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Dos Santos JCC, Mano GBC, da Cunha Barreto-Vianna AR, Garcia TFM, de Vasconcelos AV, Sá CSG, de Souza Santana SL, Farias AGP, Seimaru B, Lima MPP, Goes JVC, Gusmão CTP, Junior HLR. The Molecular Impact of Glucosylceramidase Beta 1 (Gba1) in Parkinson's Disease: a New Genetic State of the Art. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6754-6770. [PMID: 38347286 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting 2-3% of those aged over 65, characterized by motor symptoms like slow movement, tremors, and muscle rigidity, along with non-motor symptoms such as anxiety and dementia. Lewy bodies, clumps of misfolded proteins, contribute to neuron loss in PD. Mutations in the GBA1 gene are considered the primary genetic risk factor of PD. GBA1 mutations result in decreased activity of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase) resulting in α-synuclein accumulation. We know that α-synuclein aggregation, lysosomal dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum disturbance are recognized factors to PD susceptibility; however, the molecular mechanisms connecting GBA1 gene mutations to increased PD risk remain partly unknown. Thus, in this narrative review conducted according to a systematic review method, we aimed to present the main contributions arising from the molecular impact of the GBA1 gene to the pathogenesis of PD providing new insights into potential impacts for advances in the clinical care of people with PD, a neurological disorder that has contributed to the substantial increase in the global burden of disease accentuated by the aging population. In summary, this narrative review highlights the multifaceted impact of GBA1 mutations in PD, exploring their role in clinical manifestations, genetic predispositions, and molecular mechanisms. The review emphasizes the importance of GBA1 mutations in both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD, suggesting broader therapeutic and management strategies. It also discusses the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in advancing PD treatment and the need for future research to integrate these diverse aspects for improved diagnostics and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio César Claudino Dos Santos
- Christus University Center, UNICHRISTUS, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
- Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Tulia Fernanda Meira Garcia
- Multicampi School of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Caico, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Gabriela Ponte Farias
- Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Seimaru
- Barão de Mauá University Center, CBM, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Vitor Caetano Goes
- Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program of Pathology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | | | - Howard Lopes Ribeiro Junior
- Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program of Pathology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
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2
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Chen Y, Xie WY, Xia D, Zhang MT, Sun YR, Duan WX, Shen Y, Wang F, Qu WM, Huang ZL, Liu CF. GBA-AAV mitigates sleep disruptions and motor deficits in mice with REM sleep behavior disorder. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:142. [PMID: 39095359 PMCID: PMC11297138 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00756-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances, including rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), excessive daytime sleepiness, and insomnia, are common non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD). Little is known about the underlying mechanisms, partly due to the inability of current rodent models to adequately mimic the human PD sleep phenotype. Clinically, increasing studies have reported that variants of the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) increase the risk of PD. Here, we developed a mouse model characterized by sleep-wakefulness by injecting α-synuclein preformed fibronectin (PFF) into the sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus (SLD) of GBA L444P mutant mice and investigated the role of the GBA L444P variant in the transition from rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder to PD. Initially, we analyzed spectral correlates of REM and NREM sleep in GBA L444P mutant mice. Importantly, EEG power spectral analysis revealed that GBA L444P mutation mice exhibited reduced delta power during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and increased theta power (8.2-10 Hz) in active rapid eye movement (REM) sleep phases. Our study revealed that GBA L444P-mutant mice, after receiving PFF injections, exhibited increased sleep fragmentation, significant motor and cognitive dysfunctions, and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Furthermore, the over-expression of GBA-AAV partially improved these sleep disturbances and motor and cognitive impairments. In conclusion, we present the initial evidence that the GBA L444P mutant mouse serves as an essential tool in understanding the complex sleep disturbances associated with PD. This model further provides insights into potential therapeutic approaches, particularly concerning α-synuclein accumulation and its subsequent pathological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Ye Xie
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China
| | - Dong Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mu-Tian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Rui Sun
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Neurology, Xiongan Xuanwu Hospital, 071700, Xiongan, China.
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3
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Yang Y, Zhou ZD, Yi L, Tan BJW, Tan EK. Interaction between caffeine consumption & genetic susceptibility in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102381. [PMID: 38914264 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine is one of the most consumed psychoactive substances globally. Caffeine-gene interactions in Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been systematically examined. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review on the interaction between caffeine consumption and genetic susceptibility to PD. METHODOLOGY We conducted PubMed and Embase search using terms "Genetic association studies", "Caffeine", "polymorphism" and "Parkinson's disease", from inception till 2023. Of the initial 2391 studies, 21 case-control studies were included. The demographic, genetic and clinical data were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS We identified 21 studies which involved a total of 607,074 study subjects and 17 gene loci (SNCA, MAPT, HLA-DRA, NOS1, NOS3, GBA, ApoE, BST1, ESR2, NAT2, SLC2A13, LRRK2, NOS2A, GRIN2A, CYP1A2, ESR1, ADORA2A) have been investigated for the effect of gene-caffeine interaction and PD risk. The genes were identified through PD GWAS or involved in caffeine or related metabolism pathways. Based on the genetic association and interaction studies, only MAPT, SLC2A13, LRRK2, ApoE, NOS2A, GRIN2A, CYP1A2, and ADORA2A have been shown by at least one study to have a positive caffeine-gene interaction influencing the risk of PD. CONCLUSION Studies have shown an interaction between caffeine with genetic variants of MAPT, SLC2A13, LRRK2, ApoE, NOS2A, GRIN2A, CYP1A2, and ADORA2A in modulating the risk of PD. Due to the potential limitations of these discovery/pilot studies, further independent replication studies are needed. Better designed genetic association studies in multi-ancestry and admixed cohorts to identify potential shared or unique multivariate gene-environmental interactions, as well as functional studies of gene-caffeine interactions will be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Zhi Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Lingxiao Yi
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore.
| | | | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
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Davighi MG, Clemente F, Andreasen ES, Nielsen MB, Matassini C, Goti A, Morrone A, Paoli P, Cardona F, Cacciarini M. Iminosugar-Dihydroazulenes as Mutant L444P Glucocerebrosidase Enhancers. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202401104. [PMID: 38847390 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202401104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
A remarkable enhancer of human glucocerebrosidase enzyme (GCase) was identified among a set of dihydroazulene-tagged iminosugars. An unprecedented 3.9-fold increase in GCase activity was detected on fibroblasts bearing the homozygous L444P mutation, which is frequently associated with neuronopathic Gaucher forms, and which commonly results refractory to chaperone-induced refolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Davighi
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
| | - Francesca Clemente
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
| | - Emilie Sperling Andreasen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Camilla Matassini
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
| | - Andrea Goti
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
| | - Amelia Morrone
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Neuroscience and Medical Genetics, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Firenze, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesca Cardona
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
| | - Martina Cacciarini
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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5
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Filippini F, Galli T. Unveiling defects of secretion mechanisms in Parkinson's disease. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107603. [PMID: 39059489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive dysfunction and loss of specific sets of neurons. While extensive research has focused on elucidating the genetic and epigenetic factors and molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders, emerging evidence highlights the critical role of secretion in the pathogenesis, possibly even onset, and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting the occurrence of non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. Secretion is a fundamental process that regulates intercellular communication, supports cellular homeostasis, and orchestrates various physiological functions in the body. Defective secretion can impair the release of neurotransmitters and other signaling molecules, disrupting synaptic transmission and compromising neuronal survival. It can also contribute to the accumulation, misfolding, and aggregation of disease-associated proteins, leading to neurotoxicity and neuronal dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the implications of defective secretion in the context of Parkinson's disease, emphasizing its role in protein aggregation, synaptic dysfunction, extracellular vesicle secretion, and neuroinflammation. We propose a multiple-hit model whereby protein accumulation and secretory defects must be combined for the onset and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Filippini
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thierry Galli
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, Paris, France; Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France.
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6
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Perez L, Dioun S, Primiano M, Blank SV, Lipkin S, Ahsan MD, Brewer J, Fowlkes RK, Abdul-Rahman O, Hou J, Wright JD, Kang HJ, Sharaf R, Prabhu M, Frey MK. Considering screening for hereditary cancer syndromes at the time of obstetrical prenatal carrier screening. Cancer 2024. [PMID: 39037959 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Preconception and pregnancy represent a unique window of opportunity for women to engage with the health care system. This article explores the possibility of offering testing for cancer‐associated pathogenic variants on obstetrical carrier screening panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Perez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shayan Dioun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michelle Primiano
- Genetics and Personalized Cancer Prevention Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie V Blank
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
- The Blavatnik Family Women's Health Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven Lipkin
- Department of Medicine and Program in Mendelian Genetics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Muhammad Danyal Ahsan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Genetics and Personalized Cancer Prevention Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jesse Brewer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rana Khan Fowlkes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Omar Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - June Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jason D Wright
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hey Joo Kang
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ravi Sharaf
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Malavika Prabhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa K Frey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Genetics and Personalized Cancer Prevention Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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7
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Colijn MA. Quetiapine, Clozapine, and Pimavanserin Treatment Response in Monogenic Parkinson's Disease Psychosis: A Systematic Review. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:0. [PMID: 39034670 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20230231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Psychotic symptoms frequently occur in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and often require treatment with antipsychotic therapy. Most antipsychotics have the potential to worsen the motor symptoms of PD; quetiapine, clozapine, and pimavanserin are commonly used for the treatment of idiopathic PD because these medications tend to be comparatively well tolerated. Although psychotic symptoms may also occur in monogenic forms of PD, no reviews have focused on the use of antipsychotic medications in this context. The objective of the present systematic review was to characterize the effectiveness and tolerability of quetiapine, clozapine, and pimavanserin in monogenic PD-associated psychosis. A literature search was performed with PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. The search yielded 24 eligible articles describing 30 individuals, although treatment response with respect to psychotic symptoms was described in only 11 cases; of these, six individuals experienced symptomatic improvement or remission (four with clozapine and two with quetiapine), two exhibited a poor therapeutic response (one to clozapine and one to quetiapine), and the other three responded initially to antipsychotic therapy before experiencing a recurrence of symptoms. The use of quetiapine and clozapine in GBA variant-associated PD is briefly reviewed separately. Notably, no reports of pimavanserin therapy were identified. In keeping with the idiopathic PD literature, relatively low doses of medication were used in most cases. Lastly, side effects were rarely reported. Although quetiapine and particularly clozapine may be effective and well tolerated in the treatment of monogenic PD psychosis, this review highlights the paucity of available evidence to guide clinical decision making in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ainsley Colijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada
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8
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Kim H, Kim SJ. Upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ with resorcinol alleviates reactive oxygen species generation and lipid accumulation in neuropathic lysosomal storage diseases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 174:106631. [PMID: 39038642 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Neuropathic lysosomal storage diseases (NLSDs), including ceroid lipofuscinosis neuronal 3 (CLN3) disease and Gaucher disease type 2 (GD2), are typically present in adolescents; however, there are no approved therapies. CLN3 disease is the most common of the 13 types of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, and Gaucher disease is the most common type of lysosomal storage disease. These NLSDs share oxidative stress and lysosomal dysfunction with Parkinson's disease. In this study, we used patient-derived cells (PDCs) and resorcinol to develop a therapeutic agent based on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation. PPARγ is a major regulator of autophagy and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Resorcinol, a polyphenolic compound, has been reported to exhibit PPARγ agonistic potential. Protein levels were analyzed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Changes in cellular metabolism, including ROS levels, lipid droplet content, and lysosomal activity, were measured by flow cytometry. Resorcinol reduced ROS levels by suppressing hypoxia-inducible factor 1α levels in CLN3-PDCs. Resorcinol upregulated autophagy and reduced lipid accumulation in CLN3-PDCs; however, these effects were abolished by autophagy inhibitors. Resorcinol increased nuclear PPARγ levels in CLN3-PDCs, and PPARγ antagonists abolished the therapeutic effects of resorcinol. Moreover, Resorcinol upregulated nuclear PPARγ levels and lysosomal activity in GD2-PDCs, and reduced lipid accumulation and ROS levels. In summary, resorcinol alleviated the shared pathogenesis of CLN3 disease and GD2 through PPARγ upregulation. These findings suggest that resorcinol is a potential therapeutic candidate for alleviating NLSD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungkuen Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Baebang, Asan 31499, South Korea
| | - Sung-Jo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Baebang, Asan 31499, South Korea.
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9
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Cs Szabo B, Szabo M, Nagy P, Varga Z, Panyi G, Kovacs T, Zakany F. Novel insights into the modulation of the voltage-gated potassium channel K V1.3 activation gating by membrane ceramides. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100596. [PMID: 39019344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane lipids extensively modulate the activation gating of voltage-gated potassium channels (KV), however, much less is known about the mechanisms of ceramide and glucosylceramide actions including which structural element is the main intramolecular target and whether there is any contribution of indirect, membrane biophysics-related mechanisms to their actions. We used two-electrode voltage-clamp fluorometry capable of recording currents and fluorescence signals to simultaneously monitor movements of the pore domain (PD) and the voltage sensor domain (VSD) of the KV1.3 ion channel after attaching an MTS-TAMRA fluorophore to a cysteine introduced into the extracellular S3-S4 loop of the VSD. We observed rightward shifts in the conductance-voltage (G-V) relationship, slower current activation kinetics, and reduced current amplitudes in response to loading the membrane with C16-ceramide (Cer) or C16-glucosylceramide (GlcCer). When analyzing VSD movements, only Cer induced a rightward shift in the fluorescence signal-voltage (F-V) relationship and slowed fluorescence activation kinetics, whereas GlcCer exerted no such effects. These results point at a distinctive mechanism of action with Cer primarily targeting the VSD, while GlcCer only the PD of KV1.3. Using environment-sensitive probes and fluorescence-based approaches, we show that Cer and GlcCer similarly increase molecular order in the inner, hydrophobic regions of bilayers, however, Cer induces a robust molecular reorganization at the membrane-water interface. We propose that this unique ordering effect in the outermost membrane layer in which the main VSD rearrangement involving an outward sliding of the top of S4 occurs can explain the VSD targeting mechanism of Cer, which is unavailable for GlcCer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Cs Szabo
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mate Szabo
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamas Kovacs
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Florina Zakany
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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10
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Wang Q, Gu X, Yang L, Jiang Y, Zhang J, He J. Emerging perspectives on precision therapy for Parkinson's disease: multidimensional evidence leading to a new breakthrough in personalized medicine. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1417515. [PMID: 39026991 PMCID: PMC11254646 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1417515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
PD is a prevalent and progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms. Genes play a significant role in the onset and progression of the disease. While the complexity and pleiotropy of gene expression networks have posed challenges for gene-targeted therapies, numerous pathways of gene variant expression show promise as therapeutic targets in preclinical studies, with some already in clinical trials. With the recognition of the numerous genes and complex pathways that can influence PD, it may be possible to take a novel approach to choose a treatment for the condition. This approach would be based on the symptoms, genomics, and underlying mechanisms of the disease. We discuss the utilization of emerging genetic and pathological knowledge of PD patients to categorize the disease into subgroups. Our long-term objective is to generate new insights for the therapeutic approach to the disease, aiming to delay and treat it more effectively, and ultimately reduce the burden on individuals and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuan Gu
- Department of Trauma center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The People’s Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinting He
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Imbalzano G, Ledda C, Romagnolo A, Covolo A, Lopiano L, Artusi CA. Neurological symptoms in adults with Gaucher disease: a systematic review. J Neurol 2024; 271:3897-3907. [PMID: 38771384 PMCID: PMC11233309 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gaucher disease (GD) is classically divided into three types, based on the presence or absence of neurological signs and symptoms. However, presentation can be highly variable in adulthood, and this aspect has not been adequately addressed in the literature so far. We performed a systematic literature review to analyze the entire spectrum of neurological manifestations in adult patients previously classified as GD type I, II, or III, evaluating the role of variants in different neurological manifestations. METHODS We searched databases for studies reporting clinical data of adult GD patients (age ≥ 18). Data extraction included GD types, GBA1 variants, age at disease onset and diagnosis, duration of GD, and age at onset and type of neurological symptoms reported. RESULTS Among 4190 GD patients from 85 studies, 555 exhibited neurological symptoms in adulthood. The median age at evaluation was 46.8 years (IQR 26.5), age at neurological symptoms onset was 44 years (IQR 35.1), and age at GD clinical onset was 23 years (IQR 23.4). Parkinsonism, including Parkinson's disease and Lewy Body dementia, was the most reported neurological manifestation. Other symptoms and signs encompassed oculomotor abnormalities, peripheral neuropathy, seizures, myoclonus, and cerebellar, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. The genotype N370S/N370S mostly presented with Parkinsonism and the L444P variant with severe and earlier neurological symptoms. CONCLUSION The findings of this systematic review highlight: (1) the relevance of a comprehensive neurological assessment in GD patients, and (2) the importance of considering possible undiagnosed GD in adult patients with mild systemic symptoms presenting unexplained neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Imbalzano
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
- SC Neurologia 2U, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Corso Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Ledda
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
- SC Neurologia 2U, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Corso Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Romagnolo
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
- SC Neurologia 2U, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Corso Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Covolo
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
- SC Neurologia 2U, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Corso Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Leonardo Lopiano
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
- SC Neurologia 2U, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Corso Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Artusi
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- SC Neurologia 2U, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Corso Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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12
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Chang CW, Tan CH, Hong WP, Yu RL. GBA moderates cognitive reserve's effect on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2024; 271:4392-4405. [PMID: 38656622 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reserve (CR) involves an individual's ability to maintain cognitive vitality over their lifespan. Glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene mutations contribute to additional effects on cognitive function in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, but the interplay between GBA mutations and CR remains unclear. We investigated the interactions among CR, GBA, and diseases, aiming to examine whether the CR established at different stages interacts with specific genotypes to affect cognitive function. METHODS Three hundred and eighteen participants' CR indicators (i.e., education, occupation, and social function) and comprehensive neuropsychological function (i.e., tests for executive function, attention/working memory, visuospatial function, memory, and language) were evaluated. RESULTS We found that CR established in a specific life stage influences the individual's cognitive function, particularly in PD, based on their distinct GBA rs9628662 genotypes. Attention/working memory and memory performance are affected by occupational complexity in midlife in PD patients with the GG genotype (q < 0.0001; q < 0.0001) and healthy adults with the T genotype (q = 0.0440; q < 0.0001). Language is influenced by early education and occupation, and the effects of occupation are also observed in PD patients with the GG genotype (q = 0.0040) and in healthy adults carrying the T genotype (q = 0.0040). CONCLUSIONS CR, established at different life stages, can be influenced by the GBA rs9628662 genotype, impacting later-life cognition. Validating genotypes and incorporating genotype information when assessing cognitive reserve effects is crucial and can enhance targeted cognitive training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Chang
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Tan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Pin Hong
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Rwei-Ling Yu
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Office of Strategic Planning, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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13
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Cohen ME, Shechter Y, Eichel R, Yahalom G. A benign course of Parkinson's disease associated with different mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene - A case series. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 124:106990. [PMID: 38735164 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjects carrying mutations in the GBA gene, whether in one or two alleles pose a risk to develop Parkinson's disease (PD). This type of GBA-related PD has usually a severe course, and patients tend to develop cognitive deficits faster. Herein we describe 8 cases of GBA-PD patients with a markedly benign course (bGBA-PD), and compared them to the other regular GBA-PD group (rGBA-PD) and to mutation negative patients (MNP). METHODS All patients who performed next generation testing were enrolled. We defined bGBA-PD as patients with disease duration of at least 5 years, with Hoehn and Yahr (HY) ≤3 and MoCA score of ≥24. Following a selection of patients with a disease duration of 3 years or longer up to 15 years or shorter, we compared the bGBA-PD group to the rGBA-PD and MNP in terms of demographic and clinical features. RESULTS 166 patients (58 males) diagnosed with PD were genotyped. Twenty-five patients were GBA-PD, of whom 7 were defined as bGBA-PD. Seventeen patients were LRRK2-PD and 123 patients were MNP. The rate of Rapide Eye Movement Behavioral Disorder (RBD) was highest in the rGBA-PD group and lowest in the bGBA-PD group (100 % vs. 28.6 %) (p < 0.001). The bGBA-PD group scored significantly higher in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) than rGBA-PD and MNP (27.6 ± 2.0 vs. 19.8 ± 3.9 vs. 23.5 ± 3.7, respectively; p = 0.006). There were no significant differences in MDS-UPDRS part-3 among the groups. There was no specific GBA mutation which was more commonly associated with bGBA-PD. CONCLUSION While GBA-PD has a severe course of disease, a subgroup of which shows a benign course with a relatively preserved cognitive function even years after onset. We might suggest that these cases have other pathomechanisms leading to PD, including an incidental GBA carriership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhal E Cohen
- Department of Neurology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and School of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; The Movement Disorders Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Yosef Shechter
- Department of Neurology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and School of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; The Movement Disorders Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roni Eichel
- Department of Neurology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and School of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilad Yahalom
- Department of Neurology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and School of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; The Movement Disorders Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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14
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Skrahin A, Horowitz M, Istaiti M, Skrahina V, Lukas J, Yahalom G, Cohen ME, Revel-Vilk S, Goker-Alpan O, Becker-Cohen M, Hassin-Baer S, Svenningsson P, Rolfs A, Zimran A. GBA1-Associated Parkinson's Disease Is a Distinct Entity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7102. [PMID: 39000225 PMCID: PMC11241486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
GBA1-associated Parkinson's disease (GBA1-PD) is increasingly recognized as a distinct entity within the spectrum of parkinsonian disorders. This review explores the unique pathophysiological features, clinical progression, and genetic underpinnings that differentiate GBA1-PD from idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD). GBA1-PD typically presents with earlier onset and more rapid progression, with a poor response to standard PD medications. It is marked by pronounced cognitive impairment and a higher burden of non-motor symptoms compared to iPD. Additionally, patients with GBA1-PD often exhibit a broader distribution of Lewy bodies within the brain, accentuating neurodegenerative processes. The pathogenesis of GBA1-PD is closely associated with mutations in the GBA1 gene, which encodes the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). In this review, we discuss two mechanisms by which GBA1 mutations contribute to disease development: 'haploinsufficiency,' where a single functional gene copy fails to produce a sufficient amount of GCase, and 'gain of function,' where the mutated GCase acquires harmful properties that directly impact cellular mechanisms for alpha-synuclein degradation, leading to alpha-synuclein aggregation and neuronal cell damage. Continued research is advancing our understanding of how these mechanisms contribute to the development and progression of GBA1-PD, with the 'gain of function' mechanism appearing to be the most plausible. This review also explores the implications of GBA1 mutations for therapeutic strategies, highlighting the need for early diagnosis and targeted interventions. Currently, small molecular chaperones have shown the most promising clinical results compared to other agents. This synthesis of clinical, pathological, and molecular aspects underscores the assertion that GBA1-PD is a distinct clinical and pathobiological PD phenotype, necessitating specific management and research approaches to better understand and treat this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksandr Skrahin
- Rare Disease Consulting RCV GmbH, Leibnizstrasse 58, 10629 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mia Horowitz
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Majdolen Istaiti
- Gaucher Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 9103102 Jerusalem, Israel
- Agyany Pharma Ltd., 9695614 Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Jan Lukas
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section Albrecht Kossel, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Gilad Yahalom
- Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 9103102 Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mikhal E. Cohen
- Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 9103102 Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shoshana Revel-Vilk
- Gaucher Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 9103102 Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ozlem Goker-Alpan
- Lysosomal and Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | | | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Movement Disorders Institute, Department of Neurology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, 5262101 Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Basal and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- Rare Disease Consulting RCV GmbH, Leibnizstrasse 58, 10629 Berlin, Germany
- Agyany Pharma Ltd., 9695614 Jerusalem, Israel
- Medical Faculty, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ari Zimran
- Gaucher Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 9103102 Jerusalem, Israel
- Agyany Pharma Ltd., 9695614 Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102 Jerusalem, Israel
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15
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Huang Q, Chan KY, Wu J, Botticello-Romero NR, Zheng Q, Lou S, Keyes C, Svanbergsson A, Johnston J, Mills A, Lin CY, Brauer PP, Clouse G, Pacouret S, Harvey JW, Beddow T, Hurley JK, Tobey IG, Powell M, Chen AT, Barry AJ, Eid FE, Chan YA, Deverman BE. An AAV capsid reprogrammed to bind human transferrin receptor mediates brain-wide gene delivery. Science 2024; 384:1220-1227. [PMID: 38753766 DOI: 10.1126/science.adm8386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Developing vehicles that efficiently deliver genes throughout the human central nervous system (CNS) will broaden the range of treatable genetic diseases. We engineered an adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid, BI-hTFR1, that binds human transferrin receptor (TfR1), a protein expressed on the blood-brain barrier. BI-hTFR1 was actively transported across human brain endothelial cells and, relative to AAV9, provided 40 to 50 times greater reporter expression in the CNS of human TFRC knockin mice. The enhanced tropism was CNS-specific and absent in wild-type mice. When used to deliver GBA1, mutations of which cause Gaucher disease and are linked to Parkinson's disease, BI-hTFR1 substantially increased brain and cerebrospinal fluid glucocerebrosidase activity compared with AAV9. These findings establish BI-hTFR1 as a potential vector for human CNS gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Huang
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Ken Y Chan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Jason Wu
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Nuria R Botticello-Romero
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Qingxia Zheng
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Shan Lou
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Casey Keyes
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Alexander Svanbergsson
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Jencilin Johnston
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Allan Mills
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Chin-Yen Lin
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Pamela P Brauer
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Gabrielle Clouse
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Simon Pacouret
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - John W Harvey
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Thomas Beddow
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Jenna K Hurley
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Isabelle G Tobey
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Megan Powell
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Albert T Chen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Andrew J Barry
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Fatma-Elzahraa Eid
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Yujia A Chan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Benjamin E Deverman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
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16
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Klokkaris A, Migdalska-Richards A. An Overview of Epigenetic Changes in the Parkinson's Disease Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6168. [PMID: 38892355 PMCID: PMC11172855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, predominantly of the motor system. Although some genetic components and cellular mechanisms of Parkinson's have been identified, much is still unknown. In recent years, emerging evidence has indicated that non-DNA-sequence variation (in particular epigenetic mechanisms) is likely to play a crucial role in the development and progression of the disease. Here, we present an up-to-date overview of epigenetic processes including DNA methylation, DNA hydroxymethylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs implicated in the brain of those with Parkinson's disease. We will also discuss the limitations of current epigenetic research in Parkinson's disease, the advantages of simultaneously studying genetics and epigenetics, and putative novel epigenetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Migdalska-Richards
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK;
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17
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Szlepák T, Kossev AP, Csabán D, Illés A, Udvari S, Balicza P, Borsos B, Takáts A, Klivényi P, Molnár MJ. GBA-associated Parkinson's disease in Hungary: clinical features and genetic insights. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2671-2679. [PMID: 38153678 PMCID: PMC11082009 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) has a complex genetic background involving both rare and common genetic variants. Although a small percentage of cases show a clear Mendelian inheritance pattern, it is much more relevant to identify patients who present with a complex genetic profile of risk variants with different severity. The ß-glucocerebrosidase coding gene (GBA1) is recognized as the most frequent genetic risk factor for PD and Lewy body dementia, irrespective of reduction of the enzyme activity due to genetic variants. METHODS In a selected cohort of 190 Hungarian patients with clinical signs of PD and suspected genetic risk, we performed the genetic testing of the GBA1 gene. As other genetic hits can modify clinical features, we also screened for additional rare variants in other neurodegenerative genes and assessed the APOE-ε genotype of the patients. RESULTS In our cohort, we identified 29 GBA1 rare variant (RV) carriers. Out of the six different detected RVs, the highly debated E365K and T408M variants are composed of the majority of them (22 out of 32). Three patients carried two GBA1 variants, and an additional three patients carried rare variants in other neurodegenerative genes (SMPD1, SPG11, and SNCA). We did not observe differences in age at onset or other clinical features of the patients carrying two GBA1 variants or patients carrying heterozygous APOE-ε4 allele. CONCLUSION We need further studies to better understand the drivers of clinical differences in these patients, as this could have important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Szlepák
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN, Multiomic Neurodegeneration Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Annabel P Kossev
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Csabán
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Illés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Udvari
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Balicza
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN, Multiomic Neurodegeneration Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Borsos
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Annamária Takáts
- Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Klivényi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária J Molnár
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- HUN-REN, Multiomic Neurodegeneration Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
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18
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Li Y, Wang Y, Kou L, Yin S, Chi X, Sun Y, Wu J, Jin Z, Zhou Q, Zou W, Wang T, Xia Y. Plasma exosomes impair microglial degradation of α-synuclein through V-ATPase subunit V1G1. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14738. [PMID: 38702933 PMCID: PMC11069054 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microglia are the main phagocytes in the brain and can induce neuroinflammation. Moreover, they are critical to alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation and propagation. Plasma exosomes derived from patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD-exo) reportedly evoked α-syn aggregation and inflammation in microglia. In turn, microglia internalized and released exosomal α-syn, enhancing α-syn propagation. However, the specific mechanism through which PD-exo influences α-syn degradation remains unknown. METHODS Exosomes were extracted from the plasma of patients with PD by differential ultracentrifugation, analyzed using electron microscopy (EM) and nanoparticle flow cytometry, and stereotaxically injected into the unilateral striatum of the mice. Transmission EM was employed to visualize lysosomes and autophagosomes in BV2 cells, and lysosome pH was measured with LysoSensor Yellow/Blue DND-160. Cathepsin B and D, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), ATP6V1G1, tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein, calnexin, α-syn, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 were evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction or western blotting, and α-syn, LAMP1, and ATP6V1G1 were also observed by immunofluorescence. Small interfering ribonucleic acid against V1G1 was transfected into BV2 cells and primary microglia using Lipofectamine® 3000. A PD mouse model was established via injection with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) into mice. A lentiviral-mediated strategy to overexpress ATP6V1G1 in the brain of MPTP-treated mice was employed. Motor coordination was assessed using rotarod and pole tests, and neurodegeneration in the mouse substantia nigra and striatum tissues was determined using immunofluorescence histochemical and western blotting of tyrosine hydroxylase. RESULTS PD-exo decreased the expression of V1G1, responsible for the acidification of intra- and extracellular milieu. This impairment of lysosomal acidification resulted in the accumulation of abnormally swollen lysosomes and decreased lysosomal enzyme activities, impairing lysosomal protein degradation and causing α-syn accumulation. Additionally, V1G1 overexpression conferred the mice neuroprotection during MPTP exposure. CONCLUSION Pathogenic protein accumulation is a key feature of PD, and compromised V-type ATPase dysfunction might participate in PD pathogenesis. Moreover, V1G1 overexpression protects against neuronal toxicity in an MPTP-based PD mouse model, which may provide opportunities to develop novel therapeutic interventions for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunna Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Liang Kou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Sijia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xiaosa Chi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yadi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zongjie Jin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qiulu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Wenkai Zou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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19
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Khani M, Cerquera-Cleves C, Kekenadze M, Crea PAW, Singleton AB, Bandres-Ciga S. Towards a Global View of Parkinson's Disease Genetics. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:831-842. [PMID: 38557965 PMCID: PMC11060911 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a global health challenge, yet historically studies of PD have taken place predominantly in European populations. Recent genetics research conducted in non-European populations has revealed novel population-specific genetic loci linked to PD risk, highlighting the importance of studying PD globally. These insights have broadened our understanding of PD etiology, which is crucial for developing disease-modifying interventions. This review comprehensively explores the global genetic landscape of PD, emphasizing the scientific rationale for studying underrepresented populations. It underscores challenges, such as genotype-phenotype heterogeneity and inclusion difficulties for non-European participants, emphasizing the ongoing need for diverse and inclusive research in PD. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:831-842.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Khani
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catalina Cerquera-Cleves
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, San Ignacio Hospital, Neurology Unit, Bogotá, Colombia
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Axe Neurosciences, Laval University. Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mariam Kekenadze
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, 0141, Georgia
- University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology , WC1N 3BG, London, UK
| | - Peter A. Wild Crea
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew B. Singleton
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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20
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Hamidpour SK, Amiri M, Ketabforoush AHME, Saeedi S, Angaji A, Tavakol S. Unraveling Dysregulated Cell Signaling Pathways, Genetic and Epigenetic Mysteries of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04128-1. [PMID: 38573414 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent and burdensome neurodegenerative disorder that has been extensively researched to understand its complex etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. The interplay between genetic and environmental factors in PD makes its pathophysiology difficult to comprehend, emphasizing the need for further investigation into genetic and epigenetic markers involved in the disease. Early diagnosis is crucial for optimal management of the disease, and the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers is ongoing. Although many efforts have been made in the field of recognition and interpretation of the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, the current knowledge about PD is just the tip of the iceberg. By scrutinizing genetic and epigenetic patterns underlying PD, new avenues can be opened for dissecting the pathology of the disorder, leading to more precise and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review emphasizes the importance of studying dysregulated cell signaling pathways and molecular processes associated with genes and epigenetic alterations in understanding PD, paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayesteh Kokabi Hamidpour
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Amiri
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeedeh Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Abdolhamid Angaji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.
- Department of Research and Development, Tavakol BioMimetic Technologies Company, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Harding KE, Kreft KL, Ben-Shlomo Y, Robertson NP. Prodromal multiple sclerosis: considerations and future utility. J Neurol 2024; 271:2129-2140. [PMID: 38341810 PMCID: PMC10972985 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
A multiple sclerosis (MS) prodrome has recently been described and is characterised by increased rates of healthcare utilisation and an excess frequency of fatigue, bladder problems, sensory symptoms and pain, in the years leading up to clinical onset of disease. This important observation may have several potential applications including in the identification of risk factors for disease, the potential to delay or prevent disease onset and early opportunities to alter disease course. It may also offer possibilities for the use of risk stratification algorithms and effective population screening. If standardised, clearly defined and disease specific, an MS prodrome is also likely to have a profound influence on research and clinical trials directed at the earliest stages of disease. In order to achieve these goals, it is essential to consider experience already gleaned from other disorders. More specifically, in some chronic neurological disorders the understanding of disease pro-drome is now well advanced and has been successfully applied. However, understanding of the MS prodrome remains at an early stage with key questions including the length of the prodrome, symptom specificity and potential benefits of early intervention as yet unanswered. In this review we will explore the evidence available to date and suggest future research strategies to address unanswered questions. In addition, whilst current understanding of the MS prodrome is not yet sufficient to justify changes in public health policy or MS management, we will consider the practical utility and future application of the MS prodrome in a wider health care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine E Harding
- Department of Neurology, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Royal Gwent Hospital, Cardiff Road, Newport, NP20 2UB, UK.
| | - Karim L Kreft
- Department of Neurology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Neil P Robertson
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
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22
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Yoon JH, Lee CY, Schapira AHV. Biochemical consequences of glucocerebrosidase 1 mutations in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:725-727. [PMID: 37843204 PMCID: PMC10664104 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyun Yoon
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chiao-Yin Lee
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Anthony HV Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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23
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Cheslow L, Snook AE, Waldman SA. Biomarkers for Managing Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2024; 14:398. [PMID: 38672416 PMCID: PMC11048498 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are the leading cause of cognitive and physical disability worldwide, affecting 15% of the global population. Due to the demographics of aging, the prevalence of neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, will double over the next two decades. Unfortunately, while available therapies provide symptomatic relief for cognitive and motor impairment, there is an urgent unmet need to develop disease-modifying therapies that slow the rate of pathological progression. In that context, biomarkers could identify at-risk and prodromal patients, monitor disease progression, track responses to therapy, and parse the causality of molecular events to identify novel targets for further clinical investigation. Thus, identifying biomarkers that discriminate between diseases and reflect specific stages of pathology would catalyze the discovery and development of therapeutic targets. This review will describe the prevalence, known mechanisms, ongoing or recently concluded therapeutic clinical trials, and biomarkers of three of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Cheslow
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.C.); (A.E.S.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Adam E. Snook
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.C.); (A.E.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Scott A. Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.C.); (A.E.S.)
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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24
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Trevisan L, Gaudio A, Monfrini E, Avanzino L, Di Fonzo A, Mandich P. Genetics in Parkinson's disease, state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Br Med Bull 2024; 149:60-71. [PMID: 38282031 PMCID: PMC10938543 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is clinically characterized by the presence of motor (bradykinesia, rigidity, rest tremor and postural instability) and non-motor symptoms (cognitive impairment, autonomic dysfunction, sleep disorders, depression and hyposmia). The aetiology of PD is unknown except for a small but significant contribution of monogenic forms. SOURCES OF DATA No new data were generated or analyzed in support of this review. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Up to 15% of PD patients carry pathogenic variants in PD-associated genes. Some of these genes are associated with mendelian inheritance, while others act as risk factors. Genetic background influences age of onset, disease course, prognosis and therapeutic response. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Genetic testing is not routinely offered in the clinical setting, but it may have relevant implications, especially in terms of prognosis, response to therapies and inclusion in clinical trials. Widely adopted clinical guidelines on genetic testing are still lacking and open to debate. Some new genetic associations are still awaiting confirmation, and selecting the appropriate genes to be included in diagnostic panels represents a difficult task. Finally, it is still under study whether (and to which degree) specific genetic forms may influence the outcome of PD therapies. GROWING POINTS Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) may represent a useful tool to genetically stratify the population in terms of disease risk, prognosis and therapeutic outcomes. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH The application of PRS and integrated multi-omics in PD promises to improve the personalized care of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Trevisan
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, Genova, 16132, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino – SS Centro Tumori Ereditari, Largo R. Benzi 10, Genova, 16132, Italy
| | - A Gaudio
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino- UOC Genetica Medica, Largo R. Benzi 10, Genova, 16132, Italy
| | - E Monfrini
- Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, Milan, 20122, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - L Avanzino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV/3, Genova, 16132, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 3, Genova, 16132, Italy
| | - A Di Fonzo
- Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, Milan, 20122, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - P Mandich
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, Genova, 16132, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino- UOC Genetica Medica, Largo R. Benzi 10, Genova, 16132, Italy
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25
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Brazdis RM, von Zimmermann C, Lenz B, Kornhuber J, Mühle C. Peripheral Upregulation of Parkinson's Disease-Associated Genes Encoding α-Synuclein, β-Glucocerebrosidase, and Ceramide Glucosyltransferase in Major Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3219. [PMID: 38542193 PMCID: PMC10970259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the high comorbidity of Parkinson's disease (PD) with major depressive disorder (MDD) and the involvement of sphingolipids in both conditions, we investigated the peripheral expression levels of three primarily PD-associated genes: α-synuclein (SNCA), lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (GBA1), and UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG) in a sex-balanced MDD cohort. Normalized gene expression was determined by quantitative PCR in patients suffering from MDD (unmedicated n = 63, medicated n = 66) and controls (remitted MDD n = 39, healthy subjects n = 61). We observed that expression levels of SNCA (p = 0.036), GBA1 (p = 0.014), and UGCG (p = 0.0002) were higher in currently depressed patients compared to controls and remitted patients, and expression of GBA1 and UGCG decreased in medicated patients during three weeks of therapy. Additionally, in subgroups, expression was positively correlated with the severity of depression and anxiety. Furthermore, we identified correlations between the gene expression levels and PD-related laboratory parameters. Our findings suggest that SNCA, GBA1, and UGCG analysis could be instrumental in the search for biomarkers of MDD and in understanding the overlapping pathological mechanisms underlying neuro-psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan-Marius Brazdis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.-M.B.); (B.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Claudia von Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.-M.B.); (B.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.-M.B.); (B.L.); (J.K.)
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.-M.B.); (B.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.-M.B.); (B.L.); (J.K.)
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26
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Vernet Machado Bressan Wilke M, Iop GD, Faqueti L, Lemos da Silva LA, Kubaski F, Poswar FO, Michelin-Tirelli K, Randon D, Borelli WV, Giugliani R, Schwartz IVD. A Brazilian Rare-Disease Center's Experience with Glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1) in Patients with Gaucher Disease: Exploring a Novel Correlation with IgG Levels in Plasma and a Biomarker Measurement in CSF. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2870. [PMID: 38474117 PMCID: PMC10931658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD, OMIM 230800) is one of the most common lysosomal disorders, being caused by the deficient activity of the enzyme acid β-glucocerebrosidase (Gcase). Three clinical forms of Gaucher's disease (GD) are classified based on neurological involvement. Type 1 (GD1) is non-neuronopathic, while types 2 (GD2) and 3 (GD3) are neuronopathic forms. Gcase catalyzes the conversion of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) into ceramide and glucose. As GlcCer accumulates in lysosomal macrophages, it undergoes deacylation to become glycosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1), which has shown to be a useful and reliable biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of treated and untreated patients with GD. Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among patients with GD and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a non-neoplastic condition that can be a telltale sign of a B clonal proliferation caused by the chronic activation of B cells. This study aimed to quantify Lyso-Gb1 levels in dried blood spots (DBS) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as biomarkers for Gaucher disease (GD) and discuss the association of this biomarker with other clinical parameters. This is a mixed-methods study incorporating both cross-sectional and longitudinal elements within a cohort design with a convenience-sampling strategy. Data collection took place from January 2012 to March 2023. Lyso-Gb1 extraction from DBS involved the use of a methanol-acetonitrile-water mixture, followed by incubation and centrifugation. Analysis was performed using UPLC-MS/MS with MassLynx software version 4.2 and the control group for the DBS measurements included general newborns. CSF Lyso-Gb1 was extracted using ethyl acetate, analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS with a calibration curve, and expressed in pmol/L. Lysosomal activity in CSF was assessed by measuring chitotriosidase (Cht), and other lysosomal enzyme activities were assessed as previously described in the literature. Patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) were used as controls. Thirty-two treated patients (twenty-nine GD1 and three GD3, all on ERT except for one GD type on SRT with eliglustat) and three untreated patients (one GD1, one GD2, and one GD3) were included. When analyzing only the treated GD1 group, a significant correlation was found between lyso-Gb1 and age (rho = -0.447, p = 0.001), ChT, and IgG levels (rho = 0.73, p < 0.001; and rho = 0.36, p = 0.03, respectively). Five GD1 patients (three females, mean age 40 years) also had their CSF collected and analyzed. The average measurement of lyso-Gb1 in CSF was 94 pmol/L (range: 57.1-157.9 pmol/L) versus <6.2 pmol/L in the control group (MLD). This is the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that lyso-Gb1 has been associated with IgG levels. While this finding reflects a risk for MGUS or MM and not only chronic plasma B-cell activation, it still requires further studies. Moreover, the analysis of CSF lyso-Gb1 levels in GD1 patients was demonstrated to be significantly higher than the control group. This raises the hypothesis that CSF lyso-Gb1 may serve as a valuable indicator for neurological involvement in GD, providing insights into the potential implications for neurological manifestations in GD, including GD1. The correlation between lyso-Gb1 and ChT levels in treated GD1 patients further underscores the interconnectedness of lysosomal markers and their relevance in monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabrielle Dineck Iop
- Biodiscovery Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil; (G.D.I.); (L.F.); (L.A.L.d.S.)
| | - Larissa Faqueti
- Biodiscovery Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil; (G.D.I.); (L.F.); (L.A.L.d.S.)
| | - Layzon Antonio Lemos da Silva
- Biodiscovery Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil; (G.D.I.); (L.F.); (L.A.L.d.S.)
| | - Francyne Kubaski
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Greenwood Genetics Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA;
| | - Fabiano O. Poswar
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil
| | - Kristiane Michelin-Tirelli
- LEIM-Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil;
| | - Dévora Randon
- BRAIN Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Giugliani
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil; (M.V.M.B.W.); (R.G.)
- Biodiscovery Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil; (G.D.I.); (L.F.); (L.A.L.d.S.)
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil
- Dasa Genômica, São Paulo 04078013, Brazil
- Casa dos Raros, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil
| | - Ida Vanessa D. Schwartz
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil; (M.V.M.B.W.); (R.G.)
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil;
- BRAIN Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Doenças Raras—InRaras, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil
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27
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Kouli A, Spindler LRB, Fryer TD, Hong YT, Malpetti M, Aigbirhio FI, White SR, Camacho M, O’Brien JT, Williams-Gray CH. Neuroinflammation is linked to dementia risk in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2024; 147:923-935. [PMID: 37757857 PMCID: PMC10907093 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of dementia is a devastating aspect of Parkinson's disease (PD), affecting nearly half of patients within 10 years post-diagnosis. For effective therapies to prevent and slow progression to PD dementia (PDD), the key mechanisms that determine why some people with PD develop early dementia, while others remain cognitively unaffected, need to be understood. Neuroinflammation and tau protein accumulation have been demonstrated in post-mortem PD brains, and in many other neurodegenerative disorders leading to dementia. However, whether these processes mediate dementia risk early on in the PD disease course is not established. To this end, we used PET neuroimaging with 11C-PK11195 to index neuroinflammation and 18F-AV-1451 for misfolded tau in early PD patients, stratified according to dementia risk in our 'Neuroinflammation and Tau Accumulation in Parkinson's Disease Dementia' (NET-PDD) study. The NET-PDD study longitudinally assesses newly-diagnosed PD patients in two subgroups at low and high dementia risk (stratified based on pentagon copying, semantic fluency, MAPT genotype), with comparison to age- and sex-matched controls. Non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) in 43 brain regions (Hammers' parcellation) was compared between groups (pairwise t-tests), and associations between BPND of the tracers tested (linear-mixed-effect models). We hypothesized that people with higher dementia risk have greater inflammation and/or tau accumulation in advance of significant cognitive decline. We found significantly elevated neuroinflammation (11C-PK11195 BPND) in multiple subcortical and restricted cortical regions in the high dementia risk group compared with controls, while in the low-risk group this was limited to two cortical areas. The high dementia risk group also showed significantly greater neuroinflammation than the low-risk group concentrated on subcortical and basal ganglia regions. Neuroinflammation in most of these regions was associated with worse cognitive performance (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III score). Overall neuroinflammation burden also correlated with serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, increases in 18F-AV-1451 (tau) BPND in PD versus controls were restricted to subcortical regions where off-target binding is typically seen, with no relationship to cognition found. Whole-brain 18F-AV-1451 burden correlated with serum phosphorylated tau181 levels. Although there was minimal regional tau accumulation in PD, regional neuroinflammation and tau burden correlated in PD participants, with the strongest association in the high dementia risk group, suggesting possible co-localization of these pathologies. In conclusion, our findings suggest that significant regional neuroinflammation in early PD might underpin higher risk for PDD development, indicating neuroinflammation as a putative early modifiable aetiopathological disease factor to prevent or slow dementia development using immunomodulatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Kouli
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Lennart R B Spindler
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Tim D Fryer
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Young T Hong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Maura Malpetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Franklin I Aigbirhio
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Simon R White
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Marta Camacho
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - John T O’Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
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Brimblecombe KR, Connor-Robson N, Bataille CJR, Roberts BM, Gracie C, O'Connor B, Te Water Naude R, Karthik G, Russell AJ, Wade-Martins R, Cragg SJ. Inhibition of striatal dopamine release by the L-type calcium channel inhibitor isradipine co-varies with risk factors for Parkinson's. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1242-1259. [PMID: 37941514 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ entry into nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons and axons via L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) contributes, respectively, to pacemaker activity and DA release and has long been thought to contribute to vulnerability to degeneration in Parkinson's disease. LTCC function is greater in DA axons and neurons from substantia nigra pars compacta than from ventral tegmental area, but this is not explained by channel expression level. We tested the hypothesis that LTCC control of DA release is governed rather by local mechanisms, focussing on candidate biological factors known to operate differently between types of DA neurons and/or be associated with their differing vulnerability to parkinsonism, including biological sex, α-synuclein, DA transporters (DATs) and calbindin-D28k (Calb1). We detected evoked DA release ex vivo in mouse striatal slices using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry and assessed LTCC support of DA release by detecting the inhibition of DA release by the LTCC inhibitors isradipine or CP8. Using genetic knockouts or pharmacological manipulations, we identified that striatal LTCC support of DA release depended on multiple intersecting factors, in a regionally and sexually divergent manner. LTCC function was promoted by factors associated with Parkinsonian risk, including male sex, α-synuclein, DAT and a dorsolateral co-ordinate, but limited by factors associated with protection, that is, female sex, glucocerebrosidase activity, Calb1 and ventromedial co-ordinate. Together, these data show that LTCC function in DA axons and isradipine effect are locally governed and suggest they vary in a manner that in turn might impact on, or reflect, the cellular stress that leads to parkinsonian degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Brimblecombe
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Natalie Connor-Robson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carole J R Bataille
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bradley M Roberts
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Caitlin Gracie
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bethan O'Connor
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Gayathri Karthik
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela J Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie J Cragg
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Al-Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK. New insight on the possible role of statins in Vascular Parkinsonism: A need for presumptive therapy. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102209. [PMID: 38286334 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Vascular Parkinsonism (VP) is clinical term represents a progressive ischemic changes and subcortical lacunar infarct leading to Parkinsonism mainly in the lower limbs so called lower body Parkinsonism. The VP neuropathology is differed from that of PD neuropathology which rarely associated with basal ganglion lesions. Dopamine transporters are normal in VP but are highly reduced in PD, and dopaminergic agonists had no effective role on VP. The neuropathological mechanisms of VP are related to vascular injury which induces the interruption of the neural connection between basal ganglion and cerebral cortex. Hyperlipidemia and other cardiometabolic risk factors augment VP risk and the related neuropathology. Targeting of these cardiometabolic disorders by lipid-lowering statins may be effective in the management of VP. Therefore, this mini-review aims to clarify the possible role of statins in the management of VP. Statins have neuroprotective effects against different neurodegenerative diseases by anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antithrombotic effects with enhancement of endothelial function. In conclusion, statins can prevent and treat VP by inhibiting inflammatory and oxidative stress disorders, mitigating of white matter hyperintensities and improving of neuronal signaling pathways. Additional preclinical, clinical trials and prospective studies are warranted in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Iraq.
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Rosh I, Tripathi U, Hussein Y, Rike WA, Djamus J, Shklyar B, Manole A, Houlden H, Winkler J, Gage FH, Stern S. Synaptic dysfunction and extracellular matrix dysregulation in dopaminergic neurons from sporadic and E326K-GBA1 Parkinson's disease patients. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:38. [PMID: 38374278 PMCID: PMC10876637 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with both genetic and sporadic origins. In this study, we investigated the electrophysiological properties, synaptic activity, and gene expression differences in dopaminergic (DA) neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of healthy controls, sporadic PD (sPD) patients, and PD patients with E326K-GBA1 mutations. Our results demonstrate reduced sodium currents and synaptic activity in DA neurons derived from PD patients with E326K-GBA1 mutations, suggesting a potential contribution to PD pathophysiology. We also observed distinct electrophysiological alterations in sPD DA neurons, which included a decrease in synaptic currents. RNA sequencing analysis revealed unique dysregulated pathways in sPD neurons and E326K-GBA1 neurons, further supporting the notion that molecular mechanisms driving PD may differ between PD patients. In agreement with our previous reports, Extracellular matrix and Focal adhesion pathways were among the top dysregulated pathways in DA neurons from sPD patients and from patients with E326K-GBA1 mutations. Overall, our study further confirms that impaired synaptic activity is a convergent functional phenotype in DA neurons derived from PD patients across multiple genetic mutations as well as sPD. At the transcriptome level, we find that the brain extracellular matrix is highly involved in PD pathology across multiple PD-associated mutations as well as sPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idan Rosh
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Utkarsh Tripathi
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yara Hussein
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Wote Amelo Rike
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jose Djamus
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Boris Shklyar
- Bioimaging Unit, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andreea Manole
- Laboratory of Genetics, Gage, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England
| | | | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, Gage, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shani Stern
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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Morris HR, Spillantini MG, Sue CM, Williams-Gray CH. The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Lancet 2024; 403:293-304. [PMID: 38245249 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition associated with the deposition of aggregated α-synuclein. Insights into the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease have been derived from genetics and molecular pathology. Biochemical studies, investigation of transplanted neurons in patients with Parkinson's disease, and cell and animal model studies suggest that abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein and spreading of pathology between the gut, brainstem, and higher brain regions probably underlie the development and progression of Parkinson's disease. At a cellular level, abnormal mitochondrial, lysosomal, and endosomal function can be identified in both monogenic and sporadic Parkinson's disease, suggesting multiple potential treatment approaches. Recent work has also highlighted maladaptive immune and inflammatory responses, possibly triggered in the gut, that accelerate the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Although there are currently no disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson's disease, we now have a solid basis for the development of rational neuroprotective therapies that we hope will halt the progression of this disabling neurological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; University College London Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - Maria Grazia Spillantini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Carolyn M Sue
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
| | - Caroline H Williams-Gray
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Nicoletti T, Bink A, Helmchen B, Briel N, Frontzek K, Vlad B, Gaspert A, Boudriot E, Jung HH, Reuss AM, Weller M, Hortobágyi T. Neurologic involvement in cystinosis: Focus on brain lesions and new evidence of four-repeat (4R-) Tau immunoreactivity. J Neurol Sci 2024; 456:122841. [PMID: 38101161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.122841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Nephropathic cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive storage disorder caused by CTNS gene mutations, leading to autophagy-lysosomal pathway impairment and cystine crystals accumulation. Neurologic involvement is highly variable and includes both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disturbances, as well as focal neurologic deficits. By presenting longitudinal data of a 28-year-old patient with a large infratentorial lesion, we summarized the pathology, clinical and imaging features of neurological involvement in cystinosis patients. Brain damage in form of cystinosis-related cerebral lesions occurs in advanced disease phases and is characterized by the accumulation of cystine crystals, subsequent inflammation with vasculitis-like features, necrosis, and calcification. Epilepsy is a frequent comorbidity in affected individuals. Steroids might play a role in the symptomatic treatment of "stroke-like" episodes due to edematous-inflammatory lesions, but probably do not change the overall prognosis. Lifelong compliance to depleting therapy with cysteamine still represents the main therapeutic option. However, consequences of CTNS gene defects are not restricted to cystine accumulation. New evidence of four-repeat (4R-) Tau immunoreactivity suggests concurrent progressive neurodegeneration in cystinosis patients, highlighting the need of innovative therapeutic strategies, and shedding light on the crosstalk between proteinopathies and autophagy-lysosomal system defects. Eventually, emerging easily accessible biomarkers such as serum neurofilament light chains (NfL) might detect subclinical neurologic involvement in cystinosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Nicoletti
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Bink
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Helmchen
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nils Briel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl Frontzek
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Vlad
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ariana Gaspert
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Boudriot
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Heinrich Jung
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Maria Reuss
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Brown EG, Goldman SM, Coffey CS, Siderowf A, Simuni T, Meng C, Brumm MC, Caspell-Garcia C, Marek K, Tanner CM. Occupational Pesticide Exposure in Parkinson's Disease Related to GBA and LRRK2 Variants. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:737-746. [PMID: 38820021 PMCID: PMC11191498 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-240015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Background The penetrance of common genetic risk variants for Parkinson's disease (PD) is low. Pesticide exposure increases PD risk, but how exposure affects penetrance is not well understood. Objective To determine the relationship between occupational pesticide exposure and PD in people with LRRK2 and GBA risk variants. Methods Participants of the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) with a LRRK2-G2019 S or GBA risk variant provided information about occupational pesticide exposure. We compared exposure in carriers with and without PD. Among carriers with PD, we used Cox proportional hazard models to compare time-to impairment in balance, cognition, and activities of daily living (ADLs) between participants with and without prior occupational pesticide exposure. Results 378 participants with a risk variant provided exposure information; 176 with LRRK2-G2019 S (54 with and 122 without PD) and 202 with GBA variants (47 with and 155 without PD). Twenty-six participants reported pesticide exposure. People with a GBA variant and occupational pesticide exposure had much higher odds of PD (aOR: 5.4, 95% CI 1.7-18.5, p < 0.01). People with a LRRK2 variant and a history of occupational pesticide exposure had non-significantly elevated odds of PD (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 0.4-4.6, p = 0.7). Among those with PD, pesticide exposure was associated with a higher risk of balance problems and cognitive impairment in LRRK2-PD and functional impairment in GBA-PD, although associations were not statistically significant. Conclusions Occupational pesticide exposure may increase penetrance of GBA-PD and may be associated with faster symptom progression. Further studies in larger cohorts are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan G. Brown
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Samuel M. Goldman
- Division of Occupational, Environmental, and Climate Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrew Siderowf
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tanya Simuni
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Cheryl Meng
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael C. Brumm
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caroline M. Tanner
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - The Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Occupational, Environmental, and Climate Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
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Yamanaka T, Matsui H. Modeling familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease in small fishes. Dev Growth Differ 2024; 66:4-20. [PMID: 37991125 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of animal models for Parkinson's disease (PD) has been challenging. Nevertheless, once established, they will serve as valuable tools for elucidating the causes and pathogenesis of PD, as well as for developing new strategies for its treatment. Following the recent discovery of a series of PD causative genes in familial cases, teleost fishes, including zebrafish and medaka, have often been used to establish genetic PD models because of their ease of breeding and gene manipulation, as well as the high conservation of gene orthologs. Some of the fish lines can recapitulate PD phenotypes, which are often more pronounced than those in rodent genetic models. In addition, a new experimental teleost fish, turquoise killifish, can be used as a sporadic PD model, because it spontaneously manifests age-dependent PD phenotypes. Several PD fish models have already made significant contributions to the discovery of novel PD pathological features, such as cytosolic leakage of mitochondrial DNA and pathogenic phosphorylation in α-synuclein. Therefore, utilizing various PD fish models with distinct degenerative phenotypes will be an effective strategy for identifying emerging facets of PD pathogenesis and therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideaki Matsui
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Huang Q, Chan KY, Lou S, Keyes C, Wu J, Botticello-Romero NR, Zheng Q, Johnston J, Mills A, Brauer PP, Clouse G, Pacouret S, Harvey JW, Beddow T, Hurley JK, Tobey IG, Powell M, Chen AT, Barry AJ, Eid FE, Chan YA, Deverman BE. An AAV capsid reprogrammed to bind human Transferrin Receptor mediates brain-wide gene delivery. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.572615. [PMID: 38187643 PMCID: PMC10769326 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Developing vehicles that efficiently deliver genes throughout the human central nervous system (CNS) will broaden the range of treatable genetic diseases. We engineered an AAV capsid, BI-hTFR1, that binds human Transferrin Receptor (TfR1), a protein expressed on the blood-brain barrier (BBB). BI-hTFR1 was actively transported across a human brain endothelial cell layer and, relative to AAV9, provided 40-50 times greater reporter expression in the CNS of human TFRC knock-in mice. The enhanced tropism was CNS-specific and absent in wild type mice. When used to deliver GBA1, mutations of which cause Gaucher disease and are linked to Parkinson's disease, BI-hTFR1 substantially increased brain and cerebrospinal fluid glucocerebrosidase activity compared to AAV9. These findings establish BI-hTFR1 as a promising vector for human CNS gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Huang
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
| | - Ken Y. Chan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
| | - Shan Lou
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
| | - Casey Keyes
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
| | - Jason Wu
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
| | | | - Qingxia Zheng
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
| | - Jencilin Johnston
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
| | - Allan Mills
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
| | - Pamela P. Brauer
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
| | - Gabrielle Clouse
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
| | - Simon Pacouret
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
| | - John W. Harvey
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
| | - Thomas Beddow
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
| | - Jenna K. Hurley
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
| | - Isabelle G. Tobey
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
| | - Megan Powell
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
| | - Albert T. Chen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
| | - Andrew J. Barry
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
| | - Fatma-Elzahraa Eid
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University; Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yujia A. Chan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Deverman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, USA
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Paul KC, Zhang K, Walker DI, Sinsheimer J, Yu Y, Kusters C, Del Rosario I, Folle AD, Keener AM, Bronstein J, Jones DP, Ritz B. Untargeted serum metabolomics reveals novel metabolite associations and disruptions in amino acid and lipid metabolism in Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:100. [PMID: 38115046 PMCID: PMC10731845 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Untargeted high-resolution metabolomic profiling provides simultaneous measurement of thousands of metabolites. Metabolic networks based on these data can help uncover disease-related perturbations across interconnected pathways. OBJECTIVE Identify metabolic disturbances associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) in two population-based studies using untargeted metabolomics. METHODS We performed a metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) of PD using serum-based untargeted metabolomics data derived from liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) using two distinct population-based case-control populations. We also combined our results with a previous publication of 34 metabolites linked to PD in a large-scale, untargeted MWAS to assess external validation. RESULTS LC-HRMS detected 4,762 metabolites for analysis (HILIC: 2716 metabolites; C18: 2046 metabolites). We identified 296 features associated with PD at FDR<0.05, 134 having a log2 fold change (FC) beyond ±0.5 (228 beyond ±0.25). Of these, 104 were independently associated with PD in both discovery and replication studies at p<0.05 (170 at p<0.10), while 27 were associated with levodopa-equivalent dose among the PD patients. Intriguingly, among the externally validated features were the microbial-related metabolites, p-cresol glucuronide (FC=2.52, 95% CI=1.67, 3.81, FDR=7.8e-04) and p-cresol sulfate. P-cresol glucuronide was also associated with motor symptoms among patients. Additional externally validated metabolites associated with PD include phenylacetyl-L-glutamine, trigonelline, kynurenine, biliverdin, and pantothenic acid. Novel associations include the anti-inflammatory metabolite itaconate (FC=0.79, 95% CI=0.73, 0.86; FDR=2.17E-06) and cysteine-S-sulfate (FC=1.56, 95% CI=1.39, 1.75; FDR=3.43E-11). Seventeen pathways were enriched, including several related to amino acid and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed PD-associated metabolites, confirming several previous observations, including for p-cresol glucuronide, and newly implicating interesting metabolites, such as itaconate. Our data also suggests metabolic disturbances in amino acid and lipid metabolism and inflammatory processes in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Keren Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Janet Sinsheimer
- Department of Human Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu Yu
- Center for Health Policy Research, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Kusters
- Department of Human Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Irish Del Rosario
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aline Duarte Folle
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adrienne M Keener
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Bronstein
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Panteghini C, Reale C, Colangelo I, Suerz M, Catania A, Garavaglia B, Invernizzi F. Sex distribution and classification of GBA1 variants in an Italian cohort of Parkinson's disease patients analyzed over the last seventeen years. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 117:105919. [PMID: 37948831 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heterozygous GBA1 variants are among the most frequent genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). Male sex is a risk factor in the development of PD but the sex prevalence of GBA1 carriers in PD patients remains debatable. Molecular analysis of the GBA1 gene is complicated by the presence of a highly homologous pseudogene GBAP1. METHOD Starting from 2006, we screened GBA1 gene in a large cohort of 1762 PD patients through different techniques developed over the years. Identified variants were classified employing the GBA1-PD browser and compared on the basis of frequency and sex distribution. RESULTS Within a group of 684 patients (40.2% Males -M-) analyzed with RFLP technique looking for the two most common GBA1 mutations L444P and N370S, 29 resulted positive (4.23%). Out of 537 patients (67.4% M) analyzed with PCR that amplifies the portion of the gene between exon 8 and exon 11, we found 53 positive carriers (9.87%). Out of 424 patients (60.8% M) analyzed with NGS custom gene panel with allele-specific PCR, 50 resulted positive (11.79%). Since 2022, we also analyzed 117 patients (56.4% M) with long PCR sequenced with NGS, identifying 17 positive samples (14.52%). CONCLUSION In our study, we highlight that screening the entire GBA1 gene with specific techniques increases the diagnostic rate. Regarding variants distribution, males have shown a higher frequency of the severe variants and complex alleles, whereas mild variants are equally distributed in both sexes and risk variants are more frequent in females especially the T369 M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Panteghini
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Reale
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Milan, Italy.
| | - Isabel Colangelo
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Suerz
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Catania
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Invernizzi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Milan, Italy
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Cossu D, Hatano T, Hattori N. The Role of Immune Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16766. [PMID: 38069088 PMCID: PMC10706591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has unveiled intriguing insights suggesting that the body's immune system may be implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) development. Studies have observed disparities in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers between PD patients and healthy individuals. This finding underscores the potential influence of immune system dysfunction in the genesis of this condition. A dysfunctional immune system can serve as a primary catalyst for systemic inflammation in the body, which may contribute to the emergence of various brain disorders. The identification of several genes associated with PD, as well as their connection to neuroinflammation, raises the likelihood of disease susceptibility. Moreover, advancing age and mitochondrial dysfunction can weaken the immune system, potentially implicating them in the onset of the disease, particularly among older individuals. Compromised integrity of the blood-brain barrier could facilitate the immune system's access to brain tissue. This exposure may lead to encounters with native antigens or infections, potentially triggering an autoimmune response. Furthermore, there is mounting evidence supporting the notion that gut dysbiosis might represent an initial trigger for brain inflammation, ultimately promoting neurodegeneration. In this comprehensive review, we will delve into the numerous hypotheses surrounding the role of both innate and adaptive immunity in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cossu
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Tokyo 1138431, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sassari University, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Taku Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Tokyo 1138431, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Tokyo 1138431, Japan
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaborative Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 3510918, Japan
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Pitton Rissardo J, Fornari Caprara AL. Cardiac 123I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) Scintigraphy in Parkinson's Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1471. [PMID: 37891838 PMCID: PMC10605004 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac sympathetic denervation, as documented on 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy, is relatively sensitive and specific for distinguishing Parkinson's disease (PD) from other neurodegenerative causes of parkinsonism. The present study aims to comprehensively review the literature regarding the use of cardiac MIBG in PD. MIBG is an analog to norepinephrine. They share the same uptake, storage, and release mechanisms. An abnormal result in the cardiac MIBG uptake in individuals with parkinsonism can be an additional criterion for diagnosing PD. However, a normal result of cardiac MIBG in individuals with suspicious parkinsonian syndrome does not exclude the diagnosis of PD. The findings of cardiac MIBG studies contributed to elucidating the pathophysiology of PD. We investigated the sensitivity and specificity of cardiac MIBG scintigraphy in PD. A total of 54 studies with 3114 individuals diagnosed with PD were included. The data were described as means with a Hoehn and Yahr stage of 2.5 and early and delayed registration H/M ratios of 1.70 and 1.51, respectively. The mean cutoff for the early and delayed phases were 1.89 and 1.86. The sensitivity for the early and delayed phases was 0.81 and 0.83, respectively. The specificity for the early and delayed phases were 0.86 and 0.80, respectively.
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Labrador-Garrido A, Zhong S, Hughes L, Keshiya S, Kim WS, Halliday GM, Dzamko N. Live cell in situ lysosomal GCase activity correlates to alpha-synuclein levels in human differentiated neurons with LRRK2 and GBA1 mutations. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1229213. [PMID: 37908374 PMCID: PMC10613732 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1229213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heterozygous mutations in GBA1, which encodes the lysosomal hydrolase glucocerebrosidase (GCase), are a common risk factor for the neurodegenerative movement disorder Parkinson's disease (PD). Consequently, therapeutic options targeting the GCase enzyme are in development. An important aspect of this development is determining the effect of potential modifying compounds on GCase activity, which can be complicated by the different methods and substrate probes that are commonly employed for this purpose. Methods In this study, we employed the GCase substrate probe 5-(pentafluorobenzoylamino)fluorescein di-D-glucopyranoside (PFB-FDGlu) in combination with live cell imaging to measure GCase activity in situ in the lysosome. Results The live cell assay was validated using the GCase inhibitor conduritol-B-epoxide and with GBA1 knockout neural cells and was then used to assess GCase activity in iPSC differentiated into neural stem cells and neurons that were obtained from idiopathic PD patients and PD patients with the LRRK2 G2019S and GBA N370S mutations, as well as controls (n = 4 per group). Heterogeneity in GCase activity was observed across all groups. However, a significant inverse correlation between GCase activity and levels of alpha-synuclein protein was observed. Discussion The live cell imaging assay for GCase activity could be useful for further understanding the role of GCase in PD and screening potential modifying compounds in differentiated human cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicolas Dzamko
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health and the Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Cheslow L, Byrne M, Kopenhaver JS, Iacovitti L, Smeyne RJ, Snook AE, Waldman SA. GUCY2C signaling limits dopaminergic neuron vulnerability to toxic insults. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3416338. [PMID: 37886524 PMCID: PMC10602097 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3416338/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) are central drivers of dopaminergic (DA) neuron death in Parkinson's disease (PD). Guanylyl cyclases, and their second messengers cyclic (c)GMP, support mitochondrial function, protecting against ROS and promoting cell survival in a number of tissues. However, the role of the guanylyl cyclase-cGMP axis in defining the vulnerability of DA neurons in the SNpc in PD remains unclear, in part due to the challenge of manipulating cGMP levels selectively in midbrain DA neurons. In that context, guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C), a receptor primarily expressed by intestinal epithelial cells, was discovered recently in midbrain DA neurons. Here, we demonstrate that GUCY2C promotes mitochondrial function, reducing oxidative stress and protecting DA neurons from degeneration in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of neurodegeneration. GUCY2C is overexpressed in the SNpc in PD patients and in mice treated with MPTP, possibly reflecting a protective response to oxidative stress. Moreover, cGMP signaling protects against oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, and cell death in cultured DA neurons. These observations reveal a previously unexpected role for the GUCY2C-cGMP signaling axis in controlling mitochondrial dysfunction and toxicity in nigral DA neurons, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting DA neuron GUCY2C to prevent neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Cheslow
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Byrne
- Department of Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica S. Kopenhaver
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lorraine Iacovitti
- Department of Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard J. Smeyne
- Department of Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam E. Snook
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott A. Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Usenko T, Bezrukova A, Rudenok MM, Basharova K, Shadrina MI, Slominsky PA, Zakharova E, Pchelina S. Whole Transcriptome Analysis of Substantia Nigra in Mice with MPTP-Induced Parkinsonism Bearing Defective Glucocerebrosidase Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12164. [PMID: 37569538 PMCID: PMC10418497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GBA1 gene represent the major genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). The lysosomal enzyme beta-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) encoded by the GBA1 gene participates in both the endolysosomal pathway and the immune response. Disruption of these mechanisms is involved in PD pathogenesis. However, molecular mechanisms of PD associated with GBA1 mutations (GBA-PD) are unknown today in particular due to the partial penetrance of GBA1 variants in PD. The modifiers of GBA1 penetrance have not been elucidated. We characterized the transcriptomic profiles of cells from the substantia nigra (SN) of mice with co-injection with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and selective inhibitor of GCase activity (conduritol-β-epoxide, (CBE)) to mimic PD bearing GCase dysfunction (MPTP+CBE), mice treated with MPTP, mice treated with CBE and control mice treated with injection of sodium chloride (NaCl) (vehicle). Differential expression analysis, pathway enrichment analysis, and outlier detection were performed. Functional clustering of differentially represented transcripts revealed more processes associated with the functioning of neurogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy in MPTP+CBE and MPTP mice than in vehicle mice, with a more pronounced alteration of autophagy processes in MPTP+CBE mice than in MPTP mice. The PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway may be considered a potential target for therapy in PD with GCase dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Usenko
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (T.U.); (A.B.); (K.B.); (S.P.)
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia Bezrukova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (T.U.); (A.B.); (K.B.); (S.P.)
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Margarita M. Rudenok
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.R.); (M.I.S.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Katerina Basharova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (T.U.); (A.B.); (K.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Maria I. Shadrina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.R.); (M.I.S.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Petr A. Slominsky
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.R.); (M.I.S.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Ekaterina Zakharova
- Research Center for Medical Genetics, Laboratory of Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofya Pchelina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (T.U.); (A.B.); (K.B.); (S.P.)
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Raheel K, Deegan G, Di Giulio I, Cash D, Ilic K, Gnoni V, Chaudhuri KR, Drakatos P, Moran R, Rosenzweig I. Sex differences in alpha-synucleinopathies: a systematic review. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1204104. [PMID: 37545736 PMCID: PMC10398394 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1204104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Past research indicates a higher prevalence, incidence, and severe clinical manifestations of alpha-synucleinopathies in men, leading to a suggestion of neuroprotective properties of female sex hormones (especially estrogen). The potential pathomechanisms of any such effect on alpha-synucleinopathies, however, are far from understood. With that aim, we undertook to systematically review, and to critically assess, contemporary evidence on sex and gender differences in alpha-synucleinopathies using a bench-to-bedside approach. Methods In this systematic review, studies investigating sex and gender differences in alpha-synucleinopathies (Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Behavior Disorder (RBD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)) from 2012 to 2022 were identified using electronic database searches of PubMed, Embase and Ovid. Results One hundred sixty-two studies were included; 5 RBD, 6 MSA, 20 DLB and 131 PD studies. Overall, there is conclusive evidence to suggest sex-and gender-specific manifestation in demographics, biomarkers, genetics, clinical features, interventions, and quality of life in alpha-synucleinopathies. Only limited data exists on the effects of distinct sex hormones, with majority of studies concentrating on estrogen and its speculated neuroprotective effects. Conclusion Future studies disentangling the underlying sex-specific mechanisms of alpha-synucleinopathies are urgently needed in order to enable novel sex-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kausar Raheel
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Deegan
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- BRAIN, Imaging Centre, CNS, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Di Giulio
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Cash
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- BRAIN, Imaging Centre, CNS, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katarina Ilic
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- BRAIN, Imaging Centre, CNS, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Gnoni
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Lecce, Italy
| | - K. Ray Chaudhuri
- Movement Disorders Unit, King’s College Hospital and Department of Clinical and Basic Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience and Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Panagis Drakatos
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalyn Moran
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Clark LE, Dickinson AJG, Lima S. GBA Regulates EMT/MET and Chemoresistance in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells by Modulating the Cellular Glycosphingolipid Profile. Cells 2023; 12:1886. [PMID: 37508550 PMCID: PMC10378370 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSL) are plasma membrane components that influence molecular processes involved in cancer initiation, progression, and therapeutic responses. They also modulate receptor tyrosine kinases involved in EMT. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that regulate GSLs in cancer has important therapeutic potential. One critical regulator of GSLs is the lysosomal glucosylceramidase β1 (GBA) that catalyzes the last step in GSL degradation. We show that, in cancer, GBA copy number amplifications and increased expression are widespread. We show that depleting GBA in squamous cell carcinoma cell lines results in a mesenchymal-to-epithelial shift, decreased invasion and migration, increased chemotherapeutic sensitivity, and decreased activation of receptor tyrosine kinases that are involved in regulating EMT. Untargeted lipidomics shows that GBA depletion had significant effects on sphingolipids and GSLs, suggesting that increased GBA activity in cancer sustains EMT and chemoresistance by modulating receptor tyrosine kinase activity and signaling via effects on the cellular lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Clark
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Amanda J G Dickinson
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Santiago Lima
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Lei W, Cheng Y, Gao J, Liu X, Shao L, Kong Q, Zheng N, Ling Z, Hu W. Akkermansia muciniphila in neuropsychiatric disorders: friend or foe? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1224155. [PMID: 37492530 PMCID: PMC10363720 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1224155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An accumulating body of evidence suggests that the bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila exhibits positive systemic effects on host health, mainly by improving immunological and metabolic functions, and it is therefore regarded as a promising potential probiotic. Recent clinical and preclinical studies have shown that A. muciniphila plays a vital role in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders by influencing the host brain through the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). Numerous studies observed that A. muciniphila and its metabolic substances can effectively improve the symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders by restoring the gut microbiota, reestablishing the integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, regulating host immunity, and modulating gut and neuroinflammation. However, A. muciniphila was also reported to participate in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders by aggravating inflammation and influencing mucus production. Therefore, the exact mechanism of action of A. muciniphila remains much controversial. This review summarizes the proposed roles and mechanisms of A. muciniphila in various neurological and psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, strokes, and autism spectrum disorders, and provides insights into the potential therapeutic application of A. muciniphila for the treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Lei
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Shao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingming Kong
- School of Biological Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nengneng Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zongxin Ling
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiming Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Quzhou Third Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Tang Y, Wei L, Wu Z, Xu P, Mo M. Parkinson's disease in a patient with GBA and LRRK2 covariants after acute hypoxic insult: a case report. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:226. [PMID: 37301871 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glucocerebrosidase (GBA) and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) genes are associated with the risk of sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). As an environmental factor, hypoxic insults may impair dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and exacerbate PD symptoms. However, covariants of GBA and LRRK2 combined with hypoxic insults in clinical cases of Parkinsonism have not yet been reported. CASE PRESENTATION A 69-year-old male patient with PD and his relatives were clinically characterized and sequenced using the whole-exome technique. A novel covariant, c.1448 T > C (p. L483P, rs421016) on GBA and c.691 T > C (p. S231P, rs201332859) on LRRK2 were identified in this patient who first developed bradykinesia and rigidity in the neck at one month after an acute hypoxic insult during mountaineering. The patient presented with a mask-like face, festinating gait, asymmetric bradykinesia, and moderate rigidity. These symptoms were treated with levodopa and pramipexole, resulting in a 65% improvement in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score. These parkinsonian symptoms persisted and developed with hallucinations, constipation, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. After 4 years, the patient exhibited a wearing-off phenomenon and died from pulmonary infection 8 years after disease onset. His parents, wife, and siblings were not diagnosed with PD, and his son carried p. L483P without Parkinsonism-like symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This is a case report of PD after hypoxic insult in a patient carrying a covariant of GBA and LRRK2. This study may help us understand the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in clinical PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Tang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijian Wei
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuohua Wu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingshu Mo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Kopytova AE, Rychkov GN, Cheblokov AA, Grigor'eva EV, Nikolaev MA, Yarkova ES, Sorogina DA, Ibatullin FM, Baydakova GV, Izyumchenko AD, Bogdanova DA, Boitsov VM, Rybakov AV, Miliukhina IV, Bezrukikh VA, Salogub GN, Zakharova EY, Pchelina SN, Emelyanov AK. Potential Binding Sites of Pharmacological Chaperone NCGC00241607 on Mutant β-Glucocerebrosidase and Its Efficacy on Patient-Derived Cell Cultures in Gaucher and Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109105. [PMID: 37240451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GBA1 gene, encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), cause Gaucher disease (GD) and are the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Pharmacological chaperones (PCs) are being developed as an alternative treatment approach for GD and PD. To date, NCGC00241607 (NCGC607) is one of the most promising PCs. Using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation we identified and characterized six allosteric binding sites on the GCase surface suitable for PCs. Two sites were energetically more preferable for NCGC607 and located nearby to the active site of the enzyme. We evaluated the effects of NCGC607 treatment on GCase activity and protein levels, glycolipids concentration in cultured macrophages from GD (n = 9) and GBA-PD (n = 5) patients as well as in induced human pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons from GBA-PD patient. The results showed that NCGC607 treatment increased GCase activity (by 1.3-fold) and protein levels (by 1.5-fold), decreased glycolipids concentration (by 4.0-fold) in cultured macrophages derived from GD patients and also enhanced GCase activity (by 1.5-fold) in cultured macrophages derived from GBA-PD patients with N370S mutation (p < 0.05). In iPSC-derived DA neurons from GBA-PD patients with N370S mutation NCGC607 treatment increased GCase activity and protein levels by 1.1-fold and 1.7-fold (p < 0.05). Thus, our results showed that NCGC607 could bind to allosteric sites on the GCase surface and confirmed its efficacy on cultured macrophages from GD and GBA-PD patients as well as on iPSC-derived DA neurons from GBA-PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena E Kopytova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - George N Rychkov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Alexander A Cheblokov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - Elena V Grigor'eva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk 630055, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Nikolaev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Elena S Yarkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Diana A Sorogina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Farid M Ibatullin
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | | | - Artem D Izyumchenko
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Daria A Bogdanova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - Vitali M Boitsov
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Saint-Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Akim V Rybakov
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain RAS, Saint-Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Irina V Miliukhina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain RAS, Saint-Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Vadim A Bezrukikh
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Galina N Salogub
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | | | - Sofya N Pchelina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Anton K Emelyanov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia
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den Heijer JM, Kruithof AC, Moerland M, Walker M, Dudgeon L, Justman C, Solomini I, Splitalny L, Leymarie N, Khatri K, Cullen VC, Hilt DC, Groeneveld GJ, Lansbury P. A Phase 1B Trial in GBA1-Associated Parkinson's Disease of BIA-28-6156, a Glucocerebrosidase Activator. Mov Disord 2023. [PMID: 37195859 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss-of-function mutations in the GBA1 gene are one of the most common genetic risk factors for onset of Parkinson's disease and subsequent progression (GBA-PD). GBA1 encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), a promising target for a possible first disease-modifying therapy. LTI-291 is an allosteric activator of GCase, which increases the activity of normal and mutant forms of GCase. OBJECTIVES This first-in-patient study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of 28 daily doses of LTI-291 in GBA-PD. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 40 GBA-PD participants. Twenty-eight consecutive daily doses of 10, 30, or 60 mg of LTI-291 or placebo were administered (n = 10 per treatment allocation). Glycosphingolipid (glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide) levels were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and a test battery of neurocognitive tasks, the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and the Mini-Mental State Exam, were performed. RESULTS LTI-291 was generally well tolerated, no deaths or treatment-related serious adverse events occurred, and no participants withdrew due to adverse events. Cmax , and AUC0-6 of LTI-291 increased in a dose-proportional manner, with free CSF concentrations equal to the free fraction in plasma. A treatment-related transient increase in intracellular glucosylceramide (GluCer) in PBMCs was measured. CONCLUSION These first-in-patient studies demonstrated that LTI-291 was well tolerated when administered orally for 28 consecutive days to patients with GBA-PD. Plasma and CSF concentrations that are considered pharmacologically active were reached (ie, sufficient to at least double GCase activity). Intracellular GluCer elevations were detected. Clinical benefit will be assessed in a larger long-term trial in GBA-PD. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas M den Heijer
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Annelieke C Kruithof
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Moerland
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Craig Justman
- Lysosomal Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Nancy Leymarie
- Lysosomal Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kshitij Khatri
- Lysosomal Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Dana C Hilt
- Lysosomal Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Geert Jan Groeneveld
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Lansbury
- Lysosomal Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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49
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Nakmode DD, Day CM, Song Y, Garg S. The Management of Parkinson's Disease: An Overview of the Current Advancements in Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051503. [PMID: 37242745 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) has significantly affected a large proportion of the elderly population worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 8.5 million people worldwide are living with PD. In the United States, an estimated one million people are living with PD, with approximately 60,000 new cases diagnosed every year. Conventional therapies available for Parkinson's disease are associated with limitations such as the wearing-off effect, on-off period, episodes of motor freezing, and dyskinesia. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in DDSs used to reduce the limitations of current therapies will be presented, and both their promising features and drawbacks will be discussed. We are also particularly interested in the technical properties, mechanism, and release patterns of incorporated drugs, as well as nanoscale delivery strategies to overcome the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa D Nakmode
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Candace M Day
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Yunmei Song
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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50
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Leyns CEG, Prigent A, Beezhold B, Yao L, Hatcher NG, Tao P, Kang J, Suh E, Van Deerlin VM, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Kennedy ME, Fell MJ, Henderson MX. Glucocerebrosidase activity and lipid levels are related to protein pathologies in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:74. [PMID: 37169750 PMCID: PMC10175254 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are progressive neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein in the form of Lewy pathology. While most cases are sporadic, there are rare genetic mutations that cause disease and more common variants that increase incidence of disease. The most prominent genetic mutations for PD and DLB are in the GBA1 and LRRK2 genes. GBA1 mutations are associated with decreased glucocerebrosidase activity and lysosomal accumulation of its lipid substrates, glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine. Previous studies have shown a link between this enzyme and lipids even in sporadic PD. However, it is unclear how the protein pathologies of disease are related to enzyme activity and glycosphingolipid levels. To address this gap in knowledge, we examined quantitative protein pathology, glucocerebrosidase activity and lipid substrates in parallel from 4 regions of 91 brains with no neurological disease, idiopathic, GBA1-linked, or LRRK2-linked PD and DLB. We find that several biomarkers are altered with respect to mutation and progression to dementia. We found mild association of glucocerebrosidase activity with disease, but a strong association of glucosylsphingosine with α-synuclein pathology, irrespective of genetic mutation. This association suggests that Lewy pathology precipitates changes in lipid levels related to progression to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl E G Leyns
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alice Prigent
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Brenna Beezhold
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Lihang Yao
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pk, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Nathan G Hatcher
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pk, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Peining Tao
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John Kang
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - EunRan Suh
- Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M Y Lee
- Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Fell
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael X Henderson
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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