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Adwan MH, Qasem U, Atawnah SY, Itmeizeh M, Hanbali R, Alsoofi NA, Jbara MA, AbuHelal A, Alnaimat F. Insights into systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective observational study of clinical features, autoantibodies, and gender-related differences. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:1255-1263. [PMID: 38717538 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-024-05592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the clinical and immunologic features of SLE in Jordan, while also investigating the impact of age and gender on disease presentation. The study included 275 patients diagnosed with SLE. Data were collected through meticulous patient interviews and thorough examination of patient hospital records. The cohort exhibited a mean age of 36.8 ± 12.9 years, with an average disease duration of 7.0 ± 7.8 years. The mean age at diagnosis was 29.9 ± 12.1 years, and the female to male ratio was 7.8:1. The most frequently observed symptoms were arthralgia (90.2%), fatigue (80.7%), hematologic manifestations (62%), photosensitivity (60.7%), Raynaud's phenomenon (53.5%), and malar rash (50.9%). The frequencies of various autoantibodies were as follows: ANA (96.7%), anti-dsDNA (39.6%), anti-SSA/Ro (32.8%), anti-Sm (21.8%), anti-U1-RNP (20.6%), and anti-SSB/La (15.5%). Male patients tended to receive a diagnosis at a younger age and exhibited a higher likelihood of experiencing severe manifestations compared to females. Additionally, juvenile onset patients demonstrated an increased likelihood of fever, photosensitivity, myositis, and anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, while adult onset patients were more predisposed to having anti-Ro, anti-La, and RF autoantibodies. This study reveals that the most prevalent manifestations of SLE in the Jordanian cohort encompassed arthralgia, fatigue, and hematologic manifestations. The prevalence of alopecia and Raynaud's phenomenon exceeded that observed in other published cohorts, while arthritis and discoid rash were less frequently encountered. The study highlights that males are more susceptible to developing severe manifestations of SLE compared to females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan H Adwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ula Qasem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Saed Y Atawnah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Muath Itmeizeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rifaat Hanbali
- Department of Rheumatology, AlBashir Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | | - Ayman AbuHelal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fatima Alnaimat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
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Odunlami GJ, Ajibade A, Omotoso BA, Hassan MO, Adefidipe AA, Olanrewaju FO, Enitan AO, Adetunji TA, Akinyele OA, Okunola O. Clinical and laboratory profiles of systemic lupus erythematosus patients in a new rheumatology clinic in southwestern Nigeria. Reumatologia 2024; 62:83-93. [PMID: 38799780 PMCID: PMC11114132 DOI: 10.5114/reum/187208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aims were to study the sociodemographic characteristics of patients presenting to the clinic and to study the clinical and serological pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a new rheumatology clinic of a predominantly Yoruba population. Material and methods This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted over 7 years (January 2017 - December 2023). Patients who satisfied the 1997 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and/or the 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) classification criteria were enrolled using their medical records. Patients with overlap syndromes and other inflammatory or noninflammatory rheumatic diseases were excluded from the study. Their sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were retrieved from their medical records and analysed using IBM SPSS version 23.0 software. Results A total of 65 patients were diagnosed with SLE with a frequency of 15.8%. The mean age ±SD of the patients at presentation was 33.85 years ±11.01 and the female to male ratio was 9.8 : 1. The median (IQR) duration of symptoms at presentation was 7.0 months (3-24). The common clinical presentations included synovitis (86.2%), acute cutaneous rash (53.8%), oral ulcers (52.3%), nonscarring alopecia (50.8%), and serositis (47.7%). Proteinuria was seen in 37.7% of the patients and the predominant renal histopathological feature was Class IV. Antinuclear antibody was 100% positive with 50.94% of the patients having a titre of 1 : 5,120 and above. Anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid and anti-Smith antibodies each had 50% prevalence. Dyslipidaemia was found in 76.7% of the patients. Conclusions The study's findings are largely consistent with similar studies done in Africa. Further prospective multi-centred studies are needed to further determine the epidemiological characteristics of the disease in Nigeria with a multi-ethnic population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Oluyomi Okunola
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Bawazir Y. Clinicopathological correlation of patients with lupus nephritis: Data from a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37821. [PMID: 38579022 PMCID: PMC10994433 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus mainly affects young women, and approximately half of systemic lupus erythematosus patients develop lupus nephritis (LN). However, data on the types and remission rates of LN in Saudi Arabia are limited. Therefore, we aimed to highlight the LN remission rates in our population. A retrospective record review was conducted between January 2007 and December 2020 in a tertiary center in the western region of Saudi Arabia to determine the remission rates among patients with biopsy-proven LN who met the EULAR\ACR 2019 classification criteria. We identified 59 patients with biopsy-proven LN, mostly in young women. The common histopathological pattern was Class IV LN in 26 patients (44%). Three induction protocols were identified, along with systemic steroids: the high-dose cyclophosphamide protocol in 21 patients (35.6%), low-dose protocol in 4 patients (6.8%), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in 41 patients (69.5%). Partial response, defined as the reduction of the 24-hour proteinuria by 25% at 3 months and 50% at 6 months, was achieved in 18 patients (33.3%) at 3 months and decreased to 13 patients (24.1%) at 6 months. Complete clinical response, defined as 24-hour urinary protein between 500 and 700 mg at 12 months, was achieved in 44 patients (81.5%). Complete remission was higher among patients with Class IV LN (64.4%). The achievement of partial clinical response at 3 months was significantly lower among patients with hypertension (P = .041). This study presented the LN remission rates in a single center in Saudi Arabia. Similar to previous studies, Class IV LN were the most common histopathological finding in this study. Complete remission at 12 months was achieved in 44 (81%) patients. Delayed remission is associated with hypertension at the time of LN diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Bawazir
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Tekeoglu S, Temiz Karadag D, Ozdemir Isik O, Yazici A, Cefle A. Analysis of clinical, immunological characteristics, damage, and survival in 300 Turkish systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus 2024; 33:298-311. [PMID: 38258530 DOI: 10.1177/09612033241228174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of Turkish Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients of Caucasian ethnicity, focusing on their clinical, immunological, and therapeutic characteristics, damage accural and mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS We carried out a retrospective assessment of 300 SLE patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2017 at Kocaeli University Rheumatology Clinic. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, immunological profiles, treatment approaches, disease-related damage, and survival information were collected. RESULTS The study population had a significant female predominance (89%) with a mean age of disease onset of 35.4 (SD:13.3) years. Hematological (72.6%) and mucocutaneous (72%) manifestations were the most common clinical findings, followed by arthritis (66.3%). Females had higher frequency of photosensitivity (p = 0.019), malar rash (p < 0.001), and alopecia (p = 0.014). Anti-dsDNA antibodies were detected in 61.6% of patients, while 57% of patients had hypocomplementemia. Secondary antiphospholipid syndrome was observed in 15.3% of patients; the most common manifestations included deep venous thrombosis (32.6%) and cerebrovascular accidents (30.4%). Lupus Nephritis (LN) affected 40.3% of the cohort. The most common pathologic finding was Class IV LN (30.5%). Eventually, 13 (4.3%) patients developed chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 4 had renal replacement therapies. Patients with LN had higher usage of pulse steroids, azathioprin, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (p < 0.001 for each). In the juvenile-onset group (n = 31, 10.3%), an increased occurrence of malar rash (p = 0.009), nephritis (p = 0.034), hypocomplementemia (p = 0.001), positive anti-dsDNA (p = 0.007), anti-Sm (p = 0.046), anti-rib-P (p = 0.014) antibodies were observed. At least one damage parameter was observed in 32.6% patients with musculoskeletal manifestations being the most common. Thirteen patients were diagnosed with various malignancies, with cervical cancer being the most common (4 cases). The total 5 and 10-year survival rates were 92.5% and 86.7%, respectively. However, patients with CKD, had lower survival rates; 75% at 3 years and 60% at 15 years. Regression analysis demonstrated an association of CKD and history of infections with decreased survival (p = 0.02, each). CONCLUSION Ethnicity and geography influence the clinical diversity of SLE. Recognizing these disparities is crucial for tailoring patient care. Future inception cohort studies in Turkish SLE patients are necessary to address the limitations of retrospective research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senem Tekeoglu
- Department of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine, Halic University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Temiz Karadag
- Department of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozdemir Isik
- Department of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ayten Yazici
- Department of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ayse Cefle
- Department of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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AlShareedah A, Zidoum H, Al-Sawafi S, Al-Lawati B, Al-Ansari A. Machine Learning Approach for Predicting Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in an Oman-Based Cohort. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2023; 23:328-335. [PMID: 37655084 PMCID: PMC10467556 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.12.2022.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to design a machine learning-based prediction framework to predict the presence or absence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a cohort of Omani patients. Methods Data of 219 patients from 2006 to 2019 were extracted from Sultan Qaboos University Hospital's electronic records. Among these, 138 patients had SLE, while the remaining 81 had other rheumatologic diseases. Clinical and demographic features were analysed to focus on the early stages of the disease. Recursive feature selection was implemented to choose the most informative features. The CatBoost classification algorithm was utilised to predict SLE, and the SHAP explainer algorithm was applied on top of the CatBoost model to provide individual prediction reasoning, which was then validated by rheumatologists. Results CatBoost achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve score of 0.95 and a sensitivity of 92%. The SHAP algorithm identified four clinical features (alopecia, renal disorders, acute cutaneous lupus and haemolytic anaemia) and the patient's age as having the greatest contribution to the prediction. Conclusion An explainable framework to predict SLE in patients and provide reasoning for its prediction was designed and validated. This framework enables clinicians to implement early interventions that will lead to positive healthcare outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamza Zidoum
- Department of Computer Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sumaya Al-Sawafi
- Department of Computer Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Batool Al-Lawati
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Aliya Al-Ansari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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AlOmair M, AlMalki H, AlShahrani M, Mushait H, Al Qout M, Alshehri T, AlAlyani R, Algarni A, Almaker Y, Madkli E. Clinical Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Tertiary Center in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e41215. [PMID: 37525814 PMCID: PMC10387343 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with multisystemic involvement. The clinical presentation and immunological findings of SLE patients from different regions in Saudi Arabia have been studied. There have been no studies on the clinical manifestations of SLE in patients in Saudi Arabia's southern region. This article aims to explore the clinical manifestations of SLE in a tertiary center in the southern region of Saudi Arabia. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 108 SLE patients who were seen in the rheumatology clinic at Aseer Central Hospital over six months from January 2022 to June 2022. Patients' demographics, clinical and serological characteristics, and therapeutic data were reviewed. Results The male-to-female ratio was 1:12.5, with a mean age at presentation of 28.6 ± 10 years. The mean disease duration was 9.06 ± 5.96 years. Mucocutaneous and musculoskeletal manifestations were the most common, accounting for 76% and 57% of all cases, respectively. Neuropsychiatric involvement and lupus nephritis were present in 29% and 31% of patients, respectively. The hematological abnormalities that were present included anemia (60%), leukopenia (37%), and thrombocytopenia (15%). Antinuclear antibody (ANA) was detected in 100%, anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody in 55%, anti-Smith antibody in 13%, and hypocomplementemia in 52% of patients. Hydroxychloroquine was received by 98% and oral steroids by 41% of the patients. Other drugs include azathioprine (23%), mycophenolate mofetil (15%), methotrexate (23%), belimumab (9%), cyclophosphamide (10%), and rituximab (6%). Conclusion The main clinical features of our patients were in parallel with previous studies in Saudi Arabia as well as in Arab countries. We found a lower prevalence of lupus nephritis, serositis, and anti-dsDNA antibody. Further multicenter studies are required to investigate the long-term outcome and survival of SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanan AlMalki
- Rheumatology, King Khalid University Medical City, Abha, SAU
- Rheumatology, Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | - Reem AlAlyani
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | - Amjd Algarni
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | - Yazan Almaker
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | - Elaf Madkli
- College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU
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Mathur R, Deo K, Raheja A. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in India: A Clinico-Serological Correlation. Cureus 2022; 14:e25763. [PMID: 35812543 PMCID: PMC9270079 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Saeed HM, Mohammad Amr E, Rezk Lotfy Rezk A, Abd Elmoneim W. Prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with lupus erythematosus in a sample of the Egyptian population: a hospital based cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2021; 10:969. [PMID: 35707453 PMCID: PMC9178282 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.55332.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several systemic diseases manifest themselves in the oral cavity. Dentists who are unaware of these lesions will possibly miss them. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with LE in a sample of the Egyptian population. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on 189 patients attending the Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Clinic in EL Qasr El Ainy Hospital, Cairo University. Every patient was examined clinically after completing a questionnaire. Patients' medical records were evaluated. The oral manifestations were assessed according to the WHO guide to physical examination of the oral cavity and classified according to their morphologic aspects and localization. Results: Out of 189 patients, there were 182 females (96.3%) and seven males (3.7%). The prevalence of oral lesions in SLE patients was 55.6%. The most affected site was the tongue 25.7%. The most common clinical aspect was patches, 53%. About 77.1% of the lesions were asymptomatic. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis of oral lesions to recognize patients with SLE as the WHO considers oral manifestations of SLE a widespread state. Also, the implementation of oral hygiene measures to improve patients' nutritional state and health-related quality of life is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hager Moustafa Saeed
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohammad Amr
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | | | - Wesam Abd Elmoneim
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Saeed HM, Mohammad Amr E, Rezk Lotfy Rezk A, Abd Elmoneim W. Prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with lupus erythematosus in a sample of the Egyptian population: a hospital based cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2021; 10:969. [PMID: 35707453 PMCID: PMC9178282 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.55332.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Several systemic diseases manifest themselves in the oral cavity. Oral manifestations of lupus erythematosus (LE) are associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer. Dentists who are unaware of these lesions will possibly miss them. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with LE in a sample of the Egyptian population. Methods: A descriptive study was performed on 189 patients attending the Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Clinic in EL Qasr EL Ainy Hospital, Cairo University. Every patient was examined clinically after completing a questionnaire. Moreover, patients' medical records were also evaluated. The oral manifestations were recorded according to the WHO guide to physical examination of the oral cavity and classified according to their morphologic aspects and localization. Results: Out of 189 patients, there were 182 females (96.3%) and seven males (3.7%). The prevalence of oral lesions in LE patients was 55.6%. The most affected site was the tongue 25.7%. The most common clinical aspect was patches, 53%. About 77.1% of the lesions were asymptomatic. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis of oral lesions to recognize patients with LE as the WHO considers oral manifestations of LE a widespread state. Also, implementation of oral hygiene measures and treatment to improve patients' nutritional state and health-related quality of life are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hager Moustafa Saeed
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohammad Amr
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | | | - Wesam Abd Elmoneim
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Saeed HM, Mohammad Amr E, Rezk Lotfy Rezk A, Abd Elmoneim W. Prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with lupus erythematosus in a sample of the Egyptian population: a hospital based cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2021; 10:969. [PMID: 35707453 PMCID: PMC9178282 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.55332.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Several systemic diseases manifest themselves in the oral cavity. Dentists who are unaware of these lesions will possibly miss them. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with LE in a sample of the Egyptian population. Methods: A descriptive study was performed on 189 patients attending the Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Clinic in EL Qasr EL Ainy Hospital, Cairo University. Every patient was examined clinically after completing a questionnaire. Moreover, patients' medical records were also evaluated. The oral manifestations were recorded according to the WHO guide to physical examination of the oral cavity and classified according to their morphologic aspects and localization. Results: Out of 189 patients, there were 182 females (96.3%) and seven males (3.7%). The prevalence of oral lesions in SLE patients was 55.6%. The most affected site was the tongue 25.7%. The most common clinical aspect was patches, 53%. About 77.1% of the lesions were asymptomatic. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis of oral lesions to recognize patients with SLE as the WHO considers oral manifestations of SLE a widespread state. Also, implementation of oral hygiene measures and treatment to improve patients' nutritional state and health-related quality of life are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hager Moustafa Saeed
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohammad Amr
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | | | - Wesam Abd Elmoneim
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Saeed HM, Mohammad Amr E, Rezk Lotfy Rezk A, Abd Elmoneim W. Prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with lupus erythematosus in a sample of the Egyptian population: a hospital based cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2021; 10:969. [PMID: 35707453 PMCID: PMC9178282 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.55332.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Several systemic diseases manifest themselves in the oral cavity. Oral manifestations of lupus erythematosus (LE) are associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer. Dentists who are unaware of these lesions will possibly miss them. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with LE in a sample of the Egyptian population. Methods: A descriptive study was performed on 189 patients attending the Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Clinic in EL Qasr EL Ainy Hospital, Cairo University. Every patient was examined clinically after completing a questionnaire. Moreover, patients' medical records were also evaluated. The oral manifestations were recorded according to the WHO guide to physical examination of the oral cavity and classified according to their morphologic aspects and localization. Results: Out of 189 patients, there were 182 females (96.3%) and seven males (3.7%). The prevalence of oral lesions in LE patients was 55.6%. The most affected site was the tongue 25.7%. The most common clinical aspect was patches, 53%. About 77.1% of the lesions were asymptomatic. 74.3% of the patients had oral candidiasis. The prevalence of skin lesions in LE patients was 37.6%. The most common finding was malar rash 79%. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis of oral lesions to recognize patients with LE as the WHO considers oral manifestations of LE a widespread state associated with an increased risk of cancer. Also, implementation of oral hygiene measures and treatment to improve patients' nutritional state and health-related quality of life are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hager Moustafa Saeed
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohammad Amr
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | | | - Wesam Abd Elmoneim
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Akca ÜK, Batu ED, Kısaarslan AP, Poyrazoğlu H, Ayaz NA, Sözeri B, Sağ E, Atalay E, Demir S, Karadağ ŞG, Demir F, Bilginer Y, Gümrük F, Özen S. Hematological involvement in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: A multi-center study. Lupus 2021; 30:1983-1990. [PMID: 34459313 DOI: 10.1177/09612033211038824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may present with features of several systems, including hematological manifestations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the characteristics of hematological involvement and assess possible associations and correlations in pediatric SLE patients. Method: This is a retrospective multi-center study. The medical records of pediatric SLE patients followed between January 2000 and June 2020 were analyzed. All children fulfilled the criteria of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics. Results: The study included 215 children with SLE, 118 of whom had hematological manifestations. Concomitant renal involvement and low C3 levels were significantly more frequent in patients with hematological involvement (p = 0.04, p = 0.008, respectively). Also, anti-cardiolipin, anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I (anti-β2 GP1), and anti-Sm antibody positivity, and the presence of lupus anticoagulant were more common in the group with hematological findings (p = 0.001 for anti-cardiolipin antibody positivity and p < 0.001 for the positivity of anti-β2 GP1 antibody, anti-Sm antibody, and lupus anticoagulant). The most common hematologic abnormality was anemia (n = 88, 74.5%), with autoimmune hemolytic anemia constituting the majority (n = 40). Corticosteroids followed by IVIG were the mainstay of treatment. In patients resistant to corticosteroid and IVIG treatments, the most preferred drug was rituximab. Low levels of C3, high SLEDAI score, high incidence of renal involvement, and positive antiphospholipid antibodies were associated with hematological involvement in the univariate analysis. The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and high SLEDAI score were independently associated with hematological involvement in multivariate analysis (OR: 4.021; 95% CI: 2.041-7.921; p < 0.001 and OR: 1.136; 95% CI: 1.065-1.212; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Hematological abnormalities are frequently encountered in pediatric SLE. Positive antiphospholipid antibodies and high SLEDAI scores were associated with hematological involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümmüşen Kaya Akca
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, 37515Hacettepe University64005Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Deniz Batu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, 37515Hacettepe University64005Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Pac Kısaarslan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, 64212Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hakan Poyrazoğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, 64212Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nuray Aktay Ayaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, 64041Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betül Sözeri
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, 64041Umraniye Training and Research Center, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdal Sağ
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, 37515Hacettepe University64005Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdal Atalay
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, 37515Hacettepe University64005Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selcan Demir
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, 37515Hacettepe University64005Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şerife Gül Karadağ
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, 64041Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Demir
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, 64041Umraniye Training and Research Center, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yelda Bilginer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, 37515Hacettepe University64005Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Gümrük
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, 37515Hacettepe University64005Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seza Özen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, 37515Hacettepe University64005Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Omair MA, AlQahtani BS, AlHamad EH, Tashkandy YA, Othman NS, AlShahrani KA, Paramasivam MP, AlEnzi F, Halwani R, Daghestani MH. Disease phenotype and diagnostic delay in Saudi patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: An exploratory cross-sectional study. Saudi Med J 2021; 42:405-410. [PMID: 33795496 PMCID: PMC8128627 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.4.20200767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To describe primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) cohort in Saudi Arabiain view in of clinical/serological/histopathological phentotype, and, diagnostic delay. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted between October 2018 and May 2019. Diagnostic delay was calculated from symptoms onset to clinical diagnosis. The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) and EULAR Sjogren’s Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI) were calculated. Results: Forty-one patients were included in the study. There were predominantly females (78%) with a mean (±SD) age of 58.76±12.7 and disease duration of 4.6±2.28 years. The mean diagnostic delay was 2.2±2.4 (range 1-11) years. Minor salivary gland biopsy was performed on 38 (92.7%) patients with a mean focus score of 2.3± 1.2 points. Interstitial lung disease and arthritis were the most common extra-glandular manifestations (EGM) affecting 27 (65.9%) patients for both. The mean ESSDAI was 9.95±7.73 and ESSPRI was 5.17±2.4. Conclusion: Saudi primary Sjogren’s syndrome patients have a high prevalence of EGM predominantly arthritis and ILD. The diagnostic delay is variable in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Omair
- From the Rheumatology Division (Omair), Pulmonary Division (AlHamad, Paramasivam) Department of Medicine, from the Department of Zoology (AlQahtani, Daghestani), College of Medicine, from the Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Sciences (Tashkandy), Central Laboratory (Othman), King Saud University; from the Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine (AlShahrani), Diriyah General Hospital, Ministry of Health; from the Department of Clinical Science, College of Medicine (AlEnzi), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine (Halwani), Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Mohammed A. Omair, Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9373-5473
| | - Bashaer S. AlQahtani
- From the Rheumatology Division (Omair), Pulmonary Division (AlHamad, Paramasivam) Department of Medicine, from the Department of Zoology (AlQahtani, Daghestani), College of Medicine, from the Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Sciences (Tashkandy), Central Laboratory (Othman), King Saud University; from the Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine (AlShahrani), Diriyah General Hospital, Ministry of Health; from the Department of Clinical Science, College of Medicine (AlEnzi), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine (Halwani), Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Esam H. AlHamad
- From the Rheumatology Division (Omair), Pulmonary Division (AlHamad, Paramasivam) Department of Medicine, from the Department of Zoology (AlQahtani, Daghestani), College of Medicine, from the Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Sciences (Tashkandy), Central Laboratory (Othman), King Saud University; from the Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine (AlShahrani), Diriyah General Hospital, Ministry of Health; from the Department of Clinical Science, College of Medicine (AlEnzi), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine (Halwani), Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Yusra A. Tashkandy
- From the Rheumatology Division (Omair), Pulmonary Division (AlHamad, Paramasivam) Department of Medicine, from the Department of Zoology (AlQahtani, Daghestani), College of Medicine, from the Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Sciences (Tashkandy), Central Laboratory (Othman), King Saud University; from the Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine (AlShahrani), Diriyah General Hospital, Ministry of Health; from the Department of Clinical Science, College of Medicine (AlEnzi), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine (Halwani), Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Nashwa S. Othman
- From the Rheumatology Division (Omair), Pulmonary Division (AlHamad, Paramasivam) Department of Medicine, from the Department of Zoology (AlQahtani, Daghestani), College of Medicine, from the Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Sciences (Tashkandy), Central Laboratory (Othman), King Saud University; from the Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine (AlShahrani), Diriyah General Hospital, Ministry of Health; from the Department of Clinical Science, College of Medicine (AlEnzi), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine (Halwani), Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Khalid A. AlShahrani
- From the Rheumatology Division (Omair), Pulmonary Division (AlHamad, Paramasivam) Department of Medicine, from the Department of Zoology (AlQahtani, Daghestani), College of Medicine, from the Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Sciences (Tashkandy), Central Laboratory (Othman), King Saud University; from the Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine (AlShahrani), Diriyah General Hospital, Ministry of Health; from the Department of Clinical Science, College of Medicine (AlEnzi), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine (Halwani), Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Muthurajan P. Paramasivam
- From the Rheumatology Division (Omair), Pulmonary Division (AlHamad, Paramasivam) Department of Medicine, from the Department of Zoology (AlQahtani, Daghestani), College of Medicine, from the Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Sciences (Tashkandy), Central Laboratory (Othman), King Saud University; from the Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine (AlShahrani), Diriyah General Hospital, Ministry of Health; from the Department of Clinical Science, College of Medicine (AlEnzi), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine (Halwani), Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Fahidah AlEnzi
- From the Rheumatology Division (Omair), Pulmonary Division (AlHamad, Paramasivam) Department of Medicine, from the Department of Zoology (AlQahtani, Daghestani), College of Medicine, from the Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Sciences (Tashkandy), Central Laboratory (Othman), King Saud University; from the Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine (AlShahrani), Diriyah General Hospital, Ministry of Health; from the Department of Clinical Science, College of Medicine (AlEnzi), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine (Halwani), Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Rabih Halwani
- From the Rheumatology Division (Omair), Pulmonary Division (AlHamad, Paramasivam) Department of Medicine, from the Department of Zoology (AlQahtani, Daghestani), College of Medicine, from the Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Sciences (Tashkandy), Central Laboratory (Othman), King Saud University; from the Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine (AlShahrani), Diriyah General Hospital, Ministry of Health; from the Department of Clinical Science, College of Medicine (AlEnzi), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine (Halwani), Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Maha H. Daghestani
- From the Rheumatology Division (Omair), Pulmonary Division (AlHamad, Paramasivam) Department of Medicine, from the Department of Zoology (AlQahtani, Daghestani), College of Medicine, from the Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Sciences (Tashkandy), Central Laboratory (Othman), King Saud University; from the Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine (AlShahrani), Diriyah General Hospital, Ministry of Health; from the Department of Clinical Science, College of Medicine (AlEnzi), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine (Halwani), Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Al-Adhoubi NK, Al-Balushi F, Al Salmi I, Ali M, Al Lawati T, Al Lawati BSH, Abdwani R, Al Shamsi A, Al Kaabi J, Al Mashaani M, Krishna Jha D, Sayed S, Al-Araimi T, Liyanage P, Al Shirawi A, Al Wahshi HA. A multicenter longitudinal study of the prevalence and mortality rate of systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Oman: Oman Lupus Study. Int J Rheum Dis 2021; 24:847-854. [PMID: 34058079 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study is a longitudinal multicenter study which aims to find the prevalence, the demographic data, survival and mortality rates of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Oman. METHOD All Omani patients, pediatrics and adults diagnosed with SLE, who fulfill either the 1997 American College of Rheumatology or Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classifications criteria for SLE were included from January 2006 till February 2020. RESULTS In total 1160 patients were included in this cohort. Data analysis showed that patient's ages ranged from 2-82 years with female predominance and female-to-male ratio of 7:1 (87.7% female,12.3% male). The mean prevalence of SLE among different age groups was 38.8 (range 5-63 per 100 000 inhabitants). The mortality rate was found to be 5%. Male patients had significantly higher mortality rate than females (7.6% vs 5.4%, P value = .04). Sepsis was the commonest cause of mortality (34%). The coexistence of systemic sclerosis correlates significantly with death (P = .002). Survival analysis in our data showed 5, 10, 20, 40-year survival rates of 100%, 100%, 99% and 90% respectively for antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive patients and lower survival rate for ANA negative patients with 5,10, 20, 40-year survival rates of 100, 99%, 99% and 75%, respectively. CONCLUSION This study showed that the mean prevalence of SLE in Oman to be 38.8 (range 5-63) per 100 000 inhabitants. The 40-year survival rate among patients with positive ANA was found to be 90%, while patients with negative ANA had worse survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasra K Al-Adhoubi
- Rheumatology Unit, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
- Internal Medicine, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Issa Al Salmi
- Internal Medicine, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman
- Nephrology Department, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Maha Ali
- Rheumatology Unit, Al Nahdha Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Talal Al Lawati
- Adult Rheumatology Unit, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Reem Abdwani
- Paediatric Rheumatology Unit, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ali Al Shamsi
- Rheumatology Unit, Al Buraimi Hospital, Al Buraimi, Oman
| | - Juma Al Kaabi
- Rheumatology Unit, Al Buraimi Hospital, Al Buraimi, Oman
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ali Al Shirawi
- Adult Rheumatology Unit, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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Afifi N, El Bakry SA, Mohannad N, Bassyouni IH, Elezz NFA, El-Shazly R, Hussein SA. Clinical Features and Disease Damage Risk Factors in an Egyptian SLE Cohort: A Multicenter Study. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2021; 17:222-231. [PMID: 33243127 DOI: 10.2174/1573397116666201126161244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has a variable natural history and clinical characteristics. OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the clinical and immunological characteristics, and assess the disease accrual of an Egyptian SLE cohort. METHODS The study included 569 SLE patients who were collected from three different centers; demographic, laboratory data, cumulative manifestations, and comorbidities were assessed (characteristics at the time of diagnosis were recorded retrospectively, while current clinical data were recorded cross-sectionally). Evaluation of disease activity was done using Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index score (SLEDAI) and damage by Systemic Lupus International Collaborative Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI). RESULTS The median age of patients at disease onset was 25.0±10.5 years, the median disease duration was 4.0 (6.5) years, the female to male ratio was (12.5:1), and the median SLEDAI was 12.0±14.0. Family history of SLE was noticed in 4%. Antinuclear antibody was positive in all patients and 86% had positive anti-double-stranded DNA. Arthritis/arthralgia was the most frequent presenting symptom (44%) followed by fever (39%). Along the disease course; alopecia was the most common clinical manifestation (76.1%), followed by constitutional symptoms (75.9%), and nephritis (65.7%). Three hundred and five patients encountered organ damage (SDI >1); kidney damage was the most frequent (32%), followed by cardiovascular damage (24.3%). Neutropenia, hypocomplementemia, arthritis, hypertension, longer disease duration, and higher disease activity were found to be independent risk factors for disease damage. CONCLUSIONS There are some diversities and similarities in our findings compared to the previously reported data. Arthritis is the most common presenting symptom, while alopecia is the most frequent clinical finding, and a higher prevalence of nephritis was reported. Renal damage is the most frequent outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa Afifi
- Internal Medicine Department, Division of Rheumatology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samah A El Bakry
- Internal Medicine Department, Division of Rheumatology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nevine Mohannad
- Internal Medicine Department, Division of Rheumatology, Alexandria University Hospitals, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Iman H Bassyouni
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nahla F Abou Elezz
- Community and Public Health Department Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem El-Shazly
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safaa A Hussein
- Internal Medicine Department, Division of Rheumatology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Gheita TA, Noor RA, Abualfadl E, Abousehly OS, El-Gazzar II, El Shereef RR, Senara S, Abdalla AM, Khalil NM, ElSaman AM, Tharwat S, Nasef SI, Mohamed EF, Noshy N, El-Essawi DF, Moshrif AH, Fawzy RM, El-Najjar AR, Hammam N, Ismail F, ElKhalifa M, Samy N, Hassan E, Abaza NM, ElShebini E, Fathi HM, Salem MN, Abdel-Fattah YH, Saad E, Abd Elazim MI, Eesa NN, El-Bahnasawy AS, El-Hammady DH, El-Shanawany AT, Ibrahim SE, Said EA, El-Saadany HM, Selim ZI, Fawzy SM, Raafat HA. Adult systemic lupus erythematosus in Egypt: The nation-wide spectrum of 3661 patients and world-wide standpoint. Lupus 2021; 30:1526-1535. [PMID: 33951965 DOI: 10.1177/09612033211014253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to present the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and treatment pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Egyptian patients over the country and compare the findings to large cohorts worldwide. Objectives were extended to focus on the age at onset and gender driven influence on the disease characteristics. PATIENTS AND METHOD This population-based, multicenter, cross-sectional study included 3661 adult SLE patients from Egyptian rheumatology departments across the nation. Demographic, clinical, and therapeutic data were assessed for all patients. RESULTS The study included 3661 patients; 3296 females and 365 males (9.03:1) and the median age was 30 years (17-79 years), disease duration 4 years (0-75 years) while the median age at disease onset was 25 years (4-75 years). The overall estimated prevalence of adult SLE in Egypt was 6.1/100,000 population (1.2/100,000 males and 11.3/100,000 females).There were 316 (8.6%) juvenile-onset (Jo-SLE) and 3345 adult-onset (Ao-SLE). Age at onset was highest in South and lowest in Cairo (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION SLE in Egypt had a wide variety of clinical and immunological manifestations, with some similarities with that in other nations and differences within the same country. The clinical characteristics, autoantibodies and comorbidities are comparable between Ao-SLE and Jo-SLE. The frequency of various clinical and immunological manifestations varied between gender. Additional studies are needed to determine the underlying factors contributing to gender and age of onset differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer A Gheita
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha Abdel Noor
- Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit, Tanta University, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Esam Abualfadl
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.,Qena/Luxor Hospitals, Qena, Egypt
| | - Osama S Abousehly
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Iman I El-Gazzar
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rawhya R El Shereef
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Soha Senara
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdalla
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Noha M Khalil
- Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M ElSaman
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Samar Tharwat
- Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Samah I Nasef
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez-Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Eman F Mohamed
- Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Noshy
- Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina F El-Essawi
- Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Hafeez Moshrif
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Fawzy
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Kalubia, Egypt
| | - Amany R El-Najjar
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Nevin Hammam
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt.,Rheumatology Department, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Faten Ismail
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Marwa ElKhalifa
- Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Samy
- Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Hassan
- Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nouran M Abaza
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad ElShebini
- Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit, Menoufiya University, Menoufiya, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Fathi
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mohamed N Salem
- Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Yousra H Abdel-Fattah
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ehab Saad
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mervat I Abd Elazim
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Nahla N Eesa
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany S El-Bahnasawy
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Dina H El-Hammady
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira T El-Shanawany
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Menoufiya, Egypt
| | - Soha E Ibrahim
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emtethal A Said
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Kalubia, Egypt
| | - Hanan M El-Saadany
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Zahraa I Selim
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Samar M Fawzy
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala A Raafat
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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El-Garf K, El-Garf A, Gheith R, Badran S, Salah S, Marzouk H, Farag Y, Khalifa I, Mostafa N. A comparative study between the disease characteristics in adult-onset and childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in Egyptian patients attending a large university hospital. Lupus 2020; 30:211-218. [PMID: 33175664 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320972778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disease features and laboratory abnormalities differ among adult-onset and childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (aSLE and cSLE). Socioeconomic status both independent of, and in combination with, ethnicity influences the disease phenotype and outcome. OBJECTIVE To compare the various disease features among patients with cSLE and aSLE in a limited monetary income Egyptian cohort attending a large free-of-charge university hospital. Patients and methods: Retrospective analysis of the medical records of 714 SLE patients attending Cairo University Hospitals from January 2000 to December 2019. Of them 602 (400 with aSLE and 202 with cSLE) were enrolled in the study. RESULTS The mean age of disease onset was 28.27 ± 10.55 among aSLE patients compared to 12.88 ± 4.26 years among cSLE patients. Disease duration was 12.03 ± 5.05 and 4.14 ± 3.18 years in aSLE and cSLE, respectively. Female to male ratio was 15:1 among patients with aSLE, as compared to 2.67:1 among cSLE (<0.001). Arthritis (69%), oral ulcers (48.5%), neuropsychiatric (18.3%) and thrombotic manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome (12%) were significantly more frequent in aSLE. On the other hand, renal (67.8%), serositis (49.6%), fever (49%), lymphopenia (40.6%), hemolytic anemia (38.6%), and discoid lupus (13.4%) were significantly more frequent in cSLE. Weight loss, malar rash, photosensitivity, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia and lymphadenopathy were not significantly different between the two groups. Hypocomplementemia, proteinuria, urinary sediments, hematuria were significantly more frequent in cSLE. For those patients with renal involvement, who underwent renal biopsy (58.3% in aSLE and 63.5% in cSLE), there was no significant difference with regard to the different histopathological classes. Anti-Smith, anti-cardiolipin antibodies and rheumatoid factor were significantly more frequent among aSLE patients, while anti-La antibodies were more frequent among cSLE patients. CONCLUSION Arthritis was the most common clinical manifestation over time in aSLE compared to renal involvement in cSLE. Renal disease tends to be more active in cSLE. The differences in disease manifestations between this cohort and other studies can be attributed to the ethnic and socioeconomic disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal El-Garf
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Garf
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha Gheith
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Badran
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia Salah
- Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Huda Marzouk
- Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yomna Farag
- Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman Khalifa
- Department Pediatric, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Mostafa
- Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Assiri K, Hameed MS, Dawasaz AA, Alamoudi E, Asiri AM, Hitesh V, Ajmal M. Correlation of Buccal Micronucleus with Disease Activity Score Using Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Analysis (BMCA) in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Indian J Dermatol 2020; 65:265-268. [PMID: 32831365 PMCID: PMC7423229 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_620_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A disease activity score obtained by using systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) has traditionally been a reliable method to assess the SLE status of patients. More recently, a buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCA) has been developed for use as a biomarker of DNA damage in patients with SLE. There has been a very limited number of studies pertaining to the oral lesions in Arab population suffering from SLE in Asir region. Hence, it became utmost important to study epidemiological data of oral mucosal lesions in SLE patients. Distribution of oral lesions in SLE patients could also be helpful in better management of oral complications. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the existence of a correlation between SLEDAI score and the degree of micronuclei (MN) formation using BMCA. Materials and Methods: After thorough oral examination of adult Saudi SLE patients of Asir hospital and that of healthy control subjects, the subjects underwent BMCA from normal unaffected bilateral buccal mucosae. Results: Pearson's correlation test showed that MN count did not significantly correlate with either disease activity or duration of SLE. Conclusions: Controlled state SLE does not lead to a significant increase in MN formation. Thus, the occurrence of premalignant lesions in the oral cavity could be minimized using proper management protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Assiri
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shahul Hameed
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Azhar Dawasaz
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alamoudi
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Vij Hitesh
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Muhammed Ajmal
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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In-hospital mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a study from Jordan 2002–2017. Rheumatol Int 2020; 40:711-717. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: characteristics and outcome in comparison to juvenile- and adult-onset patients-a multicenter retrospective cohort. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 39:435-442. [PMID: 31758421 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04776-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) among elderly-onset patients. METHODS This study included 575 SLE patients managed at Cairo, Alexandria, and Helwan universities from August 2014 to 2018: of whom 49 (8.5%), 420 (73%), and 106 (18.4%) were elderly- (> 50 years), adult- (17-50 years), and juvenile- (≤ 16 years) onset patients, respectively. Cumulative characteristics were recorded. Disease activity at the last visit was investigated through the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index-2K (SLEDAI-2K), whereby lupus low disease activity (LLDA) was defined as a SLEDAI-2K score ≤ 4. The disease outcome was assessed through investigating disease damage (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI)) and the prevalence of mortality. Quantitative and categorical data were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, and chi-square (χ2) test, respectively. RESULTS Late-onset SLE (LSLE) patients demonstrated the lowest prevalence of constitutional and mucocutaneous manifestations (p < 0.001), serositis (p = 0.006), nephritis (p < 0.001), neuropsychiatric involvement (p < 0.001), and hypocomplementinemia (p < 0.001), but showed the highest prevalence of comorbidities and multimorbidity (comorbidities ≥ 2) (p < 0.001), and positive anti-ds DNA antibodies (p < 0.001). Elderly-onset patients demonstrated the lowest SLEDAI-2K and SDI scores, achieved LLDA the most (p < 0.001), and developed any damage (SDI ≥ 1) the least (p < 0.001). The prevalence of mortality was comparable across the three age groups (p = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS Late-onset SLE patients (8.5%) showed the lowest prevalence of major organ involvement and the highest prevalence of comorbidities, and demonstrated more favorable disease activity and damage indices.Key Points• The disease characteristics and outcome among LSLE patients are characterized by being controversial, with studies from the Middle East being limited. Our cohort constituted of 8.5% elderly-onset SLE patients-who were characterized by the lowest prevalence of major organ involvement and the lowest activity and damage indices-making the disease pattern more favorable in this age group, despite being characterized by the highest prevalence of comorbidities.
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Almalki AH, Alrowaie FA, Alhozali HM, Almalki NK, Alsubei AI, Alturki MS, Sadagah LF. Remission and long-term outcomes of proliferative lupus nephritis: retrospective study of 96 patients from Saudi Arabia. Lupus 2019; 28:1082-1090. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203319860584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Few data are available about the rate of short-term remission and its impact on the long-term outcomes of proliferative lupus nephritis in the Middle East. Methods An observational study was carried out involving 96 adult patients with biopsy-proven focal or diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (PLN) from four different hospitals. Data on induction, remission and long-term outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results Among the 96 patients with biopsy-proven PLN (median age 27 (IQR: 21,34) years, 85% women and median duration of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) prior to diagnosis 27 (IQR: 11, 55) months), 67% developed remission at 6 months (proportion 0.67; 95% CI 0.57, 0.76). Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was used in 45/96 (47%), CYC in 41/95 (43%) and other agents in 10/96 (10%). The choice of MMF as induction agent has increased in recent years. Among baseline characteristics, only histologic activity was found to have a significant association with remission, with active lesions more likely to remit than active/chronic and chronic lesions (AOR 6.5, 95% CI 1.44–29.39, p = 0.015). Based on Kaplan–Meier analysis, the 5-year renal survival rate without doubling serum creatinine was 73.8%. Compared to patients with complete remission, lower long-term renal survival rates were observed in patients with no remission (89.7 versus 43%, p = 0.001) and partial remission (89.7 versus 77.6%, p = 0.256). The cumulative rate of doubling serum creatinine, dialysis, relapse and death was 23%, 11%, 10% and 5%, respectively, at 48-month median follow up. Conclusion Approximately two-thirds of patients with PLN develop remission in response to standard induction therapy. Remission was negatively associated with the presence of chronic changes in renal biopsy. Overall, MMF is the most commonly used agent to induce remission; however, with more severe disease CYC, is used more frequently. PLN is associated with significant long-term renal outcomes including a 26% cumulative rate of doubling of serum creatinine at 5 years. Initial remission predicts this long-term renal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Almalki
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Section, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Saudi Arabia
| | - F A Alrowaie
- Department of Medical Subspecialties, Nephrology Section, King Fahd Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H M Alhozali
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Section, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - N K Almalki
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Section, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A I Alsubei
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Section, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Alturki
- Department of Nephrology, Alhada Armed Force Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - L F Sadagah
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Section, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Saudi Arabia
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Balci S, Ekinci RMK, Bayazit AK, Melek E, Dogruel D, Altintas DU, Yilmaz M. Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: a single-center experience from southern Turkey. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 38:1459-1468. [PMID: 30648229 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to analyze clinical characteristics, laboratory data, disease activity, and outcome of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) patients from southern Turkey. METHODS Fifty-three patients with jSLE diagnosed according to the revised American College of Rheumatology 1997 criteria between January 2005 and June 2018 were included in the present study. RESULTS The median age at the diagnosis was 12.8 (range, 5.1-17.7) years. The female to male ratio was 9.6:1. The most prevalent clinical features were mucocutaneous involvement (96.2%) and constitutional manifestations (94.3%). Renal manifestations, hematological manifestations, and neuropsychiatric involvement were detected in 40 (75%), in 38 (71.7%), and in 13 (24.5%) patients, respectively. Renal biopsy was performed to 49 patients (92.5%). Class IV lupus nephritis (LN) (34%) and class II LN (20.4%) were the most common findings. Mycophenolate mofetil, cyclophosphamide with corticosteroid were the main treatment options. Eighteen patients received rituximab and one tocilizumab. The mean SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score at the time of diagnosis was 22.47 ± 8.8 (range = 3-49), and 1.34 ± 1.85 (range = 0-7) at last visit. Twenty-one patients (39.6%) had damage in agreement with Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (PedSDI; mean = 0.60 ± 0.94; range = 0-5) criteria. Growth failure was the most prevalent cause of damage (n = 13, 26%). One patient deceased due to severe pulmonary hemorrhage and multiple cerebral thromboses. CONCLUSION jSLE patients in this cohort have severe disease in view of the higher frequency of renal and neurologic involvement. Nevertheless, multicenter studies are needed to make a conclusion for all Turkish children with jSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Balci
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
| | | | - Aysun Karabay Bayazit
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Engin Melek
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Dilek Dogruel
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Derya Ufuk Altintas
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yilmaz
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Metry AM, Al Salmi I, Al Balushi F, Yousef MA, Al Ismaili F, Hola A, Hannawi S. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Symptoms and Signs at Initial Presentations. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2019; 18:142-150. [PMID: 30488801 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666181128161828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune multisystem inflammatory condition that causes microvascular inflammation with the production of various auto-antibodies that play a major role in its pathogenesis. SLE can affect both sexes, all ages, and all ethnic groups with widespread geographical and socioeconomic backgrounds. Asia encompasses people of many sociocultural backgrounds with diverse ethnic. OBJECTIVE Due to a lack of national epidemiological research, the incidence and prevalence of SLE in Middle Eastern and Arab countries, have only recently been studied. This article aims to explore the status of SLE in Oman and to record symptoms and signs of SLE at first presentation. METHODOLOGY Medical records of all patients diagnosed with SLE at the Royal Hospital from 2006 to 2014 were reviewed for information recorded at first visit. SLE diagnosis was based on the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria; ACR97 (which includes the clinical manifestation and laboratory evidence). Patients with SLE disease manifestations extrapolated and analyzed. There were 966 patients diagnosed with SLE during the period from 2006 to 2014. Mean (SD) age at presentations was 35.5 (11.5) years. Majority of patients were female which constitutes 88.7% of the total SLE patients with mean age 27.6 (1.4) years. RESULTS Constitutional symptoms were found in 48.68 of SLE population including fatigue in 35.22%, and weight changes in 13.43%. The cutaneous manifestations that were present included malar rash 37.69%, photosensitivity 35.10%, discoid lupus 17.63%, and hair loss 39.29%. Musculoskeletal manifestations were commonly seen among the studied population including arthralgia in 68.75%, myalgia in 55.65%, arthritis in 48.31%, whilst myositis, tendon abnormalities and avascular necrosis were found in only 2.47%, 0.31% and 1.98%. respectively. CONCLUSION This is the first study of the symptoms and signs at initial clinical presentation of SLE patients compared to other studies done regionally where most have focused on clinical manifestations during the progression course of SLE. SLE manifestations may be related to the differences in the genetic make-up of the patients who come from various ethnic groups despite similar geography or sociocultural background, or to referral bias, as some studies were performed in the nephrology units and others in the rheumatology units. There is a pressing need to establish a nationwide and regional collaboration to establish LUPUS and to put forward a strategic planning with each MOH to provide an easy and efficient report of SLE cases and provide various effective management for such a debilitating syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Issa Al Salmi
- The Renal Medicine Department, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | | | | | - Alan Hola
- The Renal Medicine Department, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Suad Hannawi
- Rheumatology Department, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dubai 65522, United Arab Emirates
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Adwan M. Clinical and Serologic Characteristics of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the Arab World: A Pooled Analysis of 3,273 Patients. Arch Rheumatol 2018; 33:455-463. [PMID: 30874242 PMCID: PMC6409177 DOI: 10.5606/archrheumatol.2018.6832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to describe the clinical and immunological characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus in the Arab world. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for observational studies describing the clinical and serologic features of systemic lupus erythematosus in adult patients in the Arab world. We used the search terms "lupus in Arabs" and the names of individual Arab countries. Twenty-two articles from 11 countries including 3,273 patients (349 males, 2,924 females; mean age 28.9 years) met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Studies that reported on either clinical or serologic data in adult patients were included. RESULTS The mean age at disease onset was 28.9 years. The female to male ratio was 8.34:1. The most common clinical manifestations were arthralgia/arthritis (81.1%), anemia (55.6%), fatigue (53.4%), malar rash (53.1%) and renal manifestations (50.4%). Antinuclear antibodies were present in 97.2%, anti-double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid in 74.1%, anti-Ro/Sjögren syndrome A in 50.5%, anti-ribonucleoprotein in 43.5%, anti-Smith in 40.7% and anti-La/Sjögren syndrome B in 29.2%. The mortality rate was 7.6%. The frequency of various clinical and immunological manifestations varied between different regions. CONCLUSION Systemic lupus erythematosus displays several different clinical and serologic characteristics, both among different Arab populations and in comparison to other ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Adwan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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25
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Barnado A, Carroll RJ, Casey C, Wheless L, Denny JC, Crofford LJ. Phenome-wide association study identifies dsDNA as a driver of major organ involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2018; 28:66-76. [PMID: 30477398 DOI: 10.1177/0961203318815577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), dsDNA antibodies are associated with renal disease. Less is known about comorbidities in patients without dsDNA or other autoantibodies. Using an electronic health record (EHR) SLE cohort, we employed a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) that scans across billing codes to compare comorbidities in SLE patients with and without autoantibodies. We used our validated algorithm to identify SLE subjects. Autoantibody status was defined as ever positive for dsDNA, RNP, Smith, SSA and SSB. PheWAS was performed in antibody positive vs. negative SLE patients adjusting for age and race and using a false discovery rate of 0.05. We identified 1097 SLE subjects. In the PheWAS of dsDNA positive vs. negative subjects, dsDNA positive subjects were more likely to have nephritis ( p = 2.33 × 10-9) and renal failure ( p = 1.85 × 10-5). After adjusting for sex, race, age and other autoantibodies, dsDNA was independently associated with nephritis and chronic kidney disease. Those patients negative for dsDNA, RNP, SSA and SSB negative subjects were all more likely to have billing codes for sleep, pain and mood disorders. PheWAS uncovered a hierarchy within SLE-specific autoantibodies with dsDNA having the greatest impact on major organ involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barnado
- 1 Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - R J Carroll
- 2 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - C Casey
- 3 Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, USA
| | - L Wheless
- 4 Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - J C Denny
- 1 Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA.,2 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - L J Crofford
- 1 Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
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Immunological and Clinical Characteristics of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Series from Morocco. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3139404. [PMID: 30363993 PMCID: PMC6186365 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3139404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with a high female predominance. To date, studies about SLE in Morocco are few. This retrospective study describes the clinical and immunological features in a series of 50 SLE Moroccan patients in University Hospital Center of Rabat, Morocco, between December 2011 and December 2013. All patients were screened for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-DNA antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence, followed by identification of anti-extractable nuclear antigen antibodies by ELISA. The female to male ratio was 6.1:1. Mean age was 31.72 years. The main clinical manifestations were arthritis (82%), mucocutaneous manifestations (80%), renal manifestations (50%), and hematological features (46%). Of the mucocutaneous features, the highest frequencies were observed in the malar rash (68%) and photosensitivity (60%). Of the hematological features, lymphopenia was most frequently observed in 30% of patients, followed by hemolytic anemia in 16% and leucopenia and thrombocytopenia in 8%. Central nervous system was involved in 10%. ANA were found in 88%, anti-DNA antibodies in 56%, and anti-Sm antibodies in 50%. Anti-SSA, anti-SSB, anti-Sm/RNP, and anti-Scl70 antibodies were detected in 38%, 10%, 48%, and 8%, respectively. Our data show that, in our patients, the main clinical and immunological features of SLE remain comparable to patients from other Arab countries.
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AlMatham KI, AlFayez AF, AlHarthi RA, AlMutairi FS, Alrasheedi FS, Mustafa A, Ahmed M, AlMatouq BA, AlRowaei FA. Glomerulonephritis disease pattern at Saudi tertiary care center. Saudi Med J 2018; 38:1113-1117. [PMID: 29114699 PMCID: PMC5767614 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2017.11.21119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess changes in the pattern of glomerular diseases to help guide optimal allocation of resources, to focus future reasearch, and improve outcomes. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on kidney biopsies taken between 2007 and 2016 at a single tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia (King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh) to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of glomerulonephritis (GN). Results: The most common primary GN in 102 biopsies from adult patients with a mean age of 28.9 ± 13.6 years and 40.2% female, was focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (35.3%). Among 64 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus associated nephritis, of whom most (82.8%) were female, lupus nephritis (LN) 4 (46.9%), and (LN) 3 (32.8%) were the most common lupus nephritis classes. Conclusion: Establishing prospective GN registries from which robust diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes data can be acquired is warranted; however, registry development and maintenance are often precluded by resource limitations. Accordingly, retrospective analysis of administrative data will continue to provide important complementary information on GN epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid I AlMatham
- Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Mahmoud GA, Shahin AA, Zayed HS, Moghazy A, Eissa BM. Clinical and immunological pattern and outcome of Egyptian systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a single center experience. Lupus 2018; 27:1562-1569. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203318776085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and immunological pattern and disease outcome in Egyptian systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Patients and methods The medical records of 770 systemic lupus erythematosus patients who were followed from 2002–2015 at Kasr Alainy Hospital, Cairo University, were retrospectively reviewed. Results There were 707 (91.8%) females. The mean age at disease onset was 22.1 ± 8.6 and the disease duration was 6.1 ± 4.5 years. The main clinical manifestations were mucocutaneous (90.8% with oral ulcers affecting 52.5%), arthritis (80.3%), nephritis (67.8%), hematologic involvement (64.9%), serositis (55.2%) and neuropsychiatric manifestations (44.3%). The frequencies of antinuclear antibodies were 94.3%, anti-dsDNA 74.8%, anti-Smith 11%, anticardiolipin antibodies 29.5% and lupus anticoagulant 19.8%. Infections, predominantly bacterial, affected 337 (43.8%) patients. Thirty-three (4.3%) patients died. The main causes of death were sepsis and disease activity. The five- and 10-year survival rates for the total cohort were 97.4% and 96.3%, respectively, and were 96% and 92%, respectively for those with nephritis ( p = 0.008). Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated serum creatinine, a higher damage index, infections, a higher glucocorticoid dose and cyclophosphamide use ≥ six months were associated with an increased risk of mortality with odds ratios of 3.69, p < 0.01; 4.12, p < 0.001; 1.54, p < 0.001; 1.43, p < 0.001; 5.08, p < 0.001; 5.04, p < 0.001 and 2.25, p = 0.03, respectively. Conclusion Compared to other cohorts, a relatively lower mean age at systemic lupus erythematosus onset and higher frequencies of oral ulcers, serositis and nephritis were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Mahmoud
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A A Shahin
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H S Zayed
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Moghazy
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - B M Eissa
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Oral Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients in Qatar: A Pilot Study. Int J Rheumatol 2018; 2018:6052326. [PMID: 29849650 PMCID: PMC5914093 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6052326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the prevalence of oral manifestations among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in Qatar, in order to warrant future studies that would investigate each one of these manifestations with detail and further scrutiny. Methods Study procedures took place between November 2014 and April 2016. All patients visiting the outpatient rheumatology clinics at Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar, were asked to join. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1997 criteria of SLE were used. The patients were examined initially by a rheumatologist and were later scheduled for an appointment with a dentist at the same institution. A total of 77 patients were recruited for the study. Results Prevalence rates for the different oral manifestations ranged from 2.4% for soft palate ulcers, cheilitis, and oral candida to 88.1% for the presence of cavitation. Gingivitis, periodontal disease, cavities, and missing teeth were observed in more than 50% of the sample. The prevalence of periodontal disease and missing teeth was higher among those with an SLE duration > 8 years. On the contrary, the prevalence of gingivitis and cavities was higher among those with an SLE duration ≤ 8 years. Conclusion This study found high rates of gingivitis, periodontal disease, cavities, and missing teeth among SLE patients in Qatar. It is recommended that healthcare providers of such patients monitor the presence of any oral manifestations in order to arrange for early treatment and prevention efforts. Future prospective longitudinal studies with adequate sample size and power are needed in order to ascertain any causation factors or common etiology pathways.
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Abdel-Nabi HH, Abdel-Noor RA. Comparison between disease onset patterns of Egyptian juvenile and adult systemic lupus erythematosus (single centre experience). Lupus 2018; 27:1039-1044. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203318760208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - R A Abdel-Noor
- Internal Medicine Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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31
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El Hadidi KT, Medhat BM, Abdel Baki NM, Abdel Kafy H, Abdelrahaman W, Yousri AY, Attia DH, Eissa M, El Dessouki D, Elgazzar I, Elgengehy FT, El Ghobashy N, El Hadary H, El Mardenly G, El Naggar H, El Nahas AM, El Refai RM, El Rwiny HA, Elsman RM, Galal M, Ghoniem S, Maged LA, Sally SM, Naji H, Saad S, Shaaban M, Sharaf M, Sobhy N, Soliman RM, El Hadidi TS. Characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus in a sample of the Egyptian population: a retrospective cohort of 1109 patients from a single center. Lupus 2018; 27:1030-1038. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203317751856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K T El Hadidi
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - B M Medhat
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N M Abdel Baki
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H Abdel Kafy
- Rheumatology Department, Al Azhar University Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - W Abdelrahaman
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Y Yousri
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - D H Attia
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Eissa
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - D El Dessouki
- Rheumatology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - I Elgazzar
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - F T Elgengehy
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N El Ghobashy
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H El Hadary
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - G El Mardenly
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - R M El Refai
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - R M Elsman
- Rheumatology Department, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Galal
- Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Ghoniem
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - L A Maged
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S M Sally
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H Naji
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Military Academy, Agouza Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - S Saad
- Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Shaaban
- Rheumatology Department, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Sharaf
- Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N Sobhy
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - T S El Hadidi
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Military Academy, Agouza Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Ryu S, Fu W, Petri MA. Associates and predictors of pleurisy or pericarditis in SLE. Lupus Sci Med 2017; 4:e000221. [PMID: 29118999 PMCID: PMC5663266 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2017-000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background/Purpose Serositis is one of both ACR and SLICC classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a common type of extra renal flare. However, little is known about clinical or immunological associations of pleurisy or pericarditis. The aim of this study is to analyze associates and predictors of pleurisy versus pericarditis in Caucasians and African Americans with SLE. Methods 2,390 SLE patients in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort were analyzed for demographic, clinical and serologic associates of pleurisy or pericarditis, defined using the SELENA revision of the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). The cross-sectional and prospective study using either univariate or multivariate analysis were performed to evaluate the associates of serositis in SLE. We reported associates with a p-value of less than 0.05 for pleurisy or pericarditis. Results 43% had pleurisy and 22% had pericarditis. African-American ethnicity was a predictive factor for new pericarditis. Hemolytic anemia, proteinuria, lymphadenopathy and anti-Sm were predictive only of pericarditis, whereas pulmonary fibrosis and GI infarction were predictive only of pleurisy. Fever, Raynaud’s syndrome, and anti-DNA were predictors for both pericarditis and pleurisy. Conclusion Our study provides further insights into the associates of pleurisy and pericarditis in SLE. Predictors of pleurisy and pericarditis are shown for the first time. The long term consequences from the cross-sectional analysis gives a lesson that serositis in SLE should not be considered benign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwon Ryu
- Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Fu
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle A Petri
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Alsowaida N, Alrasheed M, Mayet A, Alsuwaida A, Omair MA. Medication adherence, depression and disease activity among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2017; 27:327-332. [PMID: 28825347 DOI: 10.1177/0961203317725585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Medication non-adherence is an important cause of treatment failure among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Depression is a common neuropsychiatric disorder associated with SLE. The aims of this study are to assess the prevalence of both medication non-adherence and depressed mood among Saudi patients with SLE by using validated tools and to explore the impact of both depressive symptoms and disease activity on medication non-adherence. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatients with SLE. Medication non-adherence was assessed by using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, and the severity of depressed mood was evaluated with the Beck's Depression Inventory. Disease activity was measured using the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Multiple logistic regression models were used to identify the multivariate predictors of medication non-adherence. Results Out of 140 patients, 134 (95.7%) were females with a mean (±SD) age of 35.6 (±11.3) years and a disease duration of 8.8 (±6.7) years. Medication non-adherence and depressed mood were detected in 62.1% and 35% of the patients, respectively. A moderate or severe depressed mood was significantly associated with medication non-adherence ( p = 0.04). There was a significant correlation between disease activity and the severity of depressed mood ( r = 0.31, p = 0.003). Disease activity did not correlate with medication non-adherence. Logistic regression demonstrated that moderate-to-severe depressed mood increased the probability of medication non-adherence (OR 2.62; 1.02-6.71). Conclusion Medication non-adherence and depressive symptoms are highly prevalent among Saudi SLE patients. Routine screening could facilitate the early detection and management of depression and medication adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Alsowaida
- 1 Pharmacy Services, 37850 King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Alrasheed
- 2 College of Pharmacy, 37850 King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Mayet
- 3 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, 37850 King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Alsuwaida
- 4 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, 37850 King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Omair
- 5 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, 37850 King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease distributed worldwide, which occurs in both genders, and across racial/ethnic and age groups; however, higher rates are observed in adults, in women and in non-Caucasians. Genetic, environmental, sociodemographic and methodological issues are responsible not only for these differences but for the variable course and outcome of the disease. Non-Caucasians have a more severe disease with a higher risk for early mortality and damage accrual. Males also have a more severe disease; however, a negative impact of male gender on lupus outcomes has not been firmly established. Childhood-onset is associated with a more severe disease; moreover, it is also associated with higher damage and diminished survival; finally, late-onset lupus is mild but it is associated with higher damage accrual and a diminished survival. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the incidence and prevalence of SLE, the impact of age, gender and race/ethnicity in SLE and in the survival of those affected. Expert commentary: Age, gender and race/ethnicity impact disease expression in SLE patients; despite improvements in survival, mortality in SLE remains almost three times higher than in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo J Pons-Estel
- a Department of Autoimmune Diseases , Institut Clinic de Medicina I Dermatologia, Hospital Clinic , Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain.,b Division of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases , Sanatorio Parque, Grupo Oroño , Rosario , Argentina
| | - Manuel F Ugarte-Gil
- c Servicio de Reumatología , Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud , Lima , Perú.,d School of Medicine , Universidad Científica del Sur , Lima , Perú
| | - Graciela S Alarcón
- e Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine , The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA.,f Department of Medicine, School of Medicine , Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Perú
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El-Garf AK, Gheith RE, Badran SN. Clinical pattern in Egyptian systemic lupus erythematosus patients with pleuropulmonary involvement. THE EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Al-Mutairi KD, Al-Zahrani MS, Bahlas SM, Kayal RA, Zawawi KH. Periodontal findings in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and healthy controls. Saudi Med J 2016; 36:463-8. [PMID: 25828284 PMCID: PMC4404481 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.4.10746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare periodontal findings in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and healthy controls, and to determine, whether there is a correlation between periodontal parameters and SLE biomarkers. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between November 2012 and February 2014. Twenty-five participants diagnosed with SLE and 50 healthy controls were selected. Periodontal assessment consisted of clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing, and plaque scores. For the SLE group, several laboratory tests were obtained, such as, white blood cell count, hemoglobin level, platelet count, anti-nuclear antibody, anti-double-stranded DNA antibody, calcium level, and vitamin D. RESULTS Periodontal findings in SLE patients and controls were not significantly different. The SLE patients who had no flare-ups for more than a year showed significant bleeding on probing and deeper PD compared with those who had flare-ups less than a year before starting the study. The SLE patients with arthritis symptoms showed more CAL than those without arthritis. In the SLE patients, no significant correlation was found between their periodontal findings and SLE biomarkers. CONCLUSION Periodontal health was not different between SLE patients and healthy controls. In SLE patients however, flare-ups and presence of arthritis had a significant relation with periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid D Al-Mutairi
- Dental Department, Prince Sultan Armed Forces Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Zen M, Iaccarino L, Gatto M, Bettio S, Saccon F, Ghirardello A, Punzi L, Doria A. The effect of different durations of remission on damage accrual: results from a prospective monocentric cohort of Caucasian patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 76:562-565. [PMID: 27884821 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify the shortest duration of remission associated with improved outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS We studied 293 Caucasian patients with SLE during 7-year follow-up. Disease activity was assessed by SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 and damage by Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI). We defined three remission levels: complete, clinical off-corticosteroids, clinical on-corticosteroids (prednisone 1-5 mg/day). The effect of different durations of remission (1, 2, 3, 4 and ≥5 consecutive years) on damage was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Among patients achieving 1-year (27 patients), 2-year (47 patients), 3-year (45 patients), 4-year (26 patients) remission, damage was similar irrespective of the level of remission achieved, whereas, among patients achieving ≥5-year remission (113 patients), damage was higher in those in clinical remission on-corticosteroids (p<0.001).In multivariate analysis, ≥2 consecutive year remission was protective against damage (OR (95% CI)): 2 years 0.228 (0.061 to 0.850); 3 years 0.116 (0.031 to 0.436); 4 years 0.118 (0.027 to 0.519) and ≥5 years 0.044 (0.012 to 0.159). Predictors of damage were cumulative prednisone dose ≥180 mg/month (3.136 (1.276 to 7.707)), antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (5.517 (2.092 to 14.546)), vasculitis (3.107 (1.030 to 9.307)) and number of flare/year (8.769 (1.692 to 45.449)). CONCLUSIONS Two consecutive years is the shortest duration of remission associated with a decrease in damage progression in Caucasian patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Zen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Iaccarino
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariele Gatto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvano Bettio
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Saccon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Ghirardello
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Punzi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Parvez K, Al-Arfaj ARS, Hamdani MA, Naseeb F, Daif A, Hussain S. Pattern of MRI brain in neuro-psychiatric SLE. Effect of anti-phospholipid antibodies: A study at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Pak J Med Sci 2015; 31:1182-7. [PMID: 26649010 PMCID: PMC4641279 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.315.7975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the neuro-radiologic findings in Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with and without antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in different neuro-psychiatric manifestations. METHODS This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out at King Khalid University Hospital, a tertiary care teaching hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from June 2012 to January 2015. Ninety seven SLE patients with neuro-psychiatric manifestations were included in the study and divided into two groups. Group I (50 patients) SLE with aPL and group II (47 patients) SLE without aPL. We compared Demographic features, clinical manifestations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain findings. RESULTS Demographic and clinical characteristics of two groups were similar. In Group-I, anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) were most common (86%). In patients with headache, most of the patients in Group-I had white matter hyperintensities (WMHIs) (50% vs 27%) while most of the patients in Group-II had normal MRI brain (38% vs 73%). Similarly WMHIs were found more in Group-I patients with seizures (60% vs 21%), while ischemia/infarction, atrophy and normal MRI were found in Group-II. MRI brain in patients with neurological deficit and psychiatric disorder were not much different in both the groups. CONCLUSION We found no statistically significant differences in frequencies of MRI brain abnormalities in SLE patients with and without aPL antibodies. Each of the three aPL may have a variable effect on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Parvez
- Khalid Parvez, FCPS, MRCP. Registrar, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Rahman Saud Al-Arfaj
- Abdul Rahman Saud Al-Arfaj, MRCP, FRCPC, ABIM, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal Hamdani
- Muhammad Afzal Hamdani, FCPS, Dip-Card., MRCP. Senior Registrar, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Naseeb
- Faisal Naseeb, FCPS, MRCP. Registrar, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkader Daif
- Dr. Abdulkader Daif, MD. Professor of Neurology, Department of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Sajjad Hussain MD. Assistant Professor and Consultant Neuro-radiologist, Department of Radiology, King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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González-Naranjo LA, Betancur OM, Alarcón GS, Ugarte-Gil MF, Jaramillo-Arroyave D, Wojdyla D, Pons-Estel GJ, Rondón-Herrera F, Vásquez-Duque GM, Quintana-López G, Da Silva NA, Tavares Brenol JC, Reyes-Llerena G, Pascual-Ramos V, Amigo MC, Massardo L, Alfaro-Lozano J, Segami MI, Esteva-Spinetti MH, Iglesias-Gamarra A, Pons-Estel BA. Features associated with hematologic abnormalities and their impact in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Data from a multiethnic Latin American cohort. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2015; 45:675-83. [PMID: 26698222 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine hematological manifestations' correlates and their impact on damage accrual and mortality in SLE patients from the multiethnic, Latin American, GLADEL cohort. METHODS In patients with recent SLE diagnosis (≤2 years), the association between follow-up hematological manifestations (per ACR criteria) and socio-demographic and clinical variables was examined by univariable and multivariable logistic regressions; their impact on damage accrual and mortality was examined by Poisson and Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses, respectively. RESULTS Of 1437 patients, 948 (66.0%) developed ≥1 hematological manifestation [5.5% hemolytic anemia (AHA), 16.3% thrombocytopenia, and 56.4% lymphopenia] over 4.3 (3.3) follow-up years. Younger age, Mestizo ethnicity, hematologic disorder (at/or before SLE diagnosis), and first damage recorded were associated with hematological manifestations while antimalarials were negatively associated. AHA (at/or before SLE diagnosis), anti-Sm, and anti-RNP antibodies were associated with subsequent AHA occurrence while musculoskeletal involvement was negatively associated. Thrombocytopenia (at/or before SLE diagnosis), AHA, anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPLs), anti-SSA/Ro, anti-SSB/La antibodies, and first damage recorded were associated with later thrombocytopenia occurrence. Lymphopenia (at/or before SLE diagnosis), younger age at diagnosis, Mestizo ethnicity, having medical insurance, and first damage recorded were associated with subsequent lymphopenia occurrence while antimalarials and azathioprine treatment were negatively associated. AHA was associated with damage accrual and mortality after adjusting for variables known to affect these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Mestizo ethnicity and early hematological manifestations are risk factors for their subsequent occurrence while antimalarials have a protective effect. The associations between AHA and aPLs and thrombocytopenia were corroborated. AHA contributes independently to damage accrual and diminished survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A González-Naranjo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Antioquia 229, Colombia.
| | | | - Graciela S Alarcón
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Manuel F Ugarte-Gil
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru; Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Daniel Jaramillo-Arroyave
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniel Wojdyla
- Escuela de Estadística, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Guillermo J Pons-Estel
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Institut Clínic de Medicina i Dermatologia, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Rondón-Herrera
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gloria M Vásquez-Duque
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Antioquia 229, Colombia
| | - Gerardo Quintana-López
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nilzio A Da Silva
- Rheumatology Unit, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - João C Tavares Brenol
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gil Reyes-Llerena
- Servicio Nacional de Reumatología, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas (CIMEQ), La Habana, Cuba
| | - Virginia Pascual-Ramos
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mary C Amigo
- Reumatología, Centro Médico ABC, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Loreto Massardo
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Alfaro-Lozano
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - María I Segami
- Hospital Nacional "Edgardo Rebagliatti Martins", Essalud, Lima, Peru
| | - María H Esteva-Spinetti
- Servicio de Reumatología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Central de San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal, Venezuela
| | - Antonio Iglesias-Gamarra
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Leukopenia, lymphopenia, and neutropenia in systemic lupus erythematosus: Prevalence and clinical impact—A systematic literature review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2015; 45:190-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abdel-Hafez MA, Abdel-Nabi H. Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: onset patterns and short-term outcome in Egyptian children, a single-center experience. Lupus 2015. [PMID: 26223297 DOI: 10.1177/0961203315598016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to define disease onset pattern and understand the response to therapy in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Egypt. METHODS A prospective cohort of 41 Egyptian children diagnosed with SLE was analyzed. SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score was used to record disease activity at onset, and renal biopsy was performed to define the stage of lupus nephritis. Response to therapy over a follow-up period ranging from 10 to 50 months was evaluated. RESULTS The mean age at diagnosis was 12.12 ± 3.45 years. Thirty-six (87.8%) patients were females. Most patients had multiple manifestations at onset. The most common presenting symptoms were pallor and fever (51.2% and 43.9%, respectively). Lupus nephritis was found in 27 (65.9%) children. International Society of Nephrology (ISN) classes I and III were the most common findings on renal biopsy. Neuropsychiatric manifestations were present at disease onset in 19 patients (46.3%) with a bad prognostic course. At diagnosis, high SLEDAI scores were recorded (mean: 29.95 ± 2.06). The mean renal SLEDAI score was 10.2 ± 4. At follow-up 16 (39.02%) patients were in complete remission, 10 (24.39%) were in partial remission, two (4.87%) had active disease, five (12.9%) had relapsed, four (9.75%) had died and four (9.75%) patients were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Egyptian children with SLE appear to have severe disease on presentation with high SLEDAI scores and high prevalence of lupus nephritis, but respond well to therapy with a favorable short-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Abdel-Hafez
- Tanta University, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Tanta University Hospital, Tanta, Egypt
| | - H Abdel-Nabi
- Tanta University, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Tanta University Hospital, Tanta, Egypt
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Affiliation(s)
- G R V Hughes
- London Lupus Centre, London Bridge Hospital, Tooley Street, London, UK
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Li WG, Ye ZZ, Yin ZH, Zhang K. Clinical and immunological characteristics in 552 systemic lupus erythematosus patients in a southern province of China. Int J Rheum Dis 2015; 20:68-75. [PMID: 25865002 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Hakka populations. METHODS We studied the demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics in a cohort of 552 SLE patients diagnosed at the Rheumatology Department in MeiZhou People's Hospital from January 2008 to December 2012. There were 495 women and 57 men (8.7 : 1) with a mean age of 35.3 years (range 12-78 years). The mean age at disease onset and the mean disease duration were 31.8 ± 14.4 years and 3.3 ± 2.8 years, respectively. RESULTS The most common clinical manifestations were arthritis (61.6%), followed by malar rash (52.7%), photosensitivity (22.8%), mouth ulcers (17.0%) and discoid lupus (14.7%). The prevalence was 46.7% for nephritis (by biopsy), 18.3% for pleuritis, 15.6% for pericarditis and 4.9% for neuropsychiatric manifestations. The most common hematological manifestations were anemia (63.8%), followed by leucopenia (29.0%) and thrombocytopenia (14.9%). Antinuclear antibodies were detected in 99.8% of patients, followed by anti-double-stranded DNA (81.3%), anti-SSA (Sjögren's syndrome antigen A)/Ro (58.7%), anti-ribonucleoprotein (36.8%), anti-Sm (35.7%), and anti-SSB/La (15.0%). Anti-cardiolipin immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM were detected in 18.3% and 14.1% of patients, respectively. Active disease and infections were the two major causes of death. CONCLUSION The clinical and immunological characteristics of the SLE patients in our study place our population in the middle of the spectrum between other Asian and Caucasian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Gen Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Ye
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Futian Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Yin
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Futian Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
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Alamoudi OSB, Attar SM. Pulmonary manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with disease activity. Respirology 2015; 20:474-80. [PMID: 25639532 PMCID: PMC4418345 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background and objective Although systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most common connective tissue disease affecting the lung, few studies have assessed risk factors that predict pulmonary manifestations. The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of lung manifestations in SLE patients from Western Saudi Arabia by analysing results from high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans and to identify independent risk factors for lung involvement. Methods This was a 10-year retrospective study involving 184 SLE patients. We examined all HRCT lung abnormalities and determined whether findings were associated with the presence of lupus nephritis (LN), SLE disease activity (as defined by SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 item scores ≥4 for any and all items) or levels of complement and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA). Results We identified 61 patients (33%) with pulmonary involvement, and 52 (85%) of these subjects showed HRCT abnormalities. The most common HRCT findings were pleural effusion, consolidation and atelectasis (58%, 42% and 42%, respectively). There was a significant association between abnormal HRCT results and hypocomplementemia, high levels of anti-dsDNA and disease activity (P < 0.05), particularly with regard to pleuropericardial effusion and consolidation. Pulmonary abnormalities were significantly higher within the first five years after SLE diagnosis (P < 0.001). However, neither disease duration nor LN was associated with increased risk. Conclusions Lung manifestations were frequent in SLE patients from Saudi Arabia, with pleural effusion, consolidation and atelectasis being the most common. Low complement levels, high anti-dsDNA levels and disease activity were significantly associated with abnormal HRCT findings (all P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer S B Alamoudi
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Hamdani MA, Saud Al-Arfaj AR, Parvez K, Naseeb F, Ibrahim AEF, Cal JH. Pulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with and without antiphospholipid syndrome. Pak J Med Sci 2015; 31:70-5. [PMID: 25878617 PMCID: PMC4386160 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.311.6544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To uncover the pulmonary manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients alone and to compare findings with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) associated with SLE. METHODS This cross sectional comparative study was carried out at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH)/King Saud University (KSU), a tertiary care hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. From June 2012 to March 2014, 96 diagnosed SLE patients with respiratory symptoms were included in the study and divided into two groups. Group one included SLE without antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and group two SLE with APS. We compared Demographic features, clinical manifestations and findings of chest X-Ray, Arterial Blood Gases, Pulmonary function tests, six minute walk test, ventilation perfusion scan, echocardiography and chest high resolution computed tomography. RESULTS Demographic and clinical characteristics of two groups were similar. Previous history of deep venous thrombosis (3% vs 27.6%, p=0.001), pulmonary embolism (3% vs34.5%, p<0.0001) and abortions (7.5% vs 27.6%, p=0.019) were significantly more in group two. Levels of Anticardiolipin antibody (0% vs 100%, p<0.0001) and lupus anticoagulant (1.5% vs 79.3%, p<0.0001) were also significantly higher in group two. Hypoxemia measured by pulse oximetry (43.3% vs 65.5% p=0.045, pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (15.5% vs 39.3% p=0.014)), and pulmonary embolism (3.4% vs 21.4% p=0.013) and ventilation perfusion mismatch on V/Q scan (1.5% vs 24.1% p=0.001) were more frequent in group two. CONCLUSION Hypoxemia, pulmonary embolism and pulmonary arterial hypertension were significantly high in SLE patients with APS, requiring long term anticoagulation and treatment and close follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Afzal Hamdani
- Muhammad Afzal Hamdani, FCPS, Dip-Card., MRCP. Senior Registrar, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Rahman Saud Al-Arfaj
- Abdul Rahman Saud Al-Arfaj, MRCP(UK), FRCPC, Professor of Rheumatology, American Board of Internal Medicine, American Board of Rheumatology. Department of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Parvez
- Khalid Parvez, FCPS. Registrar, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Naseeb
- Faisal Naseeb, FCPS. Registrar, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdalla El Fateh Ibrahim
- Dr. Abdalla El Fateh Ibrahim, MRCP. Assistant Professor of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph Hope Cal
- Joseph Hope Cal, FPCP, FPCCP. Registrar, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Watanabe R, Fujii H, Kamogawa Y, Nakamura K, Shirai T, Ishii T, Harigae H. Chronic Lupus Peritonitis Is Characterized by the Ascites with a Large Content of Interleukin-6. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2015; 235:289-94. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.235.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Watanabe
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Fujii
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yukiko Kamogawa
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kyohei Nakamura
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tsuyoshi Shirai
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomonori Ishii
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hideo Harigae
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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Familial clustering of systemic lupus erythematosus in the cayman islands. W INDIAN MED J 2014; 63:325-8. [PMID: 25429475 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2013.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the unusual clustering of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a family from the Cayman Islands. METHOD An observational retrospective study of SLE was done following an index case of mixed connective tissue disease in a 51-year old West Indian woman of African descent. Her two daughters of the same father, who is of Cayman Islands origin, were also diagnosed with SLE. A family tree was subsequently drawn up to 1890 to identify other cases in the same family. RESULTS There were 13 cases identified and all occurred between the 6th and the 8th generation. A family tree linked all cases to a man from the Cayman Islands who died in 1890. The nine cases with full medical records showed eight females and one male (8:1). The mean age at diagnosis was 29 years; polyarthritis occured in all nine patients (100%), kidney involvement in 6/9 (66.6%), skin rash in 6/9 (66.6%), pleuritis and pericarditis in 6/9 (66.6%) and anaemia in 6/9 (66.6%). The autoantibodies were mainly ANA in all patients (100%) and anti-dsDNA in 8/9 (88.8%). CONCLUSION The unusual extensive familial clustering in this study represents the first to be described in a West Indian population where SLE is most prevalent and may suggest a genetic predisposition.
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Abstract
Renal involvement is a common occurrence in subjects with rheumatological diseases and can develop either due to the disease itself or secondary to drugs used in the treatment. The prevalence of renal involvement and its severity depends on the underlying disease as well as aggressiveness of the therapy. For most rheumatological diseases, renal involvement heralds a poor prognosis and warrants aggressive immunosuppressive treatment. Thus, it is important to diagnose and manage them at an early stage. On the other hand, patients with primary kidney disease can also develop rheumatological manifestations which need to be differentiated from the former. This article provides the nephrologist's perspective upon various rheumatological disorders and associated renal involvement with the aim of sensitizing the rheumatological community about them, resulting in better management of these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Mittal
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Tazi Mezalek Z, Bono W. Challenges for lupus management in emerging countries. Presse Med 2014; 43:e209-20. [PMID: 24857588 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In emerging countries, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been associated with several unfavorable outcomes including disease activity, damage accrual, work disability and mortality. Poor socioeconomic status (SES) and lack of access to healthcare, especially in medically underserved communities, may be responsible for many of the observed disparities. Diagnostic delay of SLE or for severe organ damages (renal involvement) have a negative impact on those adverse outcomes in lupus patients who either belong to minority groups or live in emerging countries. Longitudinal and observational prospective studies and registries may help to identify the factors that influence poor SLE outcomes in emerging countries. Infection is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in SLE, particularly in low SES patients and tuberculosis appears to be frequent in SLE patients living in endemic areas (mainly emerging countries). Thus, tuberculosis screening should be systematically performed and prophylaxis discussed for patients from these areas. SLE treatment in the developing world is restricted by the availability and cost of some immunosuppressive drugs. Moreover, poor adherence has been associated to bad outcomes in lupus patients with a higher risk of flares, morbidity, hospitalization, and poor renal prognosis. Low education and the lack of money are identified as the main barrier to improve lupus prognosis. Newer therapeutic agents and new protocols had contributed to improve survival in SLE. The use of corticoid-sparing agents (hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetif) is one of the most useful strategy; availability of inexpensive generics may help to optimize access to these medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoubida Tazi Mezalek
- Université Mohamed V Souissi, Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, 10000 Rabat, Morocco; Ibn Sina University Hospital, internal medicine department, 10000 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Wafaa Bono
- Hassan II University Hospital, internal medicine and immunology Clinic, Fès, Morocco
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Fortuna G, Brennan MT. Systemic lupus erythematosus: epidemiology, pathophysiology, manifestations, and management. Dent Clin North Am 2014; 57:631-55. [PMID: 24034070 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by production of autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens, affecting several organs. Although cause is largely unknown, pathophysiology is attributed to several factors. Clinically, this disorder is characterized by periods of remission and relapse and may present with various constitutional and organ-specific symptoms. Diagnosis is achieved via clinical findings and laboratory examinations. Therapies are based on disease activity and severity. General treatment considerations include sun protection, diet and nutrition, smoking cessation, exercise, and appropriate immunization, whereas organ-specific treatments include use of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressive agents, and biologic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Fortuna
- Department of Oral Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
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