1
|
Schock EN, York JR, Li AP, Tu AY, LaBonne C. SoxB1 transcription factors are essential for initiating and maintaining neural plate border gene expression. Development 2024; 151:dev202693. [PMID: 38940470 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
SoxB1 transcription factors (Sox2/3) are well known for their role in early neural fate specification in the embryo, but little is known about functional roles for SoxB1 factors in non-neural ectodermal cell types, such as the neural plate border (NPB). Using Xenopus laevis, we set out to determine whether SoxB1 transcription factors have a regulatory function in NPB formation. Here, we show that SoxB1 factors are necessary for NPB formation, and that prolonged SoxB1 factor activity blocks the transition from a NPB to a neural crest state. Using ChIP-seq, we demonstrate that Sox3 is enriched upstream of NPB genes in early NPB cells and in blastula stem cells. Depletion of SoxB1 factors in blastula stem cells results in downregulation of NPB genes. Finally, we identify Pou5f3 factors as potential Sox3 partners in regulating the formation of the NPB and show that their combined activity is needed for normal NPB gene expression. Together, these data identify a role for SoxB1 factors in the establishment and maintenance of the NPB, in part through partnership with Pou5f3 factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N Schock
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Joshua R York
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Austin P Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ashlyn Y Tu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Carole LaBonne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- NSF-Simons National Institute for Theory and Mathematics in Biology, 875 N Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chatzi D, Kyriakoudi SA, Dermitzakis I, Manthou ME, Meditskou S, Theotokis P. Clinical and Genetic Correlation in Neurocristopathies: Bridging a Precision Medicine Gap. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2223. [PMID: 38673496 PMCID: PMC11050951 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurocristopathies (NCPs) encompass a spectrum of disorders arising from issues during the formation and migration of neural crest cells (NCCs). NCCs undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and upon key developmental gene deregulation, fetuses and neonates are prone to exhibit diverse manifestations depending on the affected area. These conditions are generally rare and often have a genetic basis, with many following Mendelian inheritance patterns, thus making them perfect candidates for precision medicine. Examples include cranial NCPs, like Goldenhar syndrome and Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome; cardiac-vagal NCPs, such as DiGeorge syndrome; truncal NCPs, like congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome; and enteric NCPs, such as Hirschsprung disease. Additionally, NCCs' migratory and differentiating nature makes their derivatives prone to tumors, with various cancer types categorized based on their NCC origin. Representative examples include schwannomas and pheochromocytomas. This review summarizes current knowledge of diseases arising from defects in NCCs' specification and highlights the potential of precision medicine to remedy a clinical phenotype by targeting the genotype, particularly important given that those affected are primarily infants and young children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.C.); (S.A.K.); (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alasaadi DN, Alvizi L, Hartmann J, Stillman N, Moghe P, Hiiragi T, Mayor R. Competence for neural crest induction is controlled by hydrostatic pressure through Yap. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:530-541. [PMID: 38499770 PMCID: PMC11021196 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Embryonic induction is a key mechanism in development that corresponds to an interaction between a signalling and a responding tissue, causing a change in the direction of differentiation by the responding tissue. Considerable progress has been achieved in identifying inductive signals, yet how tissues control their responsiveness to these signals, known as competence, remains poorly understood. While the role of molecular signals in competence has been studied, how tissue mechanics influence competence remains unexplored. Here we investigate the role of hydrostatic pressure in controlling competence in neural crest cells, an embryonic cell population. We show that neural crest competence decreases concomitantly with an increase in the hydrostatic pressure of the blastocoel, an embryonic cavity in contact with the prospective neural crest. By manipulating hydrostatic pressure in vivo, we show that this increase leads to the inhibition of Yap signalling and impairs Wnt activation in the responding tissue, which would be required for neural crest induction. We further show that hydrostatic pressure controls neural crest induction in amphibian and mouse embryos and in human cells, suggesting a conserved mechanism across vertebrates. Our work sets out how tissue mechanics can interplay with signalling pathways to regulate embryonic competence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delan N Alasaadi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucas Alvizi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonas Hartmann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Namid Stillman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Prachiti Moghe
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Takashi Hiiragi
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Charney RM, Prasad MS, Juan-Sing C, Patel LJ, Hernandez JC, Wu J, García-Castro MI. Mowat-Wilson syndrome factor ZEB2 controls early formation of human neural crest through BMP signaling modulation. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2254-2267. [PMID: 37890485 PMCID: PMC10679662 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mowat-Wilson syndrome is caused by mutations in ZEB2, with patients exhibiting characteristics indicative of neural crest (NC) defects. We examined the contribution of ZEB2 to human NC formation using a model based on human embryonic stem cells. We found ZEB2 to be one of the earliest factors expressed in prospective human NC, and knockdown revealed a role for ZEB2 in establishing the NC state while repressing pre-placodal and non-neural ectoderm genes. Examination of ZEB2 N-terminal mutant NC cells demonstrates its requirement for the repression of enhancers in the NC gene network and proper NC cell terminal differentiation into osteoblasts and peripheral neurons and neuroglia. This ZEB2 mutation causes early misexpression of BMP signaling ligands, which can be rescued by the attenuation of BMP. Our findings suggest that ZEB2 regulates early human NC specification by modulating proper BMP signaling and further elaborate the molecular defects underlying Mowat-Wilson syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah M Charney
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Maneeshi S Prasad
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Czarina Juan-Sing
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Lipsa J Patel
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline C Hernandez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Martín I García-Castro
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pandey A, Cousin H, Horr B, Alfandari D. ADAM11 a novel regulator of Wnt and BMP4 signaling in neural crest and cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1271178. [PMID: 37766964 PMCID: PMC10520719 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1271178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cranial neural crest (CNC) cells are induced at the border of the neural plate by a combination of FGF, Wnt, and BMP4 signaling. CNC then migrate ventrally and invade ventral structures where they contribute to craniofacial development. Methods: We used loss and gain of function experiments to determine phenotypes associated with the perturbation of Adam11 expression in Xenopus Laevis. Mass spectrometry to identify partners of Adam11 and changes in protein expression in CNC lacking Adam11. We used mouse B16 melanoma to test the function of Adam11 in cancer cells, and published database analysis to study the expression of ADAM11 in human tumors. Results: Here we show that a non-proteolytic ADAM, Adam11, originally identified as a putative tumor suppressor binds to proteins of the Wnt and BMP4 signaling pathway. Mechanistic studies concerning these non-proteolytic ADAM lack almost entirely. We show that Adam11 positively regulates BMP4 signaling while negatively regulating β-catenin activity. In vivo, we show that Adam11 influences the timing of neural tube closure and the proliferation and migration of CNC. Using both human tumor data and mouse B16 melanoma cells, we further show that ADAM11 levels similarly correlate with Wnt or BMP4 activation levels. Discussion: We propose that ADAM11 preserves naïve cells by maintaining low Sox3 and Snail/Slug levels through stimulation of BMP4 and repression of Wnt signaling, while loss of ADAM11 results in increased Wnt signaling, increased proliferation and early epithelium to mesenchyme transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dominique Alfandari
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thiery AP, Buzzi AL, Hamrud E, Cheshire C, Luscombe NM, Briscoe J, Streit A. scRNA-sequencing in chick suggests a probabilistic model for cell fate allocation at the neural plate border. eLife 2023; 12:e82717. [PMID: 37530410 PMCID: PMC10425176 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate 'neural plate border' is a transient territory located at the edge of the neural plate containing precursors for all ectodermal derivatives: the neural plate, neural crest, placodes and epidermis. Elegant functional experiments in a range of vertebrate models have provided an in-depth understanding of gene regulatory interactions within the ectoderm. However, these experiments conducted at tissue level raise seemingly contradictory models for fate allocation of individual cells. Here, we carry out single cell RNA sequencing of chick ectoderm from primitive streak to neurulation stage, to explore cell state diversity and heterogeneity. We characterise the dynamics of gene modules, allowing us to model the order of molecular events which take place as ectodermal fates segregate. Furthermore, we find that genes previously classified as neural plate border 'specifiers' typically exhibit dynamic expression patterns and are enriched in either neural, neural crest or placodal fates, revealing that the neural plate border should be seen as a heterogeneous ectodermal territory and not a discrete transitional transcriptional state. Analysis of neural, neural crest and placodal markers reveals that individual NPB cells co-express competing transcriptional programmes suggesting that their ultimate identify is not yet fixed. This population of 'border located undecided progenitors' (BLUPs) gradually diminishes as cell fate decisions take place. Considering our findings, we propose a probabilistic model for cell fate choice at the neural plate border. Our data suggest that the probability of a progenitor's daughters to contribute to a given ectodermal derivative is related to the balance of competing transcriptional programmes, which in turn are regulated by the spatiotemporal position of a progenitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre P Thiery
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ailin Leticia Buzzi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Eva Hamrud
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Chris Cheshire
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas M Luscombe
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - James Briscoe
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrea Streit
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pandey A, Cousin H, Horr B, Alfandari D. ADAM11 a novel regulator of Wnt and BMP4 signaling in neural crest and cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.13.544797. [PMID: 37398217 PMCID: PMC10312656 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.13.544797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Cranial neural crest (CNC) cells are induced at the border of the neural plate by a combination of FGF, Wnt, and BMP4 signaling. CNC then migrate ventrally and invade ventral structures where they contribute to craniofacial development. Here we show that a non-proteolytic ADAM, Adam11, originally identified as a putative tumor suppressor binds to proteins of the Wnt and BMP4 signaling pathway. Mechanistic studies concerning these non-proteolytic ADAM lack almost entirely. We show that Adam11 positively regulates BMP4 signaling while negatively regulating β-catenin activity. By modulating these pathways, Adam11 controls the timing of neural tube closure and the proliferation and migration of CNC. Using both human tumor data and mouse B16 melanoma cells, we further show that ADAM11 levels similarly correlate with Wnt or BMP4 activation levels. We propose that ADAM11 preserve naïve cells by maintaining low Sox3 and Snail/Slug levels through stimulation of BMP4 and repression of Wnt signaling, while loss of ADAM11 results in increased Wnt signaling, increased proliferation and early epithelium to mesenchyme transition.
Collapse
|
8
|
Nam MW, Lee HK, Kim CW, Choi Y, Ahn D, Go RE, Choi KC. Effects of CCN6 overexpression on the cell motility and activation of p38/bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114780. [PMID: 37105075 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive cancer types that is highly resistant to conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As the demand for more effective therapeutics for PDAC treatment increases, various approaches have been studied to develop novel targets. The cellular communication network (CCN) family is a matricellular protein that modulates various cellular functions, including cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and invasiveness. Despite this, little is known about the role of CCN6 in PDAC. The current study investigated the role of CCN6 in PDAC by generating CCN6-overexpressing PANC-1 cells (PANC-1-CCN6) by infecting lentivirus particles containing CCN6. PANC-1-CCN6 induces cell viability and tumorigenesis than PANC-1 cells with empty vector (control). The PANC-1-CCN6 formed more colonies, and the size of spheroids increased compared to the control. The upregulation of CCN6 enhances the expression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) genes and the upregulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In PANC-1-CCN6 cells, the levels of N-cadherin, VEGF, and Snail expression were higher than the control, while E-cadherin expression was lower, which is associated with upregulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Consistent with the changes in EMT-related proteins in PANC-1-CCN6, the migratory ability and invasiveness were enhanced in PANC-1-CCN6. Xenografted PANC-1-CCN6 in immunocompromised mice exhibited accelerated tumor growth than the control group. In immunohistochemistry (IHC), the PANC-1-CCN6 xenografted tumor showed an increased positive area of PCNA and Ki-67 than the control. These results suggest that CCN6 plays a tumorigenic role and induces the metastatic potential by the p38 MAPK and BMPs signaling pathways. Although the role of CCN6 has been introduced as an antitumor factor, there was evidence of CCN6 acting to cause tumorigenesis and invasion in PANC-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Woo Nam
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, the Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, the Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Won Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Youngdong Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, the Republic of Korea
| | - Dohee Ahn
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, the Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, the Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, the Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fabian P, Crump JG. Reassessing the embryonic origin and potential of craniofacial ectomesenchyme. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 138:45-53. [PMID: 35331627 PMCID: PMC9489819 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Of all the cell types arising from the neural crest, ectomesenchyme is likely the most unusual. In contrast to the neuroglial cells generated by neural crest throughout the embryo, consistent with its ectodermal origin, cranial neural crest-derived cells (CNCCs) generate many connective tissue and skeletal cell types in common with mesoderm. Whether this ectoderm-derived mesenchyme (ectomesenchyme) potential reflects a distinct developmental origin from other CNCC lineages, and/or epigenetic reprogramming of the ectoderm, remains debated. Whereas decades of lineage tracing studies have defined the potential of CNCC ectomesenchyme, these are being revisited by modern genetic techniques. Recent work is also shedding light on the extent to which intrinsic and extrinsic cues determine ectomesenchyme potential, and whether maintenance or reacquisition of CNCC multipotency influences craniofacial repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fabian
- Eli and Edythe Broad California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - J Gage Crump
- Eli and Edythe Broad California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mandalos NP, Dimou A, Gavala MA, Lambraki E, Remboutsika E. Craniofacial Development Is Fine-Tuned by Sox2. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020380. [PMID: 36833308 PMCID: PMC9956624 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise control of neural crest stem cell delamination, migration and differentiation ensures proper craniofacial and head development. Sox2 shapes the ontogeny of the cranial neural crest to ensure precision of the cell flow in the developing head. Here, we review how Sox2 orchestrates signals that control these complex developmental processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Panagiotis Mandalos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapoditrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Aikaterini Dimou
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapoditrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Center for Translational Medicine and the Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Maria Angeliki Gavala
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapoditrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathia Lambraki
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapoditrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Polytechnic School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eumorphia Remboutsika
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapoditrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Thrivus Institute for Biomedical Science and Technology, Constellations Ave, Accra GT-336-4330, Ghana
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Development and In Vitro Differentiation of Schwann Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233753. [PMID: 36497014 PMCID: PMC9739763 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells are glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. They exist in several subtypes and perform a variety of functions in nerves. Their derivation and culture in vitro are interesting for applications ranging from disease modeling to tissue engineering. Since primary human Schwann cells are challenging to obtain in large quantities, in vitro differentiation from other cell types presents an alternative. Here, we first review the current knowledge on the developmental signaling mechanisms that determine neural crest and Schwann cell differentiation in vivo. Next, an overview of studies on the in vitro differentiation of Schwann cells from multipotent stem cell sources is provided. The molecules frequently used in those protocols and their involvement in the relevant signaling pathways are put into context and discussed. Focusing on hiPSC- and hESC-based studies, different protocols are described and compared, regarding cell sources, differentiation methods, characterization of cells, and protocol efficiency. A brief insight into developments regarding the culture and differentiation of Schwann cells in 3D is given. In summary, this contribution provides an overview of the current resources and methods for the differentiation of Schwann cells, it supports the comparison and refinement of protocols and aids the choice of suitable methods for specific applications.
Collapse
|
12
|
Michiue T, Tsukano K. Feedback Regulation of Signaling Pathways for Precise Pre-Placodal Ectoderm Formation in Vertebrate Embryos. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10030035. [PMID: 36135368 PMCID: PMC9504399 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular signaling pathways are essential to establish embryonic patterning, including embryonic axis formation. Ectodermal patterning is also governed by a series of morphogens. Four ectodermal regions are thought to be controlled by morphogen gradients, but some perturbations are expected to occur during dynamic morphogenetic movement. Therefore, a mechanism to define areas precisely and reproducibly in embryos, including feedback regulation of signaling pathways, is necessary. In this review, we outline ectoderm pattern formation and signaling pathways involved in the establishment of the pre-placodal ectoderm (PPE). We also provide an example of feedback regulation of signaling pathways for robust formation of the PPE, showing the importance of this regulation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Alata Jimenez N, Strobl-Mazzulla PH. Folate Carrier Deficiency Drives Differential Methylation and Enhanced Cellular Potency in the Neural Plate Border. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:834625. [PMID: 35912103 PMCID: PMC9326018 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.834625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural plate border (NPB) of vertebrate embryos segregates from the neural and epidermal regions, and it is comprised of an intermingled group of multipotent progenitor cells. Folate is the precursor of S-adenosylmethionine, the main methyl donor for DNA methylation, and it is critical for embryonic development, including the specification of progenitors which reside in the NPB. Despite the fact that several intersecting signals involved in the specification and territorial restriction of NPB cells are known, the role of epigenetics, particularly DNA methylation, has been a matter of debate. Here, we examined the temporal and spatial distribution of the methyl source and analyzed the abundance of 5mC/5 hmC and their epigenetic writers throughout the segregation of the neural and NPB territories. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) on Reduced Folate Carrier 1 (RFC1)-deficient embryos leads to the identification of differentially methylated regions (DMRs). In the RFC1-deficient embryos, we identified several DMRs in the Notch1 locus, and the spatiotemporal expression of Notch1 and its downstream target gene Bmp4 were expanded in the NPB. Cell fate analysis on folate deficient embryos revealed a significant increase in the number of cells coexpressing both neural (SOX2) and NPB (PAX7) markers, which may represent an enhancing effect in the cellular potential of those progenitors. Taken together, our findings propose a model where the RFC1 deficiency drives methylation changes in specific genomic regions that are correlated with a dysregulation of pathways involved in early development such as Notch1 and BMP4 signaling. These changes affect the potency of the progenitors residing in the juncture of the neural plate and NPB territories, thus driving them to a primed state.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sardella-Silva G, Mietto BS, Ribeiro-Resende VT. Four Seasons for Schwann Cell Biology, Revisiting Key Periods: Development, Homeostasis, Repair, and Aging. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1887. [PMID: 34944531 PMCID: PMC8699407 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Like the seasons of the year, all natural things happen in stages, going through adaptations when challenged, and Schwann cells are a great example of that. During maturation, these cells regulate several steps in peripheral nervous system development. The Spring of the cell means the rise and bloom through organized stages defined by time-dependent regulation of factors and microenvironmental influences. Once matured, the Summer of the cell begins: a high energy stage focused on maintaining adult homeostasis. The Schwann cell provides many neuron-glia communications resulting in the maintenance of synapses. In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells are pivotal after injuries, balancing degeneration and regeneration, similarly to when Autumn comes. Their ability to acquire a repair phenotype brings the potential to reconnect axons to targets and regain function. Finally, Schwann cells age, not only by growing old, but also by imposed environmental cues, like loss of function induced by pathologies. The Winter of the cell presents as reduced activity, especially regarding their role in repair; this reflects on the regenerative potential of older/less healthy individuals. This review gathers essential information about Schwann cells in different stages, summarizing important participation of this intriguing cell in many functions throughout its lifetime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Sardella-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil;
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia (Numpex-Bio), Campus de Duque de Caxias Geraldo Guerra Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias 25255-030, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno Siqueira Mietto
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil;
| | - Victor Túlio Ribeiro-Resende
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil;
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia (Numpex-Bio), Campus de Duque de Caxias Geraldo Guerra Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias 25255-030, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sutton G, Kelsh RN, Scholpp S. Review: The Role of Wnt/β-Catenin Signalling in Neural Crest Development in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:782445. [PMID: 34912811 PMCID: PMC8667473 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.782445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a multipotent cell population in vertebrate embryos with extraordinary migratory capacity. The NC is crucial for vertebrate development and forms a myriad of cell derivatives throughout the body, including pigment cells, neuronal cells of the peripheral nervous system, cardiomyocytes and skeletogenic cells in craniofacial tissue. NC induction occurs at the end of gastrulation when the multipotent population of NC progenitors emerges in the ectodermal germ layer in the neural plate border region. In the process of NC fate specification, fate-specific markers are expressed in multipotent progenitors, which subsequently adopt a specific fate. Thus, NC cells delaminate from the neural plate border and migrate extensively throughout the embryo until they differentiate into various cell derivatives. Multiple signalling pathways regulate the processes of NC induction and specification. This review explores the ongoing role of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway during NC development, focusing on research undertaken in the Teleost model organism, zebrafish (Danio rerio). We discuss the function of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in inducing the NC within the neural plate border and the specification of melanocytes from the NC. The current understanding of NC development suggests a continual role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in activating and maintaining the gene regulatory network during NC induction and pigment cell specification. We relate this to emerging models and hypotheses on NC fate restriction. Finally, we highlight the ongoing challenges facing NC research, current gaps in knowledge, and this field's potential future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Sutton
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Robert N. Kelsh
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Steffen Scholpp
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bellchambers HM, Barratt KS, Diamand KEM, Arkell RM. SUMOylation Potentiates ZIC Protein Activity to Influence Murine Neural Crest Cell Specification. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910437. [PMID: 34638777 PMCID: PMC8509024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of neural crest cell induction and specification are highly conserved among vertebrate model organisms, but how similar these mechanisms are in mammalian neural crest cell formation remains open to question. The zinc finger of the cerebellum 1 (ZIC1) transcription factor is considered a core component of the vertebrate gene regulatory network that specifies neural crest fate at the neural plate border. In mouse embryos, however, Zic1 mutation does not cause neural crest defects. Instead, we and others have shown that murine Zic2 and Zic5 mutate to give a neural crest phenotype. Here, we extend this knowledge by demonstrating that murine Zic3 is also required for, and co-operates with, Zic2 and Zic5 during mammalian neural crest specification. At the murine neural plate border (a region of high canonical WNT activity) ZIC2, ZIC3, and ZIC5 function as transcription factors to jointly activate the Foxd3 specifier gene. This function is promoted by SUMOylation of the ZIC proteins at a conserved lysine immediately N-terminal of the ZIC zinc finger domain. In contrast, in the lateral regions of the neurectoderm (a region of low canonical WNT activity) basal ZIC proteins act as co-repressors of WNT/TCF-mediated transcription. Our work provides a mechanism by which mammalian neural crest specification is restricted to the neural plate border. Furthermore, given that WNT signaling and SUMOylation are also features of non-mammalian neural crest specification, it suggests that mammalian neural crest induction shares broad conservation, but altered molecular detail, with chicken, zebrafish, and Xenopus neural crest induction.
Collapse
|
17
|
Piacentino ML, Hutchins EJ, Bronner ME. Essential function and targets of BMP signaling during midbrain neural crest delamination. Dev Biol 2021; 477:251-261. [PMID: 34102166 PMCID: PMC8277753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BMP signaling plays iterative roles during vertebrate neural crest development from induction through craniofacial morphogenesis. However, far less is known about the role of BMP activity in cranial neural crest epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and delamination. By measuring canonical BMP signaling activity as a function of time from specification through early migration of avian midbrain neural crest cells, we found elevated BMP signaling during delamination stages. Moreover, inhibition of canonical BMP activity via a dominant negative mutant Type I BMP receptor showed that BMP signaling is required for neural crest migration from the midbrain, independent from an effect on EMT and delamination. Transcriptome profiling on control compared to BMP-inhibited cranial neural crest cells identified novel BMP targets during neural crest delamination and early migration including targets of the Notch pathway that are upregulated following BMP inhibition. These results suggest potential crosstalk between the BMP and Notch pathways in early migrating cranial neural crest and provide novel insight into mechanisms regulated by BMP signaling during early craniofacial development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Piacentino
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Erica J Hutchins
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
From Bipotent Neuromesodermal Progenitors to Neural-Mesodermal Interactions during Embryonic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179141. [PMID: 34502050 PMCID: PMC8431582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To ensure the formation of a properly patterned embryo, multiple processes must operate harmoniously at sequential phases of development. This is implemented by mutual interactions between cells and tissues that together regulate the segregation and specification of cells, their growth and morphogenesis. The formation of the spinal cord and paraxial mesoderm derivatives exquisitely illustrate these processes. Following early gastrulation, while the vertebrate body elongates, a population of bipotent neuromesodermal progenitors resident in the posterior region of the embryo generate both neural and mesodermal lineages. At later stages, the somitic mesoderm regulates aspects of neural patterning and differentiation of both central and peripheral neural progenitors. Reciprocally, neural precursors influence the paraxial mesoderm to regulate somite-derived myogenesis and additional processes by distinct mechanisms. Central to this crosstalk is the activity of the axial notochord, which, via sonic hedgehog signaling, plays pivotal roles in neural, skeletal muscle and cartilage ontogeny. Here, we discuss the cellular and molecular basis underlying this complex developmental plan, with a focus on the logic of sonic hedgehog activities in the coordination of the neural-mesodermal axis.
Collapse
|
19
|
The Cardiac Neural Crest Cells in Heart Development and Congenital Heart Defects. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8080089. [PMID: 34436231 PMCID: PMC8397082 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8080089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a multipotent and temporarily migratory cell population stemming from the dorsal neural tube during vertebrate embryogenesis. Cardiac neural crest cells (NCCs), a specified subpopulation of the NC, are vital for normal cardiovascular development, as they significantly contribute to the pharyngeal arch arteries, the developing cardiac outflow tract (OFT), cardiac valves, and interventricular septum. Various signaling pathways are shown to orchestrate the proper migration, compaction, and differentiation of cardiac NCCs during cardiovascular development. Any loss or dysregulation of signaling pathways in cardiac NCCs can lead to abnormal cardiovascular development during embryogenesis, resulting in abnormalities categorized as congenital heart defects (CHDs). This review focuses on the contributions of cardiac NCCs to cardiovascular formation, discusses cardiac defects caused by a disruption of various regulatory factors, and summarizes the role of multiple signaling pathways during embryonic development. A better understanding of the cardiac NC and its vast regulatory network will provide a deeper insight into the mechanisms of the associated abnormalities, leading to potential therapeutic advancements.
Collapse
|
20
|
Alkobtawi M, Pla P, Monsoro-Burq AH. BMP signaling is enhanced intracellularly by FHL3 controlling WNT-dependent spatiotemporal emergence of the neural crest. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109289. [PMID: 34161771 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal coordination of multiple morphogens is essential for embryonic patterning yet poorly understood. During neural crest (NC) formation, dynamic bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and WNT signals cooperate by acting on mesoderm and ectoderm. Here, we show that Fhl3, a scaffold LIM domain protein, modulates BMP gradient interpretation during NC induction. During gastrulation, low BMP signaling neuralizes the neural border (NB) ectoderm, while Fhl3 enhances Smad1 intracellular response in underlying paraxial mesoderm, triggering the high WNT8 signals needed to pattern the NB. During neurulation, fhl3 activation in NC ectoderm promotes simultaneous high BMP and BMP-dependent WNT activity required for specification. Mechanistically, Fhl3 interacts with Smad1 and promotes Smad1 binding to wnt8 promoter in a BMP-dependent manner. Consequently, differential Fhl3 expression in adjacent cells ensures a finely tuned coordination of BMP and WNT signaling at several stages of NC development, starting by positioning the NC-inducing mesoderm center under competent NB ectoderm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Alkobtawi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, F-91405 Orsay, France; Institut Curie Research Division, PSL Research University, rue Henri Becquerel, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Patrick Pla
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, F-91405 Orsay, France; Institut Curie Research Division, PSL Research University, rue Henri Becquerel, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Anne H Monsoro-Burq
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, F-91405 Orsay, France; Institut Curie Research Division, PSL Research University, rue Henri Becquerel, F-91405 Orsay, France; Institut Universitaire de France, F-75005 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Busby L, Steventon B. Tissue tectonics and the multi-scale regulation of developmental timing. Interface Focus 2021; 11:20200057. [PMID: 34055304 PMCID: PMC8086930 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2020.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Development encompasses processes that occur at multiple length scales, including gene-regulatory interactions, cell movements and reorganization, cell signalling and growth. It is essential that the timing of events in all of these different processes is coordinated to generate well-patterned tissues and organs. However, how the timing of intrinsic cell state changes is coordinated with events occurring at the multi-tissue and whole-organism level is unknown. Here, we argue that an important mechanism that accounts for the integration of timing across levels of organization is provided by tissue tectonics, i.e. how morphogenetic events driving tissue shape changes result in the relative displacement of signalling and responding tissues and coordinate developmental timing across scales. In doing so, tissue tectonics provides a mechanism by which the cell specification events intrinsic to cells can be modulated by the temporal exposure to extracellular signals. This exposure is in turn regulated by higher-order properties of the embryo, such as their physical properties, rates of growth and the combination of dynamic cell behaviours, impacting tissue morphogenesis. Tissue tectonics creates a downward flow of information from higher to lower levels of biological organization, providing an instance of downward causation in development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Busby
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang H, Wang C, Long Q, Zhang Y, Wang M, Liu J, Qi X, Cai D, Lu G, Sun J, Yao YG, Chan WY, Chan WY, Deng Y, Zhao H. Kindlin2 regulates neural crest specification via integrin-independent regulation of the FGF signaling pathway. Development 2021; 148:264926. [PMID: 33999995 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The focal adhesion protein Kindlin2 is essential for integrin activation, a process that is fundamental to cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. Kindlin 2 (Fermt2) is widely expressed in mouse embryos, and its absence causes lethality at the peri-implantation stage due to the failure to trigger integrin activation. The function of kindlin2 during embryogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated as a result of this early embryonic lethality. Here, we showed that kindlin2 is essential for neural crest (NC) formation in Xenopus embryos. Loss-of-function assays performed with kindlin2-specific morpholino antisense oligos (MOs) or with CRISPR/Cas9 techniques in Xenopus embryos severely inhibit the specification of the NC. Moreover, integrin-binding-deficient mutants of Kindlin2 rescued the phenotype caused by loss of kindlin2, suggesting that the function of kindlin2 during NC specification is independent of integrins. Mechanistically, we found that Kindlin2 regulates the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway, and promotes the stability of FGF receptor 1. Our study reveals a novel function of Kindlin2 in regulating the FGF signaling pathway and provides mechanistic insights into the function of Kindlin2 during NC specification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chengdong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qi Long
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Gunadong 518055, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150006, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Gunadong 518055, China
| | - Xufeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Dongqing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.,CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianmin Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Kunming Institute of Zoology - The Chinese University of Hong Kong (KIZ-CUHK) Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Wood Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.,Kunming Institute of Zoology - The Chinese University of Hong Kong (KIZ-CUHK) Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China.,Hong Kong Branch of CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Gunadong 518055, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.,Kunming Institute of Zoology - The Chinese University of Hong Kong (KIZ-CUHK) Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China.,Hong Kong Branch of CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hutchins EJ, Piacentino ML, Bronner ME. Transcriptomic Identification of Draxin-Responsive Targets During Cranial Neural Crest EMT. Front Physiol 2021; 12:624037. [PMID: 33613313 PMCID: PMC7886793 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.624037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling plays an essential role in proper craniofacial morphogenesis, at least partially due to regulation of various aspects of cranial neural crest development. In an effort to gain insight into the etiology of craniofacial abnormalities resulting from Wnt signaling and/or cranial neural crest dysfunction, we sought to identify Wnt-responsive targets during chick cranial neural crest development. To this end, we leveraged overexpression of a canonical Wnt antagonist, Draxin, in conjunction with RNA-sequencing of cranial neural crest cells that have just activated their epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. Through differential expression analysis, gene list functional annotation, hybridization chain reaction (HCR), and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), we validated a novel downstream target of canonical Wnt signaling in cranial neural crest - RHOB - and identified possible signaling pathway crosstalk underlying cranial neural crest migration. The results reveal novel putative targets of canonical Wnt signaling during cranial neural crest EMT and highlight important intersections across signaling pathways involved in craniofacial development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marianne E. Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Thawani A, Groves AK. Building the Border: Development of the Chordate Neural Plate Border Region and Its Derivatives. Front Physiol 2020; 11:608880. [PMID: 33364980 PMCID: PMC7750469 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.608880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The paired cranial sensory organs and peripheral nervous system of vertebrates arise from a thin strip of cells immediately adjacent to the developing neural plate. The neural plate border region comprises progenitors for four key populations of cells: neural plate cells, neural crest cells, the cranial placodes, and epidermis. Putative homologues of these neural plate border derivatives can be found in protochordates such as amphioxus and tunicates. In this review, we summarize key signaling pathways and transcription factors that regulate the inductive and patterning events at the neural plate border region that give rise to the neural crest and placodal lineages. Gene regulatory networks driven by signals from WNT, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling primarily dictate the formation of the crest and placodal lineages. We review these studies and discuss the potential of recent advances in spatio-temporal transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses that would allow a mechanistic understanding of how these signaling pathways and their downstream transcriptional cascades regulate the formation of the neural plate border region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Thawani
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Andrew K Groves
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Seal S, Monsoro-Burq AH. Insights Into the Early Gene Regulatory Network Controlling Neural Crest and Placode Fate Choices at the Neural Border. Front Physiol 2020; 11:608812. [PMID: 33324244 PMCID: PMC7726110 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.608812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) cells and cranial placodes are two ectoderm-derived innovations in vertebrates that led to the acquisition of a complex head structure required for a predatory lifestyle. They both originate from the neural border (NB), a portion of the ectoderm located between the neural plate (NP), and the lateral non-neural ectoderm. The NC gives rise to a vast array of tissues and cell types such as peripheral neurons and glial cells, melanocytes, secretory cells, and cranial skeletal and connective cells. Together with cells derived from the cranial placodes, which contribute to sensory organs in the head, the NC also forms the cranial sensory ganglia. Multiple in vivo studies in different model systems have uncovered the signaling pathways and genetic factors that govern the positioning, development, and differentiation of these tissues. In this literature review, we give an overview of NC and placode development, focusing on the early gene regulatory network that controls the formation of the NB during early embryonic stages, and later dictates the choice between the NC and placode progenitor fates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subham Seal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Orsay, France.,Institut Curie Research Division, PSL Research University, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Anne H Monsoro-Burq
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Orsay, France.,Institut Curie Research Division, PSL Research University, Orsay Cedex, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gandhi S, Hutchins EJ, Maruszko K, Park JH, Thomson M, Bronner ME. Bimodal function of chromatin remodeler Hmga1 in neural crest induction and Wnt-dependent emigration. eLife 2020; 9:57779. [PMID: 32965216 PMCID: PMC7591248 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During gastrulation, neural crest cells are specified at the neural plate border, as characterized by Pax7 expression. Using single-cell RNA sequencing coupled with high-resolution in situ hybridization to identify novel transcriptional regulators, we show that chromatin remodeler Hmga1 is highly expressed prior to specification and maintained in migrating chick neural crest cells. Temporally controlled CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockouts uncovered two distinct functions of Hmga1 in neural crest development. At the neural plate border, Hmga1 regulates Pax7-dependent neural crest lineage specification. At premigratory stages, a second role manifests where Hmga1 loss reduces cranial crest emigration from the dorsal neural tube independent of Pax7. Interestingly, this is rescued by stabilized ß-catenin, thus implicating Hmga1 as a canonical Wnt activator. Together, our results show that Hmga1 functions in a bimodal manner during neural crest development to regulate specification at the neural plate border, and subsequent emigration from the neural tube via canonical Wnt signaling. The neural plate is a structure that serves as the basis for the brain and central nervous system during the development of animals with a backbone. In particular, the tissues at the border of the neural plate become the neural crest, a group of highly mobile cells that can specialize to form nerves and parts of the face. The exact molecular mechanisms that allow the crest to emerge are still unknown. The protein Hmga1 alters how genes are packaged and organized inside cells, which in turn influences how genes are switched on and off. Here, Gandhi et al. studied how Hmga1 helps to shape the neural crest in developing chicken embryos. To do so, they harnessed a genetic tool called CRISPR-Cas9, and deleted the gene that encodes Hmga1 at specific developmental stages. This manipulation highlighted two periods where Hmga1 is active. First, Hmga1 helped to define neural crest cells at the neural plate border by activating a gene called pax7. Then, at a later stage, Hmga1 allowed these cells to move to other parts of the body by triggering the Wnt communication system. Failure for the neural crest to develop properly causes birth defects and cancers such as melanoma and childhood neuroblastoma, highlighting the need to better understand how this structure is formed. In addition, a better grasp of the roles of Hmga1 in healthy development could help to appreciate how it participates in a range of adult cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Gandhi
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Erica J Hutchins
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Krystyna Maruszko
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Jong H Park
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Matthew Thomson
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gouignard N, Theveneau E, Saint-Jeannet JP. Dynamic expression of MMP28 during cranial morphogenesis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190559. [PMID: 32829678 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of proteases comprising 24 members in vertebrates. They are well known for their extracellular matrix remodelling activity. MMP28 is the latest member of the family to be discovered. It is a secreted MMP involved in wound healing, immune system maturation, cell survival and migration. MMP28 is also expressed during embryogenesis in human and mouse. Here, we describe the detailed expression profile of MMP28 in Xenopus laevis embryos. We show that MMP28 is expressed maternally and accumulates at neurula and tail bud stages specifically in the cranial placode territories adjacent to migrating neural crest cells. As a secreted MMP, MMP28 may be required in neural crest-placode interactions. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Contemporary morphogenesis'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadege Gouignard
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Eric Theveneau
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Méndez-Maldonado K, Vega-López GA, Aybar MJ, Velasco I. Neurogenesis From Neural Crest Cells: Molecular Mechanisms in the Formation of Cranial Nerves and Ganglia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:635. [PMID: 32850790 PMCID: PMC7427511 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a transient multipotent cell population that originates in the dorsal neural tube. Cells of the NC are highly migratory, as they travel considerable distances through the body to reach their final sites. Derivatives of the NC are neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the enteric nervous system as well as non-neural cells. Different signaling pathways triggered by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs), Wnt proteins, Notch ligands, retinoic acid (RA), and Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) participate in the processes of induction, specification, cell migration and neural differentiation of the NC. A specific set of signaling pathways and transcription factors are initially expressed in the neural plate border and then in the NC cell precursors to the formation of cranial nerves. The molecular mechanisms of control during embryonic development have been gradually elucidated, pointing to an important role of transcriptional regulators when neural differentiation occurs. However, some of these proteins have an important participation in malformations of the cranial portion and their mutation results in aberrant neurogenesis. This review aims to give an overview of the role of cell signaling and of the function of transcription factors involved in the specification of ganglia precursors and neurogenesis to form the NC-derived cranial nerves during organogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Méndez-Maldonado
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Guillermo A Vega-López
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Manuel J Aybar
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Axis Specification in Zebrafish Is Robust to Cell Mixing and Reveals a Regulation of Pattern Formation by Morphogenesis. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2984-2994.e3. [PMID: 32559447 PMCID: PMC7416079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental question in developmental biology is how the early embryo establishes the spatial coordinate system that is later important for the organization of the embryonic body plan. Although we know a lot about the signaling and gene-regulatory networks required for this process, much less is understood about how these can operate to pattern tissues in the context of the extensive cell movements that drive gastrulation. In zebrafish, germ layer specification depends on the inheritance of maternal mRNAs [1, 2, 3], cortical rotation to generate a dorsal pole of β-catenin activity [4, 5, 6, 7, 8], and the release of Nodal signals from the yolk syncytial layer (YSL) [9, 10, 11, 12]. To determine whether germ layer specification is robust to altered cell-to-cell positioning, we separated embryonic cells from the yolk and allowed them to develop as spherical aggregates. These aggregates break symmetry autonomously to form elongated structures with an anterior-posterior pattern. Both forced reaggregation and endogenous cell mixing reveals how robust early axis specification is to spatial disruption of maternal pre-patterning. During these movements, a pole of Nodal signaling emerges that is required for explant elongation via the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Blocking of PCP-dependent elongation disrupts the shaping of opposing poles of BMP and Wnt/TCF activity and the anterior-posterior patterning of neural tissue. These results lead us to suggest that embryo elongation plays a causal role in timing the exposure of cells to changes in BMP and Wnt signal activity during zebrafish gastrulation. Video Abstract
Whole-zebrafish 256-cell stage embryo explants elongate Patterned germ layers are established Mesoderm formation is robust to extensive cell mixing Inhibition of morphogenesis blocks formation of signaling gradients
Collapse
|
30
|
A Wnt-BMP4 Signaling Axis Induces MSX and NOTCH Proteins and Promotes Growth Suppression and Differentiation in Neuroblastoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030783. [PMID: 32210188 PMCID: PMC7140810 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways are known to be crucial in the development of neural crest lineages, including the sympathetic nervous system. Surprisingly, their role in paediatric neuroblastoma, the prototypic tumor arising from this lineage, remains relatively uncharacterised. We previously demonstrated that Wnt/b-catenin signaling can have cell-type-specific effects on neuroblastoma phenotypes, including growth inhibition and differentiation, and that BMP4 mRNA and protein were induced by Wnt3a/Rspo2. In this study, we characterised the phenotypic effects of BMP4 on neuroblastoma cells, demonstrating convergent induction of MSX homeobox transcription factors by Wnt and BMP4 signaling and BMP4-induced growth suppression and differentiation. An immunohistochemical analysis of BMP4 expression in primary neuroblastomas confirms a striking absence of BMP4 in poorly differentiated tumors, in contrast to a high expression in ganglion cells. These results are consistent with a tumor suppressive role for BMP4 in neuroblastoma. RNA sequencing following BMP4 treatment revealed induction of Notch signaling, verified by increases of Notch3 and Hes1 proteins. Together, our data demonstrate, for the first time, Wnt-BMP-Notch signaling crosstalk associated with growth suppression of neuroblastoma.
Collapse
|
31
|
Xue X, Wang RP, Fu J. Modeling of human neurulation using bioengineered pluripotent stem cell culture. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 13:127-133. [PMID: 32328535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leveraging the developmental potential and self-organizing property of human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells, researchers have developed tractable models of human embryonic development. Owing to their compatibility to live imaging, genome editing, mechanical perturbation and measurement, these models offer promising quantitative experimental platforms to advance human embryology and regenerative medicine. Herein, we provide a review of recent progress in using hPS cells to generate models of early human neural development or neurulation, including neural induction and regional patterning of the neural tube. These models, even in their nascent developmental stages, have already revealed intricate cell-cell signaling and mechanoregulation mechanisms likely involved in tissue patterning during early neural development. We also discuss future opportunities in modeling early neural development by incorporating bioengineering tools to control precisely neural tissue morphology and architecture, morphogen dynamics, intracellular signaling events, and cell-cell interactions to further the development of this emerging field and expand its applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Znf703 is an RAR- and Wnt-inducible transcription factor that exhibits a complex expression pattern in the developing embryo: Znf703 mRNA is found in the early circumblastoporal ring, then later throughout the neural plate and its border, and subsequently in the mid/hindbrain and somites. We show that Znf703 has a different and separable function in early mesoderm versus neural crest and placode development. Independent of its early knockdown phenotype on Gdf3 and Wnt8, Znf703 disrupts patterning of distinct neural crest migratory streams normally delineated by Sox10, Twist, and Foxd3 and inhibits otocyst formation and otic expression of Sox10 and Eya1. Furthermore, Znf703 promotes massive overgrowth of SOX2+ cells, disrupting the SoxB1 balance at the neural plate border. Despite prominent expression in other neural plate border-derived cranial and sensory domains, Znf703 is selectively absent from the otocyst, suggesting that Znf703 must be specifically cleared or down-regulated for proper otic development. We show that mutation of the putative Groucho-repression domain does not ameliorate Znf703 effects on mesoderm, neural crest, and placodes. We instead provide evidence that Znf703 requires the Buttonhead domain for transcriptional repression.
Collapse
|
33
|
Szemes M, Greenhough A, Malik K. Wnt Signaling Is a Major Determinant of Neuroblastoma Cell Lineages. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:90. [PMID: 31040767 PMCID: PMC6476918 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC), which has been referred to as the fourth germ layer, comprises a multipotent cell population which will specify diverse cells and tissues, including craniofacial cartilage and bones, melanocytes, the adrenal medulla and the peripheral nervous system. These cell fates are known to be determined by gene regulatory networks (GRNs) acting at various stages of NC development, such as induction, specification, and migration. Although transcription factor hierarchies and some of their interplay with morphogenetic signaling pathways have been characterized, the full complexity of activities required for regulated development remains uncharted. Deregulation of these pathways may contribute to tumorigenesis, as in the case of neuroblastoma, a frequently lethal embryonic cancer thought to arise from the sympathoadrenal lineage of the NC. In this “Hypothesis and Theory” article, we utilize the next generation sequencing data from neuroblastoma cells and tumors to evaluate the possible influences of Wnt signaling on NC GRNs and on neuroblastoma cell lineages. We propose that Wnt signaling is a major determinant of regulatory networks that underlie mesenchymal/neural crest cell (NCC)-like cell identities through PRRX1 and YAP/TAZ transcription factors. Furthermore, Wnt may also co-operate with Hedgehog signaling in driving proneural differentiation programmes along the adrenergic (ADRN) lineage. Elucidation of Signaling Regulatory Networks can augment and complement GRNs in characterizing cell identities, which may in turn contribute to the design of improved therapeutics tailored to primary and relapsing neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Szemes
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Greenhough
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Karim Malik
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhu S, Liu W, Ding HF, Cui H, Yang L. BMP4 and Neuregulin regulate the direction of mouse neural crest cell differentiation. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3883-3890. [PMID: 31007733 PMCID: PMC6468403 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest is a transient embryonic tissue that initially generates neural crest stem cells, which then migrate throughout the body to give rise to a variety of mature tissues. It was proposed that the fate of neural crest cells is gradually determined via environmental cues from the surrounding tissues. In the present study, neural crest cells were isolated and identified from mouse embryos. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and Neuregulin (NRG) were employed to induce the differentiation of neural crest cells. Treatment with BMP4 revealed neuron-associated differentiation; cells treated with NRG exhibited differentiation into the Schwann cell lineage, a type of glia. Soft agar clonogenic and neurosphere formation assays were conducted to investigate the effects of N-Myc (MYCN) overexpression in neural crest cells; the number of colonies and neurospheres notably increased after 14 days. These findings demonstrated that the direction of cell differentiation may be affected by altering the factors present in the surrounding environment. In addition, MYCN may serve a key role in regulating neural crest cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunqin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Wanhong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Han-Fei Ding
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mohlin S, Kunttas E, Persson CU, Abdel-Haq R, Castillo A, Murko C, Bronner ME, Kerosuo L. Maintaining multipotent trunk neural crest stem cells as self-renewing crestospheres. Dev Biol 2019; 447:137-146. [PMID: 30664880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neural crest cells have broad migratory and differentiative ability that differs according to their axial level of origin. However, their transient nature has limited understanding of their stem cell and self-renewal properties. While an in vitro culture method has made it possible to maintain cranial neural crest cells as self-renewing multipotent crestospheres (Kerosuo et al., 2015), these same conditions failed to preserve trunk neural crest in a stem-like state. Here we optimize culture conditions for maintenance of avian trunk crestospheres, comprised of both neural crest stem and progenitor cells. Our trunk-derived crestospheres are multipotent and display self-renewal capacity over several weeks. Trunk crestospheres display elevated expression of neural crest cell markers as compared to those characteristic of ventrolateral neural tube or mesodermal fates. Moreover, trunk crestospheres express increased levels of trunk neural crest-enriched markers as compared to cranial crestospheres. Finally, we use lentiviral transduction as a tool to manipulate gene expression in trunk crestospheres. Taken together, this method enables long-term in vitro maintenance and manipulation of multipotent trunk neural crest cells in a premigratory stem or early progenitor state. Trunk crestospheres are a valuable resource for probing mechanisms underlying neural crest stemness and lineage decisions as well as accompanying diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Mohlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ezgi Kunttas
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Camilla U Persson
- Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Center at Medicon Village, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Reem Abdel-Haq
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Aldo Castillo
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Christina Murko
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Laura Kerosuo
- Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Serrano F, Bernard WG, Granata A, Iyer D, Steventon B, Kim M, Vallier L, Gambardella L, Sinha S. A Novel Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Crest Model of Treacher Collins Syndrome Shows Defects in Cell Death and Migration. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:81-100. [PMID: 30375284 PMCID: PMC6350417 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a transient multipotent cell population present during embryonic development. The NC can give rise to multiple cell types and is involved in a number of different diseases. Therefore, the development of new strategies to model NC in vitro enables investigations into the mechanisms involved in NC development and disease. In this study, we report a simple and efficient protocol to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (HPSC) into NC using a chemically defined media, with basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and the transforming growth factor-β inhibitor SB-431542. The cell population generated expresses a range of NC markers, including P75, TWIST1, SOX10, and TFAP2A. NC purification was achieved in vitro through serial passaging of the population, recreating the developmental stages of NC differentiation. The generated NC cells are highly proliferative, capable of differentiating to their derivatives in vitro and engraft in vivo to NC specific locations. In addition, these cells could be frozen for storage and thawed with no loss of NC properties, nor the ability to generate cellular derivatives. We assessed the potential of the derived NC population to model the neurocristopathy, Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS), using small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of TCOF1 and by creating different TCOF1+/- HPSC lines through CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The NC cells derived from TCOF1+/- HPSC recapitulate the phenotype of the reported TCS murine model. We also report for the first time an impairment of migration in TCOF1+/- NC and mesenchymal stem cells. In conclusion, the developed protocol permits the generation of the large number of NC cells required for developmental studies, disease modeling, and for drug discovery platforms in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Serrano
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William George Bernard
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Granata
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dharini Iyer
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Steventon
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Kim
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laure Gambardella
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Prasad MS, Charney RM, García-Castro MI. Specification and formation of the neural crest: Perspectives on lineage segregation. Genesis 2019; 57:e23276. [PMID: 30576078 PMCID: PMC6570420 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest is a fascinating embryonic population unique to vertebrates that is endowed with remarkable differentiation capacity. Thought to originate from ectodermal tissue, neural crest cells generate neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, and melanocytes throughout the body. However, the neural crest also generates many ectomesenchymal derivatives in the cranial region, including cell types considered to be of mesodermal origin such as cartilage, bone, and adipose tissue. These ectomesenchymal derivatives play a critical role in the formation of the vertebrate head, and are thought to be a key attribute at the center of vertebrate evolution and diversity. Further, aberrant neural crest cell development and differentiation is the root cause of many human pathologies, including cancers, rare syndromes, and birth malformations. In this review, we discuss the current findings of neural crest cell ontogeny, and consider tissue, cell, and molecular contributions toward neural crest formation. We further provide current perspectives into the molecular network involved during the segregation of the neural crest lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maneeshi S Prasad
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Rebekah M Charney
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Martín I García-Castro
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Barros FS, Marussi VHR, Amaral LLF, da Rocha AJ, Campos CMS, Freitas LF, Huisman TAGM, Soares BP. The Rare Neurocutaneous Disorders: Update on Clinical, Molecular, and Neuroimaging Features. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 27:433-462. [PMID: 30516694 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phakomatoses, also known as neurocutaneous disorders, comprise a vast number of entities that predominantly affect structures originated from the ectoderm such as the central nervous system and the skin, but also the mesoderm, particularly the vascular system. Extensive literature exists about the most common phakomatoses, namely neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, von Hippel-Lindau and Sturge-Weber syndrome. However, recent developments in the understanding of the molecular underpinnings of less common phakomatoses have sparked interest in these disorders. In this article, we review the clinical features, current pathogenesis, and modern neuroimaging findings of melanophakomatoses, vascular phakomatoses, and other rare neurocutaneous syndromes that may also include tissue overgrowth or neoplastic predisposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe S Barros
- Division of Neuroradiology, BP Medicina Diagnóstica, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo
| | - Victor Hugo R Marussi
- Division of Neuroradiology, BP Medicina Diagnóstica, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo
| | - Lázaro L F Amaral
- Division of Neuroradiology, BP Medicina Diagnóstica, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo
| | - Antônio José da Rocha
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiane M S Campos
- Division of Neuroradiology, BP Medicina Diagnóstica, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo
| | - Leonardo F Freitas
- Division of Neuroradiology, BP Medicina Diagnóstica, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo
| | - Thierry A G M Huisman
- Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bruno P Soares
- Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Betters E, Charney RM, Garcia-Castro MI. Early specification and development of rabbit neural crest cells. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S181-S192. [PMID: 29932896 PMCID: PMC6685428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenal migratory and differentiation capacity of neural crest cells has been well established across model organisms. While the earliest stages of neural crest development have been investigated in non-mammalian model systems such as Xenopus and Aves, the early specification of this cell population has not been evaluated in mammalian embryos, of which the murine model is the most prevalent. Towards a more comprehensive understanding of mammalian neural crest formation and human comparative studies, we have used the rabbit as a mammalian system for the study of early neural crest specification and development. We examine the expression profile of well-characterized neural crest markers in rabbit embryos across developmental time from early gastrula to later neurula stages, and provide a comparison to markers of migratory neural crest in the chick. Importantly, we apply explant specification assays to address the pivotal question of mammalian neural crest ontogeny, and provide the first evidence that a specified population of neural crest cells exists in the rabbit gastrula prior to the overt expression of neural crest markers. Finally, we demonstrate that FGF signaling is necessary for early rabbit neural crest formation, as SU5402 treatment strongly represses neural crest marker expression in explant assays. This study pioneers the rabbit as a model for neural crest development, and provides the first demonstration of mammalian neural crest specification and the requirement of FGF signaling in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Betters
- School of Medicine Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Rebekah M Charney
- School of Medicine Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Martín I Garcia-Castro
- School of Medicine Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Toro-Tapia G, Villaseca S, Beyer A, Roycroft A, Marcellini S, Mayor R, Torrejón M. The Ric-8A/Gα13/FAK signalling cascade controls focal adhesion formation during neural crest cell migration in Xenopus. Development 2018; 145:dev.164269. [PMID: 30297374 DOI: 10.1242/dev.164269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ric-8A is a pleiotropic guanine nucleotide exchange factor involved in the activation of various heterotrimeric G-protein pathways during adulthood and early development. Here, we sought to determine the downstream effectors of Ric-8A during the migration of the vertebrate cranial neural crest (NC) cells. We show that the Gα13 knockdown phenocopies the Ric-8A morphant condition, causing actin cytoskeleton alteration, protrusion instability, and a strong reduction in the number and dynamics of focal adhesions. In addition, the overexpression of Gα13 is sufficient to rescue Ric-8A-depleted cells. Ric-8A and Gα13 physically interact and colocalize in protrusions of the cells leading edge. The focal adhesion kinase FAK colocalizes and interacts with the endogenous Gα13, and a constitutively active form of Src efficiently rescues the Gα13 morphant phenotype in NC cells. We propose that Ric-8A-mediated Gα13 signalling is required for proper cranial NC cell migration by regulating focal adhesion dynamics and protrusion formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Toro-Tapia
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Soraya Villaseca
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Andrea Beyer
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Alice Roycroft
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sylvain Marcellini
- Departamento de Biología Cellular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Marcela Torrejón
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gap junction protein Connexin-43 is a direct transcriptional regulator of N-cadherin in vivo. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3846. [PMID: 30242148 PMCID: PMC6155008 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins are the primary components of gap junctions, providing direct links between cells under many physiological processes. Here, we demonstrate that in addition to this canonical role, Connexins act as transcriptional regulators. We show that Connexin 43 (Cx43) controls neural crest cell migration in vivo by directly regulating N-cadherin transcription. This activity requires interaction between Cx43 carboxy tail and the basic transcription factor-3, which drives the translocation of Cx43 tail to the nucleus. Once in the nucleus they form a complex with PolII which directly binds to the N-cadherin promoter. We found that this mechanism is conserved between amphibian and mammalian cells. Given the strong evolutionary conservation of connexins across vertebrates, this may reflect a common mechanism of gene regulation by a protein whose function was previously ascribed only to gap junctional communication. Connexins are components of gap junctions that link cells and allow intercellular communication. Here, the authors show that the Connexin 43 carboxy tail interacts with basic transcription factor-3, leading to nuclear translocation and direct regulation of N-cadherin expression and neural crest migration.
Collapse
|
42
|
Hutchins EJ, Bronner ME. Draxin acts as a molecular rheostat of canonical Wnt signaling to control cranial neural crest EMT. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3683-3697. [PMID: 30026247 PMCID: PMC6168252 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201709149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchins and Bronner show that a transient pulse of the secreted molecule Draxin regulates the timing and progression of cranial neural crest EMT along the anterior to posterior embryonic body axis by modulation of canonical Wnt signaling. Neural crest cells undergo a spatiotemporally regulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that proceeds head to tailward to exit from the neural tube. In this study, we show that the secreted molecule Draxin is expressed in a transient rostrocaudal wave that mirrors this emigration pattern, initiating after neural crest specification and being down-regulated just before delamination. Functional experiments reveal that Draxin regulates the timing of cranial neural crest EMT by transiently inhibiting canonical Wnt signaling. Ectopic maintenance of Draxin in the cranial neural tube blocks full EMT; while cells delaminate, they fail to become mesenchymal and migratory. Loss of Draxin results in premature delamination but also in failure to mesenchymalize. These results suggest that a pulse of intermediate Wnt signaling triggers EMT and is necessary for its completion. Taken together, these data show that transient secreted Draxin mediates proper levels of canonical Wnt signaling required to regulate the precise timing of initiation and completion of cranial neural crest EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica J Hutchins
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
A gene regulatory network underlying the formation of pre-placodal ectoderm in Xenopus laevis. BMC Biol 2018; 16:79. [PMID: 30012125 PMCID: PMC6048776 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neural plate border ectoderm gives rise to key developmental structures during embryogenesis, including the neural crest and the preplacodal ectoderm. Many sensory organs and ganglia of vertebrates develop from cranial placodes, which themselves arise from preplacodal ectoderm, defined by expression of transcription factor Six1 and its coactivator Eya1. Here we elucidate the gene regulatory network underlying the specification of the preplacodal ectoderm in Xenopus, and the functional interactions among transcription factors that give rise to this structure. RESULTS To elucidate the gene regulatory network upstream of preplacodal ectoderm formation, we use gain- and loss-of-function studies to explore the role of early ectodermal transcription factors for establishing the preplacodal ectoderm and adjacent ectodermal territories, and the role of Six1 and Eya1 in feedback regulation of these transcription factors. Our findings suggest that transcription factors with expression restricted to ventral (non-neural) ectoderm (AP2, Msx1, FoxI1, Vent2, Dlx3, GATA2) and those restricted to dorsal (neural) ectoderm (Pax3, Hairy2b, Zic1) are required for specification of both preplacodal ectoderm and neural crest in a context-dependent fashion and are cross-regulated by Eya1 and Six1. CONCLUSION These findings allow us to elucidate a detailed gene regulatory network at the neural plate border upstream of preplacodal ectoderm formation based on functional interactions between ectodermal transcription factors. We propose a new model to explain the formation of immediately juxtaposed preplacodal ectoderm and neural crest territories at the neural plate border, uniting previous models.
Collapse
|
44
|
Xue X, Sun Y, Resto-Irizarry AM, Yuan Y, Aw Yong KM, Zheng Y, Weng S, Shao Y, Chai Y, Studer L, Fu J. Mechanics-guided embryonic patterning of neuroectoderm tissue from human pluripotent stem cells. NATURE MATERIALS 2018; 17:633-641. [PMID: 29784997 PMCID: PMC6622450 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Classic embryological studies have successfully applied genetics and cell biology principles to understand embryonic development. However, it remains unresolved how mechanics, as an integral driver of development, is involved in controlling tissue-scale cell fate patterning. Here we report a micropatterned human pluripotent stem (hPS)-cell-based neuroectoderm developmental model, in which pre-patterned geometrical confinement induces emergent patterning of neuroepithelial and neural plate border cells, mimicking neuroectoderm regionalization during early neurulation in vivo. In this hPS-cell-based neuroectoderm patterning model, two tissue-scale morphogenetic signals-cell shape and cytoskeletal contractile force-instruct neuroepithelial/neural plate border patterning via BMP-SMAD signalling. We further show that ectopic mechanical activation and exogenous BMP signalling modulation are sufficient to perturb neuroepithelial/neural plate border patterning. This study provides a useful microengineered, hPS-cell-based model with which to understand the biomechanical principles that guide neuroectoderm patterning and hence to study neural development and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yubing Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | | | - Ye Yuan
- School of the Gifted Young, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Koh Meng Aw Yong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shinuo Weng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yue Shao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yimin Chai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lorenz Studer
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Center of Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Piacentino ML, Bronner ME. Intracellular attenuation of BMP signaling via CKIP-1/Smurf1 is essential during neural crest induction. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2004425. [PMID: 29949573 PMCID: PMC6039030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2004425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural crest is induced at the neural plate border during gastrulation by combined bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and Wnt signaling. While intermediate BMP levels are critical for this induction, secreted BMP inhibitors are largely absent from the neural plate border. Here, we propose a morphogen model in which intracellular attenuation of BMP signaling sets the required intermediate levels to maintain neural crest induction. We show that the scaffold protein casein kinase interacting protein 1 (CKIP-1) and ubiquitin ligase Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) are coexpressed with BMP4 at the chick neural plate border. Knockdown of CKIP-1 during a critical period between gastrulation and neurulation causes neural crest loss. Consistent with specific BMP modulation, CKIP-1 loss suppresses phospho-Smads 1/5/8 (pSmad1/5/8) and BMP reporter output but has no effect on Wnt signaling; Smurf1 overexpression (OE) acts similarly. Epistasis experiments further show that CKIP-1 rescues Smurf1-mediated neural crest loss. The results support a model in which CKIP-1 suppresses Smurf1-mediated degradation of Smads, uncovering an intracellular mechanism for attenuation of BMP signaling to the intermediate levels required for maintenance of neural crest induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Piacentino
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Marianne E. Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sittewelle M, Monsoro-Burq AH. AKT signaling displays multifaceted functions in neural crest development. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S144-S155. [PMID: 29859890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AKT signaling is an essential intracellular pathway controlling cell homeostasis, cell proliferation and survival, as well as cell migration and differentiation in adults. Alterations impacting the AKT pathway are involved in many pathological conditions in human disease. Similarly, during development, multiple transmembrane molecules, such as FGF receptors, PDGF receptors or integrins, activate AKT to control embryonic cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and also cell fate decisions. While many studies in mouse embryos have clearly implicated AKT signaling in the differentiation of several neural crest derivatives, information on AKT functions during the earliest steps of neural crest development had remained relatively scarce until recently. However, recent studies on known and novel regulators of AKT signaling demonstrate that this pathway plays critical roles throughout the development of neural crest progenitors. Non-mammalian models such as fish and frog embryos have been instrumental to our understanding of AKT functions in neural crest development, both in neural crest progenitors and in the neighboring tissues. This review combines current knowledge acquired from all these different vertebrate animal models to describe the various roles of AKT signaling related to neural crest development in vivo. We first describe the importance of AKT signaling in patterning the tissues involved in neural crest induction, namely the dorsal mesoderm and the ectoderm. We then focus on AKT signaling functions in neural crest migration and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Méghane Sittewelle
- Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, 15, rue Georges Clémenceau, F-91405 Orsay, France; Institut Curie Research Division, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Anne H Monsoro-Burq
- Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, 15, rue Georges Clémenceau, F-91405 Orsay, France; Institut Curie Research Division, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, F-91405 Orsay, France; Institut Universitaire de France, F-75005 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pla P, Monsoro-Burq AH. The neural border: Induction, specification and maturation of the territory that generates neural crest cells. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S36-S46. [PMID: 29852131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest is induced at the edge between the neural plate and the nonneural ectoderm, in an area called the neural (plate) border, during gastrulation and neurulation. In recent years, many studies have explored how this domain is patterned, and how the neural crest is induced within this territory, that also participates to the prospective dorsal neural tube, the dorsalmost nonneural ectoderm, as well as placode derivatives in the anterior area. This review highlights the tissue interactions, the cell-cell signaling and the molecular mechanisms involved in this dynamic spatiotemporal patterning, resulting in the induction of the premigratory neural crest. Collectively, these studies allow building a complex neural border and early neural crest gene regulatory network, mostly composed by transcriptional regulations but also, more recently, including novel signaling interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Pla
- Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, 15, rue Georges Clémenceau, F-91405 Orsay, France; Institut Curie Research Division, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Anne H Monsoro-Burq
- Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, 15, rue Georges Clémenceau, F-91405 Orsay, France; Institut Curie Research Division, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, F-91405 Orsay, France; Institut Universitaire de France, F-75005, Paris.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Li J, Perfetto M, Neuner R, Bahudhanapati H, Christian L, Mathavan K, Bridges LC, Alfandari D, Wei S. Xenopus ADAM19 regulates Wnt signaling and neural crest specification by stabilizing ADAM13. Development 2018. [PMID: 29540504 DOI: 10.1242/dev.158154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During vertebrate gastrulation, canonical Wnt signaling induces the formation of neural plate border (NPB). Wnt is also thought to be required for the subsequent specification of neural crest (NC) lineage at the NPB, but the direct evidence is lacking. We found previously that the disintegrin metalloproteinase ADAM13 is required for Wnt activation and NC induction in Xenopus Here, we report that knockdown of ADAM13 or its close paralog ADAM19 severely downregulates Wnt activity at the NPB, inhibiting NC specification without affecting earlier NPB formation. Surprisingly, ADAM19 functions nonproteolytically in NC specification by interacting with ADAM13 and inhibiting its proteasomal degradation. Ectopic expression of stabilized ADAM13 mutants that function independently of ADAM19 can induce the NC marker/specifier snail2 in the future epidermis via Wnt signaling. These results unveil the essential roles of a novel protease-protease interaction in regulating a distinct wave of Wnt signaling, which directly specifies the NC lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiejing Li
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of KMUST, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Mark Perfetto
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Russell Neuner
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | - Laura Christian
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Ketan Mathavan
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Lance C Bridges
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Sciences, Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Arkansas Colleges of Health Education, Fort Smith, AR 72916, USA
| | - Dominique Alfandari
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Organizers, which comprise groups of cells with the ability to instruct adjacent cells into specific states, represent a key principle in developmental biology. The concept was first introduced by Spemann and Mangold, who showed that there is a cellular population in the newt embryo that elicits the development of a secondary axis from adjacent cells. Similar experiments in chicken and rabbit embryos subsequently revealed groups of cells with similar instructive potential. In birds and mammals, organizer activity is often associated with a structure known as the node, which has thus been considered a functional homologue of Spemann's organizer. Here, we take an in-depth look at the structure and function of organizers across species and note that, whereas the amphibian organizer is a contingent collection of elements, each performing a specific function, the elements of organizers in other species are dispersed in time and space. This observation urges us to reconsider the universality and meaning of the organizer concept. Summary: This Review re-evaluates the notion of Spemann's organizer as identified in amphibians, highlighting the spatiotemporal dispersion of equivalent elements in mouse and the key influence of responsiveness to organizer signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Steventon
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sinnberg T, Levesque MP, Krochmann J, Cheng PF, Ikenberg K, Meraz-Torres F, Niessner H, Garbe C, Busch C. Wnt-signaling enhances neural crest migration of melanoma cells and induces an invasive phenotype. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:59. [PMID: 29454361 PMCID: PMC5816360 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During embryonic development Wnt family members and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) cooperatively induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the neural crest. Wnt and BMPs are reactivated during malignant transformation in melanoma. We previously demonstrated that the BMP-antagonist noggin blocked the EMT phenotype of melanoma cells in the neural crest and malignant invasion of melanoma cells in the chick embryo; vice-versa, malignant invasion was induced in human melanocytes in vivo by pre-treatment with BMP-2. Results Although there are conflicting results in the literature about the role of β-catenin for invasion of melanoma cells, we found Wnt/β-catenin signaling to be analogously important for the EMT-like phenotype of human metastatic melanoma cells in the neural crest and during invasion: β-catenin was frequently expressed at the invasive front of human primary melanomas and Wnt3a expression was inversely correlated with survival of melanoma patients. Accordingly, cytoplasmic β-catenin levels were increased during invasion of melanoma cells in the rhombencephalon of the chick embryo. Fibroblast derived Wnt3a reduced melanoma cell adhesion and enhanced migration, while the β-catenin inhibitor PKF115–584 increased adhesion and reduced migration in vitro and in the chick embryonic neural crest environment in vivo. Similarly, knockdown of β-catenin impaired intradermal melanoma cell invasion and PKF115–584 efficiently reduced liver metastasis in a chick chorioallantoic membrane model. Our observations were accompanied by specific alterations in gene expression which are linked to overall survival of melanoma patients. Conclusion We present a novel role for Wnt-signaling in neural crest like melanoma cell invasion and metastasis, stressing the crucial role of embryonic EMT-inducing neural crest signaling for the spreading of malignant melanoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-018-0773-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Sinnberg
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr.25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, Universitaets Spital Zürich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jelena Krochmann
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr.25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Phil F Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Universitaets Spital Zürich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Ikenberg
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Meraz-Torres
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr.25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heike Niessner
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr.25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr.25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Busch
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr.25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,Dermateam, Bankstrasse 4, 8400, Winterthur, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|