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Jaganathan R, Kumaradhas P. Structural insights into Furin enzyme inhibition to block SARS-CoV-2 spike protein cleavage: an in-silico approach. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:213. [PMID: 39193012 PMCID: PMC11345345 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the binding affinity and interactions of the Furin enzyme with two inhibitors, Naphthofluorescein and decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethylketone (CMK), using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Molecular docking results showed binding affinities of - 9.18 kcal/mol for CMK and - 5.39 kcal/mol for Naphthofluorescein. To further understand the stability and conformational changes of these complexes, MD simulations were performed. Despite CMK's favorable docking score, MD simulations revealed that its binding interactions at the Furin-active site were unstable, with significant changes observed during the simulation. In contrast, Naphthofluorescein maintained strong and stable interactions throughout the MD simulation, as confirmed by RMSD and RMSF analyses. The binding-free-energy analysis also supported the stability of Naphthofluorescein. These findings indicate that Naphthofluorescein exhibits greater stability and binding affinity as a Furin inhibitor compared to CMK. The results of this in-silico study suggest that Naphthofluorescein, along with CMK, holds the potential for repurposing as a treatment for COVID-19, subject to further validation through clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Jaganathan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602 105 India
| | - Poomani Kumaradhas
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011 India
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Qiu L, Xu H, Sui B, Jiang P, Wang J, Xu D, Liang F, Ma T, Wang H, Chen J. Elucidating the Functional Mechanism of PTK7 in Cancer Development through Spatial Assembly Analysis Using Super Resolution Imaging. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7669-7678. [PMID: 38708542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase-7 (PTK7) has been reported as a vital participant in the Wnt signaling pathway, influencing tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, their specific roles in the mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression remain elusive. Here, using direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with aptamer-probe labeling, we first revealed that a weakening clustering distribution of PTK7 on the basal membranes happened as cellular migration increased during cancer progression. This correspondence was further supported by a diminished aggregated state of PTK7 caused by direct enhancement of cell migration. By comparing the alterations in PTK7 distribution with activation or inhibition of specific Wnt signaling pathway, we speculated that PTK7 could modulate cell migration by participating in the interplay between canonical Wnt (in MCF7 cells) and noncanonical Wnt signals (in MDA-MB-231 cells). Furthermore, we discovered that the spatial distribution morphology of PTK7 was also subject to the hydrolysis ability and activation state of the related hydrolase Matrix metallopeptidase14 (MMP14). This function-related specific assembly of PTK7 reveals a clear relationship between PTK7 and cancer. Meanwhile, potential molecular interactions predicted by the apparent assembly morphology can promote a deep understanding of the functional mechanism of PTK7 in cancer progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Qiu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Haijiao Xu
- Research Center of Biomembranomics, State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Binglin Sui
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Pengwei Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Feng Liang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Tao Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- Research Center of Biomembranomics, State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Junling Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
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Li J, Huang G. Insulin receptor alternative splicing in breast and prostate cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:62. [PMID: 38331804 PMCID: PMC10851471 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer etiology represents an intricate, multifactorial orchestration where metabolically associated insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and insulin foster cellular proliferation and growth throughout tumorigenesis. The insulin receptor (IR) exhibits two splice variants arising from alternative mRNA processing, namely IR-A, and IR-B, with remarkable distribution and biological effects disparities. This insightful review elucidates the structural intricacies, widespread distribution, and functional significance of IR-A and IR-B. Additionally, it explores the regulatory mechanisms governing alternative splicing processes, intricate signal transduction pathways, and the intricate association linking IR-A and IR-B splicing variants to breast and prostate cancer tumorigenesis. Breast cancer and prostate cancer are the most common malignant tumors with the highest incidence rates among women and men, respectively. These findings provide a promising theoretical framework for advancing preventive strategies, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic interventions targeting breast and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Gena Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China.
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Al‐kuraishy HM, Al‐Maiahy TJ, Al‐Gareeb AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Saad HM, Batiha GE. The possible role furin and furin inhibitors in endometrial adenocarcinoma: A narrative review. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e1920. [PMID: 38018319 PMCID: PMC10809206 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a malignant tumor of the endometrium. EAC is the most common female malignancy following the menopause period. About 40% of patients with EAC are linked with obesity and interrelated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and high circulating estrogen levels. Proprotein convertase (PC) furin was involved in the progression of EAC. RECENT FINDINGS Furin is a protease enzyme belonging to the subtilisin PC family called PC subtilisin/kexin type 3 that converts precursor proteins to biologically active forms and products. Aberrant activation of furin promotes abnormal cell proliferation and the development of cancer. Furin promotes angiogenesis, malignant cell proliferation, and tissue invasion by malignant cells through its pro-metastatic and oncogenic activities. Furin activity is correlated with the malignant proliferation of EAC. Higher expression of furin may increase the development of EAC through overexpression of pro-renin receptors and disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17). As well, inflammatory signaling in EAC promotes the expression of furin with further propagation of malignant transformation. CONCLUSION Furin is associated with the development and progression of EAC through the induction of proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of malignant cells of EAC. Furin induces ontogenesis in EAC through activation expression of ADAM17, pro-renin receptor, CD109, and TGF-β. As well, EAC-mediated inflammation promotes the expression of furin with further propagation of neoplastic growth and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al‐kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and MedicineCollege of Medicine, Mustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Thabat J. Al‐Maiahy
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsCollege of Medicine, Mustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali I. Al‐Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and MedicineCollege of Medicine, Mustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research & DevelopmentChandigarh University, Chandigarh‐Ludhiana HighwayMohaliPunjabIndia
- Department of Research & DevelopmentFunogenAthensGreece
- Department of Research & DevelopmentAFNP MedWienAustria
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery IIUniversity Hospital Witten‐Herdecke, University of Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of PathologyFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh UniversityMatrouhEgypt
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour UniversityDamanhourAlBeheiraEgypt
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Panagiotopoulos AA, Konstantinou E, Pirintsos SA, Castanas E, Kampa M. Mining the ZINC database of natural products for specific, testosterone-like, OXER1 antagonists. Steroids 2023; 199:109309. [PMID: 37696380 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
OXER1, the receptor for the oxidized arachidonic acid metabolite 5-oxo-ETE has been reported to play a significant role in inflammatory responses, being responsible for leucocyte chemotactic responses. Recently, we have identified OXER1 (GPR170) as a membrane receptor for androgens in prostate and breast cancer cells. Testosterone action via OXER1 induces specific Ca2+ release from intracellular organelles, modifies polymerized actin distribution induces apoptosis and decreases cancer cell migration. These actions are antagonized by 5-oxo-ETE. In addition, 5-oxo-ETE through a Gαi protein decreases cAMP, an action antagonized by testosterone. In this work, we mined the ZINC15 database, using QSAR, for natural compounds able to signal through Gαi and Gβγ simultaneously, mimicking testosterone actions, as well as for specific Gβγ interactors, inhibiting 5-oxo-ETE tumor promoting actions. We were able to identify four druggable Gαβγ and seven Gβγ specific OXER1 interactors. We further confirmed by bio-informatic methods their binding to the 5-oxo-ETE/testosterone binding groove of the receptor, their ADME properties and their possible interaction with other receptor and/or enzyme targets. Two compounds, ZINC04017374 (Naphthofluorescein) and ZINC08589130 (Puertogaline A) were purchased, tested in vitro and confirmed their OXER1 Gβγ and Gαβγ activity, respectively. The methodology followed is useful for a better understanding of the mechanism by which OXER1 mediates its actions, it has the potential to provide structural insights, in order to design small molecular specific interactors and ultimately design new anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents. Finally, the methodology may also be useful for identifying specific agonists/antagonists of other GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evangelia Konstantinou
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stergios A Pirintsos
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Botanical Garden, University of Crete, Rethymnon, Greece
| | - Elias Castanas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Marilena Kampa
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece.
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Tanaka N, Sakamoto T. Mint3 as a Potential Target for Cooling Down HIF-1α-Mediated Inflammation and Cancer Aggressiveness. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020549. [PMID: 36831085 PMCID: PMC9953510 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in cells adapting to a low-oxygen environment by facilitating a switch from oxygen-dependent ATP production to glycolysis. Mediated by membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) expression, Munc-18-1 interacting protein 3 (Mint3) binds to the factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1) and inhibits its suppressive effect, leading to HIF-1α activation. Defects in Mint3 generally lead to improved acute inflammation, which is regulated by HIF-1α and subsequent glycolysis, as well as the suppression of the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells directly through its expression in cancer cells and indirectly through its expression in macrophages or fibroblasts associated with cancer. Mint3 in inflammatory monocytes enhances the chemotaxis into metastatic sites and the production of vascular endothelial growth factors, which leads to the expression of E-selectin at the metastatic sites and the extravasation of cancer cells. Fibroblasts express L1 cell adhesion molecules in a Mint3-dependent manner and enhance integrin-mediated cancer progression. In pancreatic cancer cells, Mint3 directly promotes cancer progression. Naphthofluorescein, a Mint3 inhibitor, can disrupt the interaction between FIH-1 and Mint3 and potently suppress Mint3-mediated inflammation, cancer progression, and metastasis without causing marked adverse effects. In this review, we will introduce the potential of Mint3 as a therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases and cancers.
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Abu El-Asrar AM, Nawaz MI, Ahmad A, Siddiquei MM, Allegaert E, Gikandi PW, De Hertogh G, Opdenakker G. Proprotein convertase furin is a driver and potential therapeutic target in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 50:632-652. [PMID: 35322530 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Furin converts inactive proproteins into bioactive forms. By activating proinflammatory and proangiogenic factors, furin might play a role in pathophysiology of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS We studied vitreous samples from PDR and nondiabetic patients, epiretinal membranes from PDR patients, retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs), retinal Müller cells and rat retinas by ELISA, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence microscopy. We performed in vitro angiogenesis assays and assessed adherence of monocytes to HRMECs. RESULTS Furin levels were significantly increased in PDR vitreous samples. In epiretinal membranes, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed furin expression in monocytes/macrophages, vascular endothelial cells and myofibroblasts. Furin was significantly upregulated in diabetic rat retinas. Hypoxia and TNF-α induced significant upregulation of furin in Müller cells and HRMECs. Furin induced upregulation of phospho-ERK1/2, p65 subunit of NF-κB, ADAM17 and MCP-1 in cultured Müller cells and phospho-ERK1/2 in cultured HRMECs and induced HRMECs migration. Treatment of monocytes with furin significantly increased their adhesion to HRMECs. Intravitreal administration of furin in normal rats induced significant upregulation of p65 subunit of NF-κB, phospho-ERK1/2 and ICAM-1 in the retina. Inhibition of furin with dec-CMK significantly decreased levels of MCP-1 in culture medium of Müller cells and HRMECs and significantly attenuated TNF-α-induced upregulation of p65 subunit of NF-κB, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HRMECs. Dec-CMK significantly decreased adherence of monocytes to HRMECs and TNF-α-induced upregulation of adherence of monocytes to HRMECs. Treatment of HRMECs with dec-CMK significantly attenuated migration of HRMECs. CONCLUSIONS Furin is a potential driver molecule of PDR-associated inflammation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd I Nawaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M Siddiquei
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eef Allegaert
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,University Hospitals UZ Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Priscilla W Gikandi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,University Hospitals UZ Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- University Hospitals UZ Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.,Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Transplantation, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Lee SN, Yoon JH. The Role of Proprotein Convertases in Upper Airway Remodeling. Mol Cells 2022; 45:353-361. [PMID: 35611689 PMCID: PMC9200660 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial, heterogeneous disease characterized by persistent inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa and tissue remodeling, which can include basal/progenitor cell hyperplasia, goblet cell hyperplasia, squamous cell metaplasia, loss or dysfunction of ciliated cells, and increased matrix deposition. Repeated injuries can stimulate airway epithelial cells to produce inflammatory mediators that activate epithelial cells, immune cells, or the epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit. This persistent inflammation can consequently induce aberrant tissue remodeling. However, the molecular mechanisms driving disease within the different molecular CRS subtypes remain inadequately characterized. Numerous secreted and cell surface proteins relevant to airway inflammation and remodeling are initially synthesized as inactive precursor proteins, including growth/differentiation factors and their associated receptors, enzymes, adhesion molecules, neuropeptides, and peptide hormones. Therefore, these precursor proteins require post-translational cleavage by proprotein convertases (PCs) to become fully functional. In this review, we summarize the roles of PCs in CRS-associated tissue remodeling and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting PCs for CRS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Nam Lee
- The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Joo-Heon Yoon
- The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Ding L, Liang X. Ras related GTP binding D promotes aerobic glycolysis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Hepatol 2022; 23:100307. [PMID: 33434687 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2021.100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Warburg effect is attracting increasing attention as it is important for cancer progression. However, how cancer cells regulate glucose metabolism through glycolysis is still unknown. Here, we demonstrated the regulatory role of Ras related GTP binding D (RRAGD) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. PATIENTS OR MATERIALS AND METHODS Kaplan-Meier's analysis was used to analyze the correlation between RRAGD expression levels and prognosis of HCC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Two stable RRAGD knockdown HCC cell lines were created using shRNAs to investigate cancer progression and aerobic glycolysis. Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were performed to detect the expression levels of RRAGD and MYC. RESULTS RRAGD expression was elevated in HCC patients with poor prognosis. RRAGD knockdown could inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of Huh-7 and HepG2 cells. Interestingly, silence RRAGD was able to reduce the glucose uptake, lactate production and extracellular acidification rate of HCC. RRAGD expression level was up-regulated by oncogene MYC in HCC cells. CONCLUSION This study highlights RRAGD as an important cancer-promoting factor for cancer progression and aerobic glycolysis, and thereby it is a potential therapeutic target for HCC intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Ding
- The First Department of Pu Wai, Xinhua West Road Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei, China
| | - Xuezheng Liang
- Emergency Department, Xinhua West Road Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei, China.
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Therapeutic anti-glioma effect of the combined action of PCSK inhibitor with the anti-tumoral factors secreted by Poly (I:C)-stimulated macrophages. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:22-36. [PMID: 33402730 PMCID: PMC8761570 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages plasticity is a key feature in cancer progression. Neoplastic cells can alter their immune functions and orient them into a pro-tumoral phenotype. In this context, we developed a new therapeutic strategy to switch macrophages phenotype and reactivate their anti-tumoral functions. We showed a dual activity of a proprotein convertases inhibitor as anti-glioma drug and anti-tumoral macrophages' reactivation drug. Proprotein convertases are proteases that cleave proteins into functional proteins. Several of their substrates are involved in tumorigenesis and immunosuppression. We combine here proprotein convertases inhibitor with Poly (I:C), a TLR3 ligand, to increase the anti-tumoral activity of macrophages. With mass spectrometry-based proteomics, system biology, combined with biological assays, we established that a stimulation of macrophages with Poly (I:C) increased their secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-tumoral factors. 3D invasion assay showed the efficacy of these anti-tumoral factors against mixed glioma cells and macrophages spheroids. Besides, immunofluorescence and proliferation assays showed an additive effect of the proprotein convertases inhibitor and the anti-tumoral factors secreted by Poly (I:C)-treated macrophages on both anti-glioma activity and macrophages anti-tumoral orientation directly in tumor microenvironment, leading to an innovative glioma therapy.
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Pharmacological inhibition of Mint3 attenuates tumour growth, metastasis, and endotoxic shock. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1165. [PMID: 34621018 PMCID: PMC8497560 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) plays essential roles in human diseases, though its central role in oxygen homoeostasis hinders the development of direct HIF-1-targeted pharmacological approaches. Here, we surveyed small-molecule compounds that efficiently inhibit the transcriptional activity of HIF-1 without affecting body homoeostasis. We focused on Mint3, which activates HIF-1 transcriptional activity in limited types of cells, such as cancer cells and macrophages, by suppressing the factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1). We identified naphthofluorescein, which inhibited the Mint3–FIH-1 interaction in vitro and suppressed Mint3-dependent HIF-1 activity and glycolysis in cancer cells and macrophages without evidence of cytotoxicity in vitro. In vivo naphthofluorescein administration suppressed tumour growth and metastasis without adverse effects, similar to the genetic depletion of Mint3. Naphthofluorescein attenuated inflammatory cytokine production and endotoxic shock in mice. Thus, Mint3 inhibitors may present a new targeted therapeutic option for cancer and inflammatory diseases by avoiding severe adverse effects. Sakomoto et al. identify naphthofluorescein as a mint3 inhibitor that disrupts the Mint3–FIH-1 interaction and attenuates HIF-1 activity. In vivo experiments in mice reveal a reduction in tumor growth with attenuated inflammatory cytokine production and endotoxic shock, presenting an option for targeted therapies for cancer and inflammatory diseases that avoid severe adverse effects.
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12
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Akerman AW, Collins EN, Peterson AR, Collins LB, Harrison JK, DeVaughn A, Townsend JM, Vanbuskirk RL, Riopedre‐Maqueira J, Reyes A, Oh JE, Raybuck CM, Jones JA, Ikonomidis JS. miR-133a Replacement Attenuates Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019862. [PMID: 34387094 PMCID: PMC8475064 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) occur because of abnormal remodeling of aortic extracellular matrix and are accompanied by the emergence of proteolytically active myofibroblasts. The microRNA miR-133a regulates cellular phenotypes and is reduced in clinical TAA specimens. This study tested the hypothesis that miR-133a modulates aortic fibroblast phenotype, and overexpression by lentivirus attenuates the development of TAA in a murine model. Methods and Results TAA was induced in mice. Copy number of miR-133a was reduced in TAA tissue and linear regression analysis confirmed an inverse correlation between aortic diameter and miR-133a. Analyses of phenotypic markers revealed an mRNA expression profile consistent with myofibroblasts in TAA tissue. Fibroblasts were isolated from the thoracic aortae of mice with/without TAA. When compared with controls, miR-133a was reduced, migration was increased, adhesion was reduced, and the ability to contract a collagen disk was increased. Overexpression/knockdown of miR-133a controlled these phenotypes. After TAA induction in mice, a single tail-vein injection of either miR-133a overexpression or scrambled sequence (control) lentivirus was performed. Overexpression of miR-133a attenuated TAA development. The pro-protein convertase furin was confirmed to be a target of miR-133a by luciferase reporter assay. Furin was elevated in this murine model of TAA and repressed by miR-133a replacement in vivo resulting in reduced proteolytic activation. Conclusions miR-133a regulates aortic fibroblast phenotype and over-expression prevented the development of TAA in a murine model. These findings suggest that stable alterations in aortic fibroblasts are associated with development of TAA and regulation by miR-133a may lead to a novel therapeutic strategy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/prevention & control
- Calcium Chloride
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Furin/genetics
- Furin/metabolism
- Genetic Therapy
- Genetic Vectors
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Vascular Remodeling
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W. Akerman
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
| | - Elizabeth N. Collins
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
| | - Andrew R. Peterson
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
| | - Lauren B. Collins
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
| | - Jessica K. Harrison
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
| | - Amari DeVaughn
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
| | - Jaleel M. Townsend
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
| | - Rebecca L. Vanbuskirk
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
| | | | - Ailet Reyes
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
| | - Joyce E. Oh
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
| | - Charles M. Raybuck
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
| | - Jeffrey A. Jones
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC
- Research ServiceRalph H. Johnson VA Medical CenterCharlestonSC
| | - John S. Ikonomidis
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
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14
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Zhou B, Gao S. Pan-Cancer Analysis of FURIN as a Potential Prognostic and Immunological Biomarker. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:648402. [PMID: 33968987 PMCID: PMC8100462 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.648402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Furin is a calcium-dependent protease that processes various precursor proteins through diverse secretory pathways. The deregulation of FURIN correlated with the prognosis of patients in numerous diseases. However, the role of FURIN in human pan-cancer is still largely unknown. Methods Multiple bioinformatic methods were employed to comprehensively analyze the correlation of FURIN expression with prognosis, mismatch repair (MMR), microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutational burden (TMB), DNA methylation, tumor immune infiltration, and common immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) from the public database, and aim to evaluate the potential prognostic value of FURIN across cancers. Results FURIN was aberrantly expressed and was strongly correlated with MMR, MSI, TMB, and DNA methylation in multiple types of cancer. Moreover, survival analysis across cancers revealed that FURIN expression was correlated with overall survival (OS) in four cancers, disease-specific survival (DSS) in five cancers, progression-free interval (PFI) in seven cancers, and disease-free interval (DFI) in two cancers. Also, FURIN expression was related to immune cell infiltration in 6 cancers and ImmuneScore/StromalScore in 10 cancers, respectively. In addition, FURIN expression also showed strong association between expression levels and immune checkpoint markers in three cancers. Conclusion FURIN can serve as a significant prognostic biomarker and correlate with tumor immunity in human pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Zhou
- Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shugeng Gao
- Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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15
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Cheng YW, Chao TL, Li CL, Chiu MF, Kao HC, Wang SH, Pang YH, Lin CH, Tsai YM, Lee WH, Tao MH, Ho TC, Wu PY, Jang LT, Chen PJ, Chang SY, Yeh SH. Furin Inhibitors Block SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Cleavage to Suppress Virus Production and Cytopathic Effects. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108254. [PMID: 33007239 PMCID: PMC7510585 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of specific antiviral agents is an urgent unmet need for SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study focuses on host proteases that proteolytically activate the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, critical for its fusion after binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as antiviral targets. We first validate cleavage at a putative furin substrate motif at SARS-CoV-2 spikes by expressing it in VeroE6 cells and find prominent syncytium formation. Cleavage and the syncytium are abolished by treatment with the furin inhibitors decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethylketone (CMK) and naphthofluorescein, but not by the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) inhibitor camostat. CMK and naphthofluorescein show antiviral effects on SARS-CoV-2-infected cells by decreasing virus production and cytopathic effects. Further analysis reveals that, similar to camostat, CMK blocks virus entry, but it further suppresses cleavage of spikes and the syncytium. Naphthofluorescein acts primarily by suppressing viral RNA transcription. Therefore, furin inhibitors may be promising antiviral agents for prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The furin cleavage site in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mediates syncytium formation The SARS-CoV-2 spike-mediated syncytium is suppressed by specific furin inhibitors Furin inhibitors block SARS-CoV-2 virus entry and virus replication Furin inhibitors are potential antiviral agents for SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Chao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Ling Li
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Fan Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Kao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Han Wang
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hao Pang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hau Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ching Ho
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yi Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Jang
- Biomedical Resource Core at the First Core Labs, Branch Office of Research and Development, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Shiou-Hwei Yeh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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16
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Hu D, Zhang B, Yu M, Shi W, Zhang L. Identification of prognostic biomarkers and drug target prediction for colon cancer according to a competitive endogenous RNA network. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:620-632. [PMID: 32468035 PMCID: PMC7339803 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the commoner digestive tract malignant tumor types, and its incidence and mortality rate are high. Accumulating evidence indicates that long‑chain non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and protein‑coding RNAs interact with each other by competing with the same micro(mi)RNA response element (MREs) and serve an important role in the regulation of gene expression in a variety of tumor types. However, the regulatory mechanism and prognostic role of lncRNA‑mediated competing endogenous (ce)RNA networks in colon cancer have yet to be elucidated. The expression profiles of mRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs from 471 colon cancer and 41 paracancerous tissue samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. A lncRNA‑miRNA‑mRNA ceRNA network in colon cancer was constructed and comprised 17 hub lncRNAs, 87 hub miRNA and 144 hub mRNAs. The topological properties of the network were analyzed, and the random walk algorithm was used to identify the nodes significantly associated with colon cancer. Survival analysis using the UALCAN database indicated that 2/17 lncRNAs identified [metastasis‑associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript (MALAT1) and maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3)] and 5/144 mRNAs [FES upstream region (FURIN), nuclear factor of activated T‑cells 5 (NFAT5), RNA Binding Motif Protein 12B (RBM12B), Ras related GTP binding A (RRAGA) and WD repeat domain phosphoinositide‑interacting protein 2 (WIPI2)] were significantly associated with the overall survival of patients with colon cancer, and may therefore be used as potential prognostic biomarkers of colon cancer. According to extracted lncRNA‑miRNA‑mRNA interaction pairs, the GSE26334 dataset was used to confirm that the lncRNA MALAT1/miR‑129‑5p/NFAT5 axis may represent a novel regulatory mechanism concerning the progression of colon cancer. The clusterProfiler package was used to analyze Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in colon cancer. Finally, drugs that significantly interact with the core genes identified in colon cancer were predicted using a hypergeometric test. Of these, fostamatinib was identified to be a targeted drug for colon cancer therapy. The present findings provide a novel perspective for improved understanding of the lncRNA‑associated ceRNA network and may facilitate the development of novel targeted therapeutics in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojun Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Chongming Branch, Shanghai 202150, P.R. China
| | - Boke Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Chongming Branch, Shanghai 202150, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Shi
- Department of Gynecology, Pius‑Hospital of University Medicine Oldenburg, D‑26121 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Chongming Branch, Shanghai 202150, P.R. China
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17
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Rose M, Duhamel M, Aboulouard S, Kobeissy F, Le Rhun E, Desmons A, Tierny D, Fournier I, Rodet F, Salzet M. The Role of a Proprotein Convertase Inhibitor in Reactivation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Inhibition of Glioma Growth. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 17:31-46. [PMID: 32300641 PMCID: PMC7152595 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumors are characterized by the presence of malignant and non-malignant cells, such as immune cells including macrophages, which are preponderant. Macrophages impact the efficacy of chemotherapy and may lead to drug resistance. In this context and based on our previous work, we investigated the ability to reactivate macrophages by using a proprotein convertases inhibitor. Proprotein convertases process immature proteins into functional proteins, with several of them having a role in immune cell activation and tumorigenesis. Macrophages were treated with a peptidomimetic inhibitor targeting furin, PC1/3, PC4, PACE4, and PC5/6. Their anti-glioma activity was analyzed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics and viability assays in 2D and 3D in vitro cultures. Comparison with temozolomide, the drug used for glioma therapy, established that the inhibitor was more efficient for the reduction of cancer cell density. The inhibitor was also able to reactivate macrophages through the secretion of several immune factors with antitumor properties. Moreover, two proteins considered as good glioma patient survival indicators were also identified in 3D cultures treated with the inhibitor. Finally, we established that the proprotein convertases inhibitor has a dual role as an anti-glioma drug and anti-tumoral macrophage reactivation drug. This strategy could be used together with chemotherapy to increase therapy efficacy in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Rose
- Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), INSERM U1192, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.,Oncovet Clinical Research (OCR), SIRIC ONCOLille, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Marie Duhamel
- Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), INSERM U1192, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Soulaimane Aboulouard
- Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), INSERM U1192, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Emilie Le Rhun
- Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), INSERM U1192, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Annie Desmons
- Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), INSERM U1192, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Dominique Tierny
- Oncovet Clinical Research (OCR), SIRIC ONCOLille, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), INSERM U1192, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Franck Rodet
- Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), INSERM U1192, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Michel Salzet
- Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), INSERM U1192, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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18
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Chen C, Gupta P, Parashar D, Nair GG, George J, Geethadevi A, Wang W, Tsaih SW, Bradley W, Ramchandran R, Rader JS, Chaluvally-Raghavan P, Pradeep S. ERBB3-induced furin promotes the progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer via the IGF1R/STAT3 signaling axis. Oncogene 2020; 39:2921-2933. [PMID: 32029900 PMCID: PMC7346970 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
High-grade serous carcinoma, accounts for up to 70% of all ovarian cases. Furin, a proprotein convertase, is highly expressed in high-grade serous carcinoma of ovarian cancer patients, and its expression is even higher in tumor omentum than in normal omentum, the preferred site of ovarian cancer metastasis. The proteolytic actions of this cellular endoprotease helps the maturation of several important precursors of protein substrates and its levels increase the risk of several cancer. We show that furin activates the IGF1R/STAT3 signaling axis in ovarian cancer cells. Conversely, furin knockdown downregulated IGF1R-β and p-STAT3 (Tyr705) expression. Further, silencing furin reduced tumor cell migration and invasion in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Collectively, our findings show that furin can be an effective therapeutic target for ovarian cancer prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Prachi Gupta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Deepak Parashar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Gopakumar G Nair
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jasmine George
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Anjali Geethadevi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Metrohealth Medical Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shirng-Wern Tsaih
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - William Bradley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Janet S Rader
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Pradeep Chaluvally-Raghavan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Sunila Pradeep
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. .,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. .,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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19
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Yakala GK, Cabrera-Fuentes HA, Crespo-Avilan GE, Rattanasopa C, Burlacu A, George BL, Anand K, Mayan DC, Corlianò M, Hernández-Reséndiz S, Wu Z, Schwerk AMK, Tan ALJ, Trigueros-Motos L, Chèvre R, Chua T, Kleemann R, Liehn EA, Hausenloy DJ, Ghosh S, Singaraja RR. FURIN Inhibition Reduces Vascular Remodeling and Atherosclerotic Lesion Progression in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:387-401. [PMID: 30651003 PMCID: PMC6393193 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and current treatment options are insufficient. Using systems-level network cluster analyses on a large coronary artery disease case-control cohort, we previously identified PCSK3 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin family member 3; FURIN) as a member of several coronary artery disease-associated pathways. Thus, our objective is to determine the role of FURIN in atherosclerosis. Approach and Results- In vitro, FURIN inhibitor treatment resulted in reduced monocyte migration and reduced macrophage and vascular endothelial cell inflammatory and cytokine gene expression. In vivo, administration of an irreversible inhibitor of FURIN, α-1-PDX (α1-antitrypsin Portland), to hyperlipidemic Ldlr-/- mice resulted in lower atherosclerotic lesion area and a specific reduction in severe lesions. Significantly lower lesional macrophage and collagen area, as well as systemic inflammatory markers, were observed. MMP2 (matrix metallopeptidase 2), an effector of endothelial function and atherosclerotic lesion progression, and a FURIN substrate was significantly reduced in the aorta of inhibitor-treated mice. To determine FURIN's role in vascular endothelial function, we administered α-1-PDX to Apoe-/- mice harboring a wire injury in the common carotid artery. We observed significantly decreased carotid intimal thickness and lower plaque cellularity, smooth muscle cell, macrophage, and inflammatory marker content, suggesting protection against vascular remodeling. Overexpression of FURIN in this model resulted in a significant 67% increase in intimal plaque thickness, confirming that FURIN levels directly correlate with atherosclerosis. Conclusions- We show that systemic inhibition of FURIN in mice decreases vascular remodeling and atherosclerosis. FURIN-mediated modulation of MMP2 activity may contribute to the atheroprotection observed in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopala K Yakala
- From the Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (G.K.Y., C.R., K.A., D.C.M., M.C., Z.W., A.L.J.T., L.T.-M., R.C., T.C., R.R.S.)
| | - Hector A Cabrera-Fuentes
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore (H.A.C.-F., G.E.C.-A., C.R., S.H.-R., D.J.H., S.G.).,National Heart Research Institute, National Heart Centre Singapore (H.A.C.-F., G.E.C.-A., B.L.G., S.H.-R., E.A.L., D.J.H., S.G.).,Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (H.A.C.-F.).,Department of Microbiology, Kazan Federal University, Russian Federation (H.A.C.-F.).,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnologia-FEMSA, Nuevo Leon, México (H.A.C.-F.)
| | - Gustavo E Crespo-Avilan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore (H.A.C.-F., G.E.C.-A., C.R., S.H.-R., D.J.H., S.G.).,National Heart Research Institute, National Heart Centre Singapore (H.A.C.-F., G.E.C.-A., B.L.G., S.H.-R., E.A.L., D.J.H., S.G.)
| | - Chutima Rattanasopa
- From the Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (G.K.Y., C.R., K.A., D.C.M., M.C., Z.W., A.L.J.T., L.T.-M., R.C., T.C., R.R.S.).,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore (H.A.C.-F., G.E.C.-A., C.R., S.H.-R., D.J.H., S.G.)
| | - Alexandrina Burlacu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania (A.B.)
| | - Benjamin L George
- National Heart Research Institute, National Heart Centre Singapore (H.A.C.-F., G.E.C.-A., B.L.G., S.H.-R., E.A.L., D.J.H., S.G.)
| | - Kaviya Anand
- From the Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (G.K.Y., C.R., K.A., D.C.M., M.C., Z.W., A.L.J.T., L.T.-M., R.C., T.C., R.R.S.)
| | - David Castaño Mayan
- From the Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (G.K.Y., C.R., K.A., D.C.M., M.C., Z.W., A.L.J.T., L.T.-M., R.C., T.C., R.R.S.)
| | - Maria Corlianò
- From the Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (G.K.Y., C.R., K.A., D.C.M., M.C., Z.W., A.L.J.T., L.T.-M., R.C., T.C., R.R.S.)
| | - Sauri Hernández-Reséndiz
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore (H.A.C.-F., G.E.C.-A., C.R., S.H.-R., D.J.H., S.G.).,National Heart Research Institute, National Heart Centre Singapore (H.A.C.-F., G.E.C.-A., B.L.G., S.H.-R., E.A.L., D.J.H., S.G.)
| | - Zihao Wu
- From the Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (G.K.Y., C.R., K.A., D.C.M., M.C., Z.W., A.L.J.T., L.T.-M., R.C., T.C., R.R.S.)
| | - Anne M K Schwerk
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden (A.M.K.S., R.K.)
| | - Amberlyn L J Tan
- From the Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (G.K.Y., C.R., K.A., D.C.M., M.C., Z.W., A.L.J.T., L.T.-M., R.C., T.C., R.R.S.)
| | - Laia Trigueros-Motos
- From the Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (G.K.Y., C.R., K.A., D.C.M., M.C., Z.W., A.L.J.T., L.T.-M., R.C., T.C., R.R.S.)
| | - Raphael Chèvre
- From the Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (G.K.Y., C.R., K.A., D.C.M., M.C., Z.W., A.L.J.T., L.T.-M., R.C., T.C., R.R.S.)
| | - Tricia Chua
- From the Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (G.K.Y., C.R., K.A., D.C.M., M.C., Z.W., A.L.J.T., L.T.-M., R.C., T.C., R.R.S.)
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden (A.M.K.S., R.K.).,Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (R.K.)
| | - Elisa A Liehn
- National Heart Research Institute, National Heart Centre Singapore (H.A.C.-F., G.E.C.-A., B.L.G., S.H.-R., E.A.L., D.J.H., S.G.).,Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH, Aachen, Germany (E.A.L.).,Human Genetic Laboratory, University of Medicine, Craiova, Romania (E.A.L.)
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore (H.A.C.-F., G.E.C.-A., C.R., S.H.-R., D.J.H., S.G.).,National Heart Research Institute, National Heart Centre Singapore (H.A.C.-F., G.E.C.-A., B.L.G., S.H.-R., E.A.L., D.J.H., S.G.).,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore (D.J.H.).,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.).,The National Institute of Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (D.J.H.).,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (D.J.H.)
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore (H.A.C.-F., G.E.C.-A., C.R., S.H.-R., D.J.H., S.G.).,National Heart Research Institute, National Heart Centre Singapore (H.A.C.-F., G.E.C.-A., B.L.G., S.H.-R., E.A.L., D.J.H., S.G.)
| | - Roshni R Singaraja
- From the Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (G.K.Y., C.R., K.A., D.C.M., M.C., Z.W., A.L.J.T., L.T.-M., R.C., T.C., R.R.S.)
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Izaguirre G. The Proteolytic Regulation of Virus Cell Entry by Furin and Other Proprotein Convertases. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090837. [PMID: 31505793 PMCID: PMC6784293 DOI: 10.3390/v11090837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of viruses exploit furin and other proprotein convertases (PCs) of the constitutive protein secretion pathway in order to regulate their cell entry mechanism and infectivity. Surface proteins of enveloped, as well as non-enveloped, viruses become processed by these proteases intracellularly during morphogenesis or extracellularly after egress and during entry in order to produce mature virions activated for infection. Although viruses also take advantage of other proteases, it is when some viruses become reactive with PCs that they may develop high pathogenicity. Besides reacting with furin, some viruses may also react with the PCs of the other specificity group constituted by PC4/PC5/PACE4/PC7. The targeting of PCs for inhibition may result in a useful strategy to treat infections with some highly pathogenic viruses. A wide variety of PC inhibitors have been developed and tested for their antiviral activity in cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Izaguirre
- College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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21
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Baumann J, Huang SF, Gassmann M, Tsao CC, Ogunshola OO. Furin inhibition prevents hypoxic and TGFβ-mediated blood-brain barrier disruption. Exp Cell Res 2019; 383:111503. [PMID: 31336100 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is a common feature of CNS diseases however mechanisms underlying barrier disturbance are still largely unknown. This study investigated the role of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), a cytokine known to induce expression of the proprotein convertase Furin, in hypoxia-mediated barrier compromise. We show that exposure of brain endothelial cells (ECs) to hypoxia (1% O2) rapidly stimulates their migration. Additional exogenous TGFβ (0.4 nM) exposure potentiated this effect and increased Furin expression in a TGFβ type I receptor activin-like kinase 5 (ALK5) - dependent manner (prevented by 10 μM SB431542). Furin inhibition prevented hypoxia-induced EC migration and blocked TGFβ-induced potentiation suggesting existence of a feedback loop. TGFβ and Furin were also critical for hypoxia-induced BBB dysfunction. TGFβ treatment aggravated hypoxia-induced BBB permeability but ALK5 or Furin blockade reversed injury-induced permeability changes. Thus during insult Furin compromises endothelial integrity by mediating the effects of TGFβ. Targeting the Furin or ALK5 pathway may offer novel therapeutic strategies for improving BBB stability and CNS function during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Baumann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Zurich Center Integrative Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sheng-Fu Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Zurich Center Integrative Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Zurich Center Integrative Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chih-Chieh Tsao
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Zurich Center Integrative Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Omolara O Ogunshola
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Zurich Center Integrative Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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22
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Xu J, Lv H, Zhang B, Xu F, Zhu H, Chen B, Zhu C, Shen J. miR-30b-5p acts as a tumor suppressor microRNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:3015-3029. [PMID: 31463131 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.07.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background To study miR-30b-5p expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by comparisons between tumor tissues and matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues to elucidate the correlation between miR-30b-5p expression and ESCC clinical parameters, and to explore the signaling pathways associated with miR-30b-5p and key target genes. Methods Clinical data, cancer tissues, and adjacent non-cancerous tissues of 32 patients diagnosed with ESCC were collected from Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province. The expression levels of miR-30b-5p were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). mRNA data for ESCC tissues and normal tissues, and clinical materials of patients with ESCC were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Associations between miR-30b-5p expression and clinical features of patients with ESCC and overall survival were explored. A bioinformatics analysis was performed to determine the pathways and key miR-30b-5p targets associated with ESCC. Additionally, a cytological experiment was performed to evaluate the biological functions of miR-30b-5p. Finally, correlations between miR-30b-5p and key targets involved in PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were validated by western blotting. Results The expression level of miR-30b-5p in the 32 ESCC tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissues (P<0.01) and was significantly disparate in the T stage, with higher expression in T1 than in T2 (P<0.05). Among the patients with higher expression levels of miR-30b-5p in ESCC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues, patients with higher expression of miR-30b-5p had a better prognosis (P<0.05). An analysis of gene chip data from the GEO database showed similar results. A gene enrichment analysis indicated a series of pathways that may be associated with the downregulation of miR-30b-5p, including focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Seven key target genes (PDGFRB, VIM, ITGA5, ACTN1, THBS2, SERPINE1, and RUNX2) were identified; these were found to be upregulated in ESCC tissues and were negatively correlated with miR-30b-5p. Functional experiments showed that miR-30b-5p attenuated migration (P<0.01) and invasion (P<0.05) in the Eca109 cell line. Moreover, the levels of ITGA5, PDGFRB, p-PI3K, and p-AKT, which are involved in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, were decreased in the miR-30b-5p-overexpressing Eca109 cell line. Conclusions Upregulated miR-30b-5p may inhibit migration and invasion in ESCC by targeting ITGA5, PDGFRB, and signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, involved in ESCC regulation. Our results indicate that miR-30b-5p plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of ESCC and is a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Haiyan Lv
- Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Hongyu Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Baofu Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Chengchu Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Jianfei Shen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, China
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23
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Braun E, Hotter D, Koepke L, Zech F, Groß R, Sparrer KM, Müller JA, Pfaller CK, Heusinger E, Wombacher R, Sutter K, Dittmer U, Winkler M, Simmons G, Jakobsen MR, Conzelmann KK, Pöhlmann S, Münch J, Fackler OT, Kirchhoff F, Sauter D. Guanylate-Binding Proteins 2 and 5 Exert Broad Antiviral Activity by Inhibiting Furin-Mediated Processing of Viral Envelope Proteins. Cell Rep 2019; 27:2092-2104.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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24
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Kryczka J, Papiewska-Pajak I, Kowalska MA, Boncela J. Cathepsin B Is Upregulated and Mediates ECM Degradation in Colon Adenocarcinoma HT29 Cells Overexpressing Snail. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030203. [PMID: 30818851 PMCID: PMC6468499 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumor development and ongoing metastasis the acquisition of mesenchymal cell traits by epithelial carcinoma cells is achieved through a programmed phenotypic shift called the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, EMT. EMT contributes to increased cancer cell motility and invasiveness mainly through invadosomes, the adhesion structures that accompany the mesenchymal migration. The invadosomes and their associated proteases restrict protease activity to areas of the cell in direct contact with the ECM, thus precisely controlling cell invasion. Our data prove that Snail-overexpressing HT-29 cells that imitate the phenotype of colon cancer cells in the early stage of the EMT showed an increase in the expression and pericellular activity of cathepsin B. It appears that the pericellular localization of cathepsin B, also observed in colon and rectum adenocarcinoma tissue samples, plays a key role in its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kryczka
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
| | | | - M Anna Kowalska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Boncela
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
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25
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Khoshnejad M, Patel A, Wojtak K, Kudchodkar SB, Humeau L, Lyssenko NN, Rader DJ, Muthumani K, Weiner DB. Development of Novel DNA-Encoded PCSK9 Monoclonal Antibodies as Lipid-Lowering Therapeutics. Mol Ther 2019; 27:188-199. [PMID: 30449662 PMCID: PMC6319316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is one of the major contributors to cardiovascular heart disease (CHD), the leading cause of death worldwide. Due to severe side effects of statins, alternative treatment strategies are required for statin-intolerant patients. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) have shown great efficacy in LDL-C reduction. Limitations for this approach include the need for multiple injections as well as increased costs associated with patient management. Here, we engineered a DNA-encoded mAb (DMAb) targeting PCSK9 (daPCSK9), as an alternative approach to protein-based lipid-lowering therapeutics, and we characterized its expression and activity. A single intramuscular administration of mouse daPCSK9 generated expression in vivo for over 42 days that corresponded with a substantial decrease of 28.6% in non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and 10.3% in total cholesterol by day 7 in wild-type mice. Repeated administrations of the DMAb plasmid led to increasing expression, with DMAb levels of 7.5 μg/mL at day 62. daPCSK9 therapeutics may provide a novel, simple, less frequent, cost-effective approach to reducing LDL-C, either as a stand-alone therapy or in combination with other LDL-lowering therapeutics for synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makan Khoshnejad
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Krzysztof Wojtak
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sagar B. Kudchodkar
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laurent Humeau
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Nicholas N. Lyssenko
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kar Muthumani
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David B. Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Corresponding author: David B. Weiner, Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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26
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Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein Is Not Activated Directly by Cellular Furin during Viral Entry into Target Cells. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00683-18. [PMID: 30021905 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00683-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) utilizes host cellular proteases to enter cells. A previous report shows that furin, which is distributed mainly in the Golgi apparatus and cycled to the cell surface and endosomes, proteolytically activates the MERS-CoV spike (S) protein following receptor binding to mediate fusion between the viral and cellular membranes. In this study, we reexamined furin usage by MERS-CoV using a real-time PCR-based virus cell entry assay after inhibition of cellular proteases. We found that the furin inhibitor dec-RVKR-CMK blocked entry of MERS-CoV harboring an S protein lacking furin cleavage sites; it even blocked entry into furin-deficient LoVo cells. In addition, dec-RVKR-CMK inhibited not only the enzymatic activity of furin but also those of cathepsin L, cathepsin B, trypsin, papain, and TMPRSS2. Furthermore, a virus cell entry assay and a cell-cell fusion assay provided no evidence that the S protein was activated by exogenous furin. Therefore, we conclude that furin does not play a role in entry of MERS-CoV into cells and that the inhibitory effect of dec-RVKR-CMK is specific for TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L rather than furin.IMPORTANCE Previous studies using the furin inhibitor dec-RVKR-CMK suggest that MERS-CoV utilizes a cellular protease, furin, to activate viral glycoproteins during cell entry. However, we found that dec-RVKR-CMK inhibits not only furin but also other proteases. Furthermore, we found no evidence that MERS-CoV uses furin. These findings suggest that previous studies in the virology field based on dec-RVKR-CMK should be reexamined carefully. Here we describe appropriate experiments that can be used to assess the effect of protease inhibitors on virus cell entry.
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27
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Li Y, Chu J, Li J, Feng W, Yang F, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Sun C, Yang M, Vasilatos SN, Huang Y, Fu Z, Yin Y. Cancer/testis antigen-Plac1 promotes invasion and metastasis of breast cancer through Furin/NICD/PTEN signaling pathway. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1233-1248. [PMID: 29704427 PMCID: PMC6068355 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta‐specific protein 1 (Plac1) is a cancer/testis antigen that plays a critical role in promoting cancer initiation and progression. However, the clinical significance and mechanism of Plac1 in cancer progression remain elusive. Here, we report that Plac1 is an important oncogenic and prognostic factor, which physically interacts with Furin to drive breast cancer invasion and metastasis. We have shown that Plac1 expression positively correlates with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, hormone receptor status, and overall patient survival. Overexpression of Plac1 promoted invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Co‐immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence cell staining assays revealed that interaction of Plac1 and Furin degraded Notch1 and generated Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) that could inhibit PTEN activity. These findings are consistent with the results of microarray study in MDA‐MB‐231 cells overexpressing Plac1. A rescue study showed that inhibition of Furin and overexpression of PTEN in Plac1 overexpression cells blocked Plac1‐induced tumor cell progression. Taken together, our findings suggest that functional interaction between Plac1 and Furin enhances breast cancer invasion and metastasis and the Furin/NICD/PTEN axis may act as an important therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiahui Chu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Wanting Feng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Chunxiao Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Mengzhu Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Shauna N Vasilatos
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China.,Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
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28
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Böttcher-Friebertshäuser E, Garten W, Klenk HD. The Antiviral Potential of Host Protease Inhibitors. ACTIVATION OF VIRUSES BY HOST PROTEASES 2018. [PMCID: PMC7122247 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75474-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The replication of numerous pathogenic viruses depends on host proteases, which therefore emerged as potential antiviral drug targets. In some cases, e.g., for influenza viruses, their function during the viral propagation cycle is relatively well understood, where they cleave and activate viral surface glycoproteins. For other viruses, e.g., Ebola virus, the function of host proteases during replication is still not clear. Host proteases may also contribute to the pathogenicity of virus infection by activating proinflammatory cytokines. For some coronaviruses, human proteases can also serve in a nonproteolytical fashion simply as receptors for virus entry. However, blocking of such protein-protein contacts is challenging, because receptor surfaces are often flat and difficult to address with small molecules. In contrast, many proteases possess well-defined binding pockets. Therefore, they can be considered as well-druggable targets, especially, if they are extracellularly active. The number of their experimental crystal structures is steadily increasing, which is an important prerequisite for a rational structure-based inhibitor design using computational chemistry tools in combination with classical medicinal chemistry approaches. Moreover, host proteases can be considered as stable targets, and their inhibition should prevent rapid resistance developments, which is often observed when addressing viral proteins. Otherwise, the inhibition of host proteases can also affect normal physiological processes leading to a higher probability of side effects and a narrow therapeutic window. Therefore, they should be preferably used in combination therapies with additional antiviral drugs. This strategy should provide a stronger antiviral efficacy, allow to use lower drug doses, and minimize side effects. Despite numerous experimental findings on their antiviral activity, no small-molecule inhibitors of host proteases have been approved for the treatment of virus infections, so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfgang Garten
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps Universität, Marburg, Germany
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29
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Zhou M, Zhang Y, Wei H, He J, Wang D, Chen B, Zeng J, Gong A, Xu M. Furin inhibitor D6R suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in SW1990 and PaTu8988 cells via the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:3192-3196. [PMID: 29435056 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexa-D-arginine (D6R), an inhibitor of furin, has potential therapeutic applications in different types of human tumor. However, the function of D6R in targeting pancreatic cancer cells remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the proliferation, invasion and migration abilities of SW1990 and PaTu8988 cells were examined using a Cell Counting Kit-8, and Transwell and wound healing assays. Subsequently, the expression of proteins associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the Hippo-yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway were detected using western blot analysis. It was revealed that D6R significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of SW1990 and PaTu8988 cells. Additionally, D6R led to the upregulation of E-cadherin (an epithelial marker), and the downregulation of N-cadherin and vimentin (mesenchymal markers) in SW1990 and PaTu8988 cells. Furthermore, the results of the present study revealed that D6R significantly affected the YAP phosphorylation level and the total YAP protein level, indicating that D6R was functionally involved in the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. It has been suggested that D6R-suppressed EMT in SW1990 and PaTu8988 cells may occur via the Hippo-YAP pathway and that it may be a feasible drug to ameliorate the malignant phenotype of SW1990 and PaTu8988 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Youli Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Junbo He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Baoding Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Aihua Gong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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30
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Hasegawa-Minato J, Toyoshima M, Ishibashi M, Zhang X, Shigeta S, Grandori C, Kitatani K, Yaegashi N. Novel cooperative pathway of c-Myc and Furin, a pro-protein convertase, in cell proliferation as a therapeutic target in ovarian cancers. Oncotarget 2017; 9:3483-3496. [PMID: 29423060 PMCID: PMC5790477 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Myc is a master regulator of various oncogenic functions in many types of human cancers. However, direct c-Myc-targeted therapy has not been successful in the clinic. Here, we explored a novel therapeutic target, which shows synthetic lethality in c-Myc-driven ovarian cancers, and examined the molecular mechanism of the synthetic lethal interaction. By high throughput siRNA screening with a library of 6,550 genes, Furin, a pro-protein convertase, was identified as the top hit gene. Furin inhibition by siRNA or a Furin inhibitor significantly suppressed cell proliferation in high c-Myc-expressing ovarian cancer cells compared with low c-Myc-expressing cells. Conversely, Furin overexpression in the presence of high c-Myc significantly promoted cell proliferation compared with only c-Myc or Furin overexpression. Notch1, one of the Furin substrates, was upregulated by c-Myc, and Notch1 cleaved by Furin increased cell proliferation of high c-Myc-expressing ovarian cancer cells. Notch1 was involved in the cooperative pathway of c-Myc and Furin in cell proliferation. In clinical ovarian cancer specimens, co-expression of c-Myc and Furin correlated with poor survival. In conclusion, we found that c-Myc cooperates with Furin to promote cell proliferation. Furin may be a promising therapeutic target in c-Myc-driven ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Hasegawa-Minato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masafumi Toyoshima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masumi Ishibashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shogo Shigeta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carla Grandori
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,SEngine Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kazuyuki Kitatani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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31
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Belfiore A, Malaguarnera R, Vella V, Lawrence MC, Sciacca L, Frasca F, Morrione A, Vigneri R. Insulin Receptor Isoforms in Physiology and Disease: An Updated View. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:379-431. [PMID: 28973479 PMCID: PMC5629070 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) gene undergoes differential splicing that generates two IR isoforms, IR-A and IR-B. The physiological roles of IR isoforms are incompletely understood and appear to be determined by their different binding affinities for insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), particularly for IGF-2. Predominant roles of IR-A in prenatal growth and development and of IR-B in metabolic regulation are well established. However, emerging evidence indicates that the differential expression of IR isoforms may also help explain the diversification of insulin and IGF signaling and actions in various organs and tissues by involving not only different ligand-binding affinities but also different membrane partitioning and trafficking and possibly different abilities to interact with a variety of molecular partners. Of note, dysregulation of the IR-A/IR-B ratio is associated with insulin resistance, aging, and increased proliferative activity of normal and neoplastic tissues and appears to sustain detrimental effects. This review discusses novel information that has generated remarkable progress in our understanding of the physiology of IR isoforms and their role in disease. We also focus on novel IR ligands and modulators that should now be considered as an important strategy for better and safer treatment of diabetes and cancer and possibly other IR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Vella
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University Kore of Enna, via della Cooperazione, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Michael C. Lawrence
- Structural Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Laura Sciacca
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Frasca
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Department of Urology and Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
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Willson JA, Muir CA, Evered CL, Cepeda MA, Damjanovski S. Stable expression of α1-antitrypsin Portland in MDA-MB-231 cells increased MT1-MMP and MMP-9 levels, but reduced tumour progression. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 12:479-488. [PMID: 28849349 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane bound matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP plays roles in modulating cell movement, independent of its abilities to remodel the extracellular matrix. Unlike many MMPs, MT1-MMP is activated in the Golgi prior to secretion by a pro-protein convertase, primarily furin. Regulation of the activation of pro-MT1-MMP has been methodically investigated, as altering the level of the active protein has broad implications in both activating other pro-MMPs, including pro-MMP-2, and many subsequent remodelling events. Our previous work in MCF-7 cells has demonstrated that modest, and not extremely high, levels of active MT1-MMP manifests into altered cell morphology and movement. At this low but optimal amount of MT1-MMP protein, changes to MT1-MMP levels are always mirrored by MMP-9 and pERK levels, and always opposite to MMP-2 levels. In this study, stable expression of the furin inhibitor α1-antitrypsin Portland (α1-PDX) in MDA-MB-231 cells increased overall MT1-MMP levels, but cells maintained a 21% proportion of pro-MT1-MMP. The increase in MT1-MMP was mirrored by increases in MMP-9 and pERK, but a decrease in MMP-2. These changes were associated with increased NF-κB transcription. In vitro analysis showed that α1-PDX decreased cell protrusions and migration, and this manifested as decreased tumourigenesis when examined in vivo using a chick CAM assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Willson
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - C A Muir
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - C L Evered
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - M A Cepeda
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - S Damjanovski
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Solovyeva NI, Gureeva TA, Timoshenko OS, Moskvitina TA, Kugaevskaya EV. Furin as proprotein convertase and its role in normal and pathological biological processes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES B: BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750817020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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The Metabolic Syndrome, Inflammation, and Colorectal Cancer Risk: An Evaluation of Large Panels of Plasma Protein Markers Using Repeated, Prediagnostic Samples. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:4803156. [PMID: 28522899 PMCID: PMC5381203 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4803156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a set of metabolic risk factors including obesity, dysglycemia, and dyslipidemia, is associated with increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. A putative biological mechanism is chronic, low-grade inflammation, both a feature of MetS and a CRC risk factor. However, excess body fat also induces a proinflammatory state and increases CRC risk. In order to explore the relationship between MetS, body size, inflammation, and CRC, we studied large panels of inflammatory and cancer biomarkers. We included 138 participants from the Västerbotten Intervention Programme with repeated sampling occasions, 10 years apart. Plasma samples were analyzed for 178 protein markers by proximity extension assay. To identify associations between plasma protein levels and MetS components, linear mixed models were fitted for each protein. Twelve proteins were associated with at least one MetS component, six of which were associated with MetS score. MetS alone was not related to any protein. Instead, BMI displayed by far the strongest associations with the biomarkers. One of the 12 MetS score-related proteins (FGF-21), also associated with BMI, was associated with an increased CRC risk (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.19–2.47). We conclude that overweight and obesity, acting through both inflammation and other mechanisms, likely explain the MetS-CRC connection.
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Inhibition of MT1-MMP proteolytic function and ERK1/2 signalling influences cell migration and invasion through changes in MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 11:167-179. [PMID: 28070797 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-016-0373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14) is a unique protease that cleaves extracellular proteins, activates proMMPs, and initiates intracellular signalling. MCF-7 cells are non-invasive and deficient in MT1-MMP, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression. We created an MCF-7 cell line (C2) that stably produces active MT1-MMP and demonstrated increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. MAPK inhibition in this cell line showed an inverse relationship in MMP-2 and MMP-9 transcripts where levels of these genes increased and decreased, respectively. Using invasive MDA-MB 231 cells that endogenously produce MT1-MMP and have naturally high pERK levels, we demonstrated the identical inverse relationship between MMP-2 and -9 transcript and protein levels, suggesting that this novel relationship is conserved amongst MT1-MMP positive breast cancer cells. To further analyze the relationship between MMP-2 and -9 levels, we chemically inhibited activation and catalytic activity of MT1-MMP using a furin and MMP inhibitor, respectively, to show that interference with the functions of MT1-MMP induced changes in MMP-2 and 9 transcript levels that were always inverse of each other, and likely mediated by differential transcriptional activity of the NF-κB transcription factor. Furthermore, we analyzed the functional consequences of these expression changes to show MMP, and in particular ERK, inhibition decreased migration and invasion using 2D culture, and inhibits the formation of an invasive phenotype in Matrigel 3D culture. This study demonstrated a novel inverse transcriptional relationship between MMP-2 and -9 levels and MT1-MMP activity that have functional consequences, and also showed that increases in the levels of MMPs does not necessarily correlate with an invasive phenotype.
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Miao Q, Pu K. Emerging Designs of Activatable Photoacoustic Probes for Molecular Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2808-2823. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Miao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical
Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical
Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457
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Cross JM, Blower TR, Gallagher N, Gill JH, Rockley KL, Walton JW. Anticancer Ru
II
and Rh
III
Piano‐Stool Complexes that are Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. Chempluschem 2016; 81:1276-1280. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine M. Cross
- Department of Chemistry Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom
| | - Tim R. Blower
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Gallagher
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health Durham University Wolfson Research Institute Queen's Campus Stockton on Tees TS17 6BH United Kingdom
| | - Jason H. Gill
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health Durham University Wolfson Research Institute Queen's Campus Stockton on Tees TS17 6BH United Kingdom
| | - Kimberly L. Rockley
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health Durham University Wolfson Research Institute Queen's Campus Stockton on Tees TS17 6BH United Kingdom
| | - James W. Walton
- Department of Chemistry Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom
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Dahms SO, Creemers JWM, Schaub Y, Bourenkov GP, Zögg T, Brandstetter H, Than ME. The structure of a furin-antibody complex explains non-competitive inhibition by steric exclusion of substrate conformers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34303. [PMID: 27670069 PMCID: PMC5037460 DOI: 10.1038/srep34303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Proprotein Convertases (PCs) represent highly selective serine proteases that activate their substrates upon proteolytic cleavage. Their inhibition is a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Inhibitory camelid antibodies were developed, targeting the prototypical PC furin. Kinetic analyses of them revealed an enigmatic non-competitive mechanism, affecting the inhibition of large proprotein-like but not small peptidic substrates. Here we present the crystal structures of furin in complex with the antibody Nb14 and of free Nb14 at resolutions of 2.0 Å and 2.3 Å, respectively. Nb14 binds at a site distant to the substrate binding pocket to the P-domain of furin. Interestingly, no major conformational changes were observed upon complex formation, neither for the protease nor for the antibody. Inhibition of furin by Nb14 is instead explained by steric exclusion of specific substrate conformers, explaining why Nb14 inhibits the processing of bulky protein substrates but not of small peptide substrates. This mode of action was further supported by modelling studies with the ternary factor X-furin-antibody complex and a mutation that disrupted the interaction interface between furin and the antibody. The observed binding mode of Nb14 suggests a novel approach for the development of highly specific antibody-based proprotein convertase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven O Dahms
- Protein Crystallography Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - John W M Creemers
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yvonne Schaub
- Protein Crystallography Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Zögg
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hans Brandstetter
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Manuel E Than
- Protein Crystallography Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Jaaks P, D’Alessandro V, Grob N, Büel S, Hajdin K, Schäfer BW, Bernasconi M. The Proprotein Convertase Furin Contributes to Rhabdomyosarcoma Malignancy by Promoting Vascularization, Migration and Invasion. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161396. [PMID: 27548722 PMCID: PMC4993484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The proprotein convertase (PC) furin cleaves precursor proteins, an important step in the activation of many cancer-associated proteins. Substrates of furin and furin-like PCs play a role in proliferation, metastasis and invasion. Some of them are involved in the progression of the pediatric soft tissue sarcoma rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). In this study, we show that PCs, and in particular furin, are expressed in RMS cell lines. To investigate the functional role of furin, we generated RMS cell lines with modulated furin activity. Silencing or stable inhibition of furin delayed tumor growth in Rh30 and RD xenografts in vivo, and was correlated with lower microvessel density. Reduced furin activity also decreased migration and invasion abilities in vitro, and inhibition of furin in RMS cells diminished processing of IGF1R, VEGF-C, PDGF-B and MT1-MMP, leading to lower levels of mature proteins. Furthermore, we found that furin activity is required for proper IGF signaling in RMS cells, as furin silencing resulted in reduced phosphorylation of Akt upon IGF1 stimulation. Taken together, our results suggest that furin plays an important role in the malignant phenotype of RMS cells by activating proteins involved in tumor growth and vascularization, metastasis and invasion.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Furin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Furin/genetics
- Furin/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 14/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 14/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1
- Receptors, Somatomedin/genetics
- Receptors, Somatomedin/metabolism
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/genetics
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/metabolism
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/genetics
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/metabolism
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Jaaks
- Department of Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valentina D’Alessandro
- Department of Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Grob
- Department of Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sina Büel
- Department of Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katarina Hajdin
- Department of Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat W. Schäfer
- Department of Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michele Bernasconi
- Department of Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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40
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Wu C, Song Z, Liu H, Pan J, Jiang H, Liu C, Yan Z, Feng H, Sun S. Inhibition of furin results in increased growth, invasiveness and cytokine production of synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2016; 84:433-439. [PMID: 27450196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fibroblast-like synoviocytes derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis play a key role by local production of cytokines and proteolytic enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix and cartilage. These synoviocytes acquire phenotypic characteristics commonly observed in transformed cells, like anchorage-independent growth, increased proliferation and invasiveness, and insensitivity to apoptosis. Furin is a ubiquitous proprotein convertase that is capable of cleaving precursors of a wide variety of proteins. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, furin is reported to be highly expressed in the synovial pannus compared with healthy persons. However, the mechanisms are poorly understood. This study is to explore the effect of furin overexpression in rheumatoid synoviocytes. METHODS In this study, RNA interference was used to knock down furin expression and to assess the resultant effects on biological behaviors of synoviocytes, such as cell proliferation, invasion, migration, cell cycle and cell apoptosis. In addition, the production of inflammatory cytokines was evaluated. RESULTS The results showed that the inhibition of furin enhanced proliferation, invasion, and migration of synoviocytes in vitro. Cell cycle was accelerated and cell death was affected by furin knockdown. Also, the inhibition of furin increased interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α secretion of synoviocytes. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of furin enhances invasive phenotype of synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, implying a protective role of furin. Agents targeting upregulation of furin may have therapeutic potential for rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshun Wu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China
| | - Zezhong Song
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Cancer Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China
| | - Jihong Pan
- Shandong Medicinal and Biotechnology Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, PR China
| | - Huiyu Jiang
- Shandong Medicinal and Biotechnology Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China
| | - Zexing Yan
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China
| | - Hong Feng
- Cancer Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China.
| | - Shui Sun
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China
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Yahyanejad S, Theys J, Vooijs M. Targeting Notch to overcome radiation resistance. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7610-28. [PMID: 26713603 PMCID: PMC4884942 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy represents an important therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cancer cells. However, it often fails to eliminate all tumor cells because of the intrinsic or acquired treatment resistance, which is the most common cause of tumor recurrence. Emerging evidences suggest that the Notch signaling pathway is an important pathway mediating radiation resistance in tumor cells. Successful targeting of Notch signaling requires a thorough understanding of Notch regulation and the context-dependent interactions between Notch and other therapeutically relevant pathways. Understanding these interactions will increase our ability to design rational combination regimens that are more likely to be safe and effective. Here we summarize the role of Notch in mediating resistance to radiotherapy, the different strategies to block Notch in cancer cells and how treatment scheduling can improve tumor response. Finally, we discuss a need for reliable Notch related biomarkers in specific tumors to measure pathway activity and to allow identification of a subset of patients who are likely to benefit from Notch targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Yahyanejad
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW, School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Theys
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW, School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Vooijs
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW, School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Kwiatkowska A, Couture F, Levesque C, Ly K, Beauchemin S, Desjardins R, Neugebauer W, Dory YL, Day R. Novel Insights into Structure-Activity Relationships of N-Terminally Modified PACE4 Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:289-301. [PMID: 26751825 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PACE4 plays important roles in prostate cancer cell proliferation. The inhibition of this enzyme has been shown to slow prostate cancer progression and is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy. In previous work, we developed a highly potent and selective PACE4 inhibitor, the multi-Leu (ML) peptide, an octapeptide with the sequence Ac-LLLLRVKR-NH2 . Here, with the objective of developing a useful compound for in vivo administration, we investigate the effect of N-terminal modifications. The inhibitory activity, toxicity, stability, and cell penetration properties of the resulting analogues were studied and compared to the unmodified inhibitor. Our results show that the incorporation of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety leads to a loss of antiproliferative activity, whereas the attachment of a lipid chain preserves or improves it. However, the lipidated peptides are significantly more toxic when compared with their unmodified counterparts. Therefore, the best results were achieved not by the N-terminal extension but by the protection of both ends with the d-Leu residue and 4-amidinobenzylamide, which yielded the most stable inhibitor, with an excellent activity and toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kwiatkowska
- Département de Chirurgie/Urologie, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Ave. Nord Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Frédéric Couture
- Département de Chirurgie/Urologie, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Ave. Nord Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Christine Levesque
- Département de Chirurgie/Urologie, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Ave. Nord Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Kévin Ly
- Département de Chirurgie/Urologie, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Ave. Nord Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sophie Beauchemin
- Département de chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Ave. Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Roxane Desjardins
- Département de Chirurgie/Urologie, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Ave. Nord Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Witold Neugebauer
- Département de Chirurgie/Urologie, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Ave. Nord Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Yves L Dory
- Département de chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Ave. Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Robert Day
- Département de Chirurgie/Urologie, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Ave. Nord Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
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43
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Solovyeva N, Gureeva T, Timoshenko O, Moskvitina T, Kugaevskaya E. Furin as proprotein convertase and its role in normal and pathological biological processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 62:609-621. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20166206609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Furin belongs to serine intracellular Ca2+-dependent endopeptidases of the subtilisin family, also known as proprotein convertase (PC). Human furin is synthesized as zymogen with a molecular weight of 104 kDa, which is then activated by autocatalytic in two stages. This process can occur when zymogen migrates from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, where a large part of furin is accumulated. The molecular weigh t of the active furin is 98 kDa. Furin relates to enzymes with a narrow substrate specificity: it hydrolyzes peptide bonds at the site of paired basic amino acids and furin activity exhibits in a wide pH range 5-8. Its main biological function is activation of the functionally important protein precursors. It is accompanied by the launch of a cascade of reactions, which lead to appearance of biologically active molecules involved in realization of specific biological functions both in normal and in some patologicheskih processes. Furin substrates are biologically important proteins such as enzymes, hormones, growth factors and differentiation, receptors, adhesion proteins, proteins of blood plasma. Furin plays an important role in the development of processes such as proliferation, invasion, cell migration, survival, maintenance of homeostasis, embryogenesis, as well as the development of a number of pathologies, including cardiovascular, oncologic and neurodegenerative diseases. Furin and furin-like proprotein convertases participate as key factors in the realization of the regulatory functions of proteolytic enzymes, the value of which is currently being evaluated as most important in comparison with the degradative function of proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T.A. Gureeva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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Oncolysis by paramyxoviruses: preclinical and clinical studies. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2015; 2:S2372-7705(16)30019-5. [PMID: 26640815 PMCID: PMC4667943 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies demonstrate that a broad spectrum of human malignant cells can be killed by oncolytic paramyxoviruses, which include cells of ecto-, endo-, and mesodermal origin. In clinical trials, significant reduction in size or even complete elimination of primary tumors and established metastases are reported. Different routes of viral administration (intratumoral, intravenous, intradermal, intraperitoneal, or intrapleural), and single- versus multiple-dose administration schemes have been explored. The reported side effects are grade 1 and 2, with the most common among them being mild fever. Some advantages in using paramyxoviruses as oncolytic agents versus representatives of other viral families exist. The cytoplasmic replication results in a lack of host genome integration and recombination, which makes paramyxoviruses safer and more attractive candidates for widely used therapeutic oncolysis in comparison with retroviruses or some DNA viruses. The list of oncolytic paramyxovirus representatives includes attenuated measles virus (MV), mumps virus (MuV), low pathogenic Newcastle disease (NDV), and Sendai (SeV) viruses. Metastatic cancer cells frequently overexpress on their surface some molecules that can serve as receptors for MV, MuV, NDV, and SeV. This promotes specific viral attachment to the malignant cell, which is frequently followed by specific viral replication. The paramyxoviruses are capable of inducing efficient syncytium-mediated lyses of cancer cells and elicit strong immunomodulatory effects that dramatically enforce anticancer immune surveillance. In general, preclinical studies and phase 1–3 clinical trials yield very encouraging results and warrant continued research of oncolytic paramyxoviruses as a particularly valuable addition to the existing panel of cancer-fighting approaches.
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Ramos-Molina B, Lick AN, Nasrolahi Shirazi A, Oh D, Tiwari R, El-Sayed NS, Parang K, Lindberg I. Cationic Cell-Penetrating Peptides Are Potent Furin Inhibitors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130417. [PMID: 26110264 PMCID: PMC4482483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic cell-penetrating peptides have been widely used to enhance the intracellular delivery of various types of cargoes, such as drugs and proteins. These reagents are chemically similar to the multi-basic peptides that are known to be potent proprotein convertase inhibitors. Here, we report that both HIV-1 TAT47-57 peptide and the Chariot reagent are micromolar inhibitors of furin activity in vitro. In agreement, HIV-1 TAT47-57 reduced HT1080 cell migration, thought to be mediated by proprotein convertases, by 25%. In addition, cyclic polyarginine peptides containing hydrophobic moieties which have been previously used as transfection reagents also exhibited potent furin inhibition in vitro and also inhibited intracellular convertases. Our finding that cationic cell-penetrating peptides exert potent effects on cellular convertase activity should be taken into account when biological effects are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adam N. Lick
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Donghoon Oh
- Chapman University, School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Rakesh Tiwari
- Chapman University, School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Naglaa Salem El-Sayed
- Chapman University, School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Chapman University, School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Iris Lindberg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Ramos-Molina B, Lick AN, Blanco EH, Posada-Salgado JA, Martinez-Mayorga K, Johnson AT, Jiao GS, Lindberg I. Identification of potent and compartment-selective small molecule furin inhibitors using cell-based assays. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 96:107-18. [PMID: 26003844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The proprotein convertase furin is implicated in a variety of pathogenic processes such as bacterial toxin activation, viral propagation, and cancer. Several groups have identified non-peptide compounds with high inhibitory potency against furin in vitro, although their efficacy in various cell-based assays is largely unknown. In this study we show that certain guanidinylated 2,5-dideoxystreptamine derivatives exhibit interesting ex vivo properties. Compound 1b (1,1'-(4-((2,4-diguanidino-5-(4-guanidinophenoxy)cyclohexyl)oxy)-1,3-phenylene)diguanidine) is a potent and cell-permeable inhibitor of cellular furin, since it was able to retard tumor cell migration, block release of a Golgi reporter, and protect cells against Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa intoxication, with no evident cell toxicity. Other compounds based on the 2,5-dideoxystreptamine scaffold, such as compound 1g (1,1'-(4,6-bis(4-guanidinophenoxy)cyclohexane-1,3-diyl)diguanidine) also efficiently protected cells against anthrax, but displayed only moderate protection against Pseudomonas exotoxin A and did not inhibit cell migration, suggesting poor cell permeability. Certain bis-guanidinophenyl ether derivatives such as 2f (1,3-bis(2,4-diguanidinophenoxy) benzene) exhibited micromolar potency against furin in vitro, low cell toxicity, and highly efficient protection against anthrax toxin; this compound only slightly inhibited intracellular furin. Thus, compounds 1g and 2f both represent potent furin inhibitors at the cell surface with low intracellular inhibitory action, and these particular compounds might therefore be of preferred therapeutic interest in the treatment of certain bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam N Lick
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elias H Blanco
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Alan T Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Hawaii Biotech, Inc., Aiea, HI, USA
| | - Guan-Sheng Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Hawaii Biotech, Inc., Aiea, HI, USA.
| | - Iris Lindberg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Kawatani M, Fukushima Y, Kondoh Y, Honda K, Sekine T, Yamaguchi Y, Taniguchi N, Osada H. Identification of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors by chemical arrays. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1597-602. [PMID: 25988721 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1045829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that degrade many extracellular matrix components and that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases including cancer metastasis. Here, we screened MMP-9 inhibitors using photo-cross-linked chemical arrays, which can detect small-molecule ligand-protein interactions on a chip in a high-throughput manner. The array slides were probed sequentially with His-MMP-9, anti-His antibody, and a Cy5-labeled secondary antibody and then scanned with a microarray scanner. We obtained 27 hits among 24,275 compounds from the NPDepo library; 2 of the identified compounds (isoxazole compound 1 and naphthofluorescein) inhibited MMP-9 enzyme activity in vitro. We further explored 17 analogs of 1 and found that compound 18 had the strongest inhibitory activity. Compound 18 also inhibited other MMPs, including MMP-2, MMP-12, and MMP-13 and significantly inhibited cell migration in human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. These results suggest that 18 is a broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor.
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Hardes K, Becker GL, Lu Y, Dahms SO, Köhler S, Beyer W, Sandvig K, Yamamoto H, Lindberg I, Walz L, von Messling V, Than ME, Garten W, Steinmetzer T. Novel Furin Inhibitors with Potent Anti-infectious Activity. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1218-31. [PMID: 25974265 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
New peptidomimetic furin inhibitors with unnatural amino acid residues in the P3 position were synthesized. The most potent compound 4-guanidinomethyl-phenylacteyl-Arg-Tle-Arg-4-amidinobenzylamide (MI-1148) inhibits furin with a Ki value of 5.5 pM. The derivatives also strongly inhibit PC1/3, whereas PC2 is less affected. Selected inhibitors were tested in cell culture for antibacterial and antiviral activity against infectious agents known to be dependent on furin activity. A significant protective effect against anthrax and diphtheria toxin was observed in the presence of the furin inhibitors. Furthermore, the spread of the highly pathogenic H5N1 and H7N1 avian influenza viruses and propagation of canine distemper virus was strongly inhibited. Inhibitor MI-1148 was crystallized in complex with human furin. Its N-terminal guanidinomethyl group in the para position of the P5 phenyl ring occupies the same position as that found previously for a structurally related inhibitor containing this substitution in the meta position, thereby maintaining all of the important P5 interactions. Our results confirm that the inhibition of furin is a promising strategy for a short-term treatment of acute infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Hardes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg (Germany)
| | - Gero L Becker
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg (Germany)
| | - Yinghui Lu
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 2, Marburg (Germany)
| | - Sven O Dahms
- Protein Crystallography Group, Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena (Germany)
| | - Susanne Köhler
- Institute of Environmental and Animal Hygiene, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599 Stuttgart (Germany)
| | - Wolfgang Beyer
- Institute of Environmental and Animal Hygiene, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599 Stuttgart (Germany)
| | - Kirsten Sandvig
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo (Norway)
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 (USA)
| | - Iris Lindberg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 (USA)
| | - Lisa Walz
- Veterinary Medicine Division, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, 63225 Langen (Germany)
| | - Veronika von Messling
- Veterinary Medicine Division, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, 63225 Langen (Germany)
| | - Manuel E Than
- Protein Crystallography Group, Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena (Germany)
| | - Wolfgang Garten
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 2, Marburg (Germany)
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg (Germany).
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Kibirev VK. Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking of novel bisamidinohydrazones as NON-peptide inhibitors of furin. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj87.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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50
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Kara I, Poggi M, Bonardo B, Govers R, Landrier JF, Tian S, Leibiger I, Day R, Creemers JWM, Peiretti F. The paired basic amino acid-cleaving enzyme 4 (PACE4) is involved in the maturation of insulin receptor isoform B: an opportunity to reduce the specific insulin receptor-dependent effects of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2). J Biol Chem 2014; 290:2812-21. [PMID: 25527501 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.592543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaining the full activity of the insulin receptor (IR) requires the proteolytic cleavage of its proform by intra-Golgi furin-like activity. In mammalian cells, IR is expressed as two isoforms (IRB and IRA) that are responsible for insulin action. However, only IRA transmits the growth-promoting and mitogenic effects of insulin-like growth factor 2. Here we demonstrate that the two IR isoforms are similarly cleaved by furin, but when this furin-dependent maturation is inefficient, IR proforms move to the cell surface where the proprotein convertase PACE4 selectively supports IRB maturation. Therefore, in situations of impaired furin activity, the proteolytic maturation of IRB is greater than that of IRA, and accordingly, the amount of phosphorylated IRB is also greater than that of IRA. We highlight the ability of a particular proprotein convertase inhibitor to effectively reduce the maturation of IRA and its associated mitogenic signaling without altering the signals emanating from IRB. In conclusion, the selective PACE4-dependent maturation of IRB occurs when furin activity is reduced; accordingly, the pharmacological inhibition of furin reduces IRA maturation and its mitogenic potential without altering the insulin effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imène Kara
- From the INSERM 1062, INRA 1260, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de médecine, F-13385, Marseille, France
| | - Marjorie Poggi
- From the INSERM 1062, INRA 1260, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de médecine, F-13385, Marseille, France
| | - Bernadette Bonardo
- From the INSERM 1062, INRA 1260, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de médecine, F-13385, Marseille, France
| | - Roland Govers
- From the INSERM 1062, INRA 1260, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de médecine, F-13385, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Landrier
- From the INSERM 1062, INRA 1260, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de médecine, F-13385, Marseille, France
| | - Sun Tian
- Nuolan Net, 1098 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingo Leibiger
- the Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Day
- the Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Département de Chirurgie/Urologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada, and
| | - John W M Creemers
- the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Franck Peiretti
- From the INSERM 1062, INRA 1260, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de médecine, F-13385, Marseille, France,
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