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Jiang Y, Qian HY. Transcription factors: key regulatory targets of vascular smooth muscle cell in atherosclerosis. Mol Med 2023; 29:2. [PMID: 36604627 PMCID: PMC9817296 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), leading to gradual occlusion of the arterial lumen, refers to the accumulation of lipids and inflammatory debris in the arterial wall. Despite therapeutic advances over past decades including intervention or surgery, atherosclerosis is still the most common cause of cardiovascular diseases and the main mechanism of death and disability worldwide. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an imperative role in the occurrence of atherosclerosis and throughout the whole stages. In the past, there was a lack of comprehensive understanding of VSMCs, but the development of identification technology, including in vivo single-cell sequencing technology and lineage tracing with the CreERT2-loxP system, suggests that VSMCs have remarkable plasticity and reevaluates well-established concepts about the contribution of VSMCs. Transcription factors, a kind of protein molecule that specifically recognizes and binds DNA upstream promoter regions or distal enhancer DNA elements, play a key role in the transcription initiation of the coding genes and are necessary for RNA polymerase to bind gene promoters. In this review, we highlight that, except for environmental factors, VSMC genes are transcriptionally regulated through complex interactions of multiple conserved cis-regulatory elements and transcription factors. In addition, through a series of transcription-related regulatory processes, VSMCs could undergo phenotypic transformation, proliferation, migration, calcification and apoptosis. Finally, enhancing or inhibiting transcription factors can regulate the development of atherosclerotic lesions, and the downstream molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation has also been widely studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing, 100037 China
| | - Hai-Yan Qian
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing, 100037 China
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Kumar S, Jin J, Park HY, Kim MJ, Chin J, Lee S, Kim J, Kim JG, Choi YK, Park KG. DN200434 Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Prevents Neointima Formation in Mice after Carotid Artery Ligation. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:800-809. [PMID: 36168774 PMCID: PMC9633220 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2022.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Excessive proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which contributes to the development of occlusive vascular diseases, requires elevated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to meet the increased requirements for energy and anabolic precursors. Therefore, therapeutic strategies based on blockade of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation are considered promising for treatment of occlusive vascular diseases. Here, we investigated whether DN200434, an orally available estrogen receptor-related gamma inverse agonist, inhibits proliferation and migration of VSMCs and neointima formation by suppressing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. METHODS VSMCs were isolated from the thoracic aortas of 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Oxidative phosphorylation and the cell cycle were analyzed in fetal bovine serum (FBS)- or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated VSMCs using a Seahorse XF-24 analyzer and flow cytometry, respectively. A model of neointimal hyperplasia was generated by ligating the left common carotid artery in male C57BL/6J mice. RESULTS DN200434 inhibited mitochondrial respiration and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 activity and consequently suppressed FBS- or PDGF-stimulated proliferation and migration of VSMCs and cell cycle progression. Furthermore, DN200434 reduced carotid artery ligation-induced neointima formation in mice. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that DN200434 is a therapeutic option to prevent the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Kumar
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jonghwa Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyeon Young Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jungwook Chin
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung-Guk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yeon-Kyung Choi
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- Yeon-Kyung Choi. Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41404, Korea Tel: +82-53-200-3869, Fax: +82-53-200-3870, E-mail:
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Keun-Gyu Park. Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea Tel: +82-53-200-5505, Fax: +82-53-426-2046, E-mail:
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Lian X, Lv M, Shi B. MicroRNA-144 silencing attenuates intimal hyperplasia by directly targeting PTEN. Clin Exp Hypertens 2022; 44:1-9. [PMID: 36121042 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2022.2123923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimal hyperplasia contributed by phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNA-144 (miR-144) is recently reported to be implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the individual role of miR-144 in VSMCs phenotypic modulation and intimal hyperplasia currently still remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Here we found that miR-144 expression was upregulated in carotid arteries with intimal hyperplasia that subjected to wire injury and the consistent results were obtained with dedifferentiated VSMCs upon platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) stimulation. Loss-of-function study showed that miR-144 knockdown decreased the ability of VSMC proliferation tested by Brdu and CCK8, and reduced the migrate capability analyzed by Transwell, whereas increased the differentiated SMC marker gene expression examined by RT-PCR. The above results were reversed by miR-144 overexpression. Mechanistically, we have demonstrated that PTEN was the direct target of miR-144 that was responsible for the alleviated effect of miR-144 inhibition on phenotypic switching of VSMCs. Notably, mice injected with miR-144 inhibitor attenuated the formation of neointimal lesions in response to wire injury and maintained the mature SMC marker expression inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. CONCLUSION Our research exhibited that miR-144 knockdown attenuated intimal hyperplasia through inhibiting the VSMC phenotypic switching, which was partially mediated by directly targeting to PTEN. Taken together, these evidences suggested that miR-144 may act as a promising therapeutic target for arterial restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Lian
- Department of Cardiology, LiaoBu Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ming Lv
- Department of Radiology, LiaoBu Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Bo Shi
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, LiaoBu Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Ramji DP, Ismail A, Chen J, Alradi F, Al Alawi S. Survey of In Vitro Model Systems for Investigation of Key Cellular Processes Associated with Atherosclerosis. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2419:39-56. [PMID: 35237957 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis progression is associated with a complex array of cellular processes in the arterial wall, including endothelial cell activation/dysfunction, chemokine-driven recruitment of immune cells, differentiation of monocytes to macrophages and their subsequent transformation into lipid laden foam cells, activation of inflammasome and pro-inflammatory signaling, and migration of smooth muscle cells from the media to the intima. The use of in vitro model systems has considerably advanced our understanding of these atherosclerosis-associated processes and they are also often used in drug discovery and other screening platforms. This chapter will describe key in vitro model systems employed frequently in atherosclerosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Alaa Ismail
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jing Chen
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Fahad Alradi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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O'Morain VL, Chan Y, Williams JO, Alotibi R, Alahmadi A, Rodrigues NP, Plummer SF, Hughes TR, Michael DR, Ramji DP. The Lab4P Consortium of Probiotics Attenuates Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor Deficient Mice Fed a High Fat Diet and Causes Plaque Stabilization by Inhibiting Inflammation and Several Pro-Atherogenic Processes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100214. [PMID: 34216185 PMCID: PMC9373067 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Previous studies show that Lab4 probiotic consortium plus Lactobacillus plantarum CUL66 (Lab4P) reduces diet-induced weight gain and plasma cholesterol levels in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). The effect of Lab4P on atherosclerosis is not known and is therefore investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Atherosclerosis-associated parameters are analyzed in LDL receptor deficient mice fed HFD for 12 weeks alone or supplemented with Lab4P. Lab4P increases plasma HDL and triglyceride levels and decreases LDL/VLDL levels. Lab4P also reduces plaque burden and content of lipids and macrophages, indicative of dampened inflammation, and increases smooth muscle cell content, a marker of plaque stabilization. Atherosclerosis arrays show that Lab4P alters the liver expression of 19 key disease-associated genes. Lab4P also decreases the frequency of macrophages and T-cells in the bone marrow. In vitro assays using conditioned media from probiotic bacteria demonstrates attenuation of several atherosclerosis-associated processes in vitro such as chemokine-driven monocytic migration, proliferation of monocytes and macrophages, foam cell formation and associated changes in expression of key genes, and proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into the anti-atherogenic actions of Lab4P together with the underlying mechanisms and supports further assessments in human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L. O'Morain
- Cardiff School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversitySir Martin Evans Building, Museum AvenueCardiffCF10 3AXUK
| | - Yee‐Hung Chan
- Cardiff School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversitySir Martin Evans Building, Museum AvenueCardiffCF10 3AXUK
| | - Jessica O. Williams
- Cardiff School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversitySir Martin Evans Building, Museum AvenueCardiffCF10 3AXUK
| | - Reem Alotibi
- Cardiff School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversitySir Martin Evans Building, Museum AvenueCardiffCF10 3AXUK
| | - Alaa Alahmadi
- Cardiff School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversitySir Martin Evans Building, Museum AvenueCardiffCF10 3AXUK
| | - Neil P. Rodrigues
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityHadyn Ellis Building, Maindy RoadCardiffCF24 4HQUK
| | - Sue F. Plummer
- Cultech LimitedUnit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial ParkPort TalbotSA12 7BZUK
| | - Timothy R. Hughes
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XNUK
| | - Daryn R. Michael
- Cultech LimitedUnit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial ParkPort TalbotSA12 7BZUK
| | - Dipak P. Ramji
- Cardiff School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversitySir Martin Evans Building, Museum AvenueCardiffCF10 3AXUK
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PTEN as a Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Left-heart Failure: Effect of HO-3867 and Supplemental Oxygenation. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:593-607. [PMID: 34133009 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition when the pressure in the lung blood vessels is elevated. This leads to increase in thickness of the blood vessels and increases the workload of the heart and lungs. The incidence and prevalence of PH has been on the increase in the last decade. It is estimated that PH affects about 1% of the global population and about 10% of individuals >65 years of age. Of the various types, Group 2 PH is the most common type seen in the elderly population. Fixed PH or PH refractive to therapies is considered a contraindication for heart transplantation; the 30-day mortality in heart transplant recipients is significantly increased in the subset of this population. In general, the pathobiology of PH involves multiple factors including hypoxia, oxidative stress, growth factor receptors, vascular stress, etc. Hence, it is challenging and important to identify specific mechanisms, diagnosis and develop effective therapeutic strategies. The focus of this manuscript is to review some of the important pathobiological processes and mechanisms in the development of PH. Results from our previously reported studies, including targeted treatments along with some new data on PH secondary to left-heart failure, are presented.
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Zhang B, Zhao Z, Huang Y, Mao H, Zou M, Wang C, Yu G, Zhang M. Correlation between quantitative perfusion histogram parameters of DCE-MRI and PTEN, P-Akt and m-TOR in different pathological types of lung cancer. BMC Med Imaging 2021; 21:73. [PMID: 33865336 PMCID: PMC8052821 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-021-00604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To explore if the quantitative perfusion histogram parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) correlates with the expression of PTEN, P-Akt and m-TOR protein in lung cancer. Methods Thirty‐three patients with 33 lesions who had been diagnosed with lung cancer were enrolled in this study. They were divided into three groups: squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, 15 cases), adenocarcinoma (AC, 12 cases) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC, 6 cases). Preoperative imaging (conventional imaging and DCE-MRI) was performed on all patients. The Exchange model was used to measure the phar- macokinetic parameters, including Ktrans, Vp, Kep, Ve and Fp, and then the histogram parameters meanvalue, skewness, kurtosis, uniformity, energy, entropy, quantile of above five parameters were analyzed. The expression of PTEN, P-Akt and m-TOR were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Spearman correlation analysis was used to compare the correlation between the quantitative perfusion histogram parameters and the expression of PTEN, P-Akt and m-TOR in different pathological subtypes of lung cancer. Results The expression of m-TOR (P = 0.013) and P-Akt (P = 0.002) in AC was significantly higher than those in SCC. Vp (uniformity) in SCC group, Ktrans (uniformity), Ve (kurtosis, Q10, Q25) in AC group, Fp (skewness, kurtosis, energy), Ve (Q75, Q90, Q95) in SCLC group was positively correlated with PTEN, and Fp (entropy) in the SCLC group was negatively correlated with PTEN (P < 0.05); Kep (Q5, Q10) in the SCLC group was positively correlated with P-Akt, and Kep (energy) in the SCLC group was negatively correlated with P-Akt (P < 0.05); Kep (Q5) in SCC group and Vp (meanvalue, Q75, Q90, Q95) in SCLC group was positively correlated with m-TOR, and Ve (meanvalue) in SCC group was negatively correlated with m-TOR (P < 0.05). Conclusions The quantitative perfusion histogram parameters of DCE-MRI was correlated with the expression of PTEN, P-Akt and m-TOR in different pathological types of lung cancer, which may be used to indirectly evaluate the activation status of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway gene in lung cancer, and provide important reference for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School), No. 568, North Zhongxing Road, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing City, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School), No. 568, North Zhongxing Road, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing City, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Ya'nan Huang
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School), No. 568, North Zhongxing Road, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing City, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haijia Mao
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School), No. 568, North Zhongxing Road, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing City, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mingyue Zou
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School), No. 568, North Zhongxing Road, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing City, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School), Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Guangmao Yu
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School), Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
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Bonetti J, Corti A, Lerouge L, Pompella A, Gaucher C. Phenotypic Modulation of Macrophages and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis-Nitro-Redox Interconnections. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040516. [PMID: 33810295 PMCID: PMC8066740 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes/macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) are the main cell types implicated in atherosclerosis development, and unlike other mature cell types, both retain a remarkable plasticity. In mature vessels, differentiated vSMCs control the vascular tone and the blood pressure. In response to vascular injury and modifications of the local environment (inflammation, oxidative stress), vSMCs switch from a contractile to a secretory phenotype and also display macrophagic markers expression and a macrophagic behaviour. Endothelial dysfunction promotes adhesion to the endothelium of monocytes, which infiltrate the sub-endothelium and differentiate into macrophages. The latter become polarised into M1 (pro-inflammatory), M2 (anti-inflammatory) or Mox macrophages (oxidative stress phenotype). Both monocyte-derived macrophages and macrophage-like vSMCs are able to internalise and accumulate oxLDL, leading to formation of “foam cells” within atherosclerotic plaques. Variations in the levels of nitric oxide (NO) can affect several of the molecular pathways implicated in the described phenomena. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms could help to identify novel specific therapeutic targets, but to date much remains to be explored. The present article is an overview of the different factors and signalling pathways implicated in plaque formation and of the effects of NO on the molecular steps of the phenotypic switch of macrophages and vSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Bonetti
- CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.B.); (L.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Alessandro Corti
- Department of Translational Research NTMS, University of Pisa Medical School, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Lucie Lerouge
- CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.B.); (L.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Alfonso Pompella
- Department of Translational Research NTMS, University of Pisa Medical School, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2218-537
| | - Caroline Gaucher
- CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.B.); (L.L.); (C.G.)
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Mercier C, Rousseau M, Geraldes P. Growth Factor Deregulation and Emerging Role of Phosphatases in Diabetic Peripheral Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:619612. [PMID: 33490120 PMCID: PMC7817696 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.619612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease is caused by atherosclerosis of lower extremity arteries leading to the loss of blood perfusion and subsequent critical ischemia. The presence of diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor that greatly increases the incidence, the progression and the severity of the disease. In addition to accelerated disease progression, diabetic patients are also more susceptible to develop serious impairment of their walking abilities through an increased risk of lower limb amputation. Hyperglycemia is known to alter the physiological development of collateral arteries in response to ischemia. Deregulation in the production of several critical pro-angiogenic factors has been reported in diabetes along with vascular cell unresponsiveness in initiating angiogenic processes. Among the multiple molecular mechanisms involved in the angiogenic response, protein tyrosine phosphatases are potent regulators by dephosphorylating pro-angiogenic tyrosine kinase receptors. However, evidence has indicated that diabetes-induced deregulation of phosphatases contributes to the progression of several micro and macrovascular complications. This review provides an overview of growth factor alterations in the context of diabetes and peripheral artery disease, as well as a description of the role of phosphatases in the regulation of angiogenic pathways followed by an analysis of the effects of hyperglycemia on the modulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase expression and activity. Knowledge of the role of phosphatases in diabetic peripheral artery disease will help the development of future therapeutics to locally regulate phosphatases and improve angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Mercier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marina Rousseau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Geraldes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Wang SS, Wang C, Chen H. MicroRNAs are critical in regulating smooth muscle cell mineralization and apoptosis during vascular calcification. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13564-13572. [PMID: 33089928 PMCID: PMC7754013 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification refers to the pathological deposition of calcium and phosphate minerals into the vasculature. It is prevalent in atherosclerosis, ageing, type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, thus, increasing morbidity and mortality from these conditions. Vascular calcification shares similar mechanisms with bone mineralization, with smooth muscle cells playing a critical role in both processes. In the last decade, a variety of microRNAs have been identified as key regulators for the differentiation, phenotypic switch, proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine production and matrix deposition in vascular smooth muscle cells during vascular calcification. Therefore, this review mainly discusses the roles of microRNAs in the pathophysiological mechanisms of vascular calcification in smooth muscle cells and describes several interventions against vascular calcification by regulating microRNAs. As the exact mechanisms of calcification remain not fully elucidated, having a better understanding of microRNA involvement in vascular calcification may give impetus to development of novel therapeutics for the control and treatment of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Sun B, Cao Q, Meng M, Wang X. MicroRNA-186-5p serves as a diagnostic biomarker in atherosclerosis and regulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:27. [PMID: 32336973 PMCID: PMC7171790 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective MicroRNA dysregulation occurs in many human diseases, including atherosclerosis. Here, we examined the serum expression and clinical significance of miR-186-5p in patients with atherosclerosis, and explored its influence on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration. Methods Blood samples were collected from 104 patients with asymptomatic atherosclerosis and 80 healthy controls. Quantitative real-time PCR was applied to measure the miR-186-5p level. An ROC curve was established to assess the discriminatory ability of the serum miR-186-5p level for identifying atherosclerosis from controls. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the impact of miR-186-5p on cell behaviors. Results Serum expression of miR-186-5p was significantly higher in atherosclerosis patients than in the control group. The serum miR-186-5p level showed a positive correlation with CIMT and could be used to distinguish atherosclerosis patients from healthy controls, with an area under the curve (AUC) score of 0.891. In VSMCs, overexpression of miR-186-5p significantly promoted cell proliferation and migration, while the opposite results were observed when miR-186-5p was downregulated. Conclusion Overexpression of miR-186-5p has a certain diagnostic significance for atherosclerosis. Upregulation of miR-186-5p stimulates VSMC proliferation and migration. Therefore, it is a possible target for atherosclerosis interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, 262500 Shandong China
| | - Qingtao Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, 262500 Shandong China
| | - Meng Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, 262500 Shandong China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- 3Department of Emergency Cardiovascular Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151 Guangwen Street, Weifang, 261000 Shandong China
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Selective inhibition of PKR improves vascular inflammation and remodelling in high fructose treated primary vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Chou CC, Wang CP, Chen JH, Lin HH. Anti-Atherosclerotic Effect of Hibiscus Leaf Polyphenols against Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha-Induced Abnormal Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Proliferation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120620. [PMID: 31817413 PMCID: PMC6943519 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are major events in the development of atherosclerosis following stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Plant-derived polyphenols have attracted considerable attention in the prevention of atherosclerosis. Hibiscus leaf has been showed to inhibit endothelial cell oxidative injury, low-density lipoprotein oxidation, and foam cell formation. In this study, we examined the anti-atherosclerotic effect of Hibiscus leaf polyphenols (HLPs) against abnormal VSMC migration and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, VSMC A7r5 cells pretreated with TNF-α were demonstrated to trigger abnormal proliferation and affect matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities. Non-cytotoxic doses of HLPs abolished the TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression and cell migration via inhibiting the protein kinase PKB (also known as Akt)/activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathway. On the other hand, HLP-mediated cell cycle G0/G1 arrest might be exerted by inducing the expressions of p53 and its downstream factors that, in turn, suppress cyclin E/cdk2 activity, preventing retinoblastoma (Rb) phosphorylation and the subsequent dissociation of Rb/E2F complex. HLPs also attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production against TNF-α stimulation. In vivo, HLPs improved atherosclerotic lesions, and abnormal VSMC migration and proliferation. Our data present the first evidence of HLPs as an inhibitor of VSMC dysfunction, and provide a new mechanism for its anti-atherosclerotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chung Chou
- Laboratory Medicine, Antai Medical Care Corporation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung County 928, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Ping Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 0201, Taiwan;
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hsien Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 0201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-H.C.); (H.-H.L.); Tel.: +886-424-730-022 (ext. 12195) (J.-H.C.); +886-424-730-022 (ext. 12410) (H.-H.L.)
| | - Hui-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 0201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-H.C.); (H.-H.L.); Tel.: +886-424-730-022 (ext. 12195) (J.-H.C.); +886-424-730-022 (ext. 12410) (H.-H.L.)
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14
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Li L, Li Y, Tang C. The role of microRNAs in the involvement of vascular smooth muscle cells in the development of atherosclerosis. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:1102-1112. [PMID: 31066128 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of nonprotein-encoding RNAs of ~22 nucleotides in length that bind to or complement each other with a target gene messenger RNA (mRNA) to promote mRNA degradation or inhibit translation of the target mRNA. The protein required [such as Toll-like receptor (TLR) proteins] is controlled at an optimal level. By affecting protein translation, miRNAs have become powerful regulators of biological processes, including development, differentiation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. MiRNAs are involved in the regulation of proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), thereby affecting the formation of atherosclerosis (AS). In recent years, the role and mechanism of miRNAs involved in AS development in VSMCs have been studied extensively. In the current study, the results and progress in miRNA research are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Li
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chengchun Tang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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15
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Zhang X, Gao X, Hu J, Xie Y, Zuo Y, Xu H, Zhu S. ADAR1p150 Forms a Complex with Dicer to Promote miRNA-222 Activity and Regulate PTEN Expression in CVB3-Induced Viral Myocarditis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020407. [PMID: 30669342 PMCID: PMC6359435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) are enzymes that regulate RNA metabolism through post-transcriptional mechanisms. ADAR1 is involved in a variety of pathological conditions including inflammation, cancer, and the host defense against viral infections. However, the role of ADAR1p150 in vascular disease remains unclear. In this study, we examined the expression of ADAR1p150 and its role in viral myocarditis (VMC) in a mouse model. VMC mouse cardiomyocytes showed significantly higher expression of ADAR1p150 compared to the control samples. Coimmunoprecipitation verified that ADAR1p150 forms a complex with Dicer in VMC. miRNA-222, which is involved in many cardiac diseases, is highly expressed in cardiomyocytes in VMC. In addition, the expression of miRNA-222 was promoted by ADAR1p150/Dicer. Among the target genes of miRNA-222, the expression of phosphatase-and-tensin (PTEN) protein was significantly reduced in VMC. By using a bioinformatics tool, we found a potential binding site of miRNA-222 on the PTEN gene’s 3′-UTR, suggesting that miRNA-222 might play a regulatory role. In cultured cells, miR-222 suppressed PTEN expression. Our findings suggest that ADAR1p150 plays a key role in complexing with Dicer and promoting the expression of miRNA-222, the latter of which suppresses the expression of the target gene PTEN during VMC. Our work reveals a previously unknown role of ADAR1p150 in gene expression in VMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincai Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China.
| | - Xiangting Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 215021, China.
| | - Jun Hu
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China.
| | - Yuxin Xie
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China.
| | - Yuanyi Zuo
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China.
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China.
| | - Shaohua Zhu
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China.
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16
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Quatredeniers M, Nakhleh MK, Dumas SJ, Courboulin A, Vinhas MC, Antigny F, Phan C, Guignabert C, Bendifallah I, Vocelle M, Fadel E, Dorfmüller P, Humbert M, Cohen-Kaminsky S. Functional interaction between PDGFβ and GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors in smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 316:L445-L455. [PMID: 30543306 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00537.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the complex interactions between platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and their effect on the excessive proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells leading to obstructed arteries in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We report lower expression of glutamate receptor NMDA-type subunit 2B (GluN2B), a subunit composing NMDARs expected to affect cell survival/proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), in PAH patient lungs. PASMC exposure to PDGF-BB stimulated immediate increased levels of phosphorylated Src family kinases (SFKs) together with increased phosphorylated GluN2B (its active form) and cell surface relocalization, suggesting a cross talk between PDGFR-recruited SFKs and NMDAR. Selective inhibition of PDGFR-β or SFKs with imatinib or A-419259, respectively, on one hand, or with specific small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) on the other hand, aborted PDGF-induced phosphorylation of GluN2B, thus validating the pathway. Selective inhibition of GluN2B using Rö25-6981 and silencing with specific siRNA, in the presence of PDGF-BB, significantly increased both migration and proliferation of PASMCs, thus strengthening the functional importance of the pathway. Together, these results indicate that GluN2B-type NMDAR activation may confer to PASMCs antiproliferative and antimigratory properties. The decreased levels of GluN2B observed in PAH pulmonary arteries could mediate the excessive proliferation of PASMCs, thus contributing to medial hyperplasia and PAH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marceau Quatredeniers
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Morad K Nakhleh
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sébastien J Dumas
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Audrey Courboulin
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Maria C Vinhas
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Carole Phan
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Imane Bendifallah
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Matthieu Vocelle
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Elie Fadel
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Peter Dorfmüller
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sylvia Cohen-Kaminsky
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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17
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Keul P, Polzin A, Kaiser K, Gräler M, Dannenberg L, Daum G, Heusch G, Levkau B. Potent anti-inflammatory properties of HDL in vascular smooth muscle cells mediated by HDL-S1P and their impairment in coronary artery disease due to lower HDL-S1P: a new aspect of HDL dysfunction and its therapy. FASEB J 2018; 33:1482-1495. [PMID: 30130432 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801245r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional HDL is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), but its effect on inflammation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in atherosclerosis is unknown. We investigated the effect of healthy human HDL and CAD-HDL on TNF-α-driven inflammation in VSMCs and examined whether HDL-associated sphingosine-1-phosphate (HDL-S1P) could modulate inflammation with the aim of designing novel HDL-based anti-inflammatory strategies. Healthy human HDL, human CAD-HDL, and mouse HDL were isolated by ultracentrifugation, S1P was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and TNF-α-induced inflammation was characterized by gene expression and analysis of NF-κB-dependent signaling. Mechanisms of S1P interference with TNF-α were assessed by S1P receptor antagonists, mouse knockouts, and short interfering RNA. We observed that healthy HDL potently inhibited the induction of TNF-α-stimulated inflammatory genes, such as iNOS (inducible NO synthase) and MMP9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9), a process that was entirely dependent on HDL-S1P, as evidenced by loss-of-function using S1P-less HDL and mimicked by genuine S1P. Inhibition was based on suppression of TNF-α-activated Akt signaling resulting in reduced IkBαSer32 and p65Ser534 NF-κB phosphorylation based on a persistent phosphatase and tensin homolog activation by S1P through the S1P receptor 2. Intriguingly, S1P suppressed inflammation even hours after initial TNF-α stimulation. The anti-inflammatory effect of healthy HDL correlated with HDL-S1P content and was superior to that of CAD-HDL featuring lower HDL-S1P. Nevertheless, therapeutic loading of HDL with S1P completely restored the anti-inflammatory capacity of CAD-HDL and greatly boosted that of both healthy and CAD-HDL. Suppression of inflammation by HDL-S1P defines a novel pathophysiologic characteristic that distinguishes functional from dysfunctional HDL. The anti-inflammatory HDL function can be boosted by S1P-loading and exploited by S1P receptor-targeting to prevent and even turn off ongoing inflammation.-Keul, P., Polzin, A., Kaiser, K., Gräler, M., Dannenberg, L., Daum, G., Heusch, G., Levkau, B. Potent anti-inflammatory properties of HDL in vascular smooth muscle cells mediated by HDL-S1P and their impairment in coronary artery disease due to lower HDL-S1P: a new aspect of HDL dysfunction and its therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Keul
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Amin Polzin
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Kaiser
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany; and
| | - Lisa Dannenberg
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Günter Daum
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Vascular Medicine, University Heart Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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18
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Chen WJ, Chen YH, Hsu YJ, Lin KH, Yeh YH. MicroRNA-132 targeting PTEN contributes to cilostazol-promoted vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. Atherosclerosis 2018; 274:1-7. [PMID: 29738818 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cilostazol, beyond its antiplatelet effect, is also capable of promoting vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of PTEN, known to associate with VSMC differentiation, and its related microRNA (miRNA) in cilostazol-dependent effects. METHODS AND RESULTS Microarray analysis in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries comparing with and without balloon injury revealed that miR-132 was differentially expressed. Bioinformatic analysis predicts PTEN as a novel target of miR-132. Western blot and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction along with in situ hybridization documented that cilostazol treatment enhanced PTEN and reduced miR-132 expression in the neointima of balloon-injured arteries. Treatment of cultured rat VSMCs with cilostazol resulted in the up-regulation of PTEN mRNA and the down-regulation of miR-132, supporting an in vitro relevance. Co-transfection experiments showed that transfection of miR-132 mimic into VSMCs suppressed PTEN 3'UTR activities, further reflecting that PTEN is the direct target of miR-132. Over-expression of miR-132 in VSMCs led to an attenuation of cilostazol-induced PTEN and its downstream VSMC differentiation marker (calponin) expression, confirming the critical role of miR-132 in VSMC differentiation. Transient transfection studies demonstrated that cilostazol reduced the activity of miR-132 promoter, which was mediated via cyclic AMP response element-binding protein. Notably, the use of lentivirus to over-express miR-132 in the neointima of balloon-injured arteries could reverse the effect of cilostazol in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that miR-132 by targeting PTEN may be an important regulator in mediating cilostazol actions on VSMC differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacology
- Carotid Arteries/drug effects
- Carotid Arteries/embryology
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/drug therapy
- Carotid Artery Injuries/enzymology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/genetics
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cilostazol/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Down-Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Rats, Wistar
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Calponins
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jan Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Hwa Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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19
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Peng J, He X, Zhang L, Liu P. MicroRNA‑26a protects vascular smooth muscle cells against H2O2‑induced injury through activation of the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1367-1378. [PMID: 29956734 PMCID: PMC6089772 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common disease, which is characterized by the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In previous years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been associated with AAA and functionally implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease. However, the role of miRNAs in the apoptosis of VSMCs remains to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to elucidate the role and mechanism of miRNAs in protecting against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis in VSMCs. The expression of miRNAs in peripheral blood from patients diagnosed with AAA was analyzed using a microarray and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. A VSMC injury model induced by H2O2 was used to determine the potential role of miR-26a against cell injury. Cell viability, cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were determined by a CCK8 assay, flow cytometry and a 2′,7′-DCF diacetate assay, respectively. It was observed that miRNA (miR)-26a (miR-26a-1-5p) was significantly downregulated in peripheral blood samples from patients with AAA. It was revealed that H2O2 treatment dose-dependently inhibited cell viability, enhanced apoptosis and induced the production of ROS, which indicated the success of the model establishment. It was also observed that miR-26a was downregulated in the VSMCs following H2O2 stimulation. The upregulation of miR-26a attenuated H2O2-induced cell injury, as evidenced by the enhancement of cell viability, and inhibition of the activity of caspase-3, apoptosis and ROS production. In addition, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a well-known regulator of the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, was found to be a direct target of miR-26a in the VSMCs and this was validated using a luciferase reporter assay. Overexpression of PTEN by pcDNA-PTEN plasmids markedly eliminated the protective effects of the overexpression of miR-26a on H2O2-induced cell injury. Finally, it was found that miR-26a mediated its anti-apoptotic action by reactivation of the AKT/mTOR pathway, as demonstrated by the upregulation of phosphorylated (p-)AKT and p-mTOR, and the Akt inhibitor API-2 reversing the protective effects on VSMCs mediated by miR-26a. These results indicated that miR-26a protected VSMCs against H2O2-induced injury through activation of the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway, and miR-26a may be considered as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in the treatment of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlu Peng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xinqi He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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20
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Li H, Ouyang XP, Jiang T, Zheng XL, He PP, Zhao GJ. MicroRNA-296: a promising target in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis? Mol Med 2018; 24:12. [PMID: 30134788 PMCID: PMC6016874 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis has been recognized as an inflammatory disease involving the vascular wall. MicroRNAs are a group of small noncoding RNAs to regulate gene expression at the transcriptional level through mRNA degradation or translation repression. Recent studies suggest that miR-296 may play crucial roles in the regulation of angiogenesis, inflammatory response, cholesterol metabolism, hypertension, cellular proliferation and apoptosis. In this review, we primarily discussed the molecular targets of miR-296 involved in the development of atherosclerosis, which may provide a basis for future investigation and a better understanding of the biological functions of miR-296 in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- The Clinic Medical College, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, Guangxi, 541100, China
| | - Xin-Ping Ouyang
- Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.,Department of Physiology, The Neuroscience Institute, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Practice educational, Office of Academic Affairs, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Targets & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Ping-Ping He
- Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China. .,Nursing School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Guo-Jun Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China.
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21
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Lv G, Zhu H, Li C, Wang J, Zhao D, Li S, Ma L, Sun G, Li F, Zhao Y, Gao Y. Inhibition of IL-8-mediated endothelial adhesion, VSMCs proliferation and migration by siRNA-TMEM98 suggests TMEM98's emerging role in atherosclerosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88043-88058. [PMID: 29152140 PMCID: PMC5675692 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 98 (TMEM98), known as a novel gene related to lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, differentiation of T helper 1 cells and normal eye development, has no defined role reported in terms of atherosclerosis (AS). To investigate the potential involvement of TMEM98 during AS processes, its obvious secretion and expression has been initially characterized in hyperlipidemia patients' serum and AS mice's serum respectively. We then explored the possible role of TMEM98 in the pathogenesis of AS in vitro. IL-8, a pro-atherogenesis cytokine, was used to induce the expression of TMEM98 in both endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Collectively, TMEM98 expression significantly increased in ECs and VSMCs, both induced by IL-8. Additionally, the adhesion ability of monocytes to ECs as well as the proliferation and migration of VSMCs were all decreased after siRNA-TMEM98 treatment. Furthermore, siRNA-TMEM98 dramatically inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 in ECs and the expression of p-AKT, p-GSK3β and Cyclin D1 from VSMCs, and AKT agonist partially restored the proliferation and migration of VSMC after siRNA-TMEM98 treatment. Taken together, siRNA-TMEM98 inhibits IL-8 mediated EC adhesion by down-regulating the expression of ICAM-1. Additionally, it also hinders the proliferation and migration of VSMCs through suppressing the AKT/GSK3β/Cyclin D1 signaling pathway. Our study provides sufficient evidence to support that TMEM98 could be a novel gene associated with AS for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hongmei Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shuyao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Le Ma
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Guohua Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.,Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
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22
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Liu H, Yin T, Yan W, Si R, Wang B, Chen M, Li F, Wang Q, Tao L. Dysregulation of microRNA-214 and PTEN contributes to the pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:1781-1791. [PMID: 28684904 PMCID: PMC5485897 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s104627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension, which is characterized by vascular remodeling of blood vessels, is an important complication in COPD. In this study, we found that the expression of miR-214 was differentially expressed by screening 13 candidate miRNAs in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Additionally, using luciferase assay in PASMCs, we found that phosphatase-and-tensin homolog (PTEN) was a target of miR-214. Furthermore, the expression of PTEN was found to be substantially downregulated in PASMCs from COPD patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) compared with normal controls by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. In addition, we transfected PASMCs with miR-214 mimics, using real-time PCR and Western blotting, to confirm the miRNA/mRNA relationship. Furthermore, the introduction of miR-214 significantly promoted the proliferation of PASMCs by suppressing apoptosis of the cells, which was mediated by the downregulation of PTEN. Exposure to hypoxia significantly increased the expression of miR-214 and decreased the expression of PTEN in PASMCs, and its proliferation was significantly promoted. Such effects could be significantly attenuated by the introduction of miR-214 inhibitors, which significantly downregulated miR-214 expression and upregulated the expression of PTEN. In conclusion, hypoxia-induced upregulation of miR-214 was found to promote PH development by targeting PTEN in PASMCs, and miR-214 could be a promising diagnostic tool and novel therapeutic target in the management of hypoxia-induced PH in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaiTao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Si
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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23
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Tong J, Zhang H, Sun D, Wang Y, Yang C, Liu Y. Over-expression of PTEN on proliferation and apoptosis in canine mammary tumors cells. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2016.1256833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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24
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Nip H, Dar AA, Saini S, Colden M, Varahram S, Chowdhary H, Yamamura S, Mitsui Y, Tanaka Y, Kato T, Hashimoto Y, Shiina M, Kulkarni P, Dasgupta P, Imai-Sumida M, Tabatabai ZL, Greene K, Deng G, Dahiya R, Majid S. Oncogenic microRNA-4534 regulates PTEN pathway in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:68371-68384. [PMID: 27634912 PMCID: PMC5356562 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate carcinogenesis involves alterations in several signaling pathways, the most prominent being the PI3K/AKT pathway. This pathway is constitutively active and drives prostate cancer (PCa) progression to advanced metastatic disease. PTEN, a critical tumor and metastasis suppressor gene negatively regulates cell survival, proliferation, migration and angiogenesis via the PI3K/Akt pathway. PTEN is mutated, downregulated/dysfunctional in many cancers and its dysregulation correlates with poor prognosis in PCa. Here, we demonstrate that microRNA-4534 (miR-4534) is overexpressed in PCa and show that miR-4534 is hypermethylated in normal tissues and cell lines compared to PCa tissues/cells. miR-4534 exerts its oncogenic effects partly by downregulating the tumor suppressor PTEN gene. Knockdown of miR-4534 impaired cell proliferation, migration/invasion and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in PCa. Suppression of miR-4534 and its effects on tumor growth was confirmed in a xenograft mouse model. We performed parallel experiments in non-cancer RWPE1 cells by overexpessing miR-4534 followed by functional assays. Overexpression of miR-4534 induced pro-cancerous characteristics in this non-cancer cell line. Statistical analyses revealed that miR-4534 has potential to independently distinguish malignant from normal tissues and positively correlated with poor overall and PSA recurrence free survival. Taken together, our results show that depletion of miR-4534 in PCa induces a tumor suppressor phenotype partly through induction of PTEN. These results have important implications for identifying and defining the role of new PTEN regulators such as microRNAs in prostate tumorigenesis. Understanding aberrantly overexpressed miR-4534 and its downregulation of PTEN will provide mechanistic insight and therapeutic targets for PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Nip
- Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Altaf A. Dar
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sharanjot Saini
- Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Melissa Colden
- Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shahryari Varahram
- Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Harshika Chowdhary
- Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Soichiro Yamamura
- Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yozo Mitsui
- Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yuichiro Tanaka
- Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Taku Kato
- Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yutaka Hashimoto
- Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marisa Shiina
- Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Priyanka Kulkarni
- Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pritha Dasgupta
- Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mitsuho Imai-Sumida
- Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Z. Laura Tabatabai
- Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kirsten Greene
- Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Guoren Deng
- Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rajvir Dahiya
- Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shahana Majid
- Department of Urology, VA Medical Center and UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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Nuclear PTEN functions as an essential regulator of SRF-dependent transcription to control smooth muscle differentiation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10830. [PMID: 26940659 PMCID: PMC5411712 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular disease progression is associated with marked changes in vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype and function. SMC contractile gene expression and, thus differentiation, is under direct transcriptional control by the transcription factor, serum response factor (SRF); however, the mechanisms dynamically regulating SMC phenotype are not fully defined. Here we report that the lipid and protein phosphatase, PTEN, has a novel role in the nucleus by functioning as an indispensible regulator with SRF to maintain the differentiated SM phenotype. PTEN interacts with the N-terminal domain of SRF and PTEN–SRF interaction promotes SRF binding to essential promoter elements in SM-specific genes. Factors inducing phenotypic switching promote loss of nuclear PTEN through nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation resulting in reduced myogenically active SRF, but enhanced SRF activity on target genes involved in proliferation. Overall decreased expression of PTEN was observed in intimal SMCs of human atherosclerotic lesions underlying the potential clinical importance of these findings. The transcription factor, serum response factor, SRF regulates critical smooth muscle (SM) contractile gene expression but what else controls SM differentiation is unclear. Here, Horita et al. demonstrate that nuclear PTEN acts with SRF at the transcriptional level to maintain the differentiated SM phenotype.
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26
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Chen Y, Lv J. The IL-24 gene protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells against H₂O₂-induced injury and may be useful as a treatment for cardiovascular disease. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:581-92. [PMID: 26820392 PMCID: PMC4771102 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of interleukin-24 (IL-24) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced vascular endothelial injury and to examine the association between IL-24 and cardiovascular disease. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to increasing concentrations of H2O2 in the presence or absence of IL-24, which was introduced via Lipofectamine® 2000-mediated transfection. The successful uptake of the IL-24 plasmid was confirmed by RT-PCR at 24 h post-transfection. The effects of H2O2 and IL-24 on the proliferation and migration of the HUVECs was determined using cell migration assays. Cell viability was determined using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Apoptosis and the measurement of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by flow cytometry, and the levels of caspase-3, which is associated with apoptosis, were determined by western blot analysis. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis were also used to measure the levels of multiple cardiovascular disease-associated factors. In vivo experiments were also performed using a rat model of hypertension which was constructed by angiotensin II infusion using an osmotic pump. The mRNA and protein levels of IL-24 were measured in both the control and hypertensive rats; the effects of treatment with enalapril and nifedipine on the IL-24 levels were also examined. Our results revealed that IL-24 protected against the H2O2-mediated abnormal increase in HUVEC proliferation. IL-24 also antagonized H2O2 by reducing the content of ROS in the cells, thus decreasing cellular oxidative damage, improving the cellular survival rate, reducing apoptosis and decreasing the expression of cardiovascular disease-related factors. The results from our in vivo animal experiments revealed that IL-24 expression was lower in the hypertensive rats compared to the healthy controls. Additionally, the IL-24 levels increased following anti-hypertensive therapy. The findings of our study indicate that IL-24 protects against H2O2-mediated endothelial cell damage and may thus provide a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Wang
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Bank of China Shanxi Branch, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jiyuan Lv
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
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27
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ZHANG HUIPING, WANG YANHUA, CAO CHENGJIAN, YANG XIAOMING, MA SHENGCHAO, HAN XUEBO, YANG XIAOLING, YANG ANNING, TIAN JUE, XU HUA, ZHANG MINGHAO, JIANG YIDENG. A regulatory circuit involving miR-143 and DNMT3a mediates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation induced by homocysteine. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:483-90. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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28
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Zeng L, Li Y, Yang J, Wang G, Margariti A, Xiao Q, Zampetaki A, Yin X, Mayr M, Mori K, Wang W, Hu Y, Xu Q. XBP 1-Deficiency Abrogates Neointimal Lesion of Injured Vessels Via Cross Talk With the PDGF Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2134-44. [PMID: 26315405 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration and proliferation play an essential role in neointimal formation after vascular injury. In this study, we intended to investigate whether the X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) was involved in these processes. APPROACH AND RESULTS In vivo studies on femoral artery injury models revealed that vascular injury triggered an immediate upregulation of XBP1 expression and splicing in vascular SMCs and that XBP1 deficiency in SMCs significantly abrogated neointimal formation in the injured vessels. In vitro studies indicated that platelet-derived growth factor-BB triggered XBP1 splicing in SMCs via the interaction between platelet-derived growth factor receptor β and the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α. The spliced XBP1 (XBP1s) increased SMC migration via PI3K/Akt activation and proliferation via downregulating calponin h1 (CNN1). XBP1s directed the transcription of mir-1274B that targeted CNN1 mRNA degradation. Proteomic analysis of culture media revealed that XBP1s decreased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family proteins secretion via transcriptional suppression. TGF-β3 but not TGF-β1 or TGF-β2 attenuated XBP1s-induced CNN1 decrease and SMC proliferation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that XBP1 is crucial for SMC proliferation via modulating the platelet-derived growth factor/TGF-β pathways, leading to neointimal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfang Zeng
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.).
| | - Yi Li
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Juanyao Yang
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Gang Wang
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Andriana Margariti
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Anna Zampetaki
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Manuel Mayr
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Kazutoshi Mori
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Wen Wang
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Yanhua Hu
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.).
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Deng L, Huang L, Sun Y, Heath JM, Wu H, Chen Y. Inhibition of FOXO1/3 promotes vascular calcification. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 35:175-83. [PMID: 25378413 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular calcification is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and end-stage renal disease. We have demonstrated that activation of protein kinase B (AKT) upregulates runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), a key osteogenic transcription factor that is crucial for calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Using mice with SMC-specific deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a major negative regulator of AKT, the present studies uncovered a novel molecular mechanism underlying PTEN/AKT/FOXO (forkhead box O)-mediated Runx2 upregulation and VSMC calcification. APPROACH AND RESULTS SMC-specific PTEN deletion mice were generated by crossing PTEN floxed mice with SM22α-Cre transgenic mice. The PTEN deletion resulted in sustained activation of AKT that upregulated Runx2 and promoted VSMC calcification in vitro and arterial calcification ex vivo. Runx2 knockdown did not affect proliferation but blocked calcification of the PTEN-deficient VSMC, suggesting that PTEN deletion promotes Runx2-depedent VSMC calcification that is independent of proliferation. At the molecular level, PTEN deficiency increased the amount of Runx2 post-transcriptionally by inhibiting Runx2 ubiquitination. AKT activation increased phosphorylation of FOXO1/3 that led to nuclear exclusion of FOXO1/3. FOXO1/3 knockdown in VSMC phenocopied the PTEN deficiency, demonstrating a novel function of FOXO1/3, as a downstream signaling of PTEN/AKT, in regulating Runx2 ubiquitination and VSMC calcification. Using heterozygous SMC-specific PTEN-deficient mice and atherogenic ApoE(-/-) mice, we further demonstrated AKT activation, FOXO phosphorylation, and Runx2 ubiquitination in vascular calcification in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our studies have determined a new causative effect of SMC-specific PTEN deficiency on vascular calcification and demonstrated that FOXO1/3 plays a crucial role in PTEN/AKT-modulated Runx2 ubiquitination and VSMC calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Deng
- From the Departments of Pathology (L.D., L.H., Y.S., J.M.H., Y.C.) and Pediatric Dentistry (H.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Department of Research Service (Y.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Lu Huang
- From the Departments of Pathology (L.D., L.H., Y.S., J.M.H., Y.C.) and Pediatric Dentistry (H.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Department of Research Service (Y.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Yong Sun
- From the Departments of Pathology (L.D., L.H., Y.S., J.M.H., Y.C.) and Pediatric Dentistry (H.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Department of Research Service (Y.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jack M Heath
- From the Departments of Pathology (L.D., L.H., Y.S., J.M.H., Y.C.) and Pediatric Dentistry (H.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Department of Research Service (Y.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Hui Wu
- From the Departments of Pathology (L.D., L.H., Y.S., J.M.H., Y.C.) and Pediatric Dentistry (H.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Department of Research Service (Y.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Yabing Chen
- From the Departments of Pathology (L.D., L.H., Y.S., J.M.H., Y.C.) and Pediatric Dentistry (H.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Department of Research Service (Y.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham.
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Ravi Y, Selvendiran K, Meduru S, Citro L, Naidu S, Khan M, Rivera BK, Sai-Sudhakar CB, Kuppusamy P. Dysregulation of PTEN in cardiopulmonary vascular remodeling induced by pulmonary hypertension. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:363-72. [PMID: 22205501 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disorder of lung vasculature characterized by arterial narrowing. Phosphatase-and-tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN), associated in the progression of multiple cancers, is implicated in arterial remodeling. However, the involvement of PTEN in PH remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to determine the role of PTEN in pulmonary vascular remodeling using established models of PH. The study used rat models of PH, induced by monocrotaline (MCT) administration (60 mg/kg) or continuous hypoxic exposure (10% oxygen) for 3 weeks. Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were used for in vitro confirmation. Development of PH was verified by hemodynamic, morphological and histopathology analyses. PTEN and key downstream proteins in pulmonary and cardiac tissues were analyzed by western blotting and RT-PCR. PTEN was significantly decreased (MCT, 53%; Hypoxia, 40%), pAkt was significantly increased (MCT, 42%; Hypoxia, 55%) in tissues of rats with PH. Similar results were observed in SMCs exposed to hypoxia (1% oxygen) for 48 h. Ubiquitination assay showed that PTEN degradation occurs via proteasomal degradation pathway. Western blotting demonstrated a significant downregulation of cell-cycle regulatory proteins p53 and p27, and upregulation of cyclin-D1 in the lungs of both models. The results showed that PTEN-mediated modulation of PI3K pathway was independent of the focal adhesion kinase and fatty acid synthase. The study, for the first time, established that PTEN plays a key role in the progression of pulmonary hypertension. The findings may have potential for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension using PTEN as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhini Ravi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Ding J, Guo J, Yuan Q, Yuan F, Chen H, Tian H. Inhibition of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 decreases rat cortical neuron injury and blood-brain barrier permeability, and improves neurological functional recovery in traumatic brain injury model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80429. [PMID: 24312220 PMCID: PMC3842922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent evidence has supported the neuroprotective effect of bpV (pic), an inhibitor of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), in models of ischemic stroke. However, whether PTEN inhibitors improve long-term functional recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and whether PTEN affects blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability need further elucidation. The present study was performed to address these issues. METHODS Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to fluid percussion injury (FPI) after treatment with a well-established PTEN inhibitor bpV (pic) or saline starting 24 h before FPI. Western blotting, real-time quantitative PCR, or immunostaining was used to measure PTEN, p-Akt, or MMP-9 expression. We determined the presence of neuron apoptosis by TUNEL assay. Evans Blue dye extravasation was measured to evaluate the extent of BBB disruption. Functional recovery was assessed by the neurological severity score (NSS), and Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for survival analysis. RESULTS PTEN expression was up-regulated after TBI. After bpV (pic) treatment, p-Akt was also up-regulated. We found that bpV (pic) significantly decreased BBB permeability and reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells. We further demonstrated that PTEN inhibition improved neurological function recovery in the early stage after TBI. CONCLUSION These data suggest that treatment with the PTEN inhibitor bpV (pic) has a neuroprotective effect in TBI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 6 th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Southerland KW, Frazier SB, Bowles DE, Milano CA, Kontos CD. Gene therapy for the prevention of vein graft disease. Transl Res 2013; 161:321-38. [PMID: 23274305 PMCID: PMC3602161 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite advances in the medical management of atherosclerosis over the past several decades, many patients require arterial revascularization to reduce mortality and alleviate ischemic symptoms. Technological advancements have led to dramatic increases in the use of percutaneous and endovascular approaches, yet surgical revascularization (bypass surgery) with autologous vein grafts remains a mainstay of therapy for both coronary and peripheral artery disease. Although bypass surgery is highly efficacious in the short term, long-term outcomes are limited by relatively high failure rates as a result of intimal hyperplasia, which is a common feature of vein graft disease. The supply of native veins is limited, and many individuals require multiple grafts and repeat procedures. The need to prevent vein graft failure has led to great interest in gene therapy approaches to this problem. Bypass grafting presents an ideal opportunity for gene therapy, as surgically harvested vein grafts can be treated with gene delivery vectors ex vivo, thereby maximizing gene delivery while minimizing the potential for systemic toxicity and targeting the pathogenesis of vein graft disease at its onset. Here we will review the pathogenesis of vein graft disease and discuss vector delivery strategies and potential molecular targets for its prevention. We will summarize the preclinical and clinical literature on gene therapy in vein grafting and discuss additional considerations for future therapies to prevent vein graft disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Southerland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Sedding DG, Widmer-Teske R, Mueller A, Stieger P, Daniel JM, Gündüz D, Pullamsetti S, Nef H, Moellmann H, Troidl C, Hamm C, Braun-Dullaeus R. Role of the phosphatase PTEN in early vascular remodeling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55445. [PMID: 23533567 PMCID: PMC3606387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The phosphatase PTEN represents an important physiological inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3-K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signalling, however, the functional role of PTEN in the initial phase of angioplasty-induced vascular injury remains elusive. In the present study we sought to determine PTEN's effect on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis following acute injury in vivo and in vitro. Methods and Results Immunohistochemistry indicated a faint basal expression and equal distribution of PTEN in uninjured rat carotid arteries. 12 h following balloon-injury, PTEN expression was strongly increased in apoptotic (TUNEL+) VSMC. In vitro, stimulation with serum or different growth factors or subjecting VSMC to cyclic stretch had no effect on PTEN expression, whereas stimulation with H2O2 robustly increased PTEN expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. To evaluate the functional role of PTEN expression, human VSMC were transduced with WT-PTEN. Overexpression of PTEN increased the number of apoptotic VSMC (19.8%±4.4 vs. 5.6%±2.3; P<0.001) as determined by TUNEL assay. In contrast, siRNA-mediated knock-down of PTEN attenuated the basal as well as H2O2-induced apoptosis of VSMC. Mechanistically, overexpression of PTEN prevented serum-induced Akt-phosphorylation, whereas siRNA-mediated knock down of PTEN augmented Akt-activation. Moreover, co-transfection of PTEN and a constitutive active Akt mutant prevented PTEN-dependent augmentation of VSMC apoptosis, indicating, that PTEN regulates VSMC apoptosis by inhibition of Akt phosphorylation/activation. Conclusion By interfering with the PI3-K/Akt-dependent survival signalling, the oxidative stress-induced up regulation of PTEN in VSMC of injured arteries augments the sensitivity of VSMC to apoptotic stimuli in the early phase following vascular injury, augmenting the initial injury and cell loss of the injured vessel wall. Thus, these data add to our understanding of PTEN's role during vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Sedding
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology/Angiology, Giessen University, Giessen, Germany.
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Ravi Y, Selvendiran K, Naidu SK, Meduru S, Citro LA, Bognár B, Khan M, Kálai T, Hideg K, Kuppusamy P, Sai-Sudhakar CB. Pulmonary hypertension secondary to left-heart failure involves peroxynitrite-induced downregulation of PTEN in the lung. Hypertension 2013; 61:593-601. [PMID: 23339168 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) that occurs after left-heart failure (LHF), classified as Group 2 PH, involves progressive pulmonary vascular remodeling induced by smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. However, mechanisms involved in the activation of SMCs remain unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the involvement of peroxynitrite and phosphatase-and-tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in vascular SMC proliferation and remodeling in the LHF-induced PH (LHF-PH). LHF was induced by permanent ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery in rats for 4 weeks. MRI, ultrasound, and hemodynamic measurements were performed to confirm LHF and PH. Histopathology, Western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses were used to identify key molecular signatures. Therapeutic intervention was demonstrated using an antiproliferative compound, HO-3867. LHF-PH was confirmed by significant elevation of pulmonary artery pressure (mean pulmonary artery pressure/mm Hg: 35.9±1.8 versus 14.8±2.0, control; P<0.001) and vascular remodeling. HO-3867 treatment decreased mean pulmonary artery pressure to 22.6±0.8 mm Hg (P<0.001). Substantially higher levels of peroxynitrite and significant loss of PTEN expression were observed in the lungs of LHF rats when compared with control. In vitro studies using human pulmonary artery SMCs implicated peroxynitrite-mediated downregulation of PTEN expression as a key mechanism of SMC proliferation. The results further established that HO-3867 attenuated LHF-PH by decreasing oxidative stress and increasing PTEN expression in the lung. In conclusion, peroxynitrite and peroxynitrite-mediated PTEN inactivation seem to be key mediators of lung microvascular remodeling associated with PH secondary to LHF.
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Wu KLH, Wu CA, Wu CW, Chan SHH, Chang AYW, Chan JYH. Redox-sensitive oxidation and phosphorylation of PTEN contribute to enhanced activation of PI3K/Akt signaling in rostral ventrolateral medulla and neurogenic hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:36-50. [PMID: 22746319 PMCID: PMC3503464 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) is enhanced under hypertension. The phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a negative regulator of PI3K signaling, and its activity is redox-sensitive. In the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), which is responsible for the maintenance of blood pressure, oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in neurogenic hypertension. The present study evaluated the hypothesis that redox-sensitive inactivation of PTEN results in enhanced PI3K/Akt signaling in RVLM, leading to neurogenic hypertension. RESULTS Compared to age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, PTEN inactivation in the form of oxidation and phosphorylation were greater in RVLM of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). PTEN inactivation was accompanied by augmented PI3K activity and PI3K/Akt signaling, as reflected by the increase in phosphorylation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin. Intracisternal infusion of tempol or microinjection into the bilateral RVLM of adenovirus encoding superoxide dismutase significantly antagonized the PTEN inactivation and blunted the enhanced PI3K/Akt signaling in SHR. Gene transfer of PTEN to RVLM in SHR also abrogated the enhanced Akt activation and promoted antihypertension. Silencing PTEN expression in RVLM with small-interfering RNA, on the other hand, augmented PI3K/Akt signaling and promoted long-term pressor response in normotensive WKY rats. INNOVATION The present study demonstrated for the first time that the redox-sensitive check-and-balance process between PTEN and PI3K/Akt signaling is engaged in the pathogenesis of hypertension. CONCLUSION We conclude that an aberrant interplay between the redox-sensitive PTEN and PI3k/Akt signaling in RVLM underpins neural mechanism of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay L H Wu
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Luo L, Gong YQ, Qi X, Lai W, Lan H, Luo Y. Effect of tumor suppressor PTEN gene on apoptosis and cell cycle of human airway smooth muscle cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 375:1-9. [PMID: 23275086 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that hyperplasia and decreased apoptosis of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) play an important role in the asthmatic airway remodeling. Tumor suppressor PTEN gene with phosphatase activity plays an important regulatory role in embryonic development, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, migration (invasion) of the cytoskeleton. We hypotheses that PTEN gene could affect the growth and viability of ASMCs through the regulation of PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and cell cycle-related gene expression. We constructed a recombinant adenovirus to transfect ASMCs. Cells were divided into the overexpression of PTEN gene group (Ad-PTEN-GFP), negative control group (Ad-GFP), and blank control group (DMEM). The cell apoptosis of ASMCs were evaluated by Hoechst-33342 staining and PE-7AAD double-labeled flow cytometry. The cell cycle distribution was observed by flow cytometry with PI staining. The expression of PTEN, p-Akt, total-Akt, p-ERK1/2, total-ERK1/2, cleaved-Caspases-3, Caspases-9, p21, and Cyclin D1 were tested by the Western blotting. Our study revealed that overexpression of PTEN gene did not induce apoptosis of human ASMCs cultured in vitro. However, overexpression of PTEN inhibited proliferation of human ASMCs cultured in vitro and was associated with downregulation of Akt phosphorylation levels, while did not affect ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels. Moreover, overexpression of PTEN could induce ASMCs arrested in the G0/G1 phase through the downregulation of Cyclin D1 and upregulation of p21 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Luo
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, Zhong Shan Er Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Yuan M, Wang X, Zhan Q, Duan X, Yang Q, Xia J. Association of PTEN genetic polymorphisms with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction in the Han Chinese population. J Clin Neurosci 2012; 19:1641-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Shi J, Ju M, Large WA, Albert AP. Pharmacological profile of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases and related phosphatidylinositols mediating endothelin(A) receptor-operated native TRPC channels in rabbit coronary artery myocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:2161-75. [PMID: 22404177 PMCID: PMC3402779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01937.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endothelin(A) (ET(A) ) receptor-operated canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels mediate Ca²⁺ influx pathways, which are important in coronary artery function. Biochemical pathways linking ET(A) receptor stimulation to TRPC channel opening are unknown. We investigated the involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) in ET(A) receptor activation of native heteromeric TRPC1/C5/C6 and TRPC3/C7 channels in rabbit coronary artery vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A pharmacological profile of PI3K was created by studying the effect of pan-PI3K, pan-Class I PI3K and Class I PI3K isoform-selective inhibitors on ET(A) receptor-evoked single TRPC1/C5/C6 and TRPC3/C7 channel activities in cell-attached patches from rabbit freshly isolated coronary artery VSMCs. The action of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate- [PI(3)P], 4-phosphate- [PI(4)P] and 5-phosphate- [PI(5)P] containing molecules involved in PI3K-mediated reactions were studied in inside-out patches. Expression of PI3K family members in coronary artery tissue lysates were analysed using quantitative PCR. KEY RESULTS ET(A) receptor-operated TRPC1/C5/C6 and TRPC3/C7 channel activities were inhibited by wortmannin. However, ZSTK474 and AS252424 reduced ET(A) receptor-evoked TRPC1/C5/C6 channel activity but potentiated TRPC3/C7 channel activity. All the PI(3)P-, PI(4)P- and PI(5)P-containing molecules tested induced TRPC1/C5/C6 channel activation, whereas only PI(3)P stimulated TRPC3/C7 channels. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS ET(A) receptor-operated native TRPC1/C5/C6 and TRPC3/C7 channel activities are likely to be mediated by Class I PI3Kγ and Class II/III PI3K isoforms, respectively. ET(A) receptor-evoked and constitutively active PI3Kγ-mediated pathways inhibit TRPC3/C7 channel activation. PI3K-mediated pathways are novel regulators of native TRPC channels in VSMCs, and these signalling cascades are potential pharmacological targets for coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shi
- Pharmacology & Cell Physiology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
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Jin W, Reddy MA, Chen Z, Putta S, Lanting L, Kato M, Park JT, Chandra M, Wang C, Tangirala RK, Natarajan R. Small RNA sequencing reveals microRNAs that modulate angiotensin II effects in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:15672-83. [PMID: 22431733 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.322669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II)-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction plays a critical role in cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in this process is unclear. We used small RNA deep sequencing to profile Ang II-regulated miRNAs in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and evaluated their role in VSMC dysfunction. Sequencing results revealed several Ang II-responsive miRNAs, and bioinformatics analysis showed that their predicted targets can modulate biological processes relevant to cardiovascular diseases. Further studies with the most highly induced miR-132 and miR-212 cluster (miR-132/212) showed time- and dose-dependent up-regulation of miR-132/212 by Ang II through the Ang II Type 1 receptor. We identified phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) as a novel target of miR-132 and demonstrated that miR-132 induces monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 at least in part via PTEN repression in rat VSMC. Moreover, miR-132 overexpression enhanced cyclic AMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation via RASA1 (p120 Ras GTPase-activating protein 1) down-regulation, whereas miR-132 inhibition attenuated Ang II-induced CREB activation. Furthermore, miR-132 up-regulation by Ang II required CREB activation, demonstrating a positive feedback loop. Notably, aortas from Ang II-infused mice displayed similar up-regulation of miR-132/212 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, supporting in vivo relevance. In addition, microarray analysis and reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR validation revealed additional novel miR-132 targets among Ang II-down-regulated genes implicated in cell cycle, motility, and cardiovascular functions. These results suggest that miR132/212 can serve as a novel cellular node to fine-tune and amplify Ang II actions in VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jin
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
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Serezani CH, Kane S, Medeiros AI, Cornett AM, Kim SH, Marques MM, Lee SP, Lewis C, Bourdonnay E, Ballinger MN, White ES, Peters-Golden M. PTEN directly activates the actin depolymerization factor cofilin-1 during PGE2-mediated inhibition of phagocytosis of fungi. Sci Signal 2012; 5:ra12. [PMID: 22317922 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2002448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage ingestion of the yeast Candida albicans requires its recognition by multiple receptors and the activation of diverse signaling programs. Synthesis of the lipid mediator prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and generation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) also accompany this process. Here, we characterized the mechanisms underlying PGE(2)-mediated inhibition of phagocytosis and filamentous actin (F-actin) polymerization in response to ingestion of C. albicans by alveolar macrophages. PGE(2) suppressed phagocytosis and F-actin formation through the PGE(2) receptors EP2 and EP4, cAMP, and activation of types I and II protein kinase A. Dephosphorylation and activation of the actin depolymerizing factor cofilin-1 were necessary for these inhibitory effects of PGE(2). PGE(2)-dependent activation of cofilin-1 was mediated by the protein phosphatase activity of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10), with which it directly associated. Because enhanced production of PGE(2) accompanies many immunosuppressed states, the PTEN-dependent pathway described here may contribute to impaired antifungal defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Henrique Serezani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Yang LL, Li DY, Zhang YB, Zhu MY, Chen D, Xu TD. Salvianolic acid A inhibits angiotensin II-induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by attenuating the production of ROS. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:41-8. [PMID: 22101169 PMCID: PMC4010265 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the action of salvianolic acid A (SalA) on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the possible signaling pathways mediating this action. METHODS Cell proliferation was examined with MTT assay. The expression levels of Src phosphorylation (phospho-Src), Akt phosphorylation (phospho-Akt), and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in HUVECs were determined by Western blot. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was estimated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). RESULTS SalA (6.25-50 μmol/L) did not affect the viability of HUVECs. Treatment of HUVECs with Ang II (1 μmol/L) markedly increased the cell viability; pretreatment of HUVECs with SalA (12.5, 25 and 50 μmol/L) prevented Ang II-induced increase of the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of HUVECs with Ang II (1 μmol/L) markedly up-regulated the protein expression levels of phospho-Src, phospho-Akt (473) and Nox4; pretreatment of HUVECs with SalA (12.5, 25 and 50 μmol/L) blocked all the effects in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of HUVECs with Ang II (1 μmol/L) dramatically increased ROS production in HUVECs; pretreatment of HUVECs with SalA (12.5, 25 and 50 μmol/L) blocked the ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSION SalA inhibits Ang II-induced proliferation of HUVECs via reducing the expression levels of phospho-Src and phospho-Akt (473), thereby attenuating the production of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan-luan Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Dong-ye Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Yan-bin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Man-yi Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Tong-da Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
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Seo J, Lee HS, Ryoo S, Seo JH, Min BS, Lee JH. Tangeretin, a citrus flavonoid, inhibits PGDF-BB-induced proliferation and migration of aortic smooth muscle cells by blocking AKT activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 673:56-64. [PMID: 22040922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tangeretin, a natural polymethoxylated flavone concentrated in the peel of citrus fruits, is known to have antiproliferative, antiinvasive, antimetastatic and antioxidant activities. However, the effect of tangeretin on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is unknown. This study examined the effect of tangeretin on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced proliferation and migration of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) as well as its underlying mechanisms. Tangeretin significantly inhibited proliferation, DNA synthesis and migration of PDGF-BB-stimulated RASMCs without inducing cell death. Treatment with tangeretin-induced cell-cycle arrest in the G₀/G₁ phase was associated with down-regulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E in addition to up-regulation of p27(kip1). We also showed that tangeretin inhibited PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of AKT, while it had no effect on the phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ), PDGF receptor β-chain (PDGF-Rβ) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). An in vitro kinase assay revealed that tangeretin inhibited AKT activity in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, treatment of LY294002, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, had similar effects than that of tangeretin on the expression of p27(kip1) and cyclin D1, as well as cell migration in PDFG-BB-stimulated RASMCs. Taken together, these findings suggest that tangeretin could suppress PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration of RASMCs through the suppression of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and may be a potential candidate for preventing or treating vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and restenosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Becaplermin
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- DNA/biosynthesis
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Flavones/administration & dosage
- Flavones/pharmacology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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Green DE, Sutliff RL, Hart CM. Is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) a therapeutic target for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension? Pulm Circ 2011; 1:33-47. [PMID: 21547012 PMCID: PMC3085428 DOI: 10.4103/2045-8932.78101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH), a progressive disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality, is caused by complex pathways that culminate in structural and functional alterations of the pulmonary circulation and increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and pressure. Diverse genetic, pathological, or environmental triggers stimulate PH pathogenesis culminating in vasoconstriction, cell proliferation, vascular remodeling, and thrombosis. We conducted a thorough literature review by performing MEDLINE searches via PubMed to identify articles pertaining to PPARγ as a therapeutic target for the treatment of PH. This review examines basic and preclinical studies that explore PPARγ and its ability to regulate PH pathogenesis. Despite the current therapies that target specific pathways in PH pathogenesis, including prostacyclin derivatives, endothelin-receptor antagonists, and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, morbidity and mortality related to PH remain unacceptably high, indicating the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Consequently, therapeutic targets that simultaneously regulate multiple pathways involved in PH pathogenesis have gained attention. This review focuses on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. While the PPARγ receptor is best known as a master regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism, a growing body of literature demonstrates that activation of PPARγ exerts antiproliferative, antithrombotic, and vasodilatory effects on the vasculature, suggesting its potential efficacy as a PH therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Green
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
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Sutliff RL, Kang BY, Hart CM. PPARgamma as a potential therapeutic target in pulmonary hypertension. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2010; 4:143-60. [PMID: 20530063 DOI: 10.1177/1753465809369619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disorder of the pulmonary circulation associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The pathobiology of PH involves a complex series of derangements causing endothelial dysfunction, vasoconstriction and abnormal proliferation of pulmonary vascular wall cells that lead to increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and pressure. Recent evidence indicates that the ligand-activated transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) can have a favorable impact on a variety of pathways involved in the pathogenesis of PH. This review summarizes PPARgamma biology and the emerging evidence that therapies designed to activate this receptor may provide novel approaches to the treatment of PH. Mediators of PH that are regulated by PPARgamma are reviewed to provide insights into potential mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of PPARgamma ligands in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy L Sutliff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA.
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45
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Furgeson SB, Simpson PA, Park I, Vanputten V, Horita H, Kontos CD, Nemenoff RA, Weiser-Evans MCM. Inactivation of the tumour suppressor, PTEN, in smooth muscle promotes a pro-inflammatory phenotype and enhances neointima formation. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 86:274-82. [PMID: 20051384 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is implicated as a negative regulator of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and injury-induced vascular remodelling. We tested if selective depletion of PTEN only in SMC is sufficient to promote SMC phenotypic modulation, cytokine production, and enhanced neointima formation. METHODS AND RESULTS Smooth muscle marker expression and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines were compared in cultured SMC expressing control or PTEN-specific shRNA. Compared with controls, PTEN-deficient SMC exhibited increased phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB) activity, reduced expression of SM markers (SM-alpha-actin and calponin), and increased production of stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (KC/CXCL1) under basal conditions. PI3K/Akt or mTOR inhibition reversed repression of SM marker expression, whereas PI3K/Akt or NF-kappaB inhibition blocked cytokine induction mediated by PTEN depletion. Carotid ligation in mice with genetic reduction of PTEN specifically in SMC (SMC-specific PTEN heterozygotes) resulted in enhanced neointima formation, increased SMC hyperplasia, reduced SM-alpha-actin and calponin expression, and increased NF-kappaB and cytokine expression compared with wild-types. Lesion formation in SMC-specific heterozygotes was similar to lesion formation in global PTEN heterozygotes, indicating that inactivation of PTEN exclusively in SMC is sufficient to induce considerable increases in neointima formation. CONCLUSION PTEN activation specifically in SMC is a common upstream regulator of multiple downstream events involved in pathological vascular remodelling, including proliferation, de-differentiation, and production of multiple cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth B Furgeson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Propylthiouracil, independent of its antithyroid effect, promotes vascular smooth muscle cells differentiation via PTEN induction. Basic Res Cardiol 2009; 105:19-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-009-0045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Nisbet RE, Bland JM, Kleinhenz DJ, Mitchell PO, Walp ER, Sutliff RL, Hart CM. Rosiglitazone attenuates chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in a mouse model. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 42:482-90. [PMID: 19520921 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0132oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia contributes to pulmonary hypertension through complex mechanisms that include enhanced NADPH oxidase expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the lung. Stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) reduces the expression and activity of NADPH oxidase. Therefore, we hypothesized that activating PPARgamma with rosiglitazone would attenuate chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension, in part, through suppressing NADPH oxidase-derived ROS that stimulate proliferative signaling pathways. Male C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to chronic hypoxia (CH, Fi(O2) 10%) or room air for 3 or 5 weeks. During the last 10 days of exposure, each animal was treated daily by gavage with either the PPARgamma ligand, rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg/d) or with an equal volume of vehicle. CH increased: (1) right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), (2) right ventricle weight, (3) thickness of the walls of small pulmonary vessels, (4) superoxide production and Nox4 expression in the lung, and (5) platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRbeta) expression and activity and reduced phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expression. Treatment with rosiglitazone prevented the development of pulmonary hypertension at 3 weeks; reversed established pulmonary hypertension at 5 weeks; and attenuated CH-stimulated Nox4 expression and superoxide production, PDGFRbeta activation, and reductions in PTEN expression. Rosiglitazone also attenuated hypoxia-induced increases in Nox4 expression in pulmonary endothelial cells in vitro despite hypoxia-induced reductions in PPARgamma expression. Collectively, these findings indicate that PPARgamma ligands attenuated hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and hypertension by suppressing oxidative and proliferative signals providing novel insights for mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of PPARgamma activation in pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Nisbet
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia 30033, USA
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48
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Huang CN, Chan KC, Lin WT, Su SL, Wang CJ, Peng CH. Hibiscus sabdariffa inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration induced by high glucose--a mechanism involves connective tissue growth factor signals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:3073-3079. [PMID: 19301817 DOI: 10.1021/jf803911n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the herbal extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa was shown to have multiple bioactive effects, including anti-atherosclerosis. On the basis of this, we aimed to examine whether the polyphenolic isolate of H. sabdariffa (HPI) could protect high-glucose-treated vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and its putative transduction signals. Results showed that HPI dose- and time-dependently reduced the high-glucose-stimulated cell proliferation and migration. HPI suppressed the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) level and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activation. In addition, the expressions of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and receptor of advanced glycation end product (RAGE) enhanced by high glucose were prominently suppressed by HPI. The proliferation signal mediated by high glucose was demonstrated via CTGF/RAGE, while MMP-2 was regulated by CTGF but not RAGE. Conclusively, the results suggest that HPI potentially can be a promising adjuvant herbal therapy for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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49
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Selvendiran K, Kuppusamy ML, Bratasz A, Tong L, Rivera BK, Rink C, Sen CK, Kálai T, Hideg K, Kuppusamy P. Inhibition of vascular smooth-muscle cell proliferation and arterial restenosis by HO-3867, a novel synthetic curcuminoid, through up-regulation of PTEN expression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 329:959-66. [PMID: 19276401 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.150367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a tumor suppressor gene, has been shown to play a vital role in vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and hence is a potential therapeutic target to inhibit vascular remodeling. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of HO-3867 [((3E,5E)-3,5-bis[(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]-1-[(1-hydroxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-one)], a new synthetic curcuminoid, in the inhibition of vascular SMC proliferation and restenosis. Experiments were performed using human aortic SMCs and a rat carotid artery balloon injury model. HO-3867 (10 microM) significantly inhibited the proliferation of serum-stimulated SMCs by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G(1) phase (72% at 24 h) and apoptosis (at 48 h). HO-3867 significantly increased the phosphorylated and total levels of PTEN in SMCs. Suppression of PTEN expression by PTEN-small interfering RNA transfection reduced p53 and p21 levels and increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation, resulting in decreased apoptosis. Conversely, overexpression of PTEN by cDNA transfection activated caspase-3 and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, HO-3867 significantly down-regulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB expressions in SMCs. Finally, HO-3867 inhibited arterial neointimal hyperplasia through overexpression of PTEN and down-regulation of MMPs and NF-kappaB proteins. HO-3867 is a potent drug, capable of overexpressing PTEN, which is a key target in the prevention of vascular remodeling, including restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppaiyah Selvendiran
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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50
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Morello F, Perino A, Hirsch E. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling in the vascular system. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 82:261-71. [PMID: 19038971 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are protein and lipid kinases activated by different classes of membrane receptors, including G-protein coupled and tyrosine kinase receptors. Several lines of evidence have uncovered specific roles for distinct PI3K isoforms in the vascular system in both physiology and disease. The present review will summarize and discuss the most recent advances regarding PI3K-Akt signalling in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, platelets, and inflammatory cells involved in the atherosclerotic process. Of interest, the development of novel isoform-selective PI3K inhibitor drugs offers a unique opportunity to selectively and differentially target PI3K-driven pathways in the vascular system and may give rise to new strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Morello
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
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