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Wu Z, Xie L, Yuan P, Chu Y, Peng H. WDR68 stimulates cellular proliferation via activating ribosome biogenesis in 293T cells. Neoplasia 2024; 56:101033. [PMID: 39067242 PMCID: PMC11372390 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.101033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
WDR68, a conserved WD40 repeat-containing protein, interacts with E1A and is involved in the E1A-induced cell proliferation and oncogenic transformation, but the intrinsic molecular mechanisms of this process remain to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that WDR68 promotes the proliferation of 293T cells by interacting with a series of ribosome biogenesis-regulating proteins. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of RNA-seq data also revealed that the ribosome biogenesis-associated gene signatures could be the most significantly enriched in the WDR68 expression groups. In accordance, 293T cells are more sensitive to the ribosome biogenesis inhibitors than 293 cells. Taken together, our results indicated that WDR68 could promote cell proliferation through the activation of ribosome biogenesis in the 293T cell context. This provides new insights into the understanding of the function of WDR68 and the molecular characterisation of 293T tool cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Wu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Lanfeng Xie
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yimin Chu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Haixia Peng
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
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2
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Wang B, Vartak R, Zaltsman Y, Naing ZZC, Hennick KM, Polacco BJ, Bashir A, Eckhardt M, Bouhaddou M, Xu J, Sun N, Lasser MC, Zhou Y, McKetney J, Guiley KZ, Chan U, Kaye JA, Chadha N, Cakir M, Gordon M, Khare P, Drake S, Drury V, Burke DF, Gonzalez S, Alkhairy S, Thomas R, Lam S, Morris M, Bader E, Seyler M, Baum T, Krasnoff R, Wang S, Pham P, Arbalaez J, Pratt D, Chag S, Mahmood N, Rolland T, Bourgeron T, Finkbeiner S, Swaney DL, Bandyopadhay S, Ideker T, Beltrao P, Willsey HR, Obernier K, Nowakowski TJ, Hüttenhain R, State MW, Willsey AJ, Krogan NJ. A foundational atlas of autism protein interactions reveals molecular convergence. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.03.569805. [PMID: 38076945 PMCID: PMC10705567 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.03.569805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Translating high-confidence (hc) autism spectrum disorder (ASD) genes into viable treatment targets remains elusive. We constructed a foundational protein-protein interaction (PPI) network in HEK293T cells involving 100 hcASD risk genes, revealing over 1,800 PPIs (87% novel). Interactors, expressed in the human brain and enriched for ASD but not schizophrenia genetic risk, converged on protein complexes involved in neurogenesis, tubulin biology, transcriptional regulation, and chromatin modification. A PPI map of 54 patient-derived missense variants identified differential physical interactions, and we leveraged AlphaFold-Multimer predictions to prioritize direct PPIs and specific variants for interrogation in Xenopus tropicalis and human forebrain organoids. A mutation in the transcription factor FOXP1 led to reconfiguration of DNA binding sites and altered development of deep cortical layer neurons in forebrain organoids. This work offers new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying ASD and describes a powerful platform to develop and test therapeutic strategies for many genetically-defined conditions.
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3
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Pinsky M, Kornitzer D. Genetic Analysis of Candida albicans Filamentation by the Iron Chelator BPS Reveals a Role for a Conserved Kinase-WD40 Protein Pair. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:83. [PMID: 38276029 PMCID: PMC10820326 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a major human pathogenic fungus that is distinguished by its capability to switch from a yeast to a hyphal morphology under different conditions. Here, we analyze the cellular effects of high concentrations of the iron chelator bathophenanthroline disulfonate (BPS). BPS inhibits cellular growth by withholding iron, but when iron chelation is overcome by the addition of hemoglobin as an iron source, the cells resume growth as hyphae. The BPS hyphal induction pathway was characterized by identifying the hyphal-specific transcription factors that it requires and by a forward genetic screen for mutants that fail to form hyphae in BPS using a transposon library generated in a haploid strain. Among the mutants identified are the DYRK1-like kinase Yak1 and Orf19.384, a homolog of the DYRK1-associated protein WDR68/DCAF7. Orf19.384 nuclear localization depends on Yak1, similar to their mammalian counterparts. We identified the hyphal suppressor transcription factor Sfl1 as a candidate target of Yak1-Orf19.384 and show that Sfl1 modification is similarly affected in the yak1 and orf19.384 mutant strains. These results suggest that DYRK1/Yak1 and WDR68/Orf19.384 represent a conserved protein pair that regulates cell differentiation from fungi to animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Kornitzer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—I.I.T., Haifa 31096, Israel;
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4
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Wang T, Wang X, Liu Z, Shi X, Ren W, Huang B, Liang H, Wang C, Chai W. Genotypes and haplotype combination of DCAF7 gene sequence variants are associated with number of thoracolumbar vertebrae and carcass traits in Dezhou donkey. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2149538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziwen Liu
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Shi
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Ren
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingjian Huang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huili Liang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changfa Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqiong Chai
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Ananthapadmanabhan V, Shows KH, Dickinson AJ, Litovchick L. Insights from the protein interaction Universe of the multifunctional "Goldilocks" kinase DYRK1A. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1277537. [PMID: 37900285 PMCID: PMC10600473 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1277537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Dual specificity tyrosine (Y)-Regulated Kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is encoded by a dosage-dependent gene located in the Down syndrome critical region of human chromosome 21. The known substrates of DYRK1A include proteins involved in transcription, cell cycle control, DNA repair and other processes. However, the function and regulation of this kinase is not fully understood, and the current knowledge does not fully explain the dosage-dependent function of this kinase. Several recent proteomic studies identified DYRK1A interacting proteins in several human cell lines. Interestingly, several of known protein substrates of DYRK1A were undetectable in these studies, likely due to a transient nature of the kinase-substrate interaction. It is possible that the stronger-binding DYRK1A interacting proteins, many of which are poorly characterized, are involved in regulatory functions by recruiting DYRK1A to the specific subcellular compartments or distinct signaling pathways. Better understanding of these DYRK1A-interacting proteins could help to decode the cellular processes regulated by this important protein kinase during embryonic development and in the adult organism. Here, we review the current knowledge of the biochemical and functional characterization of the DYRK1A protein-protein interaction network and discuss its involvement in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Ananthapadmanabhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Kathryn H. Shows
- Department of Biology, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA, United States
| | - Amanda J. Dickinson
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Larisa Litovchick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, United States
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6
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Henke K, Farmer DT, Niu X, Kraus JM, Galloway JL, Youngstrom DW. Genetically engineered zebrafish as models of skeletal development and regeneration. Bone 2023; 167:116611. [PMID: 36395960 PMCID: PMC11080330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are aquatic vertebrates with significant homology to their terrestrial counterparts. While zebrafish have a centuries-long track record in developmental and regenerative biology, their utility has grown exponentially with the onset of modern genetics. This is exemplified in studies focused on skeletal development and repair. Herein, the numerous contributions of zebrafish to our understanding of the basic science of cartilage, bone, tendon/ligament, and other skeletal tissues are described, with a particular focus on applications to development and regeneration. We summarize the genetic strengths that have made the zebrafish a powerful model to understand skeletal biology. We also highlight the large body of existing tools and techniques available to understand skeletal development and repair in the zebrafish and introduce emerging methods that will aid in novel discoveries in skeletal biology. Finally, we review the unique contributions of zebrafish to our understanding of regeneration and highlight diverse routes of repair in different contexts of injury. We conclude that zebrafish will continue to fill a niche of increasing breadth and depth in the study of basic cellular mechanisms of skeletal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Henke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - D'Juan T Farmer
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Xubo Niu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Jessica M Kraus
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Jenna L Galloway
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Daniel W Youngstrom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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7
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Frendo-Cumbo S, Li T, Ammendolia DA, Coyaud E, Laurent EM, Liu Y, Bilan PJ, Polevoy G, Raught B, Brill JA, Klip A, Brumell JH. DCAF7 regulates cell proliferation through IRS1-FOXO1 signaling. iScience 2022; 25:105188. [PMID: 36248734 PMCID: PMC9556925 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell proliferation is dependent on growth factors insulin and IGF1. We sought to identify interactors of IRS1, the most proximal mediator of insulin/IGF1 signaling, that regulate cell proliferation. Using proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID), we detected 40 proteins displaying proximal interactions with IRS1, including DCAF7 and its interacting partners DYRK1A and DYRK1B. In HepG2 cells, DCAF7 knockdown attenuated cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest at G2. DCAF7 expression was required for insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation, and its absence promoted nuclear localization of the transcription factor FOXO1. DCAF7 knockdown induced expression of FOXO1-target genes implicated in G2 cell cycle inhibition, correlating with G2 cell cycle arrest. In Drosophila melanogaster, wing-specific knockdown of DCAF7/wap caused smaller wing size and lower wing cell number; the latter recovered upon double knockdown of wap and dfoxo. We propose that DCAF7 regulates cell proliferation and cell cycle via IRS1-FOXO1 signaling, of relevance to whole organism growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Frendo-Cumbo
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Taoyingnan Li
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Dustin A. Ammendolia
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Etienne Coyaud
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Estelle M.N. Laurent
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Yuan Liu
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Philip J. Bilan
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Gordon Polevoy
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Julie A. Brill
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - John H. Brumell
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada,SickKids IBD Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada,Corresponding author
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8
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Papenfuss M, Lützow S, Wilms G, Babendreyer A, Flaßhoff M, Kunick C, Becker W. Differential maturation and chaperone dependence of the paralogous protein kinases DYRK1A and DYRK1B. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2393. [PMID: 35165364 PMCID: PMC8844047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The HSP90/CDC37 chaperone system not only assists the maturation of many protein kinases but also maintains their structural integrity after folding. The interaction of mature kinases with the HSP90/CDC37 complex is governed by the conformational stability of the catalytic domain, while the initial folding of the protein kinase domain is mechanistically less well characterized. DYRK1A (Dual-specificity tyrosine (Y)-phosphorylation Regulated protein Kinase 1A) and DYRK1B are closely related protein kinases with discordant HSP90 client status. DYRK kinases stoichiometrically autophosphorylate on a tyrosine residue immediately after folding, which served us as a traceable marker of successful maturation. In the present study, we used bacterial expression systems to compare the capacity of autonomous maturation of DYRK1A and DYRK1B in the absence of eukaryotic cofactors or chaperones. Under these conditions, autophosphorylation of human DYRK1B was severely compromised when compared with DYRK1A or DYRK1B orthologs from zebrafish and Xenopus. Maturation of human DYRK1B could be restored by bacterial expression at lower temperatures, suggesting that folding was not absolutely dependent on eukaryotic chaperones. The differential folding properties of DYRK1A and DYRK1B were largely due to divergent sequences of the C-terminal lobes of the catalytic domain. Furthermore, the mature kinase domain of DYRK1B featured lower thermal stability than that of DYRK1A when exposed to heat challenge in vitro or in living cells. In summary, our study enhances the mechanistic understanding of the differential thermodynamic properties of two closely related protein kinases during initial folding and as mature kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Papenfuss
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Svenja Lützow
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerrit Wilms
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aaron Babendreyer
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maren Flaßhoff
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Conrad Kunick
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Walter Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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9
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Marí-Beffa M, Mesa-Román AB, Duran I. Zebrafish Models for Human Skeletal Disorders. Front Genet 2021; 12:675331. [PMID: 34490030 PMCID: PMC8418114 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.675331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the Nosology Committee of the International Skeletal Dysplasia Society provided an updated version of the Nosology and Classification of Genetic Skeletal Disorders. This is a reference list of recognized diseases in humans and their causal genes published to help clinician diagnosis and scientific research advances. Complementary to mammalian models, zebrafish has emerged as an interesting species to evaluate chemical treatments against these human skeletal disorders. Due to its versatility and the low cost of experiments, more than 80 models are currently available. In this article, we review the state-of-art of this “aquarium to bedside” approach describing the models according to the list provided by the Nosology Committee. With this, we intend to stimulate research in the appropriate direction to efficiently meet the actual needs of clinicians under the scope of the Nosology Committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Marí-Beffa
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana B Mesa-Román
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
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10
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Asante E, Hummel D, Gurung S, Kassim YM, Al-Shakarji N, Palaniappan K, Sittaramane V, Chandrasekhar A. Defective Neuronal Positioning Correlates With Aberrant Motor Circuit Function in Zebrafish. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:690475. [PMID: 34248505 PMCID: PMC8265374 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.690475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise positioning of neurons resulting from cell division and migration during development is critical for normal brain function. Disruption of neuronal migration can cause a myriad of neurological disorders. To investigate the functional consequences of defective neuronal positioning on circuit function, we studied a zebrafish frizzled3a (fzd3a) loss-of-function mutant off-limits (olt) where the facial branchiomotor (FBM) neurons fail to migrate out of their birthplace. A jaw movement assay, which measures the opening of the zebrafish jaw (gape), showed that the frequency of gape events, but not their amplitude, was decreased in olt mutants. Consistent with this, a larval feeding assay revealed decreased food intake in olt mutants, indicating that the FBM circuit in mutants generates defective functional outputs. We tested various mechanisms that could generate defective functional outputs in mutants. While fzd3a is ubiquitously expressed in neural and non-neural tissues, jaw cartilage and muscle developed normally in olt mutants, and muscle function also appeared to be unaffected. Although FBM neurons were mispositioned in olt mutants, axon pathfinding to jaw muscles was unaffected. Moreover, neuromuscular junctions established by FBM neurons on jaw muscles were similar between wildtype siblings and olt mutants. Interestingly, motor axons innervating the interhyoideus jaw muscle were frequently defasciculated in olt mutants. Furthermore, GCaMP imaging revealed that mutant FBM neurons were less active than their wildtype counterparts. These data show that aberrant positioning of FBM neurons in olt mutants is correlated with subtle defects in fasciculation and neuronal activity, potentially generating defective functional outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Asante
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Devynn Hummel
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Suman Gurung
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, FL, United States
| | - Yasmin M Kassim
- Computational Imaging and VisAnalysis (CIVA) Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Noor Al-Shakarji
- Computational Imaging and VisAnalysis (CIVA) Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kannappan Palaniappan
- Computational Imaging and VisAnalysis (CIVA) Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Vinoth Sittaramane
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States
| | - Anand Chandrasekhar
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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11
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Starbuck JM, Llambrich S, Gonzàlez R, Albaigès J, Sarlé A, Wouters J, González A, Sevillano X, Sharpe J, De La Torre R, Dierssen M, Vande Velde G, Martínez-Abadías N. Green tea extracts containing epigallocatechin-3-gallate modulate facial development in Down syndrome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4715. [PMID: 33633179 PMCID: PMC7907288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Down syndrome, DS) alters development of multiple organ systems, including the face and underlying skeleton. Besides causing stigmata, these facial dysmorphologies can impair vital functions such as hearing, breathing, mastication, and health. To investigate the therapeutic potential of green tea extracts containing epigallocatechin-3-gallate (GTE-EGCG) for alleviating facial dysmorphologies associated with DS, we performed an experimental study with continued pre- and postnatal treatment with two doses of GTE-EGCG supplementation in a mouse model of DS, and an observational study of children with DS whose parents administered EGCG as a green tea supplement. We evaluated the effect of high (100 mg/kg/day) or low doses (30 mg/kg/day) of GTE-EGCG, administered from embryonic day 9 to post-natal day 29, on the facial skeletal development in the Ts65Dn mouse model. In a cross-sectional observational study, we assessed the facial shape in DS and evaluated the effects of self-medication with green tea extracts in children from 0 to 18 years old. The main outcomes are 3D quantitative morphometric measures of the face, acquired either with micro-computed tomography (animal study) or photogrammetry (human study). The lowest experimentally tested GTE-EGCG dose improved the facial skeleton morphology in a mouse model of DS. In humans, GTE-EGCG supplementation was associated with reduced facial dysmorphology in children with DS when treatment was administered during the first 3 years of life. However, higher GTE-EGCG dosing disrupted normal development and increased facial dysmorphology in both trisomic and euploid mice. We conclude that GTE-EGCG modulates facial development with dose-dependent effects. Considering the potentially detrimental effects observed in mice, the therapeutic relevance of controlled GTE-EGCG administration towards reducing facial dysmorphology in young children with Down syndrome has yet to be confirmed by clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Starbuck
- Department of Anthropology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sergi Llambrich
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI Unit/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Rubèn Gonzàlez
- GREAB-Research Group in Biological Anthropology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Albaigès
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Rare Diseases-CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Sarlé
- GREAB-Research Group in Biological Anthropology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jens Wouters
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI Unit/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Alejandro González
- GTM-Grup de Recerca en Tecnologies Mèdia, Universitat Ramon Llull, La Salle, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Sevillano
- GTM-Grup de Recerca en Tecnologies Mèdia, Universitat Ramon Llull, La Salle, Barcelona, Spain
| | - James Sharpe
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- EMBL Barcelona, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael De La Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition-CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Rare Diseases-CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI Unit/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Neus Martínez-Abadías
- GREAB-Research Group in Biological Anthropology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (BEECA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- EMBL Barcelona, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Delbaere S, De Clercq A, Mizumoto S, Noborn F, Bek JW, Alluyn L, Gistelinck C, Syx D, Salmon PL, Coucke PJ, Larson G, Yamada S, Willaert A, Malfait F. b3galt6 Knock-Out Zebrafish Recapitulate β3GalT6-Deficiency Disorders in Human and Reveal a Trisaccharide Proteoglycan Linkage Region. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:597857. [PMID: 33363150 PMCID: PMC7758351 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.597857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are structurally and functionally diverse biomacromolecules found abundantly on cell membranes and in the extracellular matrix. They consist of a core protein linked to glycosaminoglycan chains via a tetrasaccharide linkage region. Here, we show that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated b3galt6 knock-out zebrafish, lacking galactosyltransferase II, which adds the third sugar in the linkage region, largely recapitulate the phenotypic abnormalities seen in human β3GalT6-deficiency disorders. These comprise craniofacial dysmorphism, generalized skeletal dysplasia, skin involvement and indications for muscle hypotonia. In-depth TEM analysis revealed disturbed collagen fibril organization as the most consistent ultrastructural characteristic throughout different affected tissues. Strikingly, despite a strong reduction in glycosaminoglycan content, as demonstrated by anion-exchange HPLC, subsequent LC-MS/MS analysis revealed a small amount of proteoglycans containing a unique linkage region consisting of only three sugars. This implies that formation of glycosaminoglycans with an immature linkage region is possible in a pathogenic context. Our study, therefore unveils a novel rescue mechanism for proteoglycan production in the absence of galactosyltransferase II, hereby opening new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Delbaere
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adelbert De Clercq
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fredrik Noborn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Willem Bek
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Alluyn
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Gistelinck
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Delfien Syx
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Paul J. Coucke
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Göran Larson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Andy Willaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fransiska Malfait
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Filipek-Górniok B, Habicher J, Ledin J, Kjellén L. Heparan Sulfate Biosynthesis in Zebrafish. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 69:49-60. [PMID: 33216642 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420973980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans occurs in the Golgi compartment of cells and will determine the sulfation pattern of HS chains, which in turn will have a large impact on the biological activity of the proteoglycans. Earlier studies in mice have demonstrated the importance of HS for embryonic development. In this review, the enzymes participating in zebrafish HS biosynthesis, along with a description of enzyme mutants available for functional studies, are presented. The consequences of the zebrafish genome duplication and maternal transcript contribution are briefly discussed as are the possibilities of CRISPR/Cas9 methodologies to use the zebrafish model system for studies of biosynthesis as well as proteoglycan biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Filipek-Górniok
- Department of Organismal Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Judith Habicher
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Ledin
- Department of Organismal Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Kjellén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Hypomorphic zebrafish models mimic the musculoskeletal phenotype of β4GalT7-deficient Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Matrix Biol 2019; 89:59-75. [PMID: 31862401 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
β4GalT7 is a transmembrane Golgi enzyme, encoded by B4GALT7, that plays a pivotal role in the proteoglycan linker region formation during proteoglycan biosynthesis. Defects in this enzyme give rise to a rare autosomal recessive form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), currently known as 'spondylodysplastic EDS (spEDS-B4GALT7)'. This EDS subtype is mainly characterized by short stature, hypotonia and skeletal abnormalities, thereby illustrating its pleiotropic importance during human development. Insights into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this disabling disease are very limited, in part due to the lack of a relevant in vivo model. As the majority of mutations identified in patients with spEDS-B4GALT7 are hypomorphic, we generated zebrafish models with partial loss of B4galt7 function, including different knockdown (morphant) and mosaic knockout (crispant) b4galt7 zebrafish models and studied the morphologic, functional and molecular aspects in embryonic and larval stages. Morphant and crispant zebrafish show highly similar morphological abnormalities in early development including a small, round head, bowed pectoral fins, short body-axis and mild developmental delay. Several craniofacial cartilage and bone structures are absent or strongly misshapen. In addition, the total amount of sulfated glycosaminoglycans is significantly diminished and particularly heparan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan levels are greatly reduced. We also show impaired cartilage patterning and loss of chondrocyte organization in a cartilage-specific Tg(Col2a1aBAC:mcherry) zebrafish reporter line. The occurrence of the same abnormalities in the different models confirms these are specifically caused by B4galt7 deficiency. A disturbed actin pattern, along with a lack of muscle tone, was only noted in morphants in which translation of b4galt7 was blocked. In conclusion, we generated the first viable animal models for spEDS-B4GALT7, and show that in early development the human spEDS-B4GALT7 phenotype is faithfully mimicked in these zebrafish models. Our findings underscore a key role for β4GalT7 in early development of cartilage, bone and muscle. These models will lead to a better understanding of spEDS-B4GALT7 and can be used in future efforts focusing on therapeutic applications.
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15
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Kawara H, Akahori R, Wakasugi M, Sancar A, Matsunaga T. DCAF7 is required for maintaining the cellular levels of ERCC1-XPF and nucleotide excision repair. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:204-210. [PMID: 31493872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The ERCC1-XPF heterodimer is a structure-specific endonuclease and plays multiple roles in various DNA repair pathways including nucleotide excision repair and also telomere maintenance. The dimer formation, which is mediated by their C-terminal helix-hairpin-helix regions, is essential for their endonuclease activity as well as the stability of each protein. However, the detailed mechanism of how a cellular level of ERCC1-XPF is regulated still remains elusive. Here, we report the identification of DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 7 (DCAF7, also known as WDR68/HAN11) as a novel interacting protein of ERCC1-XPF by mass spectrometry after tandem purification. Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed their interaction and suggested dominant association of DCAF7 with XPF but not ERCC1. Interestingly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of DCAF7, but not DDB1, attenuated the cellular level of ERCC1-XPF, which is partly dependent on proteasome. The depletion of TCP1α, one of components of the molecular chaperon TRiC/CCT known to interact with DCAF7 and promote its folding, also reduced ERCC1-XPF level. Finally, we show that the depletion of DCAF7 causes inefficient repair of UV-induced (6-4) photoproducts, which can be rescued by ectopic overexpression of XPF or ERCC1-XPF. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that DCAF7 is a novel regulator of ERCC1-XPF protein level and cellular nucleotide excision repair activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kawara
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ryo Akahori
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Wakasugi
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Aziz Sancar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tsukasa Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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16
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Manocha S, Farokhnia N, Khosropanah S, Bertol JW, Santiago J, Fakhouri WD. Systematic review of hormonal and genetic factors involved in the nonsyndromic disorders of the lower jaw. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:162-172. [PMID: 30576023 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular disorders are among the most common birth defects in humans, yet the etiological factors are largely unknown. Most of the neonates affected by mandibular abnormalities have a sequence of secondary anomalies, including airway obstruction and feeding problems, that reduce the quality of life. In the event of lacking corrective surgeries, patients with mandibular congenital disorders suffer from additional lifelong problems such as sleep apnea and temporomandibular disorders, among others. The goal of this systematic review is to gather evidence on hormonal and genetic factors that are involved in signaling pathways and interactions that are potentially associated with the nonsyndromic mandibular disorders. We found that members of FGF and BMP pathways, including FGF8/10, FGFR2/3, BMP2/4/7, BMPR1A, ACVR1, and ACVR2A/B, have a prominent number of gene-gene interactions among all identified genes in this review. Gene ontology of the 154 genes showed that the functional gene sets are involved in all aspects of cellular processes and organogenesis. Some of the genes identified by the genome-wide association studies of common mandibular disorders are involved in skeletal formation and growth retardation based on animal models, suggesting a potential direct role as genetic risk factors in the common complex jaw disorders. Developmental Dynamics 248:162-172, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Manocha
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Nadia Farokhnia
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Sepideh Khosropanah
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles
| | - Jessica W Bertol
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Joel Santiago
- Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação (PRPPG), Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Jardim Brasil, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walid D Fakhouri
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
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17
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Yousefelahiyeh M, Xu J, Alvarado E, Yu Y, Salven D, Nissen RM. DCAF7/WDR68 is required for normal levels of DYRK1A and DYRK1B. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207779. [PMID: 30496304 PMCID: PMC6264848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the Dual-specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation-Regulated Kinase 1A (DYRK1A) gene contributes to the retardation, craniofacial anomalies, cognitive impairment, and learning and memory deficits associated with Down Syndrome (DS). DCAF7/HAN11/WDR68 (hereafter WDR68) binds DYRK1A and is required for craniofacial development. Accumulating evidence suggests DYRK1A-WDR68 complexes enable proper growth and patterning of multiple organ systems and suppress inappropriate cell growth/transformation by regulating the balance between proliferation and differentiation in multiple cellular contexts. Here we report, using engineered mouse C2C12 and human HeLa cell lines, that WDR68 is required for normal levels of DYRK1A. However, Wdr68 does not significantly regulate Dyrk1a mRNA expression levels and proteasome inhibition did not restore DYRK1A in cells lacking Wdr68 (Δwdr68 cells). Overexpression of WDR68 increased DYRK1A levels while overexpression of DYRK1A had no effect on WDR68 levels. We further report that WDR68 is similarly required for normal levels of the closely related DYRK1B kinase and that both DYRK1A and DYRK1B are essential for the transition from proliferation to differentiation in C2C12 cells. These findings reveal an additional role of WDR68 in DYRK1A-WDR68 and DYRK1B-WDR68 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Yousefelahiyeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Estibaliz Alvarado
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David Salven
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Nissen
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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18
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Bonano M, Martín E, Moreno Ruiz Holgado MM, Silenzi Usandivaras GM, Ruiz De Bigliardo G, Aybar MJ. Molecular characterization of wdr68 gene in embryonic development of Xenopus laevis. Gene Expr Patterns 2018; 30:55-63. [PMID: 30125741 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
WDR68, also known as DCAF7, is a WD40 repeated domain protein highly conserved in eukaryotic organisms in both plants and animals. This protein participates in numerous cellular processes and exerts its function through interaction with other proteins. In the present work, we isolated, sequenced and characterized cDNA corresponding to the wdr68 gene in embryos of the amphibian Xenopus laevis. Syntenic analysis revealed high conservation of the genomic region containing the WDR68 locus in amniotes. Nevertheless, in fishes and amphibians, we observed that the tandem genes surrounding wdr68 undergoes certain rearrangements with respect to the organization found in amniotes. We also defined the temporal and spatial expression pattern of the wdr68 gene in the development of Xenopus laevis through whole mount in situ hybridization and RT-PCR techniques. We observed that wdr68 is ubiquitously expressed during early embryonic development but, during the neurula stage, it undergoes a strong expression in the neural tube and in the migratory cephalic streams of the neural crest. At the tailbud stages, it is strongly expressed in the cephalic region, particularly in otic and optic vesicles, in addition to branchial arches. In contrast, wdr68 transcripts are localized in the somitic mesoderm in the trunk. The expression area that includes the migratory neural crest of the head and the branchial arches suggest that this gene would be involved in jaws formation, probably through a hierarchical relationship with the component genes of the endothelin-1/endothelin receptor type A cell signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Bonano
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML de la Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, T4000JFE, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán), Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo Martín
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML de la Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, T4000JFE, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Genética de la Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, T4000JFE, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Macarena Moreno Ruiz Holgado
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML de la Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, T4000JFE, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, T4000JFE, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Graciela Ruiz De Bigliardo
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML de la Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, T4000JFE, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Genética de la Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, T4000JFE, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Manuel J Aybar
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán), Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia de la Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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19
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Zemke NR, Berk AJ. The Adenovirus E1A C Terminus Suppresses a Delayed Antiviral Response and Modulates RAS Signaling. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 22:789-800.e5. [PMID: 29241042 PMCID: PMC5736016 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The N-terminal half of adenovirus e1a assembles multimeric complexes with host proteins that repress innate immune responses and force host cells into S-phase. In contrast, the functions of e1a's C-terminal interactions with FOXK, DCAF7, and CtBP are unknown. We found that these interactions modulate RAS signaling, and that a single e1a molecule must bind all three of these host proteins to suppress activation of a subset of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). These ISGs were otherwise induced in primary respiratory epithelial cells at 12 hr p.i. This delayed activation of ISGs required IRF3 and coincided with an ∼10-fold increase in IRF3 from protein stabilization. The induced IRF3 bound to chromatin and localized to the promoters of activated ISGs. While IRF3, STAT1/2, and IRF9 all greatly increased in concentration, there were no corresponding mRNA increases, suggesting that e1a regulates the stabilities of these key activators of innate immune responses, as shown directly for IRF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Zemke
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA
| | - Arnold J Berk
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA.
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20
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Askary A, Xu P, Barske L, Bay M, Bump P, Balczerski B, Bonaguidi MA, Crump JG. Genome-wide analysis of facial skeletal regionalization in zebrafish. Development 2017; 144:2994-3005. [PMID: 28705894 DOI: 10.1242/dev.151712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Patterning of the facial skeleton involves the precise deployment of thousands of genes in distinct regions of the pharyngeal arches. Despite the significance for craniofacial development, how genetic programs drive this regionalization remains incompletely understood. Here we use combinatorial labeling of zebrafish cranial neural crest-derived cells (CNCCs) to define global gene expression along the dorsoventral axis of the developing arches. Intersection of region-specific transcriptomes with expression changes in response to signaling perturbations demonstrates complex roles for Endothelin 1 (Edn1) signaling in the intermediate joint-forming region, yet a surprisingly minor role in ventralmost regions. Analysis of co-variance across multiple sequencing experiments further reveals clusters of co-regulated genes, with in situ hybridization confirming the domain-specific expression of novel genes. We then created loss-of-function alleles for 12 genes and uncovered antagonistic functions of two new Edn1 targets, follistatin a (fsta) and emx2, in regulating cartilaginous joints in the hyoid arch. Our unbiased discovery and functional analysis of genes with regional expression in zebrafish arch CNCCs reveals complex regulation by Edn1 and points to novel candidates for craniofacial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Askary
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Lindsey Barske
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Maxwell Bay
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Paul Bump
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Bartosz Balczerski
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Michael A Bonaguidi
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - J Gage Crump
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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21
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Nakagawa T, Suzuki-Nakagawa C, Watanabe A, Asami E, Matsumoto M, Nakano M, Ebihara A, Uddin MN, Suzuki F. Site-1 protease is required for the generation of soluble (pro)renin receptor. J Biochem 2017; 161:369-379. [PMID: 28013223 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular domain of the (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] is cleaved to generate the soluble form of (P)RR [s(P)RR]. Multiple clinical studies have revealed the association between serum/plasma s(P)RR levels and certain diseases, thereby suggesting a potential role for s(P)RR as a disease biomarker. Here, we investigated whether site-1 protease (S1P) is responsible for cleaving (P)RR to generate s(P)RR. Reduction of endogenous S1P with siRNA attenuated s(P)RR generation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells exogenously expressing human (P)RR with a C-terminal decahistidine tag [CHO/h(P)RR-10His cells]; conversely, overexpression of S1P by transient transfection increased s(P)RR generation. The S1P inhibitor PF429242 suppressed s(P)RR generation in CHO/h(P)RR-10His and human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells; however, the ADAM inhibitor GM6001 had no effect. The furin inhibitor Dec-RVKR-CMK had no effect on the amount of s(P)RR, but caused a slight increase in the size of the s(P)RR. Moreover, the reversible vesicle-trafficking inhibitor brefeldin A (BFA) enhanced the generation of large-sized s(P)RR; PF429242, but not Dec-RVKR-CMK, suppressed this BFA-induced s(P)RR formation. The size of s(P)RR generated during BFA treatment was reduced after removal of BFA; Dec-RVKR-CMK, but not PF429242, suppressed this conversion. Together, these results suggest that s(P)RR is generated by sequential processing by S1P and furin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Chiharu Suzuki-Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akiko Watanabe
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Eriko Asami
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mizuki Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mami Nakano
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akio Ebihara
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mohammad Nasir Uddin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Scott & White Healthcare and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA
| | - Fumiaki Suzuki
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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22
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Abstract
In the last 30 years, the zebrafish has become a widely used model organism for research on vertebrate development and disease. Through a powerful combination of genetics and experimental embryology, significant inroads have been made into the regulation of embryonic axis formation, organogenesis, and the development of neural networks. Research with this model has also expanded into other areas, including the genetic regulation of aging, regeneration, and animal behavior. Zebrafish are a popular model because of the ease with which they can be maintained, their small size and low cost, the ability to obtain hundreds of embryos on a daily basis, and the accessibility, translucency, and rapidity of early developmental stages. This primer describes the swift progress of genetic approaches in zebrafish and highlights recent advances that have led to new insights into vertebrate biology.
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23
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Xiang J, Yang S, Xin N, Gaertig MA, Reeves RH, Li S, Li XJ. DYRK1A regulates Hap1-Dcaf7/WDR68 binding with implication for delayed growth in Down syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1224-E1233. [PMID: 28137862 PMCID: PMC5321030 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614893114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (Hap1) is known to be critical for postnatal hypothalamic function and growth. Hap1 forms stigmoid bodies (SBs), unique neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions of unknown function that are enriched in hypothalamic neurons. Here we developed a simple strategy to isolate the SB-enriched fraction from mouse brain. By analyzing Hap1 immunoprecipitants from this fraction, we identified a Hap1-interacting SB component, DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 7 (Dcaf7)/WD40 repeat 68 (WDR68), whose protein level and nuclear translocation are regulated by Hap1. Moreover, we found that Hap1 bound Dcaf7 competitively in cytoplasm with dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), a protein implicated in Down syndrome (DS). Depleting Hap1 promoted the DYRK1A-Dcaf7 interaction and increased the DYRK1A protein level. Transgenic DS mice overexpressing DYRK1A showed reduced Hap1-Dcaf7 association in the hypothalamus. Furthermore, the overexpression of DYRK1A in the hypothalamus led to delayed growth in postnatal mice, suggesting that DYRK1A regulates the Hap1-Dcaf7 interaction and postnatal growth and that targeting Hap1 or Dcaf7 could ameliorate growth retardation in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Xiang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Su Yang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Ning Xin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Marta A Gaertig
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Roger H Reeves
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Shihua Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322;
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322;
- Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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24
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Sørhus E, Incardona JP, Furmanek T, Goetz GW, Scholz NL, Meier S, Edvardsen RB, Jentoft S. Novel adverse outcome pathways revealed by chemical genetics in a developing marine fish. eLife 2017; 6:e20707. [PMID: 28117666 PMCID: PMC5302885 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude oil spills are a worldwide ocean conservation threat. Fish are particularly vulnerable to the oiling of spawning habitats, and crude oil causes severe abnormalities in embryos and larvae. However, the underlying mechanisms for these developmental defects are not well understood. Here, we explore the transcriptional basis for four discrete crude oil injury phenotypes in the early life stages of the commercially important Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). These include defects in (1) cardiac form and function, (2) craniofacial development, (3) ionoregulation and fluid balance, and (4) cholesterol synthesis and homeostasis. Our findings suggest a key role for intracellular calcium cycling and excitation-transcription coupling in the dysregulation of heart and jaw morphogenesis. Moreover, the disruption of ionoregulatory pathways sheds new light on buoyancy control in marine fish embryos. Overall, our chemical-genetic approach identifies initiating events for distinct adverse outcome pathways and novel roles for individual genes in fundamental developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Sørhus
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John P Incardona
- Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Giles W Goetz
- Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, United States
| | - Nathaniel L Scholz
- Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, United States
| | | | | | - Sissel Jentoft
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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25
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Abstract
The zebrafish skeleton shares many similarities with human and other vertebrate skeletons. Over the past years, work in zebrafish has provided an extensive understanding of the basic developmental mechanisms and cellular pathways directing skeletal development and homeostasis. This review will focus on the cell biology of cartilage and bone and how the basic cellular processes within chondrocytes and osteocytes function to assemble the structural frame of a vertebrate body. We will discuss fundamental functions of skeletal cells in production and secretion of extracellular matrix and cellular activities leading to differentiation of progenitors to mature cells that make up the skeleton. We highlight important examples where findings in zebrafish provided direction for the search for genes causing human skeletal defects and also how zebrafish research has proven important for validating candidate human disease genes. The work we cover here illustrates utility of zebrafish in unraveling molecular mechanisms of cellular functions necessary to form and maintain a healthy skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauryn N Luderman
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Gokhan Unlu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ela W Knapik
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
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26
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Alvarado E, Yousefelahiyeh M, Alvarado G, Shang R, Whitman T, Martinez A, Yu Y, Pham A, Bhandari A, Wang B, Nissen RM. Wdr68 Mediates Dorsal and Ventral Patterning Events for Craniofacial Development. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166984. [PMID: 27880803 PMCID: PMC5120840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth defects are among the leading causes of infant mortality and contribute substantially to illness and long-term disability. Defects in Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling are associated with cleft lip/palate. Many craniofacial syndromes are caused by defects in signaling pathways that pattern the cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) along the dorsal-ventral axis. For example, auriculocondylar syndrome is caused by impaired Endothelin-1 (Edn1) signaling, and Alagille syndrome is caused by defects in Jagged-Notch signaling. The BMP, Edn1, and Jag1b pathways intersect because BMP signaling is required for ventral edn1 expression that, in turn, restricts jag1b to dorsal CNCC territory. In zebrafish, the scaffolding protein Wdr68 is required for edn1 expression and subsequent formation of the ventral Meckel’s cartilage as well as the dorsal Palatoquadrate. Here we report that wdr68 activity is required between the 17-somites and prim-5 stages, that edn1 functions downstream of wdr68, and that wdr68 activity restricts jag1b, hey1, and grem2 expression from ventral CNCC territory. Expression of dlx1a and dlx2a was also severely reduced in anterior dorsal and ventral 1st arch CNCC territory in wdr68 mutants. We also found that the BMP agonist isoliquiritigenin (ISL) can partially rescue lower jaw formation and edn1 expression in wdr68 mutants. However, we found no significant defects in BMP reporter induction or pSmad1/5 accumulation in wdr68 mutant cells or zebrafish. The Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway is also known to be important for craniofacial development and can interfere with BMP signaling. Here we further report that TGF-β interference with BMP signaling was greater in wdr68 mutant cells relative to control cells. To determine whether interference might also act in vivo, we treated wdr68 mutant zebrafish embryos with the TGF-β signaling inhibitor SB431542 and found partial rescue of edn1 expression and craniofacial development. While ISL treatment failed, SB431542 partially rescued dlx2a expression in wdr68 mutants. Together these findings reveal an indirect role for Wdr68 in the BMP-Edn1-Jag1b signaling hierarchy and dorso-anterior expression of dlx1a/2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estibaliz Alvarado
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mina Yousefelahiyeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Greg Alvarado
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Robin Shang
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Taryn Whitman
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Martinez
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Annie Pham
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anish Bhandari
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Bingyan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Nissen
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Ahi EP. Signalling pathways in trophic skeletal development and morphogenesis: Insights from studies on teleost fish. Dev Biol 2016; 420:11-31. [PMID: 27713057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the development of the vertebrate feeding apparatus, a variety of complicated cellular and molecular processes participate in the formation and integration of individual skeletal elements. The molecular mechanisms regulating the formation of skeletal primordia and their development into specific morphological structures are tightly controlled by a set of interconnected signalling pathways. Some of these pathways, such as Bmp, Hedgehog, Notch and Wnt, are long known for their pivotal roles in craniofacial skeletogenesis. Studies addressing the functional details of their components and downstream targets, the mechanisms of their interactions with other signals as well as their potential roles in adaptive morphological divergence, are currently attracting considerable attention. An increasing number of signalling pathways that had previously been described in different biological contexts have been shown to be important in the regulation of jaw skeletal development and morphogenesis. In this review, I provide an overview of signalling pathways involved in trophic skeletogenesis emphasizing studies of the most species-rich group of vertebrates, the teleost fish, which through their evolutionary history have undergone repeated episodes of spectacular trophic diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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28
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Glenewinkel F, Cohen MJ, King CR, Kaspar S, Bamberg-Lemper S, Mymryk JS, Becker W. The adaptor protein DCAF7 mediates the interaction of the adenovirus E1A oncoprotein with the protein kinases DYRK1A and HIPK2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28241. [PMID: 27307198 PMCID: PMC4910162 DOI: 10.1038/srep28241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
DYRK1A is a constitutively active protein kinase that has a critical role in growth and development which functions by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. DCAF7 (also termed WDR68 or HAN11) is a cellular binding partner of DYRK1A and also regulates signalling by the protein kinase HIPK2. DCAF7 is an evolutionarily conserved protein with a single WD40 repeat domain and has no catalytic activity. We have defined a DCAF7 binding motif of 12 amino acids in the N-terminal domain of class 1 DYRKs that is functionally conserved in DYRK1 orthologs from Xenopus, Danio rerio and the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. A similar sequence was essential for DCAF7 binding to HIPK2, whereas the closely related HIPK1 family member did not bind DCAF7. Immunoprecipitation and pulldown experiments identified DCAF7 as an adaptor for the association of the adenovirus E1A protein with DYRK1A and HIPK2. Furthermore, DCAF7 was required for the hyperphosphorylation of E1A in DYRK1A or HIPK2 overexpressing cells. Our results characterize DCAF7 as a substrate recruiting subunit of DYRK1A and HIPK2 and suggest that it is required for the negative effect of DYRK1A on E1A-induced oncogenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Glenewinkel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael J. Cohen
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cason R. King
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophie Kaspar
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Joe S. Mymryk
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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29
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Rosa J, Tiago DM, Marques CL, Vijayakumar P, Fonseca L, Cancela ML, Laizé V. Central role of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase 3 in chondral ossification and evidence for sub-functionalization in neoteleost fish. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1373-87. [PMID: 27036080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To better understand the complex mechanisms of bone formation it is fundamental that genes central to signaling/regulatory pathways and matrix formation are identified. Cell systems were used to analyze genes differentially expressed during extracellular matrix mineralization and bhmt3, coding for a betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase, was shown to be down-regulated in mineralizing gilthead seabream cells. METHODS Levels and sites of bhmt3 expression were determined by qPCR and in situ hybridization throughout seabream development and in adult tissues. Transcriptional regulation of bhmt3 was assessed from the activity of promoter constructs controlling luciferase gene expression. Molecular phylogeny of vertebrate BHMT was determined from maximum likelihood analysis of available sequences. RESULTS bhmt3 transcript is abundant in calcified tissues and localized in cartilaginous structures undergoing endo/perichondral ossification. Promoter activity is regulated by transcription factors involved in bone and cartilage development, further demonstrating the central role of Bhmt3 in chondrogenesis and/or osteogenesis. Molecular phylogeny revealed the explosive diversity of bhmt genes in neoteleost fish, while tissue distribution of bhmt genes in seabream suggested that neoteleostean Bhmt may have undergone several steps of sub-functionalization. CONCLUSIONS Data on bhmt3 gene expression and promoter activity evidences a novel function for betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase in bone and cartilage development, while phylogenetic analysis provides new insights into the evolution of vertebrate BHMTs and suggests that multiple gene duplication events occurred in neoteleost fish lineage. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE High and specific expression of Bhmt3 in gilthead seabream calcified tissues suggests that bone-specific betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferases could represent a suitable marker of chondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Rosa
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Daniel M Tiago
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Cátia L Marques
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Luis Fonseca
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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30
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Leslie EJ, Carlson JC, Shaffer JR, Feingold E, Wehby G, Laurie CA, Jain D, Laurie CC, Doheny KF, McHenry T, Resick J, Sanchez C, Jacobs J, Emanuele B, Vieira AR, Neiswanger K, Lidral AC, Valencia-Ramirez LC, Lopez-Palacio AM, Valencia DR, Arcos-Burgos M, Czeizel AE, Field LL, Padilla CD, Cutiongco-de la Paz EMC, Deleyiannis F, Christensen K, Munger RG, Lie RT, Wilcox A, Romitti PA, Castilla EE, Mereb JC, Poletta FA, Orioli IM, Carvalho FM, Hecht JT, Blanton SH, Buxó CJ, Butali A, Mossey PA, Adeyemo WL, James O, Braimah RO, Aregbesola BS, Eshete MA, Abate F, Koruyucu M, Seymen F, Ma L, de Salamanca JE, Weinberg SM, Moreno L, Murray JC, Marazita ML. A multi-ethnic genome-wide association study identifies novel loci for non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate on 2p24.2, 17q23 and 19q13. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2862-2872. [PMID: 27033726 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFCs), which include non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P), are among the most common birth defects in humans, affecting approximately 1 in 700 newborns. CL/P is phenotypically heterogeneous and has a complex etiology caused by genetic and environmental factors. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified at least 15 risk loci for CL/P. As these loci do not account for all of the genetic variance of CL/P, we hypothesized the existence of additional risk loci. We conducted a multiethnic GWAS in 6480 participants (823 unrelated cases, 1700 unrelated controls and 1319 case-parent trios) with European, Asian, African and Central and South American ancestry. Our GWAS revealed novel associations on 2p24 near FAM49A, a gene of unknown function (P = 4.22 × 10-8), and 19q13 near RHPN2, a gene involved in organizing the actin cytoskeleton (P = 4.17 × 10-8). Other regions reaching genome-wide significance were 1p36 (PAX7), 1p22 (ARHGAP29), 1q32 (IRF6), 8q24 and 17p13 (NTN1), all reported in previous GWASs. Stratification by ancestry group revealed a novel association with a region on 17q23 (P = 2.92 × 10-8) among individuals with European ancestry. This region included several promising candidates including TANC2, an oncogene required for development, and DCAF7, a scaffolding protein required for craniofacial development. In the Central and South American ancestry group, significant associations with loci previously identified in Asian or European ancestry groups reflected their admixed ancestry. In summary, we have identified novel CL/P risk loci and suggest new genes involved in craniofacial development, confirming the highly heterogeneous etiology of OFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Leslie
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jenna C Carlson
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.,Department of Biostatistics
| | - John R Shaffer
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.,Department of Biostatistics.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - George Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Cecelia A Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, Genetic Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, Genetic Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cathy C Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, Genetic Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kimberly F Doheny
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Toby McHenry
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Judith Resick
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Carla Sanchez
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jennifer Jacobs
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Beth Emanuele
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Katherine Neiswanger
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dora Rivera Valencia
- Population Genetics and Mutacarcinogenesis Group, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050001, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Arcos-Burgos
- Genomics and Predictive Medicine, Genome Biology Department, John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Medicine, Biology & Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Andrew E Czeizel
- Foundation for the Community Control of Hereditary Diseases, Budapest 1051, Hungary
| | - L Leigh Field
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Carmencita D Padilla
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine; and Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health; University of the Philippines Manila, Manilla, The Philippines 1000.,Philippine Genome Center, University of the Philippines System, Manilla, The Philippines 1101
| | - Eva Maria C Cutiongco-de la Paz
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine; and Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health; University of the Philippines Manila, Manilla, The Philippines 1000.,Philippine Genome Center, University of the Philippines System, Manilla, The Philippines 1101
| | - Frederic Deleyiannis
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5230 Denmark
| | - Ronald G Munger
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Rolv T Lie
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, NO-5020 Norway
| | - Allen Wilcox
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | | | - Eduardo E Castilla
- CEMIC: Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research, Buenos Aires 1431, Argentina.,Laboratory of Congenital Malformation Epidemiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.,ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at INAGEMP (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics)
| | - Juan C Mereb
- ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at Hospital de Area, El Bolson 8430, Argentina
| | - Fernando A Poletta
- CEMIC: Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research, Buenos Aires 1431, Argentina.,Laboratory of Congenital Malformation Epidemiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.,ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at INAGEMP (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics)
| | - Iêda M Orioli
- ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at INAGEMP (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics).,Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Flavia M Carvalho
- Laboratory of Congenital Malformation Epidemiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.,ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at INAGEMP (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics)
| | - Jacqueline T Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Susan H Blanton
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Mailman School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33124, USA
| | - Carmen J Buxó
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry
| | - Peter A Mossey
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland
| | - Wasiu L Adeyemo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos P.M.B. 12003, Nigeria
| | - Olutayo James
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos P.M.B. 12003, Nigeria
| | - Ramat O Braimah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife-Ife P.M.B. 13, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde S Aregbesola
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife-Ife P.M.B. 13, Nigeria
| | - Mekonen A Eshete
- Surgical Department, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, P.O. Box 26493, Ethiopia
| | - Fikre Abate
- Surgical Department, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, P.O. Box 26493, Ethiopia
| | - Mine Koruyucu
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Figen Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Lian Ma
- Peking University, School of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | | | - Seth M Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA .,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Van Otterloo E, Williams T, Artinger KB. The old and new face of craniofacial research: How animal models inform human craniofacial genetic and clinical data. Dev Biol 2016; 415:171-187. [PMID: 26808208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The craniofacial skeletal structures that comprise the human head develop from multiple tissues that converge to form the bones and cartilage of the face. Because of their complex development and morphogenesis, many human birth defects arise due to disruptions in these cellular populations. Thus, determining how these structures normally develop is vital if we are to gain a deeper understanding of craniofacial birth defects and devise treatment and prevention options. In this review, we will focus on how animal model systems have been used historically and in an ongoing context to enhance our understanding of human craniofacial development. We do this by first highlighting "animal to man" approaches; that is, how animal models are being utilized to understand fundamental mechanisms of craniofacial development. We discuss emerging technologies, including high throughput sequencing and genome editing, and new animal repository resources, and how their application can revolutionize the future of animal models in craniofacial research. Secondly, we highlight "man to animal" approaches, including the current use of animal models to test the function of candidate human disease variants. Specifically, we outline a common workflow deployed after discovery of a potentially disease causing variant based on a select set of recent examples in which human mutations are investigated in vivo using animal models. Collectively, these topics will provide a pipeline for the use of animal models in understanding human craniofacial development and disease for clinical geneticist and basic researchers alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Van Otterloo
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Trevor Williams
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kristin Bruk Artinger
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Abstract
The formation of the face and skull involves a complex series of developmental events mediated by cells derived from the neural crest, endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Although vertebrates boast an enormous diversity of adult facial morphologies, the fundamental signaling pathways and cellular events that sculpt the nascent craniofacial skeleton in the embryo have proven to be highly conserved from fish to man. The zebrafish Danio rerio, a small freshwater cyprinid fish from eastern India, has served as a popular model of craniofacial development since the 1990s. Unique strengths of the zebrafish model include a simplified skeleton during larval stages, access to rapidly developing embryos for live imaging, and amenability to transgenesis and complex genetics. In this chapter, we describe the anatomy of the zebrafish craniofacial skeleton; its applications as models for the mammalian jaw, middle ear, palate, and cranial sutures; the superior imaging technology available in fish that has provided unprecedented insights into the dynamics of facial morphogenesis; the use of the zebrafish to decipher the genetic underpinnings of craniofacial biology; and finally a glimpse into the most promising future applications of zebrafish craniofacial research.
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33
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Miyashita T. Fishing for jaws in early vertebrate evolution: a new hypothesis of mandibular confinement. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:611-57. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuto Miyashita
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada
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Miyata Y, Shibata T, Aoshima M, Tsubata T, Nishida E. The molecular chaperone TRiC/CCT binds to the Trp-Asp 40 (WD40) repeat protein WDR68 and promotes its folding, protein kinase DYRK1A binding, and nuclear accumulation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33320-32. [PMID: 25342745 PMCID: PMC4246089 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.586115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Trp-Asp (WD) repeat protein 68 (WDR68) is an evolutionarily conserved WD40 repeat protein that binds to several proteins, including dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated protein kinase (DYRK1A), MAPK/ERK kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1), and Cullin4-damage-specific DNA-binding protein 1 (CUL4-DDB1). WDR68 affects multiple and diverse physiological functions, such as controlling anthocyanin synthesis in plants, tissue growth in insects, and craniofacial development in vertebrates. However, the biochemical basis and the regulatory mechanism of WDR68 activity remain largely unknown. To better understand the cellular function of WDR68, here we have isolated and identified cellular WDR68 binding partners using a phosphoproteomic approach. More than 200 cellular proteins with wide varieties of biochemical functions were identified as WDR68-binding protein candidates. Eight T-complex protein 1 (TCP1) subunits comprising the molecular chaperone TCP1 ring complex/chaperonin-containing TCP1 (TRiC/CCT) were identified as major WDR68-binding proteins, and phosphorylation sites in both WDR68 and TRiC/CCT were identified. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed the binding between TRiC/CCT and WDR68. Computer-aided structural analysis suggested that WDR68 forms a seven-bladed β-propeller ring. Experiments with a series of deletion mutants in combination with the structural modeling showed that three of the seven β-propeller blades of WDR68 are essential and sufficient for TRiC/CCT binding. Knockdown of cellular TRiC/CCT by siRNA caused an abnormal WDR68 structure and led to reduction of its DYRK1A-binding activity. Concomitantly, nuclear accumulation of WDR68 was suppressed by the knockdown of TRiC/CCT, and WDR68 formed cellular aggregates when overexpressed in the TRiC/CCT-deficient cells. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the molecular chaperone TRiC/CCT is essential for correct protein folding, DYRK1A binding, and nuclear accumulation of WDR68.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Miyata
- From the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan and
| | | | | | | | - Eisuke Nishida
- From the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan and
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35
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Dworkin S, Simkin J, Darido C, Partridge DD, Georgy SR, Caddy J, Wilanowski T, Lieschke GJ, Doggett K, Heath JK, Jane SM. Grainyhead-like 3 regulation of endothelin-1 in the pharyngeal endoderm is critical for growth and development of the craniofacial skeleton. Mech Dev 2014; 133:77-90. [PMID: 24915580 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial development is a highly conserved process that requires complex interactions between neural crest cells (NCCs) and pharyngeal tissues derived from all three germ layers. Signals emanating from the pharyngeal endoderm drive differentiation of NCCs into craniofacial cartilage, and disruption of this process underpins several human craniofacial defects (CFD). Here, we demonstrate that morpholino (MO)-mediated knockdown in zebrafish of the highly conserved transcription factor grainyhead-like 3 (grhl3), which is selectively expressed in the pharyngeal endoderm, leads to severe hypoplasia of the lower jaw cartilages. Phylogenetic analysis of conserved grhl-binding sites in gene regulatory regions identified endothelin-1 (edn1) as a putative direct grhl3 target gene, and this was confirmed by chromatin precipitation (ChIP) assays in zebrafish embryos. Injection of sub-phenotypic concentrations of MOs targeting both grhl3 and edn1 induced jaw abnormalities, and injection of edn1 mRNA into grhl3-morphants rescued both pharyngeal expression of the downstream effectors of edn1, and jaw cartilage formation. This study sheds new light on the role of endodermal endothelin-1 in vertebrate jaw development, and highlights potential new genetic defects that could underpin human CFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia.
| | - Johanna Simkin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Charbel Darido
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia
| | - Darren D Partridge
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia
| | - Smitha R Georgy
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia
| | - Jacinta Caddy
- Bone Marrow Research Laboratories, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Tomasz Wilanowski
- Bone Marrow Research Laboratories, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Graham J Lieschke
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Karen Doggett
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Joan K Heath
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Colon Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Stephen M Jane
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia; Alfred Hospital, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia
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36
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Vacaru AM, Unlu G, Spitzner M, Mione M, Knapik EW, Sadler KC. In vivo cell biology in zebrafish - providing insights into vertebrate development and disease. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:485-95. [PMID: 24481493 PMCID: PMC4007761 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.140194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, studies using zebrafish have significantly advanced our understanding of the cellular basis for development and human diseases. Zebrafish have rapidly developing transparent embryos that allow comprehensive imaging of embryogenesis combined with powerful genetic approaches. However, forward genetic screens in zebrafish have generated unanticipated findings that are mirrored by human genetic studies: disruption of genes implicated in basic cellular processes, such as protein secretion or cytoskeletal dynamics, causes discrete developmental or disease phenotypes. This is surprising because many processes that were assumed to be fundamental to the function and survival of all cell types appear instead to be regulated by cell-specific mechanisms. Such discoveries are facilitated by experiments in whole animals, where zebrafish provides an ideal model for visualization and manipulation of organelles and cellular processes in a live vertebrate. Here, we review well-characterized mutants and newly developed tools that underscore this notion. We focus on the secretory pathway and microtubule-based trafficking as illustrative examples of how studying cell biology in vivo using zebrafish has broadened our understanding of the role fundamental cellular processes play in embryogenesis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Vacaru
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gokhan Unlu
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Marie Spitzner
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marina Mione
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ela W. Knapik
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kirsten C. Sadler
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY 10029, USA
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37
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Fish: a suitable system to model human bone disorders and discover drugs with osteogenic or osteotoxic activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Vijayakumar P, Laizé V, Cardeira J, Trindade M, Cancela ML. Development of an in vitro cell system from zebrafish suitable to study bone cell differentiation and extracellular matrix mineralization. Zebrafish 2013; 10:500-9. [PMID: 23909483 PMCID: PMC3842872 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2012.0833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of bone formation and skeletal development have been successfully investigated in zebrafish using a variety of in vivo approaches, but in vitro studies have been hindered due to a lack of homologous cell lines capable of producing an extracellular matrix (ECM) suitable for mineral deposition. Here we describe the development and characterization of a new cell line termed ZFB1, derived from zebrafish calcified tissues. ZFB1 cells have an epithelium-like phenotype, grow at 28°C in a regular L-15 medium supplemented with 15% of fetal bovine serum, and are maintained and manipulated using standard methods (e.g., trypsinization, cryopreservation, and transfection). They can therefore be propagated and maintained easily in most cell culture facilities. ZFB1 cells show aneuploidy with 2n=78 chromosomes, indicative of cell transformation. Furthermore, because DNA can be efficiently delivered into their intracellular space by nucleofection, ZFB1 cells are suitable for gene targeting approaches and for assessing gene promoter activity. ZFB1 cells can also differentiate toward osteoblast or chondroblast lineages, as demonstrated by expression of osteoblast- and chondrocyte-specific markers, they exhibit an alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker of bone formation in vivo, and they can mineralize their ECM. Therefore, they represent a valuable zebrafish-derived in vitro system for investigating bone cell differentiation and extracellular matrix mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran Vijayakumar
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR-LA), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR-LA), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - João Cardeira
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR-LA), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marlene Trindade
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR-LA), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - M. Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR-LA), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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39
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The Drosophila wings apart gene anchors a novel, evolutionarily conserved pathway of neuromuscular development. Genetics 2013; 195:927-40. [PMID: 24026097 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.113.154211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
wings apart (wap) is a recessive, semilethal gene located on the X chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster, which is required for normal wing-vein patterning. We show that the wap mutation also results in loss of the adult jump muscle. We use complementation mapping and gene-specific RNA interference to localize the wap locus to the proximal X chromosome. We identify the annotated gene CG14614 as the gene affected by the wap mutation, since one wap allele contains a non-sense mutation in CG14614, and a genomic fragment containing only CG14614 rescues the jump-muscle phenotypes of two wap mutant alleles. The wap gene lies centromere-proximal to touch-insensitive larva B and centromere-distal to CG14619, which is tentatively assigned as the gene affected in introverted mutants. In mutant wap animals, founder cell precursors for the jump muscle are specified early in development, but are later lost. Through tissue-specific knockdowns, we demonstrate that wap function is required in both the musculature and the nervous system for normal jump-muscle formation. wap/CG14614 is homologous to vertebrate wdr68, DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 7, which also are expressed in neuromuscular tissues. Thus, our findings provide insight into mechanisms of neuromuscular development in higher animals and facilitate the understanding of neuromuscular diseases that may result from mis-expression of muscle-specific or neuron-specific genes.
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40
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The polycomb group protein ring1b/rnf2 is specifically required for craniofacial development. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73997. [PMID: 24040141 PMCID: PMC3770662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) genes are chromatin modifiers that mediate epigenetic silencing of target genes. PcG-mediated epigenetic silencing is implicated in embryonic development, stem cell plasticity, cell fate maintenance, cellular differentiation and cancer. However, analysis of the roles of PcG proteins in maintaining differentiation programs during vertebrate embryogenesis has been hampered due to the early embryonic lethality of several PcG knock-outs in the mouse. Here, we show that zebrafish Ring1b/Rnf2, the single E3 ubiquitin ligase in the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1, critically regulates the developmental program of craniofacial cell lineages. Zebrafish ring1b mutants display a severe craniofacial phenotype, which includes an almost complete absence of all cranial cartilage, bone and musculature. We show that Cranial Neural Crest (CNC)-derived cartilage precursors migrate correctly into the pharyngeal arches, but fail to differentiate into chondrocytes. This phenotype is specific for cartilage precursors, since other neural crest-derived cell lineages, including glia, neurons and chromatophores, are formed normally in ring1b mutants. Our results therefore reveal a critical and specific role for Ring1b in promoting the differentiation of cranial neural crest cells into chondrocytes. The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of craniofacial abnormalities, which are among the most common genetic birth defects in humans, remain poorly understood. The zebrafish ring1b mutant provides a molecular model for investigating these mechanisms and may lead to the discovery of new treatments or preventions of craniofacial abnormalities.
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41
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Riquiqui and minibrain are regulators of the hippo pathway downstream of Dachsous. Nat Cell Biol 2013; 15:1176-85. [PMID: 23955303 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The atypical cadherins Fat (Ft) and Dachsous (Ds) control tissue growth through the Salvador-Warts-Hippo (SWH) pathway, and also regulate planar cell polarity and morphogenesis. Ft and Ds engage in reciprocal signalling as both proteins can serve as receptor and ligand for each other. The intracellular domains (ICDs) of Ft and Ds regulate the activity of the key SWH pathway transcriptional co-activator protein Yorkie (Yki). Signalling from the FtICD is well characterized and controls tissue growth by regulating the abundance of the Yki-repressive kinase Warts (Wts). Here we identify two regulators of the Drosophila melanogaster SWH pathway that function downstream of the DsICD: the WD40 repeat protein Riquiqui (Riq) and the DYRK-family kinase Minibrain (Mnb). Ds physically interacts with Riq, which binds to both Mnb and Wts. Riq and Mnb promote Yki-dependent tissue growth by stimulating phosphorylation-dependent inhibition of Wts. Thus, we describe a previously unknown branch of the SWH pathway that controls tissue growth downstream of Ds.
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42
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Cartilage and bone malformations in the head of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos following exposure to disulfiram and acetic acid hydrazide. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 268:221-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Wdr68 is a highly conserved scaffolding protein required for craniofacial development and left-right asymmetry. A Ras-Map3k-Wdr68-Dyrk1 signaling relay may mediate these and other diverse signaling events important in development and disease. While the sub-cellular localization of Wdr68 has been shown to be dependent on that of its interaction partners, it is not clear where Wdr68 activity is required during development. Here we show that while a GFP-Wdr68 fusion functionally substituted for craniofacial development in the zebrafish, that a Nuclear Export Signal (NES) fusion protein (GFPNESWdr68) failed to support craniofacial development. As control for NES activity, we show that while GFP-Wdr68 exhibited a pan-cellular distribution in C2C12 cells, the GFPNESWdr68 fusion predominantly localized to the cell cytoplasm, as expected. Interestingly, while GFP-Wdr68 and RFP-Dyrk1a co-localized to the cell nucleus as expected based on the known sub-cellular localization for Dyrk1a, we found that the GFPNESWdr68 fusion redistributed RFP-Dyrk1a to the cell cytoplasm potentially disconnecting the Ras/Dyrk1 signal relay from further downstream targets. Consistent with a nuclear role in gene regulation, we also found that while a transcriptional activation domain fusion, CebpFlagWdr68, functionally substituted for endogenous Wdr68 for craniofacial development, that a transcriptional repression domain fusion, MadFlagWdr68, failed to support craniofacial development. Dyrk1b is required for myogenin (myog) expression in differentiating mouse C2C12 cells and here we report that wdr68 is also important for myog expression in differentiating C2C12 cells. Using a C2C12 cell myog promoter-reporter system, we found that Wdr68 overexpression increased reporter activity while moderate expression levels of MadFlagWdr68 interfered with reporter activity. Taken together, these findings support a nuclear role for Wdr68-containing complexes.
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44
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Miyata Y, Nishida E. DYRK1A binds to an evolutionarily conserved WD40-repeat protein WDR68 and induces its nuclear translocation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2011; 1813:1728-39. [PMID: 21777625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
DYRK1A is encoded in the Down's syndrome critical region on human chromosome 21, and plays an important role in the functional and developmental regulation of many types of cells, including neuronal cells. Here we have identified WDR68, an evolutionarily conserved protein with WD40-repeat domains, as a cellular binding partner of DYRK1A. WDR68 was originally identified in petunia as AN11 that controls the pigmentation of flowers by stimulating the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. Experiments with RNA interference showed that WDR68 was indispensable for the optimal proliferation and survival of mammalian cultured cell, and WDR68 depletion induced cell apoptosis. DYRK1A and DYRK1B, but not DYRK2, DYRK3, or DYRK4, bound to endogenous and expressed WDR68. The N-terminal domain, but not the catalytic kinase domain or the C-terminal domain of DYRK1A, was responsible for the WDR68 binding. Deletions in the N-terminal or C-terminal region outside of the central WD40-repeats of WDR68 abolished its binding to DYRK1A, suggesting that WD40 repeats are not sufficient for the association with DYRK1A. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that WDR68 was distributed throughout the cell. Importantly, nuclear accumulation of WDR68 was observed upon co-expression of the wild type and a kinase-dead mutant of DYRK1A. Taken together, these results suggest that DYRK1A binds specifically to WDR68 in cells, and that the binding, but not the phosphorylation event, induces the nuclear translocation of WDR68.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Miyata
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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45
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Doll CA, Burkart JT, Hope KD, Halpern ME, Gamse JT. Subnuclear development of the zebrafish habenular nuclei requires ER translocon function. Dev Biol 2011; 360:44-57. [PMID: 21945073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The dorsal habenular nuclei (Dh) of the zebrafish are characterized by significant left-right differences in gene expression, anatomy, and connectivity. Notably, the lateral subnucleus of the Dh (LsDh) is larger on the left side of the brain than on the right, while the medial subnucleus (MsDh) is larger on the right compared to the left. A screen for mutations that affect habenular laterality led to the identification of the sec61a-like 1(sec61al1) gene. In sec61al1(c163) mutants, more neurons in the LsDh and fewer in the MsDh develop on both sides of the brain. Generation of neurons in the LsDh occurs more rapidly and continues for a longer time period in mutants than in WT. Expression of Nodal pathway genes on the left side of the embryos is unaffected in mutants, as is the left sided placement of the parapineal organ, which promotes neurogenesis in the LsDh of WT embryos. Ultrastructural analysis of the epithalamus indicates that ventricular precursor cells, which form an epithelium in WT embryos, lose apical-basal polarity in sec61al1(c163) mutants. Our results show that in the absence of sec61al1, an excess of precursor cells for the LsDh exit the ventricular region and differentiate, resulting in formation of bilaterally symmetric habenular nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb A Doll
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Tiago DM, Laizé V, Bargelloni L, Ferraresso S, Romualdi C, Cancela ML. Global analysis of gene expression in mineralizing fish vertebra-derived cell lines: new insights into anti-mineralogenic effect of vanadate. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:310. [PMID: 21668972 PMCID: PMC3141667 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish has been deemed suitable to study the complex mechanisms of vertebrate skeletogenesis and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), a marine teleost with acellular bone, has been successfully used in recent years to study the function and regulation of bone and cartilage related genes during development and in adult animals. Tools recently developed for gilthead seabream, e.g. mineralogenic cell lines and a 4 × 44K Agilent oligo-array, were used to identify molecular determinants of in vitro mineralization and genes involved in anti-mineralogenic action of vanadate. RESULTS Global analysis of gene expression identified 4,223 and 4,147 genes differentially expressed (fold change - FC > 1.5) during in vitro mineralization of VSa13 (pre-chondrocyte) and VSa16 (pre-osteoblast) cells, respectively. Comparative analysis indicated that nearly 45% of these genes are common to both cell lines and gene ontology (GO) classification is also similar for both cell types. Up-regulated genes (FC > 10) were mainly associated with transport, matrix/membrane, metabolism and signaling, while down-regulated genes were mainly associated with metabolism, calcium binding, transport and signaling. Analysis of gene expression in proliferative and mineralizing cells exposed to vanadate revealed 1,779 and 1,136 differentially expressed genes, respectively. Of these genes, 67 exhibited reverse patterns of expression upon vanadate treatment during proliferation or mineralization. CONCLUSIONS Comparative analysis of expression data from fish and data available in the literature for mammalian cell systems (bone-derived cells undergoing differentiation) indicate that the same type of genes, and in some cases the same orthologs, are involved in mechanisms of in vitro mineralization, suggesting their conservation throughout vertebrate evolution and across cell types. Array technology also allowed identification of genes differentially expressed upon exposure of fish cell lines to vanadate and likely involved in its anti-mineralogenic activity. Many were found to be unknown or they were never associated to bone homeostasis previously, thus providing a set of potential candidates whose study will likely bring insights into the complex mechanisms of tissue mineralization and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Tiago
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Tiago DM, Cancela ML, Laizé V. Proliferative and mineralogenic effects of insulin, IGF-1, and vanadate in fish osteoblast-like cells. J Bone Miner Metab 2011; 29:377-82. [PMID: 21181214 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-010-0243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Fish have recently been recognized as a suitable model and a promising alternative to mammalian systems to study skeletogenesis. In this regard, several fish bone-derived cell lines have been developed and are being used to investigate mechanisms associated with insulin-like action of vanadium on extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization. Although proliferative and mineralogenic effects of vanadate, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and insulin have recently been evaluated in a fish prechondrocyte cell line, no data are available in fish bone-forming cells, the osteoblasts. Using fish preosteoblast cells, we showed that IGF-1, but not insulin or vanadate, stimulated cell proliferation through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, while both IGF-1 and vanadate inhibited cell differentiation/ECM mineralization through the same mechanism. Our data also indicated that the phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) pathway stimulates differentiation/ECM mineralization in osteoblasts and could represent a way to balance MAPK pathway action. The comparison of these new data obtained in fish with those available in mammals clearly evidenced a conservation of regulatory mechanisms among vertebrate bone-derived systems, although different players are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Tiago
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Barresi MJF, Burton S, Dipietrantonio K, Amsterdam A, Hopkins N, Karlstrom RO. Essential genes for astroglial development and axon pathfinding during zebrafish embryogenesis. Dev Dyn 2011; 239:2603-18. [PMID: 20806318 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of the central nervous system depends on the coordinated development of neural and glial cell types that arise from a common precursor. Using an existing group of zebrafish mutants generated by viral insertion, we performed a "shelf-screen" to identify genes necessary for astroglial development and axon scaffold formation. We screened 274 of 315 viral insertion lines using antibodies that label axons (anti-Acetylated Tubulin) and astroglia (anti-Gfap) and identified 25 mutants with defects in gliogenesis, glial patterning, neurogenesis, and axon guidance. We also identified a novel class of mutants affecting radial glial cell numbers. Defects in astroglial patterning were always associated with axon defects, supporting an important role for axon-glial interactions during axon scaffold development. The genes disrupted in these viral lines have all been identified, providing a powerful new resource for the study of axon guidance, glio- and neurogenesis, and neuron-glial interactions during development of the vertebrate CNS.
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Opposing oncogenic activities of small DNA tumor virus transforming proteins. Trends Microbiol 2011; 19:174-83. [PMID: 21330137 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The E1A gene of species C human adenovirus is an intensely investigated model viral oncogene that immortalizes primary cells and mediates oncogenic cell transformation in cooperation with other viral or cellular oncogenes. Investigations using E1A proteins have illuminated important paradigms in cell proliferation and about the functions of cellular proteins such as the retinoblastoma protein. Studies with E1A have led to the unexpected discovery that E1A also suppresses cell transformation and oncogenesis. Here, I review our current understanding of the transforming and tumor-suppressive functions of E1A, and how E1A studies led to the discovery of a related tumor-suppressive function in benign human papillomaviruses. The potential role of these opposing functions in viral replication in epithelial cells is also discussed.
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Wu M, Hu Y, Ali Z, Khan IA, Verlangeiri AJ, Dasmahapatra AK. Teratogenic effects of blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) are probably mediated through GATA2/EDN1 signaling pathway. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 23:1405-16. [PMID: 20707411 DOI: 10.1021/tx100205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) (BC) has been used widely to induce labor and to treat other uterine conditions. However, the safety and effectiveness of this herbal product has not yet been evaluated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Several conflicting reports indicated that the root extract of BC is a teratogen and, by some unknown mechanisms, is able to induce cardiovascular malfunctions in new-born babies. To understand the mechanism, we have used Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryo-larval development as the experimental model and the methanolic extract of BC root as the teratogen. The embryo mortality, hatching efficiency, and morphological abnormalities in craniofacial and cardiovascular systems are considered for the evaluation of BC toxicity. Our results indicate that BC is able to disrupt cardiovascular and craniofacial cartilage development in medaka embryo in a dose and developmental stage-specific manner. Moreover, embryos in precirculation are to some extent more resistant to BC than ones with circulation. By using subtractive hybridization, we have observed that gata2 mRNA was differentially expressed in the circulating embryos after BC treatment. As GATA-binding sequences are required for the expression of the endothelin1 (edn1) gene and edn1 expressed in blood vessels and craniofacial cartilages, we have extended our investigations to edn1 gene expression regulation by BC. We found that edn1, furin1, and endothelin receptor A (ednrA) genes are developmentally regulated; endothelin converting enzyme mRNA (ece1) maintained a steady-state level throughout development. Circulating medaka embryos (3 days post fertilization, dpf) exposed to BC (10 microg/mL) for 48 h have increased levels of gata2, ece1, and preproenodthelin (preproedn1) mRNA contents; however, other mRNAs (furin and ednrA) remained unaltered. Therefore, the enhanced expression of gata2 mRNA followed by ece1 and preproedn1 mRNA by BC might be able to induce vasoconstriction and cardiovascular defects and disrupt craniofacial cartilages in medaka embryos. We conclude that cardiovascular and craniofacial defects in medaka embryogenesis by BC are probably mediated through a GATA2-EDN1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wu
- National Center for Natural Product Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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