1
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Skrajnowska D, Bobrowska-Korczak B. The Effects of Diet, Dietary Supplements, Drugs and Exercise on Physical, Diagnostic Values of Urine Characteristics. Nutrients 2024; 16:3141. [PMID: 39339741 PMCID: PMC11434675 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This review summarizes the current knowledge about factors that affect the physical characteristics of urine. It highlights proper urine sample collection and displays factors like diet, hydration status, and medications that can alter urine color, odor, clarity, specific gravity and pH. Results: Urinalysis is a minimally invasive examination of a patient's health, especially concerning nephrological and endocrinological abnormalities, as well as dietary habits and stimulants used. Certain deviations in appearance, composition or frequency/pain during urination may indicate an ongoing disease process in the body. Based on laboratory results, further medical treatment is determined. The reason for a change in the color of the urine, for its clouding or intense odor may be a disease, as well as the consumption of food, medication, intensive physical exercise or inadequate hydration of the body. Well-standardized procedures for collecting, transporting, preparing and analyzing samples should become the basis for an effective diagnostic strategy in urinalysis. It is worth noting that pharmacists in pharmaceutical care are often the first people to whom a patient turns for health advice and for the interpretation of simple laboratory tests. Acquiring the ability to interpret the results of laboratory tests and the principles of proper sampling for laboratory tests is indispensable in the process of possible counseling and providing reliable answers to patients' questions. Conclusions: Although urinalysis is not recommended as a routine screening tool for the general population, it can prove to be a valuable source of patient health data in some cases as the data will be useful to physicians and pharmacists to more effectively diagnose and better care for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
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2
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Lagunay RAE, Adalim RRB, Tleubekova A, Suleimenova D, Fernandez MJF, O'Reilly RJ, Balanay MP. Trade-Off between Degradation Efficiency and Recyclability: Zeolite-Enhanced Ni 3-xCo xS 4 Catalyst for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue. Molecules 2024; 29:4167. [PMID: 39275015 PMCID: PMC11397304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
We herein report successful syntheses of both nickel cobalt sulfide (NCS) and its composite with zeolite (NCS@Z) using a solvothermal method. Techniques such as EDX analysis, SEM, and molar ratio determination were used for product characterization. The incorporation of NCS significantly changed the surface roughness and active sites of the zeolite, improving the efficiency of methylene blue degradation and its reusability, especially under UV irradiation. In comparing the pseudo-first order rates, the highest degradation efficiency of methylene blue was achieved with NCS-2@Z, having a degradation extent of 91.07% under UV irradiation. This environmentally friendly approach offers a promising solution for the remediation of methylene blue contamination in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Anne E Lagunay
- Department of Chemistry, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Department of Chemistry, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Ritche Roi B Adalim
- Department of Chemistry, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | | | - Diana Suleimenova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Department of Chemistry, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, 2 Satpayev St., Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Marvin Jose F Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Robert J O'Reilly
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Mannix P Balanay
- Department of Chemistry, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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3
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Bindra S, Bose K, Thekkantavida AC, Grace Thomas Parambi D, Alsahli TG, Pant M, Pappachen LK, Kim H, Mathew B. FDA-approved drugs containing dimethylamine pharmacophore: a review of the last 50 years. RSC Adv 2024; 14:27657-27696. [PMID: 39224646 PMCID: PMC11367245 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04730c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Dimethylamine (DMA) derivatives represent a promising class of compounds with significant potential in the field of medicinal chemistry. DMA derivatives exhibit a diverse range of pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial, antihistaminic, anticancer, and analgesic properties. Their unique chemical structure allows for the modulation of various biological targets, making them valuable candidates for the treatment of numerous diseases. Synthetic strategies for the preparation of DMA derivatives vary depending on the desired biological activity and target molecule. Common synthetic routes involve the modification of the DMA scaffold through functional group manipulation, scaffold hopping, or combinatorial chemistry approaches. Therapeutically, DMA derivatives have shown promise in the treatment of infectious diseases, especially bacterial infections. Additionally, by focusing on particular biochemical pathways involved in tumor growth and metastasis, DMA-based drugs have shown anticancer activity. In addition to their direct pharmacological effects, DMA derivatives can serve as valuable tools in drug delivery systems, prodrug design, and molecular imaging techniques, enhancing their utility in medicinal chemistry research. Overall, DMA derivatives represent a versatile class of compounds with immense potential in medicinal chemistry. Further research and development efforts are warranted to explore their full therapeutic capabilities and optimize their clinical utility in the treatment of various diseases. This article outlines the pharmacological properties, synthetic strategies, and therapeutic applications of DMA derivatives of FDA approved drugs, highlighting their importance in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Bindra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita Health Science Campus Kochi 682041 India
| | - Kuntal Bose
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita Health Science Campus Kochi 682041 India
| | - Amrutha Chandran Thekkantavida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita Health Science Campus Kochi 682041 India
| | - Della Grace Thomas Parambi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University Sakaka Aljouf 72341 Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq G Alsahli
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University Sakaka Aljouf 72341 Saudi Arabia
| | - Manu Pant
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun 248002 India
- Graphic Era Hill University (Deemed to be University) Clement Town Dehradun 248002 India
| | - Leena K Pappachen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita Health Science Campus Kochi 682041 India
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University Suncheon 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita Health Science Campus Kochi 682041 India
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4
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Imhof D, Hänggeli KPA, De Sousa MCF, Vigneswaran A, Hofmann L, Amdouni Y, Boubaker G, Müller J, Hemphill A. Working towards the development of vaccines and chemotherapeutics against neosporosis-With all of its ups and downs-Looking ahead. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2024; 124:91-154. [PMID: 38754928 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan and obligatory intracellular parasite, which is the leading cause of reproductive failure in cattle and affects other farm and domestic animals, but also induces neuromuscular disease in dogs of all ages. In cattle, neosporosis is an important health problem, and has a considerable economic impact. To date there is no protective vaccine or chemotherapeutic treatment on the market. Immuno-prophylaxis has long been considered as the best control measure. Proteins involved in host cell interaction and invasion, as well as antigens mediating inflammatory responses have been the most frequently assessed vaccine targets. However, despite considerable efforts no effective vaccine has been introduced to the market to date. The development of effective compounds to limit the effects of vertical transmission of N. caninum tachyzoites has emerged as an alternative or addition to vaccination, provided suitable targets and safe and efficacious drugs can be identified. Additionally, the combination of both treatment strategies might be interesting to further increase protectivity against N. caninum infections and to decrease the duration of treatment and the risk of potential drug resistance. Well-established and standardized animal infection models are key factors for the evaluation of promising vaccine and compound candidates. The vast majority of experimental animal experiments concerning neosporosis have been performed in mice, although in recent years the numbers of experimental studies in cattle and sheep have increased. In this review, we discuss the recent findings concerning the progress in drug and vaccine development against N. caninum infections in mice and ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Imhof
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Kai Pascal Alexander Hänggeli
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Cristina Ferreira De Sousa
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anitha Vigneswaran
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Larissa Hofmann
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yosra Amdouni
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ghalia Boubaker
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Müller
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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5
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Taldaev A, Terekhov R, Nikitin I, Melnik E, Kuzina V, Klochko M, Reshetov I, Shiryaev A, Loschenov V, Ramenskaya G. Methylene blue in anticancer photodynamic therapy: systematic review of preclinical studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1264961. [PMID: 37841915 PMCID: PMC10568458 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1264961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Methylene blue has a long history of clinical application. Thanks to phenothiazine chromophore, it has potential in photodynamic anticancer therapy. In spite of the growing body of literature that has evaluated the action of this dye on different types of cancer, the systematic understanding of this problem is still lacking. Therefore, this systematic review was performed to study the efficacy of methylene blue in photodynamic anticancer therapy. Methods: This systematic review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and the study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022368738). Articles for the systematic review were identified through the PubMed database. SYRCLE's risk of bias tool was used to assess the studies. The results of systematic analysis are presented as narrative synthesis. Results: Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and these full texts were reviewed. In the selected articles, the dosage of dye infusion ranged from 0.04 to 24.12 mg/kg. The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy with methylene blue against different types of cancer was confirmed by a decrease in tumor sizes in seven articles. Conclusion: The results of the systematic review support the suggestions that photodynamic therapy with methylene blue helps against different types of cancer, including colorectal tumor, carcinoma, and melanoma. In cases of nanopharmaceutics use, a considerable increase of anticancer therapy effectiveness was observed. The further research into methylene blue in photodynamic anticancer therapy is needed. Systematic Review Registration: (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=368738), identifier (CRD42022368738).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Taldaev
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Roman Terekhov
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Nikitin
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Melnik
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera Kuzina
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Klochko
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Reshetov
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Reconstructive Surgery, University Clinical Hospital No. 1, Levshin Institute of Cluster Oncology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Shiryaev
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Reconstructive Surgery, University Clinical Hospital No. 1, Levshin Institute of Cluster Oncology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Loschenov
- Department of Laser Micro-Nano and Biotechnology, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Ramenskaya
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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6
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Abdel-Salam OME, Sayed MAEBM, Omara EA, Sleem AA. Cardioprotection by methylene Blue Against Epinephrine-Induced Cardiac Arrhythmias and Myocardial Injury. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE 2023; 20:64-72. [DOI: 10.37394/23208.2023.20.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Methylene blue is used in the treatment of vasoplegic syndrome after cardiac surgery, anaphylaxis, and septic shock refractory to epinephrine and fluid resuscitation. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effect of methylene blue on the development of cardiac arrhythmias after injection of epinephrine in rats. Methylene blue was given intraperitoneally at doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg. Cardiac arrhythmia was then induced with 10 μg/kg of epinephrine intravenously. In untreated, control rats, epinephrine caused bradycardia (96.48 ± 1.06 vs. 365.03 ± 0.68 beats/min), increased PR interval (0.54 ± 0.04 vs. 0.039 ± 0.004), RR interval (0.64 ± 0.003 vs. 0.16 ± 0.004 sec), shortened QTc interval (0.067 ± 0.05 vs. 0.1 ± 0.004 sec), increased QRS duration (0.048 ± 0.005 vs. 0.028 ± 0.002 sec), decreased R wave amplitude (0.3 ± 0.03 vs. 0.49 ± 0.04 mv), decreased the height of the ST segment (-0.0696 ± 0.004 vs. -0.0054 ± 0.003 mv), and caused ventricular extrasystoles (7.92 ± 0.56 vs. 0.5 ± 0.5). Methylene blue given at 50 or 100 mg/kg increased the heart rate, decreased RR interval, QRS duration and the drop in the ST height, increased duration of QTc interval and R wave amplitude and decreased the number of extrasystoles. The histological study showed that methylene blue protected against myocardial structural disorganization, cellular damage, necrosis, and haemorrhage between muscle fibres induced by epinephrine injection. We conclude that methylene blue dose-dependently prevented epinephrine-induced arrhythmias and cardiac muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M. E. Abdel-Salam
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, EGYPT
| | | | - Enayat A Omara
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, EGYPT
| | - Amany A. Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, EGYPT
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7
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Neuroprotective effects of methylene blue in streptozotocin-induced model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2023; 1805:148290. [PMID: 36804486 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) can be used as a multidirectional neuroprotector to stop the development of multiple cascades of neuron damage during neurodegenerative processes. This study assesses a protective effect of MB, using an experimental simulation of sporadic Alzheimer's disease by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. It was found that a STZ-induced impairment of memory can be partially mitigated with intravenous injections of MB after the administration of STZ. The treatment of animals with MB prevented the STZ-induced increase in the number and density of microglial and GFAP-positive cells in the brain cortex. In addition, it was shown that the expression of the LC3B protein, an indicator of autophagy, increases in the hippocampus of animals treated with STZ. In the hippocampus of animals treated with MB, an increase in the expression of the LC3B protein was prevented. Using the Griess reaction assay and immunocytochemical study was found that MB reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced NO-production and the expression of iNOS in cultured neurons. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that MB has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects and is able to prevent autophagy. These effects have important therapeutic implications, so MB could potentially play a role in the treatment of neurodegenerative processes.
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8
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A H, C PP, Mary Y, G ST, Raghunandan R. Spectral, Thermal, Structural, and DFT studies of New Luminescent Heterobimetallic MOF of Lead and Sodium based on Diglycolic acid ligand having unusual coordination environment for Photodegradation and Antibacterial applications. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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9
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Nitzsche B, Höpfner M, Biersack B. Synthetic Small Molecule Modulators of Hsp70 and Hsp40 Chaperones as Promising Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4083. [PMID: 36835501 PMCID: PMC9964478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A class of chaperones dubbed heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) possesses high relevance in cancer diseases due to its cooperative activity with the well-established anticancer target Hsp90. However, Hsp70 is closely connected with a smaller heat shock protein, Hsp40, forming a formidable Hsp70-Hsp40 axis in various cancers, which serves as a suitable target for anticancer drug design. This review summarizes the current state and the recent developments in the field of (semi-)synthetic small molecule inhibitors directed against Hsp70 and Hsp40. The medicinal chemistry and anticancer potential of pertinent inhibitors are discussed. Since Hsp90 inhibitors have entered clinical trials but have exhibited severe adverse effects and drug resistance formation, potent Hsp70 and Hsp40 inhibitors may play a significant role in overcoming the drawbacks of Hsp90 inhibitors and other approved anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Nitzsche
- Institute for Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Institute for Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organische Chemie 1, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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10
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Fabbri C, Quaresma Ramos G, Clarys Baia-da-Silva D, Oliveira Trindade A, Carlos Salazar-Alvarez L, Costa Ferreira Neves J, dos Santos Bastos I, Guimarães Costa A, Vinicius Guimarães Lacerda M, Marcelo Monteiro W, Trindade Maranhão Costa F, Costa Pinto Lopes S. The activity of methylene blue against asexual and sexual stages of Plasmodium vivax. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1108366. [PMID: 37143740 PMCID: PMC10152470 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1108366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) is an alternative for combating drug-resistant malaria parasites. Its transmission-blocking potential has been demonstrated in vivo in murine models, in vitro, and in clinical trials. MB shows high efficacy against Plasmodium vivax asexual stages; however, its efficacy in sexual stages is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the potential of MB against asexual and sexual forms of P. vivax isolated from the blood of patients residing in the Brazilian Amazon. An ex vivo schizont maturation assay, zygote to ookinete transformation assay, direct membrane feed assay (DMFA), and standard membrane feed assay (SMFA) using P. vivax gametocytes with MB exposure were performed. A cytotoxicity assay was also performed on freshly collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the hepatocyte carcinoma cell line HepG2. MB inhibited the P. vivax schizont maturation and demonstrated an IC50 lower than that of chloroquine (control drug). In the sexual forms, the MB demonstrated a high level of inhibition in the transformation of the zygotes into ookinetes. In the DMFA, MB did not considerably affect the infection rate and showed low inhibition, but it demonstrated a slight decrease in the infection intensity in all tested concentrations. In contrast, in the SMFA, MB was able to completely block the transmission at the highest concentration (20 µM). MB demonstrated low cytotoxicity to fresh PBMCs but demonstrated higher cytotoxicity to the hepatocyte carcinoma cell line HepG2. These results show that MB may be a potential drug for vivax malaria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fabbri
- Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Camila Fabbri, ; Stefanie Costa Pinto Lopes,
| | - Glenda Quaresma Ramos
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Multiusuário para Análise de Fenômenos Biomédicos da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Djane Clarys Baia-da-Silva
- Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Carlos Salazar-Alvarez
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Juliana Costa Ferreira Neves
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ivanildes dos Santos Bastos
- Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Allyson Guimarães Costa
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Guimarães Lacerda
- Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Stefanie Costa Pinto Lopes
- Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Camila Fabbri, ; Stefanie Costa Pinto Lopes,
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11
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Saison N, Franetich JF, Pinilla YT, Hoffmann A, Boussougou-Sambe ST, Ngossanga B, Tefit M, Ashraf K, Amanzougaghene N, Tajeri S, Adegnika AA, Mazier D, Borrmann S. Rapid and Specific Action of Methylene Blue against Plasmodium Transmission Stages. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122794. [PMID: 36559287 PMCID: PMC9786052 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) is the oldest synthetic anti-infective. Its high potency against asexual and sexual stages of malaria parasites is well documented. This study aimed to investigate possible additional activities of MB in interfering with parasite transmission and determine target stages in Anopheles vectors and humans. MB's transmission-blocking activity was first evaluated by an ex vivo direct membrane feeding assay (DMFA) using Plasmodium falciparum field isolates. To investigate anti-mosquito stage activity, Plasmodium berghei-infected Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes were fed a second blood meal on mice that had been treated with methylene blue, 3, 6- and 15-days after the initial infectious blood meal. Anti-sporozoite and liver stage activities were evaluated in vitro and in vivo via sporozoite invasion and liver stage development assays, respectively. MB exhibited a robust inhibition of P. falciparum transmission in An. gambiae, even when added shortly before the DMFA but only a moderate effect against P. berghei oocyst development. Exposure of mature P. berghei and P. falciparum sporozoites to MB blocked hepatocyte invasion, yet P. berghei liver stage development was unaffected by MB. Our results indicate previously underappreciated rapid specific activities of methylene blue against Plasmodium transmission stages, preventing the establishment of both mosquito midgut and liver infections as the first essential steps in both hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanaël Saison
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné 1437, Gabon
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jean-François Franetich
- Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, U1135, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Yudi T. Pinilla
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anton Hoffmann
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné 1437, Gabon
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stravensky T. Boussougou-Sambe
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné 1437, Gabon
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Maurel Tefit
- Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, U1135, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Kutub Ashraf
- Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, U1135, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Amanzougaghene
- Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, U1135, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Shahin Tajeri
- Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, U1135, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Ayola A. Adegnika
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné 1437, Gabon
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dominique Mazier
- Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, U1135, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Steffen Borrmann
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné 1437, Gabon
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-707129-85428
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12
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Investigation of Sonosensitizers Based on Phenothiazinium Photosensitizers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The main advantage of sonodynamic therapy (SDT), the combining of ultrasound with a sonosensitizer, over photodynamic therapy (PDT) is that ultrasound penetrates deeper into tissues to activate the sonosensitizer, which offers noninvasive therapy for tumors in a site-oriented approach. In this study, we synthesized two symmetrical phenothiazine derivatives in which the methyl groups of MB (methylene blue) have been replaced by a hexyl and hydroxyethyl chains, named 3,7-bis(dihexylamino)-phenothiazin-5-ium iodide (MB6C) and 3,7-bis(di(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-phenothiazin-5-ium iodide (MBOH), respectively. We explore the efficiency differences between PDT and SDT induced by these phenothiazine derivatives based on the standard of methylene blue (MB). Spectral studies indicate that these MB analogs exhibit sonosensitization ability with a similar tendency to the photosensitization ability. This means that MB, MBOH, and MB6C can be potential photosensitizers and sonosensitizers. After biological evaluation, we conclude that compound MB6C is a potential PDT and SDT candidate because it exhibits higher uptake, efficient intracellular phototoxicity and sonotoxicity over MB and MBOH, with IC50 values of ~2.5 µM and ~5 µM, respectively.
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13
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Chang Song W, Kim B, Young Park S, Park G, Oh JW. Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Sargassum horneri extract as catalyst for industrial dye degradation. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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14
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Zargoosh K, Ashrafzade S, Afshari M, Dinari M, Moradi Aliabadi H. Comparative study on the adsorption characteristics of a
triazine‐Si
hybrid polymer adsorbent and the natural adsorbents for removal of methylene blue from industrial wastewaters. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiomars Zargoosh
- Department of Chemistry Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sheida Ashrafzade
- Department of Chemistry Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Afshari
- Department of Chemistry Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Dinari
- Department of Chemistry Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Islamic Republic of Iran
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15
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Chen K, Wang M, Su Y. Foreign body removal with the assistance of ultrasound guidance and methylene blue staining in children-a cohort study. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2022; 46:1831-1838. [PMID: 35536367 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-022-05427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soft tissue foreign bodies (FBs) are very commonly observed in paediatric emergency departments. Not all FBs can be removed effectively, even via open surgery and image intensifier guidance. In the current study, we evaluated the efficiency of FB removal with the assistance of ultrasound (US) and methylene blue (MB) staining. METHODS We enrolled 80 patients at our clinical center between May 2016 and December 2020. Eleven patients were operated upon with the assistance of US guidance and MB and were defined as group A; the other 69 patients were defined as group B. For the patients in group A, US was first used to locate the FB; MB was then injected next to the FB. Open surgery was subsequently performed. For group B, the FBs were removed by conventional methods. The surgical outcomes were evaluated according to surgical duration, incision infection rates, radiograph exposure times, and FB residue rates. RESULTS The average surgery time for group A was 0.35 ± 0.10 hours; the corresponding time was 0.49 ± 0.50 hours in group B and there was a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.032). The radiograph exposure times were 1.33 ± 0.34 in group A and 4.65 ± 1.81 times in group B (p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that assistance of US and MB staining is a more efficient approach compared with traditional methods for FB removal, and this surgical method can be used effectively for FB removal in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Orthopedics Department, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District Zhongshan 2road 136#, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District Zhongshan 2road 136#, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District Zhongshan 2road 136#, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District Zhongshan 2road 136#, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglei Wang
- Orthopedics Department, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District Zhongshan 2road 136#, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District Zhongshan 2road 136#, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District Zhongshan 2road 136#, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District Zhongshan 2road 136#, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Su
- Orthopedics Department, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District Zhongshan 2road 136#, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District Zhongshan 2road 136#, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District Zhongshan 2road 136#, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China. .,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District Zhongshan 2road 136#, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Egwu CO, Pério P, Augereau JM, Tsamesidis I, Benoit-Vical F, Reybier K. Resistance to artemisinin in falciparum malaria parasites: A redox-mediated phenomenon. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:317-327. [PMID: 34416340 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains a major public health disease due to its high yearly mortality and morbidity. Resistance to the gold standard drug, artemisinin, is worrisome and needs better understanding in order to be overcome. In this work, we sought to study whether redox processes are involved in artemisinin resistance. As artemisinin is known to act among others via production of reactive species, we first compared the production of reactive oxygen species and concomitant protein oxidation in artemisinin-sensitive and artemisinin-resistant parasites when treated with artemisinin. The results undoubtedly demonstrated, using different original methods, that the level of ROS, including superoxide production, and oxidized protein were lower in the resistant strain. Interestingly, the major in-between strain difference was reported at the earlier ring stages, which are the forms able to enter in a quiescence state according to the ART resistance phenomenon. Moreover, we demonstrated a better homeostasis regulation in relation with higher expression of antioxidants in the artemisinin-resistant parasites than their sensitive counterparts after artemisinin exposure, notably, superoxide dismutase and the glutathione (GSH) system. These findings enrich the body of knowledges about the multifaceted mechanism of artemisinin resistance and will help in the design and development of newer antimalarials strategies active against resistant parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu O Egwu
- PharmaDev, UMR 152, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, 31400, France; Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; LCC-CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France; MAAP, Inserm ERL 1289, New Antimalarial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches, Toulouse, France; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Pierre Pério
- PharmaDev, UMR 152, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, 31400, France
| | - Jean-Michel Augereau
- LCC-CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France; MAAP, Inserm ERL 1289, New Antimalarial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches, Toulouse, France; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Ioannis Tsamesidis
- PharmaDev, UMR 152, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, 31400, France
| | - Françoise Benoit-Vical
- LCC-CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France; MAAP, Inserm ERL 1289, New Antimalarial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches, Toulouse, France; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France.
| | - Karine Reybier
- PharmaDev, UMR 152, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, 31400, France.
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17
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Murer L, Volle R, Andriasyan V, Petkidis A, Gomez-Gonzalez A, Yang L, Meili N, Suomalainen M, Bauer M, Policarpo Sequeira D, Olszewski D, Georgi F, Kuttler F, Turcatti G, Greber UF. Identification of broad anti-coronavirus chemical agents for repurposing against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. CURRENT RESEARCH IN VIROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 3:100019. [PMID: 35072124 PMCID: PMC8760634 DOI: 10.1016/j.crviro.2022.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Endemic human coronaviruses (hCoVs) 229E and OC43 cause respiratory disease with recurrent infections, while severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 spreads across the world with impact on health and societies. Here, we report an image-based multicycle infection procedure with α-coronavirus hCoV-229E-eGFP in an arrayed chemical library screen of 5440 clinical and preclinical compounds. Toxicity counter selection and challenge with the β-coronaviruses OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 in tissue culture and human airway epithelial explant cultures (HAEEC) identified four FDA-approved compounds with oral availability. Methylene blue (MB, used for the treatment of methemoglobinemia), Mycophenolic acid (MPA, used in organ transplantation) and the anti-fungal agent Posaconazole (POS) had the broadest anti-CoV spectrum. They inhibited the shedding of SARS-CoV-2 and variants-of-concern (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) from HAEEC in either pre- or post exposure regimens at clinically relevant concentrations. Co-treatment of cultured cells with MB and the FDA-approved SARS-CoV-2 RNA-polymerase inhibitor Remdesivir reduced the effective anti-viral concentrations of MB by 2-fold, and Remdesivir by 4 to 10-fold, indicated by BLISS independence synergy modelling. Neither MB, nor MPA, nor POS affected the cell delivery of SARS-CoV-2 or OC43 (+)sense RNA, but blocked subsequent viral RNA accumulation in cells. Unlike Remdesivir, MB, MPA or POS did not reduce the release of viral RNA in post exposure regimen, thus indicating infection inhibition at a post-replicating step as well. In summary, the data emphasize the power of unbiased, full cycle compound screens to identify and repurpose broadly acting drugs against coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Murer
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Romain Volle
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vardan Andriasyan
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Petkidis
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alfonso Gomez-Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Liliane Yang
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Meili
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maarit Suomalainen
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Policarpo Sequeira
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Olszewski
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Georgi
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Kuttler
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 15, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerardo Turcatti
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 15, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Urs F Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Abstract
The unavailability of clean drinking water is one of the significant health issues in modern times. Industrial dyes are one of the dominant chemicals that make water unfit for drinking. Among these dyes, methylene blue (MB) is toxic, carcinogenic, and non-biodegradable and can cause a severe threat to human health and environmental safety. It is usually released in natural water sources, which becomes a health threat to human beings and living organisms. Hence, there is a need to develop an environmentally friendly, efficient technology for removing MB from wastewater. Photodegradation is an advanced oxidation process widely used for MB removal. It has the advantages of complete mineralization of dye into simple and nontoxic species with the potential to decrease the processing cost. This review provides a tutorial basis for the readers working in the dye degradation research area. We not only covered the basic principles of the process but also provided a wide range of previously published work on advanced photocatalytic systems (single-component and multi-component photocatalysts). Our study has focused on critical parameters that can affect the photodegradation rate of MB, such as photocatalyst type and loading, irradiation reaction time, pH of reaction media, initial concentration of dye, radical scavengers and oxidising agents. The photodegradation mechanism, reaction pathways, intermediate products, and final products of MB are also summarized. An overview of the future perspectives to utilize MB at an industrial scale is also provided. This paper identifies strategies for the development of effective MB photodegradation systems.
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19
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Dalla Tiezza M, Hamlin TA, Bickelhaupt FM, Orian L. Radical Scavenging Potential of the Phenothiazine Scaffold: A Computational Analysis. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3763-3771. [PMID: 34536069 PMCID: PMC9292796 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of phenothiazine (PS), phenoselenazine (PSE), and phenotellurazine (PTE) with different reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been studied using density functional theory (DFT) in combination with the QM-ORSA (Quantum Mechanics-based Test for Overall Free Radical Scavenging Activity) protocol for an accurate kinetic rate calculation. Four radical scavenging mechanisms have been screened, namely hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), radical adduct formation (RAF), single electron transfer (SET), and the direct oxidation of the chalcogen atom. The chosen ROS are HO. , HOO. , and CH3 OO. . PS, PSE, and PTE exhibit an excellent antioxidant activity in water regardless of the ROS due to their characteristic diffusion-controlled regime processes. For the HO. radical, the primary active reaction mechanism is, for all antioxidants, RAF. But, for HOO. and CH3 OO. , the dominant mechanism strongly depends on the antioxidant: HAT for PS and PSE, and SET for PTE. The scavenging efficiency decreases dramatically in lipid environment and remains only significant (via RAF) for the most reactive radical (HO. ). Therefore, PS, PSE, and PTE are excellent antioxidant molecules, especially in aqueous, physiological environments where they are active against a broad spectrum of harmful radicals. There is no advantage or significant difference in the scavenging efficiency when changing the chalcogen since the reactivity mainly derives from the amino hydrogen and the aromatic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dalla Tiezza
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità degli Studi di PadovaVia Marzolo 135131PadovaItaly
| | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM)Radboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità degli Studi di PadovaVia Marzolo 135131PadovaItaly
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20
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Reactive Oxygen Species as the Brainbox in Malaria Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121872. [PMID: 34942976 PMCID: PMC8698694 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several measures are in place to combat the worldwide spread of malaria, especially in regions of high endemicity. In part, most common antimalarials, such as quinolines and artemisinin and its derivatives, deploy an ROS-mediated approach to kill malaria parasites. Although some antimalarials may share similar targets and mechanisms of action, varying levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation may account for their varying pharmacological activities. Regardless of the numerous approaches employed currently and in development to treat malaria, concerningly, there has been increasing development of resistance by Plasmodium falciparum, which can be connected to the ability of the parasites to manage the oxidative stress from ROS produced under steady or treatment states. ROS generation has remained the mainstay in enforcing the antiparasitic activity of most conventional antimalarials. However, a combination of conventional drugs with ROS-generating ability and newer drugs that exploit vital metabolic pathways, such antioxidant machinery, could be the way forward in effective malaria control.
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21
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Lim DJ. Methylene Blue-Based Nano and Microparticles: Fabrication and Applications in Photodynamic Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3955. [PMID: 34833254 PMCID: PMC8618133 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) has been used in the textile industry since it was first extracted by the German chemist Heinrich Caro. Its pharmacological properties have also been applied toward the treatment of certain diseases such as methemoglobinemia, ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy, and thyroid conditions requiring surgery. Recently, the utilization of MB as a safe photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received attention. Recent findings demonstrate that photoactivated MB exhibits not only anticancer activity but also antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo. However, due to the hydrophilic nature of MB, it is difficult to create MB-embedded nano- or microparticles capable of increasing the clinical efficacy of the PDT. This review aims to summarize fabrication techniques for MB-embedded nano and microparticles and to provide both in vitro and in vivo examples of MB-mediated PDT, thereby offering a future perspective on improving this promising clinical treatment modality. We also address examples of MB-mediated PDT in both cancer and infection treatments. Both in-vitro and in-vivo studies are summarized here to document recent trends in utilizing MB as an effective photosensitizer in PDT. Lastly, we discuss how developing efficient MB-carrying nano- and microparticle platforms would be able to increase the benefits of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jin Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0012, USA
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22
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Venancio-Brochi JC, Pereira LM, Calil FA, Teixeira O, Baroni L, Abreu-Filho PG, Braga GÚL, Nonato MC, Yatsuda AP. Glutathione reductase: A cytoplasmic antioxidant enzyme and a potential target for phenothiazinium dyes in Neospora caninum. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:964-975. [PMID: 34310993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum causes heavy losses related to abortions in bovine cattle. This parasite developed a complex defense redox system, composed of enzymes as glutathione reductase (GR). Methylene blue (MB) impairs the activity of recombinant form of Plasmodium GR and inhibits the parasite proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Likewise, MB and its derivatives inhibits Neospora caninum proliferation, however, whether the MB mechanism of action is correlated to GR function remains unclear. Therefore, here, N. caninum GR (NcGR) was characterized and its potential inhibitors were determined. NcGR was found in the tachyzoite cytosol and has a similar structure and sequence compared to its homologs. We verified the in vitro activity of rNcGR (875 nM) following NADPH absorbance at 340 nM (100 mM KH2PO4, pH 7.5, 1 mM EDTA, ionic strength: 600 mM, 25 °C). rNcGR exhibited a Michaelian behavior (Km(GSSG):0.10 ± 0.02 mM; kcat(GSSG):0.076 ± 0.003 s-1; Km(NADPH):0.006 ± 0.001 mM; kcat(NADPH): 0.080 ± 0.003 s-1). The IC50 of MB,1,9-dimethyl methylene blue, new methylene blue, and toluidine blue O on rNcGR activity were 2.1 ± 0.2 μM, 11 ± 2 μM, 0.7 ± 0.1 μM, and 0.9 ± 0.2 μM, respectively. Our results suggest the importance of NcGR in N. caninum biology and antioxidant mechanisms. Moreover, data presented here strongly suggest that NcGR is an important target of phenothiazinium dyes in N. caninum proliferation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Cabestre Venancio-Brochi
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz Miguel Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe Antunes Calil
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, School of Medicine, 92093-0669 La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olívia Teixeira
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Péricles Gama Abreu-Filho
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Úbida Leite Braga
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Nonato
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Patrícia Yatsuda
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Dabholkar N, Gorantla S, Dubey SK, Alexander A, Taliyan R, Singhvi G. Repurposing methylene blue in the management of COVID-19: Mechanistic aspects and clinical investigations. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112023. [PMID: 34399199 PMCID: PMC8352658 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the most recent coronaviruses, which has infected humans, and caused the disease COVID-19. The World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 as a pandemic in March 2020. The SARS-CoV-2 enters human hosts majorly via the respiratory tract, affecting the lungs first. In few critical cases, the infection progresses to failure of the respiratory system known as acute respiratory distress syndrome acute respiratory distress syndrome may be further associated with multi-organ failure and vasoplegic shock. Currently, the treatment of COVID-19 involves use of antiviral and anti-cytokine drugs. However, both the drugs have low efficacy because they cannot inhibit the production of free radicals and cytokines at the same time. Recently, some researchers have reported the use of methylene blue (MB) in COVID-19 management. MB has been used since a long time as a therapeutic agent, and has been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of other diseases. The additional advantage of MB is its low cost. MB is a safe drug when used in the dose of < 2 mg/kg. In this review, the applicability of MB in COVID-19 and its mechanistic aspects have been explored and compiled. The clinical studies have been explained in great detail. Thus, the potential of MB in the management of COVID-19 has been examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dabholkar
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Srividya Gorantla
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Medical Research, R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, Kolkata, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
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Spectroscopic Measurement of Methylene Blue Distribution in Organs and Tissues of Hamadryas Baboons during Oral Administration. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8080294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
New research on Methylene Blue (MB), carried out in 2020, shows that it can be an effective antiviral drug as part of COVID-19 treatment. According to the research findings, MB has potential as a direct antiviral drug for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in the first stages of the disease. However, the MB accumulation by various types of tissues, as well as by immune cells, has not been previously studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to obtain spectral data on the interstitial distribution of the administered drug in endothelial tissues in primates. The data on interstitial MB distribution obtained by spectroscopic measurement at both macro- and microlevels during oral administration to Hamadryas baboon individuals demonstrate that MB accumulates in mucous membranes of gastrointestinal tract and the tissues of the respiratory, cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. Additionally, it was found that MB was present in lung and brain myeloid cells in significant concentrations, which makes it potentially useful for protection from autoimmune response (cytokine storm) and as a tool for the correction of immunocompetent cells’ functional state during laser irradiation. Since the cytokine storm starts from monocytic cells during SARS-CoV-2 cellular damage and since tumor-associated macrophages can significantly alter tumor metabolism, accumulation of MB in these cells provides a reason to conclude that the immune response correction in COVID-19 patients and change in macrophages phenotype can be achieved by deactivation of inflammatory macrophages in tissues with MB using laser radiation of red spectral range.
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Broichhagen J, Kilian N. Chemical Biology Tools To Investigate Malaria Parasites. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2219-2236. [PMID: 33570245 PMCID: PMC8360121 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases like malaria tropica have been shaping human evolution and history since the beginning of mankind. After infection, the response of the human host ranges from asymptomatic to severe and may culminate in death. Therefore, proper examination of the parasite's biology is pivotal to deciphering unique molecular, biochemical and cell biological processes, which in turn ensure the identification of treatment strategies, such as potent drug targets and vaccine candidates. However, implementing molecular biology methods for genetic manipulation proves to be difficult for many parasite model organisms. The development of fast and straightforward applicable alternatives, for instance small-molecule probes from the field of chemical biology, is essential. In this review, we will recapitulate the highlights of previous molecular and chemical biology approaches that have already created insight and understanding of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. We discuss current developments from the field of chemical biology and explore how their application could advance research into this parasite in the future. We anticipate that the described approaches will help to close knowledge gaps in the biology of P. falciparum and we hope that researchers will be inspired to use these methods to gain knowledge - with the aim of ending this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Broichhagen
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)Robert-Roessle-Strasse 1013125BerlinGermany
| | - Nicole Kilian
- Centre for Infectious DiseasesParasitologyHeidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 32469120HeidelbergGermany
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Evidence for in vitro and in vivo activity of the antimalarial pyronaridine against Schistosoma. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009511. [PMID: 34166393 PMCID: PMC8263063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis is highly prevalent in Africa. Praziquantel is effective against adult schistosomes but leaves prepatent stages unaffected—which is a limit to patient management and elimination. Given the large-scale use of praziquantel, development of drug resistance by Schistosoma is feared. Antimalarials are promising drugs for alternative treatment strategies of Schistosoma infections. Development of drugs with activity against both malaria and schistosomiasis is particularly appealing as schistosome infections often occur concomitantly with malaria parasites in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, antiplasmodial compounds were progressively tested against Schistosoma in vitro, in mice, and in a clinical study. Results Amongst 16 drugs and 1 control tested, pyronaridine, methylene blue and 5 other antimalarials were highly active in vitro against larval stage schistosomula with a 50% inhibitory concentration below 10 μM. Both drugs were lethal to ex vivo adult worms tested at 30 μM with methylene blue also active at 10 μM. Pyronaridine treatment of mice infected with S. mansoni at the prepatent stage reduced worm burden by 82% and cured 7 out of 12 animals, however in mice adult stages remained viable. In contrast, methylene blue inhibited adult worms by 60% but cure was not achieved. In an observational pilot trial in Gabon in children, the antimalarial drug combination pyronaridine-artesunate (Pyramax) reduced S. haematobium egg excretion from 10/10 ml urine to 0/10 ml urine, and 3 out of 4 children were cured. Conclusion Pyronaridine and methylene blue warrant further investigation as candidates for schistosomiasis treatment. Both compounds are approved for human use and evidence for their potential as antischistosomal compounds can be obtained directly from clinical testing. Particularly, pyronaridine-artesunate, already available as an antimalarial drug, calls for further clinical evaluation. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03201770. Praziquantel is still the only drug in use for the treatment of all Schistosoma spp. and is exclusively active against the adult life cycle stage, since schistosomes in the prepatent period of up to eight weeks are not affected by the drug. Although resistance to praziquantel has not been confirmed and its existence remains controversial, some countries have identified clinical schistosome isolates with reduced sensitivity to praziquantel, after deployment in mass drug administration programs. The need for a new antischistosomal compound is urgent, ideally exhibiting broad activity against all stages of the parasite’s life cycle present in humans. After testing a series of antiplasmodial compounds, the authors found that several compounds also exhibited antischistosomal activity at various life cycle stages of the worms, including pyronaridine and methylene blue, both compounds already approved for human use. A pilot trial with pyronaridine-artesunate done in Gabon showed the first promising results against Schistosoma infections.
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Rout UK, Sanket AS, Sisodia BS, Mohapatra PK, Pati S, Kant R, Dwivedi GR. A Comparative Review on Current and Future Drug Targets Against Bacteria & Malaria. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:736-775. [PMID: 31995004 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200129103618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Long before the discovery of drugs like 'antibiotic and anti-parasitic drugs', the infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and parasites remain as one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developing and underdeveloped countries. The phenomenon by which the organism exerts resistance against two or more structurally unrelated drugs is called multidrug resistance (MDR) and its emergence has further complicated the treatment scenario of infectious diseases. Resistance towards the available set of treatment options and poor pipeline of novel drug development puts an alarming situation. A universal goal in the post-genomic era is to identify novel targets/drugs for various life-threatening diseases caused by such pathogens. This review is conceptualized in the backdrop of drug resistance in two major pathogens i.e. "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" and "Plasmodium falciparum". In this review, the available targets and key mechanisms of resistance of these pathogens have been discussed in detail. An attempt has also been made to analyze the common drug targets of bacteria and malaria parasite to overcome the current drug resistance scenario. The solution is also hypothesized in terms of a present pipeline of drugs and efforts made by scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha K Rout
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | | | - Brijesh S Sisodia
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior-474 009, India
| | | | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Rajni Kant
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh- 273013, India
| | - Gaurav R Dwivedi
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh- 273013, India
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Lee SW, Han HC. Methylene Blue Application to Lessen Pain: Its Analgesic Effect and Mechanism. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:663650. [PMID: 34079436 PMCID: PMC8165385 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.663650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) is a cationic thiazine dye, widely used as a biological stain and chemical indicator. Growing evidence have revealed that MB functions to restore abnormal vasodilation and notably it is implicated even in pain relief. Physicians began to inject MB into degenerated disks to relieve pain in patients with chronic discogenic low back pain (CDLBP), and some of them achieved remarkable outcomes. For osteoarthritis and colitis, MB abates inflammation by suppressing nitric oxide production, and ultimately relieves pain. However, despite this clinical efficacy, MB has not attracted much public attention in terms of pain relief. Accordingly, this review focuses on how MB lessens pain, noting three major actions of this dye: anti-inflammation, sodium current reduction, and denervation. Moreover, we showed controversies over the efficacy of MB on CDLBP and raised also toxicity issues to look into the limitation of MB application. This analysis is the first attempt to illustrate its analgesic effects, which may offer a novel insight into MB as a pain-relief dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Won Lee
- Good Doctor Research Institute, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Chul Han
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Priyamvada L, Burgado J, Baker-Wagner M, Kitaygorodskyy A, Olson V, Lingappa VR, Satheshkumar PS. New methylene blue derivatives suggest novel anti-orthopoxviral strategies. Antiviral Res 2021; 191:105086. [PMID: 33992710 PMCID: PMC9629033 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Decades after the eradication of smallpox and the discontinuation of routine smallpox vaccination, over half of the world's population is immunologically naïve to variola virus and other orthopoxviruses (OPXVs). Even in those previously vaccinated against smallpox, protective immunity wanes over time. As such, there is a concomitant increase in the incidence of human OPXV infections worldwide. To identify novel antiviral compounds with potent anti-OPXV potential, we characterized the inhibitory activity of PAV-866 and other methylene blue derivatives against the prototypic poxvirus, vaccinia virus (VACV). These compounds inactivated virions prior to infection and consequently inhibited viral binding, fusion and entry. The compounds exhibited strong virucidal activity at non-cytotoxic concentrations, and inhibited VACV infection when added before, during or after viral adsorption. The compounds were effective against other OPXVs including monkeypox virus, cowpox virus and the newly identified Akhmeta virus. Altogether, these findings reveal a novel mode of inhibition that has not previously been demonstrated for small molecule compounds against VACV. Additional studies are in progress to determine the in vivo efficacy of these compounds against OPXVs and further characterize the anti-viral effects of these derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Priyamvada
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Jillybeth Burgado
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | | | | | - Victoria Olson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
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Thesnaar L, Bezuidenhout JJ, Petzer A, Petzer JP, Cloete TT. Methylene blue analogues: In vitro antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations and in silico pharmacophore modelling. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 157:105603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Gureev AP, Syromyatnikov MY, Ignatyeva DA, Valuyskikh VV, Solodskikh SA, Panevina AV, Gryaznova MV, Kokina AV, Popov VN. Effect of long-term methylene blue treatment on the composition of mouse gut microbiome and its relationship with the cognitive abilities of mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241784. [PMID: 33206681 PMCID: PMC7673545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, methylene blue (MB) has attracted considerable interest as a potential drug for the treatment of methemoglobinemia and neurodegenerative diseases. MB is active against microorganisms from various taxonomic groups. However, no studies have yet been conducted on the effect of MB on the intestinal microbiome of model animals. The aim of this work was to study the effect of different concentrations of MB on the mouse gut microbiome and its relationship with the cognitive abilities of mice. We showed that a low MB concentration (15 mg/kg/day) did not cause significant changes in the microbiome composition. The Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio decreased relative to the control on the 2nd and 3rd weeks. A slight decrease in the levels Actinobacteria was detected on the 3rd week of the experiment. Changes in the content of Delta, Gamma, and Epsilonproteobacteria have been also observed. We did not find significant alterations in the composition of intestinal microbiome, which could be an indication of the development of dysbiosis or other gut dysfunction. At the same time, a high concentration of MB (50 mg/kg/day) led to pronounced changes, primarily an increase in the levels of Delta, Gamma and Epsilonproteobacteria. Over 4 weeks of therapy, the treatment with high MB concentration has led to an increase in the median content of Proteobacteria to 7.49% vs. 1.61% in the control group. Finally, we found that MB at a concentration of 15 mg/kg/day improved the cognitive abilities of mice, while negative correlation between the content of Deferribacteres and cognitive parameters was revealed. Our data expand the understanding of the relationship between MB, cognitive abilities, and gut microbiome in respect to the antibacterial properties of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem P. Gureev
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu. Syromyatnikov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Innovative Recombinant Proteomics, All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Daria A. Ignatyeva
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Valeria V. Valuyskikh
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Solodskikh
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Anna V. Panevina
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Maria V. Gryaznova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Kokina
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Vasily N. Popov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
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Sharma HS, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Muresanu DF, Nozari A, Castellani RJ, Lafuente JV, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Protein kinase inhibitors in traumatic brain injury and repair: New roles of nanomedicine. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 258:233-283. [PMID: 33223036 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes physical injury to the cell membranes of neurons, glial and axons causing the release of several neurochemicals including glutamate and cytokines altering cell-signaling pathways. Upregulation of mitogen associated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) occurs that is largely responsible for cell death. The pharmacological blockade of these pathways results in cell survival. In this review role of several protein kinase inhibitors on TBI induced oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier breakdown, brain edema formation, and resulting brain pathology is discussed in the light of current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Gholami Jourabi F, Yari S, Amiri P, Heidarianpour A, Hashemi H. The ameliorative effects of methylene blue on testicular damage induced by cisplatin in rats. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13850. [PMID: 33079430 DOI: 10.1111/and.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin, a common chemotherapeutic drug, can induce testicular toxicity. Methylene blue, a potent antioxidant, can inhibit the generation of free radicals. This research aimed to study the protective effect of methylene blue against the cisplatin-induced toxicity of the reproductive system in rats. 35 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: the control group, the cisplatin group (a single dose of 5 mg/kg cisplatin), the low-dose and high-dose methylene blue + cisplatin (2 and 4 mg/kg of methylene blue, respectively, for 7 days) and the methylene blue group (4 mg/kg of methylene blue, for 7 days). The treatments were applied through intraperitoneal injection. Cisplatin treatment reduced the sperm parameters and serum testosterone levels significantly. Methylene blue treatment increased the sperm count (p < .001), viability (p < .001) and motility (p < .001) compared to the cisplatin group. The methylene blue group showed a significant increase in the levels of testosterone compared to the cisplatin group (p < .001) and reverted histopathological changes in cisplatin-treated groups. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the caspase-3 protein revealed that the treatment with methylene blue has significant anti-apoptotic effects on testicular tissue damage. In conclusion, methylene blue can attenuate the cisplatin-induced histological damages and improve the sperm parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siamak Yari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Parsa Amiri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Heidarianpour
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hadis Hashemi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
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Pharmacokinetics and Ex Vivo Antimalarial Activity of Artesunate-Amodiaquine plus Methylene Blue in Healthy Volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01441-19. [PMID: 31907186 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01441-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High rates of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) failures in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Southeast Asia have led to triple-drug strategies to extend the useful life of ACTs. In this study, we determined whether methylene blue [MB; 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride hydrate] alters the pharmacokinetics of artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) and enhances the ex vivo antimalarial activity of ASAQ. In an open-label, randomized crossover design, a single oral dose of ASAQ (200 mg AS/540 mg AQ) alone or with MB (325 mg) was administered to 15 healthy Vietnamese volunteers. Serial blood samples were collected up to 28 days after dosing. Pharmacokinetic properties of the drugs were determined by noncompartmental analysis. After drug administration, plasma samples from seven participants were assessed for ex vivo antimalarial activity against the artemisinin-sensitive MRA1239 and the artemisinin-resistant MRA1240 P. falciparum lines, in vitro MB significantly increased the mean area under the curve of the active metabolite of AS, dihydroartemisinin (1,246 ± 473 versus 917 ± 405 ng·h/ml, P = 0.009) but did not alter the pharmacokinetics of AQ, AS, or desethylamodiaquine. Comparing the antimalarial activities of the plasma samples from the participants collected up to 48 h after ASAQ plus MB (ASAQ+MB) and ASAQ dosing against the MRA1239 and MRA1240 lines, MB significantly enhanced the blood schizontocidal activity of ASAQ by 2.0-fold and 1.9-fold, respectively. The ring-stage survival assay also confirmed that MB enhanced the ex vivo antimalarial activity of ASAQ against MRA1240 by 2.9-fold to 3.8-fold, suggesting that the triple-drug combination has the potential to treat artemisinin-resistant malaria and for malaria elimination. (This study has been registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry [https://anzctr.org.au/] under registration number ACTRN12612001298808.).
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Ma M, Liu Z, Hui L, Shang Z, Yuan S, Dai L, Liu P, Liu X, Ni Y. Lignin-containing cellulose nanocrystals/sodium alginate beads as highly effective adsorbents for cationic organic dyes. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:640-646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Antimicrobial Activity of Lignin-Derived Polyurethane Coatings Prepared from Unmodified and Demethylated Lignins. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9080494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to global ecological and economic challenges that have been correlated to the transition from fossil-based to renewable resources, fundamental studies are being performed worldwide to replace fossil fuel raw materials in plastic production. One aspect of current research is the development of lignin-derived polyols to substitute expensive fossil-based polyol components for polyurethane and polyester production. This article describes the synthesis of bioactive lignin-based polyurethane coatings using unmodified and demethylated Kraft lignins. Demethylation was performed to enhance the reaction selectivity toward polyurethane formation. The antimicrobial activity was tested according to a slightly modified standard test (JIS Z 2801:2010). Besides effects caused by the lignins themselves, triphenylmethane derivatives (brilliant green and crystal violet) were used as additional antimicrobial substances. Results showed increased antimicrobial capacity against Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the coating color could be varied from dark brown to green and blue, respectively.
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Müller O, Lu G, Jahn A, Mockenhaupt FP. How worthwhile is methylene blue as a treatment of malaria? Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 17:471-473. [DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2019.1634545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Müller
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guangyu Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Albrecht Jahn
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank-Peter Mockenhaupt
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Hydrogel Nanofibers from Carboxymethyl Sago Pulp and Its Controlled Release Studies as a Methylene Blue Drug Carrier. FIBERS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fib7060056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The potential use of carboxymethyl sago pulp (CMSP) extracted from sago waste for producing hydrogel nanofibers was investigated as a methylene blue drug carrier. Sago pulp was chemically modified via carboxymethylation reaction to form carboxymethyl sago pulp (CMSP) and subsequently used to produce nanofibers using the electrospinning method with the addition of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The CMSP nanofibers were further treated with citric acid to form cross-linked hydrogel. Studies on the percentage of swelling following the variation of citric acid concentrations and curing temperature showed that 89.20 ± 0.42% of methylene blue (MB) was loaded onto CMSP hydrogel nanofibers with the percentage of swelling 4366 ± 975%. Meanwhile, methylene blue controlled release studies revealed that the diffusion of methylene blue was influenced by the pH of buffer solution with 19.44% of MB released at pH 7.34 within 48 h indicating the potential of CMSP hydrogel nanofibers to be used as a drug carrier for MB.
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Kowouvi K, Alies B, Gendrot M, Gaubert A, Vacher G, Gaudin K, Mosnier J, Pradines B, Barthelemy P, Grislain L, Millet P. Nucleoside-lipid-based nanocarriers for methylene blue delivery: potential application as anti-malarial drug. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18844-18852. [PMID: 35516884 PMCID: PMC9064961 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02576f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleolipid supramolecular assemblies are promising Drug Delivery Systems (DDS), particularly for nucleic acids. Studies based on negatively and positively charged nucleolipids (diC16dT and DOTAU, respectively) demonstrated appropriate stability, safety, and purity profile to be used as DDS. Methylene Blue (MB) remains a good antimalarial drug candidate, and could be considered for the treatment of uncomplicated or severe malaria. However, the development of MB as an antimalarial drug has been hampered by a high dose regimen required to obtain a proper effect, and a short plasmatic half life. We demonstrated that nanoparticles formed by nucleolipid encapsulation of MB using diC16dT and DOTAU (MB-NPs) is an interesting approach to improve drug stability and delivery. MB-NPs displayed sizes, PDI, zeta values, and colloidal stability allowing a possible use in intravenous formulations. Nanoparticles partially protected MB from oxido-reduction reactions, thus preventing early degradation during storage, and allowing prolongated pharmacokinetic in plasma. MB-NPs' efficacy, tested in vitro on sensitive or multidrug resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum, was statistically similar to MB alone, with a slightly lower IC50. This nucleolipid-based approach to protect drugs against degradation represents a new alternative tool to be considered for malaria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koffi Kowouvi
- Univ. Bordeaux, U1212 INSERM-UMR 5320 CNRS, ARNA, ChemBioPharm 146 rue Léo Saignat F-33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Bruno Alies
- Univ. Bordeaux, U1212 INSERM-UMR 5320 CNRS, ARNA, ChemBioPharm 146 rue Léo Saignat F-33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Mathieu Gendrot
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées Marseille France
- Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME Marseille France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection Marseille France
| | - Alexandra Gaubert
- Univ. Bordeaux, U1212 INSERM-UMR 5320 CNRS, ARNA, ChemBioPharm 146 rue Léo Saignat F-33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Gaelle Vacher
- Univ. Bordeaux, U1212 INSERM-UMR 5320 CNRS, ARNA, ChemBioPharm 146 rue Léo Saignat F-33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Karen Gaudin
- Univ. Bordeaux, U1212 INSERM-UMR 5320 CNRS, ARNA, ChemBioPharm 146 rue Léo Saignat F-33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Joel Mosnier
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées Marseille France
- Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME Marseille France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection Marseille France
- Centre National de Référence du Paludisme Marseille France
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées Marseille France
- Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME Marseille France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection Marseille France
- Centre National de Référence du Paludisme Marseille France
| | - Philippe Barthelemy
- Univ. Bordeaux, U1212 INSERM-UMR 5320 CNRS, ARNA, ChemBioPharm 146 rue Léo Saignat F-33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Luc Grislain
- Univ. Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat F-33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Pascal Millet
- Univ. Bordeaux, U1212 INSERM-UMR 5320 CNRS, ARNA, ChemBioPharm 146 rue Léo Saignat F-33076 Bordeaux France
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Anti–Trypanosoma cruzi effect of the photodynamic antiparasitic chemotherapy using phenothiazine derivatives as photosensitizers. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 35:79-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Tse EG, Korsik M, Todd MH. The past, present and future of anti-malarial medicines. Malar J 2019; 18:93. [PMID: 30902052 PMCID: PMC6431062 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made in recent years to reduce the high level of suffering caused by malaria worldwide. Notably, the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets for malaria prevention and the use of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for malaria treatment have made a significant impact. Nevertheless, the development of resistance to the past and present anti-malarial drugs highlights the need for continued research to stay one step ahead. New drugs are needed, particularly those with new mechanisms of action. Here the range of anti-malarial medicines developed over the years are reviewed, beginning with the discovery of quinine in the early 1800s, through to modern day ACT and the recently-approved tafenoquine. A number of new potential anti-malarial drugs currently in development are outlined, along with a description of the hit to lead campaign from which it originated. Finally, promising novel mechanisms of action for these and future anti-malarial medicines are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin G Tse
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Marat Korsik
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Matthew H Todd
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
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42
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Vardevanyan PO, Antonyan AP, Parsadanyan MA, Shahinyan MA, Mikaelyan MS. Study of Methylene Blue Interaction with Human Serum Albumin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793048019500012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The thiosine dye methylene blue (MB) interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) has been studied. MB was revealed to stabilize the native structure of HSA, since the denaturation temperature of the complexes is shifted to higher values in relation to that of the pure protein. It was also revealed that the absorption spectra of the complexes do not change noticeably, while in the fluorescence spectra the maximal intensity of MB decreases with the albumin concentration enhancement. Analysis of the obtained data allows to conclude that the main binding mode of MB to HSA, providing the stabilization of the protein native structure, is the electrostatic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poghos O. Vardevanyan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - Ara P. Antonyan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - Marine A. Parsadanyan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - Mariam A. Shahinyan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - Marieta S. Mikaelyan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
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43
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Lechuga GC, Pereira MCS, Bourguignon SC. Heme metabolism as a therapeutic target against protozoan parasites. J Drug Target 2018; 27:767-779. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1536982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Curty Lechuga
- Laboratório de Interação celular e molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Outeiro São João Batista, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia (PPBI), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mirian C. S. Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Saulo C. Bourguignon
- Laboratório de Interação celular e molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Outeiro São João Batista, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia (PPBI), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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44
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Wang J, Jeevarathinam AS, Humphries K, Jhunjhunwala A, Chen F, Hariri A, Miller BR, Jokerst JV. A Mechanistic Investigation of Methylene Blue and Heparin Interactions and Their Photoacoustic Enhancement. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3768-3775. [PMID: 30281976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported a real-time method to measure heparin in human whole blood based on the photoacoustic change of methylene blue (MB). Intriguingly, the MB behaved unlike other "turn on" photoacoustic probes-the absorbance decreased as the photoacoustic signal increased. The underlying mechanism was not clear and motivated this study. We studied the binding mechanism of MB and heparin in water and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) with both experimental and computational methods. We found that the photoacoustic enhancement of the MB-heparin mixture was a result of MB-heparin aggregation due to charge neutralization and resulting sequestration of MB in these aggregates. The sequestration of MB in the MB-heparin aggregates led to decreased absorbance-there was simply less free dye in solution to absorb light. The highest photoacoustic signal and aggregation occurred when the number of negatively charged sulfate groups on heparin was approximately equal to the number of positively charged MB molecule. The MB-heparin aggregates dissociated when there were more sulfated groups from heparin than MB molecules because of the electrostatic repulsion between negatively charged sulfate groups. PBS facilitated MB dimer formation regardless of heparin concentration and reprecipitated free MB in aggregates due to ionic strength and ionic shielding. Further molecular dynamics experiments found that binding of heparin occurred at the sulfates and glucosamines in heparin. Phosphate ions could interact with the heparin via sodium ions to impair the MB-heparin binding. Finally, our model found 3.7-fold more MB dimerization upon addition of heparin in MB solution confirming that heparin facilitates MB aggregation. We conclude that the addition of heparin in MB decreases the absorbance of the sample because of MB-heparin aggregation leading to fewer MB molecules in solution; however, the aggregation also increases the PA intensity because the MB molecules in the MB-heparin aggregate have reduced degrees of freedom and poor heat transfer to solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kathryn Humphries
- Department of Chemistry , Truman State University , 100 East Normal Avenue , Kirksville , Missouri 63501 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Bill R Miller
- Department of Chemistry , Truman State University , 100 East Normal Avenue , Kirksville , Missouri 63501 , United States
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45
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Calahorra M, Sánchez NS, Peña A. Influence of phenothiazines, phenazines and phenoxazine on cation transport in Candida albicans. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1728-1738. [PMID: 30153370 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS (i) To analyse the increase in calcium ion uptake caused by several cationic dyes on Candida albicans, (ii) to postulate a mechanism, (iii) to define the effects of Zn ions on the phenomenon, and (iv) to propose the use of the dyes or their derivatives against C. albicans. METHODS AND RESULTS Cells were grown in yeast peptone dextrose medium and starved. We measured the hydrophobic solvent/water partition coefficients and the dyes uptake by the cells and found no correlation with their hydrophobicity. Most of the dyes caused an increase in K+ efflux (in correlation with a decrease in 86 Rb+ uptake), and a raise in Ca2+ uptake except for those used as Zn salts, but not of their HCl salts. Respiration and acidification of the medium were modified only with few dyes and interestingly, when exposing cultures to nile blue, neutral red and toluidine blue ZnCl2 a decrease in C. albicans growth was observed. CONCLUSIONS We propose a general mechanism for the stimulation of Ca2+ uptake by the dyes used. Some of the dyes tested might be used as agents against C. albicans, probably combined with other agents. Moreover, the effects of Zn ions on Ca2+ uptake and on cell growth open possibilities of further studies, not only of their effects, but also of the mechanism of Ca2+ transport in C. albicans and other yeasts. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study, in conjunction with previously published results, contribute to the basic research regarding ion transport in C. albicans and the role of zinc in this process. Besides, suggests the additional use of dyes, along with other antifungals agents, as combined therapy against candidiasis. Derived dyes from those used also might be possible therapeutic agents against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Calahorra
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - N S Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Peña
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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46
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Artemisone and Artemiside Are Potent Panreactive Antimalarial Agents That Also Synergize Redox Imbalance in Plasmodium falciparum Transmissible Gametocyte Stages. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.02214-17. [PMID: 29866868 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02214-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of resistance toward artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has the potential to severely compromise malaria control. Therefore, the development of new artemisinins in combination with new drugs that impart activities toward both intraerythrocytic proliferative asexual and transmissible gametocyte stages, in particular, those of resistant parasites, is urgently required. We define artemisinins as oxidant drugs through their ability to oxidize reduced flavin cofactors of flavin disulfide reductases critical for maintaining redox homeostasis in the malaria parasite. Here we compare the activities of 10-amino artemisinin derivatives toward the asexual and gametocyte stages of P. falciparum parasites. Of these, artemisone and artemiside inhibited asexual and gametocyte stages, particularly stage V gametocytes, in the low-nanomolar range. Further, treatment of both early and late gametocyte stages with artemisone or artemiside combined with the pro-oxidant redox partner methylene blue displayed notable synergism. These data suggest that modulation of redox homeostasis is likely an important druggable process, particularly in gametocytes, and this finding thereby enhances the prospect of using combinations of oxidant and redox drugs for malaria control.
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47
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Khdour OM, Bandyopadhyay I, Chowdhury SR, Visavadiya NP, Hecht SM. Lipophilic methylene blue analogues enhance mitochondrial function and increase frataxin levels in a cellular model of Friedreich's ataxia. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3359-3369. [PMID: 29773347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from reduced expression of the protein frataxin (FXN). Although its function is not fully understood, frataxin appears to help assemble iron sulfur clusters; these are critical for the function of many proteins, including those needed for mitochondrial energy production. Finding ways to increase FXN levels has been a major therapeutic strategy for this disease. Previously, we described a novel series of methylene violet analogues and their structural optimization as potential therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative and mitochondrial disorders. Presently, a series of methylene blue analogues has been synthesized and characterized for their in vitro biochemical and biological properties in cultured Friedreich's ataxia lymphocytes. Favorable methylene blue analogues were shown to increase frataxin levels and mitochondrial biogenesis, and to improve aconitase activity. The analogues were found to be good ROS scavengers, and able to protect cultured FRDA lymphocytes from oxidative stress resulting from inhibition of complex I and from glutathione depletion. The analogues also preserved mitochondrial membrane potential and augmented ATP production. Our results suggest that analogue 5, emerging from the initial structure of the parent compound methylene blue (MB), represents a promising lead structure and lacks the cytotoxicity associated with the parent compound MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Khdour
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Indrajit Bandyopadhyay
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Sandipan Roy Chowdhury
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Nishant P Visavadiya
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Sidney M Hecht
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics, and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Zhou Y, Zhou J, Wang F, Yang H. Polydopamine-based functional composite particles for tumor cell targeting and dual-mode cellular imaging. Talanta 2018; 181:248-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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49
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Lu G, Nagbanshi M, Goldau N, Mendes Jorge M, Meissner P, Jahn A, Mockenhaupt FP, Müller O. Efficacy and safety of methylene blue in the treatment of malaria: a systematic review. BMC Med 2018; 16:59. [PMID: 29690878 PMCID: PMC5979000 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-018-1045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylene blue (MB) was the first synthetic antimalarial to be discovered and was used during the late 19th and early 20th centuries against all types of malaria. MB has been shown to be effective in inhibiting Plasmodium falciparum in culture, in the mouse model and in rhesus monkeys. MB was also shown to have a potent ex vivo activity against drug-resistant isolates of P. falciparum and P. vivax. In preclinical studies, MB acted synergistically with artemisinin derivates and demonstrated a strong effect on gametocyte reduction in P. falciparum. MB has, thus, been considered a potentially useful partner drug for artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), particularly when elimination is the final goal. The aim of this study was to review the scientific literature published until early 2017 to summarise existing knowledge on the efficacy and safety of MB in the treatment of malaria. METHODS This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. Studies reporting on the efficacy and safety of MB were systematically searched for in relevant electronic databases according to a pre-designed search strategy. The search (without language restrictions) was limited to studies of humans published until February 2017. RESULTS Out of 474 studies retrieved, a total of 22 articles reporting on 21 studies were eligible for analysis. The 21 included studies that reported data on 1504 malaria patients (2/3 were children). Older studies were case series and reports on MB monotherapy while recent studies were mainly controlled trials of combination regimens. MB was consistently shown to be highly effective in all endemic areas and demonstrated a strong effect on P. falciparum gametocyte reduction and synergy with ACT. MB treatment was associated with mild urogenital and gastrointestinal symptoms as well as blue coloration of urine. In G6PD-deficient African individuals, MB caused a slight but clinically non-significant haemoglobin reduction. CONCLUSIONS More studies are needed to define the effects of MB in P. falciparum malaria in areas outside Africa and against P. vivax malaria. Adding MB to ACT could be a valuable approach for the prevention of resistance development and for transmission reduction in control and elimination programs. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION This study is registered at PROSPERO (registration number CRD42017062349 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lu
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China.,Institute of Public Health, Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Nagbanshi
- Institute of Public Health, Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Goldau
- Institute of Public Health, Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Mendes Jorge
- Institute of Public Health, Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Meissner
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - A Jahn
- Institute of Public Health, Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F P Mockenhaupt
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - O Müller
- Institute of Public Health, Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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50
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Bosson-Vanga H, Franetich JF, Soulard V, Sossau D, Tefit M, Kane B, Vaillant JC, Borrmann S, Müller O, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Le Grand R, Silvie O, Mazier D. Differential activity of methylene blue against erythrocytic and hepatic stages of Plasmodium. Malar J 2018; 17:143. [PMID: 29615050 PMCID: PMC5883292 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of malaria elimination/eradication, drugs that are effective against the different developmental stages of the parasite are highly desirable. The oldest synthetic anti-malarial drug, the thiazine dye methylene blue (MB), is known for its activity against Plasmodium blood stages, including gametocytes. The aim of the present study was to investigate a possible effect of MB against malaria parasite liver stages. METHODS MB activity was investigated using both in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro assays consisted of testing MB activity on Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium yoelii parasites in human, simian or murine primary hepatocytes, respectively. MB in vivo activity was evaluated using intravital imaging in BALB/c mice infected with a transgenic bioluminescent P. yoelii parasite line. The transmission-blocking activity of MB was also addressed using mosquitoes fed on MB-treated mice. RESULTS MB shows no activity on Plasmodium liver stages, including hypnozoites, in vitro in primary hepatocytes. In BALB/c mice, MB has moderate effect on P. yoelii hepatic development but is highly effective against blood stage growth. MB is active against gametocytes and abrogates parasite transmission from mice to mosquitoes. CONCLUSION While confirming activity of MB against both sexual and asexual blood stages, the results indicate that MB has only little activity on the development of the hepatic stages of malaria parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Bosson-Vanga
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013, PARIS, France. .,Département de Parasitologie-Mycologie, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Jean-François Franetich
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013, PARIS, France
| | - Valérie Soulard
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013, PARIS, France
| | - Daniel Sossau
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013, PARIS, France.,Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maurel Tefit
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013, PARIS, France
| | - Bocar Kane
- UPMC, UMS28, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Vaillant
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Hépato-Bilio-Pancréatique et Transplantation Hépatique, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Steffen Borrmann
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Müller
- Institute of Public Health, Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- CEA, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Université Paris Sud 11, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- CEA, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Université Paris Sud 11, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013, PARIS, France
| | - Dominique Mazier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013, PARIS, France. .,Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, 83 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013, PARIS, France.
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