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Stavish D, Price CJ, Gelezauskaite G, Alsehli H, Leonhard KA, Taapken SM, McIntire EM, Laing O, James BM, Riley JJ, Zerbib J, Baker D, Harding AL, Jestice LH, Eleveld TF, Gillis AJM, Hillenius S, Looijenga LHJ, Gokhale PJ, Ben-David U, Ludwig TE, Barbaric I. Feeder-free culture of human pluripotent stem cells drives MDM4-mediated gain of chromosome 1q. Stem Cell Reports 2024:S2213-6711(24)00183-8. [PMID: 38964325 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Culture-acquired variants in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hinder their applications in research and clinic. However, the mechanisms that underpin selection of variants remain unclear. Here, through analysis of comprehensive karyotyping datasets from over 23,000 hPSC cultures of more than 1,500 lines, we explored how culture conditions shape variant selection. Strikingly, we identified an association of chromosome 1q gains with feeder-free cultures and noted a rise in its prevalence in recent years, coinciding with increased usage of feeder-free regimens. Competition experiments of multiple isogenic lines with and without a chromosome 1q gain confirmed that 1q variants have an advantage in feeder-free (E8/vitronectin), but not feeder-based, culture. Mechanistically, we show that overexpression of MDM4, located on chromosome 1q, drives variants' advantage in E8/vitronectin by alleviating genome damage-induced apoptosis, which is lower in feeder-based conditions. Our study explains condition-dependent patterns of hPSC aberrations and offers insights into the mechanisms of variant selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Stavish
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; INSIGNEO Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christopher J Price
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; INSIGNEO Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gabriele Gelezauskaite
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; INSIGNEO Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Haneen Alsehli
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; INSIGNEO Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Erik M McIntire
- WiCell Research Institute, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Owen Laing
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; INSIGNEO Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Bethany M James
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; INSIGNEO Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jack J Riley
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Johanna Zerbib
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Duncan Baker
- Sheffield Diagnostic Genetic Services, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Amy L Harding
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lydia H Jestice
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; INSIGNEO Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Thomas F Eleveld
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ad J M Gillis
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Hillenius
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Paul J Gokhale
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; INSIGNEO Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Uri Ben-David
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tenneille E Ludwig
- WiCell Research Institute, Madison, WI, USA; Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ivana Barbaric
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; INSIGNEO Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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2
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Palomino Lago E, Baird A, Blott SC, McPhail RE, Ross AC, Durward-Akhurst SA, Guest DJ. A Functional Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Upstream of the Collagen Type III Gene Is Associated with Catastrophic Fracture Risk in Thoroughbred Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:116. [PMID: 38200847 PMCID: PMC10778232 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fractures caused by bone overloading are a leading cause of euthanasia in Thoroughbred racehorses. The risk of fatal fracture has been shown to be influenced by both environmental and genetic factors but, to date, no specific genetic mechanisms underpinning fractures have been identified. In this study, we utilised a genome-wide polygenic risk score to establish an in vitro cell system to study bone gene regulation in horses at high and low genetic risk of fracture. Candidate gene expression analysis revealed differential expression of COL3A1 and STAT1 genes in osteoblasts derived from high- and low-risk horses. Whole-genome sequencing of two fracture cases and two control horses revealed a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) upstream of COL3A1 that was confirmed in a larger cohort to be significantly associated with fractures. Bioinformatics tools predicted that this SNP may impact the binding of the transcription factor SOX11. Gene modulation demonstrated SOX11 is upstream of COL3A1, and the region binds to nuclear proteins. Furthermore, luciferase assays demonstrated that the region containing the SNP has promoter activity. However, the specific effect of the SNP depends on the broader genetic background of the cells and suggests other factors may also be involved in regulating COL3A1 expression. In conclusion, we have identified a novel SNP that is significantly associated with fracture risk and provide new insights into the regulation of the COL3A1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Palomino Lago
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; (E.P.L.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Arabella Baird
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket CB8 7UU, UK
| | - Sarah C. Blott
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK;
| | - Rhona E. McPhail
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket CB8 7UU, UK
| | - Amy C. Ross
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; (E.P.L.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Sian A. Durward-Akhurst
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Deborah J. Guest
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; (E.P.L.); (A.C.R.)
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3
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Wei M, Nurjanah U, Li J, Luo X, Hosea R, Li Y, Zeng J, Duan W, Song G, Miyagishi M, Kasim V, Wu S. YY2-DRP1 Axis Regulates Mitochondrial Fission and Determines Cancer Stem Cell Asymmetric Division. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207349. [PMID: 37300334 PMCID: PMC10427375 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are associated with tumor progression, recurrence, and therapeutic resistance. To maintain their pool while promoting tumorigenesis, CSCs divide asymmetrically, producing a CSC and a highly proliferative, more differentiated transit-amplifying cell. Exhausting the CSC pool has been proposed as an effective antitumor strategy; however, the mechanism underlying CSC division remains poorly understood, thereby largely limiting its clinical application. Here, through cross-omics analysis, yin yang 2 (YY2) is identified as a novel negative regulator of CSC maintenance. It is shown that YY2 is downregulated in stem-like tumor spheres formed by hepatocarcinoma cells and in liver cancer, in which its expression is negatively correlated with disease progression and poor prognosis. Furthermore, it is revealed that YY2 overexpression suppressed liver CSC asymmetric division, leading to depletion of the CSC pool and decreased tumor-initiating capacity. Meanwhile, YY2 knock-out in stem-like tumor spheres caused enrichment in mitochondrial functions. Mechanistically, it is revealed that YY2 impaired mitochondrial fission, and consequently, liver CSC asymmetric division, by suppressing the transcription of dynamin-related protein 1. These results unravel a novel regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial dynamic-mediated CSCs asymmetric division and highlight the role of YY2 as a tumor suppressor and a therapeutic target in antitumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mankun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue RepairCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Uli Nurjanah
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue RepairCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue RepairCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue RepairCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Rendy Hosea
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue RepairCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue RepairCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Jianting Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing UniversityChongqing400030P. R. China
| | - Wei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue RepairCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Makoto Miyagishi
- Life Science InnovationSchool of Integrative and Global MajorsUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbaraki305‐0006Japan
| | - Vivi Kasim
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue RepairCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized TreatmentChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing UniversityChongqing400030P. R. China
| | - Shourong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue RepairCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized TreatmentChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing UniversityChongqing400030P. R. China
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Mahmoudian RA, Fathi F, Farshchian M, Abbaszadegan MR. Construction and Quantitative Evaluation of a Tissue-Specific Sleeping Beauty by EDL2-Specific Transposase Expression in Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma Cell Line KYSE-30. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:350-360. [PMID: 35474410 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery to esophageal tissue could provide novel treatments for diseases, such as cancer. The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system, as a natural and non-viral tool, is efficient at transferring transgene into the human genome for human cell genetic engineering. The plasmid-based SB transposon can insert into chromosomes through an accurate recombinase-mediated mechanism, providing long-term expression of transgene integrated into the target cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the activity of ED-L2 tissue-specific promoter that was engineered from the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and combined with the hyperactive SB100X transposase to achieve the stable expression of T2-Onc3 transposon in esophageal squamous epithelial cells. Here we constructed an SB transposon-based plasmid system to obtain the stable expression of transposon upon introduction of a hyperactive SB transposase under the control of tissue-specific ED-L2 promoter via the lipid-based delivery method in the cultured esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Among established human and mouse cell lines, the (ED-L2)-SB100X transposase was active only in human esophageal stratified squamous epithelial and differentiated keratinocytes derived from skin (KYSE-30 and HaCaT cell lines), where it revealed high promoter activity. Data offered that the 782 bp sequence of ED-L2 promoter has a key role in its activity in vitro. The (ED-L2)-SB100X transposase mediated stable integration of T2-Onc3 in KYSE-30 cells, thereby providing further evidence of the tissue specificity of ED-L2 promoter. The KYSE-30 cells modified with the SB system integrate on average 187 copies of the T2-Onc3 transposon in its genome. In aggregate, the (ED-L2)-SB100X transposase can be efficiently applied for the tissue-specific stable expression of a transgene in human KYSE-30 cells using SB transposon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fardin Fathi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Moein Farshchian
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR) Razavi Khorasan, ACECR Central Building, Ferdowsi University Campus, Mashhad- Azadi Square, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Medical Genetics Research Center, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Kuzmin AA, Tomilin AN. Building Blocks of Artificial CRISPR-Based Systems beyond Nucleases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010397. [PMID: 36613839 PMCID: PMC9820447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tools developed in the fields of genome engineering, precise gene regulation, and synthetic gene networks have an increasing number of applications. When shared with the scientific community, these tools can be used to further unlock the potential of precision medicine and tissue engineering. A large number of different genetic elements, as well as modifications, have been used to create many different systems and to validate some technical concepts. New studies have tended to optimize or improve existing elements or approaches to create complex synthetic systems, especially those based on the relatively new CRISPR technology. In order to maximize the output of newly developed approaches and to move from proof-of-principle experiments to applications in regenerative medicine, it is important to navigate efficiently through the vast number of genetic elements to choose those most suitable for specific needs. In this review, we have collected information regarding the main genetic elements and their modifications, which can be useful in different synthetic systems with an emphasis of those based on CRISPR technology. We have indicated the most suitable elements and approaches to choose or combine in planning experiments, while providing their deeper understanding, and have also stated some pitfalls that should be avoided.
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6
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Validation of Promoters and Codon Optimization on CRISPR/Cas9-Engineered Jurkat Cells Stably Expressing αRep4E3 for Interfering with HIV-1 Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315049. [PMID: 36499376 PMCID: PMC9738563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent and efficient therapeutic protein expression in the specific target cell is a significant concern in gene therapy. The controllable integration site, suitable promoter, and proper codon usage influence the effectiveness of the therapeutic outcome. Previously, we developed a non-immunoglobulin scaffold, alpha repeat protein (αRep4E3), as an HIV-1 RNA packaging interference system in SupT1 cells using the lentiviral gene transfer. Although the success of anti-HIV-1 activity was evidenced, the integration site is uncontrollable and may not be practical for clinical translation. In this study, we use the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to precisely knock-in αRep4E3 genes into the adeno-associated virus integration site 1 (AAVS1) safe harbor locus of the target cells. We compare the αRep4E3 expression under the regulation of three different promoters, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), human elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1α), and ubiquitin C (UbC) promoters with and without codon optimization in HEK293T cells. The results demonstrated that the EF1α promoter with codon-optimized αRep4E3mCherry showed higher protein expression than other promoters with non-optimized codons. We then performed a proof-of-concept study by knocking in the αRep4E3mCherry gene at the AAVS1 locus of the Jurkat cells. The results showed that the αRep4E3mCherry-expressing Jurkat cells exhibited anti-HIV-1 activities against HIV-1NL4-3 strain as evidenced by decreased capsid (p24) protein levels and viral genome copies as compared to the untransfected Jurkat control cells. Altogether, our study demonstrates that the αRep4E3 could interfere with the viral RNA packaging and suggests that the αRep4E3 scaffold protein could be a promising anti-viral molecule that offers a functional cure for people living with HIV-1.
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Li M, Zhong A, Wu Y, Sidharta M, Beaury M, Zhao X, Studer L, Zhou T. Transient inhibition of p53 enhances prime editing and cytosine base-editing efficiencies in human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6354. [PMID: 36302757 PMCID: PMC9613702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise gene editing in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) holds great promise for studying and potentially treating human diseases. Both prime editing and base editing avoid introducing double strand breaks, but low editing efficiencies make those techniques still an arduous process in hPSCs. Here we report that co-delivering of p53DD, a dominant negative fragment of p53, can greatly enhance prime editing and cytosine base editing efficiencies in generating precise mutations in hPSCs. We further apply PE3 in combination with p53DD to efficiently create multiple isogenic hPSC lines, including lines carrying GBA or LRRK2 mutations associated with Parkinson disease and a LMNA mutation linked to Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. We also correct GBA and LMNA mutations in the patient-specific iPSCs. Our data show that p53DD improves PE3 efficiency without compromising the genome-wide safety, making it feasible for safe and routine generation of isogenic hPSC lines for disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Li
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952The SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Aaron Zhong
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952The SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Youjun Wu
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952The SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Mega Sidharta
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952The SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Michael Beaury
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952The SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Xiaolan Zhao
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952The SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
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8
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Malaguti M, Portero Migueles R, Annoh J, Sadurska D, Blin G, Lowell S. SyNPL: Synthetic Notch pluripotent cell lines to monitor and manipulate cell interactions in vitro and in vivo. Development 2022; 149:275525. [PMID: 35616331 PMCID: PMC9270970 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions govern differentiation and cell competition in pluripotent cells during early development, but the investigation of such processes is hindered by a lack of efficient analysis tools. Here, we introduce SyNPL: clonal pluripotent stem cell lines that employ optimised Synthetic Notch (SynNotch) technology to report cell-cell interactions between engineered ‘sender’ and ‘receiver’ cells in cultured pluripotent cells and chimaeric mouse embryos. A modular design makes it straightforward to adapt the system for programming differentiation decisions non-cell-autonomously in receiver cells in response to direct contact with sender cells. We demonstrate the utility of this system by enforcing neuronal differentiation at the boundary between two cell populations. In summary, we provide a new adaptation of SynNotch technology that could be used to identify cell interactions and to profile changes in gene or protein expression that result from direct cell-cell contact with defined cell populations in culture and in early embryos, and that can be customised to generate synthetic patterning of cell fate decisions. Summary: Optimised Synthetic Notch circuitry in mouse pluripotent stem cells provides a modular tool with which to monitor cell-cell interactions and program synthetic patterning of cell fates in culture and in embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Malaguti
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Rosa Portero Migueles
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Jennifer Annoh
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Daina Sadurska
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Guillaume Blin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sally Lowell
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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Natalwala A, Behbehani R, Yapom R, Kunath T. An Isogenic Collection of Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines With Elevated α-Synuclein Expression Validated for Neural Induction and Cortical Neuron Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:898560. [PMID: 35712660 PMCID: PMC9196909 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.898560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αSyn) is a small, disordered protein that becomes aggregated in Lewy body diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) potentially provide a tractable disease model to monitor early molecular changes associated with PD/DLB. We and others have previously derived hiPSC lines from patients with duplication and triplication of the SNCA gene, encoding for αSyn. It is now recognised that to perform meaningful disease modelling with these hiPSC lines, it is critical to generate isogenic control cell lines that lack the disease causing mutations. In order to complement the existing and emerging hiPSC models for PD/DLB, we have generated an allelic series of αSyn over-expressing hESC lines on the same isogenic background. An unresolved question is whether pluripotent stem cell lines, with elevated levels of αSyn, can undergo efficient differentiation into dopaminergic and cortical neurons to model PD and DLB, respectively. We took advantage of our isogenic collection of hESC lines to determine if increased expression of αSyn affects neural induction and neuronal differentiation. Clonal hESC lines with significantly different levels of αSyn expression proliferated normally and maintained expression of pluripotent markers, such as OCT4. All cell lines efficiently produced PAX6+ neuroectoderm and there was no correlation between αSyn expression and neural induction efficiency. Finally, global transcriptomic analysis of cortical differentiation of hESC lines with low or high levels of αSyn expression demonstrated robust and similar induction of cortical neuronal expression profiles. Gene expression differences observed were unrelated to neural induction and neuronal differentiation. We conclude that elevated expression of αSyn in human pluripotent stem cells does not adversely affect their neuronal differentiation potential and that collections of isogenic cell lines with differing levels of αSyn expression are valid and suitable models to investigate synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Natalwala
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square House, London, United Kingdom,Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom,Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Ammar Natalwala, ; Tilo Kunath,
| | - Ranya Behbehani
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ratsuda Yapom
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tilo Kunath
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Ammar Natalwala, ; Tilo Kunath,
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10
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Kuk MU, Park JY, Song ES, Lee H, Lee YH, Joo J, Kwon HW, Park JT. Bacterial Artificial Chromosome-based Protein Expression Platform Using the Tol2 Transposon System. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0222-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Price CJ, Barbaric I. Assessing Cell Competition in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell (hPSC) Cultures. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e435. [PMID: 35621694 PMCID: PMC9325404 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions are required for development and homeostasis in multicellular organisms from insects to mammals. A critical process governed by these interactions is cell competition, which functions throughout development to control tissue composition by eliminating cells that possess a lower fitness status than their neighbors. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a key biological tool in modeling human development and offer further potential as a source of clinically relevant cell populations for regenerative medicine applications. Recently, cell competition has been demonstrated in hPSC cultures and during induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming. In turn, these findings suggest that hPSCs can be used as a tool to study and model cell-cell interactions during different stages of development and disease. Here, we provide a panel of protocols optimized for hPSCs to investigate the potential role that cell competition may have in determining the fate and composition of cell populations during culture. The protocols entail assessment of the competitive phenotype and the mode through which cell competition may lead to elimination of less-fit cells from mosaic cultures with fitter counterparts. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Electroporation of hPSCs to establish a fluorescent reference cell line Support Protocol 1: Single-cell dissociation of hPSCs Support Protocol 2: Single-cell cloning of fluorescently labeled hPSCs Basic Protocol 2: Separate culture and co-culture proliferation assays Basic Protocol 3: Assessing levels of apoptosis in hPSC cultures using flow cytometry Basic Protocol 4: Transwell assay Support Protocol 3: Immunohistochemistry and image quantification of cleaved caspase-3 Basic Protocol 5: Cell confrontation assay Basic Protocol 6: Cell compression assay Basic Protocol 7: Time-lapse imaging to assess mechanical extrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Price
- School of BioscienceThe University of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldUnited Kingdom,Neuroscience InstituteThe University of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Ivana Barbaric
- School of BioscienceThe University of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldUnited Kingdom,Neuroscience InstituteThe University of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldUnited Kingdom
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12
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Suthapot P, Xiao T, Felsenfeld G, Hongeng S, Wongtrakoongate P. The RNA helicases DDX5 and DDX17 facilitate neural differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells NTERA2. Life Sci 2022; 291:120298. [PMID: 35007564 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Understanding human neurogenesis is critical toward regenerative medicine for neurodegeneration. However, little is known how neural differentiation is regulated by DEAD box-containing RNA helicases, which comprise a diverse class of RNA remodeling enzymes. MATERIALS AND METHODS ChIP-seq was utilized to identify binding sites of DDX5 and DDX17 in both human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) line NTERA2 and their retinoic acid-induced neural derivatives. RNA-seq was used to elucidate genes differentially expressed upon depletion of DDX5 and DDX17. Neurosphere assay, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to test the effect of depletion of the two RNA helicases in neural differentiation. KEY FINDINGS We show here that expression of DDX5 and DDX17 is abundant throughout neural differentiation of NTERA2, and is mostly localized within the nucleus. The two RNA helicases occupy chromatin genome-wide at regions associated with neurogenesis-related genes in both hPSCs and their neural derivatives. Further, both DDX5 and DDX17 are mutually required for controlling transcriptional expression of these genes, but are not important for maintenance of stem cell state of hPSCs. In contrast, they facilitate early neural differentiation of hPSCs, generation of neurospheres from the stem cells, and transcriptional expression of key neurogenic transcription factors such as SOX1 and PAX6 during neural differentiation. Importantly, DDX5 and DDX17 are critical for differentiation of hPSCs toward NESTIN- and TUBB3-positive cells, which represent neural progenitors and mature neurons, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, our findings suggest the role of DDX5 and DDX17 in transcriptional regulation of genes involved in neurogenesis, and hence in neural differentiation of hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praewa Suthapot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tiaojiang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892-0540, MD, USA
| | - Gary Felsenfeld
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892-0540, MD, USA
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Patompon Wongtrakoongate
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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13
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Haswell JR, Mattioli K, Gerhardinger C, Maass PG, Foster DJ, Peinado P, Wang X, Medina PP, Rinn JL, Slack FJ. Genome-wide CRISPR interference screen identifies long non-coding RNA loci required for differentiation and pluripotency. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252848. [PMID: 34731163 PMCID: PMC8565776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exhibit lineage-specific expression, the vast majority remain functionally uncharacterized in the context of development. Here, we report the first described human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines to repress (CRISPRi) or activate (CRISPRa) transcription during differentiation into all three germ layers, facilitating the modulation of lncRNA expression during early development. We performed an unbiased, genome-wide CRISPRi screen targeting thousands of lncRNA loci expressed during endoderm differentiation. While dozens of lncRNA loci were required for proper differentiation, most differentially expressed lncRNAs were not, supporting the necessity for functional screening instead of relying solely on gene expression analyses. In parallel, we developed a clustering approach to infer mechanisms of action of lncRNA hits based on a variety of genomic features. We subsequently identified and validated FOXD3-AS1 as a functional lncRNA essential for pluripotency and differentiation. Taken together, the cell lines and methodology described herein can be adapted to discover and characterize novel regulators of differentiation into any lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Haswell
- Department of Pathology, HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kaia Mattioli
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chiara Gerhardinger
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Philipp G. Maass
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel J. Foster
- Department of Pathology, HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paola Peinado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Granada, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Pedro P. Medina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Granada, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | - John L. Rinn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Frank J. Slack
- Department of Pathology, HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Price CJ, Stavish D, Gokhale PJ, Stevenson BA, Sargeant S, Lacey J, Rodriguez TA, Barbaric I. Genetically variant human pluripotent stem cells selectively eliminate wild-type counterparts through YAP-mediated cell competition. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2455-2470.e10. [PMID: 34407428 PMCID: PMC8443275 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The appearance of genetic changes in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) presents a concern for their use in research and regenerative medicine. Variant hPSCs that harbor recurrent culture-acquired aneuploidies display growth advantages over wild-type diploid cells, but the mechanisms that yield a drift from predominantly wild-type to variant cell populations remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the dominance of variant clones in mosaic cultures is enhanced through competitive interactions that result in the elimination of wild-type cells. This elimination occurs through corralling and mechanical compression by faster-growing variants, causing a redistribution of F-actin and sequestration of yes-associated protein (YAP) in the cytoplasm that induces apoptosis in wild-type cells. YAP overexpression or promotion of YAP nuclear localization in wild-type cells alleviates their "loser" phenotype. Our results demonstrate that hPSC fate is coupled to mechanical cues imposed by neighboring cells and reveal that hijacking this mechanism allows variants to achieve clonal dominance in cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Price
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Dylan Stavish
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Paul J Gokhale
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Ben A Stevenson
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Samantha Sargeant
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Joanne Lacey
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Tristan A Rodriguez
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ivana Barbaric
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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15
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Tissue and cell-type-specific transduction using rAAV vectors in lung diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1057-1071. [PMID: 34021360 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy of genetically determined diseases, including some pathologies of the respiratory system, requires an efficient method for transgene delivery. Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors are well studied and employed in gene therapy, as they are relatively simple and low immunogenic and able to efficiently transduce eukaryotic cells. To date, many natural and artificial (with modified capsids) AAV serotypes have been isolated, demonstrating preferential tropism toward different tissues and cells in accordance with the prevalent receptors on the cell surface. However, rAAV-mediated delivery is not strictly specific due to wide tropism of some viral serotypes. Thus, the development of the methods allowing modulating specificity of these vectors could be beneficial in some cases. This review describes various approaches for retargeting rAAV to respiratory cells, for example, using different types of capsid modifications and regulation of a transgene expression by tissue-specific promoters. Part of the review is devoted to the issues of transduction of stem and progenitor lung cells using AAV, which is a complicated task today.
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16
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Kim CH, Oliver C, Dar H, Drissi H, Presciutti SM. AAV6 as an effective gene delivery vector for prolonged transgene expression in intervertebral disc cells in vivo. Genes Dis 2020; 9:1074-1085. [PMID: 35685478 PMCID: PMC9170577 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is the main contributor to low back pain, now the leading cause of disability worldwide. Gene transfer, either in a therapeutic attempt or in basic research to understand the mechanisms of disc degeneration, is a fascinating and promising tool to manipulate the complex physiology of the disc. Viral vectors based on the adeno-associated virus (AAV) have emerged as powerful transgene delivery vehicles yet a systematic investigation into their respective tropism, transduction efficiency, and relative toxicity have not yet been performed in the disc in vivo. Herein, we used in vivo bioluminescence imaging to systematically compare multiple AAV serotypes, injection volumes, titers, promoters, and luciferase reporters to determine which result in high transduction efficiency of murine nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in vivo. We find that AAV6 using a CAG promoter to drive transgene expression, delivered into the NP of murine caudal discs at a titer of 1011 GC/mL, provides excellent transduction efficiency/kinetics and low toxicity in vivo. We also show, for the first time, that the transduction of NP cells can be significantly boosted in vivo by the use of small cell permeabilization peptides. Finally, to our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate the use of optical tissue clearing and three-dimensional lightsheet microscopy in the disc, which was used to visualize fine details of tissue and cell architecture in whole intact discs following AAV6 delivery. Taken together, these data will contribute to the success of using AAV-mediated gene delivery for basic and translational studies of the IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Heon Kim
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Atlanta Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Colleen Oliver
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Atlanta Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Hamid Dar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Atlanta Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
- Corresponding author. Emory Orthopaedics and Spine Center, 59 Executive Park S NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Steven M. Presciutti
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Atlanta Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
- Corresponding author. Emory Orthopaedics and Spine Center, 59 Executive Park S NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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17
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BrainPhys neuronal medium optimized for imaging and optogenetics in vitro. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5550. [PMID: 33144563 PMCID: PMC7642238 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The capabilities of imaging technologies, fluorescent sensors, and optogenetics tools for cell biology are advancing. In parallel, cellular reprogramming and organoid engineering are expanding the use of human neuronal models in vitro. This creates an increasing need for tissue culture conditions better adapted to live-cell imaging. Here, we identify multiple caveats of traditional media when used for live imaging and functional assays on neuronal cultures (i.e., suboptimal fluorescence signals, phototoxicity, and unphysiological neuronal activity). To overcome these issues, we develop a neuromedium called BrainPhys™ Imaging (BPI) in which we optimize the concentrations of fluorescent and phototoxic compounds. BPI is based on the formulation of the original BrainPhys medium. We benchmark available neuronal media and show that BPI enhances fluorescence signals, reduces phototoxicity and optimally supports the electrical and synaptic activity of neurons in culture. We also show the superior capacity of BPI for optogenetics and calcium imaging of human neurons. Altogether, our study shows that BPI improves the quality of a wide range of fluorescence imaging applications with live neurons in vitro while supporting optimal neuronal viability and function. Current media for neuronal cell and organoid cultures are suboptimal for functional imaging and optogenetics experiments, owing to phototoxicity and unphysiological performance. Here the authors formulate an optimised neuronal medium to support live cell imaging and electrophysiological activity.
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18
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Nassor F, Jarray R, Biard DSF, Maïza A, Papy-Garcia D, Pavoni S, Deslys JP, Yates F. Long Term Gene Expression in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Cerebral Organoids to Model a Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:14. [PMID: 32116560 PMCID: PMC7026130 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brain organoids (mini-brains) consist of self-organized three-dimensional (3D) neural tissue which can be derived from reprogrammed adult cells and maintained for months in culture. These 3D structures manifest substantial potential for the modeling of neurodegenerative diseases and pave the way for personalized medicine. However, as these 3D brain models can express the whole human genetic complexity, it is critical to have access to isogenic mini-brains that only differ in specific and controlled genetic variables. Genetic engineering based on retroviral vectors is incompatible with the long-term modeling needed here and implies a risk of random integration while methods using CRISPR-Cas9 are still too complex to adapt to stem cells. We demonstrate in this study that our strategy which relies on an episomal plasmid vector derived from the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) offers a simple and robust approach, avoiding the remaining caveats of mini-brain models. For this proof-of-concept, we used a normal tau protein with a fluorescent tag and a mutant genetic form (P301S) leading to Fronto-Temporal Dementia. Isogenic cell lines were obtained which were stable for more than 30 passages expressing either form. We show that the presence of the plasmid in the cells does not interfere with the mini-brain differentiation protocol and obtain the development of a pathologically relevant phenotype in cerebral organoids, with pathological hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein. Such a simple and versatile genetic strategy opens up the full potential of human organoids to contribute to disease modeling, personalized medicine and testing of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferid Nassor
- Service d'Etude des Prions et des Infections Atypiques (SEPIA), Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CellTechs Laboratory, Sup'Biotech, Villejuif, France
| | - Rafika Jarray
- Service d'Etude des Prions et des Infections Atypiques (SEPIA), Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CellTechs Laboratory, Sup'Biotech, Villejuif, France
| | - Denis S F Biard
- Service d'Etude des Prions et des Infections Atypiques (SEPIA), Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Auriane Maïza
- Glycobiology, Cell Growth, Tissue Repair and Regeneration (Gly-CRRET), UPEC 4397, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Dulce Papy-Garcia
- Glycobiology, Cell Growth, Tissue Repair and Regeneration (Gly-CRRET), UPEC 4397, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Serena Pavoni
- Service d'Etude des Prions et des Infections Atypiques (SEPIA), Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Deslys
- Service d'Etude des Prions et des Infections Atypiques (SEPIA), Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Frank Yates
- Service d'Etude des Prions et des Infections Atypiques (SEPIA), Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CellTechs Laboratory, Sup'Biotech, Villejuif, France
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19
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Retrograde monosynaptic tracing through an engineered human embryonic stem cell line reveals synaptic inputs from host neurons to grafted cells. CELL REGENERATION 2019; 8:1-8. [PMID: 31205682 PMCID: PMC6557763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cr.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Retrograde monosynaptic tracing with EnvA-pseudotyped rabies virus has been employed to identify the afferent and efferent connectivity of transplanted human embryonic stem (hES) cell-derived neurons in animal models. Due to the protracted development of transplanted human neurons in host animals, it is important that those transplanted cells express avian leukosis and sarcoma virus subgroup A receptor (TVA) and rabies glycoprotein G (Rgp) for a period of up to several months to enable identification of the synaptic inputs from host neurons to grafted neurons through this rabies virus-based method. Here, we report the generation of an engineered hES cell line through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeting to the AAVS1 locus of an EnvA-pseudotyped rabies virus-based tool for retrograde monosynaptic tracing. This engineered hES cell line, named H1-CAG-GTRgp, expresses GFP, TVA and Rgp. Upon transplantation of H1-CAG-GTRgp-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) into the rat brain after traumatic injury, the grafted neurons derived from H1-CAG-GTRgp cells expressed GFP, TVA, and Rgp stably for up to 6 months post-transplantation and received robust synaptic inputs from host neurons in the target regions of the orthotopic neural circuitry. The retrograde monosynaptic tracing hES cell line provides an efficient approach to analyze transplant connectivity for the comprehensive assessment of host-donor cell innervation.
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20
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Chen KG, Mallon BS, Park K, Robey PG, McKay RDG, Gottesman MM, Zheng W. Pluripotent Stem Cell Platforms for Drug Discovery. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:805-820. [PMID: 30006147 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Use of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and their differentiated derivatives have led to recent proof-of-principle drug discoveries, defining a pathway to the implementation of hPSC-based drug discovery (hPDD). Current hPDD strategies, however, have inevitable conceptual biases and technological limitations, including the dimensionality of cell-culture methods, cell maturity and functionality, experimental variability, and data reproducibility. In this review, we dissect representative hPDD systems via analysis of hPSC-based 2D-monolayers, 3D culture, and organoids. We discuss mechanisms of drug discovery and drug repurposing, and roles of membrane drug transporters in tissue maturation and hPDD using the example of drugs that target various mutations of CFTR, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene, in patients with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Chen
- NIH Stem Cell Characterization Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Barbara S Mallon
- NIH Stem Cell Characterization Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kyeyoon Park
- NIH Stem Cell Characterization Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ronald D G McKay
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- The Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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21
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Kanli A, Kasap M, Yoneten KK, Akpinar G, Gulkac MD. Identification of differentially regulated deceitful proteins in SH-SY5Y cells engineered with Tet-regulated protein expression system. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6065-6071. [PMID: 29600520 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tetracycline regulated protein expression in mammalian cells is a powerful tool to predict the physiological function, cellular localization, and stability of a protein. In addition, to predict metabolic networks affected by the expression of wild-type or mutant forms of proteins, researchers generally produce a single mammalian cell clone that can express the protein of interest under tetracycline control and study the changes occurring in overall proteome before and after expression of a protein of interest. One limitation of tetracycline regulated clonal cell creation, however, is that it sometimes creates clones with changed protein levels even without the expression of the protein of interest due to the nonspecific insertion of the gene encoding the protein of interest into the genome or disruption of a metabolic pathway due to insertional silencing or activation. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the limitation of tetracycline regulated gene expression by creating clonal cell lines expressing the wild-type or the mutant forms of Fat mass and obesity-associated protein. Comparative proteome analysis of the protein extracts by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to MALDI-TOF/TOF revealed the presence of eight proteins subjected to differential regulation even in the absence of induction. The identified proteins were 14-3-3 protein Epsilon, Vimentin, Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K, Tubulin beta-2C chain, Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha, Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta, Alpha-enolase, TATA-binding protein-associated factor 2N. An ultimate care should be taken to prevent reporting of deceitful proteins generated from studies utilizing tetracycline regulated gene expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Kanli
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Murat Kasap
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Kubra K Yoneten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technology Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gurler Akpinar
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Dogan Gulkac
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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22
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Kondrashov A, Duc Hoang M, Smith JGW, Bhagwan JR, Duncan G, Mosqueira D, Munoz MB, Vo NTN, Denning C. Simplified Footprint-Free Cas9/CRISPR Editing of Cardiac-Associated Genes in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:391-404. [PMID: 29402189 PMCID: PMC5882176 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling disease with human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is hindered because the impact on cell phenotype from genetic variability between individuals can be greater than from the pathogenic mutation. While “footprint-free” Cas9/CRISPR editing solves this issue, existing approaches are inefficient or lengthy. In this study, a simplified PiggyBac strategy shortened hPSC editing by 2 weeks and required one round of clonal expansion and genotyping rather than two, with similar efficiencies to the longer conventional process. Success was shown across four cardiac-associated loci (ADRB2, GRK5, RYR2, and ACTC1) by genomic cleavage and editing efficiencies of 8%–93% and 8%–67%, respectively, including mono- and/or biallelic events. Pluripotency was retained, as was differentiation into high-purity cardiomyocytes (CMs; 88%–99%). Using the GRK5 isogenic lines as an exemplar, chronic stimulation with the β-adrenoceptor agonist, isoprenaline, reduced beat rate in hPSC-CMs expressing GRK5-Q41 but not GRK5-L41; this was reversed by the β-blocker, propranolol. This shortened, footprint-free approach will be useful for mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kondrashov
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Minh Duc Hoang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - James G W Smith
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie R Bhagwan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Duncan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Diogo Mosqueira
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Barbadillo Munoz
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nguyen T N Vo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Denning
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Sano M, Ohtaka M, Iijima M, Nakasu A, Kato Y, Nakanishi M. Sensitive and long-term monitoring of intracellular microRNAs using a non-integrating cytoplasmic RNA vector. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12673. [PMID: 28978921 PMCID: PMC5627244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12847-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Different types of cells express unique sets of miRNAs that can be exploited as potential molecular markers to identify specific cell types. Among the variety of miRNA detection methods, a fluorescence-based imaging system that utilises a fluorescent-reporter gene regulated by a target miRNA offers a major advantage for long-term tracking of the miRNA in living cells. In this study, we developed a novel fluorescence-based miRNA-monitoring system using a non-integrating cytoplasmic RNA vector based on a replication-defective and persistent Sendai virus (SeVdp). Because SeVdp vectors robustly and stably express transgenes, this system enabled sensitive monitoring of miRNAs by fluorescence microscopy. By applying this system for cellular reprogramming, we found that miR-124, but not miR-9, was significantly upregulated during direct neuronal conversion. Additionally, we were able to isolate integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells by long-term tracking of let-7 expression. Notably, this system was easily expandable to allow detection of multiple miRNAs separately and simultaneously. Our findings provide insight into a powerful tool for evaluating miRNA expression during the cellular reprogramming process and for isolating reprogrammed cells potentially useful for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Sano
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Manami Ohtaka
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Minoru Iijima
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Asako Nakasu
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kato
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
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Increasing Human Neural Stem Cell Transplantation Dose Alters Oligodendroglial and Neuronal Differentiation after Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1534-1548. [PMID: 28479305 PMCID: PMC5469937 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent human central nervous system-derived neural stem cells transplanted at doses ranging from 10,000 (low) to 500,000 (very high) cells differentiated predominantly into the oligodendroglial lineage. However, while the number of engrafted cells increased linearly in relationship to increasing dose, the proportion of oligodendrocytic cells declined. Increasing dose resulted in a plateau of engraftment, enhanced neuronal differentiation, and increased distal migration caudal to the transplantation sites. Dose had no effect on terminal sensory recovery or open-field locomotor scores. However, total human cell number and decreased oligodendroglial proportion were correlated with hindlimb girdle coupling errors. Conversely, greater oligodendroglial proportion was correlated with increased Ab step pattern, decreased swing speed, and increased paw intensity, consistent with improved recovery. These data suggest that transplant dose, and/or target niche parameters can regulate donor cell engraftment, differentiation/maturation, and lineage-specific migration profiles. SCI niche may have a limited capacity for donor cell engraftment Dose alters the donor cell lineage-specific fate and migration profile Increasing hindlimb girdle couplings errors may be due to increased total cell numbers Greater proportion of oligodendroglial cells improves locomotor recovery
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25
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Thumann G, Harmening N, Prat-Souteyrand C, Marie C, Pastor M, Sebe A, Miskey C, Hurst LD, Diarra S, Kropp M, Walter P, Scherman D, Ivics Z, Izsvák Z, Johnen S. Engineering of PEDF-Expressing Primary Pigment Epithelial Cells by the SB Transposon System Delivered by pFAR4 Plasmids. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 6:302-314. [PMID: 28325297 PMCID: PMC5363513 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD) is characterized by choroidal blood vessels growing into the subretinal space, leading to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell degeneration and vision loss. Vessel growth results from an imbalance of pro-angiogenic (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]) and anti-angiogenic factors (e.g., pigment epithelium-derived factor [PEDF]). Current treatment using intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF antibodies improves vision in about 30% of patients but may be accompanied by side effects and non-compliance. To avoid the difficulties posed by frequent intravitreal injections, we have proposed the transplantation of pigment epithelial cells modified to overexpress human PEDF. Stable transgene integration and expression is ensured by the hyperactive Sleeping Beauty transposon system delivered by pFAR4 miniplasmids, which have a backbone free of antibiotic resistance markers. We demonstrated efficient expression of the PEDF gene and an optimized PEDF cDNA sequence in as few as 5 × 103 primary cells. At 3 weeks post-transfection, PEDF secretion was significantly elevated and long-term follow-up indicated a more stable secretion by cells transfected with the optimized PEDF transgene. Analysis of transgene insertion sites in human RPE cells showed an almost random genomic distribution. The results represent an important contribution toward a clinical trial aiming at a non-viral gene therapy of nvAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Thumann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Nina Harmening
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Corinne Marie
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé UMR 8258, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, 75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie Pastor
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé UMR 8258, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, 75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Attila Sebe
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Csaba Miskey
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Laurence D Hurst
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY Bath, UK
| | - Sabine Diarra
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina Kropp
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter Walter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Scherman
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé UMR 8258, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, 75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Zoltán Ivics
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Johnen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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26
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Differentiation of human telencephalic progenitor cells into MSNs by inducible expression of Gsx2 and Ebf1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1234-E1242. [PMID: 28137879 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611473114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are a key population in the basal ganglia network, and their degeneration causes a severe neurodegenerative disorder, Huntington's disease. Understanding how ventral neuroepithelial progenitors differentiate into MSNs is critical for regenerative medicine to develop specific differentiation protocols using human pluripotent stem cells. Studies performed in murine models have identified some transcriptional determinants, including GS Homeobox 2 (Gsx2) and Early B-cell factor 1 (Ebf1). Here, we have generated human embryonic stem (hES) cell lines inducible for these transcription factors, with the aims of (i) studying their biological role in human neural progenitors and (ii) incorporating TF conditional expression in a developmental-based protocol for generating MSNs from hES cells. Using this approach, we found that Gsx2 delays cell-cycle exit and reduces Pax6 expression, whereas Ebf1 promotes neuronal differentiation. Moreover, we found that Gsx2 and Ebf1 combined overexpression in hES cells achieves high yields of MSNs, expressing Darpp32 and Ctip2, in vitro as well in vivo after transplantation. We show that hES-derived striatal progenitors can be transplanted in animal models and can differentiate and integrate into the host, extending fibers over a long distance.
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27
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Li SJ, Luo Y, Zhang LM, Yang W, Zhang GG. Targeted introduction and effective expression of hFIX at the AAVS1 locus in mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1313-1318. [PMID: 28112377 PMCID: PMC5367337 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemophilia B occurs due to a deficiency in human blood coagulation factor IX (hFIX). Currently, no effective treatment for hemophilia B has been identified, and gene therapy has been considered the most appropriate treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have homing abilities and low immunogenicity, and therefore they may be potential cell carriers for targeted drug delivery to lesional tissues. The present study constructed an adeno‑associated virus integration site 1 (AAVS1)‑targeted vector termed AAVS1‑green fluorescent protein (GFP)‑hFIX and a zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) expression vector. Nucleofection was used to co‑transfect the targeting vector and the ZFN expression vector into human MSCs. The GFP‑positive cells were selected using flow cytometry. Site‑specific integration clones were obtained following the monoclonal culture, subsequent detections were performed using polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting. Following the confirmation of stem cell traits of the site‑specific integration MSCs, the in vivo and in vitro expression levels of hFIX were detected. The results demonstrated that the hFIX gene was successfully transfected into the AAVS1 locus in human MSCs. The clones with the site‑specific integration retained stem cell traits of the MSCs. In addition, hFIX was effectively expressed in vivo and in vitro. No significant differences in expression levels were identified among the individual clones. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the exogenous gene hFIX was effectively expressed following site‑specific targeting into the AAVS1 locus in MSCs; therefore, MSCs may be used as potential cell carriers for gene therapy of hemophilia B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jun Li
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Le-Meng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Gang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
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28
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Das J, Choi YJ, Yasuda H, Han JW, Park C, Song H, Bae H, Kim JH. Efficient delivery of C/EBP beta gene into human mesenchymal stem cells via polyethylenimine-coated gold nanoparticles enhances adipogenic differentiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33784. [PMID: 27677463 PMCID: PMC5039411 DOI: 10.1038/srep33784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The controlled differentiation of stem cells via the delivery of specific genes encoding appropriate differentiation factors may provide useful models for regenerative medicine and aid in developing therapies for human patients. However, the majority of non-viral vectors are not efficient enough to manipulate difficult-to-transfect adult human stem cells in vitro. Herein, we report the first use of 25 kDa branched polyethylenimine-entrapped gold nanoparticles (AuPEINPs) and covalently bound polyethylenimine-gold nanoparticles (AuMUAPEINPs) as carriers for efficient gene delivery into human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). We determined a functional application of these nanoparticles by transfecting hMSCs with the C/EBP beta gene, fused to EGFP, to induce adipogenic differentiation. Transfection efficacy with AuPEINPs and AuMUAPEINPs was 52.3% and 40.7%, respectively, which was 2.48 and 1.93 times higher than that by using Lipofectamine 2000. Luciferase assay results also demonstrated improved gene transfection efficiency of AuPEINPs/AuMUAPEINPs over Lipofectamine 2000 and polyethylenimine. Overexpression of exogenous C/EBP beta significantly enhanced adipogenesis in hMSCs as indicated by both of Oil Red O staining and mRNA expression analyses. Nanoparticle/DNA complexes exhibited favorable cytocompatibility in hMSCs. Taken together, AuPEINPs and AuMUAPEINPs potentially represent safe and highly efficient vehicles for gene delivery to control hMSC differentiation and for therapeutic gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Das
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Hideyo Yasuda
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jae Woong Han
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Song
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Hojae Bae
- Dept. of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Dept. of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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29
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Kaczmarek R, Mikolajewicz K, Szymczak K, Duk M, Majorczyk E, Krop-Watorek A, Buczkowska A, Czerwinski M. Evaluation of an amino acid residue critical for the specificity and activity of human Gb3/CD77 synthase. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:963-973. [PMID: 27538840 PMCID: PMC5149393 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9716-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human Gb3/CD77 synthase (α1,4-galactosyltransferase) is the only known glycosyltransferase that changes acceptor specificity because of a point mutation. The enzyme, encoded by A4GALT locus, is responsible for biosynthesis of Gal(α1-4)Gal moiety in Gb3 (CD77, Pk antigen) and P1 glycosphingolipids. We showed before that a single nucleotide substitution c.631C > G in the open reading frame of A4GALT, resulting in replacement of glutamine with glutamic acid at position 211 (substitution p. Q211E), broadens the enzyme acceptor specificity, so it can not only attach galactose to another galactose but also to N-acetylgalactosamine. The latter reaction leads to synthesis of NOR antigens, which are glycosphingolipids with terminal Gal(α1-4)GalNAc sequence, never before described in mammals. Because of the apparent importance of position 211 for enzyme activity, we stably transfected the 2102Ep cells with vectors encoding Gb3/CD77 synthase with glutamine substituted by aspartic acid or asparagine, and evaluated the cells by quantitative flow cytometry, high-performance thin-layer chromatography and real-time PCR. We found that cells transfected with vectors encoding Gb3/CD77 synthase with substitutions p. Q211D or p. Q211N did not express Pk, P1 and NOR antigens, suggesting complete loss of enzymatic activity. Thus, amino acid residue at position 211 of Gb3/CD77 synthase is critical for specificity and activity of the enzyme involved in formation of Pk, P1 and NOR antigens. Altogether, this approach affords a new insight into the mechanism of action of the human Gb3/CD77 synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mikolajewicz
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Confocal Microscopy Laboratory, Wroclaw Research Centre EIT+, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szymczak
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Duk
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Majorczyk
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy and Physical Education, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
| | - Anna Krop-Watorek
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Anna Buczkowska
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Czerwinski
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy and Physical Education, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland.
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30
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Co-repressor CBFA2T2 regulates pluripotency and germline development. Nature 2016; 534:387-90. [PMID: 27281218 PMCID: PMC4911307 DOI: 10.1038/nature18004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Developmental specification of germ cells lies at the heart of inheritance, as germ cells contain all of the genetic and epigenetic information transmitted between generations. The critical developmental event distinguishing germline from somatic lineages is the differentiation of primordial germ cells (PGCs), precursors of sex-specific gametes that produce an entire organism upon fertilization. Germ cells toggle between uni- and pluripotent states as they exhibit their own 'latent' form of pluripotency. For example, PGCs express a number of transcription factors in common with embryonic stem (ES) cells, including OCT4 (encoded by Pou5f1), SOX2, NANOG and PRDM14 (refs 2, 3, 4). A biochemical mechanism by which these transcription factors converge on chromatin to produce the dramatic rearrangements underlying ES-cell- and PGC-specific transcriptional programs remains poorly understood. Here we identify a novel co-repressor protein, CBFA2T2, that regulates pluripotency and germline specification in mice. Cbfa2t2(-/-) mice display severe defects in PGC maturation and epigenetic reprogramming. CBFA2T2 forms a biochemical complex with PRDM14, a germline-specific transcription factor. Mechanistically, CBFA2T2 oligomerizes to form a scaffold upon which PRDM14 and OCT4 are stabilized on chromatin. Thus, in contrast to the traditional 'passenger' role of a co-repressor, CBFA2T2 functions synergistically with transcription factors at the crossroads of the fundamental developmental plasticity between uni- and pluripotency.
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31
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Benazra M, Lecomte MJ, Colace C, Müller A, Machado C, Pechberty S, Bricout-Neveu E, Grenier-Godard M, Solimena M, Scharfmann R, Czernichow P, Ravassard P. A human beta cell line with drug inducible excision of immortalizing transgenes. Mol Metab 2015; 4:916-25. [PMID: 26909308 PMCID: PMC4731729 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Access to immortalized human pancreatic beta cell lines that are phenotypically close to genuine adult beta cells, represent a major tool to better understand human beta cell physiology and develop new therapeutics for Diabetes. Here we derived a new conditionally immortalized human beta cell line, EndoC-βH3 in which immortalizing transgene can be efficiently removed by simple addition of tamoxifen. Methods We used lentiviral mediated gene transfer to stably integrate a tamoxifen inducible form of CRE (CRE-ERT2) into the recently developed conditionally immortalized EndoC βH2 line. The resulting EndoC-βH3 line was characterized before and after tamoxifen treatment for cell proliferation, insulin content and insulin secretion. Results We showed that EndoC-βH3 expressing CRE-ERT2 can be massively amplified in culture. We established an optimized tamoxifen treatment to efficiently excise the immortalizing transgenes resulting in proliferation arrest. In addition, insulin expression raised by 12 fold and insulin content increased by 23 fold reaching 2 μg of insulin per million cells. Such massive increase was accompanied by enhanced insulin secretion upon glucose stimulation. We further observed that tamoxifen treated cells maintained a stable function for 5 weeks in culture. Conclusions EndoC βH3 cell line represents a powerful tool that allows, using a simple and efficient procedure, the massive production of functional non-proliferative human beta cells. Such cells are close to genuine human beta cells and maintain a stable phenotype for 5 weeks in culture. EndoC-βH3: a conditionally immortalized human pancreatic beta cell line. Proliferation arrest upon removal of immortalizing transgenes with Tamoxifen. Enhancement of beta cell function upon removal of immortalizing transgenes. Tamoxifen-treated EndoC-βH3 maintain a stable phenotype for 5 weeks in culture. EndoC-βH3: a unique tool for large-scale drug discovery and proliferation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Benazra
- Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM), Biotechnology & Biotherapy Team, 75013 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR7225, 75013 Paris, France
- INSERM U1127, 75013 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marie-José Lecomte
- Endocells, Pépinière d'entreprises Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, 75007 Paris, France
| | - Claire Colace
- Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM), Biotechnology & Biotherapy Team, 75013 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR7225, 75013 Paris, France
- INSERM U1127, 75013 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Andreas Müller
- Paul Langerhans Institute of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cécile Machado
- Endocells, Pépinière d'entreprises Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, 75007 Paris, France
| | - Severine Pechberty
- Endocells, Pépinière d'entreprises Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, 75007 Paris, France
| | - Emilie Bricout-Neveu
- Endocells, Pépinière d'entreprises Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, 75007 Paris, France
| | - Maud Grenier-Godard
- Endocells, Pépinière d'entreprises Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, 75007 Paris, France
| | - Michele Solimena
- Paul Langerhans Institute of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Paul Czernichow
- Endocells, Pépinière d'entreprises Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, 75007 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ravassard
- Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM), Biotechnology & Biotherapy Team, 75013 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR7225, 75013 Paris, France
- INSERM U1127, 75013 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75013 Paris, France
- Corresponding author. ICM Biotechnology & Biotherapy Team, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, 47 Bd. De l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France. Tel./fax: +33 157274575.
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Sharifi Tabar M, Hesaraki M, Esfandiari F, Sahraneshin Samani F, Vakilian H, Baharvand H. Evaluating Electroporation and Lipofectamine Approaches for Transient and Stable Transgene Expressions in Human Fibroblasts and Embryonic Stem Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2015; 17:438-50. [PMID: 26464815 PMCID: PMC4601864 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2015.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective Genetic modification of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is critical for
their extensive use as a fundamental tool for cell therapy and basic research. Despite
the fact that various methods such as lipofection and electroporation have been applied
to transfer the gene of interest (GOI) into the target cell line, however, there are few re-
ports that compare all parameters, which influence transfection efficiency. In this study,
we examine all parameters that affect the efficiency of electroporation and lipofection for
transient and long-term gene expression in three different cell lines to introduce the best
method and determinant factor.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, both electroporation and lipofection
approaches were employed for genetic modification. pCAG-EGFP was applied for tran-
sient expression of green fluorescent protein in two genetically different hESC lines, Roy-
an H5 (XX) and Royan H6 (XY), as well as human foreskin fibroblasts (hFF). For long-term
EGFP expression VASA and OLIG2 promoters (germ cell and motoneuron specific genes,
respectively), were isolated and subsequently cloned into a pBluMAR5 plasmid backbone
to drive EGFP expression. Flow cytometry analysis was performed two days after trans-
fection to determine transient expression efficiency. Differentiation of drug resistant hESC
colonies toward primordial germ cells (PGCs) was conducted to confirm stable integration
of the transgene.
Results Transient and stable expression suggested a variable potential for different cell
lines against transfection. Analysis of parameters that influenced gene transformation ef-
ficiency revealed that the vector concentrations from 20-60 μg and the density of the sub-
jected cells (5×105and 1×106cells) were not as effective as the genetic background and
voltage rate. The present data indicated that in contrast to the circular form, the linearized
vector generated more distinctive drug resistant colonies.
Conclusion Electroporation was an efficient tool for genetic engineering of hESCs
compared to the chemical method. The genetic background of the subjected cell line
for transfection seemed to be a fundamental factor in each gene delivery method. For
each cell line, optimum voltage rate should be calculated as it has been shown to play
a crucial role in cell death and rate of gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sharifi Tabar
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hesaraki
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Esfandiari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Sahraneshin Samani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haghighat Vakilian
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Vuong LM, Chellappa K, Dhahbi JM, Deans JR, Fang B, Bolotin E, Titova NV, Hoverter NP, Spindler SR, Waterman ML, Sladek FM. Differential Effects of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α Isoforms on Tumor Growth and T-Cell Factor 4/AP-1 Interactions in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:3471-90. [PMID: 26240283 PMCID: PMC4573706 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00030-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is tumor suppressive in the liver but amplified in colon cancer, suggesting that it also might be oncogenic. To investigate whether this discrepancy is due to different HNF4α isoforms derived from its two promoters (P1 and P2), we generated Tet-On-inducible human colon cancer (HCT116) cell lines that express either the P1-driven (HNF4α2) or P2-driven (HNF4α8) isoform and analyzed them for tumor growth and global changes in gene expression (transcriptome sequencing [RNA-seq] and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing [ChIP-seq]). The results show that while HNF4α2 acts as a tumor suppressor in the HCT116 tumor xenograft model, HNF4α8 does not. Each isoform regulates the expression of distinct sets of genes and recruits, colocalizes, and competes in a distinct fashion with the Wnt/β-catenin mediator T-cell factor 4 (TCF4) at CTTTG motifs as well as at AP-1 motifs (TGAXTCA). Protein binding microarrays (PBMs) show that HNF4α and TCF4 share some but not all binding motifs and that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in sites bound by both HNF4α and TCF4 can alter binding affinity in vitro, suggesting that they could play a role in cancer susceptibility in vivo. Thus, the HNF4α isoforms play distinct roles in colon cancer, which could be due to differential interactions with the Wnt/β-catenin/TCF4 and AP-1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh M Vuong
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Karthikeyani Chellappa
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Joseph M Dhahbi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jonathan R Deans
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Bin Fang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Eugene Bolotin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Nina V Titova
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Nate P Hoverter
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Stephen R Spindler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Marian L Waterman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Frances M Sladek
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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Arguello T, Moraes CT. Cre recombinase activity is inhibited in vivo but not ex vivo by a mutation in the asymmetric spacer region of the distal loxP site. Genesis 2015; 53:695-700. [PMID: 26331883 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The cre/loxP recombination system is a valuable tool used to generate tissue specific genomic rearrangements in mouse models. The deletion of a region of interest flanked by two loxP sites is accomplished by the recombinase (cre) enzyme, which binds to the inverted repeat segments of two loxP sites and recognition of a conserved TA sequence in the asymmetric central spacer region "ATAACTTCGTATA -NNNTANNN-TATACGAAGTTAT. In vivo, we found that a single T to C mutation at position 4 of the central spacer region in the distal (3') loxP site, completely inhibited the recombination reaction in two conditional mouse models. These mice were generated using a mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase (Mtfmt) gene targeted construct and cre transgene under the control of tissue-specific promoters: calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II alpha (Camk2a-cre) and myosin light polypeptide 1 (Myl1-cre). Surprisingly, transient transfection of a plasmid expressing cre in dermal fibroblasts derived from the same mutant floxed Mtfmt((loxP/loxP)) mice line, successfully deleted the region of interest. This study demonstrates the sequence specificity required in vivo, the possibility of bypassing this limitation by expressing high levels of cre recombinase ex vivo and raises concerns related to the quality control of large scale production of gene targeted constructs and mice. genesis 53:695-700, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Arguello
- Department of Human Genetics, Human Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Bennett KM, Gorham RD, Gusti V, Trinh L, Morikis D, Lo DD. Hybrid flagellin as a T cell independent vaccine scaffold. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:71. [PMID: 26265529 PMCID: PMC4534063 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To extend the potency of vaccines against infectious diseases, vaccines should be able to exploit multiple arms of the immune system. One component of the immune system that is under-used in vaccine design is the subset of B cells known to be capable of responding to repetitive antigenic epitopes and differentiate into plasma cells even in the absence of T cell help (T-independent, TI). Results To target vaccine responses from T-independent B cells, we reengineered a bacterial Flagellin (FliC) by replacing its exposed D3 domain with a viral envelope protein from Dengue virus (DENV2). The resulting hybrid FliC protein (hFliC) was able to form stable filaments decorated with conformationally intact DENV2 envelope domains. These filaments were not only capable of inducing a T cell-dependent (TD) humoral antibody response, but also significant IgM and IgG3 antibody response in a helper T cell repertoire-restricted transgenic mouse model. Conclusions Our results provide proof-of-principle demonstration that a reengineered hybrid FliC could be used as a platform for polymeric subunit vaccines, enhancing T cell-dependent and possibly inducing T-independent antibody responses from B-1 B cells as well. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-015-0194-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaila M Bennett
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, California, 92521, USA. .,Bioengineering Interdepartmental Graduate Program, California, USA.
| | - Ronald D Gorham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, California, 92521, USA.
| | - Veronica Gusti
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, California, 92521, USA.
| | - Lien Trinh
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, California, 92521, USA.
| | - Dimitrios Morikis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, California, 92521, USA.
| | - David D Lo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, California, 92521, USA.
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Deng S, Zhang Y, Xu C, Ma D. MicroRNA-125b-2 overexpression represses ectodermal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:355-62. [PMID: 26059631 PMCID: PMC4501654 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs or miRS) have been demonstrated to be essential for neural development. miR-125b-2, presented on human chromosome 21, is overexpressed in neurons of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) with cognitive impairments. It has been reported that miR-125b-2 promotes specific types of neuronal differentiation; however, the function of miR-125b-2 in the early development of the embryo has remained to be fully elucidated. In the present study, a mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) line was stably transfected with a miR-125b-2 lentiviral expression vector and found that miR-125b-2 overexpression did not affect the self-renewal or proliferation of mESCs. However, miR-125b-2 overexpression inhibited the differentiation of mESCs into endoderm and ectoderm. Finally, miR-125b-2 overexpression was found to impair all-trans-retinoic acid-induced neuron development in embryoid bodies. The findings of the present study implied that miR-125b-2 overexpression suppressed the differentiation of mESCs into neurons, which highlights that miR‑125b-2 is important in the regulation of ESC differentiation. The present study provided a basis for the further identification of novel targets of miR-125b-2, which may contribute to an enhanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ESC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chundi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The molecular events that lead to human thyroid cell speciation remain incompletely characterized. It has been shown that overexpression of the regulatory transcription factors Pax8 and Nkx2-1 (ttf-1) directs murine embryonic stem (mES) cells to differentiate into thyroid follicular cells by initiating a transcriptional regulatory network. Such cells subsequently organized into three-dimensional follicular structures in the presence of extracellular matrix. In the current study, human embryonic stem (hES) cells were studied with the aim of recapitulating this scenario and producing functional human thyroid cell lines. METHODS Reporter gene tagged pEZ-lentiviral vectors were used to express human PAX8-eGFP and NKX2-1-mCherry in the H9 hES cell line followed by differentiation into thyroid cells directed by Activin A and thyrotropin (TSH). RESULTS Both transcription factors were expressed efficiently in hES cells expressing either PAX8, NKX2-1, or in combination in the hES cells, which had low endogenous expression of these transcription factors. Further differentiation of the double transfected cells showed the expression of thyroid-specific genes, including thyroglobulin (TG), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), and the TSH receptor (TSHR) as assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining. Most notably, the Activin/TSH-induced differentiation approach resulted in thyroid follicle formation and abundant TG protein expression within the follicular lumens. On stimulation with TSH, these hES-derived follicles were also capable of dose-dependent cAMP generation and radioiodine uptake, indicating functional thyroid epithelial cells. CONCLUSION The induced expression of PAX8 and NKX2-1 in hES cells was followed by differentiation into thyroid epithelial cells and their commitment to form functional three-dimensional neo-follicular structures. The data provide proof of principal that hES cells can be committed to thyroid cell speciation under appropriate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risheng Ma
- Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and the James J. Peters VA Medical Center , New York, New York
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38
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Qian K, Huang CTL, Huang CL, Chen H, Blackbourn LW, Chen Y, Cao J, Yao L, Sauvey C, Du Z, Zhang SC. A simple and efficient system for regulating gene expression in human pluripotent stem cells and derivatives. Stem Cells 2014; 32:1230-8. [PMID: 24497442 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulatable transgene expression in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and their progenies is often necessary to dissect gene function in a temporal and spatial manner. However, hPSC lines with inducible transgene expression, especially in differentiated progenies, have not been established due to silencing of randomly inserted genes during stem cell expansion and/or differentiation. Here, we report the use of transcription activator-like effector nucleases-mediated targeting to AAVS1 site to generate versatile conditional hPSC lines. Transgene (both green fluorescent protein and a functional gene) expression in hPSCs and their derivatives was not only sustained but also tightly regulated in response to doxycycline both in vitro and in vivo. We modified the donor construct so that any gene of interest can be readily inserted to produce hPSC lines with conditional transgene expression. This technology will substantially improve the way we study human stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qian
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Waisman Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Muroski ME, Morgan TJ, Levenson CW, Strouse GF. A gold nanoparticle pentapeptide: gene fusion to induce therapeutic gene expression in mesenchymal stem cells. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14763-71. [PMID: 25198921 DOI: 10.1021/ja505190q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been identified as having great potential as autologous cell therapeutics to treat traumatic brain injury and spinal injury as well as neuronal and cardiac ischemic events. All future clinical applications of MSC cell therapies must allow the MSC to be harvested, transfected, and induced to express a desired protein or selection of proteins to have medical benefit. For the full potential of MSC cell therapy to be realized, it is desirable to systematically alter the protein expression of therapeutically beneficial biomolecules in harvested MSC cells with high fidelity in a single transfection event. We have developed a delivery platform on the basis of the use of a solid gold nanoparticle that has been surface modified to produce a fusion containing a zwitterionic, pentapeptide designed from Bax inhibiting peptide (Ku70) to enhance cellular uptake and a linearized expression vector to induce enhanced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rat-derived MSCs. Ku70 is observed to effect >80% transfection following a single treatment of femur bone marrow isolated rat MSCs with efficiencies for the delivery of a 6.6 kbp gene on either a Au nanoparticle (NP) or CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD). Gene expression is observed within 4 d by optical measurements, and secretion is observed within 10 d by Western Blot analysis. The combination of being able to selectively engineer the NP, to colocalize biological agents, and to enhance the stability of those agents has provided the strong impetus to utilize this novel class of materials to engineer primary MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Muroski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan Way, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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Ovchinnikov DA, Titmarsh DM, Fortuna PR, Hidalgo A, Alharbi S, Whitworth DJ, Cooper-White JJ, Wolvetang EJ. Transgenic human ES and iPS reporter cell lines for identification and selection of pluripotent stem cells in vitro. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:251-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Damdindorj L, Karnan S, Ota A, Hossain E, Konishi Y, Hosokawa Y, Konishi H. A comparative analysis of constitutive promoters located in adeno-associated viral vectors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106472. [PMID: 25170953 PMCID: PMC4149579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of constitutive promoters within adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have not yet been fully characterized. In this study, AAV vectors, in which enhanced GFP expression was directed by one of the six constitutive promoters (human β-actin, human elongation factor-1α, chicken β-actin combined with cytomegalovirus early enhancer, cytomegalovirus (CMV), simian virus 40, and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase), were constructed and introduced into the HCT116, DLD-1, HT-1080, and MCF-10A cell lines. Quantification of GFP signals in infected cells demonstrated that the CMV promoter produced the highest GFP expression in the six promoters and maintained relatively high GFP expression for up to eight weeks after infection of HCT116, DLD-1, and HT-1080. Exogenous human CDKN2A gene expression was also introduced into DLD-1 and MCF-10A in a similar pattern by using AAV vectors bearing the human β-actin and the CMV promoters. The six constitutive promoters were subsequently placed upstream of the neomycin resistance gene within AAV vectors, and HCT116, DLD-1, and HT-1080 were infected with the resulting vectors. Of the six promoters, the CMV promoter produced the largest number of G418-resistant colonies in all three cell lines. Because AAV vectors have been frequently used as a platform to construct targeting vectors that permit gene editing in human cell lines, we lastly infected the three cell lines with AAV-based targeting vectors against the human PIGA gene in which one of the six promoters regulate the neomycin resistance gene. This assay revealed that the CMV promoter led to the lowest PIGA gene targeting efficiency in the investigated promoters. These results provide a clue to the identification of constitutive promoters suitable to express exogenous genes with AAV vectors, as well as those helpful to conduct efficient gene targeting using AAV-based targeting vectors in human cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lkhagvasuren Damdindorj
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sivasundaram Karnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akinobu Ota
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ekhtear Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuko Konishi
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konishi
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Gusti V, Bennett KM, Lo DD. CD137 signaling enhances tight junction resistance in intestinal epithelial cells. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e12090. [PMID: 25096552 PMCID: PMC4246582 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of Caco-2-BBe intestinal epithelial cells (BBe) with TNF-α and lymphotoxin-β (LT-β) receptor agonists induced the expression of the TNF receptor superfamily gene TNFRSF9/CD137. In the gut, these cytokines are known to be involved in both inflammatory responses and development of organized lymphoid tissues; thus, it was notable that in CD137-deficient mice Peyer's patch M cells lacked transcytosis function. To examine the direct effect of CD137 expression on epithelial cell function independent of other cytokine effects including CD137L triggering, we stably transfected BBe cells to express CD137. CD137 was found at the cell surface as well as the cytoplasm, and confocal microscopy suggested that aggregates of CD137 at the lateral and basolateral surface may be associated with cytoplasmic actin filament termini. Many of the CD137 clusters were colocalized with extracellular fibronectin providing a possible alternative ligand for CD137. Interestingly, we found that CD137-expressing cells showed significantly higher transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) accompanied by an increase in claudin-4 and decrease in claudin-3 protein expression. By contrast, transfection with a truncated CD137 lacking the cytoplasmic signaling domain did not affect TEER. Finally, CD137-deficient mice showed increased intestinal permeability upon dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment as compared to control mice. Our results suggest that cytokine-induced expression of CD137 may be important in enhancing epithelial barrier function in the presence of intestinal inflammation as well as influencing cytoskeletal organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Gusti
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California
| | - Kaila M. Bennett
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California
| | - David D. Lo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California
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Chen KG, Hamilton RS, Robey PG, Mallon BS. Alternative cultures for human pluripotent stem cell production, maintenance, and genetic analysis. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 25077932 DOI: 10.3791/51519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great promise for regenerative medicine and biopharmaceutical applications. Currently, optimal culture and efficient expansion of large amounts of clinical-grade hPSCs are critical issues in hPSC-based therapies. Conventionally, hPSCs are propagated as colonies on both feeder and feeder-free culture systems. However, these methods have several major limitations, including low cell yields and generation of heterogeneously differentiated cells. To improve current hPSC culture methods, we have recently developed a new method, which is based on non-colony type monolayer (NCM) culture of dissociated single cells. Here, we present detailed NCM protocols based on the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632. We also provide new information regarding NCM culture with different small molecules such as Y-39983 (ROCK I inhibitor), phenylbenzodioxane (ROCK II inhibitor), and thiazovivin (a novel ROCK inhibitor). We further extend our basic protocol to cultivate hPSCs on defined extracellular proteins such as the laminin isoform 521 (LN-521) without the use of ROCK inhibitors. Moreover, based on NCM, we have demonstrated efficient transfection or transduction of plasmid DNAs, lentiviral particles, and oligonucleotide-based microRNAs into hPSCs in order to genetically modify these cells for molecular analyses and drug discovery. The NCM-based methods overcome the major shortcomings of colony-type culture, and thus may be suitable for producing large amounts of homogeneous hPSCs for future clinical therapies, stem cell research, and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Chen
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health;
| | - Rebecca S Hamilton
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health
| | - Barbara S Mallon
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health
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Lectez B, Migotti R, Lee SY, Ramirez J, Beraza N, Mansfield B, Sutherland JD, Martinez-Chantar ML, Dittmar G, Mayor U. Ubiquitin profiling in liver using a transgenic mouse with biotinylated ubiquitin. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3016-26. [PMID: 24730562 DOI: 10.1021/pr5001913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is behind most cellular processes, with ubiquitin substrates being regulated variously according to the number of covalently conjugated ubiquitin molecules and type of chain formed. Here we report the first mammalian system for ubiquitin proteomics allowing direct validation of the MS-identified proteins. We created a transgenic mouse expressing biotinylated ubiquitin and demonstrate its use for the isolation of ubiquitinated proteins from liver and other tissues. The specificity and strength of the biotin-avidin interaction allow very stringent washes, so only proteins conjugated to ubiquitin are isolated. In contrast with recently available antibody-based approaches, our strategy allows direct validation by immunoblotting, therefore revealing the type of ubiquitin chains (mono or poly) formed in vivo. We also identify the conjugating E2 enzymes that are ubiquitin-loaded in the mouse tissue. Furthermore, our strategy allows the identification of candidate cysteine-ubiquitinated proteins, providing a strategy to identify those on a proteomic scale. The novel in vivo system described here allows broad access to tissue-specific ubiquitomes and can be combined with established mouse disease models to investigate ubiquitin-dependent therapeutical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Lectez
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Teknologia Parkea , Building 801-A, 48160 Derio, Basque Country, Spain
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Wen S, Zhang H, Li Y, Wang N, Zhang W, Yang K, Wu N, Chen X, Deng F, Liao Z, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Yan Z, Liu W, Zhang Z, Ye J, Deng Y, Zhou G, Luu HH, Haydon RC, Shi LL, He TC, Wei G. Characterization of constitutive promoters for piggyBac transposon-mediated stable transgene expression in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). PLoS One 2014; 9:e94397. [PMID: 24714676 PMCID: PMC3979777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can undergo self-renewal and give rise to multi-lineages under given differentiation cues. It is frequently desirable to achieve a stable and high level of transgene expression in MSCs in order to elucidate possible molecular mechanisms through which MSC self-renewal and lineage commitment are regulated. Retroviral or lentiviral vector-mediated gene expression in MSCs usually decreases over time. Here, we choose to use the piggyBac transposon system and conduct a systematic comparison of six commonly-used constitutive promoters for their abilities to drive RFP or firefly luciferase expression in somatic HEK-293 cells and MSC iMEF cells. The analyzed promoters include three viral promoters (CMV, CMV-IVS, and SV40), one housekeeping gene promoter (UbC), and two composite promoters of viral and housekeeping gene promoters (hEFH and CAG-hEFH). CMV-derived promoters are shown to drive the highest transgene expression in HEK-293 cells, which is however significantly reduced in MSCs. Conversely, the composite promoter hEFH exhibits the highest transgene expression in MSCs whereas its promoter activity is modest in HEK-293 cells. The reduced transgene expression driven by CMV promoters in MSCs may be at least in part caused by DNA methylation, or to a lesser extent histone deacetlyation. However, the hEFH promoter is not significantly affected by these epigenetic modifications. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the hEFH composite promoter may be an ideal promoter to drive long-term and high level transgene expression using the piggyBac transposon vector in progenitor cells such as MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wen
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Pediatrics, Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy and Engineering Center, and Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yasha Li
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Pediatrics, Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy and Engineering Center, and Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Departments of Cell Biology and Oncology of the Affiliated Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Clinical Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Pediatrics, Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy and Engineering Center, and Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ningning Wu
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Pediatrics, Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy and Engineering Center, and Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Clinical Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Clinical Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Departments of Cell Biology and Oncology of the Affiliated Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhan Liao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Affiliated Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Clinical Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Pediatrics, Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy and Engineering Center, and Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Zhengjian Yan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Clinical Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Pediatrics, Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy and Engineering Center, and Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Zhonglin Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jixing Ye
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youlin Deng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Clinical Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guolin Zhou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lewis L. Shi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Pediatrics, Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy and Engineering Center, and Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Clinical Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (TCH); (GW)
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Pediatrics, Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy and Engineering Center, and Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (TCH); (GW)
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Schwanke K, Merkert S, Kempf H, Hartung S, Jara-Avaca M, Templin C, Göhring G, Haverich A, Martin U, Zweigerdt R. Fast and efficient multitransgenic modification of human pluripotent stem cells. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2014; 25:136-53. [PMID: 24483184 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2012.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent a prime cell source for pharmacological research and regenerative therapies because of their extensive expansion potential and their ability to differentiate into essentially all somatic lineages in vitro. Improved methods to stably introduce multiple transgenes into hPSCs will promote, for example, their preclinical testing by facilitating lineage differentiation and purification in vitro and the subsequent in vivo monitoring of respective progenies after their transplantation into relevant animal models. To date, the establishment of stable transgenic hPSC lines is still laborious and time-consuming. Current limitations include the low transfection efficiency of hPSCs via nonviral methods, the inefficient recovery of genetically engineered clones, and the silencing of transgene expression. Here we describe a fast, electroporation-based method for the generation of multitransgenic hPSC lines by overcoming the need for any preadaptation of conventional hPSC cultures to feeder-free conditions before genetic manipulation. We further show that the selection for a single antibiotic resistance marker encoded on one plasmid allowed for the stable genomic (co-)integration of up to two additional, independent expression plasmids. The method thereby enables the straightforward, nonviral generation of valuable multitransgenic hPSC lines in a single step. Practical applicability of the method is demonstrated for antibiotic-based lineage enrichment in vitro and for sodium iodide symporter transgene-based in situ cell imaging after intramyocardial cell infusion into explanted pig hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Schwanke
- 1 Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO) , Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Mattis VB, Wakeman DR, Tom C, Dodiya HB, Yeung SY, Tran AH, Bernau K, Ornelas L, Sahabian A, Reidling J, Sareen D, Thompson LM, Kordower JH, Svendsen CN. Neonatal immune-tolerance in mice does not prevent xenograft rejection. Exp Neurol 2014; 254:90-8. [PMID: 24440640 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Assessing the efficacy of human stem cell transplantation in rodent models is complicated by the significant immune rejection that occurs. Two recent reports have shown conflicting results using neonatal tolerance to xenografts in rats. Here we extend this approach to mice and assess whether neonatal tolerance can prevent the rapid rejection of xenografts. In three strains of neonatal immune-intact mice, using two different brain transplant regimes and three independent stem cell types, we conclusively show that there is rapid rejection of the implanted cells. We also address specific challenges associated with the generation of humanized mouse models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia B Mattis
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Colton Tom
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Loren Ornelas
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anais Sahabian
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Dhruv Sareen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Clive N Svendsen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Benabdellah K, Gutierrez-Guerrero A, Cobo M, Muñoz P, Martín F. A chimeric HS4-SAR insulator (IS2) that prevents silencing and enhances expression of lentiviral vectors in pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84268. [PMID: 24400083 PMCID: PMC3882226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin insulators, such as the chicken β-globin locus control region hypersensitive site 4 (HS4), and scaffold/matrix attachment regions (SARs/MARs) have been incorporated separately or in combination into retroviral vectors (RVs) in order to increase transgene expression levels, avoid silencing and reduce expression variability. However, their incorporation into RVs either produces a reduction on titer and/or expression levels or do not have sufficient effect on stem cells. In order to develop an improved insulator we decided to combine SAR elements with HS4 insulators. We designed several synthetic shorter SAR elements containing 4 or 5 MAR/SARs recognition signatures (MRS) and studied their effects on a lentiviral vector (LV) expressing eGFP through the SFFV promoter (SE). A 388 bp SAR element containing 5 MRS, named SAR2, was as efficient or superior to the other SARs analyzed. SAR2 enhanced transgene expression and reduced silencing and variability on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We next compared the effect of different HS4-based insulators, the HS4-Core (250 bp), the HS4-Ext (400 bp) and the HS4-650 (650 bp). All HS4 elements reduced silencing and expression variability but they also had a negative effect on transgene expression levels and titer. In general, the HS4-650 element had a better overall effect. Based on these data we developed a chimeric insulator, IS2, combining the SAR2 and the HS4-650. When incorporated into the 3′ LTR of the SE LV, the IS2 element was able to enhance expression, avoid silencing and reduce variability of expression on hESCs. Importantly, these effects were maintained after differentiation of the transduced hESCs toward the hematopoietic linage. Neither the HS4-650 nor the SAR2 elements had these effects. The IS2 element is therefore a novel insulator that confers expression stability and enhances expression of LVs on stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Benabdellah
- Human DNA Variability Department, GENYO - Centre for Genomic and Oncological Research (Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail: (FM); (KB)
| | - Alejandra Gutierrez-Guerrero
- Human DNA Variability Department, GENYO - Centre for Genomic and Oncological Research (Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marién Cobo
- Human DNA Variability Department, GENYO - Centre for Genomic and Oncological Research (Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Muñoz
- Human DNA Variability Department, GENYO - Centre for Genomic and Oncological Research (Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín
- Human DNA Variability Department, GENYO - Centre for Genomic and Oncological Research (Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail: (FM); (KB)
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Chen KG, Mallon BS, McKay RDG, Robey PG. Human pluripotent stem cell culture: considerations for maintenance, expansion, and therapeutics. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 14:13-26. [PMID: 24388173 PMCID: PMC3915741 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide powerful resources for application in regenerative medicine and pharmaceutical development. In the past decade, various methods have been developed for large-scale hPSC culture that rely on combined use of multiple growth components, including media containing various growth factors, extracellular matrices, 3D environmental cues, and modes of multicellular association. In this Protocol Review, we dissect these growth components by comparing cell culture methods and identifying the benefits and pitfalls associated with each one. We further provide criteria, considerations, and suggestions to achieve optimal cell growth for hPSC expansion, differentiation, and use in future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Chen
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Barbara S Mallon
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ronald D G McKay
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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50
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