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Tian X, Hu Y, Gao Y, Wang G, Tai B, Yang B, Xing F. Effects of Aspergillus flavus infection on multi-scale structures and physicochemical properties of maize starch during storage. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 342:122322. [PMID: 39048185 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
This study systematically analyzed the effect of Aspergillus flavus infection on the maize starch multi-scale structure, physicochemical properties, processing characteristics, and synthesis regulation. A. flavus infection led to a decrease in the content of starch, an increase in the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), a significant decrease in the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, A. flavus infection had a significant destructive effect on the double helix structure, relative crystallinity and lamellar structure of starch, resulting in the reduction of starch viscosity, affecting the viscoelastic properties of starch, and complicating the gel formation process. However, the eugenol treatment group significantly inhibited the growth of A. flavus during maize storage, protecting the multi-scale structure and processing characteristics of maize starch from being damaged. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes involved in carbohydrate synthesis in maize were significantly downregulated and genes involved in energy synthesis were significantly upregulated, indicating that maize converted its energy storage into energy synthesis to fight the invasion of A. flavus. These results of this study enriched the mechanism of quality deterioration during maize storage, and provide theoretical and technical support for the prevention of A. flavus infection during maize storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yafan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bowen Tai
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bolei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Fuguo Xing
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Vignesh A, Amal TC, Vasanth K. Food contaminants: Impact of food processing, challenges and mitigation strategies for food security. Food Res Int 2024; 191:114739. [PMID: 39059927 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Food preparation involves the blending of various food ingredients to make more convenient processed food products. It is a long chain process, where each stage posing a risk of accumulating hazardous contaminants in these food systems. Protecting the public health from contaminated foods has become a demanding task in ensuring food safety. This review focused on the causes, types, and health risks of contaminants or hazardous chemicals during food processing. The impact of cooking such as frying, grilling, roasting, and baking, which may lead to the formation of hazardous by-products, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heterocyclic amines (HCAs), acrylamide, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), furan, acrolein, nitrosamines, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and trans-fatty acids (TFAs). Potential health risks such as carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and cardiovascular effects are emerging as a major problem in the modern lifestyle era due to the increased uptakes of contaminants. Effects of curing, smoking, and fermentation of the meat products led to affect the sensory and nutritional characteristics of meat products. Selecting appropriate cooking methods include temperature, time and the consumption of the food are major key factors that should be considered to avoid the excess level intake of hazardous contaminants. Overall, this study underscores the importance of understanding the risks associated with food preparation methods, strategies for minimizing the formation of harmful compounds during food processing and highlights the need for healthy dietary choices to mitigate potential health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Vignesh
- Department of Botany, Nallamuthu Gounder Mahalingam College (Autonomous), Pollachi 642 001, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Thomas Cheeran Amal
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research, RS, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Vasanth
- Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhang HJ, Luo JZ, Lan CL, Teng X, Ge B, Liu JQ, Xie HX, Yang KJ, Qin CJ, Zhou X, Peng T. Baicalin protects against hepatocyte injury caused by aflatoxin B 1 via the TP53-related ferroptosis Pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116661. [PMID: 38954907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Baicalin has antioxidative, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its ability to alleviate oxidative stress (OS) and DNA damage in liver cells exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a highly hepatotoxic compound, remains uncertain. In this study, the protective effects of baicalin on AFB1-induced hepatocyte injury and the mechanisms underlying those effects were investigated. METHODS Stable cell lines expressing CYP3A4 were established using lentiviral vectors to assess oxidative stress levels by conducting assays to determine the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Additionally, DNA damage was evaluated by 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and comet assays. Transcriptome sequencing, molecular docking, and in vitro experiments were conducted to determine the mechanisms underlying the effects of baicalin on AFB1-induced hepatocyte injury. In vivo, a rat model of hepatocyte injury induced by AFB1 was used to evaluate the effects of baicalin. RESULTS In vitro, baicalin significantly attenuated AFB1-induced injury caused due to OS, as determined by a decrease in ROS, MDA, and SOD levels. Baicalin also considerably decreased AFB1-induced DNA damage in hepatocytes. This protective effect of baicalin was found to be closely associated with the TP53-mediated ferroptosis pathway. To elaborate, baicalin physically interacts with P53, leading to the suppression of the expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11, which in turn inhibits ferroptosis. In vivo findings showed that baicalin decreased DNA damage and ferroptosis in AFB1-treated rat liver tissues, as determined by a decrease in the expression of γ-H2AX and an increase in GPX4 and SLC7A11 levels. Overexpression of TP53 weakened the protective effects of baicalin. CONCLUSIONS Baicalin can alleviate AFB1-induced OS and DNA damage in liver cells via the TP53-mediated ferroptosis pathway. In this study, a theoretical foundation was established for the use of baicalin in protecting the liver from the toxic effects of AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jing Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning 530021, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jian-Zhu Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China
| | - Chen-Lu Lan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiong Teng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Bin Ge
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jun-Qi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hai-Xiang Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ke-Jian Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chong-Jiu Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning 530021, China.
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Aloui A, Ben Salah-Abbès J, Belgacem H, Dhif H, Zinedine A, Riba A, Meile JC, Durande N, Brabet C, Abbès S. AFM 1 exposure in male balb/c mice and intervention strategies against its immuno-physiological toxicity using clay mineral and lactic acid bacteria alone or in combination. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:199-211. [PMID: 38151925 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2300299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Aflatoxins are the most harmful mycotoxins that cause human and animal health concerns. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the primary hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1 and is linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and immunotoxicity in humans and animals. Because of the important role of dairy products in human life, especially children, AFM1 is such a major concern to humans because of its frequent occurrence in dairy products at concentrations high enough to cause adverse effects to human and animal health. Reduced its bioavailability becomes a high priority in order to protect human and animal health. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate, in vivo, the ability of lactic acid bacteria (lactobacillus rhamnosus GAF01, LR) and clay mineral (bentonite, BT) mixture to mitigate/reduce AFM1-induced immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in exposed Balb/c mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vivo study was conducted using male Balb/c mice that treated, orally, by AFM1 alone or in combination with LR and/or BT, daily for 10 days as follows: group 1 control received 200 µl of PBS, group 2 treated with LR alone (2.108 CFU/mL), group 3 treated with BT alone (1 g/kg bw), group 4 treated with AFM1 alone (100 μg/kg), group 5 co-treated with LR + AFM1, group 6 co-treated with BT + AFM1, group 7 co-treated with BT + LR + AFM1. Forty-eight h after the end of the treatment, the mice were sacrificed and the blood, spleen, thymus, liver and kidney were collected. The blood was used for biochemical and immunological study. Spleen and thymus samples were used to thymocytes and splenocytes assessments. Liver and kidney samples were the target for evaluation of oxidative stress enzymes status and for histological assays. RESULTS The results showed that AFM1 caused toxicities in male Blab/c mice at different levels. Treatment with AFM1 resulted in severe stress of liver and kidney organs indicated by a significant change in the biochemical and immunological parameters, histopathology as well as a disorder in the profile of oxidative stress enzymes levels. Also, it was demonstrated that AFM1 caused toxicities in thymus and spleen organs. The co-treatment with LR and/or BT significantly improved the hepatic and renal tissues, regulated antioxidant enzyme activities, spleen and thymus viability and biochemical and immunological parameters. LR and BT alone showed to be safe during the treatment. CONCLUSION In summary, the LR and/or BT was able to reduce the biochemical, histopathological and immunological damages induced by AFM1 and indeed it could be exploited as one of the biological strategies for food and feedstuffs detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Aloui
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Montpellier University, QUALISUD, UMR 95, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Jalila Ben Salah-Abbès
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hela Belgacem
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Dhif
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Abdellah Zinedine
- BIOMARE Laboratory, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Amar Riba
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens (LBSM), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Jean Christophe Meile
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, Montpellier, France
- Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Noel Durande
- Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Brabet
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, Montpellier, France
- Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Samir Abbès
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Oloruntola OD, Ayodele SO, Oloruntola DA, Olarotimi OJ, Falowo AB, Akinduro VO, Gbore FA, Adu OA, Agbede JO. Dietary supplementation of Capsicum powder affects the growth, immunoglobulins, pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, meat, and liver histology of aflatoxin B1 exposed broiler chickens. Toxicon 2024; 240:107640. [PMID: 38325757 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation with Capsicum annuum fruit pericarp powder (CPP) and Capsicum annuum fruit seed powder (CSP) on the health and performance of broiler chickens exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was investigated. Four dietary groups were established: CON (control), AFT (0.5 mg/kg AFB1), CPAF (0.5 g/kg CPP and 0.5 mg/kg AFB1), and CSAF (0.5 g/kg CSP and 0.5 mg/kg AFB1). The AFT group shows a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the relative growth rate compared to CON, CPAF, and CSAF. In contrast, the latter two groups exhibit growth rates similar (P > 0.05) to CON. Additionally, immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM, and IgA) in the AFT group are significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared to the other treatment groups. Serum interleukin-6 levels in the CPAF and CSAF groups were similar (P > 0.05) to CON but higher (P < 0.05) than in AFT. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were elevated (P < 0.05) in AFT compared to the other treatment groups. Interferon-gamma concentrations in AFT were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than in the other treatment groups. The liver histology reveals that the AFT treatment group has periportal hepatic inflammation. In contrast, the CPAF and CSAF treatment groups exhibit normal hepatic microanatomy. In conclusion, 0.5 g/kg CPAF dietary supplementation may help to ameliorate the adverse effects of AFB1 exposure on broiler chicken health, specifically the growth, immune parameters and liver histology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simeon O Ayodele
- Department of Agricultural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Deborah A Oloruntola
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Nigeria
| | | | - Andrew B Falowo
- Department of Animal Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria
| | - Victor O Akinduro
- Department of Animal Science, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Francis A Gbore
- Department of Animal Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi A Adu
- Department of Animal Production and Health, The Federal University of Technology, Akure. Nigeria
| | - Johnson O Agbede
- Department of Animal Production and Health, The Federal University of Technology, Akure. Nigeria
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Jiang L, Zhao N, Xu M, Pei J, Lin Y, Yao Q, Hu M, Zhu C. Incidence trends of primary liver cancer in different geographical regions of China from 1978 to 2012 and projections to 2032: An age-period-cohort analysis. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:465-476. [PMID: 37707172 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
China accounted for 45.3% of new cases of primary liver cancer (PLC) worldwide in 2020. While variations in PLC incidence between different regions of China and decreasing incidence in overall China have been reported, incidence patterns have not been thoroughly explored by region. We examined the nearly status and temporal trends of PLC incidence in different geographical regions in China and project future trends. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) was estimated for 1978 to 2012 by different geographical regions and gender in China. Age-period-cohort model was adopted to evaluate age and birth cohort effects on the temporal trend of five registries of China (Hong Kong, Shanghai, Jiashan, Harbin and Zhongshan), Bayesian age-period-cohort model was adopted to project future trends for 2013 to 2032. PLC incidence in China exhibits marked geographical disparity, with the highest incidence in Southwest China, and gender differences being particularly pronounced in South China. While other registries exhibited decreasing trend, Zhongshan exhibited an increasing trend, with the cohort effect showing a marked upward trend for females born in 1916 to 1949 and males born in 1916 to 1962. During 2013 to 2032, the ASR appears to increase by 86.9% for men and 40.0% for women in Zhongshan, while the remaining registries will decline by around 50%. Since the high incidence of hepatitis B virus infection in early birth cohort, recent rise of nonviral risk factors and the severe aging of the Chinese population, it may be critical to tailor future prevention and control strategies for PLC to the distribution of risk factors in different geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ningxuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Pei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yidie Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meijing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cairong Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Altun SK, Aydemir ME, Alkan S. Trends in Aflatoxin M 1 Global Research: A Bibliometric Analysis Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 53:175-186. [PMID: 38694852 PMCID: PMC11058384 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i1.14694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Fungal metabolites known as aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) are linked to contaminated milk and milk products. Consuming food contaminated with AFM1 poses major health risks and may even be fatal. Methods The retrieved publications were categorized in this bibliometric study using the Web of Science (WoS) database Jan 1, 1970 to Nov 30, 2022 based on a variety of factors, including the time of publication of articles, citation totals, languages, research areas, countries, affiliations, funding agencies, journals, and keywords analysis to identify any hot and developing subjects. Additionally, VOSviewer software version 1.6.18 provided the bibliometric analysis of the global collaboration network and hot research themes. Results Overall, 679 published documents were detected. Food Control was the top-line journal in publications on AFM1 research with 540 published articles, while the USA was the best productive country in AFM1 publications as well as the major country with the maximum co-authorship collaboration. This study ensures quantitative and qualitative analyses of the top 25 journals, most cited published articles, most relevant authors and title word occurrences in published documents on AFM1 publications. Over the past two decades, there has been an enormous rise for research conducted on global AFM1. Conclusion The assessment of the historical state and development trend in AFM1 scientific research can serve as a roadmap for future research and eventually, serve as a foundation for bettering management practices for territorial decisions, healthcare, and dairy industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Kılıç Altun
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Aydemir
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Sevil Alkan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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8
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Beurel E. Stress in the microbiome-immune crosstalk. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2327409. [PMID: 38488630 PMCID: PMC10950285 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2327409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota exerts a mutualistic interaction with the host in a fragile ecosystem and the host intestinal, neural, and immune cells. Perturbations of the gastrointestinal track composition after stress have profound consequences on the central nervous system and the immune system. Reciprocally, brain signals after stress affect the gut microbiota highlighting the bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut. Here, we focus on the potential role of inflammation in mediating stress-induced gut-brain changes and discuss the impact of several immune cells and inflammatory molecules of the gut-brain dialogue after stress. Understanding the impact of microbial changes on the immune system after stress might provide new avenues for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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9
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Nejad BG, Mostafaei Z, Rezaabad AB, Mehravar F, Zarei M, Dehghani A, Estabragh MAR, Karami-Mohajeri S, Alizadeh H. A systematic review with meta-analysis of the relation of aflatoxin B1 to growth impairment in infants/children. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:614. [PMID: 38053136 PMCID: PMC10696779 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aflatoxins are regarded as the most potent genotoxic and carcinogenic type of mycotoxins. This meta-analysis was performed to investigate a the relation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to growth measurements of infants/children, including wasting, underweight, stunting, as well as weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ) z-scores. METHODS Electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to identify related publications. Effect sizes for associations were pooled using the random effects analysis. Subgroup analysis by study design, method used to assess AFB1, and adjustment for covariateswas performed to detect possible sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS Pooled analysis of available data showed that AFB1 exposure was negatively associated growth z-scores, including WHZ (β = -0.02, 95%CI = -0.07 to 0.03), with WAZ (β = -0.18, 95%CI = -0.33 to -0.02), and HAZ (β = -0.17, 95%CI = -0.30 to -0.03) in infants/children. There was a remarkable heterogeneity among studies on WAZ and HAZ (P ≤ 0.001). In prospective cohort studies, AFB1 exposure was found to be significantly associated with the elevated risk of underweight (OR = 1.20, 95%CI = 1.03 to 1.40) and stunting (OR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.11 to 1.33). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis highlighted the importance of AFB1 exposure as a potential risk factor for growth impairment in infants/children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Ghorbani Nejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Mostafaei
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Balouchi Rezaabad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehravar
- Department of Psychiatry and Community Health Nursing School of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences (GOUMS), Golestan, Iran
| | - Mahtab Zarei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Dehghani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hamzeh Alizadeh
- Genetics Research Center, Department of Genetics and Breeding, The University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
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10
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Wu D, Wu Y, Zhang M, Lan H. Aflatoxin B1 exposure triggers inflammation and premature skin aging via ERMCS/Ca 2+/ROS signaling cascade. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110961. [PMID: 37742367 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a recognized hazard environmental contaminant mainly found in cereal and fruits. The toxicity of AFB1 exposure to various organs has been revealed in some literature. In current study, we explored the effect of AFB1 exposure on premature aging/senescence of skin. In vivo, 8-week-old C57 mice were used as models to evaluate the effect of dietary AFB1 exposure on premature skin aging. The results showed that AFB1 exposure caused premature skin aging by testing aging markers. Additionally, AFB1 led to oxidative stress and inflammatory response. In vitro, AFB1 exposure triggered premature cellular senescence in mouse skin fibroblasts cells (L929 cells) by assessing a range of cellular senescence-related markers. Further, the potential molecular mechanism by which AFB1 induce the premature skin aging was studied. ROS and Ca2+ is proven to be the key molecules in AFB1-induced cellular senescence. Further, through eliminating Ca2+, AFB1-caused oxidative stress and cellular senescence were both attenuated, suggesting that Ca2+ overload in the mitochondria results in cellular senescence by increasing ROS production. Next, we analyzed the causes of Ca2+ overload, and results showed that AFB1 exposure induces Ca2+ overload through increasing the formation of mitoguardin (Miga) and vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-associated protein (Vap33)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contact sites (ERMCS). AFB1 exposure also inhibited mitophagy, leading to accelerate L929 cell senescence. In short, combining in vivo and in vitro results, we demonstrate that exposure to AFB1 causes premature skin aging, which is dependent on ERMCS/Ca2+/ROS/ signaling axis. The current study suggests that prolonged exposure to AFB1 makes skin more vulnerable to damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyi Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Hainan Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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11
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Leite M, Freitas A, Barbosa J, Ramos F. Regulated and Emerging Mycotoxins in Bulk Raw Milk: What Is the Human Risk? Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:605. [PMID: 37888636 PMCID: PMC10610745 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15100605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are abiotic hazards whose contamination occurs at the pre- and post-harvest stages of the maize value chain, with animal exposure through contaminated feed leading to their excretion into milk. Currently, only aflatoxin M1 is regulated in milk products. Since feed materials and complete feed present a multi-mycotoxin composition and are the main mycotoxin source into milk, it is important to recognize the occurrence of multiple toxins and their co-occurrence in this highly consumed food product. The aim of this study was to determine the content of regulated and emerging mycotoxins in milk samples, which allowed for evaluating the occurrence and co-occurrence patterns of different mycotoxins known to contaminate feed materials and complete animal feed. Human exposure considering the occurrence patterns obtained was also estimated. Aflatoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, and emerging mycotoxins were among the mycotoxins found to be present in the 100 samples analyzed. Concentrations ranged from 0.006 to 16.3 μg L-1, with no sample exceeding the AFM1 maximum level. Though several mycotoxins were detected, no exceeding values were observed considering the TDI or PMTDI. It can be concluded that the observed exposure does not pose a health risk to milk consumers, though it is important to recognize vulnerable age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Leite
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Science Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Rua dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, Apartado, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Freitas
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Rua dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, Apartado, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Barbosa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, Apartado, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Science Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, Apartado, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
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12
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Ashraf W, Rehman A, Rabbani M, Shaukat W, Wang JS. Aflatoxins posing threat to food safety and security in Pakistan: Call for a one health approach. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:114006. [PMID: 37652127 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are among the most important mycotoxins due to their widespread occurrence and adverse impacts on humans and animals. These toxins and/or their metabolites cannot be destroyed with cooking or boiling methods. Therefore, consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated food may lead to impaired growth, compromised immunity, stomach and liver cancer, and acute toxicity. These adverse effects along with food wastage might have detrimental consequences on a country's economy. Several studies from Pakistan reported a high prevalence of aflatoxins in food and feed commodities (Range; milk = 0.6-99.4%, cereals, and grains = 0.38-41%, animal feed = 31-100%). Notably, Pakistan reported very high figures of impaired child growth-stunted 40.2%, wasted 17.7% and underweight 28.9%-that could be associated with the higher aflatoxin prevalence in food items. Importantly, high aflatoxins prevalence, i.e. 100%, 69% and 60.5%, in children has been reported in Pakistan. Food and feed are more prone to aflatoxin contamination due to Pakistan's hot and humid climate; however, limited awareness, inadequate policy framework, and weak implementation mechanisms are the major obstacles to effective control. This review will discuss aflatoxins prevalence, associated risk factors, adverse health effects, required regulatory regime, and effective control strategies adopting the One Health approach to ensure food safety and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseela Ashraf
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, 54000, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Health Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Health Services Academy, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Masood Rabbani
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Shaukat
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N4N1, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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13
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Lee Y, Park SJ, Kim K, Kim TO, Lee SE. Antifungal and Antiaflatoxigenic Activities of Massoia Essential Oil and C10 Massoia Lactone against Aflatoxin-Producing Aspergillus flavus. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:571. [PMID: 37755997 PMCID: PMC10537029 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infection and mycotoxin contamination are major hazards to the safe storage and distribution of foods and feeds consumed by humans and livestock. This study investigated the antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities of massoia essential oil (MEO) and its major constituent, C10 massoia lactone (C10), against aflatoxin B (AFB)-producing Aspergillus flavus ATCC 22546. Their antifungal activities were evaluated using a disc diffusion assay, agar dilution method, and a mycelial growth inhibition assay with the AFB analysis using liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. MEO and C10 exhibited similar antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities against A. flavus. C10 was a primary constituent in MEO and represented up to 45.1% of total peak areas analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, indicating that C10 is a major compound contributing to the antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities of MEO. Interestingly, these two materials increased AFB production in A. flavus by upregulating the expression of most genes related to AFB biosynthesis by 3- to 60-fold. Overall, MEO and C10 could be suitable candidates as natural preservatives to control fungal infection and mycotoxin contamination in foods and feeds as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) in the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States (FEMA), and MEO is a more suitable substance than C10 because of its wider range of uses and higher allowed concentration than C10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soo Jean Park
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Kyeongnam Kim
- Institute of Quality and Safety Evaluation of Agricultural Products, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae-Oh Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
- Institute of Quality and Safety Evaluation of Agricultural Products, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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14
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Samreen S, Khan E, Ahmad IZ. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation analysis of bioactive compounds of Cichorium intybus L. seed against hepatocellular carcinoma. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37621217 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2250465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In this article, bioactive compounds present in Cichorium intybus L. seeds were collected from literature review and analyzed for probable remedy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cichorium intybus L. is a traditional plant used all over the world mainly in hepatic disorders and renal diseases. This therapeutic plant has many bioactive compounds like chicoric acid, chlorogenic acid, sesquiterpne lactones, stigmasterols etc are found in seeds. Here, the target protein p53 (PDB ID: 2OCJ) which is involved in many cancerous pathways, is chosen. The preADMET study filtered out some compounds which were then subjected to molecular docking studies by Autodock tool 4.2. Afterwards, two best compounds (Esculetin and Isochlorogenic acid) were screened out on the basis of binding energy as compared to the standard compound (Doxorubicin). All these complexes were then analyzed for stability by molecular dynamics using online GROMACS tool. In the comparative simulation study, the compound Esculetin shows a stable interaction with the p53 over the 100 ns trajectory. Hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for high mortality of cancer related death worldwide. These findings suggest that these compound can be used to treat the hepatocellular carcinoma.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiyah Samreen
- Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Elhan Khan
- Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Iffat Zareen Ahmad
- Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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15
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Tueller G, Kerry R, Young SG. Spatial investigation of the links between aflatoxins legislation, climate, and liver cancer at the global scale. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2023; 46:100592. [PMID: 37500231 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2023.100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are carcinogenic toxins produced by fungi, and many countries legislate limits in food. Previous research suggests elevated liver cancer (LC) mortality in some areas may be due to aflatoxin exposure, but this has not been investigated spatially. We investigate links between aflatoxin legislation, climate, and LC mortality and other covariates globally. Comparison tests of LC mortality showed expected patterns with legislation and climate. They also showed associations between high LC mortality and high Hepatitis, low alcohol consumption, low health expenditure and high family agriculture rates. Spatial analysis showed latitudinal trend with significant clusters of low LC mortality in Europe and high rates in West Africa, Central America, East and South-East Asia. Only health expenditure and Hepatitis were significant in spatial regression, but climate and family agriculture were also significant in multiple linear regression (MLR). Results suggest that aflatoxin education and legislation should be expanded, particularly in hot/wet climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Tueller
- Department of Geography, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, United States
| | - Ruth Kerry
- Department of Geography, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, United States.
| | - Sean G Young
- O'Donnell School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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16
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Ye L, Chen H, Tsim KWK, Shen X, Li X, Li X, Lei H, Liu Y. Aflatoxin B 1 Induces Inflammatory Liver Injury via Gut Microbiota in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37406338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent food-borne hepatocarcinogen, is the most toxic aflatoxin that induces liver injury in humans and animals. Species-specific sensitivities of aflatoxins cannot be fully explained by differences in the metabolism of AFB1 between animal species. The gut microbiota are critical in inflammatory liver injury, but it remains to reveal the role of gut microbiota in AFB1-induced liver injury. Here, mice were gavaged with AFB1 for 28 days. Then, the modulation of gut microbiota, colonic barrier, and liver pyroptosis and inflammation were analyzed. To further verify the direct role of gut microbiota in AFB1-induced liver injury, mice were treated with antibiotic mixtures (ABXs) to deplete the microbiota, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was conducted. The treatment of AFB1 in mice altered gut microbiota composition, such as increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Lactobacillus, inducing colonic barrier dysfunction and promoting liver pyroptosis. In ABX-treated mice, AFB1 had little effect on the colonic barrier and liver pyroptosis. Notably, after FMT, in which the mice were colonized with gut microbiota from AFB1-treated mice, colonic barrier dysfunction, and liver pyroptosis and inflammation were obliviously identified. We proposed that the gut microbiota directly participated in AFB1-induced liver pyroptosis and inflammation. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms of AFB1 hepatotoxicity and pave a window for new targeted interventions to prevent or reduce AFB1 hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huodai Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Karl Wah Keung Tsim
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xueling Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yunle Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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17
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Sami A, Elimairi I, Ryan CA, Stanton C, Patangia D, Ross RP. Altered oral microbiome in Sudanese Toombak smokeless tobacco users carries a newly emerging risk of squamous cell carcinoma development and progression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6645. [PMID: 37095112 PMCID: PMC10125980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There are an estimated 6-10 million smokeless tobacco (Toombak) users in Sudan, the majority being males. Toombak is known to be a carcinogenic product that is likely to modify the oral microbiome spatiality into a high-risk potential for the development and progression of oral cancer, but previous studies are lacking in this field. Here, we endeavour for the first time the exploration of the oral microbiome in key mucosal areas of the oral cavity and assess the microbiome variations in premalignant and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples from both users and non-users of Toombak. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on DNA obtained from pooled saliva, oral mucosa and supragingival plaque from 78 Sudanese users and non-users of Toombak, aged between 20 and 70 years. In 32 of the pooled saliva samples, the mycobiome (fungal) environment was analysed through ITS sequencing. Then, 46 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of premalignant and OSCC samples were collected, and their associated microbiomes sequenced. The oral Sudanese microbiome was found to be enriched in Streptococcaceae, but Staphylococcaceae were significantly more abundant amongst Toombak users. Genera enriched in the oral cavity of Toombak users included Corynebacterium_1 and Cardiobacterium while in non-users, Prevotella, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were prominent. Aspergillus was the most abundant fungus in the mouths of Toombak users with a marked loss of Candida. The genus Corynebacterium_1 was abundant in the buccal, floor of the mouth and saliva microbiomes as well as in oral cancer samples from Toombak users indicating a possible role for this genus in the early stages of oral cancer development. An oral cancer microbiome that favours poor survival and metastasis in those who use Toombak also emerged that includes the genera Stenotrophomonas and Schlegelella. Those utilising Toombak carry an altered oral microbiome that may be an additional risk factor for this products carcinogenicity to the oral structures. These significant microbiome modulations are a newly emerging key driving factor in oral cancer development and progression in Toombak users while it is also shown that Toombak users carry an oral cancer microbiome that may increase the potential for a poorer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Sami
- APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, National Ribat University, Nile street, 1111, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Imad Elimairi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, National Ribat University, Nile street, 1111, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - C Anthony Ryan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12 DFK4, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland.
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
| | - Dhrati Patangia
- APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
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18
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Mohsen E, El-Metwally MA, Ibrahim AA, Soliman MI. Impact of green antioxidants on decreasing the aflatoxins percentage in peanut oil seed ( Arachis hypogaea L.) during storage. Sci Prog 2023; 106:368504231176165. [PMID: 37226455 PMCID: PMC10450326 DOI: 10.1177/00368504231176165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study conducted an experimental investigation to impede the degradation of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds and enhance their quality while being stored. The efficacy of eco-friendly chemicals such as ascorbic acid, salicylic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid in seed preservation was evaluated over a period of six months. After a period of six months of storage in a greenhouse, an examination was conducted on peanut seeds that had undergone treatment. Rhizoctonia was observed after Cephalothorax, whereas Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium were the prevailing fungi throughout the storage period. The optimal outcomes were obtained from the conversion of acetic acid to propionic acid. The study observed a decline in seed oil, protein, carbohydrates, germination percentage, energy, index, length, vigour index, dead and rotten seeds, rotted seedlings, and surviving healthy seedlings, with an increase in storage duration ranging from zero to six months. The application of 100% propionic acid to peanut seeds throughout the storage duration resulted in decreased occurrences of deceased seeds, decaying seeds, and deteriorated seedlings. Peanut seeds that underwent treatment with green chemical agents of moderate and high intensity were found to be free of aflatoxin B1. The highest levels of chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids, and total phenols were observed in seeds stored in greenhouses and treated with 100% propionic acid and acetic acid extract. The application of propionic acid 100%, acetic acid 100%, salicylic acid 4 g/l and ascorbic acid 4 g/l proved to be the most effective treatments for peanut seeds, exhibiting the lowest total aflatoxin level of 0.40. The correlation coefficient between shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight was found to be 0.99, whereas the correlation coefficient between root dry weight and shoot length was 0.67. The seed chemical analysis, seedling characteristics, and germination characteristics were subjected to clustering analysis, resulting in the formation of two distinct groups. The first group consisted of germination percentage and energy levels across all time points (0-6 months), while the second group consisted of the remaining characteristics. The findings of this research propose the utilisation of 100% propionic acid as a viable method for preserving peanut seeds and preventing their deterioration during storage. The application of 100% acetic acid has been found to be effective in enhancing the quality of seeds and minimising losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Mohsen
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Metwally
- Mycological Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amira A Ibrahim
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Arish University, Al-Arish, Egypt
| | - Magda I Soliman
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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19
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Hartmann P, Schnabl B. Fungal infections and the fungal microbiome in hepatobiliary disorders. J Hepatol 2023; 78:836-851. [PMID: 36565724 PMCID: PMC10033447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Liver and biliary diseases affect more than a billion people worldwide, with high associated morbidity and mortality. The impact of the intestinal bacterial microbiome on liver diseases has been well established. However, the fungal microbiome, or mycobiome, has been overlooked for a long time. Recently, several studies have shed light on the role of the mycobiome in the development and progression of hepatobiliary diseases. In particular, the fungal genus Candida has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple hepatobiliary conditions. Herein, we compare colonisation and infection, describe mycobiome findings in the healthy state and across the various hepatobiliary conditions, and point toward communalities. We detail how quantitation of immune responses to fungal antigens can be employed to predict disease severity, e.g. using antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae or specific anti-Candida albicans antibodies. We also show how fungal products (e.g. beta-glucans, candidalysin) activate the host's immune system to exacerbate liver and biliary diseases. Finally, we describe how the gut mycobiome can be modulated to ameliorate hepatobiliary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillipp Hartmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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20
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Zhang L, Chen C, Chai D, Li C, Qiu Z, Kuang T, Liu L, Deng W, Wang W. Characterization of the intestinal fungal microbiome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2023; 21:126. [PMID: 36793057 PMCID: PMC9933289 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gut mycobiota plays a crucial role in benign liver diseases; however, its correlation with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive. This study aimed to elucidate fungal differences in patients with HCC-associated cirrhosis compared to cirrhotic patients without HCC and healthy controls. METHODS The 72 fecal samples from 34 HCC patients, 20 cirrhotic patients, and 18 healthy controls were collected and analyzed using ITS2 rDNA sequencing. RESULTS Our results revealed the presence of intestinal fungal dysbiosis with significant enrichment of opportunistic pathogenic fungi such as Malassezia, Malassezia sp., Candida, and C. albicans in HCC patients compared with healthy controls and cirrhosis patients. Alpha-diversity analysis demonstrated that patients with HCC and cirrhosis showed decreased fungal diversity compared to healthy controls. Beta diversity analysis indicated that the three groups exhibited significant segregated clustering. Besides, C. albicans was found to be significantly more abundant in the HCC patients with TNM stage III-IV than those with stage I-II, in contrast to the commensal organism S. cerevisiae. We also confirmed that the HCC patients were successfully classified with an area under the curve value of 0.906 based on the fecal fungal signature. Finally, our animal experiments confirm that aberrant colonization of the intestine by C. albicans and M. furfur can promote the development of HCC. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that dysbiosis of the gut mycobiome might be involved in HCC development. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR, ChiCTR2100054537. Registered 19 December 2021, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=144550&htm=4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Zhang
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China ,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China ,grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China
| | - Chen Chen
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China ,grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China
| | - Dongqi Chai
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China ,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China ,grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China
| | - Chunlei Li
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China ,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China ,grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China
| | - Zhendong Qiu
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China ,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China ,grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China
| | - Tianrui Kuang
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China ,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China ,grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China
| | - Li Liu
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China ,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China ,grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei China
| | - Wenhong Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China. .,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China. .,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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21
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Thomas CE, Yu Y, Luu HN, Wang R, Paragomi P, Behari J, Yuan J. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in relation to risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cancer Med 2023; 12:3589-3600. [PMID: 36052483 PMCID: PMC9939106 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) or lymphocyte count may be important markers for immune function. Previous work has shown higher NLR was associated with higher risk of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, studies in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients are lacking. METHODS Utilizing the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) electronic health records, we created a retrospective cohort of 27,834 patients diagnosed with NAFLD from 2004 to 2018 with complete NLR data. After an average 5.5 years of follow-up, 203 patients developed HCC. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of HCC incidence associated with different levels of NLR and lymphocyte count. RESULTS Compared with the lowest tertile of NLR (<1.97), the highest tertile of NLR (≥3.09) was statistically significantly associated with a 43% higher risk of HCC incidence (HR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01-2.03, ptrend = 0.031) after adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking status, history of type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and fibrosis-4 score category. Conversely the highest tertile of lymphocyte count (≥2.15 K/ul) was significantly associated with a 36% lower risk of HCC (HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43-0.94, ptrend = 0.028) compared to the lowest tertile (<1.55 K/ul). There was no association between neutrophil count and HCC risk. CONCLUSIONS Higher NLR and lower lymphocyte count are associated with significantly higher risk of HCC among NAFLD patients. These findings warrant further investigation of immune response and surveillance in association with HCC development in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Thomas
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Yi‐Chuan Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Hung N. Luu
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Renwei Wang
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Pedram Paragomi
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jaideep Behari
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jian‐Min Yuan
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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22
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Kamweru I, Beyene Y, Bruce AY, Makumbi D, Adetimirin VO, Pérez-Rodríguez P, Toledo F, Crossa J, Prasanna BM, Gowda M. Genetic analyses of tropical maize lines under artificial infestation of fall armyworm and foliar diseases under optimum conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1086757. [PMID: 36743507 PMCID: PMC9896009 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1086757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Development and deployment of high-yielding maize varieties with native resistance to Fall armyworm (FAW), turcicum leaf blight (TLB), and gray leaf spot (GLS) infestation is critical for addressing the food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance of resistance for FAW, identity hybrids which in addition to FAW resistance, also show resistance to TLB and GLS, and investigate the usefulness of models based on general combining ability (GCA) and SNP markers in predicting the performance of new untested hybrids. Half-diallel mating scheme was used to generate 105 F1 hybrids from 15 parents and another 55 F1 hybrids from 11 parents. These were evaluated in two experiments, each with commercial checks in multiple locations under FAW artificial infestation and optimum management in Kenya. Under artificial FAW infestation, significant mean squares among hybrids and hybrids x environment were observed for most traits in both experiments, including at least one of the three assessments carried out for foliar damage caused by FAW. Interaction of GCA x environment and specific combining ability (SCA) x environment interactions were significant for all traits under FAW infestation and optimal conditions. Moderate to high heritability estimates were observed for GY under both management conditions. Correlation between GY and two of the three scorings (one and three weeks after infestation) for foliar damage caused by FAW were negative (-0.27 and -0.38) and significant. Positive and significant correlation (0.84) was observed between FAW-inflicted ear damage and the percentage of rotten ears. We identified many superior-performing hybrids compared to the best commercial checks for both GY and FAW resistance associated traits. Inbred lines CML312, CML567, CML488, DTPYC9-F46-1-2-1-2, CKDHL164288, CKDHL166062, and CLRCY039 had significant and positive GCA for GY (positive) and FAW resistance-associated traits (negative). CML567 was a parent in four of the top ten hybrids under optimum and FAW conditions. Both additive and non-additive gene action were important in the inheritance of FAW resistance. Both GCA and marker-based models showed high correlation with field performance, but marker-based models exhibited considerably higher correlation. The best performing hybrids identified in this study could be used as potential single cross testers in the development of three-way FAW resistance hybrids. Overall, our results provide insights that help breeders to design effective breeding strategies to develop FAW resistant hybrids that are high yielding under FAW and optimum conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Kamweru
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
- Pan African University, Life and Earth Sciences Institute (Including Health and Agriculture), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Yoseph Beyene
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anani Y. Bruce
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dan Makumbi
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Victor O. Adetimirin
- Department of Crop and Horticultural Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Paulino Pérez-Rodríguez
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Mexico
- Biometrics and Statistics Unit, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Biometrics and Statistics Unit, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Jose Crossa
- Biometrics and Statistics Unit, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | - Manje Gowda
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
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23
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Aflatoxins: Source, Detection, Clinical Features and Prevention. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The most potent mycotoxin, aflatoxins are the secondary metabolite produced by fungi, especially Aspergillus, and have been found to be ubiquitous, contaminating cereals, crops, and even milk and causing major health and economic issues in some countries due to poor storage, substandard management, and lack of awareness. Different aspects of the toxin are reviewed here, including its structural biochemistry, occurrence, factors conducive to its contamination and intoxication and related clinical features, as well as suggested preventive and control strategies and detection methods.
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Mahfuz M, Hossain MS, Alam MA, Gazi MA, Fahim SM, Nahar B, Ahmed T. Chronic Aflatoxin Exposure and Cognitive and Language Development in Young Children of Bangladesh: A Longitudinal Study. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120855. [PMID: 36548752 PMCID: PMC9784379 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin can cross the blood-brain barrier, damage brain tissues, and have the potential to harm the development of the human brain. Although dietary aflatoxin exposure is common in children, there is a paucity of data on aflatoxin exposure and child developmental outcomes. The child's cognitive, motor, and language functions were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III or BSID-III at the same time points. Association between exposure to aflatoxin and subtests of BSID-III were examined using mixed-effect linear regression. Aflatoxin assays were performed on 194, 167, and 163 children at 15, 24, and 36 months of age, and chronic aflatoxin exposure was detected in 20.6%, 16.8%, and 60.7% of children, respectively. Multi-variable analyses showed that aflatoxin exposure was independently related to the children's cognitive score (β: -0.69; 95% CI: -1.36, -0.02), receptive language score (β: -0.90; 95% CI: -1.62, -0.17), and expressive language score (β: -1.01; 95% CI: -1.96, -0.05). We did not observe any association between exposure to aflatoxin and the motor function of children. Chronic exposure to aflatoxin exposure was linked to reduced cognitive, expressive, and receptive language scores of the study children. Further research is needed in a different setting to confirm this novel finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Mahfuz
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, 3352 Tampere, Finland
| | - Md. Shabab Hossain
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashraful Alam
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
- Correspondence:
| | - Md. Amran Gazi
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Mohammad Fahim
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Baitun Nahar
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
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25
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Comprehensive Review of Aflatoxin Contamination, Impact on Health and Food Security, and Management Strategies in Pakistan. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120845. [PMID: 36548742 PMCID: PMC9781569 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are the most important toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic fungal toxins that routinely contaminate food and feed. While more than 20 AFs have been identified to date, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1), G2 (AFG2), and M1 (AFM1) are the most common. Over 25 species of Aspergillus have been shown to produce AFs, with Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Aspergillus nomius being the most important and well-known AF-producing fungi. These ubiquitous molds can propagate on agricultural commodities to produce AFs in fields and during harvesting, processing, transportation, and storage. Countries with warmer climates and that produce foods susceptible to AF contamination shoulder a substantial portion of the global AF burden. Pakistan's warm climate promotes the growth of toxigenic fungi, resulting in frequent AF contamination of human foods and animal feeds. The potential for contamination in Pakistan is exacerbated by improper storage conditions and a lack of regulatory limits and enforcement mechanisms. High levels of AFs in common commodities produced in Pakistan are a major food safety problem, posing serious health risks to the population. Furthermore, aflatoxin contamination contributes to economic losses by limiting exports of these commodities. In this review, recent information regarding the fungal producers of AFs, prevalence of AF contamination of foods and feed, current regulations, and AF prevention and removal strategies are summarized, with a major focus on Pakistan.
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26
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Liu R, Li H, Qiu Y, Liu H, Cheng Z. Recent Advances in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment with Radionuclides. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1339. [PMID: 36355512 PMCID: PMC9694760 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
As the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by late detection, difficult diagnosis and treatment, rapid progression, and poor prognosis. Current treatments for liver cancer include surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation, liver transplantation, chemotherapy, external radiation therapy, and internal radionuclide therapy. Radionuclide therapy is the use of high-energy radiation emitted by radionuclides to eradicate tumor cells, thus achieving the therapeutic effect. Recently, with the continuous development of biomedical technology, the application of radionuclides in treatment of HCC has progressed steadily. This review focuses on three types of radionuclide-based treatment regimens, including transarterial radioembolization (TARE), radioactive seed implantation, and radioimmunotherapy. Their research progress and clinical applications are summarized. The advantages, limitations, and clinical potential of radionuclide treatment of HCC are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yihua Qiu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Hongguang Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, China
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27
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Liu Y, Liu L. Changes in the Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Asia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184473. [PMID: 36139633 PMCID: PMC9496757 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Asia are among the world leaders. By understanding the changes in prevalence and influencing factors of HCC, we can better understand the current situation in Asia and take measures to reduce the incidence. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality, and the incidence is on the rise. HCC imposes a heavy healthcare burden on Asian countries due to the presence of multiple HCC risk factors in this area. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD), aflatoxin and alcohol intake are the causes of HCC that cannot be ignored. Compared with the pre-vaccination era, universal vaccination of newborns reduces the incidence of HCC. Anti-viral therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues also causes a decline in HCC incidence. Early screening and direct-acting antiviral agent are beneficial to the prevention and treatment of HCV. For HCC caused by NAFLD and other reasons, lifestyle changes are imperative. This paper introduces the epidemiological trends of HCC in Asia and highlight future efforts. Focusing on prevention may be the most effective way to improve the prognosis of this hard-to-treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei 230001, China
- Correspondence:
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28
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Faraji H, Yazdi FT, Razmi N. The influence of ultraviolet radiation on aflatoxin producing Aspergillus species' isolated from Iranian rice. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1528-1536. [PMID: 36518428 PMCID: PMC9742913 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereal grains are a favorable habitat for aflatoxin- producing fungus to develop. the current investigation was carried out to evaluate the quantity and kind of contaminated imported grains and rice generated in the province of Shiraz, Iran. A total of 60 random rice samples were taken from paddy fields in October and November 2020. Aspergillus genera were detected using PCR. HPLC was used to determine the quantity and type of aflatoxin and mycotoxins in samples collected. Irradiation studies were carried out utilizing a collimated beam system with wavelengths ranging from 200 to 360 nm. The quality of rice was assessed using UV light therapy on some of the changed factors, such as amylose content, aroma, and brightness [P < 0.05]. Aspergillus genera were found in 33.3% [20 samples of 60] of rice samples after morphological and molecular analysis of the ITS gene. According to the sequencing experiment, 12 strains [60%] were identified as Aspergillus flavus, whereas 8 strains [40%] were identified as Aspergillus parasiticus. Ver-1 and afl-R genes were positive in 12/12 [100%] Aspergillus flavus and 87.5% in Aspergillus parasiticus. According to the HPLC findings, three Aspergillus parasiticus strains [37.5%] were able to create all four types of aflatoxins, and aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 were produced by 16.6% of Aspergillus flavus strains. Aflatoxin-1 (AFG1) was lowered to 35.1, 48.2, 59.9, and 65.2%, significantly, at doses of 1.22, 2.44, 3.66, and 4.88 Jcm-2 [P < 0.01]. Furthermore, at doses of 1.22, 2.44, 3.66, and 4.88 Jcm-2, AFB2 and AFG2 was shown to be reduced by 13.1%, 11.7%, 30.3%, and 28.9%. [P < 0.05]. At a maximum dose of 4.88 Jcm-2, AFB1 was shown to be extremely susceptible to UV irradiation, with a > 70% decrease seen [P < 0.001]. Our findings imply that UV irradiation with lower energy and lower danger can help minimize aflatoxin contamination in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Faraji
- Department of Microbiology, College of Sciences, Agriculture and Modern Technology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farideh Tabatabaee Yazdi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Sciences, Agriculture and Modern Technology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Food Science Industry Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nematollah Razmi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Sciences, Agriculture and Modern Technology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
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29
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Zeng S, Schnabl B. Roles for the mycobiome in liver disease. Liver Int 2022; 42:729-741. [PMID: 34995410 PMCID: PMC8930708 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease, a major cause of global mortality, has been associated with dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microbes). Studies have associated changes in gut bacteria with pathogenesis and severity of liver disease, but the contributions of the mycobiome (the fungal populations of the gut) to health and disease have not been well studied. We review recent findings of alterations in the composition of the mycobiota in patients with liver disease and discuss the mechanisms by which these might affect pathogenesis and disease progression. Strategies to manipulate the gut mycobiota might be developed to treat or prevent liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suling Zeng
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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30
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Jiang H, Wang J, Mao W, Chen Q. Determination of aflatoxin B1 in wheat based on colourimetric sensor array technology: Optimization of sensor features and model parameters to improve the model generalization performance. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Zhang L, Zhao Y, Guan H, Zhang D. HnRNPU-AS1 inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells and induces autophagy through miR-556-3p/ miR-580-3p/SOCS6 axis. Cancer Biomark 2022; 34:443-457. [PMID: 35275521 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs have drawn increasing research interest in cancer biology. This study aims to investigate the function roles and the underlying mechanism of HnRNPU-AS1 in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expression levels of HnRNPU-AS1, miR-556-3p, miR-580-3p in HCC tissues and cell lines. Western blot was used to determine protein levels of LC3-II, LC3-I, Beclin-1, P62, and SOCS6. Functional assays including CCK8 assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, Transwell assay were performed to evaluate the role of HnRNPU-AS1 in regulating the malignant phenotype of HCC cells. Dual luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down experiment were used to examined the RNA-RNA interaction. RESULTS HnRNPU-AS1 expression was decreased in HCC tissues and cell lines, which was associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. Overexpression of HnRNPU-AS1 could inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion but promote autophagy in HCC cells. Two miRNAs (miR-556-3p and miR-580-3p) were identified as potential targets of HnRNPU-AS1 in lncBASE database, which were significantly upregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. Cell experiments demonstrated the effects of HnRNPU-AS1 overexpression could be attenuated by miR-556-3p or miR-580-3p overexpression. We further revealed that SOX6 was the downstream target of HnRNPU-AS1/miR-556-3p or miR-580-3p axis. Xenograft mouse model validated the tumor-suppressor role of HnRNPU-AS1 overexpression in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the tumor suppressor function of HnRNPU-AS1 in HCC and identified the downstream molecules underlying its tumor suppressor function. Our results suggest that HnRNPU-AS1 suppresses HCC by targeting miR-556-3p and miR-580-3p/SOXS6 axis.
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Bakrania A, Zheng G, Bhat M. Nanomedicine in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A New Frontier in Targeted Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:41. [PMID: 35056937 PMCID: PMC8779722 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death and is associated with a dismal median survival of 2-9 months. The fundamental limitations and ineffectiveness of current HCC treatments have led to the development of a vast range of nanotechnologies with the goal of improving the safety and efficacy of treatment for HCC. Although remarkable success has been achieved in nanomedicine research, there are unique considerations such as molecular heterogeneity and concomitant liver dysfunction that complicate the translation of nanotheranostics in HCC. This review highlights the progress, challenges, and targeting opportunities in HCC nanomedicine based on the growing literature in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bakrania
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada;
- Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada;
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada;
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mamatha Bhat
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada;
- Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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Yu YC, Luu HN, Wang R, Thomas CE, Glynn NW, Youk AO, Behari J, Yuan JM. Serum Biomarkers of Iron Status and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 31:230-235. [PMID: 34649958 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a major contributor to the rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States and other developed countries. Iron, an essential metal primarily stored in hepatocytes, may play a role in the development of NAFLD-related HCC. Epidemiologic data on iron overload without hemochromatosis in relation to HCC are sparse. This study aimed to examine the associations between serum biomarkers of iron and the risk of HCC in patients with NAFLD. METHODS We identified 18,569 patients with NAFLD using the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center electronic health records from 2004 through 2018. After an average 4.34 years of follow-up, 244 patients developed HCC. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of HCC incidence associated with elevated levels of iron biomarkers with adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index, history of diabetes, and tobacco smoking. RESULTS The HRs (95% CIs) of HCC for clinically defined elevation of serum iron and transferrin saturation were 2.91 (1.34-6.30) and 2.02 (1.22-3.32), respectively, compared with their respective normal range. No statistically significant association was observed for total iron-binding capacity or serum ferritin with HCC risk. CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of serum iron and transferrin saturation were significantly associated with increased risk of HCC among patients with NAFLD without hemochromatosis or other major underlying causes of chronic liver diseases. IMPACT Clinical surveillance of serum iron level may be a potential strategy to identify patients with NAFLD who are at high risk for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chuan Yu
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hung N Luu
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Claire E Thomas
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nancy W Glynn
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ada O Youk
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jaideep Behari
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Yang Y, Ma Y, Yuan M, Peng Y, Fang Z, Wang J. Identifying the biomarkers and pathways associated with hepatocellular carcinoma based on an integrated analysis approach. Liver Int 2021; 41:2485-2498. [PMID: 34033190 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The molecular mechanism underlying HCC is still unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to explore the genes, pathways and their interactions involved in HCC. METHODS We analysed the gene expression datasets corresponding to 488 samples from 10 studies on HCC and identified the genes differentially expressed in HCC samples. Then, the genes were compared against Phenolyzer and GeneCards to screen those potentially associated with HCC. The features of the selected genes were explored by mapping them onto the human protein-protein interaction network, and a subnetwork related to HCC was constructed. Hub genes in this HCC specific subnetwork were identified, and their relevance with HCC was investigated by survival analysis. RESULTS We identified 444 differentially expressed genes (177 upregulated and 267 downregulated) related to HCC. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that pathways like p53 signalling and chemical carcinogenesis were eriched in HCC genes. In the subnetwork related to HCC, five disease modules were detected. Further analysis identified six hub genes from the HCC specific subnetwork. Survival analysis showed that the expression levels of these genes were negatively correlated with survival rate of HCC patients. CONCLUSIONS Based on a systems biology framework, we identified the genes, pathways, as well as the disease specific network related to HCC. We also found novel biomarkers whose expression patterns were correlated with progression of HCC, and they could be candidates for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuequn Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonglin Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhonghai Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ju Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Soares Mateus AR, Barros S, Pena A, Sanches Silva A. Mycotoxins in Pistachios ( Pistacia vera L.): Methods for Determination, Occurrence, Decontamination. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:682. [PMID: 34678975 PMCID: PMC8538126 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of pistachios (Pistacia vera L.) has been increasing, given their important benefit to human health. In addition to being an excellent nutritional source, they have been associated with chemical hazards, such as mycotoxins, resulting in fungal contamination and its secondary metabolism. Aflatoxins (AFs) are the most common mycotoxins in pistachio and the most toxic to humans, with hepatotoxic effects. More mycotoxins such as ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisins (FBs), zearalenone (ZEA) and trichothecenes (T2, HT2 and DON) and emerging mycotoxins have been involved in nuts. Because of the low levels of concentration and the complexity of the matrix, the determination techniques must be very sensitive. The present paper carries out an extensive review of the state of the art of the determination of mycotoxins in pistachios, concerning the trends in analytical methodologies for their determination and the levels detected as a result of its contamination. Screening methods based on immunoassays are useful due to their simplicity and rapid response. Liquid chromatography (LC) is the gold standard with new improvements to enhance accuracy, precision and sensitivity and a lower detection limit. The reduction of Aspergillus' and aflatoxins' contamination is important to minimize the public health risks. While prevention, mostly in pre-harvest, is the most effective and preferable measure to avoid mycotoxin contamination, there is an increased number of decontamination processes which will also be addressed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Soares Mateus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.R.S.M.); (A.S.S.)
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal;
| | - Sílvia Barros
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal;
| | - Angelina Pena
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.R.S.M.); (A.S.S.)
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.R.S.M.); (A.S.S.)
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal;
- Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Oporto, 55142 Oporto, Portugal
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In Vitro Biological Control of Aspergillus flavus by Hanseniaspora opuntiae L479 and Hanseniaspora uvarum L793, Producers of Antifungal Volatile Organic Compounds. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090663. [PMID: 34564667 PMCID: PMC8471246 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is a toxigenic fungal colonizer of fruits and cereals and may produce one of the most important mycotoxins from a food safety perspective, aflatoxins. Therefore, its growth and mycotoxin production should be effectively avoided to protect consumers' health. Among the safe and green antifungal strategies that can be applied in the field, biocontrol is a recent and emerging strategy that needs to be explored. Yeasts are normally good biocontrol candidates to minimize mold-related hazards and their modes of action are numerous, one of them being the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To this end, the influence of VOCs produced by Hanseniaspora opuntiae L479 and Hanseniaspora uvarum L793 on growth, expression of the regulatory gene of the aflatoxin pathway (aflR) and mycotoxin production by A. flavus for 21 days was assessed. The results showed that both yeasts, despite producing different kinds of VOCs, had a similar effect on inhibiting growth, mycotoxin biosynthetic gene expression and phenotypic toxin production overall at the mid-incubation period when their synthesis was the greatest. Based on the results, both yeast strains, H. opuntiae L479 and H. uvarum L793, are potentially suitable as a biopreservative agents for inhibiting the growth of A. flavus and reducing aflatoxin accumulation.
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Khan MT, Irfan M, Ahsan H, Ali S, Malik A, Pech-Cervantes A, Cui Z, Zhang Y, Wei D. CYP1A2, 2A13, and 3A4 network and interaction with aflatoxin B 1. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2020.2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fungi are known to produce aflatoxins, among which aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most potent carcinogen that is metabolised by cytochrome P450 (CYP450). In the liver, AFB1 is metabolised into exo-8,9-epoxide by the CYP1A2 enzymes. The resulting epoxide can react with guanine to cause DNA damage. Natural inhibitors are being identified. However, the modes of action are poorly understood. In the current study, we have investigated the mode of action of AFB1 with CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2A13 using molecular dynamic simulation (MD simulation) approaches. The interaction network and paths among CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP2A13 have been investigated using the STRING database and PathLinker plugin of Cytoscape. CYP3A4 is the most active protein involved in interactions with AFB1 during its metabolism. Residues 362ARG, 445SER, 450LEU and 451PHE of CYP1A2 are important, interacting with AFB1 and converting it to toxic exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBEX). The pathway shows that microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1) may acts as initiator in the signalling pathway where CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2A13 interact in a sequential order. The interaction network shows there to be a strong association in expression among CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2A13 along with other metabolising enzymes. The complex of AFB1 and CYP1A2 was found to be stable during the MD simulation. This study provides a better understanding of the mode of action between AFB1 and CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2A13 which relates to the effective management of AFB1 toxicity. EPHX1 in the protein network may be an ideal target when designing inhibitors to prevent the toxin’s activation. Peptide inhibitors may be designed to block the substrate site residues of CYP1A2 in order to prevent the conversion from AFB1 into AFBEX. This would either neutralise or reduce its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Tahir Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore-Pakistan, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China P.R
| | - M. Irfan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7011, USA
| | - H. Ahsan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S. Ali
- Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Provincial Tuberculosis Reference Lab, Hayatabad Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - A. Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore-Pakistan, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A.A. Pech-Cervantes
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, 9000 Watson Blvd, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
| | - Z. Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China P.R
| | - Y.J. Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China P.R
| | - D.Q. Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China P.R
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China P.R
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Abstract
This review provides epidemiological and translational evidence for milk and dairy intake as critical risk factors in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Large epidemiological studies in the United States and Europe identified total dairy, milk and butter intake with the exception of yogurt as independent risk factors of HCC. Enhanced activity of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a hallmark of HCC promoted by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). mTORC1 is also activated by milk protein-induced synthesis of hepatic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), abundant constituents of milk proteins. Over the last decades, annual milk protein-derived BCAA intake increased 3 to 5 times in Western countries. In synergy with HBV- and HCV-induced secretion of hepatocyte-derived exosomes enriched in microRNA-21 (miR-21) and miR-155, exosomes of pasteurized milk as well deliver these oncogenic miRs to the human liver. Thus, milk exosomes operate in a comparable fashion to HBV- or HCV- induced exosomes. Milk-derived miRs synergistically enhance IGF-1-AKT-mTORC1 signaling and promote mTORC1-dependent translation, a meaningful mechanism during the postnatal growth phase, but a long-term adverse effect promoting the development of HCC. Both, dietary BCAA abundance combined with oncogenic milk exosome exposure persistently overstimulate hepatic mTORC1. Chronic alcohol consumption as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), two HCC-related conditions, increase BCAA plasma levels. In HCC, mTORC1 is further hyperactivated due to RAB1 mutations as well as impaired hepatic BCAA catabolism, a metabolic hallmark of T2DM. The potential HCC-preventive effect of yogurt may be caused by lactobacilli-mediated degradation of BCAAs, inhibition of branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase via production of intestinal medium-chain fatty acids as well as degradation of milk exosomes including their oncogenic miRs. A restriction of total animal protein intake realized by a vegetable-based diet is recommended for the prevention of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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Benito N, Magnoli K, Carranza CS, Aluffi ME, Magnoli CE, Barberis CL. Influence of a glyphosate-based herbicide on growth parameters and aflatoxin B 1 production by Aspergillus section Flavi on maize grains. Rev Argent Microbiol 2021; 53:162-170. [PMID: 33239238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are the main pesticides applied worldwide on maize production. Glyphosate-resistant weeds led to the repeated application of high doses of the pesticide. In addition to environmental conditions, the presence of GBH affects the development of Aspergillus species and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production under in vitro conditions. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of a commercial GBH on growth and AFB1 production by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus strains under different water activity (aW) conditions. The following concentrations of active ingredient glyphosate were evaluated: 20, 50, 200 and 500mM. The lag phase prior to growth and growth rate did not change at 20 and 50mM (that is, at field recommended doses) at 0.98 and 0.95 aW; however, at increasing GBH concentrations, between 200 and 500mM, the growth rate decreased at all aW conditions. In general, as the GBH concentration increased, AFB1 production decreased. However, a significant increase in toxin accumulation was found only at one of the aW conditions (0.95) at 21 days with 50mM of GBH in A. flavus and 20 and 50mM of GBH in A. parasiticus. These results show that, even though Aspergillus section Flavi growth did not increase, AFB1 production increased on maize grains at GBH concentrations similar to those of field recommended doses under favorable water availability and temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Benito
- Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N° 36 Km 601 (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Fellowship of CONICET, Argentina
| | - Karen Magnoli
- Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N° 36 Km 601 (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Fellowship of CONICET, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Soledad Carranza
- Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N° 36 Km 601 (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Fellowship of CONICET, Argentina
| | - Melisa Eglé Aluffi
- Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N° 36 Km 601 (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Fellowship of CONICET, Argentina
| | - Carina Elizabeth Magnoli
- Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N° 36 Km 601 (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Member of the Research Career of CONICET, Argentina
| | - Carla Lorena Barberis
- Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N° 36 Km 601 (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Member of the Research Career of CONICET, Argentina.
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Leone V, Ali A, Weber A, Tschaharganeh DF, Heikenwalder M. Liver Inflammation and Hepatobiliary Cancers. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:606-623. [PMID: 33674229 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune regulation has an important role in cancer development, particularly in organs with continuous exposure to environmental pathogens, such as the liver and gastrointestinal tract. Chronic liver inflammation can lead to the development of hepatobiliary cancers, namely hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), or combined HCC (cHCC)-CCA. In this review, we discuss the link between oxidative stress and the hepatic immune compartments, as well as how these factors trigger hepatocyte damage, proliferation, and eventually cancer initiation and its sustainment. We further give an overview of new anticancer therapies based on immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Leone
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adnan Ali
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular Cancer Research (IMCR), University Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Darjus Felix Tschaharganeh
- Helmholtz-University Group Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodeling, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Institute of Pathology University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Abstract
Aflatoxins are endemic in Kenya. The 2004 outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis in the country was one of the unprecedented epidemics of human aflatoxin poisoning recorded in mycotoxin history. In this study, an elaborate review was performed to synthesize Kenya’s major findings in relation to aflatoxins, their prevalence, detection, quantification, exposure assessment, prevention, and management in various matrices. Data retrieved indicate that the toxins are primarily biosynthesized by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, with the eastern part of the country reportedly more aflatoxin-prone. Aflatoxins have been reported in maize and maize products (Busaa, chan’gaa, githeri, irio, muthokoi, uji, and ugali), peanuts and its products, rice, cassava, sorghum, millet, yams, beers, dried fish, animal feeds, dairy and herbal products, and sometimes in tandem with other mycotoxins. The highest total aflatoxin concentration of 58,000 μg/kg has been reported in maize. At least 500 acute human illnesses and 200 deaths due to aflatoxins have been reported. The causes and prevalence of aflatoxins have been grossly ascribed to poor agronomic practices, low education levels, and inadequate statutory regulation and sensitization. Low diet diversity has aggravated exposure to aflatoxins in Kenya because maize as a dietetic staple is aflatoxin-prone. Detection and surveillance are only barely adequate, though some exposure assessments have been conducted. There is a need to widen diet diversity as a measure of reducing exposure due to consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated foods.
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Moore GG. Practical considerations will ensure the continued success of pre-harvest biocontrol using non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4208-4225. [PMID: 33506687 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1873731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is an important reason for the accelerated use of non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus to mitigate pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination… it effectively addresses the imperative need for safer food and feed. Now that we have decades of proof of the effectiveness of A. flavus as biocontrol, it is time to improve several aspects of this strategy. If we are to continue relying heavily on this form of aflatoxin mitigation, there are considerations we must acknowledge, and actions we must take, to ensure that we are best wielding this strategy to our advantage. These include its: (1) potential to produce other mycotoxins, (2) persistence in the field in light of several ecological factors, (3) its reproductive and genetic stability, (4) the mechanism(s) employed that allow it to elicit control over aflatoxigenic strains and species of agricultural importance and (5) supplemental alternatives that increase its effectiveness. There is a need to be consistent, practical and thoughtful when it comes to implementing this method of mycotoxin mitigation since these fungi are living organisms that have been adapting, evolving and surviving on this planet for tens-of-millions of years. This document will serve as a critical review of the literature regarding pre-harvest A. flavus biocontrol and will discuss opportunities for improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geromy G Moore
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans, USA
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43
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Amponsah-Dacosta E, Tchuem CT, Anderson M. Chronic hepatitis B-associated liver disease in the context of human immunodeficiency virus co-infection and underlying metabolic syndrome. World J Virol 2020; 9:54-66. [PMID: 33362998 PMCID: PMC7747023 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v9.i5.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, a shift in the epidemiology of chronic liver disease has been observed. This has been mainly driven by a marked decline in the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB), with the greatest burden restricted to the Western Pacific and sub-Saharan African regions. Amidst this is a growing burden of metabolic syndrome (MetS) worldwide. A disproportionate co-burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is also reported in sub-Saharan Africa, which poses a further risk of liver-related morbidity and mortality in the region. We reviewed the existing evidence base to improve current understanding of the effect of underlying MetS on the development and progression of chronic liver disease during CHB and HIV co-infection. While the mechanistic association between CHB and MetS remains poorly resolved, the evidence suggests that MetS may have an additive effect on the liver damage caused by CHB. Among HIV infected individuals, MetS-associated liver disease is emerging as an important cause of non-AIDS related morbidity and mortality despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). It is plausible that underlying MetS may lead to adverse outcomes among those with concomitant CHB and HIV co-infection. However, this remains to be explored through rigorous longitudinal studies, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Ultimately, there is a need for a comprehensive package of care that integrates ART programs with routine screening for MetS and promotion of lifestyle modification to ensure an improved quality of life among CHB and HIV co-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Amponsah-Dacosta
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Cynthia Tamandjou Tchuem
- Health Economics Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, Western Cape, South Africa
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Post-Flood Impacts on Occurrence and Distribution of Mycotoxin-Producing Aspergilli from the Sections Circumdati, Flavi, and Nigri in Indoor Environment. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040282. [PMID: 33198357 PMCID: PMC7711759 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin-producing Aspergilli (Circumdati, Flavi, and Nigri), usually associated with contaminated food, may also cause respiratory disorders and are insufficiently studied in water-damaged indoor environments. Airborne (N = 71) and dust borne (N = 76) Aspergilli collected at post-flood and control locations in Croatia resulted in eleven different species based on their calmodulin marker: A. ochraceus, A. ostianus, A. pallidofulvus, A. sclerotiorum, and A. westerdijkiae (Circumdati); A. flavus (Flavi); and A. tubingensis, A. welwitschiae, A. niger, A. piperis, and A. uvarum (Nigri). Most of the airborne (73%) and dust borne (54%) isolates were found at post-flood locations, and the highest concentrations measured in indoor air (5720 colony-forming units (CFU)/m3) and dust (2.5 × 105 CFU/g) were up to twenty times higher than in the control locations. A. flavus dominated among airborne isolates (25%) at the unrepaired locations, while 56% of the dust borne Aspergilli were identified as A. tubingensis and A. welwitschiae. The ability of identified isolates to produce mycotoxins aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2), and ochratoxin A were assessed by LC-MS analysis. All ochratoxin A (OTA)-producing Circumdati belonged to A. westerdijkiae (13.7 ± 15.81 µg/mL); in the section, FlaviA. flavus produced AFB1 (2.51 ± 5.31 µg/mL), while A. welwitschiae and A. niger (section Nigri) produced FB2 (6.76 ± 13.51 µg/mL and 11.24 ± 18.30 µg/mL, respectively). Water damage dominantly supported the occurrence of aflatoxigenic A. flavus in indoor environments. Yet unresolved, the causal relationship of exposure to indoor Aspergilli and adverse health effects may support the significance of this research.
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Valencia-Quintana R, Milić M, Jakšić D, Šegvić Klarić M, Tenorio-Arvide MG, Pérez-Flores GA, Bonassi S, Sánchez-Alarcón J. Environment Changes, Aflatoxins, and Health Issues, a Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7850. [PMID: 33120863 PMCID: PMC7672603 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Crops contaminated by aflatoxins (AFs), the toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins produced namely by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, have severe impacts on human health. Changes in temperature and water availability related to actual climate changes (increased temperature, heavy rainfalls, and droughts) are modulating factors of mould growth and production of mycotoxins. To protect human and animal health from the harmful effects caused by AFs, the development of a safe and effective multifaceted approach in combating food and feed contamination with AFs is necessary. This review aims to collect and analyze the available information regarding AF presence in food and feed to reinforce AF management and to prevent health issues related to the AF exposure in the light of actual climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Valencia-Quintana
- Facultad de Agrobiología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala 90120, Mexico; (R.V.-Q.); (G.A.P.-F.)
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Daniela Jakšić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.J.); (M.Š.K.)
| | - Maja Šegvić Klarić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.J.); (M.Š.K.)
| | | | | | - Stefano Bonassi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Juana Sánchez-Alarcón
- Facultad de Agrobiología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala 90120, Mexico; (R.V.-Q.); (G.A.P.-F.)
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Nabwire Wangia-Dixon R, Xue KS, Alcala J, Quach THT, Song X, Tang L, Ombaka J, Githanga DP, Anzala OA, Wang JS. Nutrition and growth outcomes are affected by aflatoxin exposures in Kenyan children. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:2123-2134. [PMID: 33026957 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1825825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin exposure, malnutrition and growth impairment in children present significant public health problems in low- and middle-income countries. Recent epidemiology studies show that exposure to aflatoxins through dietary sources in early life contributes to growth retardation among children. However, the findings remain inconclusive due to limited comparative studies in high versus low aflatoxin exposure regions. This cross-sectional study presents aflatoxin exposure levels among children aged 6 to 12 years, and further evaluates the association between aflatoxin exposure levels, malnutrition and growth impairment in Kenya, East Africa. AFB1-lysine adducts are validated biomarkers of exposure and were quantified using HPLC with fluorescence detection. All children (n = 746) had detectable levels of AFB1-lysine adducts in serum, range 0.65-518.9 pg/mg albumin with a geometric mean (GM) of 10.5 (95%CI 9.4-11.7) pg/mg albumin. The Geometric Means (GM) of AFB1-lysine adducts were 14.0 (95%CI 12.5, 15.7) pg/mg albumin and 8.2 (95%CI 7.6, 8.8) pg/mg albumin (p-value < 0.001), among children recruited from Makueni and Siaya Counties, respectively. While the study confirms higher human exposure levels in Makueni county, it provides an initial data set for aflatoxin exposure levels among children recruited from Siaya County. In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for socio-economic indicators, farming practices, and household dietary patterns, increasing one unit of log AFB1-lysine was associated with decreasing Weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) by -0.13, p-value = 0.019 among all children aged 6-12 years. Among children 6 to 9 years, WAZ decreases by -0.11 (-0.54, -0.01), p-value = 0.049. Additional growth parameters Height-for-age z-score (HAZ) and Weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) do not reach statistical significance. HAZ decreases by -0.08, p-value = 0.337 and WHZ decreases by -0.17, p-value = 0.437 with every increase in log AFB1-lysine. These data suggest that efforts must be put in place to control for aflatoxin exposure in order to achieve better growth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathy Siyu Xue
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica Alcala
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Trang Ho Thu Quach
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Lili Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - James Ombaka
- School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University , Maseno, Kenya
| | - David Peter Githanga
- Peadiatrics, Cardiology and Child Health, Nairobi Hospital , Nairobi, Kenya.,Medical Microbiology Department, University of Nairobi , Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Omu Aggrey Anzala
- Medical Microbiology Department, University of Nairobi , Nairobi, Kenya.,KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi , Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia, USA
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Shawon MAA, Yousuf MAK, Raheem E, Ahmed S, Dipti TT, Hoque MR, Taniguchi H, Karim MR. Epidemiology, clinical features, and impact of food habits on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: A case-control study in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232121. [PMID: 32339207 PMCID: PMC7185601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most predominant cause of HCC. Concerns arise for the presence of additional risk factors, as there is still a large proportion of patients without HBV or HCV infection. Previous studies have reported that higher intake of fruits and vegetables and reduced consumption of red/processed meat might play a protective role in HCC etiology, though the nationwide proof is limited. Hence, we studied multiple risk factors including food habit, lifestyle, and clinical implications of HCC patients in Bangladeshi. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data, as well as data on food habits, were collected in this study. Our results indicated that a high intake of rice (AOR 4.28, 95% CI 1.48 to 14.07, p = 0.011), low intake of fruits (AOR = 4.41 95% CI 1.48-15.46; p = 0.012), leafy vegetables (AOR = 2.80, 95% CI 1.32-6.08; p = 0.008), and fish (AOR = 4.64 95% CI 2.18-10.23; p<0.001) increased the HCC risk. Moreover, a high intake of eggs (AOR = 2.07 95% CI 0.98-4.43; p = 0.058) also showed an increased risk. Roti, non-leafy vegetables, red meat, and tea were found to have no association with HCC risk. This study revealed that food habit patterns and lifestyle may have a profound effect on HCC development among Bangladeshi patients in addition to well established risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Al-Amin Shawon
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M. Abul Khair Yousuf
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sium Ahmed
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tyeaba Tasnim Dipti
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Razuanul Hoque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Hiroaki Taniguchi
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - M. Rezaul Karim
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ráduly Z, Szabó L, Madar A, Pócsi I, Csernoch L. Toxicological and Medical Aspects of Aspergillus-Derived Mycotoxins Entering the Feed and Food Chain. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2908. [PMID: 31998250 PMCID: PMC6962185 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to Earth's changing climate, the ongoing and foreseeable spreading of mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species has increased the possibility of mycotoxin contamination in the feed and food production chain. These harmful mycotoxins have aroused serious health and economic problems since their first appearance. The most potent Aspergillus-derived mycotoxins include aflatoxins, ochratoxins, gliotoxin, fumonisins, sterigmatocystin, and patulin. Some of them can be found in dairy products, mainly in milk and cheese, as well as in fresh and especially in dried fruits and vegetables, in nut products, typically in groundnuts, in oil seeds, in coffee beans, in different grain products, like rice, wheat, barley, rye, and frequently in maize and, furthermore, even in the liver of livestock fed by mycotoxin-contaminated forage. Though the mycotoxins present in the feed and food chain are well documented, the human physiological effects of mycotoxin exposure are not yet fully understood. It is known that mycotoxins have nephrotoxic, genotoxic, teratogenic, carcinogenic, and cytotoxic properties and, as a consequence, these toxins may cause liver carcinomas, renal dysfunctions, and also immunosuppressed states. The deleterious physiological effects of mycotoxins on humans are still a first-priority question. In food production and also in the case of acute and chronic poisoning, there are possibilities to set suitable food safety measures into operation to minimize the effects of mycotoxin contaminations. On the other hand, preventive actions are always better, due to the multivariate nature of mycotoxin exposures. In this review, the occurrence and toxicological features of major Aspergillus-derived mycotoxins are summarized and, furthermore, the possibilities of treatments in the medical practice to heal the deleterious consequences of acute and/or chronic exposures are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Ráduly
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Szabó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anett Madar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Csernoch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Gong Y, Dong F, Geng Y, Zhuang H, Ma Z, Zhou Z, Huang B, Sun Z, Hou B. Selenium concentration, dietary intake and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma - A systematic review with meta-analysis. NUTR HOSP 2019; 36:1430-1437. [PMID: 31718210 DOI: 10.20960/nh.02776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: this study was performed to investigate the association between selenium concentrations, dietary intake, and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: we identified eligible studies in PubMed and EMBASE databases, in addition to the reference lists of original studies and review articles on this topic, up to 1 Feb 2019. A summary of standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochran Q and I2 statistics. Results: finally, a meta-analysis showed that dietary intake of selenium and tissue selenium concentration were not associated with HCC risk (dietary SMD = -0.11, 95% CI: -0.26 to 0.03; tissue SMD = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.56 to 0.33). However, samples from toenail, whole blood, and serum all showed an inverse association with HCC risk (toenail SMD = -0.53, 95% CI: -0.72 to -0.35; whole blood SMD = -2.21, 95% CI: -2.67 to -1.76; tissue SMD = -1.26, 95% CI: -1.71 to -0.81). Dose-response data from few studies showed that an extra increase in serum selenium was dramatically related with a lower risk of HCC (adjusted p-trend < 0.05). This study showed that selenium concentration in toenail, whole blood and serum was inversely associated with HCC risk. Conclusion: increased concentration in serum selenium was related to a lower risk of HCC. However, these results based on dietary intake and tissue samples, which included few studies, did not reach statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Peoples's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Fengying Dong
- the Forth Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | | | - Zuyi Ma
- Shantou University Medical College
| | - Zixuan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Peoples's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Bowen Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Peoples's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Zhonghai Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Peoples's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Baohua Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Peoples's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
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50
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Ranjbar R, Roayaei Ardakani M, Mehrabi Kushki M, kazeminezhad I. Identification of Toxigenic Aspergillus Species from Rice of Khuzestan and Mycotoxins in Imported Cereals. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.30699/ijmm.13.5.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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