1
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Chatterjee D, Bhattacharya S, Kumari L, Datta A. Aptamers: ushering in new hopes in targeted glioblastoma therapy. J Drug Target 2024; 32:1005-1028. [PMID: 38923419 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2373306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a formidable brain cancer, has remained a therapeutic challenge due to its aggressive nature and resistance to conventional treatments. Recent data indicate that aptamers, short synthetic DNA or RNA molecules can be used in anti-cancer therapy due to their better tumour penetration, specific binding affinity, longer retention in tumour sites and their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. With the ability to modify these oligonucleotides through the selection process, and using rational design to modify them, post-SELEX aptamers offer several advantages in glioblastoma treatment, including precise targeting of cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. This review discusses the pivotal role of aptamers in glioblastoma therapy and diagnosis, emphasising their potential to enhance treatment efficacy and also highlights recent advancements in aptamer-based therapies which can transform the landscape of glioblastoma treatment, offering renewed hope to patients and clinicians alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarpan Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, India
| | - Srijan Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, India
| | - Leena Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, India
| | - Aparna Datta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, India
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2
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Ordónez-Rubiano EG, Cómbita A, Baldoncini M, Payán-Gómez C, Gómez-Amarillo DF, Hakim F, Camargo J, Zorro-Sepúlveda V, Luzzi S, Zorro O, Parra-Medina R. Cellular Senescence in Diffuse Gliomas: From Physiopathology to Possible Treatments. World Neurosurg 2024; 191:138-148. [PMID: 39233309 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence in gliomas is a complex process that is induced by aging and replication, ionizing radiation, oncogenic stress, and the use of temozolomide. However, the escape routes that gliomas must evade senescence and achieve cellular immortality are much more complex, in which the expression of telomerase and the alternative lengthening of telomeres, as well as the mutation of some proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, are involved. In gliomas, these molecular mechanisms related to cellular senescence can have a tumor-suppressing or promoting effect and are directly involved in tumor recurrence and progression. From these cellular mechanisms related to cellular senescence, it is possible to generate targeted senostatic and senolytic therapies that improve the response to currently available treatments and improve survival rates. This review aims to summarize the mechanisms of induction and evasion of cellular senescence in gliomas, as well as review possible treatments with therapies targeting pathways related to cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar G Ordónez-Rubiano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS), Hospital de San José - Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia; School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Alba Cómbita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Microbiology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Matías Baldoncini
- School of Medicine, Laboratory of Microsurgical Neuroanatomy, Second Chair of Gross Anatomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurological Surgery, Hospital San Fernando, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - César Payán-Gómez
- Dirección Académica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede de La Paz, La Paz, Colombia
| | - Diego F Gómez-Amarillo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fernando Hakim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julián Camargo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Oscar Zorro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS), Hospital de San José - Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafael Parra-Medina
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia; Research Institute, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS), Hospital de San José - Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
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3
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Hwang YK, Lee DH, Lee EC, Oh JS. Importance of Autophagy Regulation in Glioblastoma with Temozolomide Resistance. Cells 2024; 13:1332. [PMID: 39195222 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common malignant and CNS tumor, accounting for 47.7% of total cases. Glioblastoma has an incidence rate of 3.21 cases per 100,000 people. The regulation of autophagy, a conserved cellular process involved in the degradation and recycling of cellular components, has been found to play an important role in GBM pathogenesis and response to therapy. Autophagy plays a dual role in promoting tumor survival and apoptosis, and here we discuss the complex interplay between autophagy and GBM. We summarize the mechanisms underlying autophagy dysregulation in GBM, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, which is most active in brain tumors, and EGFR and mutant EGFRvIII. We also review potential therapeutic strategies that target autophagy for the treatment of GBM, such as autophagy inhibitors used in combination with the standard of care, TMZ. We discuss our current understanding of how autophagy is involved in TMZ resistance and its role in glioblastoma development and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Keun Hwang
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Chae Lee
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sang Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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4
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Shen LP, Zhang WC, Deng JR, Qi ZH, Lin ZW, Wang ZD. Advances in the mechanism of small nucleolar RNA and its role in DNA damage response. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:53. [PMID: 39118131 PMCID: PMC11308251 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) were previously regarded as a class of functionally conserved housekeeping genes, primarily involved in the regulation of ribosome biogenesis by ribosomal RNA (rRNA) modification. However, some of them are involved in several biological processes via complex molecular mechanisms. DNA damage response (DDR) is a conserved mechanism for maintaining genomic stability to prevent the occurrence of various human diseases. It has recently been revealed that snoRNAs are involved in DDR at multiple levels, indicating their relevant theoretical and clinical significance in this field. The present review systematically addresses four main points, including the biosynthesis and classification of snoRNAs, the mechanisms through which snoRNAs regulate target molecules, snoRNAs in the process of DDR, and the significance of snoRNA in disease diagnosis and treatment. It focuses on the potential functions of snoRNAs in DDR to help in the discovery of the roles of snoRNAs in maintaining genome stability and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Shen
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jia-Rong Deng
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Academy of Military Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Qi
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhong-Wu Lin
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhi-Dong Wang
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Academy of Military Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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5
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Hosseini FS, Ahmadi A, Kesharwani P, Hosseini H, Sahebkar A. Regulatory effects of statins on Akt signaling for prevention of cancers. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111213. [PMID: 38729324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Statins, which are primarily used as lipid-lowering drugs, have been found to exhibit anti-tumor effects through modulating and interfering with various signaling pathways. In observational studies, statin use has been associated with a significant reduction in the progression of various cancers, including colon, lung, prostate, pancreas, and esophagus cancer, as well as melanoma and B and T cell lymphoma. The mevalonate pathway, which is affected by statins, plays a crucial role in activating Rho, Ras, and Rab proteins, thereby impacting the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells. Statins block this pathway, leading to the inhibition of isoprenoid units, which are critical for the activation of these key proteins, thereby affecting cancer cell behavior. Additionally, statins affect MAPK and Cdk2, which in turn reduce the expression of p21 and p27 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Akt signaling plays a crucial role in key cancer cell features like proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis by activating multiple effectors in downstream pathways such as FOXO, PTEN, NF-κB, GSK3β, and mTOR. The PI3K/Akt signaling is necessary for many events in the metastatic pathway and has been implicated in the resistance to cytostatic drugs. The Akt/PTEN axis is currently attracting great interest for its role in carcinogenesis. Statins have been shown to activate the purinergic receptor P2X7 and affect Akt signaling, which may have important anti-cancer effects. Hence, targeting Akt shows promise as an effective approach to cancer prevention and therapy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion on the specific impact of statins through Akt signaling in different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Ahmadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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6
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Skrzeszewski M, Maciejewska M, Kobza D, Gawrylak A, Kieda C, Waś H. Risk factors of using late-autophagy inhibitors: Aspects to consider when combined with anticancer therapies. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116277. [PMID: 38740222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer resistance to therapy is still an unsolved scientific and clinical problem. In 2022, the hallmarks of cancer have been expanded to include four new features, including cellular senescence. Therapy-induced senescence (TIS) is a stressor-based response to conventional treatment methods, e.g. chemo- and radiotherapy, but also to non-conventional targeted therapies. Since TIS reinforces resistance in cancers, new strategies for sensitizing cancer cells to therapy are being adopted. These include macroautophagy as a potential target for inhibition due to its potential cytoprotective role in many cancers. The mechanism of late-stage autophagy inhibitors is based on blockage of autophagolysosome formation or an increase in lysosomal pH, resulting in disrupted cargo degradation. Such inhibitors are relevant candidates for increasing anticancer therapy effectiveness. In particular, 4-aminoquoline derivatives: chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ) have been tested in multiple clinical trials in combination with senescence-inducing anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we summarize the properties of selected late-autophagy inhibitors and their role in the regulation of autophagy and senescent cell phenotype in vitro and in vivo models of cancer as well as treatment response in clinical trials on oncological patients. Additionally, we point out that, although these compounds increase the effectiveness of treatment in some cases, their practical usage might be hindered due to systemic toxicity, hypoxic environment, dose- ant time-dependent inhibitory effects, as well as a possible contribution to escaping from TIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Skrzeszewski
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Poland; Doctoral School of Translational Medicine, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Poland
| | - Monika Maciejewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Poland
| | - Dagmara Kobza
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Poland; School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Aleksandra Gawrylak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Poland; Department of Immunology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Poland; Centre for Molecular Biophysics, UPR CNRS 4301, Orléans, France; Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Halina Waś
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Poland.
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7
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Thanh HD, Lee S, Nguyen TT, Huu TN, Ahn EJ, Cho SH, Kim MS, Moon KS, Jung C. Temozolomide promotes matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression through p38 MAPK and JNK pathways in glioblastoma cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14341. [PMID: 38906916 PMCID: PMC11192740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and deadly brain cancer. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the standard chemotherapeutic agent for GBM, but the majority of patients experience recurrence and invasion of tumor cells. We investigated whether TMZ treatment of GBM cells regulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which have the main function to promote tumor cell invasion. TMZ effectively killed GL261, U343, and U87MG cells at a concentration of 500 µM, and surviving cells upregulated MMP9 expression and its activity but not those of MMP2. TMZ also elevated levels of MMP9 mRNA and MMP9 promoter activity. Subcutaneous graft tumors survived from TMZ treatment also exhibited increased expression of MMP9 and enhanced gelatinolytic activity. TMZ-mediated MMP9 upregulation was specifically mediated through the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK. This then stimulates AP-1 activity through the upregulation of c-Fos and c-Jun. Inhibition of the p38, JNK, or both pathways counteracted the TMZ-induced upregulation of MMP9 and AP-1. This study proposes a potential adverse effect of TMZ treatment for GBM: upregulation of MMP9 expression potentially associated with increased invasion and poor prognosis. This study also provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms by which TMZ treatment leads to increased MMP9 expression in GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Duong Thanh
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
| | - Sueun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-Si, 58245, Jeollanam-Do, Korea
| | - Thuy Thi Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
| | - Thang Nguyen Huu
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Jeollanam-Do, Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Cho
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
| | - Min Soo Kim
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sub Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Jeollanam-Do, Korea
| | - Chaeyong Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Korea.
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8
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Satou M, Wang J, Nakano-Tateno T, Teramachi M, Aoki S, Sugimoto H, Chik C, Tateno T. Autophagy inhibition suppresses hormone production and cell growth in pituitary tumor cells: A potential approach to pituitary tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 586:112196. [PMID: 38462123 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Pituitary tumors (PTs) represent about 10% of all intracranial tumors, and most are benign. However, some PTs exhibit continued growth despite multimodal therapies. Although temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent, is a first-line medical treatment for aggressive PTs, some PTs are resistant to TMZ. Existing literature indicated the involvement of autophagy in cell growth in several types of tumors, including PTs, and autophagy inhibitors have anti-tumor effects. In this study, the expression of several autophagy-inducible genes, including Atg3, Beclin1, Map1lc3A, Map1lc3b, Ulk1, Wipi2, and Tfe3 in two PT cell lines, the mouse corticotroph AtT-20 cells and the rat mammosomatotroph GH4 cells were identified. Down regulation of Tfe3, a master switch of basal autophagy, using RNA interference, suppressed cell proliferation in AtT-20 cells, suggesting basal autophagy contributes to the maintenance of cellular functions in PT cells. Expectedly, treatment with bafilomycin A1, an autophagy inhibitor, suppressed cell proliferation, increased the cleavage of PARP1, and reduced ACTH production in AtT-20 cells. Treatment with two additional autophagy inhibitors, chloroquine (CQ) and monensin, demonstrated similar effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and ACTH production in AtT-20 cells. Also, treatment with CQ suppressed cell proliferation and growth hormone production in GH4 cells. Moreover, the combination of CQ and TMZ had an additive effect on the inhibition of cell proliferation in AtT-20 and GH4 cells. The additive effect of anti-cancer drugs such as CQ alone or in combination with TMZ may represent a novel therapeutic approach for PTs, in particular tumors with resistance to TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Satou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Jason Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tae Nakano-Tateno
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mariko Teramachi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Constance Chik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Toru Tateno
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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9
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Li Y. DNA Adducts in Cancer Chemotherapy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5113-5143. [PMID: 38552031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
DNA adducting drugs, including alkylating agents and platinum-containing drugs, are prominent in cancer chemotherapy. Their mechanisms of action involve direct interaction with DNA, resulting in the formation of DNA addition products known as DNA adducts. While these adducts are well-accepted to induce cancer cell death, understanding of their specific chemotypes and their role in drug therapy response remain limited. This perspective aims to address this gap by investigating the metabolic activation and chemical characterization of DNA adducts formed by the U.S. FDA-approved drugs. Moreover, clinical studies on DNA adducts as potential biomarkers for predicting patient responses to drug efficacy are examined. The overarching goal is to engage the interest of medicinal chemists and stimulate further research into the use of DNA adducts as biomarkers for guiding personalized cancer treatment.
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Radin DP, Shifman S, Outhwaite IR, Sharma A, Bases R, Seeliger MA, Tsirka SE. Lucanthone, a Potential PPT1 Inhibitor, Perturbs Stemness, Reduces Tumor Microtube Formation, and Slows the Growth of Temozolomide-Resistant Gliomas In Vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 389:51-60. [PMID: 38296645 PMCID: PMC10949164 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.002021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequently diagnosed primary central nervous system tumor in adults. Despite the standard of care therapy, which includes surgical resection, temozolomide chemotherapy, radiation and the newly added tumor-treating fields, median survival remains only ∼20 months. Unfortunately, GBM has a ∼100% recurrence rate, but after recurrence there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies to limit tumor growth and enhance patient survival, as these tumors are resistant to temozolomide (TMZ). Recently, our laboratory reported that lucanthone slows GBM by inhibiting autophagic flux through lysosome targeting and decreases the number of Olig2+ glioma stem-like cells (GSC) in vitro and in vivo. We now additionally report that lucanthone efficiently abates stemness in patient-derived GSC and reduces tumor microtube formation in GSC, an emerging hallmark of treatment resistance in GBM. In glioma tumors derived from cells with acquired resistance to TMZ, lucanthone retains the ability to perturb tumor growth, inhibits autophagy by targeting lysosomes, and reduces Olig2 positivity. We also find that lucanthone may act as an inhibitor of palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1. Our results suggest that lucanthone may function as a potential treatment option for GBM tumors that are not amenable to TMZ treatment. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: We report that the antischistosome agent lucanthone impedes tumor growth in a preclinical model of temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma and reduces the numbers of stem-like glioma cells. In addition, it acts as an autophagy inhibitor, and its mechanism of action may be via inhibition of palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1. As there are no defined therapies approved for recurrent, TMZ-resistant tumor, lucanthone could emerge as a treatment for glioblastoma tumors that may not be amenable to TMZ both in the newly diagnosed and recurrent settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Radin
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences (D.P.R., S.S., I.R.O., A.S., M.A.S., S.E.T.) and Stony Brook Medical Scientist Training Program (D.P.R., S.S., I.R.O.), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Sophie Shifman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences (D.P.R., S.S., I.R.O., A.S., M.A.S., S.E.T.) and Stony Brook Medical Scientist Training Program (D.P.R., S.S., I.R.O.), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Ian R Outhwaite
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences (D.P.R., S.S., I.R.O., A.S., M.A.S., S.E.T.) and Stony Brook Medical Scientist Training Program (D.P.R., S.S., I.R.O.), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Aryan Sharma
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences (D.P.R., S.S., I.R.O., A.S., M.A.S., S.E.T.) and Stony Brook Medical Scientist Training Program (D.P.R., S.S., I.R.O.), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Robert Bases
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences (D.P.R., S.S., I.R.O., A.S., M.A.S., S.E.T.) and Stony Brook Medical Scientist Training Program (D.P.R., S.S., I.R.O.), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Markus A Seeliger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences (D.P.R., S.S., I.R.O., A.S., M.A.S., S.E.T.) and Stony Brook Medical Scientist Training Program (D.P.R., S.S., I.R.O.), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences (D.P.R., S.S., I.R.O., A.S., M.A.S., S.E.T.) and Stony Brook Medical Scientist Training Program (D.P.R., S.S., I.R.O.), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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11
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Oraiopoulou ME, Tzamali E, Psycharakis SE, Tzedakis G, Makatounakis T, Manolitsi K, Drakos E, Vakis AF, Zacharakis G, Papamatheakis J, Sakkalis V. The Temozolomide-Doxorubicin paradox in Glioblastoma in vitro-in silico preclinical drug-screening. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3759. [PMID: 38355655 PMCID: PMC10866941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant Temozolomide is considered the front-line Glioblastoma chemotherapeutic treatment; yet not all patients respond. Latest trends in clinical trials usually refer to Doxorubicin; yet it can lead to severe side-effects if administered in high doses. While Glioblastoma prognosis remains poor, little is known about the combination of the two chemotherapeutics. Patient-derived spheroids were generated and treated with a range of Temozolomide/Doxorubicin concentrations either as monotherapy or in combination. Optical microscopy was used to monitor the growth pattern and cell death. Based on the monotherapy experiments, we developed a probabilistic mathematical framework in order to describe the drug-induced effect at the single-cell level and simulate drug doses in combination assuming probabilistic independence. Doxorubicin was found to be effective in doses even four orders of magnitude less than Temozolomide in monotherapy. The combination therapy doses tested in vitro were able to lead to irreversible growth inhibition at doses where monotherapy resulted in relapse. In our simulations, we assumed both drugs are anti-mitotic; Temozolomide has a growth-arrest effect, while Doxorubicin is able to cumulatively cause necrosis. Interestingly, under no mechanistic synergy assumption, the in silico predictions underestimate the in vitro results. In silico models allow the exploration of a variety of potential underlying hypotheses. The simulated-biological discrepancy at certain doses indicates a supra-additive response when both drugs are combined. Our results suggest a Temozolomide-Doxorubicin dual chemotherapeutic scheme to both disable proliferation and increase cytotoxicity against Glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam-Eleni Oraiopoulou
- Institute of Computer Science (ICS), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
- Cancer Research UK - Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleftheria Tzamali
- Institute of Computer Science (ICS), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stylianos E Psycharakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgios Tzedakis
- Institute of Computer Science (ICS), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Takis Makatounakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katina Manolitsi
- University General Hospital of Heraklion (PAGNI), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elias Drakos
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- University General Hospital of Heraklion (PAGNI), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonis F Vakis
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- University General Hospital of Heraklion (PAGNI), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Giannis Zacharakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Joseph Papamatheakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vangelis Sakkalis
- Institute of Computer Science (ICS), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece.
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12
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Kim D, Orr MJ, Yu X, Munshi HH, Wang A, Trudeau C, Kwong AJ, Cheng SY, Scheidt KA. Synthesis and Structural Optimization of ATG4B Inhibitors for the Attenuation of Autophagy in Glioblastoma. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:258-264. [PMID: 38352843 PMCID: PMC10860193 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a prevalent malignant CNS tumor, presents a therapeutic challenge because of resistance to standard treatments, including radiation therapy and temozolomide. Both modalities induce autophagy, thereby paradoxically promoting tumor survival. The cysteine protease ATG4B is implicated in this cellular process, which highlights the enzyme as a viable therapeutic target for glioblastoma. We have developed streamlined syntheses for ATG4B inhibitor NSC185058, its derivatives, and fluorogenic ATG4B substrate pim-FG-PABA-AMC. We leveraged these findings to rapidly identify novel compound MJO445, which demonstrates markedly greater potency biochemically and in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton
R. Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Feinberg
School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Meghan J. Orr
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Feinberg
School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Xiaozhou Yu
- Ken
& Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- The
Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive
Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Hasan H. Munshi
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Austin Wang
- Feinberg
School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Claire Trudeau
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ada J. Kwong
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- Ken
& Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- The
Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive
Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemistry
of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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13
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Lee SY, Choi SH, Kim Y, Ahn HS, Ko YG, Kim K, Chi SW, Kim H. Migrasomal autophagosomes relieve endoplasmic reticulum stress in glioblastoma cells. BMC Biol 2024; 22:23. [PMID: 38287397 PMCID: PMC10826056 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01829-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is more difficult to treat than other intractable adult tumors. The main reason that GBM is so difficult to treat is that it is highly infiltrative. Migrasomes are newly discovered membrane structures observed in migrating cells. Thus, they can be generated from GBM cells that have the ability to migrate along the brain parenchyma. However, the function of migrasomes has not yet been elucidated in GBM cells. RESULTS Here, we describe the composition and function of migrasomes generated along with GBM cell migration. Proteomic analysis revealed that LC3B-positive autophagosomes were abundant in the migrasomes of GBM cells. An increased number of migrasomes was observed following treatment with chloroquine (CQ) or inhibition of the expression of STX17 and SNAP29, which are involved in autophagosome/lysosome fusion. Furthermore, depletion of ITGA5 or TSPAN4 did not relieve endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cells, resulting in cell death. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study suggests that increasing the number of autophagosomes, through inhibition of autophagosome/lysosome fusion, generates migrasomes that have the capacity to alleviate cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Yong Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonji Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Ahn
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wook Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Kusaczuk M, Ambel ET, Naumowicz M, Velasco G. Cellular stress responses as modulators of drug cytotoxicity in pharmacotherapy of glioblastoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189054. [PMID: 38103622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extensive efforts to find effective therapeutic strategies, glioblastoma (GBM) remains a therapeutic challenge with dismal prognosis of survival. Over the last decade the role of stress responses in GBM therapy has gained a great deal of attention, since depending on the duration and intensity of these cellular programs they can be cytoprotective or promote cancer cell death. As such, initiation of the UPR, autophagy or oxidative stress may either impede or facilitate drug-mediated cell killing. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms that regulate ER stress, autophagy, and oxidative stress during GBM development and progression to later discuss the involvement of these stress pathways in the response to different treatments. We also discuss how a precise understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating stress responses evoked by different pharmacological agents could decisively contribute to the design of novel and more effective combinational treatments against brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kusaczuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Elena Tovar Ambel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Monika Naumowicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, K. Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Guillermo Velasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Trejo-Solis C, Silva-Adaya D, Serrano-García N, Magaña-Maldonado R, Jimenez-Farfan D, Ferreira-Guerrero E, Cruz-Salgado A, Castillo-Rodriguez RA. Role of Glycolytic and Glutamine Metabolism Reprogramming on the Proliferation, Invasion, and Apoptosis Resistance through Modulation of Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17633. [PMID: 38139462 PMCID: PMC10744281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma cells exhibit genetic and metabolic alterations that affect the deregulation of several cellular signal transduction pathways, including those related to glucose metabolism. Moreover, oncogenic signaling pathways induce the expression of metabolic genes, increasing the metabolic enzyme activities and thus the critical biosynthetic pathways to generate nucleotides, amino acids, and fatty acids, which provide energy and metabolic intermediates that are essential to accomplish the biosynthetic needs of glioma cells. In this review, we aim to explore how dysregulated metabolic enzymes and their metabolites from primary metabolism pathways in glioblastoma (GBM) such as glycolysis and glutaminolysis modulate anabolic and catabolic metabolic pathways as well as pro-oncogenic signaling and contribute to the formation, survival, growth, and malignancy of glioma cells. Also, we discuss promising therapeutic strategies by targeting the key players in metabolic regulation. Therefore, the knowledge of metabolic reprogramming is necessary to fully understand the biology of malignant gliomas to improve patient survival significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trejo-Solis
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (D.S.-A.); (N.S.-G.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Daniela Silva-Adaya
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (D.S.-A.); (N.S.-G.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Norma Serrano-García
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (D.S.-A.); (N.S.-G.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Roxana Magaña-Maldonado
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (D.S.-A.); (N.S.-G.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Dolores Jimenez-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Elizabeth Ferreira-Guerrero
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (E.F.-G.); (A.C.-S.)
| | - Arturo Cruz-Salgado
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (E.F.-G.); (A.C.-S.)
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16
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Gareev I, Encarnacion Ramirez MDJ, Nurmukhametov R, Ivliev D, Shumadalova A, Ilyasova T, Beilerli A, Wang C. The role and clinical relevance of long non-coding RNAs in glioma. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:562-570. [PMID: 37602320 PMCID: PMC10432901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma represents a complex and heterogeneous disease, posing significant challenges to both clinicians and researchers. Despite notable advancements in glioma treatment, the overall survival rate for most glioma patients remains dishearteningly low. Hence, there is an urgent necessity to discover novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets specifically tailored for glioma. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators of gene expression and have garnered attention for their involvement in the development and progression of various cancers, including glioma. The dysregulation of lncRNAs plays a critical role in glioma pathogenesis and influences clinical outcomes. Consequently, there is growing interest in exploring the potential of lncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets. By understanding the functions and dysregulation of lncRNAs in glioma, researchers aim to unlock new avenues for the development of innovative treatment strategies catered to glioma patients. The identification and thorough characterization of lncRNAs hold the promise of novel therapeutic approaches that could potentially improve patient outcomes and enhance the management of glioma, ultimately striving for better prospects and enhanced quality of life for those affected by this challenging disease. The primary objective of this paper is to comprehensively review the current state of knowledge regarding lncRNA biology and their intricate roles in glioma. It also delves into the potential of lncRNAs as valuable diagnostic and prognostic indicators and explores their feasibility as promising targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgiz Gareev
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russia
| | - Manuel de Jesus Encarnacion Ramirez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Renat Nurmukhametov
- Division of Spine Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Denis Ivliev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Smolensk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Smolensk, Russia
| | - Alina Shumadalova
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ilyasova
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russia
| | - Aferin Beilerli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
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17
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Mesén-Porras S, Rojas-Céspedes A, Molina-Mora JA, Vega-Baudrit J, Siles F, Quiros S, Mora-Rodríguez R. Sphingolipid-Based Synergistic Interactions to Enhance Chemosensitivity in Lung Cancer Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2588. [PMID: 37998323 PMCID: PMC10670127 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity leads to drug resistance in cancer treatment with the crucial role of sphingolipids in cell fate and stress signaling. We analyzed sphingolipid metabolism and autophagic flux to study chemotherapeutic interactions on the A549 lung cancer model. Loaded cells with fluorescent sphingomyelin analog (BODIPY) and mCherry-EGFP-LC3B were used to track autophagic flux and assess cytotoxicity when cells are exposed to chemotherapy (epirubicin, cisplatin, and paclitaxel) together with sphingolipid pathway inhibitors and autophagy modulators. Our cell model approach employed fluorescent sphingolipid biosensors and a Gaussian Mixture Model of cell heterogeneity profiles to map the influence of chemotherapy on the sphingolipid pathway and infer potential synergistic interactions. Results showed significant synergy, especially when combining epirubicin with autophagy inducers (rapamycin and Torin), reducing cell viability. Cisplatin also synergized with a ceramidase inhibitor. However, paclitaxel often led to antagonistic effects. Our mapping model suggests that combining chemotherapies with autophagy inducers increases vesicle formation, possibly linked to ceramide accumulation, triggering cell death. However, the in silico model proposed ceramide accumulation in autophagosomes, and kinetic analysis provided evidence of sphingolipid colocalization in autophagosomes. Further research is needed to identify specific sphingolipids accumulating in autophagosomes. These findings offer insights into potential strategies for overcoming chemotherapy resistance by targeting the sphingolipid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Mesén-Porras
- Research Center on Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; (S.M.-P.); (A.R.-C.); (J.A.M.-M.); (S.Q.)
- Research Center on Surgery and Cancer (CICICA), Campus Rodrigo Facio, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica;
- Master Program in Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC), National Center of High Technology (CeNAT), Pavas, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica;
| | - Andrea Rojas-Céspedes
- Research Center on Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; (S.M.-P.); (A.R.-C.); (J.A.M.-M.); (S.Q.)
| | - José Arturo Molina-Mora
- Research Center on Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; (S.M.-P.); (A.R.-C.); (J.A.M.-M.); (S.Q.)
| | - José Vega-Baudrit
- National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC), National Center of High Technology (CeNAT), Pavas, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica;
| | - Francisco Siles
- Research Center on Surgery and Cancer (CICICA), Campus Rodrigo Facio, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica;
- Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems Laboratory (PRIS-Lab), Department and Postgraduate Studies in Electrical Engineering, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Steve Quiros
- Research Center on Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; (S.M.-P.); (A.R.-C.); (J.A.M.-M.); (S.Q.)
- Research Center on Surgery and Cancer (CICICA), Campus Rodrigo Facio, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica;
| | - Rodrigo Mora-Rodríguez
- Research Center on Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; (S.M.-P.); (A.R.-C.); (J.A.M.-M.); (S.Q.)
- Research Center on Surgery and Cancer (CICICA), Campus Rodrigo Facio, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica;
- Master Program in Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
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18
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José-López R. Chemotherapy for the treatment of intracranial glioma in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1273122. [PMID: 38026627 PMCID: PMC10643662 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1273122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the second most common primary brain tumor in dogs and although they are associated with a poor prognosis, limited data are available relating to the efficacy of standard therapeutic options such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Additionally, canine glioma is gaining relevance as a naturally occurring animal model that recapitulates human disease with fidelity. There is an intense comparative research drive to test new therapeutic approaches in dogs and assess if results translate efficiently into human clinical trials to improve the poor outcomes associated with the current standard-of-care. However, the paucity of data and controversy around most appropriate treatment for intracranial gliomas in dogs make comparisons among modalities troublesome. To further inform therapeutic decision-making, client discussion, and future studies evaluating treatment responses, the outcomes of 127 dogs with intracranial glioma, either presumed (n = 49) or histologically confirmed (n = 78), that received chemotherapy as leading or adjuvant treatment are reviewed here. This review highlights the status of current chemotherapeutic approaches to intracranial gliomas in dogs, most notably temozolomide and lomustine; areas of novel treatment currently in development, and difficulties to consensuate and compare different study observations. Finally, suggestions are made to facilitate evidence-based research in the field of canine glioma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto José-López
- Hamilton Specialist Referrals – IVC Evidensia, High Wycombe, United Kingdom
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19
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Chojak R, Fares J, Petrosyan E, Lesniak MS. Cellular senescence in glioma. J Neurooncol 2023; 164:11-29. [PMID: 37458855 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor and is often associated with treatment resistance and poor prognosis. Standard treatment typically involves radiotherapy and temozolomide-based chemotherapy, both of which induce cellular senescence-a tumor suppression mechanism. DISCUSSION Gliomas employ various mechanisms to bypass or escape senescence and remain in a proliferative state. Importantly, senescent cells remain viable and secrete a large number of factors collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that, paradoxically, also have pro-tumorigenic effects. Furthermore, senescent cells may represent one form of tumor dormancy and play a role in glioma recurrence and progression. CONCLUSION In this article, we delineate an overview of senescence in the context of gliomas, including the mechanisms that lead to senescence induction, bypass, and escape. Furthermore, we examine the role of senescent cells in the tumor microenvironment and their role in tumor progression and recurrence. Additionally, we highlight potential therapeutic opportunities for targeting senescence in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Chojak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edgar Petrosyan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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20
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Jaworski D, Brzoszczyk B, Szylberg Ł. Recent Research Advances in Double-Strand Break and Mismatch Repair Defects in Prostate Cancer and Potential Clinical Applications. Cells 2023; 12:1375. [PMID: 37408208 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide. Recent research advances have emphasized the critical roles of mismatch repair (MMR) and double-strand break (DSB) in prostate cancer development and progression. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms underlying DSB and MMR defects in prostate cancer, as well as their clinical implications. Furthermore, we discuss the promising therapeutic potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors and PARP inhibitors in targeting these defects, particularly in the context of personalized medicine and further perspectives. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of these novel treatments, including Food and Drugs Association (FDA) drug approvals, offering hope for improved patient outcomes. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of understanding the interplay between MMR and DSB defects in prostate cancer to develop innovative and effective therapeutic strategies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Jaworski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Division of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Brzoszczyk
- Department of Urology, University Hospital No. 2 im. Dr. Jan Biziel in Bydgoszcz, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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21
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Advanced Bioinformatics Analysis and Genetic Technologies for Targeting Autophagy in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060897. [PMID: 36980238 PMCID: PMC10047676 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most malignant primary brain tumor in adults, a diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) continues to carry a poor prognosis. GBM is characterized by cytoprotective homeostatic processes such as the activation of autophagy, capability to confer therapeutic resistance, evasion of apoptosis, and survival strategy even in the hypoxic and nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment. The current gold standard of therapy, which involves radiotherapy and concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), has been a game-changer for patients with GBM, relatively improving both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS); however, TMZ is now well-known to upregulate undesirable cytoprotective autophagy, limiting its therapeutic efficacy for induction of apoptosis in GBM cells. The identification of targets utilizing bioinformatics-driven approaches, advancement of modern molecular biology technologies such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)—CRISPR-associated protein (Cas9) or CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, and usage of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulation of gene expression led to the selection of many novel targets for new therapeutic development and the creation of promising combination therapies. This review explores the current state of advanced bioinformatics analysis and genetic technologies and their utilization for synergistic combination with TMZ in the context of inhibition of autophagy for controlling the growth of GBM.
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22
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Elshazly AM, Gewirtz DA. Is Autophagy Inhibition in Combination with Temozolomide a Therapeutically Viable Strategy? Cells 2023; 12:535. [PMID: 36831202 PMCID: PMC9954434 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide is an oral alkylating agent that is used as the first line treatment for glioblastoma multiform, and in recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma, as well as having demonstrable activity in patients with metastatic melanoma. However, as the case with other chemotherapeutic agents, the development of resistance often limits the therapeutic benefit of temozolomide, particularly in the case of glioblastoma. A number of resistance mechanisms have been proposed including the development of cytoprotective autophagy. Cytoprotective autophagy is a survival mechanism that confers upon tumor cells the ability to survive in a nutrient deficient environment as well as under external stresses, such as cancer chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation, in part through the suppression of apoptotic cell death. In this review/commentary, we explore the available literature and provide an overview of the evidence for the promotion of protective autophagy in response to temozolomide, highlighting the possibility of targeting autophagy as an adjuvant therapy to potentially increase the effectiveness of temozolomide and to overcome the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Elshazly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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23
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Guthrie OW, Spankovich C. Emerging and established therapies for chemotherapy-induced ototoxicity. J Cancer Surviv 2023; 17:17-26. [PMID: 36637631 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-022-01317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ototoxicity is considered a dose-limiting side effect of some chemotherapies. Hearing loss, in particular, can have significant implications for the quality of life for cancer survivors. Here, we review therapeutic approaches to mitigating ototoxicity related to chemotherapy. METHODS Literature review. CONCLUSIONS Numerous otoprotection strategies are undergoing active investigation. However, numerous challenges exist to confer adequate protection while retaining the anti-cancer efficacy of the chemotherapy. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Ototoxicity can have significant implications for cancer survivors, notably those receiving cisplatin. Clinical translation of multiple otoprotection approaches will aid in limiting these consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- O'neil W Guthrie
- Cell & Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher Spankovich
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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24
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Bousset L, Gil J. Targeting senescence as an anticancer therapy. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3855-3880. [PMID: 36065138 PMCID: PMC9627790 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress response elicited by different molecular insults. Senescence results in cell cycle exit and is characterised by multiple phenotypic changes such as the production of a bioactive secretome. Senescent cells accumulate during ageing and are present in cancerous and fibrotic lesions. Drugs that selectively kill senescent cells (senolytics) have shown great promise for the treatment of age-related diseases. Senescence plays paradoxical roles in cancer. Induction of senescence limits cancer progression and contributes to therapy success, but lingering senescent cells fuel progression, recurrence, and metastasis. In this review, we describe the intricate relation between senescence and cancer. Moreover, we enumerate how current anticancer therapies induce senescence in tumour cells and how senolytic agents could be deployed to complement anticancer therapies. "One-two punch" therapies aim to first induce senescence in the tumour followed by senolytic treatment to target newly exposed vulnerabilities in senescent tumour cells. "One-two punch" represents an emerging and promising new strategy in cancer treatment. Future challenges of "one-two punch" approaches include how to best monitor senescence in cancer patients to effectively survey their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bousset
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS)UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS)Imperial College LondonUK
| | - Jesús Gil
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS)UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS)Imperial College LondonUK
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25
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Kashani E, Vassella E. Pleiotropy of PP2A Phosphatases in Cancer with a Focus on Glioblastoma IDH Wildtype. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5227. [PMID: 36358647 PMCID: PMC9654311 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine/Threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimeric (or occasionally, heterodimeric) phosphatase with pleiotropic functions and ubiquitous expression. Despite the fact that they all contribute to protein dephosphorylation, multiple PP2A complexes exist which differ considerably by their subcellular localization and their substrate specificity, suggesting diverse PP2A functions. PP2A complex formation is tightly regulated by means of gene expression regulation by transcription factors, microRNAs, and post-translational modifications. Furthermore, a constant competition between PP2A regulatory subunits is taking place dynamically and depending on the spatiotemporal circumstance; many of the integral subunits can outcompete the rest, subjecting them to proteolysis. PP2A modulation is especially important in the context of brain tumors due to its ability to modulate distinct glioma-promoting signal transduction pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, Wnt, Ras, NF-κb, etc. Furthermore, PP2A is also implicated in DNA repair and survival pathways that are activated upon treatment of glioma cells with chemo-radiation. Depending on the cancer cell type, preclinical studies have shown some promise in utilising PP2A activator or PP2A inhibitors to overcome therapy resistance. This review has a special focus on "glioblastoma, IDH wild-type" (GBM) tumors, for which the therapy options have limited efficacy, and tumor relapse is inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kashani
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erik Vassella
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
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26
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Sanati M, Binabaj MM, Ahmadi SS, Aminyavari S, Javid H, Mollazadeh H, Bibak B, Mohtashami E, Jamialahmadi T, Afshari AR, Sahebkar A. Recent advances in glioblastoma multiforme therapy: A focus on autophagy regulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113740. [PMID: 36166963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite conventional treatment options including chemoradiation, patients with the most aggressive primary brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), experience an average survival time of less than 15 months. Regarding the malignant nature of GBM, extensive research and discovery of novel treatments are urgently required to improve the patients' prognosis. Autophagy, a crucial physiological pathway for the degradation and recycling of cell components, is one of the exciting targets of GBM studies. Interventions aimed at autophagy activation or inhibition have been explored as potential GBM therapeutics. This review, which delves into therapeutic techniques to block or activate autophagy in preclinical and clinical research, aims to expand our understanding of available therapies battling GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Experimental and Animal Study Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Maryam Moradi Binabaj
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Samaneh Aminyavari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Javid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Mollazadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Bahram Bibak
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Elmira Mohtashami
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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27
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Yiyun Li, Wan Y, Yu N, Zhao Y, Li M. Galangin (GLN) Promotes Temozolomide-Induced Apoptosis in Glioma Cells. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022060085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Śledzińska P, Bebyn M, Furtak J, Koper A, Koper K. Current and promising treatment strategies in glioma. Rev Neurosci 2022:revneuro-2022-0060. [PMID: 36062548 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors; despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, glioma patients generally have a poor prognosis. Hence there is a clear need for improved therapeutic options. In recent years, significant effort has been made to investigate immunotherapy and precision oncology approaches. The review covers well-established strategies such as surgery, temozolomide, PCV, and mTOR inhibitors. Furthermore, it summarizes promising therapies: tumor treating fields, immune therapies, tyrosine kinases inhibitors, IDH(Isocitrate dehydrogenase)-targeted approaches, and others. While there are many promising treatment strategies, none fundamentally changed the management of glioma patients. However, we are still awaiting the outcome of ongoing trials, which have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Śledzińska
- Molecular Oncology and Genetics Department, Innovative Medical Forum, The F. Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Bebyn
- Molecular Oncology and Genetics Department, Innovative Medical Forum, The F. Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jacek Furtak
- Department of Neurosurgery, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Neurooncology and Radiosurgery, The F. Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Koper
- Department of Oncology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Oncology, Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Centre, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Koper
- Department of Oncology, Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Centre, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Clinical Oncology, and Nursing, Departament of Oncological Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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29
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Li S, Xie X, Peng F, Du J, Peng C. Regulation of temozolomide resistance via lncRNAs: Clinical and biological properties of lncRNAs in gliomas (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 61:101. [PMID: 35796022 PMCID: PMC9291250 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are a primary types of intracranial malignancies and are characterized by a poor prognosis due to aggressive recurrence profiles. Temozolomide (TMZ) is an auxiliary alkylating agent that is extensively used in conjunction with surgical resection and forms the mainstay of clinical treatment strategies for gliomas. However, the frequent occurrence of TMZ resistance in clinical practice limits its therapeutic efficacy. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can play key and varied roles in glioma progression. lncRNAs have been reported to inhibit glioma progression by targeting various signaling pathways. In addition, the differential expression of lncRNAs has also been found to mediate the resistance of glioma to several chemotherapeutic agents, particularly to TMZ. The present review article therefore summarizes the findings of previous studies in an aim to report the significance and function of lncRNAs in regulating the chemoresistance of gliomas. The present review may provide further insight into the clinical treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of The Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Fu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of The Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Fu Peng or Professor Junrong Du, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of The Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
| | - Junrong Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of The Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Fu Peng or Professor Junrong Du, Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of The Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
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30
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Beltzig L, Christmann M, Kaina B. Abrogation of Cellular Senescence Induced by Temozolomide in Glioblastoma Cells: Search for Senolytics. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162588. [PMID: 36010664 PMCID: PMC9406955 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A first-line therapeutic for high-grade glioma, notably glioblastoma (GBM), is the DNA methylating drug temozolomide (TMZ). Previously, we showed that TMZ induces not only apoptosis and autophagy, but also cellular senescence (CSEN). We presented the hypothesis that GBM cells may escape from CSEN, giving rise to recurrent tumors. Furthermore, the inflammatory phenotype associated with CSEN may attenuate chemotherapy and drive tumor progression. Therefore, treatments that specifically target senescent cells, i.e., senolytic drugs, may lead to a better outcome of GBM therapy by preventing recurrences and tumor inflammation. Here, we tested Bcl-2 targeting drugs including ABT-737, ABT-263 (navitoclax), several natural substances such as artesunate, fisetin and curcumin as well as lomustine (CCNU) and ionizing radiation (IR) for their senolytic capacity in GBM cells. Additionally, several proteins involved in the DNA damage response (DDR), ATM, ATR, Chk1/2, p53, p21, NF-kB, Rad51, PARP, IAPs and autophagy, a pathway involved in CSEN induction, were tested for their impact in maintaining CSEN. Treatment of GBM cells with a low dose of TMZ for 8-10 days resulted in >80% CSEN, confirming CSEN to be the major trait induced by TMZ. To identify senolytics, we treated the senescent population with the compounds of interest and found that ABT-737, navitoclax, chloroquine, ATMi, ATRi, BV-6, PX-866 and the natural compounds fisetin and artesunate exhibit senolytic activity, inducing death in senescent cells more efficiently than in proliferating cells. Curcumin showed the opposite effect. No specific effect on CSEN cells was observed by inhibition of Chk1/Chk2, p21, NF-kB, Rad51 and PARP. We conclude that these factors neither play a critical role in maintaining TMZ-induced CSEN nor can their inhibitors be considered as senolytics. Since IR and CCNU did not exhibit senolytic activity, radio- and chemotherapy with alkylating drugs is not designed to eliminate TMZ-induced senescent cancer cells.
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31
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Kim HH, Jeong SH, Ha SE, Park MY, Bhosale PB, Abusaliya A, Won CK, Heo JD, Kim HW, Kim GS. Cellular Regulation of Kynurenic Acid-Induced Cell Apoptosis Pathways in AGS Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168894. [PMID: 36012164 PMCID: PMC9408556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kynurenic acid was included in the three compounds (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and kynurenic acid) that showed high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential among the phenolic compounds contained in Gynura procumbens. In this study, the mechanism of cancer cell death induced by kynurenic acid (KYNA), which has the highest molecular binding affinity, in the gastric cancer cell line AGS was confirmed in molecular docking analysis. KYNA showed the most cancer cell death effect on AGS cells among several gastric cancer cell lines (MKN, AGS, and SNU). AGS cells were used for later experiments, and KYNA concentrations of 0, 150, 200, and 250 µM were used. KYNA inhibited cell migration and proliferation in AGS cells in a concentration-dependent manner. G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and reduction of related proteins (Cdc25C, CDK1 and CyclinB1) were confirmed in KYNA-treated AGS cells. Apoptosis of KYNA-treated AGS cells was confirmed by Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining flow cytometry analysis. As a result of morphological chromatin condensation through DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), intense blue fluorescence was confirmed. The mechanism of apoptosis induction of KYNA-treated AGS cells was confirmed by western blotting. In the extrinsic pathway, apoptosis induction markers FasL, Fas, and Caspase-3 and -8 were increased in a concentration-dependent manner upon KYNA treatment. In the intrinsic pathway, the expression of anti-apoptotic factors PI3K, AKT, and Bcl-xL was down-regulated, and the expression of apoptosis-inducing factors BAD, Bak, Bax, Cytochrom C, and Caspase-9 was up-regulated. Therefore, in the present study, we strongly imply that KYNA induces apoptosis in AGS gastric cancer cells. This suggests that KYNA, a natural compound, could be the basis for drug for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Se Hyo Jeong
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Ha
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Biological Resources Research Group, Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Korea
| | - Min Yeong Park
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Pritam Bhagwan Bhosale
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Abuyaseer Abusaliya
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Chung Kil Won
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Biological Resources Research Group, Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kim
- Division of Animal Bioscience & Integrated Biotechnology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-2346
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32
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Kaina B, Beltzig L, Strik H. Temozolomide – Just a Radiosensitizer? Front Oncol 2022; 12:912821. [PMID: 35785203 PMCID: PMC9246413 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.912821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation concomitant with the DNA methylating drug temozolomide (TMZ) is the gold standard in the treatment of glioblastoma. In this adjuvant setting, TMZ is regarded to be a radiation sensitizer. However, similar to ionising radiation, TMZ induces DNA double-strand breaks and is itself a potent trigger of apoptosis, cellular senescence and autophagy, suggesting that radiation and TMZ act independently. Although cell culture experiments yielded heterogeneous results, some data indicate that the cytotoxic effect of radiation was only enhanced when TMZ was given before radiation treatment. Based on the molecular mechanism of action of TMZ, the importance of specific TMZ and radiation-induced DNA lesions, their repair as well as their interactions, possible scenarios for an additive or synergistic effect of TMZ and radiation are discussed, and suggestions for an optimal timing of radio-chemical treatments are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Bernd Kaina,
| | - Lea Beltzig
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Herwig Strik
- Department of Neurology, Sozialstiftung, Bamberg, Germany
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33
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Schröder M, Petrova M, Vlahova Z, Dobrikov GM, Slavchev I, Pasheva E, Ugrinova I. In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Two Ferrocene-Containing Camphor Sulfonamides as Promising Agents against Lung Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061353. [PMID: 35740374 PMCID: PMC9219647 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful design of antitumour drugs often combines in one molecule different biologically active subunits that can affect various regulatory pathways in the cell and thus achieve higher efficacy. Two ferrocene derivatives, DK-164 and CC-78, with different residues were tested for cytotoxic potential on non-small lung cancer cell lines, A549 and H1299, and non-cancerous MRC5. DK-164 demonstrated remarkable selectivity toward cancer cells and more pronounced cytotoxicity against A549. The cytotoxicity of CC-78 toward H1299 was even higher than that of the well-established anticancer drugs cisplatin and tamoxifen, but it did not reveal any noticeable selective effect. DK-164 showed predominantly pro-apoptotic activity in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells, while CC-78 caused accidental cell death with features characteristic of necrosis. The level of induced autophagy was similar for both substances in cancer cells. DK-164 treatment of A549, H1299, and MRC5 cells for 48 h significantly increased the fluorescence signal of the NFkB (nuclear factor ‘kappa-light-chain-enhancer’ of activated B-cells) protein in the nucleus in all three cell lines, while CC-78 did not provoke NFkB translocation in any of the tested cell lines. Both compounds caused a significant transfer of the p53 protein in the nucleus of A549 cells but not in non-cancerous MRC5 cells. In A549, DK-164 generated oxidative stress close to the positive control after 48 h, while CC-78 had a moderate effect on the cellular redox status. In the non-cancerous cells, MRC5, both compounds produced ROS similar to the positive control for the same incubation period. The different results related to the cytotoxic potential of DK-164 and CC-78 associated with the examined cellular mechanisms induced in lung cancer cells might be used to conclude the specific functions of the various functional groups in the ferrocene compounds, which can offer new perspectives for the design of antitumour drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schröder
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Akad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str, bl 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.S.); (M.P.); (Z.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Maria Petrova
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Akad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str, bl 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.S.); (M.P.); (Z.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Zlatina Vlahova
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Akad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str, bl 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.S.); (M.P.); (Z.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Georgi M. Dobrikov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str, bl 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (G.M.D.); (I.S.)
| | - Ivaylo Slavchev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str, bl 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (G.M.D.); (I.S.)
| | - Evdokia Pasheva
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Akad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str, bl 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.S.); (M.P.); (Z.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Iva Ugrinova
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Akad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str, bl 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.S.); (M.P.); (Z.V.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-887-985-463
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Rahman M, Olson I, Mansour M, Carlstrom LP, Sutiwisesak R, Saber R, Rajani K, Warrington AE, Howard A, Schroeder M, Chen S, Decker PA, Sananikone EF, Zhu Y, Tchkonia T, Parney IF, Burma S, Brown D, Rodriguez M, Sarkaria JN, Kirkland JL, Burns TC. Selective Vulnerability of Senescent Glioblastoma Cells to BCL-XL Inhibition. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:938-948. [PMID: 35191501 PMCID: PMC9196639 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a rapidly fatal malignancy typically treated with radiation and temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating chemotherapeutic. These cytotoxic therapies cause oxidative stress and DNA damage, yielding a senescent-like state of replicative arrest in surviving tumor cells. Unfortunately, recurrence is inevitable and may be driven by surviving tumor cells eventually escaping senescence. A growing number of so-called "senolytic" drugs have been recently identified that are defined by their ability to selectively eliminate senescent cells. A growing inventory of senolytic drugs is under consideration for several diseases associated with aging, inflammation, DNA damage, as well as cancer. Ablation of senescent tumor cells after radiation and chemotherapy could help mitigate recurrence by decreasing the burden of residual tumor cells at risk of recurrence. This strategy has not been previously explored for GBM. We evaluated a panel of 10 previously described senolytic drugs to determine whether any could exhibit selective activity against human GBM persisting after exposure to radiation or TMZ. Three of the 10 drugs have known activity against BCL-XL and preferentially induced apoptosis in radiated or TMZ-treated glioma. This senolytic activity was observed in 12 of 12 human GBM cell lines. Efficacy could not be replicated with BCL-2 inhibition or senolytic agents acting against other putative senolytic targets. Knockdown of BCL-XL decreased survival of radiated GBM cells, whereas knockdown of BCL-2 or BCL-W yielded no senolytic effect. IMPLICATIONS These findings imply that molecularly heterogeneous GBM lines share selective senescence-induced BCL-XL dependency increase the significance and translational relevance of the senolytic therapy for latent glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masum Rahman
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ian Olson
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Moustafa Mansour
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Rujapope Sutiwisesak
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rehan Saber
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Karishma Rajani
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Adam Howard
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mark Schroeder
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Paul A. Decker
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Yi Zhu
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ian F. Parney
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sandeep Burma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Desmond Brown
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Moses Rodriguez
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - James L. Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Terry C. Burns
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Vilar JB, Christmann M, Tomicic MT. Alterations in Molecular Profiles Affecting Glioblastoma Resistance to Radiochemotherapy: Where Does the Good Go? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102416. [PMID: 35626024 PMCID: PMC9139489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is a type of brain cancer that remains incurable. Despite multiple past and ongoing preclinical studies and clinical trials, involving adjuvants to the conventional therapy and based on molecular targeting, no relevant benefit for patients’ survival has been achieved so far. The current first-line treatment regimen is based on ionizing radiation and the monoalkylating compound, temozolomide, and has been administered for more than 15 years. Glioblastoma is extremely resistant to most agents due to a mutational background that elicits quick response to insults and adapts to microenvironmental and metabolic changes. Here, we present the most recent evidence concerning the molecular features and their alterations governing pathways involved in GBM response to the standard radio-chemotherapy and discuss how they collaborate with acquired GBM’s resistance. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a brain tumor characterized by high heterogeneity, diffuse infiltration, aggressiveness, and formation of recurrences. Patients with this kind of tumor suffer from cognitive, emotional, and behavioral problems, beyond exhibiting dismal survival rates. Current treatment comprises surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with the methylating agent, temozolomide (TMZ). GBMs harbor intrinsic mutations involving major pathways that elicit the cells to evade cell death, adapt to the genotoxic stress, and regrow. Ionizing radiation and TMZ induce, for the most part, DNA damage repair, autophagy, stemness, and senescence, whereas only a small fraction of GBM cells undergoes treatment-induced apoptosis. Particularly upon TMZ exposure, most of the GBM cells undergo cellular senescence. Increased DNA repair attenuates the agent-induced cytotoxicity; autophagy functions as a pro-survival mechanism, protecting the cells from damage and facilitating the cells to have energy to grow. Stemness grants the cells capacity to repopulate the tumor, and senescence triggers an inflammatory microenvironment favorable to transformation. Here, we highlight this mutational background and its interference with the response to the standard radiochemotherapy. We discuss the most relevant and recent evidence obtained from the studies revealing the molecular mechanisms that lead these cells to be resistant and indicate some future perspectives on combating this incurable tumor.
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Beltzig L, Schwarzenbach C, Leukel P, Frauenknecht KBM, Sommer C, Tancredi A, Hegi ME, Christmann M, Kaina B. Senescence Is the Main Trait Induced by Temozolomide in Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2233. [PMID: 35565362 PMCID: PMC9102829 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
First-line drug in the treatment of glioblastoma, the most severe brain cancer, is temozolomide (TMZ), a DNA-methylating agent that induces the critical damage O6-methylguanine (O6MeG). This lesion is cytotoxic through the generation of mismatch repair-mediated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which trigger apoptotic pathways. Previously, we showed that O6MeG also induces cellular senescence (CSEN). Here, we show that TMZ-induced CSEN is a late response which has similar kinetics to apoptosis, but at a fourfold higher level. CSEN cells show a high amount of DSBs, which are located outside of telomeres, a high level of ROS and oxidized DNA damage (8-oxo-guanine), and sustained activation of the DNA damage response and histone methylation. Despite the presence of DSBs, CSEN cells are capable of repairing radiation-induced DSBs. Glioblastoma cells that acquired resistance to TMZ became simultaneously resistant to TMZ-induced CSEN. Using a Tet-On glioblastoma cell system, we show that upregulation of MGMT immediately after TMZ completely abrogated apoptosis and CSEN, while induction of MGMT long-term (>72 h) after TMZ did not reduce apoptosis and CSEN. Furthermore, upregulation of MGMT in the senescent cell population had no impact on the survival of senescent cells, indicating that O6MeG is required for induction, but not for maintenance of the senescent state. We further show that, in recurrent GBM specimens, a significantly higher level of DSBs and CSEN-associated histone H3K27me3 was observed than in the corresponding primary tumors. Overall, the data indicate that CSEN is a key node induced in GBM following chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Beltzig
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.B.); (C.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Christian Schwarzenbach
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.B.); (C.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Petra Leukel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.L.); (K.B.M.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Katrin B. M. Frauenknecht
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.L.); (K.B.M.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Clemens Sommer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.L.); (K.B.M.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Alessandro Tancredi
- Neuroscience Research Center and Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital, H-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (A.T.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Monika E. Hegi
- Neuroscience Research Center and Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital, H-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (A.T.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Markus Christmann
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.B.); (C.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.B.); (C.S.); (M.C.)
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Zhu Y, Chen Z, Kim SN, Gan C, Ryl T, Lesjak MS, Rodemerk J, Zhong RD, Wrede K, Dammann P, Sure U. Characterization of Temozolomide Resistance Using a Novel Acquired Resistance Model in Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092211. [PMID: 35565340 PMCID: PMC9101568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line drug for chemotherapy of GBM, the most aggressive and incurable brain tumor. Acquired chemoresistance is a hallmark that causes the poor prognosis of GBM. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms by using a proper model becomes emergent. Previous models usually take weeks/months and are often not fully representative of characteristics of TMZ resistance. We established an acute acquired TMZ resistance model using GBM cell lines with different genomic backgrounds. In response to TMZ, the resistant cells showed less susceptibility and sustained regrowth, high clonogenicity, reduced DNA damage accompanied by attenuated MMR, shortened G2/M arrest, uncontrolled DNA replication, and evasion of apoptosis. Moreover, these TMZ resistant cells presented stem cell properties that are critical for chemoresistance. Thus, our model recapitulates all key features of TMZ resistance and is believed to be a promising model to study the underlying mechanisms and define therapeutics for GBM in the future. Abstract Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first line of standard therapy in glioblastoma (GBM). However, relapse occurs due to TMZ resistance. We attempted to establish an acquired TMZ resistance model that recapitulates the TMZ resistance phenotype and the relevant gene signature. Two GBM cell lines received two cycles of TMZ (150 µM) treatment for 72 h each. Regrown cells (RG2) were defined as TMZ resistant cells. MTT assay revealed significantly less susceptibility and sustained growth of RG2 compared with parental cells after TMZ challenge. TMZ-induced DNA damage significantly decreased in 53BP1-foci reporter transduced-RG2 cells compared with parental cells, associated with downregulation of MSH2 and MSH6. Flow cytometry revealed reduced G2/M arrest, increased EdU incorporation and suppressed apoptosis in RG2 cells after TMZ treatment. Colony formation and neurosphere assay demonstrated enhanced clonogenicity and neurosphere formation capacity in RG2 cells, accompanied by upregulation of stem markers. Collectively, we established an acute TMZ resistance model that recapitulated key features of TMZ resistance involving impaired mismatch repair, redistribution of cell cycle phases, increased DNA replication, reduced apoptosis and enhanced self-renewal. Therefore, this model may serve as a promising research tool for studying mechanisms of TMZ resistance and for defining therapeutic approaches to GBM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0049-201-723-1231
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Su Na Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Chao Gan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
| | - Tatsiana Ryl
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
| | - Michaela Silvia Lesjak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
| | - Jan Rodemerk
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Rong De Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
| | - Karsten Wrede
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Tai SH, Lin YW, Huang TY, Chang CC, Chao LC, Wu TS, Lee EJ. Cinnamophilin enhances temozolomide-induced cytotoxicity against malignant glioma: the roles of ROS and cell cycle arrest. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:3906-3920. [PMID: 35116690 PMCID: PMC8798401 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Temozolomide (TMZ) has been widely used to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, many mechanisms are known to quickly adapt GBM cells to chemotherapy with TMZ, leading to drug resistance and expansion of tumor cell populations. Methods We subjected human glioblastoma cell lines and an animal model of glioblastoma xenografts with TMZ-based adjuvant treatments to evaluate the synergistic effect of cinnamophilin (CINN), a free radical scavenger. Results Our results showed that the combined treatment of CINN and TMZ potentiated the anticancer effect and apoptotic cell death in glioma cell lines and enhanced antitumor action in glioma xenografts. TMZ induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and elevated G2 arrest in glioma cells. The CINN-suppressed ROS burst in TMZ-treated glioma cells might be associated with increased apoptosis, as indicated by the upregulation of TUNEL-positive glioma cells. CINN-pretreated glioma cells exhibited increased cyclin B expression and reduced phosphorylation of Cdk1, suggesting reduced G2 arrest in the combined treatment group. Moreover, CINN lowered the protein level of LC3, a hallmark of autophagy, in TMZ-treated cells. Conclusions These findings suggest that CINN may restore TMZ toxicity in glioma cancer by suppressing the ROS/G2 arrest pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hang Tai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan.,Neurophysiology Laboratory and Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Yu-Wen Lin
- Neurophysiology Laboratory and Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Tung-Yi Huang
- Neurophysiology Laboratory and Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Che-Chao Chang
- Neurophysiology Laboratory and Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Liang-Chun Chao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan.,Neurophysiology Laboratory and Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - E-Jian Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan.,Neurophysiology Laboratory and Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
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Dong Q, Wang D, Li L, Wang J, Li Q, Duan L, Yin H, Wang X, Liu Y, Yuan G, Pan Y. Biochanin A Sensitizes Glioblastoma to Temozolomide by Inhibiting Autophagy. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1262-1272. [PMID: 34981417 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy is the main reason for treatment failure in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). In the present study, we investigated biochanin A (BCA) a potent sensitizer of TMZ in GBM. We observed that BCA significantly enhanced cell sensitivity to TMZ in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the specific chemosensitizing effect of BCA is mediated by autophagy inhibition. Moreover, by performing a molecular docking analysis, we demonstrated that BCA interacts with AMPK residues and impairs autophagy by regulating the AMPK/ULK1 pathway. These results suggest that BCA is a potential therapeutic agent that sensitizes GBM to TMZ and provide new insight into its therapeutic potential in chemoresistant GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Degui Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Lei Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yawen Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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Gil HS, Lee JH, Farag AK, Hassan AHE, Chung KS, Choi JH, Roh EJ, Lee KT. AKF-D52, a Synthetic Phenoxypyrimidine-Urea Derivative, Triggers Extrinsic/Intrinsic Apoptosis and Cytoprotective Autophagy in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225849. [PMID: 34831003 PMCID: PMC8616202 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We previously reported the antiproliferative effects of a phenoxypyridine urea derivative. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antiproliferative effects of 1-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-(3-methoxyphenoxy)-2-((4-morpholinophenyl)amino)pyrimidin-5-yl)urea (AKF-D52) in non-small cell lung cancer cells. We found that (i) AKF-D52 induces apoptosis in caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways; (ii) AKF-D52-induced apoptosis is caused by the clustering of a death-inducing signaling complex and mitochondrial-dependent signaling; (iii) AKF-D52 induces cytoprotective autophagy, and pre-treatment with an autophagy inhibitor enhances the apoptotic effect of AKF-D52; and (iv) AKF-D52-induced apoptosis and autophagy are attenuated by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger α-tocopherol. Furthermore, AKF-D52 suppressed tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Collectively, our findings regarding the efficacy and molecular mechanisms of AKF-D52 identify this compound as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of lung cancer. Abstract Previously, we discovered that 1-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-(3-methoxyphenoxy)-2-((4-morpholinophenyl)amino)pyrimidin-5-yl)urea (AKF-D52), a synthetic phenoxypyrimidine urea derivative, acts as a growth inhibitor of various cancer cell types. In this study, we elucidated the antiproliferative properties of AFK-D52 and underlying mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and an A549 xenograft animal model. AKF-D52 was found to induce both caspase-dependent and -independent apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, the mitochondrial component of the AKF-D52-induced apoptosis mechanism involves a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and regulation in B cell lymphoma-2 family protein expression. Moreover, AKF-D52 activates the extrinsic pathway through up-regulated expression of death receptor 3 and Fas and then the formation of a death-inducing signaling complex. AKF-D52 also induced autophagy by increasing acidic vesicular organelle formation and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3-II levels and reducing p62 levels. Notably, pretreatment with autophagy inhibitors enhanced AKF-D52-induced cell death, indicating that the induced autophagy is cytoprotective. AKF-D52 treatment also triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in NSCLC cells, whereas the antioxidant α-tocopherol abolished AKF-D52-induced cell death. In a xenograft lung cancer mouse model, AKF-D52 administration attenuated tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and autophagy in tumor tissues. Collectively, our data indicate that AKF-D52-induced ROS production plays a role in mediating apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Sun Gil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-S.G.); (J.-H.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-S.G.); (J.-H.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Ahmed K. Farag
- Manufacturing Department, Curachem, Inc., Cheongju-si 28161, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Ahmed H. E. Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-S.G.); (J.-H.L.); (K.-S.C.)
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Roh
- Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-S.G.); (J.-H.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-9610860; Fax: +82-2-9619580
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de Souza-Ferrari J, Silva-Júnior EA, Vale JA, de Albuquerque Simões LA, de Moraes-Júnior MO, Dantas BB, de Araújo DAM. A late-stage diversification via Heck-Matsuda arylation: Straightforward synthesis and cytotoxic/antiproliferative profiling of novel aryl-labdane-type derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 52:128393. [PMID: 34606997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the current study a late-stage diversification of unactivated olefins labd-8(17)-en-15-oic acid (1a) and methyl labd-8(17)-en-15-oate (1b) via Heck-Matsuda arylation is described. The reaction provided straightforward and practical access to a series of novel aryl-labdane-type derivatives (HM adducts 3a-h) in moderate to good yields in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner at room temperature under air atmosphere. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds was investigated in vitro against three different human cell lines (THP-1, K562, MCF-7). Of these, HM adduct 3h showed a selective effect in all cancer cell lines tested and was selected for extended biological investigations in a leukemia cell line (K562), which demonstrated that the cytotoxic/antiproliferative activity observed in this compound might be mediated by induction of cell cycle arrest at the sub-G1 phase and by autophagy-induced cell death. Taken together, these findings indicate that further investigation into the anticancer activity against chronic myeloid leukemia from aryl-labdane-type derivatives may be fruitful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jailton de Souza-Ferrari
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária, Campus I. CEP 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Edvaldo Alves Silva-Júnior
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária, Campus I. CEP 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Juliana Alves Vale
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária, Campus I. CEP 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Manoel Oliveira de Moraes-Júnior
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária, Campus I. CEP 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Bruna Braga Dantas
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária, Campus I. CEP 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Tresch NS, Fuchs D, Morandi L, Tonon C, Rohrer Bley C, Nytko KJ. Temozolomide is additive with cytotoxic effect of irradiation in canine glioma cell lines. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:2124-2134. [PMID: 34477324 PMCID: PMC8604143 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Similar to human glioblastoma patients, glial tumours in dogs have high treatment resistance and a guarded prognosis. In human medicine, the addition of temozolomide to radiotherapy leads to a favourable outcome in vivo as well as a higher antiproliferative effect on tumour cells in vitro. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to determine the radio- and temozolomide-sensitivity of three canine glial tumour cell lines and to investigate a potential additive cytotoxic effect in combined treatment. Additionally, we wanted to detect the level of MGMT promoter methylation in these cell lines and to investigate a potential association between MGMT promoter methylation and treatment resistance. METHODS Cells were treated with various concentrations of temozolomide and/or irradiated with 4 and 8 Gy. Radiosensitization by temozolomide was evaluated using proliferation assay and clonogenic assay, and MGMT DNA methylation was investigated using bisulfite next-generation sequencing. RESULTS In all tested canine cell lines, clonogenicity was inhibited significantly in combined treatment compared to radiation alone. All canine glial cell lines tested in this study were found to have high methylation levels of MGMT promoter. CONCLUSIONS Hence, an additive effect of combined treatment in MGMT negative canine glial tumour cell lines in vitro was detected. This motivates to further investigate the association between treatment resistance and MGMT, such as MGMT promoter methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Simona Tresch
- Division of Radiation OncologyVetsuisse Faculty University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies at the Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Daniel Fuchs
- Division of Radiation OncologyVetsuisse Faculty University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies at the Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Luca Morandi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging UnitIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Caterina Tonon
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging UnitIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Carla Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation OncologyVetsuisse Faculty University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies at the Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Katarzyna J. Nytko
- Division of Radiation OncologyVetsuisse Faculty University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies at the Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Fan Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Dong X, Gao P, Liu K, Ma C, Zhao G. Breaking Bad: Autophagy Tweaks the Interplay Between Glioma and the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:746621. [PMID: 34671362 PMCID: PMC8521049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.746621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Though significant strides in tumorigenic comprehension and therapy modality have been witnessed over the past decades, glioma remains one of the most common and malignant brain tumors characterized by recurrence, dismal prognosis, and therapy resistance. Immunotherapy advance holds promise in glioma recently. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy varies among individuals with glioma, which drives researchers to consider the modest levels of immunity in the central nervous system, as well as the immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Considering the highly conserved property for sustaining energy homeostasis in mammalian cells and repeatedly reported links in malignancy and drug resistance, autophagy is determined as a cutting angle to elucidate the relations between glioma and the TIME. In this review, heterogeneity of TIME in glioma is outlined along with the reciprocal impacts between them. In addition, controversies on whether autophagy behaves cytoprotectively or cytotoxically in cancers are covered. How autophagy collapses from its homeostasis and aids glioma malignancy, which may depend on the cell type and the cellular context such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, are briefly discussed. The consecutive application of autophagy inducers and inhibitors may improve the drug resistance in glioma after overtreatments. It also highlights that autophagy plays a pivotal part in modulating glioma and the TIME, respectively, and the intricate interactions among them. Specifically, autophagy is manipulated by either glioma or tumor-associated macrophages to conform one side to the other through exosomal microRNAs and thereby adjust the interactions. Given that some of the crosstalk between glioma and the TIME highly depend on the autophagy process or autophagic components, there are interconnections influenced by the status and well-being of cells presumably associated with autophagic flux. By updating the most recent knowledge concerning glioma and the TIME from an autophagic perspective enhances comprehension and inspires more applicable and effective strategies targeting TIME while harnessing autophagy collaboratively against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuechao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chengyuan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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El Touny LH, Hose C, Connelly J, Harris E, Monks A, Dull AB, Wilsker DF, Hollingshead MG, Gottholm-Ahalt M, Alcoser SY, Mullendore ME, Parchment RE, Doroshow JH, Teicher BA, Rapisarda A. ATR inhibition reverses the resistance of homologous recombination deficient MGMT low/MMR proficient cancer cells to temozolomide. Oncotarget 2021; 12:2114-2130. [PMID: 34676045 PMCID: PMC8522839 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of temozolomide (TMZ) is hindered by inherent and acquired resistance. Biomarkers such as MGMT expression and MMR proficiency are used as predictors of response. However, not all MGMTlow/-ve/MMRproficient patients benefit from TMZ treatment, indicating a need for additional patient selection criteria. We explored the role of ATR in mediating TMZ resistance and whether ATR inhibitors (ATRi) could reverse this resistance in multiple cancer lines. We observed that only 31% of MGMTlow/-ve/MMRproficient patient-derived and established cancer lines are sensitive to TMZ at clinically relevant concentrations. TMZ treatment resulted in DNA damage signaling in both sensitive and resistant lines, but prolonged G2/M arrest and cell death were exclusive to sensitive models. Inhibition of ATR but not ATM, sensitized the majority of resistant models to TMZ and resulted in measurable DNA damage and persistent growth inhibition. Also, compromised homologous recombination (HR) via RAD51 or BRCA1 loss only conferred sensitivity to TMZ when combined with an ATRi. Furthermore, low REV3L mRNA expression correlated with sensitivity to the TMZ and ATRi combination in vitro and in vivo. This suggests that HR defects and low REV3L levels could be useful selection criteria for enhanced clinical efficacy of an ATRi plus TMZ combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara H. El Touny
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
- Current address: Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Curtis Hose
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - John Connelly
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Erik Harris
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Anne Monks
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Angie B. Dull
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Deborah F. Wilsker
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael E. Mullendore
- In Vivo Evaluation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ralph E. Parchment
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - James H. Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Beverly A. Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, NCI, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Annamaria Rapisarda
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
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Stratenwerth B, Geisen SM, He Y, Beltzig L, Sturla SJ, Kaina B. Molecular Dosimetry of Temozolomide: Quantification of Critical Lesions, Correlation to Cell Death Responses, and Threshold Doses. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1789-1799. [PMID: 34253592 PMCID: PMC9398175 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is a DNA-methylating agent used in cancer chemotherapy, notably for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), where it is applied as a front-line drug. One of the DNA alkylation products of TMZ is the minor lesion O6 -methylguanine (O6 MeG), which is responsible for nearly all genotoxic, cytotoxic, and cytostatic effects induced in the low-dose range relevant for cancer therapy. Here, we addressed the question of how many O6 MeG adducts are required to elicit cytotoxic responses. Adduct quantification revealed that O6 MeG increases linearly with dose. The same was observed for DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and p53ser15. Regarding apoptosis, hockeystick modeling indicated a possible threshold for A172 cells at 2.5 μmol/L TMZ, whereas for LN229 cells no threshold was detected. Cellular senescence, which is the main cellular response, also increased linearly, without a threshold. Using a dose of 20 μmol/L, which is achievable in a therapeutic setting, we determined that 14,000 adducts give rise to 32 DSBs (γH2AX foci) in A172 cells. This leads to 12% cell death and 35% of cells entering senescence. In LN229 cells, 20 μmol/L TMZ induced 20,600 O6 MeG adducts, 66 DSBs (γH2AX foci), 24% apoptosis, and 52% senescence. The linear dose response and the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects observed at therapeutically relevant dose levels make it very likely that the TMZ target concentration triggers a significant cytotoxic and cytostatic effect in vivo Despite a linear increase in the O6 MeG adduct level, DSBs, and p53 activation, the low curative effect of TMZ results presumably from the low rate of apoptosis compared to senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Stratenwerth
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne M. Geisen
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yang He
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lea Beltzig
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shana J. Sturla
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Corresponding Author: Bernd Kaina, Institute of Toxicology, Medical Center of the University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, Mainz D-55131, Germany. E-mail:
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Franzese O, Torino F, Giannetti E, Cioccoloni G, Aquino A, Faraoni I, Fuggetta MP, De Vecchis L, Giuliani A, Kaina B, Bonmassar E. Abscopal Effect and Drug-Induced Xenogenization: A Strategic Alliance in Cancer Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910672. [PMID: 34639014 PMCID: PMC8509363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current state of cancer treatment is still far from being satisfactory considering the strong impairment of patients' quality of life and the high lethality of malignant diseases. Therefore, it is critical for innovative approaches to be tested in the near future. In view of the crucial role that is played by tumor immunity, the present review provides essential information on the immune-mediated effects potentially generated by the interplay between ionizing radiation and cytotoxic antitumor agents when interacting with target malignant cells. Therefore, the radiation-dependent abscopal effect (i.e., a biological effect of ionizing radiation that occurs outside the irradiated field), the influence of cancer chemotherapy on the antigenic pattern of target neoplastic cells, and the immunogenic cell death (ICD) caused by anticancer agents are the main topics of this presentation. It is widely accepted that tumor immunity plays a fundamental role in generating an abscopal effect and that anticancer drugs can profoundly influence not only the host immune responses, but also the immunogenic pattern of malignant cells. Remarkably, several anticancer drugs impact both the abscopal effect and ICD. In addition, certain classes of anticancer agents are able to amplify already expressed tumor-associated antigens (TAA). More importantly, other drugs, especially triazenes, induce the appearance of new tumor neoantigens (TNA), a phenomenon that we termed drug-induced xenogenization (DIX). The adoption of the abscopal effect is proposed as a potential therapeutic modality when properly applied concomitantly with drug-induced increase in tumor cell immunogenicity and ICD. Although little to no preclinical or clinical studies are presently available on this subject, we discuss this issue in terms of potential mechanisms and therapeutic benefits. Upcoming investigations are aimed at evaluating how chemical anticancer drugs, radiation, and immunotherapies are interacting and cooperate in evoking the abscopal effect, tumor xenogenization and ICD, paving the way for new and possibly successful approaches in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Franzese
- School of Medicine, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (O.F.); (G.C.); (A.A.); (I.F.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Francesco Torino
- Department of Systems Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.T.); (E.G.)
| | - Elisa Giannetti
- Department of Systems Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.T.); (E.G.)
| | - Giorgia Cioccoloni
- School of Medicine, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (O.F.); (G.C.); (A.A.); (I.F.); (L.D.V.)
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, UK
| | - Angelo Aquino
- School of Medicine, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (O.F.); (G.C.); (A.A.); (I.F.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Isabella Faraoni
- School of Medicine, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (O.F.); (G.C.); (A.A.); (I.F.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Maria Pia Fuggetta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.P.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Liana De Vecchis
- School of Medicine, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (O.F.); (G.C.); (A.A.); (I.F.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Anna Giuliani
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.P.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Enzo Bonmassar
- School of Medicine, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (O.F.); (G.C.); (A.A.); (I.F.); (L.D.V.)
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.P.F.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (E.B.)
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Zhang K, Wang Q, Zhao D, Liu Z. Circular RNA circMMP1 Contributes to the Progression of Glioma Through Regulating TGIF2 Expression by Sponging miR-195-5p. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:770-789. [PMID: 34471941 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is characterized by high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Circular RNA (circRNA) matrix metallopeptidase 1 (circMMP1, hsa_circ_0024108) was reported to be increased in glioma. This study is designed to explore the role and mechanism of circMMP1 in glioma progression. CircMMP1, linear MMP1, microRNA-195-5p (miR-195-5p), and transforming growth factor-beta-induced 2 (TGIF2) level were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The protein levels of TGIF2, Beclin1, and p62 were examined by Western blot assay. Colony number, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were detected by Colony formation, transwell, and flow cytometry assays, severally. The binding relationship between miR-195-5p and circMMP1 or TGIF2 was predicted by starbase or Targetscan and then verified by a dual-luciferase reporter and RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. The biological role of circMMP1 on glioma cell growth was examined by the xenograft tumor model in vivo. CircMMP1 and TGIF2 expression were upregulated, and miR-195-5p expression was downregulated in glioma tissues and cells. And the knockdown of circMMP1 could block colony formation, migration, and invasion and expedite apoptosis and autophagy in glioma cells. The mechanical analysis discovered that circMMP1 acted as a sponge of miR-195-5p to regulate TGIF2 expression. CircMMP1 knockdown suppressed cell growth of glioma in vivo. CircMMP1 boosted glioma progression partly by targeting the miR-195-5p/TGIF2 axis, suggesting a promising circRNA-targeted therapy for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dehao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baoshan People's Hospital, Baoshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanyang Second General Hospital, No. 66 Jianshe East Road, Nanyang City, 473012, Henan Province, China.
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Zhang X, Deibert CP, Kim WJ, Jaman E, Rao AV, Lotze MT, Amankulor NM. Autophagy inhibition is the next step in the treatment of glioblastoma patients following the Stupp era. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:971-983. [PMID: 32759988 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
It has now been nearly 15 years since the last major advance in the treatment of patients with glioma. "The addition of temozolomide to radiotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma resulted in a clinically meaningful and statistically significant survival benefit with minimal additional toxicity". Autophagy is primarily a survival pathway, literally self-eating, that is utilized in response to stress (such as radiation and chemotherapy), enabling clearance of effete protein aggregates and multimolecular assemblies. Promising results have been observed in patients with glioma for over a decade now when autophagy inhibition with chloroquine derivatives coupled with conventional therapy. The application of autophagy inhibitors, the role of immune cell-induced autophagy, and the potential role of novel cellular and gene therapies, should now be considered for development as part of this well-established regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christopher P Deibert
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wi-Jin Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emade Jaman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aparna V Rao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nduka M Amankulor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Wu W, Klockow JL, Zhang M, Lafortune F, Chang E, Jin L, Wu Y, Daldrup-Link HE. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): An overview of current therapies and mechanisms of resistance. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105780. [PMID: 34302977 PMCID: PMC8384724 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a WHO grade IV glioma and the most common malignant, primary brain tumor with a 5-year survival of 7.2%. Its highly infiltrative nature, genetic heterogeneity, and protection by the blood brain barrier (BBB) have posed great treatment challenges. The standard treatment for GBMs is surgical resection followed by chemoradiotherapy. The robust DNA repair and self-renewing capabilities of glioblastoma cells and glioma initiating cells (GICs), respectively, promote resistance against all current treatment modalities. Thus, durable GBM management will require the invention of innovative treatment strategies. In this review, we will describe biological and molecular targets for GBM therapy, the current status of pharmacologic therapy, prominent mechanisms of resistance, and new treatment approaches. To date, medical imaging is primarily used to determine the location, size and macroscopic morphology of GBM before, during, and after therapy. In the future, molecular and cellular imaging approaches will more dynamically monitor the expression of molecular targets and/or immune responses in the tumor, thereby enabling more immediate adaptation of tumor-tailored, targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jessica L Klockow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Famyrah Lafortune
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edwin Chang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Linchun Jin
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Bayern 81675, Germany
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Adaptor Protein Complex 1 Sigma 3 Is Highly Expressed in Glioma and Could Enhance Its Progression. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5086236. [PMID: 34367317 PMCID: PMC8346305 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5086236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Glioma is the widely occurring deadly neoplasm induced by glial cell canceration in the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. The function of AP1S3 is special in numerous diseases, but its exact role in glioma remains unknown. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was performed at the beginning. Based on TCGA database, differentially expressed genes were obtained. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis is performed by STRING. The annotation, visualization, and synthesis (DAVID) discovery database program was used for gene ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. The Kaplan-Meier curve was plotted to determine the prognostic value of AP1S3 Also, in vitro experiments were conducted in our research. Results 4370 differentially expressed genes were identified. 215 key genes were screened by protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis; AP1S3 had a higher degree. The top five enriched pathways related to AP1S3 contain protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), extracellular matrix receptor (ECM receptor) interaction, focal adhesion, advanced glycation end product (AGE) receptor for AGE (RAGE) signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and mRNA surveillance pathway. Additionally, the AP1S3 level was dramatically upregulated in glioblastoma (GBM) samples, but greatly reduced in low-grade glioma (LGG) samples when compared to that in normal tissues. The Kaplan-Meier curve data showed that AP1S3 was closely related to the disease-free survival (DFS) of glioma. Our data suggested that the expression of AP1S3 was increased in glioma in comparison with normal tissues, in line with the data of clinical samples. What was more, our data demonstrated that the reduction of AP1S3 in glioma cells could result in the inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Conclusion Collectively, our results implied that AP1S3 was a promising biomarker of glioma diagnosis and displayed as an oncogene in glioma.
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