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Yahyazadeh R, Baradaran Rahimi V, Askari VR. Stem cell and exosome therapies for regenerating damaged myocardium in heart failure. Life Sci 2024; 351:122858. [PMID: 38909681 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Finding novel treatments for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is a hot topic in medicine; cell-based therapies have reported promising news for controlling dangerous complications of heart disease such as myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF). Various progenitor/stem cells were tested in various in-vivo, in-vitro, and clinical studies for regeneration or repairing the injured tissue in the myocardial to accelerate the healing. Fetal, adult, embryonic, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have revealed the proper potency for cardiac tissue repair. As an essential communicator among cells, exosomes with specific contacts (proteins, lncRNAs, and miRNAs) greatly promote cardiac rehabilitation. Interestingly, stem cell-derived exosomes have more efficiency than stem cell transplantation. Therefore, stem cells induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), cardiac stem cells (CDC), and skeletal myoblasts) and their-derived exosomes will probably be considered an alternative therapy for CVDs remedy. In addition, stem cell-derived exosomes have been used in the diagnosis/prognosis of heart diseases. In this review, we explained the advances of stem cells/exosome-based treatment, their beneficial effects, and underlying mechanisms, which will present new insights in the clinical field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Yahyazadeh
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Pimentel Neto J, Batista RD, Rocha-Braga LC, Chacur M, Camargo PO, Ciena AP. The telocytes relationship with satellite cells: Extracellular vesicles mediate the myotendinous junction remodeling. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1733-1741. [PMID: 38501548 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The peripheral nerve injury (PNI) affects the morphology of the whole locomotor apparatus, which can reach the myotendinous junction (MTJ) interface. In the injury condition, the skeletal muscle satellite cells (SC) are triggered, activated, and proliferated to repair their structure, and in the MTJ, the telocytes (TC) are associated to support the interface with the need for remodeling; in that way, these cells can be associated with SC. The study aimed to describe the SC and TC relationship after PNI at the MTJ. Sixteen adult Wistar rats were divided into Control Group (C, n = 8) and PNI Group (PNI, n = 8), PNI was performed by the constriction of the sciatic nerve. The samples were processed for transmission electron microscopy and immunostaining analysis. In the C group was evidenced the arrangement of sarcoplasmic evaginations and invaginations, the support collagen layer with a TC inside it, and an SC through vesicles internally and externally to then. In the PNI group were observed the disarrangement of invaginations and evaginations and sarcomeres degradation at MTJ, as the disposition of telopodes adjacent and in contact to the SC with extracellular vesicles and exosomes in a characterized paracrine activity. These findings can determine a link between the TCs and the SCs at the MTJ remodeling. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Peripheral nerve injury promotes the myotendinous junction (MTJ) remodeling. The telocytes (TC) and the satellite cells (SC) are present at the myotendinous interface. TC mediated the SC activity at MTJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurandyr Pimentel Neto
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Daniel Batista
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lara Caetano Rocha-Braga
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marucia Chacur
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Oliveira Camargo
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Polican Ciena
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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Liang S, Liu D, Xiao Z, Greenbaum J, Shen H, Xiao H, Deng H. Repurposing Approved Drugs for Sarcopenia Based on Transcriptomics Data in Humans. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040607. [PMID: 37111364 PMCID: PMC10145476 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, characterized by age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and decreased physical performance, is a growing public health challenge amid the rapidly ageing population. As there are no approved drugs that target sarcopenia, it has become increasingly urgent to identify promising pharmacological interventions. In this study, we conducted an integrative drug repurposing analysis utilizing three distinct approaches. Firstly, we analyzed skeletal muscle transcriptomic sequencing data in humans and mice using gene differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis. Subsequently, we employed gene expression profile similarity assessment, hub gene expression reversal, and disease-related pathway enrichment to identify and repurpose candidate drugs, followed by the integration of findings with rank aggregation algorithms. Vorinostat, the top-ranking drug, was also validated in an in vitro study, which demonstrated its efficacy in promoting muscle fiber formation. Although still requiring further validation in animal models and human clinical trials, these results suggest a promising drug repurposing prospect in the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Danyang Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhengwu Xiao
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jonathan Greenbaum
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 999039, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 999039, USA
| | - Hongmei Xiao
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hongwen Deng
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 999039, USA
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Ageing Skeletal Muscle: The Ubiquitous Muscle Stem Cell. Subcell Biochem 2023; 102:365-377. [PMID: 36600140 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21410-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In 1999, in a review by Beardsley, the potential of adult stem cells, in repair and regeneration was heralded (Beardsley Sci Am 281:30-31, 1999). Since then, the field of regenerative medicine has grown exponentially, with the capability of restoring or regenerating the function of damaged, diseased or aged human tissues being an underpinning motivation. If successful, stem cell therapies offer the potential to treat, for example degenerative diseases. In the subsequent 20 years, extensive progress has been made in the arena of adult stem cells (for a recent review see (Zakrzewski et al. Stem Cell Res Ther 10:68, 2019)). Prior to the growth of the adult stem cell research arena, much focus had been placed on the potential of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The first research revealing the potential of these cells was published in 1981, when scientists reported the ability of cultured stem cells from murine embryos, to not only self-renew, but to also become all cells of the three germ layers of the developing embryo (Evans and Kaufman Nature 292:154-156, 1981), (Martin Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78:7634-7638, 1981). It took almost 20 years, following these discoveries, for this technology to translate to human ESCs, using donated human embryos. In 1998, Thomson et al. reported the creation of the first human embryonic cell line (Thomson et al. Science 282:1145-1147, 1998). However, research utilising human ESCs was hampered by ethical and religious constraints and indeed in 2001 George W. Bush restricted US research funding to human ESCs, which had already been banked. The contentious nature of this arena perhaps facilitated the use of and the research potential for adult stem cells. It is beyond the scope of this review to focus on ESCs, although their potential for enhancing our understanding of human development is huge (for a recent review see (Cyranoski Nature 555:428-430, 2018)). Rather, although ESCs and their epigenetic regulation will be introduced for background understanding, the focus will be on stem cells more generally, the role of epigenetics in stem cell fate, skeletal muscle, skeletal muscle stem cells, the impact of ageing on muscle wasting and the mechanisms underpinning loss, with a focus on epigenetic adaptation.
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Glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor promotes the migration and osteogenic differentiation of rat dental pulp stem cells via the β-catenin/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:802-810. [PMID: 35756816 PMCID: PMC9201544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) inhibitor enhances bone formation, while dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) are potentially used to repair bone defects. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of AR-A014418 (AR, a specific glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor) on the migration and osteogenic differentiation of rat-derived dental pulp stem cells (rDPSCs), and further explore the underlying mechanism. Materials and methods rDPSCs were isolated from rats, and then cultured with different concentrations of AR with or without LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor). Then, cell viability, migration, osteogenic differentiation, and the involvement of PI3K pathway were detected by CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay, Alizarin Red S Staining, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, Western blot, and RT-PCR, respectively. Results Our present study demonstrated that AR of various concentrations (1 μM, 2.5 μM, and 5 μM) not only promoted the rDPSC proliferation and migration, but also increased calcium deposition, the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and levels of osteogenic markers (RUNX2, OPN, OCN, and OSX) in rDPSCs. It was also found that the administration of AR resulted in an increase in the expression level of p-GSK3β (Ser), β-catenin, p-PI3K, and p-Akt, and a reduction in p-GSK3β (Tyr216). Furthermore, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 abrogated the enhanced cell migration and osteogenic differentiation of rDPSCs induced by AR. Conclusion Our results provide evidence that AR significantly promotes migration and osteogenic differentiation of rDPSCs by activating β-catenin/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Čater M, Majdič G. In Vitro Culturing of Adult Stem Cells: The Importance of Serum and Atmospheric Oxygen. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1376:101-118. [PMID: 34426961 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells found in many different tissues in the adult human and animal body and are thought to be important for replacing damaged and dead cells during life. Due to their differentiation abilities, they have significant potential for regeneration and consequently therapeutic potential in various medical conditions. Studies on in vitro cultivation of different types of adult stem cells have shown that they have specific requirements for optimal proliferation and stemness maintenance as well as induced differentiation. The main factors affecting the success of stem cell cultivation are the composition of the growth medium, including the presence of serum, temperature, humidity, and contact with other cells and the composition of the atmosphere in which the cells grow. In this chapter, we review the literature and describe our own experience regarding the influence of the presence of fetal bovine serum in the medium and the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere on the stemness maintenance and survival of adult stem cells from various tissue sources such as adipose tissue, muscle, brain, and testicular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Čater
- Laboratory for Animal Genomics, Institute for Preclinical Studies, Veterinary faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Majdič
- Laboratory for Animal Genomics, Institute for Preclinical Studies, Veterinary faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
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Yujra VQ, Moreira Antunes HK, Mônico-Neto M, Quintana HT, de Oliveira F, Galvani MG, Lee KS, Oshima CTF, Ribeiro DA. Paradoxical sleep deprivation induces differential biological response in rat masticatory muscles: Inflammation, autophagy and myogenesis. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 47:289-300. [PMID: 31701551 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate whether sleep deprivation (SD) induces inflammation, autophagy and myogenesis in the following masticatory muscles: masseter and temporal. METHODS In this study, 18 animals were randomly distributed into three groups: control group (CTL, n = 6), SD for 96 hours (SD96, n = 6), and SD for 96 hours and more 96 hours of sleep recovery (SD96 + R, n = 6). RESULTS In the histopathological analysis, SD 96 was able to induce inflammation in masseter and temporal. Nevertheless, the lack of inflammatory process was evidenced to the masseter in the group SD96 + R. Upregulation of TNF-alpha production was detected in the SD96 group, while SD96 + R decreased TNF immunoexpression for both skeletal muscles evaluated. MyoD and myogenin increased in rats submitted to SD96. By contrast, the levels of MyoD decreased in the group SD96 + R. Myogenin pointed out high immunoexpression in SD96 + R groups. In temporal, pAkt decreased in animals submitted to SD96, but it increased in the group SD96 + R. The levels of LC3 protein increased in both skeletal muscles studied, and masseter decreased LC3 protein expression in the SD96 + R. CONCLUSION In summary, our results demonstrate that SD is able to induce inflammation, atrophy and myogenesis in rat masticatory muscles, being more intense in temporal when compared to masseter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Quispe Yujra
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Mônico-Neto
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, Brazil
| | - Marina Gomes Galvani
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, Brazil
| | - Kil Sun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, Brazil
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Isolation and Characterization of Muscle-Derived Stem Cells from Dystrophic Mouse Models. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31667770 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0138-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The study of the population of muscle satellite cells (SC) is important to understand muscle regeneration and its involvement in the different dystrophic processes. We studied two dystrophic mouse models, Largemyd and Lama2dy2j/J, that show an intense and very similar pattern of muscle degeneration, but with differences in the expression of genes involved in the regeneration cascade. They are, therefore, interesting models to study possible differences in the mechanism of activation and action of satellite cells in the dystrophic muscle. The main objectives of this chapter are to describe the isolation and characterization of SC populations, evaluating the presence of myogenic and pluripotent stem cells markers in normal and dystrophic muscles.
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Interleukin-6 Induces Myogenic Differentiation via JAK2-STAT3 Signaling in Mouse C2C12 Myoblast Cell Line and Primary Human Myoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215273. [PMID: 31652937 PMCID: PMC6862063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal muscle growth and exercise- or injury-induced regeneration are facilitated by myoblasts. Myoblasts respond to a variety of proteins such as cytokines that activate various signaling cascades. Cytokines belonging to the interleukin 6 superfamily (IL-6) influence myoblasts' proliferation but their effect on differentiation is still being researched. The Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is one of the key signaling pathways identified to be activated by IL-6. The aim of this study was to investigate myoblast fate as well as activation of JAK-STAT pathway at different physiologically relevant IL-6 concentrations (10 pg/mL; 100 pg/mL; 10 ng/mL) in the C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line and primary human myoblasts, isolated from eight young healthy male volunteers. Myoblasts' cell cycle progression, proliferation and differentiation in vitro were assessed. Low IL-6 concentrations facilitated cell cycle transition from the quiescence/Gap1 (G0/G1) to the synthesis (S-) phases. Low and medium IL-6 concentrations decreased the expression of myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD) and myogenin and increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. In contrast, high IL-6 concentration shifted a larger proportion of cells to the pro-differentiation G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, substantiated by significant increases of both MyoD and myogenin expression and decreased PCNA expression. Low IL-6 concentration was responsible for prolonged JAK1 activation and increased suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) protein expression. JAK-STAT inhibition abrogated IL-6-mediated C2C12 cell proliferation. In contrast, high IL-6 initially increased JAK1 activation but resulted in prolonged JAK2 activation and elevated SOCS3 protein expression. High IL-6 concentration decreased interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) expression 24 h after treatment whilst low IL-6 concentration increased IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) expression at the same time point. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that IL-6 has concentration- and time-dependent effects on both C2C12 mouse myoblasts and primary human myoblasts. Low IL-6 concentration induces proliferation whilst high IL-6 concentration induces differentiation. These effects are mediated by specific components of the JAK/STAT/SOCS pathway.
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Breuls N, Giacomazzi G, Sampaolesi M. (Epi)genetic Modifications in Myogenic Stem Cells: From Novel Insights to Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050429. [PMID: 31075875 PMCID: PMC6562881 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is considered to be an ideal target for stem cell therapy as it has an inherent regenerative capacity. Upon injury, the satellite cells, muscle stem cells that reside under the basal lamina of the myofibres, start to differentiate in order to reconstitute the myofibres while maintaining the initial stem cell pool. In recent years, it has become more and more evident that epigenetic mechanisms such as histon modifications, DNA methylations and microRNA modulations play a pivatol role in this differentiation process. By understanding the mechanisms behind myogenesis, researchers are able to use this knowledge to enhance the differentiation and engraftment potential of different muscle stem cells. Besides manipulation on an epigenetic level, recent advances in the field of genome-engineering allow site-specific modifications in the genome of these stem cells. Combining epigenetic control of the stem cell fate with the ability to site-specifically correct mutations or add genes for further cell control, can increase the use of stem cells as treatment of muscular dystrophies drastically. In this review, we will discuss the advances that have been made in genome-engineering and the epigenetic regulation of muscle stem cells and how this knowledge can help to get stem cell therapy to its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Breuls
- Translational Cardiomyology Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute Leuven, 3000 KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Giorgia Giacomazzi
- Translational Cardiomyology Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute Leuven, 3000 KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute Leuven, 3000 KU Leuven, Belgium.
- Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, and Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Palade J, Djordjevic D, Hutchins ED, George RM, Cornelius JA, Rawls A, Ho JWK, Kusumi K, Wilson-Rawls J. Identification of satellite cells from anole lizard skeletal muscle and demonstration of expanded musculoskeletal potential. Dev Biol 2018; 433:344-356. [PMID: 29291980 PMCID: PMC6180209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The lizards are evolutionarily the closest vertebrates to humans that demonstrate the ability to regenerate entire appendages containing cartilage, muscle, skin, and nervous tissue. We previously isolated PAX7-positive cells from muscle of the green anole lizard, Anolis carolinensis, that can differentiate into multinucleated myotubes and express the muscle structural protein, myosin heavy chain. Studying gene expression in these satellite/progenitor cell populations from A. carolinensis can provide insight into the mechanisms regulating tissue regeneration. We generated a transcriptome from proliferating lizard myoprogenitor cells and compared them to transcriptomes from the mouse and human tissues from the ENCODE project using XGSA, a statistical method for cross-species gene set analysis. These analyses determined that the lizard progenitor cell transcriptome was most similar to mammalian satellite cells. Further examination of specific GO categories of genes demonstrated that among genes with the highest level of expression in lizard satellite cells were an increased number of genetic regulators of chondrogenesis, as compared to mouse satellite cells. In micromass culture, lizard PAX7-positive cells formed Alcian blue and collagen 2a1 positive nodules, without the addition of exogenous morphogens, unlike their mouse counterparts. Subsequent quantitative RT-PCR confirmed up-regulation of expression of chondrogenic regulatory genes in lizard cells, including bmp2, sox9, runx2, and cartilage specific structural genes, aggrecan and collagen 2a1. Taken together, these data suggest that tail regeneration in lizards involves significant alterations in gene regulation with expanded musculoskeletal potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Palade
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA.
| | - Djordje Djordjevic
- Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and St. Vincent's Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth D Hutchins
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 455 N. Fifth Street Phoenix, 85004, AZ, USA.
| | - Rajani M George
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA.
| | - John A Cornelius
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA.
| | - Alan Rawls
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA.
| | - Joshua W K Ho
- Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and St. Vincent's Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Kenro Kusumi
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 455 N. Fifth Street Phoenix, 85004, AZ, USA.
| | - Jeanne Wilson-Rawls
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA.
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Disturbed Ca 2+ Homeostasis in Muscle-Wasting Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1088:307-326. [PMID: 30390258 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ is essential for proper structure and function of skeletal muscle. It not only activates contraction and force development but also participates in multiple signaling pathways. Low levels of Ca2+ restrain muscle regeneration by limiting the fusion of satellite cells. Ironically, sustained elevations of Ca2+ also result in muscle degeneration as this ion promotes high rates of protein breakdown. Moreover, transforming growth factors (TGFs) which are well known for controlling muscle growth also regulate Ca2+ channels. Thus, therapies focused on changing levels of Ca2+ and TGFs are promising for treating muscle-wasting disorders. Three principal systems govern the homeostasis of Ca2+, namely, excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, excitation-coupled Ca2+ entry (ECCE), and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Accordingly, alterations in these systems can lead to weakness and atrophy in many hereditary diseases, such as Brody disease, central core disease (CCD), tubular aggregate myopathy (TAM), myotonic dystrophy type 1 (MD1), oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Here, the interrelationship between all these molecules and processes is reviewed.
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Muscle satellite cells are functionally impaired in myasthenia gravis: consequences on muscle regeneration. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 134:869-888. [PMID: 28756524 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disease caused in most cases by anti-acetyl-choline receptor (AChR) autoantibodies that impair neuromuscular signal transmission and affect skeletal muscle homeostasis. Myogenesis is carried out by muscle stem cells called satellite cells (SCs). However, myogenesis in MG had never been explored. The aim of this study was to characterise the functional properties of myasthenic SCs as well as their abilities in muscle regeneration. SCs were isolated from muscle biopsies of MG patients and age-matched controls. We first showed that the number of Pax7+ SCs was increased in muscle sections from MG and its experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) mouse model. Myoblasts isolated from MG muscles proliferate and differentiate more actively than myoblasts from control muscles. MyoD and MyoG were expressed at a higher level in MG myoblasts as well as in MG muscle biopsies compared to controls. We found that treatment of control myoblasts with MG sera or monoclonal anti-AChR antibodies increased the differentiation and MyoG mRNA expression compared to control sera. To investigate the functional ability of SCs from MG muscle to regenerate, we induced muscle regeneration using acute cardiotoxin injury in the EAMG mouse model. We observed a delay in maturation evidenced by a decrease in fibre size and MyoG mRNA expression as well as an increase in fibre number and embryonic myosin heavy-chain mRNA expression. These findings demonstrate for the first time the altered function of SCs from MG compared to control muscles. These alterations could be due to the anti-AChR antibodies via the modulation of myogenic markers resulting in muscle regeneration impairment. In conclusion, the autoimmune attack in MG appears to have unsuspected pathogenic effects on SCs and muscle regeneration, with potential consequences on myogenic signalling pathways, and subsequently on clinical outcome, especially in the case of muscle stress.
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Green L, Ofstein RH, Rapp B, Saadatzadeh MR, Bhavsar JR, Fajardo A, Dalsing MC, Ingram DA, Murphy MP. Adult venous endothelium is a niche for highly proliferative and vasculogenic endothelial colony-forming cells. J Vasc Surg 2017; 66:1854-1863. [PMID: 28655551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postnatal resident endothelium of blood vessels has been proposed to represent terminally differentiated tissue that does not replicate. We previously isolated endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) from human umbilical cord blood (CB) and term placenta by using colony-forming assays and immunocytochemistry. We showed that ECFCs are highly proliferative and form functioning vessels in vivo, the defining characteristics of a true endothelial progenitor cell. This exploratory investigation was conducted to determine whether the endothelium of healthy adult blood vessels contained resident ECFCs. METHODS The endothelium of great saphenous vein (GSV) obtained from vein stripping procedures was collected with mechanical scraping, and ECFCs were isolated according to established protocols. RESULTS GSV ECFCs incorporated acetylated low-density lipoprotein, formed tubules in Matrigel (BD Biosciences, San Jose, Calif) at 24 hours, and expressed endothelial antigens cluster of differentiation (CD) 144, CD31, CD105, and kinase insert domain receptor but not hematopoietic antigen CD45. Using cumulative population doublings and single-cell assays, we demonstrated that GSV ECFCs exhibited comparable proliferative capacities compared with CB ECFCs, including similar numbers of highly proliferative cells. When injected in collagen/fibronectin gels implanted in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immune deficiency mice, GSV ECFCs formed blood vessels with circulating murine red blood cells, demonstrating their vasculogenic potential. CONCLUSIONS The ECFCs of the GSV contain a hierarchy of progenitor cells with a comparable number of highly proliferative clones as ECFCs of CB. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the adult endothelium contains resident progenitor cells that may have a critical role in vascular homeostasis and repair and could potentially be used as a source of autologous cells for cell therapies focusing on vasculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linden Green
- Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind.
| | - Richard H Ofstein
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Brian Rapp
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - M Reza Saadatzadeh
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind; Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Janak R Bhavsar
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind; Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Andres Fajardo
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Michael C Dalsing
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - David A Ingram
- Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind; Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind; Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind; Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind
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15
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Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Affect Myogenic Processes in C2C12 Myoblasts: Role of Gap-Junction-Mediated Intercellular Communication. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2460215. [PMID: 28607928 PMCID: PMC5457768 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2460215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) can interact with biological systems. Although they are successfully used as therapeutic agents in physiatrics and rehabilitative practice, they might represent environmental pollutants and pose a risk to human health. Due to the lack of evidence of their mechanism of action, the effects of ELF-EMFs on differentiation processes in skeletal muscle were investigated. C2C12 myoblasts were exposed to ELF-EMFs generated by a solenoid. The effects of ELF-EMFs on cell viability and on growth and differentiation rates were studied using colorimetric and vital dye assays, cytomorphology, and molecular analysis of MyoD and myogenin expression, respectively. The establishment of functional gap junctions was investigated analyzing connexin 43 expression levels and measuring cell permeability, using microinjection/dye-transfer assays. The ELF-EMFs did not affect C2C12 myoblast viability or proliferation rate. Conversely, at ELF-EMF intensity in the mT range, the myogenic process was accelerated, through increased expression of MyoD, myogenin, and connexin 43. The increase in gap-junction function suggests promoting cell fusion and myotube differentiation. These data provide the first evidence of the mechanism through which ELF-EMFs may provide therapeutic benefits and can resolve, at least in part, some conditions of muscle dysfunction.
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16
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Patruno M, Gomiero C, Sacchetto R, Topel O, Negro A, Martinello T. Tat-MyoD fused proteins, together with C2c12 conditioned medium, are able to induce equine adult mesenchimal stem cells towards the myogenic fate. Vet Res Commun 2017; 41:211-217. [PMID: 28589421 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-017-9692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Tat protein is able to translocate through the plasma membrane and when it is fused with other peptides may acts as a protein transduction system. This ability appears particularly interesting to induce tissue-specific differentiation when the Tat protein is associated to transcription factors. In the present work, the potential of the complex Tat-MyoD in inducing equine peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells (PB-MSCs) towards the myogenic fate, was evaluated. Results showed that the internalization process of Tat-MyoD happens only in serum free conditions and that the nuclear localization of the fused complex is observed after 15 hours of incubation. However, the supplement of Tat-MyoD only was not sufficient to induce myogenesis and, therefore, in order to achieve the myogenic differentiation of PB-MSCs, conditioned medium from C2C12 cells was added without direct contact. Real Time PCR and immunofluorescence methods evaluated the establishment of a myogenic program. Our results suggest that TAT- transduction of Tat-MyoD, when supported by conditioned medium, represents a useful methodology to induce myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Patruno
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Chiara Gomiero
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Sacchetto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ohad Topel
- VTH - Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alessandro Negro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,VTH - Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tiziana Martinello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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17
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Reed KM, Mendoza KM, Abrahante JE, Barnes NE, Velleman SG, Strasburg GM. Response of turkey muscle satellite cells to thermal challenge. I. transcriptome effects in proliferating cells. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:352. [PMID: 28477619 PMCID: PMC5420122 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change poses a multi-dimensional threat to food and agricultural systems as a result of increased risk to animal growth, development, health, and food product quality. This study was designed to characterize transcriptional changes induced in turkey muscle satellite cells cultured under cold or hot thermal challenge to better define molecular mechanisms by which thermal stress alters breast muscle ultrastructure. RESULTS Satellite cells isolated from the pectoralis major muscle of 7-weeks-old male turkeys from two breeding lines (16 weeks body weight-selected and it's randombred control) were proliferated in culture at 33 °C, 38 °C or 43 °C for 72 h. Total RNA was isolated and 12 libraries subjected to RNAseq analysis. Statistically significant differences in gene expression were observed among treatments and between turkey lines with a greater number of genes altered by cold treatment than by hot and fewer differences observed between lines than between temperatures. Pathway analysis found that cold treatment resulted in an overrepresentation of genes involved in cell signaling/signal transduction and cell communication/cell signaling as compared to control (38 °C). Heat-treated muscle satellite cells showed greater tendency towards expression of genes related to muscle system development and differentiation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates significant transcriptome effects on turkey skeletal muscle satellite cells exposed to thermal challenge. Additional effects on gene expression could be attributed to genetic selection for 16 weeks body weight (muscle mass). New targets are identified for further research on the differential control of satellite cell proliferation in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent M. Reed
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN USA
| | - Kristelle M. Mendoza
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN USA
| | - Juan E. Abrahante
- University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Natalie E. Barnes
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN USA
| | - Sandra G. Velleman
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH USA
| | - Gale M. Strasburg
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
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18
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Honardoost M, Arefian E, Soleimani M, Soudi S, Sarookhani MR. Development of Insulin Resistance through Induction of miRNA-135 in C2C12 Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:353-61. [PMID: 27602317 PMCID: PMC5011323 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are a class of posttranscriptional regulators that play
crucial roles in various biological processes. Emerging evidence suggests a direct link
between miRNAs and development of several diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D).
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of predicted miRNA and target genes on
insulin resistance.
Materials and Methods This experimental study was conducted on the C2C12 cell line.
Using bioinformatics tools miRNA-135 and two respective target genes-insulin receptor
(Insr) and vesicle associated membrane protein 2 (Vamp2)were selected as potential
factors involved in insulin resistance process. Levels of glucose uptake miRNA expression
and respective gene targets were determined after cell transfaction by miR-135.
Results It was determined that Insr gene expression was significantly down-regulated
in miR-135 transfected C2C12 cell line (P≤0.05). Interestingly; these transfected cells
have shown a significant difference in glucose uptake incomparision the positive control
cells, while it was similar to the insulin resistant cell line (P≤0.05). In contrast, no significant alteration of Vamp2 gene expression was observed.
Conclusion Our data indicated no change on the Vamp2 expression level after miRNA
transfection, while expression level of Insr was reduced and miR-135 expression
was contrarily increased leading to poor stimulation of glucose uptake through insulin,
and development of insulin resistance phenotype in C2C12 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Honardoost
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sarookhani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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19
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Bell RAV, Al-Khalaf M, Megeney LA. The beneficial role of proteolysis in skeletal muscle growth and stress adaptation. Skelet Muscle 2016; 6:16. [PMID: 27054028 PMCID: PMC4822268 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-016-0086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy derived from excessive proteolysis is a hallmark of numerous disease conditions. Accordingly, the negative consequences of skeletal muscle protein breakdown often overshadow the critical nature of proteolytic systems in maintaining normal cellular function. Here, we discuss the major cellular proteolysis machinery-the ubiquitin/proteosome system, the autophagy/lysosomal system, and caspase-mediated protein cleavage-and the critical role of these protein machines in establishing and preserving muscle health. We examine how ordered degradation modifies (1) the spatiotemporal expression of myogenic regulatory factors during myoblast differentiation, (2) membrane fusion during myotube formation, (3) sarcomere remodeling and muscle growth following physical stress, and (4) energy homeostasis during nutrient deprivation. Finally, we review the origin and etiology of a number of myopathies and how these devastating conditions arise from inborn errors in proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A V Bell
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Mohammad Al-Khalaf
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Lynn A Megeney
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
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20
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Li Y, Adomat H, Guns ET, Hojabrpour P, Duronio V, Curran TA, Jalili RB, Jia W, Delwar Z, Zhang Y, Elizei SS, Ghahary A. Identification of a Hematopoietic Cell Dedifferentiation-Inducing Factor. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:1350-63. [PMID: 26529564 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It has long been realized that hematopoietic cells may have the capacity to trans-differentiate into non-lymphohematopoietic cells under specific conditions. However, the mechanisms and the factors for hematopoietic cell trans-differentiation remain unknown. In an in vitro culture system, we found that using a conditioned medium from proliferating fibroblasts can induce a subset of hematopoietic cells to become adherent fibroblast-like cells (FLCs). FLCs are not fibroblasts nor other mesenchymal stromal cells, based on their expression of type-1 collagen, and other stromal cell marker genes. To identify the active factors in the conditioned medium, we cultured fibroblasts in a serum-free medium and collected it for further purification. Using the fractions from filter devices of different molecular weight cut-offs, and ammonium sulfate precipitation collected from the medium, we found the active fraction is a protein. We then purified this fraction by using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and identified it by mass spectrometer as macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). The mechanisms of M-CSF-inducing trans-differentiation of hematopoietic cells seem to involve a tyrosine kinase signalling pathway and its known receptor. The FLCs express a number of stem cell markers including SSEA-1 and -3, OCT3/4, NANOG, and SOX2. Spontaneous and induced differentiation experiments confirmed that FLCs can be further differentiated into cell types of three germ layers. These data indicate that hematopoietic cells can be induced by M-CSF to dedifferentiate to multipotent stem cells. This study also provides a simple method to generate multipotent stem cells for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyuan Li
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hans Adomat
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Payman Hojabrpour
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vincent Duronio
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Terry-Ann Curran
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Reza Baradar Jalili
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William Jia
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zahid Delwar
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sanam Salimi Elizei
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aziz Ghahary
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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21
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Function of Membrane-Associated Proteoglycans in the Regulation of Satellite Cell Growth. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 900:61-95. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27511-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Kavanagh JN, Waring EJ, Prise KM. Radiation responses of stem cells: targeted and non-targeted effects. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2015; 166:110-117. [PMID: 25877536 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are fundamental to the development of any tissue or organism via their ability to self-renew, which is aided by their unlimited proliferative capacity and their ability to produce fully differentiated offspring, often from multiple lineages. Stems cells are long lived and have the potential to accumulate mutations, including in response to radiation exposure. It is thought that stem cells have the potential to be induced into a cancer stem cell phenotype and that these may play an important role in resistance to radiotherapy. For radiation-induced carcinogenesis, the role of targeted and non-targeted effects is unclear with tissue or origin being important. Studies of genomic instability and bystander responses have shown consistent effects in haematopoietic models. Several models of radiation have predicted that stem cells play an important role in tumour initiation and that bystander responses could play a role in proliferation and self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Kavanagh
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - E J Waring
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - K M Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
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23
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Law C, Cheung P. Expression of Non-acetylatable H2A.Z in Myoblast Cells Blocks Myoblast Differentiation through Disruption of MyoD Expression. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13234-49. [PMID: 25839232 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.595462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
H2A.Z is a histone H2A variant that is essential for viability in Tetrahymena and Drosophila and also during embryonic development of mice. Although implicated in diverse cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, chromosome segregation, and heterochromatin formation, its essential function in cells remains unknown. Cellular differentiation is part of the developmental process of multicellular organisms. To elucidate the roles of H2A.Z and H2A.Z acetylation in cellular differentiation, we examined the effects of expressing wild type (WT) or a non-acetylatable form of H2A.Z in the growth and differentiation of the myoblast C2C12 cell line. Ectopic expression of wild type or mutant H2A.Z resulted in distinct phenotypes in the differentiation of the C2C12 cells and the formation of myotubes. Most strikingly, expression of the H2A.Z non-acetylatable mutant (H2A.Z-Ac-mut) resulted in a complete block of myoblast differentiation. We determined that this phenotype is caused by a loss of MyoD expression in the Ac-mut-expressing cells prior to and after induction of differentiation. Moreover, chromatin accessibility assays showed that the promoter region of MyoD is less accessible in the differentiation-defective cells. Altogether, these new findings show that expression of the Ac-mut form of H2A.Z resulted in a dominant phenotype that blocked differentiation due to chromatin changes at the MyoD promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Law
- From the Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada and
| | - Peter Cheung
- From the Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada and the Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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24
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Xing H, Zhou M, Assinck P, Liu N. Electrical stimulation influences satellite cell differentiation after sciatic nerve crush injury in rats. Muscle Nerve 2015; 51:400-11. [PMID: 24947716 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electrical stimulation is often used to prevent muscle atrophy and preserve contractile function, but its effects on the satellite cell population after nerve injury are not well understood. In this study we aimed to determine whether satellite cell differentiation is affected by electrical stimulation after nerve crush. METHODS The sciatic nerves of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were crushed. Half of the injured rats received daily electrical stimulation of the gastrocnemius muscle, and the others did not. Tests for detecting paired box protein 7 (Pax7), myogenic differentiation antigen (MyoD), embryonic myosin heavy chain (eMyHC), and force production were performed 2, 4, and 6 weeks after injury. RESULTS More Pax7+/MyoD+ nuclei in stimulated muscles were observed than in non-stimulated muscles. eMyHC expression was elevated in stimulated muscles and correlated positively with enhanced force production. CONCLUSIONS Increased satellite cell differentiation is correlated with preserved muscle function in response to electrical stimulation after nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayi Xing
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, PR China
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25
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Miyata K, Miyata T, Nakabayashi K, Okamura K, Naito M, Kawai T, Takada S, Kato K, Miyamoto S, Hata K, Asahara H. DNA methylation analysis of human myoblasts during in vitro myogenic differentiation: de novo methylation of promoters of muscle-related genes and its involvement in transcriptional down-regulation. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:410-23. [PMID: 25190712 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although DNA methylation is considered to play an important role during myogenic differentiation, chronological alterations in DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in this process have been poorly understood. Using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array, we obtained a chronological profile of the genome-wide DNA methylation status in a human myoblast differentiation model, where myoblasts were cultured in low-serum medium to stimulate myogenic differentiation. As the differentiation of the myoblasts proceeded, their global DNA methylation level increased and their methylation patterns became more distinct from those of mesenchymal stem cells. Gene ontology analysis revealed that genes whose promoter region was hypermethylated upon myoblast differentiation were highly significantly enriched with muscle-related terms such as 'muscle contraction' and 'muscle system process'. Sequence motif analysis identified 8-bp motifs somewhat similar to the binding motifs of ID4 and ZNF238 to be most significantly enriched in hypermethylated promoter regions. ID4 and ZNF238 have been shown to be critical transcriptional regulators of muscle-related genes during myogenic differentiation. An integrated analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression profiles revealed that de novo DNA methylation of non-CpG island (CGI) promoters was more often associated with transcriptional down-regulation than that of CGI promoters. These results strongly suggest the existence of an epigenetic mechanism in which DNA methylation modulates the functions of key transcriptional factors to coordinately regulate muscle-related genes during myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Miyata
- Department of Systems BioMedicine and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Tomoko Miyata
- Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Naito
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan and
| | - Tomoko Kawai
- Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | | | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shingo Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine and Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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26
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Amini S, Fathi F, Mobalegi J, Sofimajidpour H, Ghadimi T. The expressions of stem cell markers: Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, nucleostemin, Bmi, Zfx, Tcl1, Tbx3, Dppa4, and Esrrb in bladder, colon, and prostate cancer, and certain cancer cell lines. Anat Cell Biol 2014; 47:1-11. [PMID: 24693477 PMCID: PMC3968261 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2014.47.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled self-renewal plays a direct function in the progression of different types of carcinomas. The same molecular pathway that manages self-renewal in normal stem cells also seems to manage cancer stem cells. Here, we examine the expressions of self-renewal regulatory factors Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, nucleostemin, Zfx, Esrrb, Tcl1, Tbx3, and Dppa4 in tissue samples of colon, prostate, and bladder carcinomas as well as cancer cell lines HT-29, Caco-2, HT-1376, LNCaP, and HepG2. We used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to examine expressions of the above mentioned regulatory factors in cancer cell lines HT-29, Caco-2, HT-1376, LNCaP, and HepG2 and in 20 tumor tissue samples. Total RNA was isolated by the ISOGEN method. RNA integrity was checked by agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometry. Expressions of Oct4 and nucleostemin at the protein level were determined by immunocytochemistry. A significant relationship was found between tumor grade and self-renewal gene expression. Expressions of stem cell specific marker genes were detected in all examined cancer cell lines, in 40% to 100% of bladder cancer samples, and in 60% to 100% of colon and prostate cancer samples. Oct4 expressed in 100% of tumor tissue samples. Our data show that stem cell markers Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, nucleostemin, Bmi, Zfx, Esrrb, Tcl1, Tbx3, and Dppa4 significantly express in cancer cell lines and cancer tissues. Hence, these markers might be useful as potential tumor markers in the diagnosis and/or prognosis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrieh Amini
- Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fardin Fathi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Jafar Mobalegi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Tayyeb Ghadimi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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27
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Cheng CW, Solorio LD, Alsberg E. Decellularized tissue and cell-derived extracellular matrices as scaffolds for orthopaedic tissue engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:462-84. [PMID: 24417915 PMCID: PMC3959761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The reconstruction of musculoskeletal defects is a constant challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Musculoskeletal injuries such as fractures, chondral lesions, infections and tumor debulking can often lead to large tissue voids requiring reconstruction with tissue grafts. Autografts are currently the gold standard in orthopaedic tissue reconstruction; however, there is a limit to the amount of tissue that can be harvested before compromising the donor site. Tissue engineering strategies using allogeneic or xenogeneic decellularized bone, cartilage, skeletal muscle, tendon and ligament have emerged as promising potential alternative treatment. The extracellular matrix provides a natural scaffold for cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Decellularization of in vitro cell-derived matrices can also enable the generation of autologous constructs from tissue specific cells or progenitor cells. Although decellularized bone tissue is widely used clinically in orthopaedic applications, the exciting potential of decellularized cartilage, skeletal muscle, tendon and ligament cell-derived matrices has only recently begun to be explored for ultimate translation to the orthopaedic clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina W Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Wickenden Building, Rm 218, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Loran D Solorio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Wickenden Building, Rm 218, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Wickenden Building, Rm 218, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA; National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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28
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Basualto-Alarcón C, Varela D, Duran J, Maass R, Estrada M. Sarcopenia and Androgens: A Link between Pathology and Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:217. [PMID: 25566189 PMCID: PMC4270249 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is becoming more prevalent as the lifespan continues to increase in most populations. As sarcopenia is highly disabling, being associated with increased risk of dependence, falls, fractures, weakness, disability, and death, development of approaches to its prevention and treatment are required. Androgens are the main physiologic anabolic steroid hormones and normal testosterone levels are necessary for a range of developmental and biological processes, including maintenance of muscle mass. Testosterone concentrations decline as age increase, suggesting that low plasma testosterone levels can cause or accelerate muscle- and age-related diseases, as sarcopenia. Currently, there is increasing interest on the anabolic properties of testosterone for therapeutic use in muscle diseases including sarcopenia. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this muscle syndrome and its relationship with plasma level of androgens are not completely understood. This review discusses the recent findings regarding sarcopenia, the intrinsic, and extrinsic mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of this disease and the treatment approaches that have been developed based on testosterone deficiency and their implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Basualto-Alarcón
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Varela
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Duran
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Maass
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Morfofunción, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Estrada
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Manuel Estrada, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8389100, Chile e-mail:
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29
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Pu F, Rhodes NP, Bayon Y, Hunt JA. In vitrocellular response to oxidized collagen-PLLA hybrid scaffolds designed for the repair of muscular tissue defects and complex incisional hernias. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:E454-E466. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanrong Pu
- UK Centre for Tissue Engineering, Clinical Engineering, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease; University of Liverpool; UK
| | - Nicholas P. Rhodes
- UK Centre for Tissue Engineering, Clinical Engineering, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease; University of Liverpool; UK
| | - Yves Bayon
- Covidien-Sofradim Production; Trevoux France
| | - John A. Hunt
- UK Centre for Tissue Engineering, Clinical Engineering, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease; University of Liverpool; UK
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30
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Characterisation and expression of myogenesis regulatory factors during in vitro myoblast development and in vivo fasting in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 167:90-9. [PMID: 24157945 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterise a primary cell culture isolated from fast skeletal muscle of the gilthead sea bream. Gene expression profiles during culture maturation were compared with those obtained from a fasting-refeeding model which is widely used to modulate myogenesis in vivo. Myogenesis is controlled by numerous extracellular signals together with intracellular transcriptional factors whose coordinated expression is critical for the appropriate development of muscle fibres. Full-length cDNAs for the transcription factors Myf5, Mrf4, Pax7 and Sox8 were cloned and sequenced for gilthead sea bream. Pax7, sox8, myod2 and myf5 levels were up-regulated during the proliferating phase of the myogenic cultures coincident with the highest expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In contrast, myogenin and mrf4 transcript abundance was highest during the differentiation phase of the culture when myotubes were present, and was correlated with increased myosin heavy chain (mhc) and desmin expression. In vivo, 30days of fasting resulted in muscle fibre atrophy, a reduction in myod2, myf5 and igf1 expression, lower number of Myod-positive cells, and decreased PCNA protein expression, whereas myogenin expression was not significantly affected. Myostatin1 (mstn1) and pax7 expression were up-regulated in fasted relative to well-fed individuals, consistent with a role for Pax7 in the reduction of myogenic cell activity with fasting. The primary cell cultures and fasting-feeding experiments described provide a foundation for the future investigations on the regulation of muscle growth in gilthead sea bream.
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31
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Schindeler A, Kolind M, Little DG. Cellular transitions and tissue engineering. Cell Reprogram 2013; 15:101-6. [PMID: 23550730 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2012.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) describe complex changes in progenitor lineage, cell morphology, and gene expression. Stimulated by environmental cues, these cellular transitions are essential for elements of embryonic development and can be pathologically dysregulated in disease states. EMT occurs in biological processes such as gastrulation, cardiogenesis, and fibrosis. EndMT is involved in development and tissue fibrosis, but recent studies have implicated this process in musculoskeletal biology and pathology. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine typically rely on endogenous progenitors or progenitors expanded ex vivo to repair damaged or impaired tissues or organs. The processes of EMT and EndMT may aid in elucidating new methods for reducing fibrosis and identifying novel plastic progenitor populations for tissue repair. This review will discuss the potential for EMT and EndMT to impact on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Schindeler
- Department of Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology, the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
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32
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Boldrin L, Neal A, Zammit PS, Muntoni F, Morgan JE. Donor satellite cell engraftment is significantly augmented when the host niche is preserved and endogenous satellite cells are incapacitated. Stem Cells 2013; 30:1971-84. [PMID: 22730231 PMCID: PMC3465801 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is already in clinical practice for certain genetic diseases and is a promising therapy for dystrophic muscle. We used the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy to investigate the effect of the host satellite cell niche on the contribution of donor muscle stem cells (satellite cells) to muscle regeneration. We found that incapacitation of the host satellite cells and preservation of the muscle niche promote donor satellite cell contribution to muscle regeneration and functional reconstitution of the satellite cell compartment. But, if the host niche is not promptly refilled, or is filled by competent host satellite cells, it becomes nonfunctional and donor engraftment is negligible. Application of this regimen to aged host muscles also promotes efficient regeneration from aged donor satellite cells. In contrast, if the niche is destroyed, yet host satellite cells remain proliferation-competent, donor-derived engraftment is trivial. Thus preservation of the satellite cell niche, concomitant with functional impairment of the majority of satellite cells within dystrophic human muscles, may improve the efficiency of stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Boldrin
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
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33
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Notch1-mediated signaling regulates proliferation of porcine satellite cells (PSCs). Cell Signal 2012; 25:561-9. [PMID: 23160004 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved cell-cell communication mechanism involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and fate decisions of mammalian cells. In the present study, we investigated the possible requirement for Notch signaling in the proliferation and differentiation of porcine satellite cells. We show that Notch1, 2 and 3 are expressed in cultured porcine satellite cells. Knock-down of NOTCH1, but not NOTCH2 and NOTCH3, decreases the proliferation of porcine satellite cells. In contrast, enhancement of NOTCH1 expression via treatment of porcine satellite cells with recombinant NF-κB increases the proliferation of porcine satellite cells. The alteration of porcine satellite cell proliferation is associated with significant changes in the expression of cell cycle related genes (cyclin B1, D1, D2, E1 and p21), myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD and myogenin) and the Notch effector Hes5. In addition, alteration of Notch1 expression in porcine satellite cells causes changes in the expression of GSK3β-3. Taken together, these findings suggest that of the four notch-related genes, Notch1is likely to be required for regulating the proliferation and therefore the maintenance of porcine satellite cells in vivo, and do so through activation of the Notch effector gene Hes5.
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34
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Sanchez-Lara PA, Zhao H, Bajpai R, Abdelhamid AI, Warburton D. Impact of stem cells in craniofacial regenerative medicine. Front Physiol 2012; 3:188. [PMID: 22737127 PMCID: PMC3380335 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest regarding stem cell based therapies for the treatment of congenital or acquired craniofacial deformities is rapidly growing. Craniofacial problems such as periodontal disease, cleft lip and palate, ear microtia, craniofacial microsomia, and head and neck cancers are not only common but also some of the most burdensome surgical problems worldwide. Treatments often require a multi-staged multidisciplinary team approach. Current surgical therapies attempt to reduce the morbidity and social/emotional impact, yet outcomes can still be unpredictable and unsatisfactory. The concept of harvesting stem cells followed by expansion, differentiation, seeding onto a scaffold and re-transplanting them is likely to become a clinical reality. In this review, we will summarize the translational applications of stem cell therapy in tissue regeneration for craniofacial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Sanchez-Lara
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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35
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Weigt C, Hertrampf T, Zoth N, Fritzemeier KH, Diel P. Impact of estradiol, ER subtype specific agonists and genistein on energy homeostasis in a rat model of nutrition induced obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 351:227-38. [PMID: 22230815 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens are known to be involved in the control of energy homeostasis. Here we investigated the role of ER alpha and ER beta in a model of nutrition induced obesity. Ovariectomized Wistar rats were fed a high fat diet and received either vehicle, E2, ER subtype selective agonists (Alpha and Beta) or genistein. After 10 weeks, body weight, visceral fat, serum leptin, blood lipids, and in the soleus muscle anabolic markers were determined. Treatment with E2 and Alpha decreased body weight, total cholesterol and VLDL. Visceral fat mass, adipocyte size, and serum leptin were reduced by E2, Alpha and Beta. In the soleus muscle, treatment with E2 and Beta modulated Igf1 and Pax7 gene expression and resulted in larger muscle fibers. Our data indicate that blood lipids are affected via ER alpha, whereas activation of ER beta results in an increase of soleus muscle mass. Adipose tissue homeostasis seems to be affected via both ERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Weigt
- German Sports University Cologne, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
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36
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Cadwallader AB, Lim CS, Rollins DE, Botrè F. The androgen receptor and its use in biological assays: looking toward effect-based testing and its applications. J Anal Toxicol 2012; 35:594-607. [PMID: 22080898 DOI: 10.1093/anatox/35.9.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid abuse is a growing problem among amateur and professional athletes. Because of an inundation of newly and illegally synthesized steroids with minor structural modifications and other designer steroid receptor modulators, there is a need to develop new methods of detection which do not require prior knowledge of the abused steroid structure. The number of designer steroids currently being abused is unknown because detection methods in general are only identifying substances with a known structure. The detection of doping is moving away from merely checking for exposure to prohibited substance toward detecting an effect of prohibited substances, as biological assays can do. Cell-based biological assays are the next generation of assays which should be utilized by antidoping laboratories; they can detect androgenic anabolic steroid and other human androgen receptor (hAR) ligand presence without knowledge of their structure and assess the relative biological activity of these compounds. This review summarizes the hAR and its action and discusses its relevance to sports doping and its use in biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy B Cadwallader
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Largo Giulio Onesti, Rome, Italy.
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37
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Onofre-Oliveira PCG, Santos ALF, Martins PM, Ayub-Guerrieri D, Vainzof M. Differential expression of genes involved in the degeneration and regeneration pathways in mouse models for muscular dystrophies. Neuromolecular Med 2012; 14:74-83. [PMID: 22362587 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-012-8172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The genetically determined muscular dystrophies are caused by mutations in genes coding for muscle proteins. Differences in the phenotypes are mainly the age of onset and velocity of progression. Muscle weakness is the consequence of myofiber degeneration due to an imbalance between successive cycles of degeneration/regeneration. While muscle fibers are lost, a replacement of the degraded muscle fibers by adipose and connective tissues occurs. Major investigation points are to elicit the involved pathophysiological mechanisms to elucidate how each mutation can lead to a specific degenerative process and how the regeneration is stimulated in each case. To answer these questions, we used four mouse models with different mutations causing muscular dystrophies, Dmd (mdx), SJL/J, Large (myd) and Lama2 (dy2J) /J, and compared the histological changes of regeneration and fibrosis to the expression of genes involved in those processes. For regeneration, the MyoD, Myf5 and myogenin genes related to the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells were studied, while for degeneration, the TGF-β1 and Pro-collagen 1α2 genes, involved in the fibrotic cascade, were analyzed. The result suggests that TGF-β1 gene is activated in the dystrophic process in all the stages of degeneration, while the activation of the expression of the pro-collagen gene possibly occurs in mildest stages of this process. We also observed that each pathophysiological mechanism acted differently in the activation of regeneration, with distinctions in the induction of proliferation of satellite cells, but with no alterations in stimulation to differentiation. Dysfunction of satellite cells can, therefore, be an important additional mechanism of pathogenesis in the dystrophic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C G Onofre-Oliveira
- Human Research Genome Center, Bioscience Institute, University of São Paulo, R. do Matão, travessa 13, no. 106, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-090, Brazil
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38
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Ferraresi C, Hamblin MR, Parizotto NA. Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) on muscle tissue: performance, fatigue and repair benefited by the power of light. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 1:267-286. [PMID: 23626925 DOI: 10.1515/plm-2012-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of low level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) has recently expanded to cover areas of medicine that were not previously thought of as the usual applications such as wound healing and inflammatory orthopedic conditions. One of these novel application areas is LLLT for muscle fatigue and muscle injury. Since it is becoming agreed that mitochondria are the principal photoacceptors present inside cells, and it is known that muscle cells are exceptionally rich in mitochondria, this suggests that LLLT should be highly beneficial in muscle injuries. The ability of LLLT to stimulate stem cells and progenitor cells means that muscle satellite cells may respond well to LLLT and help muscle repair. Furthermore the ability of LLLT to reduce inflammation and lessen oxidative stress is also beneficial in cases of muscle fatigue and injury. This review covers the literature relating to LLLT and muscles in both preclinical animal experiments and human clinical studies. Athletes, people with injured muscles, and patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy may all benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber Ferraresi
- Laboratory of Electro-thermo-phototherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil; and Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
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Haider HK, Mustafa A, Feng Y, Ashraf M. Genetic Modification of Stem Cells for Improved Therapy of the Infarcted Myocardium. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1446-57. [DOI: 10.1021/mp2001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Husnain Kh. Haider
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Anique Mustafa
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Yuliang Feng
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
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40
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Lee DM, Bajracharya P, Lee EJ, Kim JE, Lee HJ, Chun T, Kim J, Cho KH, Chang J, Hong S, Choi I. Effects of gender-specific adult bovine serum on myogenic satellite cell proliferation, differentiation and lipid accumulation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2011; 47:438-44. [PMID: 21614650 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-011-9427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study was performed to explore the effects of adult bovine male serum (MS), female serum (FS), and castrated male serum (C-MS) on myogenic satellite cells (MSCs) proliferation and differentiation into myotubes or into adipocyte-like cells (ALCs). MSC proliferation and differentiation was highest in the medium supplemented with MS, implying the important role of male steroid hormones. Myogenin and desmin were highly upregulated in cells cultured in MS-supplemented medium. In contrast, lipid accumulation in ALCs was highest in the medium supplemented with FS. Fatty acid transporter (FAT/CD36) was upregulated in FS-supplemented cultures. Detection of higher FAT/CD36 inducing fatty acids (arachidic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid) in FS compared with MS and C-MS suggests that these fatty acids may have influenced the enhanced formation of lipid droplets in ALCs. Effect of sex steroids on cell proliferation and cell growth of bovine MSCs and C2C12 cell in C-MS was greater than charcoal-dextran-treated fetal bovine serum (CDFBS). Concluding the above facts, the results indicate that each gender-specific bovine serum constitutes of different component, which leads to unique effects on cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mok Lee
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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41
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Comparison of satellite cell-derived myoblasts and C2C12 differentiation in two- and three-dimensional cultures: changes in adhesion protein expression. Cell Biol Int 2011; 35:125-33. [PMID: 20836763 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20090335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the expression of adhesion proteins involved in myoblast differentiation were investigated in monolayer (two-dimensional) and 3D (three-dimensional) cell cultures. The expression of integrin alpha3 subunit, integrin beta1 subunit, ADAM12 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 12), tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 and M-cadherin were examined in the murine myoblast cell line C2C12 and in a primary culture of rat satellite cells. Myoblasts in monolayer and 3D cultures showed significant differences in their morphology and cytoskeletal organization. All of the studied proteins participated in myoblast fusion in each culture examined, but differences in their levels of expression were observed. Satellite cell-derived myoblasts exhibited higher expression of adhesion protein mRNAs than C2C12 cells. Also, C2C12 cells from a 3D culture showed slightly higher expression of adhesion protein transcripts than the same cells cultured as a monolayer. Significantly, the levels of adhesion protein mRNAs were found to change in parallel in all cell culture types. Despite this finding, it is important that differences between satellite cell-derived myoblasts and cell line C2C12 grown in monolayer and 3D cultures are taken into account when studying processes of myoblast differentiation in vitro.
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42
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Manzano R, Toivonen JM, Calvo AC, Muñoz MJ, Zaragoza P, Osta R. Housekeeping gene expression in myogenic cell cultures from neurodegeneration and denervation animal models. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 407:758-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Abstract
Cell differentiation in multicellular organisms is a complex process whose mechanism can be understood by a reductionist approach, in which the individual processes that control the generation of different cell types are identified. Alternatively, a large-scale approach in search of different organizational features of the growth stages promises to reveal its modular global structure with the goal of discovering previously unknown relations between cell types. Here, we sort and analyze a large set of scattered data to construct the network of human cell differentiation (NHCD) based on cell types (nodes) and differentiation steps (links) from the fertilized egg to a developed human. We discover a dynamical law of critical branching that reveals a self-similar regularity in the modular organization of the network, and allows us to observe the network at different scales. The emerging picture clearly identifies clusters of cell types following a hierarchical organization, ranging from sub-modules to super-modules of specialized tissues and organs on varying scales. This discovery will allow one to treat the development of a particular cell function in the context of the complex network of human development as a whole. Our results point to an integrated large-scale view of the network of cell types systematically revealing ties between previously unrelated domains in organ functions.
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45
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Mitchell KJ, Pannérec A, Cadot B, Parlakian A, Besson V, Gomes ER, Marazzi G, Sassoon DA. Identification and characterization of a non-satellite cell muscle resident progenitor during postnatal development. Nat Cell Biol 2010; 12:257-66. [PMID: 20118923 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Satellite cells are resident myogenic progenitors in postnatal skeletal muscle involved in muscle postnatal growth and adult regenerative capacity. Here, we identify and describe a population of muscle-resident stem cells, which are located in the interstitium, that express the cell stress mediator PW1 but do not express other markers of muscle stem cells such as Pax7. PW1(+)/Pax7(-) interstitial cells (PICs) are myogenic in vitro and efficiently contribute to skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo as well as generating satellite cells and PICs. Whereas Pax7 mutant satellite cells show robust myogenic potential, Pax7 mutant PICs are unable to participate in myogenesis and accumulate during postnatal growth. Furthermore, we found that PICs are not derived from a satellite cell lineage. Taken together, our findings uncover a new and anatomically identifiable population of muscle progenitors and define a key role for Pax7 in a non-satellite cell population during postnatal muscle growth.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Antigens, Ly/metabolism
- Cell Count
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cell Lineage
- Cell Proliferation
- Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle Development/physiology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/growth & development
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
- MyoD Protein/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- PAX3 Transcription Factor
- PAX7 Transcription Factor/genetics
- PAX7 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Paired Box Transcription Factors/genetics
- Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Untranslated
- Regeneration/physiology
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/cytology
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/metabolism
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/transplantation
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Mitchell
- Myology Group, UMR S 787 INSERM, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, Paris, 75634, France
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46
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Luther G, Rames R, Wagner ER, Zhu G, Luo Q, Bi Y, Kim SH, Gao JL, Huang E, Yang K, Wang L, Liu X, Li M, Hu N, Su Y, Luo X, Chen L, Luo J, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Zhou L, He TC. Molecular basis of differentiation therapy for soft tissue sarcomas. TRENDS IN CANCER RESEARCH 2010; 6:69-90. [PMID: 26912947 PMCID: PMC4762605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated precursor cells with the capacity for proliferation or terminal differentiation. Progression down the differentiation cascade results in a loss of proliferative potential in exchange for the differentiated phenotype. This balance is tightly regulated in the physiologic state. Recent studies, however, have demonstrated that during tumorigenesis, disruptions preventing terminal differentiation allow cancer cells to maintain a proliferative, precursor cell phenotype. Current therapies (i.e., chemotherapy and radiation therapy) target the actively proliferating cells in tumor masses, which in many cases inevitably induce therapy-resistant cancer cells. It is conceivable that promising therapy regimens can be developed by treating human cancers by inducing terminal differentiation, thereby restoring the interrupted pathway and shifting the balance from proliferation to differentiation. For example, osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone cancer caused by differentiation defects in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for which several differentiation therapies have shown great promise. In this review, we discuss the various differentiation therapies in the treatment of human sarcomas with a focus on OS. Such therapies hold great promise as they not only inhibit tumorigenesis, but also avoid the adverse effects associated with conventional chemotherapy regimens. Furthermore, it is conceivable that a combination of conventional therapies with differentiation therapy should significantly improve anticancer efficacy and reduce drug-resistance in the clinical management of human cancers, including sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Luther
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Richard Rames
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eric R. Wagner
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gaohui Zhu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yang Bi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Stephanie H. Kim
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jian-Li Gao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Enyi Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Linyuan Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xing Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Mi Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuxi Su
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiaoji Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jinyong Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lan Zhou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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47
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Lim SH, Mao HQ. Electrospun scaffolds for stem cell engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:1084-96. [PMID: 19647024 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells interact with and respond to a myriad of signals emanating from their extracellular microenvironment. The ability to harness the regenerative potential of stem cells via a synthetic matrix has promising implications for regenerative medicine. Electrospun fibrous scaffolds can be prepared with high degree of control over their structure creating highly porous meshes of ultrafine fibers that resemble the extracellular matrix topography, and are amenable to various functional modifications targeted towards enhancing stem cell survival and proliferation, directing specific stem cell fates, or promoting tissue organization. The feasibility of using such a scaffold platform to present integrated topographical and biochemical signals that are essential to stem cell manipulation has been demonstrated. Future application of this versatile scaffold platform to human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells for functional tissue repair and regeneration will further expand its potential for regenerative therapies.
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48
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von Maltzahn J, Wulf V, Willecke K. Spatiotemporal Expression of Connexin 39 and −43 During Myoblast Differentiation in Cultured Cells and in the Mouse Embryo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 13:55-60. [PMID: 16613780 DOI: 10.1080/15419060600631508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Connexin39 (Cx39) and connexin43 (Cx43) are known to be expressed during development of skeletal muscles. Here we have compared the expression pattern of both connexins during differentiation of established C(2)C(12) mouse myoblasts and in the mouse embryo. Cx43 is highly abundant in undifferentiated myoblasts, but no Cx39 protein was detected in these cells. Upon differentiation into myotubes, Cx39 expression increased. The consecutive expression of these connexins was also observed in the mouse embryo. Cx39 and Cx43 were found in different plaques in accordance with the notion that Cx43 is exclusively expressed in myoblasts and Cx39 in myotubes. Thus, differentiating C(2)C(12) cells in culture can serve to study the involvement of gap junctions in myogenesis, since expression of corresponding Cx39 and Cx43 proteins appears to be very similar as in the mouse embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia von Maltzahn
- Institut für Genetik, Abteilung Molekulargenetik, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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49
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The effect of downhill running on Notch signaling in regenerating skeletal muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 106:759-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Moreno-Pérez O, Picó Alfonso AM, Portilla J. Hipogonadismo, disfunción eréctil y disfunción endotelial en varones con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Med Clin (Barc) 2009; 132:311-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2008.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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