrum is still uncertain. Hence, a total of 240 chickens were separated into four groups in this study to reveal the potential connection between mitophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in the chicken cerebrum in the case of excess Cu exposure. The cu exposure situation was simulated by diets containing various levels of copper (11 mg/kg, control group; 110 mg/kg, group I; 220 mg/kg, group II and 330 mg/kg, group III) for 49 days. The results of histology showed that vacuolar degeneration was observed in the treated groups, and the mitochondria swell and autophagosomes formation were found under excess Cu treatment. Additionally, the expression of mitophagy (PINK1, Parkin, LC3I, LC3II and p62) and ER stress (GRP78, PERK, ATF6, IRE1α, XBP1, CHOP, and JNK) indexes were significantly upregulated under excess Cu exposure. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 were decreased, while Bak1, Bax, Caspase12, and Caspase3 were increased compared to the control group. In summary, this study demonstrated that an overdose of Cu could induce mitophagy and ER stress-mediated apoptosis in the chicken cerebrum. These findings revealed an important potential connection between Cu toxicity and cerebrum damage, which provided a new insight into Cu neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Huo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feiyang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaiqin Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingyue Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqiang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianying Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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12
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Yue J, Sun X, Duan X, Sun C, Chen H, Sun H, Zhang L. Triphenyl phosphate proved more potent than its metabolite diphenyl phosphate in inducing hepatic insulin resistance through endoplasmic reticulum stress. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107749. [PMID: 36680801 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is a widely used flame retardant and plasticizer and has been detected extensively in environmental media, wildlife and human bodies. Several epidemiological and animal studies have revealed that TPHP exposure is positively associated with glucose homeostasis disruption and diabetes. However, the effects of TPHP on hepatic glucose homeostasis and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present work aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity and glucose metabolism disruption of TPHP and its metabolite diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) within hepatocytes. The cell viability assay undertaken on human normal liver (L02) cells showed that TPHP exhibited more potent hepatotoxicity than DPHP. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data showed that TPHP and DPHP presented different modes of toxic action. Insulin resistance is one of the predominant toxicities for TPHP, but not for DPHP. The insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis were impaired by TPHP, while DPHP exhibited no significant impairment on these factors. TPHP exposure induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the ER stress antagonist 4-PBA restored the impairment of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis induced by TPHP. TPHP could also induce liver ER stress and insulin resistance in mice. Taken together, the results suggested that TPHP induces more potent insulin resistance through ER stress than its metabolite DPHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaoyu Duan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Caiting Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lianying Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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13
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Liu Z, Fu Y, Huang Y, Zeng F, Rao J, Xiao X, Sun X, Jin H, Li J, Yang J, Du W, Liu L. Ubiquitination of SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a Prevents Cell Death Induced by Recruiting BclXL To Activate ER Stress. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0150922. [PMID: 36326498 PMCID: PMC9769937 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01509-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has emerged in the last 2 years. The accessory protein ORF7a has been proposed as an immunomodulating factor that can cause dramatic inflammatory responses, but it is unknown how ORF7a interacts with host cells. We show that ORF7a induces cell apoptosis by recruiting the prosurvival factor BclXL to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the exposed C-terminal residues Lys117 and Lys119. Simultaneously, ORF7a activates ER stress via the PERK-elF2α-CHOP pathway and inhibits the expression of endogenous BclXL, resulting in enhanced cell apoptosis. Ubiquitination of ORF7a interrupts the interaction with BclXL in the ER and weakens the activation of ER stress, which to some extent rescues the cells. Our work demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a hires antiapoptosis protein and aggregates on the ER, resulting in ER stress and apoptosis initiation. On the other hand, ORF7a utilizes the ubiquitin system to impede and escape host elimination, providing a promising potential target for developing strategies for minimizing the COVID-19 pandemic. IMPORTANCE Viruses struggle to reproduce after infecting cells, and the host eliminates infected cells through apoptosis to prevent virus spread. Cells adopt a special ubiquitination code to protect against viral infection, while ORF7a manipulates and exploits the ubiquitin system to eliminate host cells' effect on apoptosis and redirect cellular pathways in favor of virus survival. Our results revealed that SARS-CoV-2-encoded accessory protein ORF7a recruits prosurvival factor BclXL to the ER and activates the cellular ER stress response resulting in the initiation of programmed death to remove virus-infected cells. Ubiquitination of ORF7a blocked the recruitment of BclXL and suppressed the ER stress response, which helps to counteract cell apoptosis and rescue cell fate. These findings help us understand the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 invasion and contribute to a theoretical foundation for the clinical prevention of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yanan Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jingjing Rao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiaoguang Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Weixing Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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14
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Li M, Liu G, Yuan LX, Yang J, Liu J, Li Z, Yang C, Wang J. Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) promotes hepatocyte toxicity via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibition of autophagy flux. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156461. [PMID: 35660595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a commonly used organophosphate flame retardant, is frequently found in environmental and biota samples, indicating widespread human exposure. Recent studies have shown that TPP causes hepatotoxicity, but the underlying cellular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Here, by using normal hepatocyte AML12 cells as a model, we showed that TPP induced apoptotic cell death. RNA sequencing analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes induced by TPP were related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy. Immunostaining and western blot results further confirmed that TPP activated ER stress. Interestingly, though TPP increased LC3-II, a canonical marker for autophagy, TPP inhibited autophagy flux rather than induced autophagy. Interestingly, TPP-induced ER stress facilitated autophagy flux inhibition and apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy aggravated, and activation of autophagy attenuated apoptosis induced by TPP. Collectively, these results uncovered that ER stress and autophagy flux inhibition were responsible for TPP-induced apoptosis in mouse hepatocytes. Thus, our foundlings provided novel insight into the potential mechanisms of TPP-induced hepatocyte toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoran Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li-Xia Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Chuanbin Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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15
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Zhang H, Lu S, Chao J, Lu D, Zhao G, Chen Y, Chen H, Faisal M, Yang L, Hu C, Guo A. The attenuated Mycoplasma bovis strain promotes apoptosis of bovine macrophages by upregulation of CHOP expression. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:925209. [PMID: 35992665 PMCID: PMC9381834 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.925209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is one of the major pathogens in the bovine respiratory disease complex, which includes pneumonia, mastitis, and arthritis and causes a great economic loss in the cattle industry. In China, a live-attenuated vaccine strain M. bovis P150 was obtained by a continuous culture of the wild-type strain M. bovis HB0801 (P1) in vitro for 150 passages. Using the infected bovine macrophage cell line BoMac, this work attempted to investigate the mechanism of P150 attenuation and protective immune response. To begin, we show that M. bovis P150 effectively triggered cytotoxicity and apoptosis in BoMac, although with lower intracellular survival than P1. The transcriptomes of BoMac after infection with M. bovis strains P1 and P150 were sequenced, and bioinformatic analysis identified 233 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 185 upregulated and 48 downregulated. Further Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the majority of the DEGs were linked to CHOP complex, MAP kinase phosphatase activity and were involved in the IL-17 signaling pathway in immune response, MAPK signaling pathway in signal transduction, and p53 signaling pathway in cell growth and death. Among them, the level of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) was significantly upregulated in P150-infected BoMac compared to P1-infected cells at different time points, along with its upstream and downstream genes phosphorylated-PERK, phosphorylated-EIF2α, ATF4, and GADD45A increased in the PERK-dependent ER stress response. The role of CHOP in apoptosis was further verified by M. bovis-induced siCHOP knockdown in BoMac cells. The results showed that CHOP knockdown enhanced P150-induced apoptosis and dramatically increased the M. bovis P1 and P150 intracellular survival, particularly for P150. These data suggest that P150 infection upregulates CHOP expression, which can increase apoptosis and mediate a crosstalk between ER stress and apoptosis during infection, and hence, contribute to high cytotoxicity and low intracellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Doukun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Faisal
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Changmin Hu,
| | - Aizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Aizhen Guo,
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16
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Ibrahim Z, Ramachandran G, El-Huneidi W, Elmoselhi A, Qaisar R. Suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress prevents disuse muscle atrophy in a mouse model of microgravity. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 34:45-52. [PMID: 35940689 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hind-limb unloaded (HLU) mouse model exhibits skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness mimicking the conditions such as prolonged spaceflight. However, the molecular mechanisms and interventions of muscle loss during muscle unloading remain elusive. Dysfunction of protein folding by ednoplasmic reticulum (ER), a condition called ER stress, is implicated in diseases of various cell types, but its contribution to skeletal muscle detriment remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the contribution of ER stress to muscle atrophy. METHODS Sixteen-week-old c57BL/6j male mice were grouped into ground-based controls and HLU group, which was subsequently injected with injected saline (HLU-sal.) or pan-ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA (100mg/kg/d; HLU- 4PBA) via intraperitoneal injections for three weeks. RESULTS Three weeks of HLU resulted in reduction in muscle mass and strength, which were restored with 4PBA injections. We also report myofibers atrophy, myonuclear apoptosis, and aterations in the expressions of genes associated with ER stress, apoptosis, and calcium dysregulation. These findings were reversed by 4-PBA treatment. CONCLUSION Altogether, our results indicate that ER stress contributes to muscle atrophy in HLU conditions. We suggest that blocking ER stress may be an effective pharmacological therapy to prevent muscle weakness and atrophy during prolonged muscle unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ibrahim
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Gopika Ramachandran
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Waseem El-Huneidi
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Adel Elmoselhi
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE.
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17
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Applying Protein–Protein Interactions and Complex Networks to Identify Novel Genes in Retinitis Pigmentosa Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073962. [PMID: 35409321 PMCID: PMC8999418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is a hereditary retinal disorder that causes the atrophy of photoreceptor rod cells. Since individual defective genes converge on the same disease, we hypothesized that all causal genes of RP belong in a complex network. To explore this hypothesis, we conducted a gene connection analysis using 161 genes attributed to RP, compiled from the Retinal Information Network, RetNet. We then examined the protein interaction network (PIN) of these genes. In line with our hypothesis, using STRING, we directly connected 149 genes out of the recognized 159 genes. To uncover the association between the PIN and the ten unrecalled genes, we developed an algorithm to pinpoint the best candidate genes to connect the uncalled genes to the PIN and identified ten such genes. We propose that mutations within these ten genes may also cause RP; this notion is supported by analyzing and categorizing the known causal genes based on cellular locations and related functions. The successful establishment of the PIN among all documented genes and the discovery of novel genes for RP strongly suggest an interconnectedness that causes the disease on the molecular level. In addition, our computational gene search protocol can help identify the genes and loci responsible for genetic diseases, not limited to RP.
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BPA exposure aggravates necroptosis of myocardial tissue in selenium deficient broilers through NO-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress. Toxicology 2022; 472:153190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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McLaughlin T, Medina A, Perkins J, Yera M, Wang JJ, Zhang SX. Cellular stress signaling and the unfolded protein response in retinal degeneration: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:25. [PMID: 35346303 PMCID: PMC8962104 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The retina, as part of the central nervous system (CNS) with limited capacity for self-reparation and regeneration in mammals, is under cumulative environmental stress due to high-energy demands and rapid protein turnover. These stressors disrupt the cellular protein and metabolic homeostasis, which, if not alleviated, can lead to dysfunction and cell death of retinal neurons. One primary cellular stress response is the highly conserved unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR acts through three main signaling pathways in an attempt to restore the protein homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by various means, including but not limited to, reducing protein translation, increasing protein-folding capacity, and promoting misfolded protein degradation. Moreover, recent work has identified a novel function of the UPR in regulation of cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function, disturbance of which contributes to neuronal degeneration and dysfunction. The role of the UPR in retinal neurons during aging and under disease conditions in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been explored over the past two decades. Each of the disease conditions and their corresponding animal models provide distinct challenges and unique opportunities to gain a better understanding of the role of the UPR in the maintenance of retinal health and function. Method We performed an extensive literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar using the following keywords: unfolded protein response, metabolism, ER stress, retinal degeneration, aging, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy. Results and conclusion We summarize recent advances in understanding cellular stress response, in particular the UPR, in retinal diseases, highlighting the potential roles of UPR pathways in regulation of cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function in retinal neurons. Further, we provide perspective on the promise and challenges for targeting the UPR pathways as a new therapeutic approach in age- and disease-related retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd McLaughlin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ira G. Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Andy Medina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ira G. Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Jacob Perkins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ira G. Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Maria Yera
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ira G. Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Joshua J Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ira G. Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sarah X Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ira G. Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA. .,Neuroscience Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Fang J, Xie S, Chen Z, Wang F, Chen K, Zuo Z, Cui H, Guo H, Ouyang P, Chen Z, Huang C, Liu W, Geng Y. Protective Effect of Vitamin E on Cadmium-Induced Renal Oxidative Damage and Apoptosis in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4675-4687. [PMID: 33565019 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a widely distributed heavy metal, is extremely toxic to the kidney. Vitamin E (VE) is an important antioxidant in the body. It is known that VE exerts a protective effect on renal oxidative damage caused by Cd, but the effect and mechanism of VE on apoptosis are not fully understood. Thus, we conducted this study to explore the protective effect of VE on Cd-induced renal apoptosis and to elucidate its potential mechanism. Thirty-two 9-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, namely control, VE (100 mg/kg VE), Cd (5 mg/kg CdCl2), and VE + Cd (100 mg/kg VE + 5 mg/kg CdCl2), and received intragastric administration of Cd and/or VE for 4 weeks. The results showed that Cd exposure significantly reduced the weight of the body and kidney, elevated the accumulation of Cd in the kidney as well as the levels of BUN and Scr in serum, caused renal histological alterations, decreased the GSH and T-AOC contents and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, GSH-PX) activities, and increased renal MDA content. And the increased number of TUNEL-positive cells by Cd was accompanied by upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of apoptotic regulatory molecules (Bax, Caspase-3, GRP94, GRP78, Caspase-8) and downregulated Bcl-2 expressions. However, the combined treatment of Cd and VE could restore the above parameters to be close to those in the control rats. In conclusion, VE supplement could alleviate Cd-induced rat renal damage and oxidative stress through enhancing the antioxidant defense system and inhibiting apoptosis of renal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenglan Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyuan Wang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejie Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
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New Insight into the Effects of Metformin on Diabetic Retinopathy, Aging and Cancer: Nonapoptotic Cell Death, Immunosuppression, and Effects beyond the AMPK Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179453. [PMID: 34502359 PMCID: PMC8430477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Under metabolic stress conditions such as hypoxia and glucose deprivation, an increase in the AMP:ATP ratio activates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, resulting in the modulation of cellular metabolism. Metformin, which is widely prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, regulates blood sugar by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and promoting insulin sensitivity to facilitate glucose uptake by cells. At the molecular level, the most well-known mechanism of metformin-mediated cytoprotection is AMPK pathway activation, which modulates metabolism and protects cells from degradation or pathogenic changes, such as those related to aging and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Recently, it has been revealed that metformin acts via AMPK- and non-AMPK-mediated pathways to exert effects beyond those related to diabetes treatment that might prevent aging and ameliorate DR. This review focuses on new insights into the anticancer effects of metformin and its potential modulation of several novel types of nonapoptotic cell death, including ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. In addition, the antimetastatic and immunosuppressive effects of metformin and its hypothesized mechanism are also discussed, highlighting promising cancer prevention strategies for the future.
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Feng JH, Dong XW, Yu HL, Shen W, Lv XY, Wang R, Cheng XX, Xiong F, Hu XL, Wang H. Cynaroside protects the blue light-induced retinal degeneration through alleviating apoptosis and inducing autophagy in vitro and in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:153604. [PMID: 34130054 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blue light can directly penetrate the lens and reach the retina to induce retinal damage, causing dry age-related macular degeneration (dAMD). Cynaroside (Cyn), a flavonoid glycoside, was proved to alleviate the oxidative damage of retinal cells in vitro. However, whether or not Cyn also exerts protective effect on blue light-induced retinal degeneration and its mechanisms of action are unclear. PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the protective effects of Cyn against blue-light induced retinal degeneration and its underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Blue light-induced N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E)-laden adult retinal pigment epithelial-19 (ARPE-19) cell damage and retinal damage in SD rats were respectively used to evaluate the protective effects of Cyn on retinal degeneration in vitro and in vivo. MTT assay and AnnexinV-PI double staining assay were used to evaluate the in vitro efficacy. Histological analysis, TUNEL assay, and fundus imaging were conducted to evaluate the in vivo efficacy. ELISA assay, western blot, and immunostaining were performed to investigate the mechanisms of action of Cyn. RESULTS Cyn decreased the blue light-induced A2E-laden ARPE-19 cell damage and oxidative stress. Intravitreal injection of Cyn (2, 4 μg/eye) reversed the retinal degeneration induced by blue light in SD rats. Furthermore, Cyn inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and induced autophagy, which led to the clearance of overactivated pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Cyn protects against blue light-induced retinal degeneration by modulating autophagy and decreasing the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Yu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Xiang Cheng
- Hubei Fenghuang Baiyunshan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Macheng 438300, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Long Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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GSH-Independent Induction of ER Stress during Hypoglycaemia in the Retinal Cells of Mice. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112529. [PMID: 34200353 PMCID: PMC8201117 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is one of the most important metabolic substrates of the retina, and glycaemic imbalances can lead to serious side effects, including retinopathy. We previously showed that hypoglycaemia induces retinal cell death in mice, as well as the implication of glutathione (GSH) in this process. This study aimed to analyse the role of low glucose-induced decrease in GSH levels in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We cultured 661W photoreceptor-like cells under various glucose conditions and analysed ER stress markers at the mRNA and protein levels. We used the ERAI (“ER stress-activated indicator”) mouse model to test ER stress in both ex vivo, on retinal explants, or in vivo, in mice subjected to hypoglycaemia. Moreover, we used buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm)-KO mice as models of low GSH to test its effects on ER stress. We show that the unfolded protein response (UPR) is triggered in 661W cells and in ERAI mice under hypoglycaemic conditions. Low GSH levels promote cell death, but have no impact on ER stress. We concluded that low glucose levels induce ER stress independently of GSH levels. Inhibition of ER stress could prevent neurodegeneration, which seems to be an early event in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
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Xu D, Ran C, Yin L, Lin J, Fu H, Peng X, Zhao X, Shu G. Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Studies of Aristolochic Acid A in Tianfu Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061556. [PMID: 34071750 PMCID: PMC8228413 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aristolochic acid (AA) is a chemical compound present in traditional Chinese medicine, which is widely used for anti-infection, anti-viral and anti-bacterial treatment, as antibiotics were banned in the poultry industry. However, long-term use of this drug in high doses can cause harmful damage to the kidneys of animals. Therefore, in this study, the acute toxicity test and subchronic toxicity test of AA were carried out in order to explore the nephrotoxicity mechanism of AA on Tianfu broilers. In this study, the LD50 of AA to male Tianfu broilers was 14.52 mg/kg. Subchronic exposure to high doses of AA in broilers can cause nephrotoxicity by breaking the redox balance to form oxidative stress, along with promoting apoptosis of renal cells. In conclusion, AA has been found to damage broilers’ kidneys in high doses. This study provides suggestions for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine containing AA in the poultry industry. Abstract Aristolochic acid (AA) is one of the components of some traditional Chinese medicines, which has high toxic potential in animals, leading to huge economic losses in the breeding industry. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the toxicology of AA on Tianfu broilers through acute and subchronic toxicity tests. The results showed that the median lethal dose of AA to Tianfu broilers was 14.52 mg/kg. After continuous intraperitoneal injection of AA solution (1.452 mg/kg) for 28 days, the swollen and necrotic renal tubular epithelial cells were histologically observed; in addition, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre) were significantly increased, indicating AA could induce serious kidney lesions in broilers. Moreover, the ROS, the apoptosis rate and the depolarization rate of the mitochondrial membrane potential of broilers’ renal cells increased. The results of QRT-PCR showed that AA reduced the mRNA expressions of HO-1, NQO1, Raf-1 and Bcl-2, while the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 increased, which show that AA aroused oxidative stress and promoted the apoptosis of renal cells. In conclusion, AA has been found to damage broilers’ kidneys by breaking the redox balance to form oxidative stress, along with promoting apoptosis of renal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China; (D.X.); (X.Z.)
| | - Chonglin Ran
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China; (C.R.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (X.P.)
| | - Lizi Yin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China; (C.R.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (X.P.)
| | - Juchun Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China; (C.R.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (X.P.)
| | - Hualin Fu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China; (C.R.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (X.P.)
| | - Xi Peng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China; (C.R.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (X.P.)
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China; (D.X.); (X.Z.)
| | - Gang Shu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China; (C.R.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (X.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Miyata Y, Matsumoto K, Kusano S, Kusakabe Y, Katsura Y, Oshitari T, Kosano H. Regulation of Endothelium-Reticulum-Stress-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death by a Polymethoxylated Flavone, Nobiletin, Through the Inhibition of Nuclear Translocation of Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Retinal Müller Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030669. [PMID: 33802903 PMCID: PMC8002623 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR), subtle biochemical and functional alterations occur in Müller cells, which are one of the components of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). Müller cells are the principal glia of the retina and have shown a strong involvement in the maintenance of homeostasis and the development of retinal tissue. Their functional abnormalities and eventual loss have been correlated with a decrease in the tight junctions between endothelial cells and a consequent breakdown of the BRB, leading to the development of DR. We demonstrated that the endothelium reticulum (ER) triggers Müller cell death and that nuclear accumulation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is closely associated with ER-induced Müller cell death. In addition, induction of ER stress in Müller cells increased vascular endothelial growth factor expression but decreased pigment-epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) expression in Müller cells. We found that nobiletin, a polymethoxylated flavone from citrus explants, exerts protective action against ER-stress-induced Müller cell death. In addition, nobiletin was found to augment PEDF expression in Müller cells, which may lead to the protection of BRB integrity. These results suggest that nobiletin can be an attractive candidate for the protection of the BRB from breakdown in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Miyata
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.M.); (Y.K.); (T.O.)
| | - Kazuya Matsumoto
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.M.); (Y.K.); (T.O.)
| | - Shuichi Kusano
- Fuji Sangyo Co., Ltd., 1301 Tamura-cho, Marugame, Kagawa 763-0071, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Kusakabe
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.M.); (Y.K.); (T.O.)
| | - Yoshiya Katsura
- The fifth Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 3-20-1 Ami, Ibaraki 300-0332, Japan;
| | - Tetsuta Oshitari
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.M.); (Y.K.); (T.O.)
| | - Hiroshi Kosano
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.M.); (Y.K.); (T.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3964-8191; Fax: +81-3-3964-8195
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Exacerbation of AMD Phenotype in Lasered CNV Murine Model by Dysbiotic Oral Pathogens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020309. [PMID: 33670526 PMCID: PMC7922506 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence underscores an association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and periodontal disease (PD), yet the biological basis of this linkage and the specific role of oral dysbiosis caused by PD in AMD pathophysiology remains unclear. Furthermore, a simple reproducible model that emulates characteristics of both AMD and PD has been lacking. Hence, we established a novel AMD+PD murine model to decipher the potential role of oral infection (ligature-enhanced) with the keystone periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis, in the progression of neovasculogenesis in a laser-induced choroidal-neovascularization (Li-CNV) mouse retina. By a combination of fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography, we documented inflammatory drusen-like lesions, reduced retinal thickness, and increased vascular leakage in AMD+PD mice retinae. H&E further confirmed a significant reduction of retinal thickness and subretinal drusen-like deposits. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed significant induction of choroidal/retinal vasculogenesis in AMD+PD mice. qPCR identified increased expression of oxidative-stress, angiogenesis, pro-inflammatory mediators, whereas antioxidants and anti-inflammatory genes in AMD+PD mice retinae were notably decreased. Through qPCR, we detected Pg and its fimbrial 16s-RrNA gene expression in the AMD+PD mice retinae. To sum-up, this is the first in vivo study signifying a role of periodontal infection in augmentation of AMD phenotype, with the aid of a pioneering AMD+PD murine model established in our laboratory.
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Yumnamcha T, Guerra M, Singh LP, Ibrahim AS. Metabolic Dysregulation and Neurovascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1244. [PMID: 33302369 PMCID: PMC7762582 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of ocular complications in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in developed countries. Due to the continued increase in the number of people with obesity and diabetes in the United States of America and globally, the incidence of diabetic retinopathy is expected to increase significantly in the coming years. Diabetic retinopathy is widely accepted as a combination of neurodegenerative and microvascular changes; however, which change occurs first is not yet understood. Although the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is very complex, regulated by numerous signaling pathways and cellular processes, maintaining glucose homeostasis is still an essential component for normal physiological functioning of retinal cells. The maintenance of glucose homeostasis is finely regulated by coordinated interplay between glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis is the most conserved metabolic pathway in biology and is tightly regulated to maintain a steady-state concentration of glycolytic intermediates; this regulation is called scheduled or regulated glycolysis. However, an abnormal increase in glycolytic flux generates large amounts of intermediate metabolites that can be shunted into different damaging pathways including the polyol pathway, hexosamine pathway, diacylglycerol-dependent activation of the protein kinase C pathway, and Amadori/advanced glycation end products (AGEs) pathway. In addition, disrupting the balance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation leads to other biochemical and molecular changes observed in diabetic retinopathy including endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria miscommunication and mitophagy dysregulation. This review will focus on how dysregulation of glycolysis contributes to diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangal Yumnamcha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.G.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Michael Guerra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.G.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Lalit Pukhrambam Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.G.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Ahmed S. Ibrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.G.); (L.P.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Astragalus polysaccharide attenuates metabolic memory-triggered ER stress and apoptosis via regulation of miR-204/SIRT1 axis in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:221735. [PMID: 31894851 PMCID: PMC6974424 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: ‘Metabolic memory’ of early hyperglycaemic environment has been frequently suggested in the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are crucial targets for DR initiation following hyperglycaemia. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) has been long used as a traditional Chinese medicine in treating diabetes. In the present study, the preventive effects and mechanisms of APS on metabolic memory-induced RPE cell death were investigated. Methods: The expressions of miR-204 and SIRT1 were determined by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Dual luciferase assay was applied to detect the potential targeting effects of miR-204 on SIRT1. SIRT1, ER stress and apoptosis related proteins were monitored using Western blotting. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay and Annexin V/PI staining followed by flow cytometry analysis. MiR-204 mimics and shSIRT1 were applied for miR-204 overexpression and SIRT1 knockdown, respectively. Results: High glucose exposure induced metabolic memory, which was accompanied with sustained dysregulation of miR-204/SIRT1 axis, high level of ER stress and activation of apoptotic pathway even after replacement with normal glucose. Pre-treatment with APS concentration-dependently reversed miR-204 expression, leading to disinhibition of SIRT1 and alleviation of ER stress-induced apoptosis indicated by decreased levels of p-PERK, p-IRE-1, cleaved-ATF6, Bax, cleaved caspase-12, -9, -3, and increased levels of Bcl-2 and unleaved PARP. The effects of APS on RPE cells were reversed by either miR-204 overexpression or SIRT1 knockdown. Conclusions: We concluded that APS inhibited ER stress and subsequent apoptosis via regulating miR-204/SIRT1 axis in metabolic memory model of RPE cells.
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Wei S, Fan J, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Zeng S, Pan X, Sheng M, Chen Y. Sirt1 attenuates diabetic keratopathy by regulating the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Life Sci 2020; 265:118789. [PMID: 33220291 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The objectives of this study were to explore physiological and pathological changes in the corneas of diabetic rats by intervening in the expression of silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) and to investigate whether Sirt1 can regulate the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) while influencing corneal epithelial cell apoptosis under high glucose conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using 8-week old Sprague-Dawley rats, we established a model of type 1 diabetes, with or without Sirt1 intervention. Clinical evaluation was performed once per week. Primary rat corneal epithelial cells (RCECs) were cultured by combining Sirt1 intervention under high glucose conditions. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and the expression of Sirt1 and ERS-related proteins were evaluated in rat corneal tissues and RCECs. KEY FINDINGS During the intervention, clinical evaluation of the ocular surface, ROS generation, apoptosis, and protein expression of ERS-related proteins in corneal tissue and cultured RCECs were altered with Sirt1expression levels. SIGNIFICANCE Sirt1 expression influences the pathological progression of diabetic keratopathy, plays an important role in regulating the ERS pathway, and decreases corneal epithelial cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Jianwu Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yaping Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Siliang Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, Shanghai Normal University Tianhua College, Shanghai 201815, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, China.
| | - Minjie Sheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China.
| | - Yihui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China.
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Song Z, Li Z, Han W, Zhu C, Lou N, Li X, Luo G, Peng S, Li G, Zhao Y, Guo Y. Low DAPK1 expression correlates with poor prognosis and sunitinib resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:1842-1858. [PMID: 33201837 PMCID: PMC7880360 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the prognostic significance of Death-Associated Protein Kinase 1 (DAPK1) and its role in sunitinib resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). DAPK1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in tumor tissues than normal kidney tissues in TCGA-KIRC dataset (n=428). Both overall survival and disease-free survival were significantly shorter in ccRCC patients with low DAPK1 expression than those with high DAPK1 expression. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that low DAPK1 expression correlated with poor prognosis in ccRCC patients. Multivariate analysis confirmed that DAPK1 expression was an independent prognostic indicator in ccRCC. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that low DAPK1 expression correlates with upregulation of pathways related to metastasis, drug resistance, hypoxia and invasiveness in ccRCC patients. Sunitinib-resistant ccRCC cells show significantly lower DAPK1 mRNA and protein levels than sunitinib-sensitive ccRCC cells. DAPK1 overexpression enhances apoptosis in sunitinib-resistant ccRCC cells via the ATF6-dependent ER stress pathway. Xenograft tumors derived from DAPK1-overxpressing ccRCC cells were significantly smaller than the controls in nude mice. Our finding demonstrates that low DAPK1 expression is an independent prognostic indicator that correlates with ccRCC progression and sunitinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshuai Song
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongyuan Li
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Han
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenxi Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Lou
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuechao Li
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Peng
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohao Li
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonglian Guo
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhang J, Dong XJ, Ding MR, You CY, Lin X, Wang Y, Wu MJY, Xu GF, Wang GD. Resveratrol decreases high glucose‑induced apoptosis in renal tubular cells via suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4367-4375. [PMID: 33000199 PMCID: PMC7533457 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the second most common complication of diabetes mellitus after cardiovascular complications. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is known to be associated with DN. Resveratrol (RSV) exhibits anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to investigate the role of RSV in the inhibition of high concentration glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis in renal tubular cells, as well as to examine the protective effects of RSV against diabetes-mediated renal damage via inhibition of ER stress in DN. RSV was orally administered to diabetic db/db mice once a day for 12 consecutive weeks. Compared with untreated db/db mice, treating db/db mice with RSV significantly decreased urine albumin excretion and the urine albumin to creatinine ratio, and attenuated renal histopathological injury. Furthermore, RSV treatment resulted in decreased expression levels of glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa and C/EBP-homologous protein (two ER stress markers) and caspase12 in murine kidneys. RSV administration also inhibited the apoptosis of NRK-52E cells and activation of the ER stress signal transduction pathway induced by HG treatment in vitro. Collectively, the present results indicated that RSV protected renal tubular cells against HG-induced apoptosis in DN by suppressing ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Xiong-Jun Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Ru Ding
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro‑Molecules, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yu You
- Department of Nephrology, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Miao-Jie-Yang Wu
- School of Medical Imaging, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Fei Xu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro‑Molecules, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro‑Molecules, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
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Szteyn K, Singh H. BK Ca Channels as Targets for Cardioprotection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080760. [PMID: 32824463 PMCID: PMC7463653 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The large-conductance calcium- and voltage-activated K+ channel (BKCa) are encoded by the Kcnma1 gene. They are ubiquitously expressed in neuronal, smooth muscle, astrocytes, and neuroendocrine cells where they are known to play an important role in physiological and pathological processes. They are usually localized to the plasma membrane of the majority of the cells with an exception of adult cardiomyocytes, where BKCa is known to localize to mitochondria. BKCa channels couple calcium and voltage responses in the cell, which places them as unique targets for a rapid physiological response. The expression and activity of BKCa have been linked to several cardiovascular, muscular, and neurological defects, making them a key therapeutic target. Specifically in the heart muscle, pharmacological and genetic activation of BKCa channels protect the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury and also facilitate cardioprotection rendered by ischemic preconditioning. The mechanism involved in cardioprotection is assigned to the modulation of mitochondrial functions, such as regulation of mitochondrial calcium, reactive oxygen species, and membrane potential. Here, we review the progress made on BKCa channels and cardioprotection and explore their potential roles as therapeutic targets for preventing acute myocardial infarction.
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33
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Carullo G, Federico S, Relitti N, Gemma S, Butini S, Campiani G. Retinitis Pigmentosa and Retinal Degenerations: Deciphering Pathways and Targets for Drug Discovery and Development. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2173-2191. [PMID: 32589402 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a group of retinopathies generally caused by genetic mutations. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) represents one of the most studied IRDs. RP leads to intense vision loss or blindness resulting from the degeneration of photoreceptor cells. To date, RP is mainly treated with palliative supplementation of vitamin A and retinoids, gene therapies, or surgical interventions. Therefore, a pharmacologically based therapy is an urgent need requiring a medicinal chemistry approach, to validate molecular targets able to deal with retinal degeneration. This Review aims at outlining the recent research efforts in identifying new drug targets for RP, especially focusing on the neuroprotective role of the Wnt/β-catenin/GSK3β pathway and apoptosis modulators (in particular PARP-1) but also on growth factors such as VEGF and BDNF. Furthermore, the role of spatiotemporally expressed G protein-coupled receptors (GPR124) in the retina and the emerging function of histone deacetylase inhibitors in promoting retinal neuroprotection will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018−2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Federico
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018−2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Relitti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018−2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018−2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018−2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018−2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Proteomic analysis of Antrodia Cinnamomea-induced ER stress in liver cancer cells. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 187:113142. [PMID: 32460214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia Cinnamomea is a fungus species widely used as a herb medicine for hypertension, cancer and handover. Nevertheless, the biological roles of Antrodia Cinnamomea on the molecular mechanism of liver cancer are not entirely understood. To determine whether Antrodia Cinnamomea is able to be used for the treatment of liver cancer and its molecular mechanism, we examined the effect of Antrodia Cinnamomea on the differential proteomic patterns in liver cancer cell lines HepG2 and C3A as well as in Chang's liver cell, a normal liver cell, using quantitative proteomic approach. The proteomic analysis demonstrated that abundance of 82, 125 and 125 proteins was significantly altered in Chang's liver cells, C3A and HepG2, respectively. The experimental outcomes also demonstrated that Antrodia Cinnamomea-induced cytotoxicity in liver cancer cells mostly involved dysregulation of protein folding, cytoskeleton regulation, redox-regulation, glycolysis pathway as well as transcription regulation. Further analysis also revealed that Antrodia Cinnamomea promoted misfolding of intracellular proteins and dysregulate of cellular redox-balance resulting in ER-stress. To sum up our studies demonstrated that the proteomic strategy used in this study offered a tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms of Antrodia Cinnamomea-induced liver cancer cytotoxicity. The proteomic results might be further evaluated as prospective targets in liver cancer treatment.
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35
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Mazzoli V, Zhong LH, Dang VT, Shi Y, Werstuck GH. Characterization of Retinal Microvascular Complications and the Effects of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mouse Models of Diabetic Atherosclerosis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:49. [PMID: 32852545 PMCID: PMC7452854 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.10.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recent evidence suggests that there is a correlation between the micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which diabetes promotes the development of microvascular disease (diabetic retinopathy [DR]) through characterization of the effects of hyperglycemia in the retina of mouse models of diabetic atherosclerosis. Methods Hyperglycemia was induced in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice, a model of accelerated atherosclerosis, either through streptozotocin (STZ) injection or introduction of the Ins2Akita mutation (ApoE-/-Ins2+/Akita). Another subset of ApoE-/- mice was supplemented with glucosamine (GlcN). To attenuate atherosclerosis, subsets of mice from each experimental group were treated with the chemical chaperone, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4PBA). Eyes from 15-week-old mice were either trypsin digested and stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) or frozen for cryostat sectioning and immunostained for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, including C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78). PAS-stained retinal flatmounts were analyzed for microvessel density, acellular capillaries, and pericyte ghosts. Results Features of DR, including pericyte ghosts and reduced microvessel density, were observed in hyperglycemic and GlcN-supplemented mice. Treatment with 4PBA reduced ER stress in the retinal periphery and attenuated DR in the experimental groups. Conclusions Mouse models of diabetic atherosclerosis show characteristic pathologies of DR that correlate with atherosclerosis. The increased magnitude of these changes and responses to 4PBA in the peripheral retina suggest that future studies should be aimed at assessing regional differences in mechanisms of ER stress-related pathways in these mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vienna Mazzoli
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lexy H. Zhong
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vi T. Dang
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoff H. Werstuck
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Abbasi M, Gupta VK, Chitranshi N, Gupta VB, Mirzaei M, Dheer Y, Garthwaite L, Zaw T, Parton RG, You Y, Graham SL. Caveolin-1 Ablation Imparts Partial Protection Against Inner Retinal Injury in Experimental Glaucoma and Reduces Apoptotic Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3759-3784. [PMID: 32578008 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01948-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell degeneration is a characteristic feature of glaucoma, and accordingly, protection of these cells constitutes a major therapeutic objective in the disease. Here, we demonstrate the key influence of caveolin (Cav) in regulating the inner retinal homeostasis in two models of experimentally elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Two groups of Cav-1-/- and wild-type mice were used in the study. Animals were subjected to experimentally induced chronic and acutely elevated IOP and any changes in their retinal function were assessed by positive scotopic threshold response recordings. TUNEL and cleaved caspase-3 assays were performed to evaluate apoptotic changes in the retina while Brn3a immunostaining was used as a marker to assess and quantify ganglion cell layer (GCL) changes. H&E staining was carried out on retinal sections to evaluate histological differences in retinal laminar structure. Cav-1 ablation partially protected the inner retinal function in both chronic and acute models of elevated IOP. The protective effects of Cav-1 loss were also evident histologically by reduced loss of GCL density in both models. The phenotypic protection in Cav-1-/- glaucoma mice paralleled with increased TrkB phosphorylation and reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress markers and apoptotic activation in the inner retinas. This study corroborated previous findings of enhanced Shp2 phosphorylation in a chronic glaucoma model and established a novel role of Cav-1 in mediating activation of this phosphatase in the inner retina in vivo. Collectively, these findings highlight the critical involvement of Cav-1 regulatory mechanisms in ganglion cells in response to increased IOP, implicating Cav-1 as a potential therapeutic target in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Abbasi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Vivek K Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Veer B Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Molecular Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yogita Dheer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Linda Garthwaite
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Thiri Zaw
- Department of Molecular Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
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Zhang R, Hao J, Wu Q, Guo K, Wang C, Zhang WK, Liu W, Wang Q, Yang X. Dehydrocostus lactone inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by PI3K/Akt/Bad and ERS signalling pathway in human laryngeal carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6028-6042. [PMID: 32319208 PMCID: PMC7294112 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-cancer effect of dehydrocostus lactone (DHL) derived from Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipech against laryngeal carcinoma was assessed. The cytotoxic activity of DHL against laryngeal carcinoma is still obscure. Therefore, our study investigated the role of DHL in the growth inhibition of laryngeal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo, and the molecular mechanism of DHL-induced apoptosis in cancer cells of the larynx. The results showed that DHL inhibits the viability, migration and proliferation of Hep-2 and TU212 cells with little toxic effects on human normal larynx epithelial HBE cell line. Flow cytometry analysis (FAC) analysis and staining assay (Hoechst 33258) indicated that DHL stimulated Hep-2 and TU212 cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, DHL is capable of inhibiting Hep-2 and TU212 cell viability via promoting p53 and P21 function, meanwhile DHL dose-dependently induces Hep-2 and TU212 cells apoptosis via activating mitochondrial apoptosis by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway and stimulating endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis pathway. In vivo, DHL inhibited the growth of the Hep-2 nude mouse xenograft model and observed no significant signs of toxicity in the organs of nude mice. In vivo experiments further confirmed the anti-cancer effect of DHL on laryngeal carcinoma cells in vitro, and DHL-treated nude mice can reduce the volume of tumours. Together, our study indicated that DHL has the potential to inhibit human laryngeal carcinoma via activating mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/Bad signalling pathway and stimulating endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis pathway, providing a strategy for the treatment of human laryngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Zhang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenviroment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and ControlMedical SchoolWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ji Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouth‐Central University for NationalitiesWuhanChina
| | - Qingming Wu
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenviroment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and ControlMedical SchoolWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Kaiwen Guo
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenviroment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and ControlMedical SchoolWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenviroment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and ControlMedical SchoolWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Wei Kevin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouth‐Central University for NationalitiesWuhanChina
| | - Wanxin Liu
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenviroment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and ControlMedical SchoolWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenviroment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and ControlMedical SchoolWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouth‐Central University for NationalitiesWuhanChina
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Cai Q, Dozmorov M, Oh Y. IGFBP-3/IGFBP-3 Receptor System as an Anti-Tumor and Anti-Metastatic Signaling in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051261. [PMID: 32443727 PMCID: PMC7290346 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) is a p53 tumor suppressor-regulated protein and a major carrier for IGFs in circulation. Among six high-affinity IGFBPs, which are IGFBP-1 through 6, IGFBP-3 is the most extensively investigated IGFBP species with respect to its IGF/IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR)-independent biological actions beyond its endocrine/paracrine/autocrine role in modulating IGF action in cancer. Disruption of IGFBP-3 at transcriptional and post-translational levels has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many different types of cancer including breast, prostate, and lung cancer. Over the past two decades, a wealth of evidence has revealed both tumor suppressing and tumor promoting effects of IGF/IGF-IR-independent actions of IGFBP-3 depending upon cell types, post-translational modifications, and assay methods. However, IGFBP-3′s anti-tumor function has been well accepted due to identification of functional IGFBP-3-interacting proteins, putative receptors, or crosstalk with other signaling cascades. This review mainly focuses on transmembrane protein 219 (TMEM219), which represents a novel IGFBP-3 receptor mediating antitumor effect of IGFBP-3. Furthermore, this review delineates the potential underlying mechanisms involved and the subsequent biological significance, emphasizing the clinical significance of the IGFBP-3/TMEM219 axis in assessing both the diagnosis and the prognosis of cancer as well as the therapeutic potential of TMEM219 agonists for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cai
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (Q.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Mikhail Dozmorov
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (Q.C.); (M.D.)
- Department of Biostatistics, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Youngman Oh
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (Q.C.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-804-827-1324
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Wu H, Guo H, Liu H, Cui H, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao L. Copper sulfate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes hepatic apoptosis by activating CHOP, JNK and caspase-12 signaling pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110236. [PMID: 32001424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu), a transition metal, is an essential trace element in human and animal nutrition at low concentration, but Cu has toxic effects on tissues and organs at high concentration. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a toxicological target in Cu poison. Thus far, no studies have focused on the relationship among copper, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in animal and human livers. In the present study, mice treated with copper sulfate (CuSO4) were used to assess the impacts of copper on ER stress and hepatic apoptosis. A total of 240 mice were orally administered with 0 (control), 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg of CuSO4 for 42 days. The results indicated that CuSO4 at 10 mg/kg markedly induced hepatocyte apoptosis and ER stress. In addition, ER stress was characterized by the increased mRNA and protein levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and 94 (GRP94). Furthermore, ER stress-triggered 3 apoptotic pathways were also activated by the increased intracellular calcium and up-regulated expression levels of genes involved in growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (Gadd153/CHOP), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and cysteine aspartate-specific protease 12 (caspase-12) signaling pathways in CuSO4-treated mice. In conclusion, CuSO4-induced ER stress can promote hepatic apoptosis in mice by activating CHOP, JNK and caspase-12 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural information engineering of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yinglun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Afşar E, Kırımlıoglu E, Çeker T, Yılmaz Ç, Demir N, Aslan M. Effect of ER stress on sphingolipid levels and apoptotic pathways in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Redox Biol 2020; 30:101430. [PMID: 31978676 PMCID: PMC6976939 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to determine sphingolipid levels and examine apoptotic pathways in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) undergoing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Methods Cells were treated with tunicamycin (TM) to induce ER stress and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), an ER stress inhibitor, was administered to decrease cytotoxicity. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Levels of C16–C24 sphingomyelins (SM) and C16–C24 ceramides (CERs) were determined by LC-MS/MS. Glucose-regulated protein 78-kd (GRP78) and nuclear factor kappa-b subunit 1 (NFκB1) gene expressions were evaluated by quantitative PCR analysis, while GRP 78, NF-κB p65, cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-12 protein levels were assesed by immunofluorescence. Ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) levels were determined by immunoassay, while caspase −3 and −12 activity in cell lysates were measured via a fluorometric method. Results Induction of ER stress in TM treated groups were confirmed by significantly increased mRNA and protein levels of GRP78. TM significantly decreased cell viability compared to controls. Treatment with TUDCA along with TM significantly increased cell viability compared to the TM group. A significant increase was observed in C22–C24 CERs, C1P, caspase-3, caspase-12, NFκB1 mRNA and NF-κB p65 protein levels in cells treated with TM compared to controls. Administration of TUDCA lead to a partial decrease in GRP78 expression, NFκB1 mRNA, NF-κB p65 protein, C22–C24 CERs and C1P levels along with a decrease in caspase-3 and -12 activity. Conclusions The results of this study reveal the presence of increased long chain CERs, C1P and apoptotic markers in retinal cells undergoing ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Afşar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Esma Kırımlıoglu
- Department of Histology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Tuğçe Çeker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Çağatay Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Necdet Demir
- Department of Histology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
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Liu J, Wei L, Wang Z, Song S, Lin Z, Zhu J, Ren X, Kong L. Protective effect of Liraglutide on diabetic retinal neurodegeneration via inhibiting oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Neurochem Int 2019; 133:104624. [PMID: 31794832 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced retinal neurodegeneration occurs before visible microvascular abnormalities. Hyperglycemia-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ERS) and oxidative stress(OS) were considered as the important factors during diabetic retinopathy development. Liraglutide (LIRA), a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, is widely used in the clinic and also proved having protective effect on neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of LIRA on diabetes-induced retinal neurodegeneration and underlying mechanisms. In vivo, a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) injection were used inducing diabetes model. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used for morphological observation and measuring retinal thickness. In vitro, Neuro2a cells were cultured in normal and high-glucose conditions. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze apoptosis. Additionally, Western blotting and Immunohistochemistry were carried out to detect proteins expression. The retinal thickness was decreased in diabetes. However, the retinal thickness reducing was delay after LIRA treatment in diabetes. In vitro, the apoptosis percentage, ROS production and the expression of ERS related protein GRP78, ASK1, p-IRE1α was increased and the expression of Nrf2, p-Erk1/2, Trx was decreased after HG treatment, However, the apoptosis percentage, generation of ROS and the expression of GRP78, ASK1, p-IRE1 were decreased. The expression of Nrf2, p-Erk1/2, Trx was increased significantly after LIRA treatment. Taken together, our results indicated that LIRA can alleviates diabetes-induced retinal neurodegeneration which activated Erk pathway inhibiting OS and regulated the Trx-ASK1complex inhibiting ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of basic medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Limin Wei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of basic medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Zhizhou Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of basic medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Shiyu Song
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of basic medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Zhongyi Lin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of basic medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Jiaxu Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of basic medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of basic medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, LiaoNing Province, China.
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of basic medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, LiaoNing Province, China.
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Kumar V, Mesentier-Louro LA, Oh AJ, Heng K, Shariati MA, Huang H, Hu Y, Liao YJ. Increased ER Stress After Experimental Ischemic Optic Neuropathy and Improved RGC and Oligodendrocyte Survival After Treatment With Chemical Chaperon. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:1953-1966. [PMID: 31060051 PMCID: PMC6735778 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one of the earliest subcellular changes in neuro-ophthalmic diseases. In this study, we investigated the expression of key molecules in the ER stress pathways following nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), the most common acute optic neuropathy in adults over 50, and assessed the impact of chemical chaperon 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) in vivo. Methods We induced AION using photochemical thrombosis in adult mice and performed histologic analyses of key molecules in the ER stress pathway in the retina and optic nerve. We also assessed the effects of daily intraperitoneal injections of 4-PBA after AION. Results In the retina at baseline, there was low proapoptotic transcriptional regulator C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and high prosurvival chaperon glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) expression in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). One day after AION, there was significantly increased CHOP and reduced GRP78 expressions in the ganglion cell layer. In the optic nerve at baseline, there was little CHOP and high GRP78 expression. One day after AION, there was significantly increased CHOP and no change in GRP78 expression. Treatment immediately after AION using daily intraperitoneal injection of chemical chaperone 4-PBA for 19 days significantly rescued Brn3A+ RGCs and Olig2+ optic nerve oligodendrocytes. Conclusions We showed for the first time that acute AION resulted in increased ER stress and differential expression of ER stress markers CHOP and GRP78 in the retina and optic nerve. Rescue of RGCs and oligodendrocytes with 4-PBA provides support for ER stress reduction as possible treatment for AION.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | | | - Angela Jinsook Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Kathleen Heng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Haoliang Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Yaping Joyce Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States.,Department of Neurology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
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Particulate Matter 2.5 Mediates Cutaneous Cellular Injury by Inducing Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: Protective Effects of Ginsenoside Rb1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090383. [PMID: 31505827 PMCID: PMC6769862 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of fine particulate matter-induced harm to the human body is increasing daily. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism by which particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) induces damage in human HaCaT keratinocytes and normal human dermal fibroblasts, and to evaluate the preventive capacity of the ginsenoside Rb1. PM2.5 induced oxidative stress by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species, leading to DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation; this effect was inhibited by ginsenoside Rb1. Through gene silencing of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes such as PERK, IRE1, ATF, and CHOP, and through the use of the ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), it was demonstrated that PM2.5-induced ER stress also causes apoptosis and ultimately leads to cell death; however, this phenomenon was reversed by ginsenoside Rb1. We also found that TUDCA partially restored the production of ATP that was inhibited by PM2.5, and its recovery ability was significantly higher than that of ginsenoside Rb1, indicating that the process of ER stress leading to cell damage may also occur via the mitochondrial pathway. We concluded that ER stress acts alone or via the mitochondrial pathway in the induction of cell damage by PM2.5, and that ginsenoside Rb1 blocks this process. Ginsenoside Rb1 shows potential for use in skin care products to protect the skin against damage by fine particles.
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Zhang J, Cao P, Gui J, Wang X, Han J, Wang Y, Wang G. Arctigenin ameliorates renal impairment and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetic db/db mice. Life Sci 2019; 223:194-201. [PMID: 30898648 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an important role in the development and progression of DN. Arctigenin (ATG), a lignan extract from Fructus Arctii, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, anti-oxidative stress and immunomodulatory properties. The present research aimed to investigate whether ATG could protect against diabetes-related renal injury and inhibit ER stress in db/db mice. MAIN METHODS Male db/db mice were randomly divided into two groups: DN group and ATG treatment group (DN + ATG). db/m mice were defined as the normal control group (NC). ATG was dissolved in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt solution and administered orally at a dose of 80 mg/kg to mice in the DN + ATG group once daily for 8 consecutive weeks. HK2 cells were used to determine the effects of ATG on ER stress and cell apoptosis in vitro. KEY FINDINGS ATG administration significantly reduced blood glucose, urine albumin excretion, and urine albumin to creatinine ratio, and attenuated renal pathological injury when compared with untreated db/db mice. These changes were accompanied by decreased expression of both ER stress-related markers and caspase 12 level in the kidneys of db/db mice. In vitro, high glucose activated ER stress signal transduction pathway and induced cell apoptosis in HK2 cells, which were blocked by ATG. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that ATG exerts renoprotective effects on diabetes-related renal injury in db/db mice and cytoprotective effects on high glucose induced cell apoptosis and inhibits ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Jingjing Gui
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Jun Han
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Drug Research & Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China.
| | - Guodong Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Drug Research & Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
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Yang J, Chen C, McLaughlin T, Wang Y, Le YZ, Wang JJ, Zhang SX. Loss of X-box binding protein 1 in Müller cells augments retinal inflammation in a mouse model of diabetes. Diabetologia 2019; 62:531-543. [PMID: 30612139 PMCID: PMC6374194 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4776-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Müller glia (MG) are major sources of retinal cytokines, and their activation is closely linked to retinal inflammation and vascular leakage in diabetic retinopathy. Previously, we demonstrated that X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), a transcription factor activated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in diabetic retinopathy, is involved in regulation of inflammation in retinal endothelial cells. Now, we have explored the role of XBP1 and ER stress in the regulation of MG-derived proinflammatory factors, and their influence on vascular permeability in diabetic retinopathy. METHODS MG-specific conditional Xbp1 knockout (Xbp1Müller-/-) mice were generated by crossing Xbp1 flox/flox mice with Müller-Cre transgenic mice. Diabetes was modelled by induction with streptozotocin, and retinal vascular permeability was measured with FITC-conjugated dextran 2 months after induction. Primary Müller cells were isolated from Xbp1Müller-/- and Xbp1Müller+/+ mice and exposed to hypoxia and high levels of glucose. Levels of ER-stress and inflammatory factors were examined by real-time PCR, western blotting or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Xbp1Müller-/- mice exhibited normal retinal development and retinal function and expressed similar levels of ER-stress and inflammatory genes to Xbp1Müller+/+ littermates. In diabetes-inducing conditions, compared with Xbp1Müller+/+ mice, Xbp1Müller-/- mice had higher mRNA levels of retinal Vegf (also known as Vegfa) and Tnf-α (also known as Tnf) and ER-stress marker genes Grp78 (also known as Hspa5), Atf4, Chop (also known as Ddit3) and Atf6 and higher protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), TNF-α, phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), phospho-eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF)2α and activating transcription factor (ATF)6. Retinal vascular permeability was significantly higher in diabetic Xbp1Müller-/- mice than in diabetic Xbp1Müller+/+ mice (p < 0.01). Results obtained in vitro with primary Müller cells isolated from Xbp1Müller-/- mice confirmed higher expression levels of inflammatory and ER-stress markers (but not GRP78) than in cells from Xbp1Müller+/+ mice. Moreover, XBP1-deficient Müller cells were more susceptible to high-glucose- or hypoxia-induced ER stress and inflammation than cells from Xbp1Müller+/+ mice. Inhibition of ER stress with chemical chaperones suppressed hypoxia-induced VEGF and TNF-α production in XBP1-deficient Müller cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results have revealed an important role of XBP1 and ER stress in MG-driven retinal inflammation, and suggest that targeting ER stress may represent a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ira G. Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
- SUNY Eye Institute, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Todd McLaughlin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ira G. Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
- SUNY Eye Institute, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ira G. Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
- SUNY Eye Institute, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Yun-Zheng Le
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Joshua J Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ira G. Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
- SUNY Eye Institute, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sarah X Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ira G. Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
- SUNY Eye Institute, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Zhao X, Zhu L, Liu D, Chi T, Ji X, Liu P, Yang X, Tian X, Zou L. Sigma-1 receptor protects against endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in mice with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Apoptosis 2019; 24:157-167. [PMID: 30387007 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Reports have showed that Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) activation can protect neurons against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice and alleviate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cultured cells, but little known is about the protective role of Sig-1R on ER stress induced by cerebral I/R. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Sig-1R exerts a protective effect against ER stress-mediated apoptosis in cerebral I/R using a 15-min bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) mouse model. At 72 h after reperfusion in BCCAO mice, we found that Sig-1R knockout (Sig-1R KO) significantly increased terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells and nuclear structural damage in cortical neurons. Treatment with the Sig-1R agonist PRE084 once daily for three consecutive days reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells and improved the ultrastructural damage of neurons in the cerebral cortex. These protective effects could be blocked by the Sig-1R antagonist BD1047. Then, we used BCCAO mice at 24 h after reperfusion to detect the expression of ER stress-mediated apoptotic pathway proteins. We found that expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF, CHOP, p-IRE, p-JNK, Bim, PUMA, cleaved-caspase-12 and cleaved-caspase-3 was significantly increased and that expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was significantly decreased in Sig-1R KO-BCCAO mice compared with BCCAO mice. Meanwhile, we found that treatment with PRE084 twice a day decreased pro-apoptotic protein expression and increased anti-apoptotic protein expression. The effects of PRE084 were blocked by the Sig-1R antagonist BD1047. These results suggest that Sig-1R activation inhibits ER stress-mediated apoptosis in BCCAO mice, indicating that Sig-1R may be a therapeutic target for neuroprotection particularly relevant to ER stress-induced apoptosis after cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar, 161006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyan Chi
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuexue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Dheer Y, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Sharma S, Pushpitha K, Abbasi M, Mirzaei M, You Y, Graham SL, Gupta V. Retinoid x receptor modulation protects against ER stress response and rescues glaucoma phenotypes in adult mice. Exp Neurol 2019; 314:111-125. [PMID: 30703361 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) play an important role in transcription, are involved in numerous cellular networks from cell proliferation to lipid metabolism and are essential for normal eye development. RXRs form homo or heterodimers with other nuclear receptors, bind to DNA response elements and regulate several biological processes including neurogenesis. Mounting evidence suggests that RXR activation by selective RXR modulators (sRXRms) may be neuroprotective in the central nervous system. However, their potential neuroprotective role in the retina and specifically in glaucoma remains unexplored. This study investigated changes in RXR expression in the human and mouse retina under glaucomatous stress conditions and investigated the effect of RXR modulation on the RGCs using pharmacological approaches. RXR protein levels in retina were downregulated in both human glaucoma and experimental RGC injury models while RXR agonist, bexarotene treatment resulted in upregulation of RXR expression particularly in the inner retinal layers. Retinal electrophysiological recordings and histological analysis indicated that inner retinal function and retinal laminar structure were preserved upon treatment with bexarotene. These protective effects were associated with downregulation of ER stress marker response upon bexarotene treatment under glaucoma conditions. Overall, retinal RXR modulation by bexarotene significantly protected RGCs in vivo in both acute and chronic glaucoma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Dheer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Samridhi Sharma
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Kanishka Pushpitha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mojdeh Abbasi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Molecular Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Protective effects of Astragaloside IV on endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced renal tubular epithelial cells apoptosis in type 2 diabetic nephropathy rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Huang T, Zhang H, Wang X, Xu L, Jia J, Zhu X. Gambogenic acid inhibits the proliferation of small‑cell lung cancer cells by arresting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:1700-1706. [PMID: 30592285 PMCID: PMC6365701 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gambogenic acid (GNA), which is an important active compound present in gamboge, exerts anticancer activity in various types of tumor cells. However, the effect of GNA on small‑cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines and the underlying mechanism involved still remain unclear. In the present study, GNA inhibited the proliferation and cell cycle progression of SCLC cells. GNA also promoted the apoptosis of SCLC cells in a dose‑dependent manner, which is associated with modulating the levels of proteins involved in apoptosis pathways in NCI‑H446 and NCI‑H1688 cells. The results demonstrated that GNA increased the level of cleaved caspase‑3, ‑8 and ‑9, and Bax but decreased the expression of anti‑apoptotic protein, Bcl‑2. Furthermore, similar results were obtained in a mouse tumor xenograft model. Additionally, GNA exhibit low toxicity in tissues when administered to mice in the SCLC xenograft models. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that GNA significantly inhibited the proliferation of SCLC cells and promoted cell apoptosis via cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, P.R. China
| | - Hongming Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, The Affiliated Yancheng Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Xiyong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jinfang Jia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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50
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Huang Y, Du J, Mi Y, Li T, Gong Y, Ouyang H, Hou Y. Long Non-coding RNAs Contribute to the Inhibition of Proliferation and EMT by Pterostilbene in Human Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:629. [PMID: 30619763 PMCID: PMC6305487 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is increasing evidence that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the process of carcinogenesis and treatment using chemotherapy. Pterostilbene, a phytochemical agent with natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has been shown to modulate oncogenic processes in many cancers. However, there has been limited research on the association between pterostilbene and the expression of lncRNAs. Methods: MCF7 breast cancer cells were treated with various concentrations of pterostilbene and their gene expression profile was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Results: Treatment with pterostilbene inhibited cell proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and increased cell apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress. The Akt/mTOR pathway was downregulated, but p38 MAPK/Erk signaling was activated in cells following treatment with pterostilbene. Pterostilbene increased the expression of the lncRNAs MEG3, TUG1, H19, and DICER1-AS1 whereas the expression of LINC01121, PTTG3P, and HOTAIR declined. Knockdown of lncRNA H19 resulted in a reduction of the cell invasion, with the cells becoming more sensitive to pterostilbene therapy. Conclusions: These results suggest that efficient optimum disruption of lncRNA expression might possibly improve the anti-tumor effects of phytochemical agents, thus serving as a potential therapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongye Huang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Du
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Mi
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianye Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Gong
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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