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Wang J, Liu Q, Li Y, Pang Y. An environmentally sensitive zinc-selective two-photon NIR fluorescent turn-on probe and zinc sensing in stroke. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100903. [PMID: 38655400 PMCID: PMC11035362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A two-photon near infrared (NIR) fluorescence turn-on sensor with high selectivity and sensitivity for Zn2+ detection has been developed. This sensor exhibits a large Stokes' shift (∼300 nm) and can be excited from 900 to 1000 nm, with an emission wavelength of ∼785 nm, making it ideal for imaging in biological tissues. The sensor's high selectivity for Zn2+ over other structurally similar cations, such as Cd2+, makes it a promising tool for monitoring zinc ion levels in biological systems. Given the high concentration of zinc in thrombi, this sensor could provide a useful tool for in vivo thrombus imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Qibing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Yingbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yi Pang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
- Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
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2
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Liu CH, Liu MC, Jheng PR, Yu J, Fan YJ, Liang JW, Hsiao YC, Chiang CW, Bolouki N, Lee JW, Hsieh JH, Mansel BW, Chen YT, Nguyen HT, Chuang EY. Plasma-Derived Nanoclusters for Site-Specific Multimodality Photo/Magnetic Thrombus Theranostics. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301504. [PMID: 37421244 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditional thrombolytic therapeutics for vascular blockage are affected by their limited penetration into thrombi, associated off-target side effects, and low bioavailability, leading to insufficient thrombolytic efficacy. It is hypothesized that these limitations can be overcome by the precisely controlled and targeted delivery of thrombolytic therapeutics. A theranostic platform is developed that is biocompatible, fluorescent, magnetic, and well-characterized, with multiple targeting modes. This multimodal theranostic system can be remotely visualized and magnetically guided toward thrombi, noninvasively irradiated by near-infrared (NIR) phototherapies, and remotely activated by actuated magnets for additional mechanical therapy. Magnetic guidance can also improve the penetration of nanomedicines into thrombi. In a mouse model of thrombosis, the thrombosis residues are reduced by ≈80% and with no risk of side effects or of secondary embolization. This strategy not only enables the progression of thrombolysis but also accelerates the lysis rate, thereby facilitating its prospective use in time-critical thrombolytic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Liu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 291 Zhongzheng Road, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ru Jheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jiashing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jui Fan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Liang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Nima Bolouki
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 60177, Czech Republic
| | - Jyh-Wei Lee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
- Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Hsing Hsieh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
- Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Bradley W Mansel
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hieu Trung Nguyen
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Er-Yuan Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, 11696, Taiwan
- Precision Medicine and Translational Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
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3
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Baksamawi HA, Alexiadis A, Vigolo D, Brill A. Platelet accumulation in an endothelium-coated elastic vein valve model of deep vein thrombosis is mediated by GPIb α-VWF interaction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1167884. [PMID: 37180784 PMCID: PMC10174463 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1167884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis is a life-threatening disease that takes millions of people's lives worldwide. Given both technical and ethical issues of using animals in research, it is necessary to develop an appropriate in vitro model that would recapitulate the conditions of venous thrombus development. We present here a novel microfluidics vein-on-a-chip with moving valve leaflets to mimic the hydrodynamics in a vein, and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) monolayer. A pulsatile flow pattern, typical for veins, was used in the experiments. Unstimulated human platelets, reconstituted with the whole blood, accumulated at the luminal side of the leaflet tips proportionally to the leaflet flexibility. Platelet activation by thrombin induced robust platelet accrual at the leaflet tips. Inhibition of glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa did not decrease but, paradoxically, slightly increased platelet accumulation. In contrast, blockade of the interaction between platelet GPIbα and A1 domain of von Willebrand factor completely abolished platelet deposition. Stimulation of the endothelium with histamine, a known secretagogue of Weibel-Palade bodies, promoted platelet accrual at the basal side of the leaflets, where human thrombi are usually observed. Thus, platelet deposition depends on the leaflet flexibility, and accumulation of activated platelets at the valve leaflets is mediated by GPIbα-VWF interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam Alden Baksamawi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Alexiadis
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniele Vigolo
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander Brill
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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4
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Coenen DM, Heinzmann ACA, Oggero S, Albers HJ, Nagy M, Hagué P, Kuijpers MJE, Vanderwinden JM, van der Meer AD, Perretti M, Koenen RR, Cosemans JMEM. Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 3A by Cilostazol Dampens Proinflammatory Platelet Functions. Cells 2021; 10:1998. [PMID: 34440764 PMCID: PMC8392606 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE platelets possess not only haemostatic but also inflammatory properties, which combined are thought to play a detrimental role in thromboinflammatory diseases such as acute coronary syndromes and stroke. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 and -5 inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in secondary prevention of arterial thrombosis, partially mediated by their antiplatelet action. Yet it is unclear whether such inhibitors also affect platelets' inflammatory functions. Here, we aimed to examine the effect of the PDE3A inhibitor cilostazol and the PDE5 inhibitor tadalafil on platelet function in various aspects of thromboinflammation. Approach and results: cilostazol, but not tadalafil, delayed ex vivo platelet-dependent fibrin formation under whole blood flow over type I collagen at 1000 s-1. Similar results were obtained with blood from Pde3a deficient mice, indicating that cilostazol effects are mediated via PDE3A. Interestingly, cilostazol specifically reduced the release of phosphatidylserine-positive extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human platelets while not affecting total EV release. Both cilostazol and tadalafil reduced the interaction of human platelets with inflamed endothelium under arterial flow and the release of the chemokines CCL5 and CXCL4 from platelets. Moreover, cilostazol, but not tadalafil, reduced monocyte recruitment and platelet-monocyte interaction in vitro. CONCLUSIONS this study demonstrated yet unrecognised roles for platelet PDE3A and platelet PDE5 in platelet procoagulant and proinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle M. Coenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.C.); (A.C.A.H.); (M.N.); (M.J.E.K.); (R.R.K.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Alexandra C. A. Heinzmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.C.); (A.C.A.H.); (M.N.); (M.J.E.K.); (R.R.K.)
| | - Silvia Oggero
- Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (S.O.); (M.P.)
| | - Hugo J. Albers
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, Technical Medical Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands;
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies Group, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Magdolna Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.C.); (A.C.A.H.); (M.N.); (M.J.E.K.); (R.R.K.)
| | - Perrine Hagué
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (P.H.); (J.-M.V.)
| | - Marijke J. E. Kuijpers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.C.); (A.C.A.H.); (M.N.); (M.J.E.K.); (R.R.K.)
| | - Jean-Marie Vanderwinden
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (P.H.); (J.-M.V.)
| | - Andries D. van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies Group, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Mauro Perretti
- Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (S.O.); (M.P.)
| | - Rory R. Koenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.C.); (A.C.A.H.); (M.N.); (M.J.E.K.); (R.R.K.)
| | - Judith M. E. M. Cosemans
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.C.); (A.C.A.H.); (M.N.); (M.J.E.K.); (R.R.K.)
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5
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Angelis I, Moussis V, Tsoukatos DC, Tsikaris V. Multidrug Resistance Protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4): A Suspected Efflux Transporter for Human's Platelet Activation. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:983-995. [PMID: 33964863 DOI: 10.2174/0929866528666210505120659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The main role of platelets is to contribute to hemostasis. However, under pathophysiological conditions, platelet activation may lead to thrombotic events of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, anti-thrombotic treatment is important in patients with cardiovascular disease. This review focuses on a platelet receptor, a transmembrane protein, the Multidrug Resistance Protein 4, MRP4, which contributes to platelet activation by extruding endogenous molecules responsible for their activation and accumulation. The regulation of the intracellular concentration levels of these molecules by MRP4 turned to make the protein suspicious and, at the same time, an interesting regulatory factor of normal platelet function. Especially, the possible role of MRP4 in the excretion of xenobiotic and antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin is discussed, thus imparting platelet aspirin tolerance and correlating the protein with the ineffectiveness of aspirin antiplatelet therapy. Based on the above, this review finally underlines that the development of a highly selective and targeted strategy for platelet MRP4 inhibition will also lead to inhibition of platelet activation and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Angelis
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina. Greece
| | - Vassilios Moussis
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina. Greece
| | - Demokritos C Tsoukatos
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina. Greece
| | - Vassilios Tsikaris
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina. Greece
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6
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Aburima A, Berger M, Spurgeon BEJ, Webb BA, Wraith KS, Febbraio M, Poole AW, Naseem KM. Thrombospondin-1 promotes hemostasis through modulation of cAMP signaling in blood platelets. Blood 2021; 137:678-689. [PMID: 33538796 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is released by platelets upon activation and can increase platelet activation, but its role in hemostasis in vivo is unclear. We show that TSP-1 is a critical mediator of hemostasis that promotes platelet activation by modulating inhibitory cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling. Genetic deletion of TSP-1 did not affect platelet activation in vitro, but in vivo models of hemostasis and thrombosis showed that TSP-1-deficient mice had prolonged bleeding, defective thrombosis, and increased sensitivity to the prostacyclin mimetic iloprost. Adoptive transfer of wild-type (WT) but not TSP-1-/- platelets ameliorated the thrombotic phenotype, suggesting a key role for platelet-derived TSP-1. In functional assays, TSP-1-deficient platelets showed an increased sensitivity to cAMP signaling, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and arrest under flow by prostacyclin (PGI2). Plasma swap experiments showed that plasma TSP-1 did not correct PGI2 hypersensitivity in TSP-1-/- platelets. By contrast, incubation of TSP-1-/- platelets with releasates from WT platelets or purified TSP-1, but not releasates from TSP-1-/- platelets, reduced the inhibitory effects of PGI2. Activation of WT platelets resulted in diminished cAMP accumulation and downstream signaling, which was associated with increased activity of the cAMP hydrolyzing enzyme phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A). PDE3A activity and cAMP accumulation were unaffected in platelets from TSP-1-/- mice. Platelets deficient in CD36, a TSP-1 receptor, showed increased sensitivity to PGI2/cAMP signaling and diminished PDE3A activity, which was unaffected by platelet-derived or purified TSP-1. This scenario suggests that the release of TSP-1 regulates hemostasis in vivo through modulation of platelet cAMP signaling at sites of vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Aburima
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Berger
- Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin E J Spurgeon
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany A Webb
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katie S Wraith
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Febbraio
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; and
| | - Alastair W Poole
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Khalid M Naseem
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Grover SP, Bendapudi PK, Yang M, Merrill-Skoloff G, Govindarajan V, Mitrophanov AY, Flaumenhaft R. Injury measurements improve interpretation of thrombus formation data in the cremaster arteriole laser-induced injury model of thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:3078-3085. [PMID: 33456401 PMCID: PMC7805486 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The cremaster arteriole laser-induced injury model is a powerful technique with which to investigate the molecular mechanisms that drive thrombus formation. This model is capable of direct visualization and quantification of accumulation of thrombus constituents, including both platelets and fibrin. However, a large degree of variability in platelet accumulation and fibrin formation is observed between thrombi. Strategies to understand this variability will enhance performance and standardization of the model. We determined whether ablation injury size contributes to variation in platelet accumulation and fibrin formation and, if so, whether incorporating ablation injury size into measurements reduces variation. Methods Thrombus formation was initiated by laser-induced injury of cremaster arterioles of mice (n=59 injuries). Ablation injuries within the vessel wall were consistently identified and quantified by measuring the length of vessel wall injury observed immediately following laser-induced disruption. Platelet accumulation and fibrin formation as detected by fluorescently-labeled antibodies were captured by digital intra-vital microscopy. Results Laser-induced disruption of the vessel wall resulted in ablation injuries of variable length (18-95 μm) enabling interrogation of the relationship between injury severity and thrombus dynamics. Strong positive correlations were observed between vessel injury length and both platelet and fibrin when the data are transformed as area under the curve (Spearman r = 0.80 and 0.76 respectively). Normalization of area under the curve measurements by injury length reduced intraclass coefficients of variation among thrombi and improved hypothesis testing when comparing different data sets. Conclusions Measurement of vessel wall injury length provides a reliable and robust marker of injury severity. Injury length can effectively normalize measurements of platelet accumulation and fibrin formation improving data interpretation and standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Grover
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Oncology and Hematology and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pavan K Bendapudi
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Moua Yang
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Glenn Merrill-Skoloff
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vijay Govindarajan
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute (BHSAI), Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander Y Mitrophanov
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute (BHSAI), Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Berger M, Raslan Z, Aburima A, Magwenzi S, Wraith KS, Spurgeon BEJ, Hindle MS, Law R, Febbraio M, Naseem KM. Atherogenic lipid stress induces platelet hyperactivity through CD36-mediated hyposensitivity to prostacyclin: the role of phosphodiesterase 3A. Haematologica 2019; 105:808-819. [PMID: 31289200 PMCID: PMC7049344 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.213348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostacyclin (PGI2) controls platelet activation and thrombosis through a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling cascade. However, in patients with cardiovascular diseases this protective mechanism fails for reasons that are unclear. Using both pharmacological and genetic approaches we describe a mechanism by which oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDL) associated with dyslipidemia promote platelet activation through impaired PGI2 sensitivity and diminished cAMP signaling. In functional assays using human platelets, oxLDL modulated the inhibitory effects of PGI2, but not a phosphodiesterase (PDE)-insensitive cAMP analog, on platelet aggregation, granule secretion and in vitro thrombosis. Examination of the mechanism revealed that oxLDL promoted the hydrolysis of cAMP through the phosphorylation and activation of PDE3A, leading to diminished cAMP signaling. PDE3A activation by oxLDL required Src family kinases, Syk and protein kinase C. The effects of oxLDL on platelet function and cAMP signaling were blocked by pharmacological inhibition of CD36, mimicked by CD36-specific oxidized phospholipids and ablated in CD36−/− murine platelets. The injection of oxLDL into wild-type mice strongly promoted FeCl3-induced carotid thrombosis in vivo, which was prevented by pharmacological inhibition of PDE3A. Furthermore, blood from dyslipidemic mice was associated with increased oxidative lipid stress, reduced platelet sensitivity to PGI2ex vivo and diminished PKA signaling. In contrast, platelet sensitivity to a PDE-resistant cAMP analog remained normal. Genetic deletion of CD36 protected dyslipidemic animals from PGI2 hyposensitivity and restored PKA signaling. These data suggest that CD36 can translate atherogenic lipid stress into platelet hyperactivity through modulation of inhibitory cAMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Berger
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.,Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Zaher Raslan
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ahmed Aburima
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Simbarashe Magwenzi
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Katie S Wraith
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Benjamin E J Spurgeon
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew S Hindle
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Robert Law
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Maria Febbraio
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Khalid M Naseem
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK .,Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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10
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Martins Lima A, Bragina ME, Burri O, Bortoli Chapalay J, Costa-Fraga FP, Chambon M, Fraga-Silva RA, Stergiopulos N. An optimized and validated 384-well plate assay to test platelet function in a high-throughput screening format. Platelets 2018; 30:563-571. [PMID: 30183501 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1514106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, antiplatelet therapies are still associated with a high risk of hemorrhage. In order to develop new drugs, methods to measure platelet function must be adapted for the high-throughput screening (HTS) format. Currently, all assays capable of assessing platelet function are either expensive, complex, or not validated, which makes them unsuitable for drug discovery. Here, we propose a simple, low-cost, and high-throughput-compatible platelet function assay, validated for the 384-well plate. In the proposed assay, agonist-induced platelet activity was assessed by three different methods: (i) measurement of light absorbance, which decreases with platelet aggregation; (ii) luminescence measurement, based on ATP release from activated platelets and luciferin-luciferase reaction; and (iii) automated bright-field microscopy of the wells and further quantification of platelet image area, described here for the first time. Brightfield imaging results were validated by demonstrating the similarity of dose-response curves obtained with absorbance and luminescence measurements after stimulating platelets, pre-incubated with prostaglandin E1 or tirofiban, and demonstrating the similarity of dose-response curves obtained with agonists. Assay quality was confirmed using the Z'-factor, a statistical parameter used to validate the robustness and suitability of an HTS assay. The results showed that, under high rotations per minute (1200 RPM), an acceptable Z'-factor score is reached for absorbance measurements (Z'-factor - 0.58) and automated brightfield imaging (Z'-factor - 0.52), without the need of replicates, while triplicates must be used to achieve an acceptable Z'-factor score (0.54) for luminescence measurements. Using low platelet concentration (4 × 104/μl - 10 μl), the brightfield imaging test was further validated using washed platelets. Furthermore, drug screening was performed with compounds selected by structure-based virtual screening. Taken together, this study presents an optimized and validated assay for HTS to be used as a tool for antiplatelet drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Martins Lima
- a Institute of Bioengineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Maiia E Bragina
- a Institute of Bioengineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Olivier Burri
- b BioImaging and Optics Core Facility , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Julien Bortoli Chapalay
- c Biomolecular Screening Facility , École Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Fabiana P Costa-Fraga
- a Institute of Bioengineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Marc Chambon
- c Biomolecular Screening Facility , École Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo A Fraga-Silva
- a Institute of Bioengineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Stergiopulos
- a Institute of Bioengineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
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11
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Nagy Z, Smolenski A. Cyclic nucleotide-dependent inhibitory signaling interweaves with activating pathways to determine platelet responses. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2018; 2:558-571. [PMID: 30046761 PMCID: PMC6046581 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are regulated by extracellular cues that impact on intracellular signaling. The endothelium releases prostacyclin and nitric oxide which stimulate the synthesis of cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP leading to platelet inhibition. Other inhibitory mechanisms involve immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif-containing receptors, intracellular receptors and receptor desensitization. Inhibitory cyclic nucleotide pathways are traditionally thought to represent a passive background system keeping platelets in a quiescent state. In contrast, cyclic nucleotides are increasingly seen to be dynamically involved in most aspects of platelet regulation. This review focuses on crosstalk between activating and cyclic nucleotide-mediated inhibitory pathways highlighting emerging new hub structures and signaling mechanisms. In particular, interactions of plasma membrane receptors like P2Y12 and GPIb/IX/V with the cyclic nucleotide system are described. Furthermore, differential regulation of the RGS18 complex, second messengers, protein kinases, and phosphatases are presented, and control over small G-proteins by guanine-nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins are outlined. Possible clinical implications of signaling crosstalk are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Nagy
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Albert Smolenski
- UCD School of MedicineUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
- UCD Conway InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
- Irish Centre for Vascular BiologyRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
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12
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Prostacyclin reverses platelet stress fibre formation causing platelet aggregate instability. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5582. [PMID: 28717253 PMCID: PMC5514131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostacyclin (PGI2) modulates platelet activation to regulate haemostasis. Evidence has emerged to suggest that thrombi are dynamic structures with distinct areas of differing platelet activation. It was hypothesised that PGI2 could reverse platelet spreading by actin cytoskeletal modulation, leading to reduced capability of platelet aggregates to withstand a high shear environment. Our data demonstrates that post-flow of PGI2 over activated and spread platelets on fibrinogen, identified a significant reduction in platelet surface area under high shear. Exploration of the molecular mechanisms underpinning this effect revealed that PGI2 reversed stress fibre formation in adherent platelets, reduced platelet spreading, whilst simultaneously promoting actin nodule formation. The effects of PGI2 on stress fibres were mimicked by the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin and prevented by inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA). Stress fibre formation is a RhoA dependent process and we found that treatment of adherent platelets with PGI2 caused inhibitory phosphorylation of RhoA, reduced RhoA GTP-loading and reversal of myosin light chain phosphorylation. Phospho-RhoA was localised in actin nodules with PKA type II and a number of other phosphorylated PKA substrates. This study demonstrates that PGI2 can reverse key platelet functions after their initial activation and identifies a novel mechanism for controlling thrombosis.
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13
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A Novel Model of Intravital Platelet Imaging Using CD41-ZsGreen1 Transgenic Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154661. [PMID: 27128503 PMCID: PMC4851362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets play pivotal roles in both hemostasis and thrombosis. Although models of intravital platelet imaging are available for thrombosis studies in mice, few are available for rat studies. The present effort aimed to generate fluorescent platelets in rats and assess their dynamics in a rat model of arterial injury. We generated CD41-ZsGreen1 transgenic rats, in which green fluorescence protein ZsGreen1 was expressed specifically in megakaryocytes and thus platelets. The transgenic rats exhibited normal hematological and biochemical values with the exception of body weight and erythroid parameters, which were slightly lower than those of wild-type rats. Platelet aggregation, induced by 20 μM ADP and 10 μg/ml collagen, and blood clotting times were not significantly different between transgenic and wild-type rats. Saphenous arteries of transgenic rats were injured with 10% FeCl3, and the formation of fluorescent thrombi was evaluated using confocal microscopy. FeCl3 caused time-dependent increases in the mean fluorescence intensity of injured arteries of vehicle-treated rats. Prasugrel (3 mg/kg, p.o.), administered 2 h before FeCl3, significantly inhibited fluorescence compared with vehicle-treated rats (4.5 ± 0.4 vs. 14.9 ± 2.4 arbitrary fluorescence units at 30 min, respectively, n = 8, P = 0.0037). These data indicate that CD41-ZsGreen1 transgenic rats represent a useful model for intravital imaging of platelet-mediated thrombus formation and the evaluation of antithrombotic agents.
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14
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Belleville-Rolland T, Sassi Y, Decouture B, Dreano E, Hulot JS, Gaussem P, Bachelot-Loza C. MRP4 (ABCC4) as a potential pharmacologic target for cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Res 2016; 107:381-389. [PMID: 27063943 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4 or ABCC4) that has recently been shown to play a role in cAMP homeostasis, a key-pathway in vascular biology and in platelet functions. In vascular system, recent data provide evidence that inhibition of MRP4 prevents human coronary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, as well as human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and pulmonary hypertension in mice in vivo. In the heart, MRP4 silencing in adult rat ventricular myocytes results in an increase in intracellular cAMP levels leading to enhanced cardiomyocyte contractility. However, a prolonged inhibition of MRP4 can promote cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, secreted cAMP, through its metabolite adenosine, prevents adrenergically induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Finally, MRP4 inhibition in platelets induces a moderate thrombopathy. The localization of MRP4 underlines the emerging concept of cAMP compartmentalization in platelets, which is a major regulatory mechanism in other cells. cAMP storage in platelet dense granules might limit the cAMP cytosolic concentration upon adenylate cyclase activation, a necessary step to induce platelet activation. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of direct pharmacological inhibition of MRP4 in atherothrombotic disease, via its vasodilating and antiplatelet effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Belleville-Rolland
- Inserm UMR-S1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service dhématologie biologique, Paris, France
| | - Yassine Sassi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benoit Decouture
- Inserm UMR-S1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Elise Dreano
- Inserm UMR-S1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- AP-HP, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, France
| | - Pascale Gaussem
- Inserm UMR-S1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service dhématologie biologique, Paris, France
| | - Christilla Bachelot-Loza
- Inserm UMR-S1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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15
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Muñoz-Gutierrez C, Adasme-Carreño F, Fuentes E, Palomo I, Caballero J. Computational study of the binding orientation and affinity of PPARγ agonists: inclusion of ligand-induced fit by cross-docking. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-docking study for describing differential binding energies of PPARγ and agonists was successful after the inclusion of protein flexibility through the use of several crystal receptor conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES)
- Talca University
- Talca
| | - Iván Palomo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES)
- Talca University
- Talca
| | - Julio Caballero
- Centro de Bioinformatica y Simulacion Molecular (CBSM)
- Universidad de Talca
- Talca
- Chile
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16
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Wang X, Schröder HC, Müller WEG. Polyphosphate as a metabolic fuel in Metazoa: A foundational breakthrough invention for biomedical applications. Biotechnol J 2015; 11:11-30. [PMID: 26356505 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In animals, energy-rich molecules like ATP are generated in the intracellular compartment from metabolites, e.g. glucose, taken up by the cells. Recent results revealed that inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) can provide an extracellular system for energy transport and delivery. These polymers of multiple phosphate units, linked by high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds, use blood platelets as transport vehicles to reach their target cells. In this review it is outlined how polyP affects cell metabolism. It is discussed that polyP influences cell activity in a dual way: (i) as a metabolic fuel transferring metabolic energy through the extracellular space; and (ii) as a signaling molecule that amplifies energy/ATP production in mitochondria. Several metabolic pathways are triggered by polyP, among them biomineralization/hydroxyapatite formation onto bone cells. The accumulation of polyP in the platelets allows long-distance transport of the polymer in the extracellular space. The discovery of polyP as metabolic fuel and signaling molecule initiated the development of novel techniques for encapsulation of polyP into nanoparticles. They facilitate cellular uptake of the polymer by receptor-mediated endocytosis and allow the development of novel strategies for therapy of metabolic diseases associated with deviations in energy metabolism or mitochondrial dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany.
| | - Heinz C Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
| | - Werner E G Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany.
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17
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Abstract
Blood platelet activation must be tightly regulated to ensure a balance between haemostasis and thrombosis. The cAMP signalling pathway is the most powerful endogenous regulator of blood platelet activation. PKA (protein kinase A), the foremost effector of cAMP signalling in platelets, phosphorylates a number of proteins that are thought to modulate multiple aspects of platelet activation. In the present mini-review, we outline our current understanding of cAMP-mediated platelet inhibition and discuss some of the issues that require clarification.
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18
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Perspectives on the management of antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery disease requiring cardiac and noncardiac surgery. Curr Opin Cardiol 2014; 29:553-63. [DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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19
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Walsh TG, Harper MT, Poole AW. SDF-1α is a novel autocrine activator of platelets operating through its receptor CXCR4. Cell Signal 2014; 27:37-46. [PMID: 25283599 PMCID: PMC4265729 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelets store and secrete the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α upon platelet activation, but the ability of platelet-derived SDF-1α to signal in an autocrine/paracrine manner mediating functional platelet responses relevant to thrombosis and haemostasis is unknown. We sought to explore the role of platelet-derived SDF-1α and its receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7 in facilitating platelet activation and determine the mechanism facilitating SDF-1α-mediated regulation of platelet function. Using human washed platelets, CXCR4 inhibition, but not CXCR7 blockade significantly abrogated collagen-mediated platelet aggregation, dense granule secretion and thromboxane (Tx) A2 production. Time-dependent release of SDF-1α from collagen-activated platelets supports a functional role for SDF-1α in this regard. Using an in vitro whole blood perfusion assay, collagen-induced thrombus formation was substantially reduced with CXCR4 inhibition. In washed platelets, recombinant SDF-1α in the range of 20–100 ng/mL− 1 could significantly enhance platelet aggregation responses to a threshold concentration of collagen. These enhancements were completely dependent on CXCR4, but not CXCR7, which triggered TxA2 production and dense granule secretion. Rises in cAMP were significantly blunted by SDF-1α, which could also enhance collagen-mediated Ca(2 +) mobilisation, both of which were mediated by CXCR4. This potentiating effect of SDF-1α primarily required TxA2 signalling acting upstream of dense granule secretion, whereas blockade of ADP signalling could only partially attenuate SDF-1α-induced platelet activation. Therefore, this study supports a potentially novel autocrine/paracrine role for platelet-derived SDF-1α during thrombosis and haemostasis, through a predominantly TxA2-dependent and ADP-independent pathway. Collagen-induced platelet aggregation, TxA2 production and dense granule secretion require CXCR4 signalling. CXCR4 regulates platelet thrombus formation. SDF-1α-induced changes in cAMP and Ca(2 +) signalling require CXCR4. SDF-1α, via CXCR4, enhances platelet activation responses to collagen, primarily through a TxA2-dependent and ADP-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony G Walsh
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew T Harper
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair W Poole
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
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20
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P2X1 expressed on polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelets is required for thrombosis in mice. Blood 2014; 124:2575-85. [PMID: 25150292 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-04-571679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its metabolite, adenosine, are key regulators of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) functions. PMNs have recently been implicated in the initiation of thrombosis. We investigated the role of ATP and adenosine in PMN activation and recruitment at the site of endothelial injury. Following binding to the injured vessel wall, PMNs are activated and release elastase. The recruitment of PMNs and the subsequent fibrin generation and thrombus formation are strongly affected in mice deficient in the P2X1-ATP receptor and in wild-type (WT) mice treated with CGS 21680, an agonist of the A2A adenosine receptor or NF449, a P2X1 antagonist. Infusion of WT PMNs into P2X1-deficient mice increases fibrin generation but not thrombus formation. Restoration of thrombosis requires infusion of both platelets and PMNs from WT mice. In vitro, ATP activates PMNs, whereas CGS 21680 prevents their binding to activated endothelial cells. These data indicate that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contributes to polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) activation leading to their adhesion at the site of laser-induced endothelial injury, a necessary step leading to the generation of fibrin, and subsequent platelet-dependent thrombus formation. Altogether, our study identifies previously unknown mechanisms by which ATP and adenosine are key molecules involved in thrombosis by regulating the activation state of PMNs.
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21
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Raslan Z, Naseem KM. Compartmentalisation of cAMP-dependent signalling in blood platelets: The role of lipid rafts and actin polymerisation. Platelets 2014; 26:349-57. [PMID: 24832788 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2014.916792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostacyclin (PGI2) inhibits blood platelets through the activation of membrane adenylyl cyclases (ACs) and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated signalling. However, the molecular mechanism controlling cAMP signalling in blood platelet remains unclear, and in particular how individual isoforms of AC and protein kinase A (PKA) are coordinated to target distinct substrates in order to modulate platelet activation. In this study, we demonstrate that lipid rafts and the actin cytoskeleton may play a key role in regulating platelet responses to cAMP downstream of PGI2. Disruption of lipid rafts with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MβCD) increased platelet sensitivity to PGI2 and forskolin, a direct AC cyclase activator, resulting in greater inhibition of collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation. In contrast, platelet inhibition by the direct activator of PKA, 8-CPT-6-Phe-cAMP was unaffected by MβCD treatment. Consistent with the functional data, lipid raft disruption increased PGI2-stimulated cAMP formation and proximal PKA-mediated signalling events. Platelet inhibition, cAMP formation and phosphorylation of PKA substrates in response to PGI2 were also increased in the presence of cytochalasin D, indicating a role for actin cytoskeleton in signalling in response to PGI2. A potential role for lipid rafts in cAMP signalling is strengthened by our finding that a pool of ACV/VI and PKA was partitioned into lipid rafts. Our data demonstrate partial compartmentalisation of cAMP signalling machinery in platelets, where lipid rafts and the actin cytoskeleton regulate the inhibitory effects induced by PGI2. The increased platelet sensitivity to cAMP-elevating agents signalling upon raft and cytoskeleton disruption suggests that these compartments act to restrain basal cAMP signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher Raslan
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull-York Medical School, University of Hull , Hull , UK
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22
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Song Y, Huang Z, Xu J, Ren D, Wang Y, Zheng X, Shen Y, Wang L, Gao H, Hou J, Pang Z, Qian J, Ge J. Multimodal SPION-CREKA peptide based agents for molecular imaging of microthrombus in a rat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model. Biomaterials 2014; 35:2961-70. [PMID: 24393265 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Microthrombosis plays a key role in many cardiovascular diseases. Although it is not difficult to localize thrombus within large or middle-sized vessels, the noninvasive diagnostic regimen for the detection of microthrombus remains scarce. Here we developed a nanoagent by conjucting superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticle with fluorophore and a targeting element, CREKA, a peptide with special affinity for fibrin. In a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R), the multimodal nanoagents were readily and selectively accumulated within microthrombosis, which was detectable by both magnetic resonance and optical imaging modalities. The fibrin-targeted nanoagent could be expected to have utility not only in molecular imaging of fibrin, understanding the mechanisms of microcirculation disorders, but also in targeted therapy with fibrinolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Song
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheyong Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Daoyuan Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinde Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunli Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongxiang Gao
- Department of Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiayun Hou
- Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Juying Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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23
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Capodanno D, Angiolillo DJ. Management of Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Requiring Cardiac and Noncardiac Surgery. Circulation 2013; 128:2785-98. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.003675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Capodanno
- From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy (D.C.); and University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL (D.C., D.J.A.)
| | - Dominick J. Angiolillo
- From the Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy (D.C.); and University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL (D.C., D.J.A.)
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24
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Capodanno D, Tamburino C. Bridging antiplatelet therapy in patients requiring cardiac and non-cardiac surgery: from bench to bedside. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2013; 7:82-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-013-9517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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cAMP signaling regulates platelet myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation and shape change through targeting the RhoA-Rho kinase-MLC phosphatase signaling pathway. Blood 2013; 122:3533-45. [PMID: 24100445 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-03-487850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent signaling modulates platelet shape change through unknown mechanisms. We examined the effects of cAMP signaling on platelet contractile machinery. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-mediated inhibition of thrombin-stimulated shape change was accompanied by diminished phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC). Since thrombin stimulates phospho-MLC through RhoA/Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK)-dependent inhibition of MLC phosphatase (MLCP), we examined the effects of cAMP on this pathway. Thrombin stimulated the membrane localization of RhoA and the formation of a signaling complex of RhoA/ROCK2/myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1). This resulted in ROCK-mediated phosphorylation of MYPT1 on threonine 853 (thr(853)), the disassociation of the catalytic subunit protein phosphatase 1δ (PP1δ) from MYPT1 and inhibition of basal MLCP activity. Treatment of platelets with PGE1 prevented thrombin-induced phospho-MYPT1-thr(853) in a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent manner. Examination of the molecular mechanisms revealed that PGE1 induced the phosphorylation of RhoA on serine(188) through a pathway requiring cAMP and PKA. This event inhibited the membrane relocalization of RhoA, prevented the association of RhoA with ROCK2 and MYPT1, attenuated the dissociation of PP1δ from MYPT1, and thereby restored basal MLCP activity leading to a decrease in phospho-MLC. These data reveal a new mechanism by which the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway regulates platelet function.
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26
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Park KW, Kang SH, Park JJ, Yang HM, Kang HJ, Koo BK, Park BE, Cha KS, Rhew JY, Jeon HK, Shin ES, Oh JH, Jeong MH, Kim S, Hwang KK, Yoon JH, Lee SY, Park TH, Moon KW, Kwon HM, Chae IH, Kim HS. Adjunctive Cilostazol Versus Double-Dose Clopidogrel After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2013; 6:932-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Abstract
An electron transport system regulates the initiation of thrombus formation through the activation of critical receptors involved in hemostasis and thrombosis. Protein disulfide isomerase along with other thiol isomerases, important for intracellular protein synthesis, are responsible for this extracellular activity during thrombus formation. Inhibition of these thiol isomerases blocks platelet aggregation and fibrin generation. Pharmaceuticals directed against these thiol isomerases offers a novel approach to antithrombotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Furie
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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28
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Ikeda Y, Sudo T, Kimura Y. Cilostazol. Platelets 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387837-3.00057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Merrill-Skoloff G, Dubois C, Atkinson B, Furie B, Furie B. Real Time In Vivo Imaging of Platelets During Thrombus Formation. Platelets 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387837-3.00031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Purinergic system ecto-enzymes participate in the thromboregulation of patients with indeterminate form of Chagas disease. Purinergic Signal 2012; 8:753-62. [PMID: 22752606 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-012-9322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is a chronic and endemic illness caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Microvascular disturbances play an important role in the progress of the disease. The purinergic signaling system participates in regulatory functions, such as immunomodulation, neuroprotection, and thromboregulation. This study aimed to investigate the activities of purinergic system ecto-enzymes present on the platelet surface and the platelet aggregation profile from patients with indeterminate form of Chagas disease (IFCD). Thirty patients diagnosed with IFCD and 30 healthy subjects were selected. Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase), ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (E-NPP), ecto-5'-nucleotidase (E-5'-NT) and ecto-adenosine deaminase (E-ADA) activities were measured in platelets isolated from these individuals as well as the platelet aggregation. Results demonstrated an increase of 21 % in the E-NPP activity and 30 % in the E-5'-NT activity in IFCD group (P < 0.05); however, a decrease of 34 % in the E-ADA activity was determined in the same group (P < 0.001). A significant decrease of 12.7 % and 12.8 % in the platelet aggregation of IFCD group in two different concentrations of ADP (5 and 10 μM) was observed, respectively (P < 0.05). Increased E-NPP and E-5-NT activities as well as decreased E-ADA activity in platelets of patients with IFCD contributed to decrease platelet aggregation, suggesting that the purinergic system is involved in the thromboregulation process in these patients, since adenosine (the final product of ATP hydrolysis) has cardioprotective and vasodilator effects that prevent the clinical progress of the disease.
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31
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Ashitate Y, Kim SH, Tanaka E, Henary M, Choi HS, Frangioni JV, Flaumenhaft R. Two-wavelength near-infrared fluorescence for the quantitation of drug antiplatelet effects in large animal model systems. J Vasc Surg 2012; 56:171-80. [PMID: 22503225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intraoperative imaging of intravascular thrombi is limited by the inability of visible light to penetrate thick-walled vessels. Near-infrared (NIR) light has relatively high tissue penetration and low autofluorescence and scatter, offering significant advantages. We hypothesized that the development of 700-nm NIR fluorophores for platelet labeling, in conjunction with existing 800-nm NIR fluorophores, would permit simultaneous and separable quantitation of intravascular thrombi and measurement of the antiplatelet effect of drugs. METHODS We synthesized a series of lipophilic, cationic, polymethine indocyanine dyes (MHI-86, 94, 106, and 114) that emit at approximately 700 nm. Platelet uptake was optimized in vitro and the bioactivity and blood half-life of labeled platelets was characterized in vitro and in vivo. FeCl(3)-induced injury of the femoral arteries and intravascular thrombus formation was performed in 35-kg Yorkshire pigs. A combination of 700-nm and 800-nm NIR fluorophore-labeled platelets was used in conjunction with the fluorescence-assisted resection and exploration imaging system to image and quantify the antiplatelet effect of cilostazol and acetylsalicylic acid. RESULTS MHI-114 was incorporated at nearly 4.1 × 10(6) molecules per platelet without affecting platelet function. When infused into pigs, the signal-to-background ratio of MHI-114-labeled platelets exhibited a blood half-life of 16.4 ± 2.2 (mean ± SEM; n = 3) minute and generated a signal-to-background ratio of 2.5 ± 0.5 (mean ± SEM; n = 3) at the site of thrombi. Using dual-NIR-labeled platelet populations, cilostazol and acetylsalicylic acid were found to cause a reduction in platelet incorporation into thrombi of 51 ± 2% and 10 ± 1% (mean ± SEM; n = 3), respectively, relative to vehicle-only treated control thrombi. CONCLUSIONS New platelet-avid 700-nm NIR fluorophores permit simultaneous two-wavelength NIR fluorescence imaging and quantitation of intravascular thrombi in intact vessels approaching the size of humans and can be used to study the antiplatelet effect of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Ashitate
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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32
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Dockendorff C, Aisiku O, VerPlank L, Dilks JR, Smith DA, Gunnink SF, Dowal L, Negri J, Palmer M, MacPherson L, Schreiber SL, Flaumenhaft R. Discovery of 1,3-Diaminobenzenes as Selective Inhibitors of Platelet Activation at the PAR1 Receptor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:232-237. [PMID: 22408714 PMCID: PMC3297361 DOI: 10.1021/ml2002696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
A high-throughput screen of the NIH-MLSMR compound collection,
along with a series of secondary assays to identify potential targets
of hit compounds, previously identified a 1,3-diaminobenzene scaffold
that targets protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1). We now report additional
structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies that delineate
the requirements for activity at PAR1 and identify plasma-stable analogues
with nanomolar inhibition of PAR1-mediated platelet activation. Compound 4 was declared as a probe (ML161) with the NIH Molecular Libraries
Program. This compound inhibited platelet aggregation induced by a
PAR1 peptide agonist or by thrombin but not by several other platelet
agonists. Initial studies suggest that ML161 is an allosteric inhibitor
of PAR1. These findings may be important for the discovery of antithrombotics
with an improved safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Dockendorff
- Chemical Biology Platform and
Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02142, United States
| | - Omozuanvbo Aisiku
- Division
of Hemostasis and Thrombosis,
Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,
United States
| | - Lynn VerPlank
- Chemical Biology Platform and
Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02142, United States
| | - James R. Dilks
- Division
of Hemostasis and Thrombosis,
Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,
United States
| | - Daniel A. Smith
- Division
of Hemostasis and Thrombosis,
Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,
United States
| | - Susanna F. Gunnink
- Division
of Hemostasis and Thrombosis,
Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,
United States
| | - Louisa Dowal
- Division
of Hemostasis and Thrombosis,
Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,
United States
| | - Joseph Negri
- Chemical Biology Platform and
Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02142, United States
| | - Michelle Palmer
- Chemical Biology Platform and
Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02142, United States
| | - Lawrence MacPherson
- Chemical Biology Platform and
Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02142, United States
| | - Stuart L. Schreiber
- Chemical Biology Platform and
Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02142, United States
- Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division
of Hemostasis and Thrombosis,
Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,
United States
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33
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Abstract
Endothelial prostacyclin and nitric oxide potently inhibit platelet functions. Prostacyclin and nitric oxide actions are mediated by platelet adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases, which synthesize cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP), respectively. Cyclic nucleotides stimulate cAMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A [PKA]I and PKAII) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase G [PKG]I) to phosphorylate a broad panel of substrate proteins. Substrate phosphorylation results in the inactivation of small G-proteins of the Ras and Rho families, inhibition of the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores, and modulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Thus, PKA/PKG substrates translate prostacyclin and nitric oxide signals into a block of platelet adhesion, granule release, and aggregation. cAMP and cGMP are degraded by phosphodiesterases, which might restrict signaling to specific subcellular compartments. An emerging principle of cyclic nucleotide signaling in platelets is the high degree of interconnection between activating and cAMP/cGMP-dependent inhibitory signaling pathways at all levels, including cAMP/cGMP synthesis and breakdown, and PKA/PKG-mediated substrate phosphorylation. Furthermore, defects in cAMP/cGMP pathways might contribute to platelet hyperreactivity in cardiovascular disease. This article focuses on recent insights into the regulation of the cAMP/cGMP signaling network and on new targets of PKA and PKG in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Smolenski
- UCD Conway Institute, UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
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34
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Erdem SS, Sazonova IY, Hara T, Jaffer FA, McCarthy JR. Detection and Treatment of Intravascular Thrombi with Magnetofluorescent Nanoparticles. Methods Enzymol 2012; 508:191-209. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-391860-4.00010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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35
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dos Santos Jaques JA, Ruchel JB, Schlemmer KB, Pimentel VC, Bagatini M, Souza VDCG, Moretto MB, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC, Leal DBR. Effects of curcumin on the activities of the enzymes that hydrolyse adenine nucleotides in platelets from cigarette smoke-exposed rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:630-5. [PMID: 22139626 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of curcumin (Cur) on the activity of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (CD39), 5'-nucleotidase (CD73) and adenosine deaminase in platelets of cigarette smoke-exposed rats. For that purpose, we subjected male Wistar rats to a treatment with Cur and cigarette smoke, once a day, 5 days each week, for 30 days. The rats were treated by gavage with Cur or corn oil and then exposed to cigarette smoke. The experimental procedures were divided into two sets of experiments. In the first, the animals were divided into four groups: vehicle (corn oil) or Cur 12·5, 25 or 50 mg·kg(-1) . In the second, the animals were divided into five groups: vehicle (corn oil), smoke, or smoke and Cur 12·5, 25 or 50 mg·kg(-1) . The results showed that treatment with Cur significantly prevented the increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (121%) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) (159%) and the decreased adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (51%) hydrolysis observed in the cigarette smoke-exposed rats Our results suggest that those purinergic enzyme alterations observed in the cigarette smoke-exposed rats could be related to an excessive platelet aggregation and point toward the potential of Cur to modulate purinergic signalling and, consequently, regulate the thrombus formation.
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36
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Angelillo-Scherrer A, Fontana P, Burnier L, Roth I, Sugamele R, Brisset A, Morel S, Nolli S, Sutter E, Chassot A, Capron C, Borgel D, Saller F, Chanson M, Kwak BR. Connexin 37 limits thrombus propensity by downregulating platelet reactivity. Circulation 2011; 124:930-9. [PMID: 21810657 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.015479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formation of platelet plug initiates hemostasis after vascular injury and triggers thrombosis in ischemic disease. However, the mechanisms leading to the formation of a stable thrombus are poorly understood. Connexins comprise a family of proteins that form gap junctions enabling intercellular coordination of tissue activity, a process termed gap junctional intercellular communication. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we show that megakaryocytes and platelets express connexin 37 (Cx37). Deletion of the Cx37 gene in mice shortens bleeding time and increases thrombus propensity. Aggregation is increased in murine Cx37(-/-) platelets or in murine Cx37(+/+) and human platelets treated with gap junction blockers. Intracellular microinjection of neurobiotin, a Cx37-permeant tracer, revealed gap junctional intercellular communication in platelet aggregates, which was impaired in Cx37(-/-) platelets and in human platelets exposed to gap junction blockers. Finally, healthy subjects homozygous for Cx37-1019C, a prognostic marker for atherosclerosis, display increased platelet responses compared with subjects carrying the Cx37-1019T allele. Expression of these polymorphic channels in communication-deficient cells revealed a decreased permeability of Cx37-1019C channels for neurobiotin. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the establishment of gap junctional communication between Cx37-expressing platelets provides a mechanism to limit thrombus propensity. To our knowledge, these data provide the first evidence incriminating gap junctions in the pathogenesis of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Angelillo-Scherrer
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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37
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Angiolillo DJ, Capranzano P, Ferreiro JL, Ueno M, Capodanno D, Dharmashankar K, Darlington A, Sumner S, Desai B, Charlton RK, Box LC, Zenni M, Guzman LA, Bass TA. Impact of adjunctive cilostazol therapy on platelet function profiles in patients with and without diabetes mellitus on aspirin and clopidogrel therapy. Thromb Haemost 2011; 106:253-62. [PMID: 21614414 DOI: 10.1160/th11-01-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cilostazol is a platelet inhibitor which when added to aspirin and clopidogrel has shown to reduce the risk of recurrent ischaemic events without an increase in bleeding. These clinical benefits have shown to be more pronounced in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, it remains unknown whether cilostazol exerts different pharmacodynamic effects in patients with and without DM. This was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over pharmacodynamic study comparing platelet function in patients with and without DM on aspirin and clopidogrel therapy. Patients (n=111) were randomly assigned to either cilostazol 100 mg or placebo twice daily for 14 days and afterwards crossed-over treatment for another 14 days. Platelet function was performed at baseline, 14 days post-randomisation, and 14 days post-cross-over. Functional testing to assess P2Y12 signalling included flow cytometric analysis of phosphorylation status of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein measured by P2Y12 reactivity index (PRI), light transmittance aggregometry and VerifyNow. Thrombin generation processes were also studied using thrombelastography. Significantly lower PRI values were observed following treatment with cilostazol compared with placebo both in DM and non-DM groups (p < 0.0001). The absolute between-treatment differences of PRI between groups was a 35.1% lower in patients with DM (p=0.039). Similar results were obtained using all other functional measures assessing P2Y12 signalling. Thrombin generation was not affected by cilostazol. Cilostazol reduces platelet reactivity both in patients with and without DM, although these pharmacodynamic effects are enhanced in patients with DM. Despite the marked platelet inhibition, cilostazol does not alter thrombin-mediated haemostatic processes, which may explain its ischaemic benefit without the increased risk of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominick J Angiolillo
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Shands Jacksonville, 655 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA.
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38
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Identification of an antithrombotic allosteric modulator that acts through helix 8 of PAR1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:2951-6. [PMID: 21282664 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1014863108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can assume multiple conformations and possess multiple binding sites. Whereas endogenous agonists acting at the orthosteric binding site stabilize the active receptor conformation, small molecules that act at nonorthosteric sites can stabilize alternative conformations. The large majority of these allosteric modulators associate with extracellular loops of GPCRs. The role of intracellular domains in mediating allosteric modulation is largely unknown. In screening a small-molecule library for inhibitors of platelet activation, we identified a family of compounds that modified PAR1-mediated granule secretion. The most potent inhibitory compound, termed JF5, also demonstrated noncompetitive inhibition of the α(2A)-adrenergic receptor. Aggregation studies using a battery of platelet GPCR agonists demonstrated that sensitivity to JF5 was limited to GPCRs that possessed a constrained eighth helix, as defined by a C-terminal palmitoylation site and interactions with TM7 and the i1 loop. Inhibition by JF5 was overcome in a PAR1 mutant in which the eighth helix was deleted, confirming a role for helix 8 in JF5 activity. Evaluation of downstream signaling showed that JF5 was selective with regard to G protein coupling, blocking signaling mediated by G(αq) but not G(α12). The compound inhibited thrombus formation in vivo following vascular injury with an IC(50) of ∼1 mg/kg. These results indicate a role for helix 8 in conferring sensitivity to small molecules, and show that this sensitivity can be exploited to control platelet activation during thrombus formation.
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39
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Yamanouchi J, Hato T, Niiya T, Nakagawa K, Kumon Y, Fujiwara H, Yakushijin Y, Yasukawa M. Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation assay for platelet response to cilostazol. Platelets 2010; 22:135-42. [DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2010.525976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Johnston-Cox HA, Yang D, Ravid K. Physiological implications of adenosine receptor-mediated platelet aggregation. J Cell Physiol 2010; 226:46-51. [PMID: 20717958 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is an important mediator of inhibition of platelet activation. This metabolite is released from various cells, as well as generated via activity of ecto-enzymes on the cell surface. Binding of adenosine to A(2) subtypes (A(2A) or A(2B)), G-protein coupled adenosine receptors, results in increased levels of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a strong inhibitor of platelet activation. The role and importance of adenosine and its receptors in platelet physiology are addressed in this review, including recently identified roles for the A(2B) adenosine receptor as a modulator of platelet activation through its newly described role in the control of expression of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary A Johnston-Cox
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Evans Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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41
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Thrombospondin-1 induces platelet activation through CD36-dependent inhibition of the cAMP/protein kinase A signaling cascade. Blood 2010; 116:4297-306. [PMID: 20664056 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-01-265561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent signaling modulates platelet function at sites of vascular injury. Here we show that thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) prevents cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling through a CD36-dependent mechanism. Prostaglandin E₁ (PGE₁) induced a robust inhibition of both platelet aggregation and platelet arrest under physiologic conditions of flow. Exogenous TSP-1 reduced significantly PGE₁-mediated inhibition of both platelet aggregation and platelet arrest. TSP-1 prevented PGE₁-stimulated cAMP accrual and phosphorylation of PKA substrates, through a mechanism requiring phosphodiesterase3A. TSP-1 also inhibited VASP phosphorylation stimulated by the nonhydrolyzable cAMP analog, 8-bromo-cAMP, indicating that it may regulate cAMP-mediated activation of PKA. The inhibitory effect of TSP-1 on cAMP signaling could be reproduced with a peptide possessing a CD36 binding sequence of TSP-1, while the effects of TSP-1 were prevented by a CD36 blocking antibody. TSP-1 and the CD36 binding peptide induced phosphorylation of Src kinases, p38 and JNK. Moreover, inhibition of Src kinases blocked TSP-1-mediated regulation of cAMP concentrations and the phosphorylation of VASP, indicating that TSP-1 modulated the cAMP/PKA signaling events through a tyrosine kinase-dependent pathway downstream of CD36. These data reveal a new role for TSP-1 in promoting platelet aggregation through modulation of the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway.
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42
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Yang D, Chen H, Koupenova M, Carroll SH, Eliades A, Freedman JE, Toselli P, Ravid K. A new role for the A2b adenosine receptor in regulating platelet function. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:817-27. [PMID: 20102488 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of platelets is a critical component of atherothrombosis and plays a central role in the progression of unstable cardiovascular syndromes. Adenosine, acting through adenosine receptors, increases intracellular cAMP levels and inhibits platelet aggregation. The A2a adenosine receptor has already been recognized as a mediator of adenosine-dependent effects on platelet aggregation, and here we present a new role for the A2b adenosine receptor (A2bAR) in this process. METHODS AND RESULTS As compared with platelets from wild-type controls, platelets derived from A2bAR knockout mice have significantly greater ADP receptor activation-induced aggregation. Although mouse megakaryocytes and platelets express low levels of the A2bAR transcript, this gene is highly upregulated following injury and systemic inflammation in vivo. Under these conditions, A2bAR-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation significantly increases. Our studies also identify a novel mechanism by which the A2bAR could regulate platelet aggregation; namely, ablation of the A2bAR leads to upregulated expression of the P2Y1 ADP receptor, whereas A2bAR-mediated or direct elevation of cAMP has the opposite effect. Thus, the A2bAR regulates platelet function beyond mediating the immediate effect of adenosine on aggregation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these investigations show for the first time that the platelet A2bAR is upregulated under stress in vivo, plays a significant role in regulating ADP receptor expression, and inhibits agonist-induced platelet aggregation.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists
- Adenosine Diphosphate/blood
- Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide)/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blood Platelets/drug effects
- Blood Platelets/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Femoral Artery/injuries
- Femoral Artery/metabolism
- Genotype
- Inflammation/chemically induced
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Megakaryocytes/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Phenotype
- Platelet Aggregation/drug effects
- Platelet Aggregation/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- Receptor, Adenosine A2B/blood
- Receptor, Adenosine A2B/deficiency
- Receptor, Adenosine A2B/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/blood
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1
- Time Factors
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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43
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Abstract
Nanomedicine has become an important tool in the imaging and therapy of numerous diseases. This is due, in large part, to the ability to generate multifunctional nanoagents bearing combinations of targeting, diagnostic, and therapeutic moieties, allowing for the tailoring of the properties of the synthesized nanomaterials. With respect to cardiovascular disease and its sequelae, nanomedicine has the potential to detect and treat some of the leading causes of death and disability in the developed world, including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and myocardial infarction. As such, this review focuses on some of the most poignant examples of the utility of nanomedicine in the detection and treatment of cardiovascular disease that have been recently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R McCarthy
- The Center for Molecular Imaging Research and The Center for Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 6th Floor, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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44
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McCarthy JR, Patel P, Botnaru I, Haghayeghi P, Weissleder R, Jaffer FA. Multimodal nanoagents for the detection of intravascular thrombi. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:1251-5. [PMID: 19456115 DOI: 10.1021/bc9001163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis underlies numerous life-threatening cardiovascular syndromes. Development of thrombosis-specific molecular imaging agents to detect and monitor thrombogenesis and fibrinolysis in vivo could improve the diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment of thrombosis syndromes. To this end, we have synthesized efficient multimodal nanoagents targeted to two different constituents of thrombi, namely, fibrin and activated factor XIII. These agents are targeted via the conjugation of peptide-targeting ligands to the surface of fluorescently labeled magnetic nanoparticles. As demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo studies, both nanoagents possess high affinities for thrombi, and enable mutimodal fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R McCarthy
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Room 5406, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
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Kleiman NS, Freedman JE, Tracy PB, Furie BC, Bray PF, Rao SV, Phillips DR, Storey RF, Rusconi CP, French PA, Steinhubl SR, Becker RC. Platelets: Developmental biology, physiology, and translatable platforms for preclinical investigation and drug development. Platelets 2009; 19:239-51. [DOI: 10.1080/09537100801947442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
Individuals whose platelets lack dense or alpha-granules suffer various degrees of abnormal bleeding, implying that granule cargo contributes to hemostasis. Despite these clinical observations, little is known regarding the effects of impaired platelet granule secretion on thrombus formation in vivo. In platelets, SNARE proteins mediate the membrane fusion events required for granule cargo release. Endobrevin/VAMP-8 is the primary vesicle-SNARE (v-SNARE) responsible for efficient release of dense and alpha-granule contents; thus, VAMP-8(-/-) mice are a useful model to evaluate the importance of platelet granule secretion in thrombus formation. Thrombus formation, after laser-induced vascular injury, in these mice is delayed and decreased, but not absent. In contrast, thrombus formation is almost completely abolished in the mouse model of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, ruby-eye, which lacks dense granules. Evaluation of aggregation of VAMP-8(-/-) and ruby-eye platelets indicates that defective ADP release is the primary abnormality leading to impaired aggregation. These results demonstrate the importance of dense granule release even in the earliest phases of thrombus formation and validate the distal platelet secretory machinery as a potential target for antiplatelet therapies.
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47
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Cilostazol and pentoxifylline decrease angiogenesis, inflammation, and fibrosis in sponge-induced intraperitoneal adhesion in mice. Life Sci 2009; 84:537-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kuijpers MJE, Gilio K, Reitsma S, Nergiz-Unal R, Prinzen L, Heeneman S, Lutgens E, van Zandvoort MAMJ, Nieswandt B, Egbrink MGAO, Heemskerk JWM. Complementary roles of platelets and coagulation in thrombus formation on plaques acutely ruptured by targeted ultrasound treatment: a novel intravital model. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:152-61. [PMID: 18983512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherothrombosis is a major cause of cardiovascular events. However, animal models to study this process are scarce. OBJECTIVES We describe the first murine model of acute thrombus formation upon plaque rupture to study atherothrombosis by intravital fluorescence microscopy. METHODS Localized rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque in a carotid artery from Apoe(-/-) mice was induced in vivo using ultrasound. Rupture of the plaque and formation of localized thrombi were verified by two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) in isolated arteries, and by immunohistochemistry. The thrombotic reaction was quantified by intravital fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Inspection of the ultrasound-treated plaques by histochemistry and TPLSM demonstrated local damage, collagen exposure, luminal thrombus formation as well as intra-plaque intrusion of erythrocytes and fibrin. Ultrasound treatment of healthy carotid arteries resulted in endothelial damage and limited platelet adhesion. Real-time intravital fluorescence microscopy demonstrated rapid platelet deposition on plaques and formation of a single thrombus that remained subocclusive. The thrombotic process was antagonized by thrombin inhibition, or by blocking of collagen or adenosine diphosphate receptor pathways. Multiple thrombi were formed in 70% of mice lacking CD40L. CONCLUSIONS Targeted rupture of murine plaques results in collagen exposure and non-occlusive thrombus formation. The thrombotic process relies on platelet activation as well as on thrombin generation and coagulation, and is sensitive to established and novel antithrombotic medication. This model provides new possibilities to study atherothrombosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J E Kuijpers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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49
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The critical roles of cyclic AMP/cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in platelet physiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-008-0098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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Barrett NE, Holbrook L, Jones S, Kaiser WJ, Moraes LA, Rana R, Sage T, Stanley RG, Tucker KL, Wright B, Gibbins JM. Future innovations in anti-platelet therapies. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154:918-39. [PMID: 18587441 PMCID: PMC2451055 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets have long been recognized to be of central importance in haemostasis, but their participation in pathological conditions such as thrombosis, atherosclerosis and inflammation is now also well established. The platelet has therefore become a key target in therapies to combat cardiovascular disease. Anti-platelet therapies are used widely, but current approaches lack efficacy in a proportion of patients, and are associated with side effects including problem bleeding. In the last decade, substantial progress has been made in understanding the regulation of platelet function, including the characterization of new ligands, platelet-specific receptors and cell signalling pathways. It is anticipated this progress will impact positively on the future innovations towards more effective and safer anti-platelet agents. In this review, the mechanisms of platelet regulation and current anti-platelet therapies are introduced, and strong, and some more speculative, potential candidate target molecules for future anti-platelet drug development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Barrett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading Berkshire, UK
| | - L Holbrook
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading Berkshire, UK
| | - S Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading Berkshire, UK
| | - W J Kaiser
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading Berkshire, UK
| | - L A Moraes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading Berkshire, UK
| | - R Rana
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading Berkshire, UK
| | - T Sage
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading Berkshire, UK
| | - R G Stanley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading Berkshire, UK
| | - K L Tucker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading Berkshire, UK
| | - B Wright
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading Berkshire, UK
| | - J M Gibbins
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading Berkshire, UK
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