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Subedi L, Gaire BP, Koronyo Y, Koronyo-Hamaoui M, Crother TR. Chlamydia pneumoniae in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1393293. [PMID: 38770241 PMCID: PMC11102982 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1393293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
While recent advances in diagnostics and therapeutics offer promising new approaches for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis and treatment, there is still an unmet need for an effective remedy, suggesting new avenues of research are required. Besides many plausible etiologies for AD pathogenesis, mounting evidence supports a possible role for microbial infections. Various microbes have been identified in the postmortem brain tissues of human AD patients. Among bacterial pathogens in AD, Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) has been well characterized in human AD brains and is a leading candidate for an infectious involvement. However, no definitive studies have been performed proving or disproving Cp's role as a causative or accelerating agent in AD pathology and cognitive decline. In this review, we discuss recent updates for the role of Cp in human AD brains as well as experimental models of AD. Furthermore, based on the current literature, we have compiled a list of potential mechanistic pathways which may connect Cp with AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Subedi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Guerin Children's at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bhakta Prasad Gaire
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yosef Koronyo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Timothy R. Crother
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Guerin Children's at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Manshouri S, Seif F, Kamali M, Bahar MA, Mashayekh A, Molatefi R. The interaction of inflammasomes and gut microbiota: novel therapeutic insights. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:209. [PMID: 38566180 PMCID: PMC10986108 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are complex platforms for the cleavage and release of inactivated IL-1β and IL-18 cytokines that trigger inflammatory responses against damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining gut homeostasis. Inflammasome activation needs to be tightly regulated to limit aberrant activation and bystander damage to the host cells. Several types of inflammasomes, including Node-like receptor protein family (e.g., NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRP6, NLRP12, NLRC4), PYHIN family, and pyrin inflammasomes, interact with gut microbiota to maintain gut homeostasis. This review discusses the current understanding of how inflammasomes and microbiota interact, and how this interaction impacts human health. Additionally, we introduce novel biologics and antagonists, such as inhibitors of IL-1β and inflammasomes, as therapeutic strategies for treating gastrointestinal disorders when inflammasomes are dysregulated or the composition of gut microbiota changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Manshouri
- Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Valiasr St, Niayesh Intersection, Tehran, 1995614331, Iran
| | - Farhad Seif
- Department of Photodynamic Therapy, Medical Laser Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Kamali
- Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Valiasr St, Niayesh Intersection, Tehran, 1995614331, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Bahar
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arshideh Mashayekh
- Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Valiasr St, Niayesh Intersection, Tehran, 1995614331, Iran.
| | - Rasol Molatefi
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
- Pediatric Department of Bou Ali Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 56189-85991, Iran.
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Al Mamun A, Shao C, Geng P, Wang S, Xiao J. The Mechanism of Pyroptosis and Its Application Prospect in Diabetic Wound Healing. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1481-1501. [PMID: 38463193 PMCID: PMC10924950 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s448693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis defines a form of pro-inflammatory-dependent programmed cell death triggered by gasdermin proteins, which creates cytoplasmic pores and promotes the activation and accumulation of immune cells by releasing several pro-inflammatory mediators and immunogenic substances upon cell rupture. Pyroptosis comprises canonical (mediated by Caspase-1) and non-canonical (mediated by Caspase-4/5/11) molecular signaling pathways. Numerous studies have explored the contributory roles of inflammasome and pyroptosis in the progression of multiple pathological conditions such as tumors, nerve injury, inflammatory diseases and metabolic disorders. Accumulating evidence indicates that the activation of the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome results in the activation of pyroptosis and inflammation. Current evidence suggests that pyroptosis-dependent cell death plays a progressive role in the development of diabetic complications including diabetic wound healing (DWH) and diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). This review presents a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying pyroptosis and addresses the current research on pyroptosis-dependent signaling pathways in the context of DWH. In this review, we also present some prospective therapeutic compounds/agents that can target pyroptotic signaling pathways, which may serve as new strategies for the effective treatment and management of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Central Laboratory of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui City, Zhejiang, 323000, People's Republic of China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Central Laboratory of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui City, Zhejiang, 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- Central Laboratory of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui City, Zhejiang, 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Central Laboratory of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui City, Zhejiang, 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Wound Healing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
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Riffaud CM, Rucks EA, Ouellette SP. Persistence of obligate intracellular pathogens: alternative strategies to overcome host-specific stresses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1185571. [PMID: 37284502 PMCID: PMC10239878 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1185571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In adapting to the intracellular niche, obligate intracellular bacteria usually undergo a reduction of genome size by eliminating genes not needed for intracellular survival. These losses can include, for example, genes involved in nutrient anabolic pathways or in stress response. Living inside a host cell offers a stable environment where intracellular bacteria can limit their exposure to extracellular effectors of the immune system and modulate or outright inhibit intracellular defense mechanisms. However, highlighting an area of vulnerability, these pathogens are dependent on the host cell for nutrients and are very sensitive to conditions that limit nutrient availability. Persistence is a common response shared by evolutionarily divergent bacteria to survive adverse conditions like nutrient deprivation. Development of persistence usually compromises successful antibiotic therapy of bacterial infections and is associated with chronic infections and long-term sequelae for the patients. During persistence, obligate intracellular pathogens are viable but not growing inside their host cell. They can survive for a long period of time such that, when the inducing stress is removed, reactivation of their growth cycles resumes. Given their reduced coding capacity, intracellular bacteria have adapted different response mechanisms. This review gives an overview of the strategies used by the obligate intracellular bacteria, where known, which, unlike model organisms such as E. coli, often lack toxin-antitoxin systems and the stringent response that have been linked to a persister phenotype and amino acid starvation states, respectively.
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Dai Y, Lv Z, You M, Sun L, Li C. PPARα alleviates inflammation via inhibiting NF-κB/Rel pathway in Vibrio splendidus challenged Apostichopus japonicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108701. [PMID: 36948368 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organisms trigger pro-inflammatory responses to resist the invasion of foreign pathogens in the early infection stage. However, excessive or chronic inflammation can also cause several diseases. We previously validated IL-17 from sea cucumbers mediated inflammatory response by the IL-17R-TRAF6 axis. But the anti-inflammatory effect was largely unknown in the species. In this study, the conserved PPARα gene was obtained from Apostichopus japonicus by RNA-seq and RACE approaches. The expression of AjPPARα was found to be significantly induced at the late stage of infection not only in Vibrio splendidus-challenged sea cucumbers, but also in LPS-exposed coelomocytes, which was negative correlation to that of AjIL-17 and AjNLRP3. Both silencing AjPPARα by specific siRNA and treatment with AjPAPRα inhibitor MK-886 could significantly upregulate the transcriptional levels of pro-inflammatory factors the AjIL-17 and AjNLRP3. The infiltration of inflammatory cells and tissues damage were also detected in the body walls in the same condition. In contrast, AjPAPRα agonist of WY14643 treatment could alleviate the V. splendidus-induced tissue injury. To further explore the molecular mechanism of AjPPARα-mediated anti-inflammatory in A. japonicus, the expression of the transcriptional factors of AjStat5 and AjRel (subunit of NF-κB) were investigated under AjPPARα aberrant expression conditions and found that AjRel exhibited a negative regulatory relationship to AjPPARα. Furthermore, silencing AjRel was led to down-regulation of AjIL-17 and AjNLRP3. Taken together, our results supported that AjPPARα exerted anti-inflammatory effects through inhibiting AjRel in response to V. splendidus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Zhimeng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Meixiang You
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Lianlian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Chenghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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Shan C, Xiong Y, Miao F, Liu T, Akhtar RW, Shah SAH, Gao H, Zhu E, Cheng Z. Hydroxytyrosol mitigates Mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced pulmonary injury through downregulation of the NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway in chicken. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102582. [PMID: 36940652 PMCID: PMC10033309 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of hydroxytyrosol (HT) in Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG)-infected chicken were investigated, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were explored. The results revealed severe ultrastructural pathological changes after MG infection in the lung tissue of chicken, including inflammatory cell infiltration, thickening of the lung chamber wall, visible cell swelling, mitochondrial cristae rupture, and ribosome shedding. MG possibly activated the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin (IL)-1β signaling pathway in the lung. However, HT treatment significantly ameliorated MG-induced pathological damage of the lung. HT reduced the magnitude of pulmonary injury after MG infection by reducing apoptosis and releasing the proinflammatory factors. Compared with the MG-infected group, the HT-treated group exhibited significant inhibition of the expression of NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β signaling-pathway-related genes; for example, the expressions of NF-κB, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α significantly decreased (P < 0.01 or <0.05). In conclusion, HT effectively inhibited MG-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis and protected the lung by blocking the activation of NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway and reducing the damage caused by MG infection in chicken. This study revealed that HT may be a suitable and effective anti-inflammatory drug against MG infection in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Shan
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, PR China
| | - Yanling Xiong
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, PR China
| | - Fujun Miao
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650204, PR China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, PR China
| | - Rana Waseem Akhtar
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Syed Aftab Hussain Shah
- Pakistan Scientific & Technological Information Center, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Hong Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Erpeng Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, PR China
| | - Zhentao Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, PR China.
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Infection and Immunity. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Banerjee SK, Chatterjee A, Gupta S, Nagar A. Activation and Regulation of NLRP3 by Sterile and Infectious Insults. Front Immunol 2022; 13:896353. [PMID: 35663964 PMCID: PMC9161712 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.896353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nod-Like Receptor (NLR) is the largest family of Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRRs) that patrols the cytosolic environment. NLR engagement drives caspase-1 activation that cleaves pro-IL-1B which then gets secreted. Released IL-1B recruits immune cells to the site of infection/injury. Caspase-1 also cleaves Gasdermin-D (GSDM-D) that forms pores within the plasma membrane driving inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis. NLRP3 is the most extensively studied NLR. The NLRP3 gene is encoded by 9 exons, where exon 1 codes for pyrin domain, exon 3 codes for NACHT domain, and Leucine Rich Repeat (LRR) domain is coded by exon 4-9. Exon 2 codes for a highly disorganized loop that connects the rest of the protein to the pyrin domain and may be involved in NLRP3 regulation. The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by many structurally divergent agonists of microbial, environmental, and host origin. Activated NLRP3 interacts with an adaptor protein, ASC, that bridges it to pro-Caspase-1 forming a multi-protein complex called inflammasome. Dysregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activity is a hallmark of pathogenesis in several human diseases, indicating its highly significant clinical relevance. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge about the mechanism of activation of NLRP3 and its regulation during activation by infectious and sterile triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijon K. Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ayan Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shamba Gupta
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Abhinit Nagar
- Flow Cytometry, Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Abhinit Nagar,
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Mi J, Xie C, Zeng L, Zhu Z, Chen N, He Q, Xu X, Xie H, Zhou J, Li L, Liao J. Bacillus subtilis WB800N alleviates diabetic wounds in mice by regulating gut microbiota homeostasis and TLR2. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:436-447. [PMID: 35332963 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis WB800N on diabetic wounds. METHODS Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe the healing of skin wounds. Collagen deposition was assessed by Masson staining. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to detect vascular endothelial-related factors (VWF), CD31, TLR2, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 expression. 16S rDNA sequencing detected microbiota distribution. The concentrations of IL-1β and IL-37 were measured by ELISA. Apoptosis was measured by the TUNEL assay. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the wound healing was delayed in diabetic mice. The wound area in the Bacillus subtilis group decreased more significantly than the diabetic wounds group. H&E staining showed that Bacillus subtilis WB800N promoted wound healing and increased re-epithelialization. Masson staining showed that Bacillus subtilis WB800N increased collagen deposition in diabetic wounds mice. Bacillus subtilis WB800N upregulated VWF and CD31 protein expression in diabetic wounds mice. The 16S rDNA results showed that Bacillus subtilis WB800N reduced the diversity of the gut microbiota of diabetic wounds mice and regulated the microbial composition. At the genus level, Bacillus subtilis WB800N reduced the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae and CG-005 in diabetic wounds mice, while increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. Bacillus subtilis WB800N increased the expression of TLR2, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1. Bacillus subtilis WB800N increased the concentrations of IL-1β and IL-37 in serum. Bacillus subtilis WB800N upregulated cell apoptosis. The TLR2 antagonist Sparstolonin B (SsnB) reduced the expression of TLR2, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-37 and the apoptosis in diabetic wounds mice, while the combined intervention of Bacillus subtilis and SsnB reversed the effect of SsnB treatment alone. CONCLUSION Bacillus subtilis WB800N alleviated diabetic wounds healing by regulating gut microbiota homeostasis and TLR2. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF RESEARCH Our findings might provide potential therapeutic targets for diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Mi
- Hospital-Acquired Infection Control Department, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Cong Xie
- Departments of Medical Cosmetology, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Departments of Medical Cosmetology, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ziwen Zhu
- Departments of Medical Cosmetology, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Nian Chen
- Departments of Medical Cosmetology, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qianzhen He
- Departments of Medical Cosmetology, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangping Xu
- Departments of Medical Cosmetology, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hongju Xie
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Li
- Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Junlin Liao
- Departments of Medical Cosmetology, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Center of Medical Cosmetology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Wei Y, Yang L, Pandeya A, Cui J, Zhang Y, Li Z. Pyroptosis-Induced Inflammation and Tissue Damage. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167301. [PMID: 34653436 PMCID: PMC8844146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell deaths are pathways involving cells playing an active role in their own destruction. Depending on the signaling system of the process, programmed cell death can be divided into two categories, pro-inflammatory and non-inflammatory. Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death. Upon cell death, a plethora of cytokines are released and trigger a cascade of responses from the neighboring cells. The pyroptosis process is a double-edged sword, could be both beneficial and detrimental in various inflammatory disorders and disease conditions. A physiological outcome of these responses is tissue damage, and sometimes death of the host. In this review, we focus on the inflammatory response triggered by pyroptosis, and resulting tissue damage in selected organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ankit Pandeya
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou,China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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11
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Ling H, Luo L, Dai X, Chen H. Fallopian tubal infertility: the result of Chlamydia trachomatis-induced fallopian tubal fibrosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 477:205-212. [PMID: 34652537 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases, and its incidence in genital tract infections is now 4.7% in south China. Infertility is the end result of C. trachomatis-induced fallopian tubal fibrosis and is receiving intense attention from scientists worldwide. To reduce the incidence of infertility, it is important to understand the pathology-related changes of the genital tract where C. trachomatis infection is significant, especially the mechanism of fibrosis formation. During fibrosis development, the fallopian tube becomes sticky and occluded, which will eventually lead to tubal infertility. At present, the mechanism of fallopian tubal fibrosis induced by C. trachomatis infection is unclear. Our study attempted to summarize the possible mechanisms of fibrosis caused by C. trachomatis infection in the fallopian tube by reviewing published studies and further providing potential therapeutic targets to reduce the occurrence of infertility. This study also provides ideas for future research. Factors leading to fallopian tube fibrosis include inflammatory factors, miRNA, ECT, cHSP, and host factors. We hypothesized that C. trachomatis mediates the transcription and translation of EMT and ECM via upregulating TGF signaling pathway, which leads to the formation of fallopian tube fibrosis and ultimately to tubal infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ling
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Chenzhou, 423000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lipei Luo
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Chenzhou, 423000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingui Dai
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Chenzhou, 423000, People's Republic of China.
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, 423000, People's Republic of China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongliang Chen
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Chenzhou, 423000, People's Republic of China.
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, 423000, People's Republic of China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, People's Republic of China.
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Noronha BP, Mambrini JVDM, Torres KCL, Martins-Filho OA, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Lima-Costa MF, Peixoto SV. Chlamydia pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori infections and immunological profile of community-dwelling older adults. Exp Gerontol 2021; 156:111589. [PMID: 34637947 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic bacterial infections are associated with changes in the immunosenescence process and immunological biomarkers can assist in monitoring these changes. The identification of this immunological profile is important because Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections are important factors of morbidity and mortality among the older adults. This study aimed to identify changes in the immunological profile in the presence of C. pneumoniae and H. pylori infections among community-dwelling older adults. This is a cross-sectional study that used data from 1432 participants from the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) for C. pneumoniae and H. pylori was considered a dependent variable and assessed in the participants' serum using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In assessing the immunological profile, the following inflammatory markers were considered: CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL5, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF, and CRP. Associations were assessed by logistic regression, estimating odds ratios and confidence intervals (95%) using the Stata® V.13.1 software. The seroprevalence of anti-C. pneumoniae and anti-H. pylori antibodies was 55.9% and 70.3%, respectively. While high levels of anti-C. pneumoniae antibodies were associated with higher concentrations of CXCL10 and IL-10, higher levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were inversely associated with the titration of anti-H. pylori antibodies. The results characterize immunological profiles associated with these chronic infections and reinforce the potential effects of biomarkers on infections by these bacteria and on the immunosenescence process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Prado Noronha
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Minas, Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Vaz de Melo Mambrini
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Minas, Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Karen Cecília Lima Torres
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Minas, Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, UNIFENAS, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Minas, Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Minas, Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Minas, Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Viana Peixoto
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Minas, Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Gestão em Saúde, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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13
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Khaleel EF. l-Thyroxine induces left ventricular remodeling and fibrosis in rats by upregulating miR-21 in a reactive oxygen-dependent mechanism: a protective role of N-acetylcysteine. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2758-2768. [PMID: 34641738 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1986251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
miR-21 is the most studied pro-fibrotic marker in the majority of mammalian tissues. The precise mechanism by which hyperthyroidism induces left ventricular LV fibrosis and remodeling remains unclear. In this study, we have investigated the role of miR-21 on l-thyroxine (l-Thy)-induced cardiac fibrosis in rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups as control, l-Thy, l-Thy + miR antagomir (inhibitor), and l-Thy + N-acetylcysteine (NAC/glutathione (GSH) precursor). Administration of l-Thy significantly increased mRNA levels of miR-21 in the LVs of the treated rats. Also, it impaired the LV systolic and diastolic function and increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the transactivation of NF-κB p65, the expression of NRLP3 inflammasome, and levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in these LVs. Concomitantly, l-Thy increased the ventricular collagen deposition, and stimulated the expression of collagen 1/3, alpha-smooth actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β1, and Smad3/p-Smad3 but suppressed the expression of Smad7. All these effects were reversed by pre-treatment with miR-21 antagomir or co-administration of NAC. In conclusion, l-Thy-induced LV remodeling and fibrosis include a ROS-dependent upregulation of miR-21 which in turns activates NF-κB/NRLP3 inflammasome and suppresses SMad7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman F Khaleel
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Mihajlovic M, Krebber MM, Yang Y, Ahmed S, Lozovanu V, Andreeva D, Verhaar MC, Masereeuw R. Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins Induce Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent and Inflammasome-Mediated IL-1β Production in Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101326. [PMID: 34680443 PMCID: PMC8533138 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein bound-uremic toxins (PBUTs) are not efficiently removed by hemodialysis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and their accumulation leads to various co-morbidities via cellular dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, it has been shown that increased intrarenal expression of the NLRP3 receptor and IL-1β are associated with reduced kidney function, suggesting a critical role for the NLRP3 inflammasome in CKD progression. Here, we evaluated the effect of PBUTs on inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production in vitro and in vivo. Exposure of human conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells to indoxyl sulfate (IS) and a mixture of anionic PBUTs (UT mix) increased expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β, accompanied by a significant increase in IL-1β secretion and caspase-1 activity. Furthermore, IS and UT mix induced the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and caspase-1 activity and IL-1β secretion were reduced in the presence of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. IS and UT mix also induced NF-κB activation as evidenced by p65 nuclear translocation and IL-1β production, which was counteracted by an IKK inhibitor. In vivo, using subtotal nephrectomy CKD rats, a significant increase in total plasma levels of IS and the PBUTs, kynurenic acid and hippuric acid, was found, as well as enhanced urinary malondialdehyde levels. CKD kidney tissue showed an increasing trend in expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components, and a decreasing trend in superoxide dismutase-1 levels. In conclusion, we showed that PBUTs induce inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production in proximal tubule cells via oxidative stress and NF-κB signaling, suggesting their involvement in disease-associated inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Mihajlovic
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.); (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (V.L.); (D.A.)
| | - Merle M. Krebber
- Department Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.K.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Yi Yang
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.); (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (V.L.); (D.A.)
| | - Sabbir Ahmed
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.); (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (V.L.); (D.A.)
| | - Valeria Lozovanu
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.); (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (V.L.); (D.A.)
| | - Daria Andreeva
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.); (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (V.L.); (D.A.)
| | - Marianne C. Verhaar
- Department Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.K.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.); (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (V.L.); (D.A.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Sixt BS. Host cell death during infection with Chlamydia: a double-edged sword. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:5902849. [PMID: 32897321 PMCID: PMC7794043 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylum Chlamydiae constitutes a group of obligate intracellular bacteria that infect a remarkably diverse range of host species. Some representatives are significant pathogens of clinical or veterinary importance. For instance, Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading infectious cause of blindness and the most common bacterial agent of sexually transmitted diseases. Chlamydiae are exceptionally dependent on their eukaryotic host cells as a consequence of their developmental biology. At the same time, host cell death is an integral part of the chlamydial infection cycle. It is therefore not surprising that the bacteria have evolved exquisite and versatile strategies to modulate host cell survival and death programs to their advantage. The recent introduction of tools for genetic modification of Chlamydia spp., in combination with our increasing awareness of the complexity of regulated cell death in eukaryotic cells, and in particular of its connections to cell-intrinsic immunity, has revived the interest in this virulence trait. However, recent advances also challenged long-standing assumptions and highlighted major knowledge gaps. This review summarizes current knowledge in the field and discusses possible directions for future research, which could lead us to a deeper understanding of Chlamydia's virulence strategies and may even inspire novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara S Sixt
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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16
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Sepehrinezhad A, Gorji A, Sahab Negah S. SARS-CoV-2 may trigger inflammasome and pyroptosis in the central nervous system: a mechanistic view of neurotropism. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1049-1059. [PMID: 34241783 PMCID: PMC8266993 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can enter the central nervous system and cause several neurological manifestations. Data from cerebrospinal fluid analyses and postmortem samples have been shown that SARS-CoV-2 has neuroinvasive properties. Therefore, ongoing studies have focused on mechanisms involved in neurotropism and neural injuries of SARS-CoV-2. The inflammasome is a part of the innate immune system that is responsible for the secretion and activation of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-18. Since cytokine storm has been known as a major mechanism followed by SARS-CoV-2, inflammasome may trigger an inflammatory form of lytic programmed cell death (pyroptosis) following SARS-CoV-2 infection and contribute to associated neurological complications. We reviewed and discussed the possible role of inflammasome and its consequence pyroptosis following coronavirus infections as potential mechanisms of neurotropism by SARS-CoV-2. Further studies, particularly postmortem analysis of brain samples obtained from COVID-19 patients, can shed light on the possible role of the inflammasome in neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sepehrinezhad
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Sajad Sahab Negah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics, Iranian Chapter, SBMT, Los Angeles, USA.
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17
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Zhang WJ, Chen SJ, Zhou SC, Wu SZ, Wang H. Inflammasomes and Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643149. [PMID: 34177893 PMCID: PMC8226128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the final common pathway of inflammatory diseases in various organs. The inflammasomes play an important role in the progression of fibrosis as innate immune receptors. There are four main members of the inflammasomes, such as NOD-like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), NOD-like receptor C4 (NLRC4), and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), among which NLRP3 inflammasome is the most studied. NLRP3 inflammasome is typically composed of NLRP3, ASC and pro-caspase-1. The activation of inflammasome involves both "classical" and "non-classical" pathways and the former pathway is better understood. The "classical" activation pathway of inflammasome is that the backbone protein is activated by endogenous/exogenous stimulation, leading to inflammasome assembly. After the formation of "classic" inflammasome, pro-caspase-1 could self-activate. Caspase-1 cleaves cytokine precursors into mature cytokines, which are secreted extracellularly. At present, the "non-classical" activation pathway of inflammasome has not formed a unified model for activation process. This article reviews the role of NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2 inflammasome, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-33 in the fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shu-Juan Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shun-Chang Zhou
- Department of Experimental Animals, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Su-Zhen Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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18
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Xiang W, Yu N, Lei A, Li X, Tan S, Huang L, Zhou Z. Insights Into Host Cell Cytokines in Chlamydia Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639834. [PMID: 34093528 PMCID: PMC8176227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydial infection causes a number of clinically relevant diseases and induces significant morbidity in humans. Immune and inflammatory responses contribute to both the clearance of Chlamydia infection and pathology in host tissues. Chlamydia infection stimulates host cells to produce a large number of cytokines that trigger and regulate host immune responses against Chlamydia. However, inappropriate responses can occur with excessive production of cytokines, resulting in overreactive inflammatory responses and alterations in host or Chlamydia metabolism. As a result, Chlamydia persists and causes wound healing delays, leading to more severe tissue damage and triggering long-lasting fibrotic sequelae. Here, we summarize the roles of cytokines in Chlamydia infection and pathogenesis, thus advancing our understanding chlamydial infection biology and the pathogenic mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xiang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Nanyan Yu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Aihua Lei
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shui Tan
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lijun Huang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Nanyue Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Postgraduates, University of South China and Nanyue Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hengyang, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Root-Bernstein R. Innate Receptor Activation Patterns Involving TLR and NLR Synergisms in COVID-19, ALI/ARDS and Sepsis Cytokine Storms: A Review and Model Making Novel Predictions and Therapeutic Suggestions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042108. [PMID: 33672738 PMCID: PMC7924650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is characterized by a “cytokine storm”, the mechanism of which is not yet understood. I propose that cytokine storms result from synergistic interactions among Toll-like receptors (TLR) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLR) due to combined infections of SARS-CoV-2 with other microbes, mainly bacterial and fungal. This proposition is based on eight linked types of evidence and their logical connections. (1) Severe cases of COVID-19 differ from healthy controls and mild COVID-19 patients in exhibiting increased TLR4, TLR7, TLR9 and NLRP3 activity. (2) SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses activate TLR3, TLR7, RIG1 and NLRP3. (3) SARS-CoV-2 cannot, therefore, account for the innate receptor activation pattern (IRAP) found in severe COVID-19 patients. (4) Severe COVID-19 also differs from its mild form in being characterized by bacterial and fungal infections. (5) Respiratory bacterial and fungal infections activate TLR2, TLR4, TLR9 and NLRP3. (6) A combination of SARS-CoV-2 with bacterial/fungal coinfections accounts for the IRAP found in severe COVID-19 and why it differs from mild cases. (7) Notably, TLR7 (viral) and TLR4 (bacterial/fungal) synergize, TLR9 and TLR4 (both bacterial/fungal) synergize and TLR2 and TLR4 (both bacterial/fungal) synergize with NLRP3 (viral and bacterial). (8) Thus, a SARS-CoV-2-bacterium/fungus coinfection produces synergistic innate activation, resulting in the hyperinflammation characteristic of a cytokine storm. Unique clinical, experimental and therapeutic predictions (such as why melatonin is effective in treating COVID-19) are discussed, and broader implications are outlined for understanding why other syndromes such as acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis display varied cytokine storm symptoms.
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20
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Coutinho-Silva R, Savio LEB. Purinergic signalling in host innate immune defence against intracellular pathogens. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 187:114405. [PMID: 33406411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signalling is an evolutionarily conserved signalling pathway mediated by extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides. Tri- and diphosphonucleotides released from host cells during intracellular pathogen infections activate plasma membrane purinergic type 2 receptors (P2 receptors) that stimulate microbicidal mechanisms in host innate immune cells. P2X ion channels and P2Y G protein-coupled receptors are involved in activating host innate immune defence mechanisms, phagocytosis, phagolysosomal fusion, production of reactive species, acidification of parasitophorous vacuoles, inflammasome activation, and the release of cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators. In this review, as part of a special issue in tribute to Geoffrey Burnstock, we discuss advances in understanding the importance of P2 receptors in the host antimicrobial innate mechanisms against intracellular pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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21
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Balin BJ, Hudson AP. Perspectives on the Intracellular Bacterium Chlamydia pneumoniae in Late-Onset Dementia. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-020-00146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Chronic diseases remain a daunting challenge for clinicians and researchers alike. While difficult to completely understand, most chronic diseases, including late-onset dementias, are thought to arise as an interplay between host genetic factors and environmental insults. One of the most diverse and ubiquitous environmental insults centers on infectious agents. Associations of infectious agents with late-onset dementia have taken on heightened importance, including our investigations of infection by the intracellular respiratory bacterium, Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn), in late-onset dementia of the Alzheimer’s type.
Recent Findings
Over the last two decades, the relationship of this infection to pathogenesis in late-onset dementia has become much clearer. This clarity has resulted from applying contemporary molecular genetic, biochemical, immunochemical, and cell culture techniques to analysis of human brains, animal models, and relevant in vitro cell culture systems. Data from these studies, taken in aggregate form, now can be applied to evaluation of proof of concept for causation of this infection with late-onset disease. In this evaluation, modifications to the original Koch postulates can be useful for elucidating causation.
Summary
All such relevant studies are outlined and summarized in this review, and they demonstrate the utility of applying modified Koch postulates to the etiology of late-onset dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Regardless, it is clear that even with strong observational evidence, in combination with application of modifications of Koch’s postulates, we will not be able to conclusively state that Cpn infection is causative for disease pathogenesis in late-onset dementia. Moreover, this conclusion obtains as well for the putative causation of this condition by other pathogens, including herpes simplex virus type 1, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Porphyromonas gingivalis.
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22
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Crosstalk between ER stress, NLRP3 inflammasome, and inflammation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6129-6140. [PMID: 32447438 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a protective response to restore protein homeostasis by activating the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, UPR can trigger cell death under severe and/or persistently high ERS. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a complex of multiple proteins that activates the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in a caspase-1-dependent manner to participate in the regulation of inflammation. The NLRP3 inflammasome involvement in ERS-induced inflammation has not been completely described. The intersection of ERS with multiple inflammatory pathways can initiate and aggravate chronic diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that ERS-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is the pathological basis of various inflammatory diseases. In this review, we have discussed the networks between ERS and NLRP3 inflammasome, with the view to identifying novel therapeutic targets in inflammatory diseases. KEY POINTS: • Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is an important factor for the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasomes that results in pathological processes. • ERS can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome to induce inflammatory responses via oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and NF-κB activation. • The interactions between ERS and NLRP3 inflammasome are associated with inflammation, which represent a potential therapeutic opportunity of inflammatory diseases.
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23
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Mechanisms of Electroacupuncture on Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of Animal Studies. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 26:473-480. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Wang L, Zhu L, Duan C, Li L, Chen G. Total saponin of Dioscorea collettii attenuates MSU crystal‑induced inflammation via inhibiting the activation of the NALP3 inflammasome and caspase‑1 in THP‑1 macrophages. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2466-2474. [PMID: 32236574 PMCID: PMC7185280 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Total saponins extracted from Dioscorea collettii (TSD), extracts of the Chinese herb Dioscorea, are thought to exhibit therapeutic benefit in gouty arthritis. However, its exact mechanism remains unclear. The current study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by investigating the effects of TSD on the inflammation induced by monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in THP-1 macrophages. The viability of THP-1 macrophages was examined using the MTT assay and the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, released by the cells were quantitatively measured using ELISA kits. The results revealed that the protein level of cluster of differentiation 11b increased in THP-1 cells treated with 100 ng/ml phorbol ester, suggesting that monocytic THP-1 cells were successfully differentiated into macrophages. TSD decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-18 and IL-1β, secreted by THP-1 macrophages. As the release of IL-1β and IL-18 is dependent on the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NALP3) inflammasome and caspase-1, the current study investigated the effect of TSD on the aforementioned proteins. The results revealed that TSD decreased the protein levels of NALP3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like, which serve important roles in the assembly of the NALP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, NALP3 inflammasome-related proteins were also decreased by TSD in rotenone induced THP-1 macrophages, TSD inhibited the activation of caspase-1 and rotenone-induced NALP3 inflammasome activation in THP-1 macrophages. The results obtained in the current study revealed that TSD attenuated MSU crystal-induced inflammation by inhibiting rotenone-induced activation of the NALP3 inflammasome and caspase-1, suggesting that these two proteins may be novel targets for the treatment of gouty arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Liran Zhu
- Anhui Institute of Pediatric Research, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230051, P.R. China
| | - Chenfangyuan Duan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR 999078, P.R. China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Integrative Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Guangliang Chen
- College of Integrative Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
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25
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Christgen S, Place DE, Kanneganti TD. Toward targeting inflammasomes: insights into their regulation and activation. Cell Res 2020; 30:315-327. [PMID: 32152420 PMCID: PMC7118104 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multi-component signaling complexes critical to the initiation of pyroptotic cell death in response to invading pathogens and cellular damage. A number of innate immune receptors have been reported to serve as inflammasome sensors. Activation of these sensors leads to the proteolytic activation of caspase-1, a proinflammatory caspase responsible for the cleavage of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 and the effector of pyroptotic cell death, gasdermin D. Though crucial to the innate immune response to infection, dysregulation of inflammasome activation can lead to the development of inflammatory diseases, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Therefore, clinical interest in the modulation of inflammasome activation is swiftly growing. As such, it is imperative to develop a mechanistic understanding of the regulation of these complexes. In this review, we divide the regulation of inflammasome activation into three parts. We discuss the transcriptional regulation of inflammasome components and related proteins, the post-translational mechanisms of inflammasome activation, and advances in the understanding of the structural basis of inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelbi Christgen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - David E Place
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
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26
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Oral formulation angiotensin-(1-7) therapy attenuates pulmonary and systemic damage in mice with emphysema induced by elastase. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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27
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Woods JJ, Skelding KA, Martin KL, Aryal R, Sontag E, Johnstone DM, Horvat JC, Hansbro PM, Milward EA. Assessment of evidence for or against contributions of Chlamydia pneumoniae infections to Alzheimer's disease etiology. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 83:22-32. [PMID: 31626972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, was first formally described in 1907 yet its etiology has remained elusive. Recent proposals that Aβ peptide may be part of the brain immune response have revived longstanding contention about the possibility of causal relationships between brain pathogens and Alzheimer's disease. Research has focused on infectious pathogens that may colonize the brain such as herpes simplex type I. Some researchers have proposed the respiratory bacteria Chlamydia pneumoniae may also be implicated in Alzheimer's disease, however this remains controversial. This review aims to provide a balanced overview of the current evidence and its limitations and future approaches that may resolve controversies. We discuss the evidence from in vitro, animal and human studies proposed to implicate Chlamydia pneumoniae in Alzheimer's disease and other neurological conditions, the potential mechanisms by which the bacterium may contribute to pathogenesis and limitations of previous studies that may explain the inconsistencies in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Woods
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University Drive, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Kathryn A Skelding
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University Drive, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kristy L Martin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University Drive, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia; Discipline of Physiology and Bosch Institute, Anderson Stuart Building F13, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ritambhara Aryal
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University Drive, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Estelle Sontag
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University Drive, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Daniel M Johnstone
- Discipline of Physiology and Bosch Institute, Anderson Stuart Building F13, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University Drive, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights NSW 2305, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Milward
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University Drive, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
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Wadhwa R, Dua K, Adcock IM, Horvat JC, Kim RY, Hansbro PM. Cellular mechanisms underlying steroid-resistant asthma. Eur Respir Rev 2019; 28:28/153/190096. [PMID: 31636089 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0096-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe steroid-resistant asthma is clinically important, as patients with this form of the disease do not respond to mainstay corticosteroid therapies. The heterogeneity of this form of asthma and poor understanding of the pathological mechanisms involved hinder the identification of therapeutic targets and the development of more effective therapies. A major limiting factor in the understanding of severe steroid-resistant asthma is the existence of multiple endotypes represented by different immunological and inflammatory phenotypes, particularly in adults. Several clinical and experimental studies have revealed associations between specific respiratory infections and steroid-resistant asthma in adults. Here, we discuss recent findings from other authors as well as our own studies that have developed novel experimental models for interrogating the association between respiratory infections and severe steroid-resistant asthma. These models have enabled the identification of new therapies using macrolides, as well as several novel disease mechanisms, including the microRNA-21/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/histone deacetylase 2 axis and NLRP3 inflammasomes, and highlight the potential of these mechanisms as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhima Wadhwa
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Kamal Dua
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Ian M Adcock
- The Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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29
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Phillips S, Quigley BL, Aziz A, Bergen W, Booth R, Pyne M, Timms P. Antibiotic treatment of Chlamydia-induced cystitis in the koala is linked to expression of key inflammatory genes in reactive oxygen pathways. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221109. [PMID: 31415633 PMCID: PMC6695219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydial-induced cystitis in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is currently treated by antibiotics. However, while reducing the chlamydial load, this treatment can also lead to gastrointestinal complications and death. Development of alternative treatments, such as a therapeutic chlamydial vaccine, are hindered by the lack of detailed understanding of the innate immune response to chlamydial clearance and disease regression during antibiotic treatment. Through clinical, microbiological and transcriptomic approaches, disease regression, bacterial clearance and innate immune responses were mapped in koalas with signs of chlamydial-induced cystitis while receiving anti-chlamydial antibiotics. Significant reduction in the signs of cystitis were observed during and post antibiotic treatment. This was observed as a thinning of the bladder wall and complete reversal of urinary incontinence. Transcriptomic analysis before treatment, at the end of treatment and prior to release identified significant down-regulation of specific genes involved in 21 biological pathways. Of these, the chemokine receptor signalling and NOD-like receptor signalling pathways where identified as important markers of inflammation. Specific genes within these pathways (NCF1 and NOX2) were significantly down-regulated, suggesting a decrease in reactive oxygen species production. Through the monitoring of specific clinical and transcriptomic markers, these findings allow detailed profiling of the clinical response to therapeutic vaccination in koalas with current signs of disease. This also adds to our understanding of innate immune responses to chlamydial infections and indicates that chlamydial-induced cystitis in the koala is linked to the regulation of reactive oxygen pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Phillips
- Genecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Bonnie L. Quigley
- Genecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ammar Aziz
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Wendy Bergen
- Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital, Steve Irwin Way, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rosemary Booth
- Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital, Steve Irwin Way, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Pyne
- Currumbin Wildlife Hospital, Currumbin, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter Timms
- Genecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
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30
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Vander Beken S, de Vries JC, Meier-Schiesser B, Meyer P, Jiang D, Sindrilaru A, Ferreira FF, Hainzl A, Schatz S, Muschhammer J, Scheurmann NJ, Kampilafkos P, Seitz AM, Dürselen L, Ignatius A, Kluth MA, Ganss C, Wlaschek M, Singh K, Maity P, Frank NY, Frank MH, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Newly Defined ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 5 Positive Dermal Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Healing of Chronic Iron-Overload Wounds via Secretion of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1057-1074. [PMID: 31002437 PMCID: PMC6663647 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the beneficial effects of a newly identified dermal cell subpopulation expressing the ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 5 (ABCB5) for the therapy of nonhealing wounds. Local administration of dermal ABCB5+ -derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attenuated macrophage-dominated inflammation and thereby accelerated healing of full-thickness excisional wounds in the iron-overload mouse model mimicking the nonhealing state of human venous leg ulcers. The observed beneficial effects were due to interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) secreted by ABCB5+ -derived MSCs, which dampened inflammation and shifted the prevalence of unrestrained proinflammatory M1 macrophages toward repair promoting anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages at the wound site. The beneficial anti-inflammatory effect of IL-1RA released from ABCB5+ -derived MSCs on human wound macrophages was conserved in humanized NOD-scid IL2rγ null mice. In conclusion, human dermal ABCB5+ cells represent a novel, easily accessible, and marker-enriched source of MSCs, which holds substantial promise to successfully treat chronic nonhealing wounds in humans. Stem Cells 2019;37:1057-1074.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppe Vander Beken
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Juliane C de Vries
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Meyer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dongsheng Jiang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anca Sindrilaru
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Filipa F Ferreira
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Adelheid Hainzl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Schatz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Muschhammer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas M Seitz
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lutz Dürselen
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mark A Kluth
- TICEBA GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Ganss
- TICEBA GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meinhard Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karmveer Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pallab Maity
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Natasha Y Frank
- Transplantation Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Markus H Frank
- Transplantation Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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31
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Li LH, Lin JS, Chiu HW, Lin WY, Ju TC, Chen FH, Chernikov OV, Liu ML, Chang JC, Hsu CH, Chen A, Ka SM, Gao HW, Hua KF. Mechanistic Insight Into the Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome by Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1815. [PMID: 31417575 PMCID: PMC6685137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonorrhea is a type III legal communicable disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), one of the most common sexually transmitted bacteria worldwide. NG infection can cause urethritis or systemic inflammation and may lead to infertility or other complications. The NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a protein complex composed of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein and caspase-1 and is an important part of the cellular machinery controlling the release of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and the pathogenesis of numerous infectious diseases. It has been reported that NG infection activates the NLRP3 inflammasome; however, the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this report, the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of NG-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages were studied. The results indicated that viable NG, but not heat-killed or freeze/thaw-killed NG, activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages through toll-like receptor 2, but not toll-like receptor 4. NG infection provided the priming signal to the NLRP3 inflammasome that induced the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β precursor through the nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. In addition, NG infection provided the activation signal to the NLRP3 inflammasome that activated caspase-1 through P2X7 receptor-dependent potassium efflux, lysosomal acidification, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species production pathways. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NLRP3 knockout increased phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages and increases the bactericidal activity of macrophages against NG. These findings provide potential molecular targets for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs that could ameliorate NG-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sing Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Chiu
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tz-Chuen Ju
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Hsin Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Oleg V Chernikov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry (PIBOC), Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS), Vladivostok, Russia
| | - May-Lan Liu
- Department of Nutritional Science, Toko University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Che Chang
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann Chen
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuk-Man Ka
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Wei Gao
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan City, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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32
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Chlamydia and Lipids Engage a Common Signaling Pathway That Promotes Atherogenesis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 71:1553-1570. [PMID: 29622163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies indicate that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling promote the development of high fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice. OBJECTIVES The authors investigated the role of TLR4/MyD88 signaling in hematopoietic and stromal cells in the development and infection-mediated acceleration of atherosclerosis. METHODS The authors generated bone marrow chimeras between wild-type and Tlr4-/- mice, as well as wild-type and Myd88-/- mice. All mice were on the Apoe-/- background and fed high fat diet. The authors infected the chimeric mice with C. pneumoniae (CP) and fed them high fat diet. RESULTS Aortic sinus plaques and lipid content were significantly reduced in Apoe-/- mice that received Tlr4-/-or Myd88-/- bone marrow compared with control animals despite similar cholesterol levels. Similarly, Tlr4 or Myd88 deficiency in stromal cells also led to a reduction in the lesion area and lipid in aortic sinus plaques. MyD88 expression only in CD11c+ dendritic cells (myeloid cells) in cells was sufficient in otherwise MyD88-deficient mice to induce CP infection-mediated acceleration of atherosclerosis, underlining the key role of MyD88 in CD11c+ dendritic cells (myeloid cells). Whereas CP infection markedly accelerated atherosclerosis in TLR4- or MyD88-positive chimeras, CP infection had a minimal effect on atherosclerosis in TLR4- or MyD88-deficient mice (either in the hematopoietic or stromal cell compartments). CONCLUSIONS The authors show that both CP infection and metabolic stress associated with dyslipidemia use the same innate immune response pathway, utilizing TLR4/MyD88 signaling, with similar relative contributions in bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells and in stromal cells. Further studies are required to understand this intricate and complex cross talk among innate and adaptive immune systems in various conditions to more effectively design dendritic cell-mediated atheroprotective vaccines and other therapeutic strategies.
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33
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Almeida-da-Silva CLC, Alpagot T, Zhu Y, Lee SS, Roberts BP, Hung SC, Tang N, Ojcius DM. Chlamydia pneumoniae is present in the dental plaque of periodontitis patients and stimulates an inflammatory response in gingival epithelial cells. MICROBIAL CELL 2019; 6:197-208. [PMID: 30956972 PMCID: PMC6444558 DOI: 10.15698/mic2019.04.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae is an airborne, Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium which causes human respiratory infections and has been associated with atherosclerosis. Because individuals with periodontitis are at greater risk for atherosclerosis as well as respiratory infections, we in-vestigated the role of C. pneumoniae in inflammation and periodontal dis-ease. We found that C. pneumoniae was more frequently found in subgingival dental plaque obtained from periodontally diseased sites of the mouth versus healthy sites. The known periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, were also found in the plaque. In addition, C. pneumoniae could efficiently invade human gingival epithelial cells (GECs) in vitro, causing translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus along with increased secretion of mature IL-1β cytokine. Supernatants collected from C. pneumoniae-infected GECs showed increased activation of caspase-1 protein, which was significantly reduced when nlrp3 gene expression was silenced using shRNA lentiviral vectors. Our results demonstrate that C. pneumoniae was found in higher levels in periodontitis patients compared to control pa-tients. Additionally, C. pneumoniae could infect GECs, leading to inflammation caused by activation of NF-κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome. We propose that the presence of C. pneumoniae in subgingival dental plaque may contribute to periodontal disease and could be used as a potential risk indicator of perio-dontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamer Alpagot
- Department of Periodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Sonho Sierra Lee
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Program of Doctor of Dental Surgery, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Brian P Roberts
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shu-Chen Hung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Norina Tang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
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34
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Tartey S, Kanneganti TD. Differential role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in infection and tumorigenesis. Immunology 2019; 156:329-338. [PMID: 30666624 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated inflammation is one of the hallmarks of cancer initiation and progression. Emerging evidence indicates that inflammasomes play a central role in regulating immune cell functions in various infections and cancer. Inflammasomes are multimeric complexes consisting of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) -like receptors (NLRs). Among the NLRs, NOD1, NOD2 and NLRP3 respond to a variety of endogenous (i.e. damage-associated molecular patterns) and exogenous (i.e. pathogen-associated molecular patterns) stimuli. The NLRP3 inflammasome is associated with the onset and progression of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including metabolic disorders, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and cryopyrin-associated periodic fever syndrome. NLRP3 is also associated with a wide variety of infections and tumorigenesis that are closely correlated with chemotherapy response and prognosis. In this review, we explore the rapidly expanding body of research on the expression and functions of NLRP3 in infections and cancers and outline novel inhibitors targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome that could be developed as therapeutic alternatives to current anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarang Tartey
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Matsuo J, Sakai K, Okubo T, Yamaguchi H. Chlamydia pneumoniaeenhances Interleukin 8 (IL-8) production with reduced azithromycin sensitivity under hypoxia. APMIS 2019; 127:131-138. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science; Faculty of Health Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Kohei Sakai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science; Faculty of Health Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science; Faculty of Health Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science; Faculty of Health Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
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Xia Y, Chen S, Zhu G, Huang R, Yin Y, Ren W. Betaine Inhibits Interleukin-1β Production and Release: Potential Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2670. [PMID: 30515160 PMCID: PMC6255979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Betaine is a critical nutrient for mammal health, and has been found to alleviate inflammation by lowering interleukin (IL)-1β secretion; however, the underlying mechanisms by which betaine inhibits IL-1β secretion remain to be uncovered. In this review, we summarize the current understanding about the mechanisms of betaine in IL-1β production and release. For IL-1β production, betaine affects canonical and non-canonical inflammasome-mediated processing of IL-1β through signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, NLRP3 and caspase-8/11. For IL-1β release, betaine inhibits IL-1β release through blocking the exocytosis of IL-1β-containing secretory lysosomes, reducing the shedding of IL-1β-containing plasma membrane microvesicles, suppressing the exocytosis of IL-1β-containing exosomes, and attenuating the passive efflux of IL-1β across hyperpermeable plasma membrane during pyroptotic cell death, which are associated with ERK1/2/PLA2 and caspase-8/A-SMase signaling pathways. Collectively, this review highlights the anti-inflammatory property of betaine by inhibiting the production and release of IL-1β, and indicates the potential application of betaine supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in various inflammatory diseases associating with IL-1β secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoo Noses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Academics Working Station at The First Affiliated Hospital, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoo Noses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Balin BJ, Hammond CJ, Little CS, Hingley ST, Al-Atrache Z, Appelt DM, Whittum-Hudson JA, Hudson AP. Chlamydia pneumoniae: An Etiologic Agent for Late-Onset Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:302. [PMID: 30356749 PMCID: PMC6189393 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The disease known as late-onset Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition recognized as the single most commonform of senile dementia. The condition is sporadic and has been attributed to neuronal damage and loss, both of which have been linked to the accumulation of protein deposits in the brain. Significant progress has been made over the past two decades regarding our overall understanding of the apparently pathogenic entities that arise in the affected brain, both for early-onset disease, which constitutes approximately 5% of all cases, as well as late-onset disease, which constitutes the remainder of cases. Observable neuropathology includes: neurofibrillary tangles, neuropil threads, neuritic senile plaques and often deposits of amyloid around the cerebrovasculature. Although many studies have provided a relatively detailed knowledge of these putatively pathogenic entities, understanding of the events that initiate and support the biological processes generating them and the subsequent observable neuropathology and neurodegeneration remain limited. This is especially true in the case of late-onset disease. Although early-onset Alzheimer's disease has been shown conclusively to have genetic roots, the detailed etiologic initiation of late-onset disease without such genetic origins has remained elusive. Over the last 15 years, current and ongoing work has implicated infection in the etiology and pathogenesis of late-onset dementia. Infectious agents reported to be associated with disease initiation are various, including several viruses and pathogenic bacterial species. We have reported extensively regarding an association between late-onset disease and infection with the intracellular bacterial pathogen Chlamydia pneumoniae. In this article, we review previously published data and recent results that support involvement of this unusual respiratory pathogen in disease induction and development. We further suggest several areas for future research that should elucidate details relating to those processes, and we argue for a change in the designation of the disease based on increased understanding of its clinical attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Balin
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christine J Hammond
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christopher Scott Little
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Susan T Hingley
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zein Al-Atrache
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Denah M Appelt
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Judith A Whittum-Hudson
- Department of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Alan P Hudson
- Department of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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Cytosolic Recognition of Microbes and Pathogens: Inflammasomes in Action. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2018; 82:82/4/e00015-18. [PMID: 30209070 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00015-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection is a dynamic biological process underpinned by a complex interplay between the pathogen and the host. Microbes from all domains of life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoan parasites, have the capacity to cause infection. Infection is sensed by the host, which often leads to activation of the inflammasome, a cytosolic macromolecular signaling platform that mediates the release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 and cleavage of the pore-forming protein gasdermin D, leading to pyroptosis. Host-mediated sensing of the infection occurs when pathogens inject or carry pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) into the cytoplasm or induce damage that causes cytosolic liberation of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the host cell. Recognition of PAMPs and DAMPs by inflammasome sensors, including NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, NAIP, AIM2, and Pyrin, initiates a cascade of events that culminate in inflammation and cell death. However, pathogens can deploy virulence factors capable of minimizing or evading host detection. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of microbe-induced activation of the inflammasome and the functional consequences of inflammasome activation in infectious diseases. We also explore the microbial strategies used in the evasion of inflammasome sensing at the host-microbe interaction interface.
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Tumurkhuu G, Dagvadorj J, Porritt RA, Crother TR, Shimada K, Tarling EJ, Erbay E, Arditi M, Chen S. Chlamydia pneumoniae Hijacks a Host Autoregulatory IL-1β Loop to Drive Foam Cell Formation and Accelerate Atherosclerosis. Cell Metab 2018; 28:432-448.e4. [PMID: 29937375 PMCID: PMC6125162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen burden accelerates atherosclerosis, but the mechanisms remain unresolved. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is linked to atherogenesis. Here we investigated whether Chlamydia pneumoniae (C.pn) infection engages NLRP3 in promoting atherosclerosis. C.pn potentiated hyperlipidemia-induced inflammasome activity in cultured macrophages and in foam cells in atherosclerotic lesions of Ldlr-/- mice. C.pn-induced acceleration of atherosclerosis was significantly dependent on NLRP3 and caspase-1. We discovered that C.pn-induced extracellular IL-1β triggers a negative feedback loop to inhibit GPR109a and ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux, leading to accumulation of intracellular cholesterol and foam cell formation. Gpr109a and Abca1 were both upregulated in plaque lesions in Nlrp3-/- mice in both hyperlipidemic and C.pn infection models. Mature IL-1β and cholesterol may compete for access to the ABCA1 transporter to be exported from macrophages. C.pn exploits this metabolic-immune crosstalk, which can be modulated by NLRP3 inhibitors to alleviate atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gantsetseg Tumurkhuu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jargalsaikhan Dagvadorj
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Rebecca A Porritt
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Timothy R Crother
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kenichi Shimada
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Tarling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ebru Erbay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Shuang Chen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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NLRP3/ASC-mediated alveolar macrophage pyroptosis enhances HMGB1 secretion in acute lung injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1052-1064. [PMID: 29884910 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that high levels of HMGB1 existed in rats following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and neutralization of high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1) reduced CPB-induced ALI. However, the mechanism by which CPB increases HMGB1 secretion is unclear. Recent studies have shown that inflammasome-mediated cell pyroptosis promotes HMGB1 secretion. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and HMGB1 in CPB-related ALI. We employed oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced alveolar macrophage (AM) NR8383 pyroptosis to measure HMGB1 secretion. We found that OGD significantly increased the levels of caspase-1 cleaved p10, IL-1β and ASC expression, caspase-1 activity and the frequency of pyroptotic AM, and promoted the cytoplasm transportation and secretion of HMGB1, which were significantly mitigated by ASC silencing or pre-treatment with glyburide (a Nlrp3 inhibitor) in AM. CPB also increased the expression levels of Nlrp3, ASC, caspase-1 P10, and IL-1β, and the percentages of AM pyroptosis in the lungs of experimental rats accompanied by increased levels of serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) HMGB1. Treatment with glyburide significantly mitigated the CPB-increased ASC, caspase-1 p10 and IL-1β expression, and the percentages of AM pyroptosis in the lungs, as well as the levels of HMGB1 in serum and BALF in rats. Therefore, our data indicated that the Nlrp3/ASC-mediated AM pyroptosis increased HMGB1 secretion in ALI induced by CPB. These findings may provide a therapeutic strategy to reduce lung injury and inflammatory responses during CPB.
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Electroacupuncture Could Influence the Expression of IL-1 β and NLRP3 Inflammasome in Hippocampus of Alzheimer's Disease Animal Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8296824. [PMID: 30105072 PMCID: PMC6076968 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8296824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Effective therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still being explored. Electroacupuncture with traditional Chinese medicine theory may improve spatial learning and memory abilities and glucose metabolism rates in an animal model of AD. However, the mechanism of electroacupuncture in intervention of AD is still unclear. According to recent studies of AD mechanisms, the NLRP3 inflammasome regulated the expression of IL-1β in the brain which may mediate AD related processes. Therefore, in our study, we intend to explore the possible relation between electroacupuncture and the expression of NLRP 3 inflammasome in the hippocampus of an AD animal model. Method In this study, 7.5-month-old male senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice were used as an AD animal model, which were randomly divided into two groups: Alzheimer's disease model group (AD group) and electroacupuncture group (EA group). In the control paradigm, 7.5-month-old male SAMR1 mice were used as the normal control group (N group). DU20, DU26, and EX-HN3 were selected as the acupuncture points, and after a 15-day treatment of electroacupuncture, we used immunohistochemistry and Western blotting to examine the expression of IL-1β and NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 in the hippocampus of the AD animal model. Results Compared with N group, IL-1β, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 positive cells in AD group were increased, and the relative expression of all above proteins significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with AD group, the expression of IL-1β, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 in EA group was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Conclusion Electroacupuncture treatment could inhibit the inflammation reaction in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice. What is more, the possible mechanism of electroacupuncture reduced the expression of IL-1β and NLRP3 inflammasome relative protein.
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Hansbro PM, Kim RY, Starkey MR, Donovan C, Dua K, Mayall JR, Liu G, Hansbro NG, Simpson JL, Wood LG, Hirota JA, Knight DA, Foster PS, Horvat JC. Mechanisms and treatments for severe, steroid-resistant allergic airway disease and asthma. Immunol Rev 2018; 278:41-62. [PMID: 28658552 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Severe, steroid-resistant asthma is clinically and economically important since affected individuals do not respond to mainstay corticosteroid treatments for asthma. Patients with this disease experience more frequent exacerbations of asthma, are more likely to be hospitalized, and have a poorer quality of life. Effective therapies are urgently required, however, their development has been hampered by a lack of understanding of the pathological processes that underpin disease. A major obstacle to understanding the processes that drive severe, steroid-resistant asthma is that the several endotypes of the disease have been described that are characterized by different inflammatory and immunological phenotypes. This heterogeneity makes pinpointing processes that drive disease difficult in humans. Clinical studies strongly associate specific respiratory infections with severe, steroid-resistant asthma. In this review, we discuss key findings from our studies where we describe the development of representative experimental models to improve our understanding of the links between infection and severe, steroid-resistant forms of this disease. We also discuss their use in elucidating the mechanisms, and their potential for developing effective therapeutic strategies, for severe, steroid-resistant asthma. Finally, we highlight how the immune mechanisms and therapeutic targets we have identified may be applicable to obesity-or pollution-associated asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jemma R Mayall
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jodie L Simpson
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- James Hogg Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Shibata K. Historical aspects of studies on roles of the inflammasome in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:203-211. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Shibata
- Department of Oral Molecular Microbiology; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine; Hokkaido University; Hokkaido Japan
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Savio LEB, de Andrade Mello P, da Silva CG, Coutinho-Silva R. The P2X7 Receptor in Inflammatory Diseases: Angel or Demon? Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:52. [PMID: 29467654 PMCID: PMC5808178 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is present at low levels in the extracellular milieu, being massively released by stressed or dying cells. Once outside the cells, ATP and related nucleotides/nucleoside generated by ectonucleotidases mediate a high evolutionary conserved signaling system: the purinergic signaling, which is involved in a variety of pathological conditions, including inflammatory diseases. Extracellular ATP has been considered an endogenous adjuvant that can initiate inflammation by acting as a danger signal through the activation of purinergic type 2 receptors-P2 receptors (P2Y G-protein coupled receptors and P2X ligand-gated ion channels). Among the P2 receptors, the P2X7 receptor is the most extensively studied from an immunological perspective, being involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses. P2X7 receptor activation induces large-scale ATP release via its intrinsic ability to form a membrane pore or in association with pannexin hemichannels, boosting purinergic signaling. ATP acting via P2X7 receptor is the second signal to the inflammasome activation, inducing both maturation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18, and the production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. Furthermore, the P2X7 receptor is involved in caspases activation, as well as in apoptosis induction. During adaptive immune response, P2X7 receptor modulates the balance between the generation of T helper type 17 (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes. Therefore, this receptor is involved in several inflammatory pathological conditions. In infectious diseases and cancer, P2X7 receptor can have different and contrasting effects, being an angel or a demon depending on its level of activation, cell studied, type of pathogen, and severity of infection. In neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, P2X7 upregulation and function appears to contribute to disease progression. In this review, we deeply discuss P2X7 receptor dual function and its pharmacological modulation in the context of different pathologies, and we also highlight the P2X7 receptor as a potential target to treat inflammatory related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz E B Savio
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paola de Andrade Mello
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cleide Gonçalves da Silva
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Webster SJ, Goodall JC. New concepts in Chlamydia induced inflammasome responses. Microbes Infect 2017; 20:424-431. [PMID: 29248634 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the concept of the inflammasome was introduced by Martinon, Burns and Tschopp in 2002, there has been an exponential increase in our understanding of how inflammasomes (caspase activating molecular platforms) regulate innate inflammatory responses to infectious microorganisms. Advances in understanding inflammasome biology have been developed using a range of bacterial pathogens. Recent studies investigating inflammasome responses during Chlamydia infection have provided interesting mechanistic insights in to inflammasome activation during intracellular bacterial infection. This review highlights new concepts regulating inflammasome activation to bacterial infections including: interferon-regulated loss of compartmentalisation, mechanisms of canonical and non-canonical inflammasome activation and their relevance to Chlamydia infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve J Webster
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Jane C Goodall
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Sun NN, Yu CH, Pan MX, Zhang Y, Zheng BJ, Yang QJ, Zheng ZM, Meng Y. Mir-21 Mediates the Inhibitory Effect of Ang (1-7) on AngII-induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Targeting Spry1 in lung fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14369. [PMID: 29084974 PMCID: PMC5662719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 (mir-21) induced by angiotensin II (AngII) plays a vital role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, and the NLRP3 inflammasome is known to be involved in fibrogenesis. However, whether there is a link between mir-21 and the NLRP3 inflammasome in pulmonary fibrosis is unknown. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin(1-7) [ACE2/Ang(1-7)] has been shown to attenuate AngII-induced pulmonary fibrosis, but it is not clear whether ACE2/Ang(1-7) protects against pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting AngII-induced mir-21 expression. This study's aim was to investigate whether mir-21 activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and mediates the different effects of AngII and ACE2/Ang(1-7) on lung fibroblast apoptosis and collagen synthesis. In vivo, AngII exacerbated bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis in rats, and elevated mir-21 and the NLRP3 inflammasome. In contrast, ACE2/Ang(1-7) attenuated BLM-induced lung fibrosis, and decreased mir-21 and the NLRP3 inflammasome. In vitro, AngII activated the NLRP3 inflammasome by up-regulating mir-21, and ACE2/Ang(1-7) inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation by down-regulating AngII-induced mir-21. Over-expression of mir-21 activated the NLRP3 inflammasome via the ERK/NF-κB pathway by targeting Spry1, resulting in apoptosis resistance and collagen synthesis in lung fibroblasts. These results indicate that mir-21 mediates the inhibitory effect of ACE2/Ang(1-7) on AngII-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by targeting Spry1 in lung fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Sun
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Hui Yu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao-Xia Pan
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Jun Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Jie Yang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Mao Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Kim RY, Pinkerton JW, Essilfie AT, Robertson AAB, Baines KJ, Brown AC, Mayall JR, Ali MK, Starkey MR, Hansbro NG, Hirota JA, Wood LG, Simpson JL, Knight DA, Wark PA, Gibson PG, O'Neill LAJ, Cooper MA, Horvat JC, Hansbro PM. Role for NLRP3 Inflammasome-mediated, IL-1β-Dependent Responses in Severe, Steroid-Resistant Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:283-297. [PMID: 28252317 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201609-1830oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Severe, steroid-resistant asthma is the major unmet need in asthma therapy. Disease heterogeneity and poor understanding of pathogenic mechanisms hampers the identification of therapeutic targets. Excessive nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and concomitant IL-1β responses occur in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory infections, and neutrophilic asthma. However, the direct contributions to pathogenesis, mechanisms involved, and potential for therapeutic targeting remain poorly understood, and are unknown in severe, steroid-resistant asthma. OBJECTIVES To investigate the roles and therapeutic targeting of the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β in severe, steroid-resistant asthma. METHODS We developed mouse models of Chlamydia and Haemophilus respiratory infection-mediated, ovalbumin-induced severe, steroid-resistant allergic airway disease. These models share the hallmark features of human disease, including elevated airway neutrophils, and NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β responses. The roles and potential for targeting of NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1, and IL-1β responses in experimental severe, steroid-resistant asthma were examined using a highly selective NLRP3 inhibitor, MCC950; the specific caspase-1 inhibitor Ac-YVAD-cho; and neutralizing anti-IL-1β antibody. Roles for IL-1β-induced neutrophilic inflammation were examined using IL-1β and anti-Ly6G. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Chlamydia and Haemophilus infections increase NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β responses that drive steroid-resistant neutrophilic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Neutrophilic airway inflammation, disease severity, and steroid resistance in human asthma correlate with NLRP3 and IL-1β expression. Treatment with anti-IL-1β, Ac-YVAD-cho, and MCC950 suppressed IL-1β responses and the important steroid-resistant features of disease in mice, whereas IL-1β administration recapitulated these features. Neutrophil depletion suppressed IL-1β-induced steroid-resistant airway hyperresponsiveness. CONCLUSIONS NLRP3 inflammasome responses drive experimental severe, steroid-resistant asthma and are potential therapeutic targets in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Y Kim
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James W Pinkerton
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ama T Essilfie
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Avril A B Robertson
- 2 Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katherine J Baines
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Brown
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jemma R Mayall
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Khadem Ali
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- 3 James Hogg Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Lisa G Wood
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jodie L Simpson
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A Wark
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter G Gibson
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- 4 School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- 2 Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Hypothetical protein Cpn0423 triggers NOD2 activation and contributes to Chlamydia pneumoniae-mediated inflammation. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:153. [PMID: 28693414 PMCID: PMC5504769 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) is pathogenic to humans, by causing pulmonary inflammation or bronchitis in both adolescents and young adults. However, the molecular signals linking C. pneumoniae components to inflammation remain elusive. This study was to investigate the effect of Chlamydia-specific Cpn0423 of C. pneumoniae on C. pneumoniae-mediated inflammation. RESULTS Cpn0423 was detected outside of C. pneumoniae inclusions, which induced production of several cytokines including macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and interleukins (ILs). Production of the Cpn0423-induced cytokines was markedly reduced in cells pretreated with NOD2-siRNA, but not with negative control oligonucleotides. Mice treated with Cpn0423 through intranasal administration exhibited pulmonary inflammation as evidenced by infiltration of inflammatory cells, increased inflammatory scores in the lung histology, recruitment of neutrophils and increased cytokines levels in the BALF. CONCLUSION Cpn0423 could be sensed by NOD2, which was identified as an essential element in a pathway contributing to the development of C. pneumoniae -mediated inflammation.
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Kang MJ, Jo SG, Kim DJ, Park JH. NLRP3 inflammasome mediates interleukin-1β production in immune cells in response to Acinetobacter baumannii and contributes to pulmonary inflammation in mice. Immunology 2017; 150:495-505. [PMID: 28032341 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a multi-drug resistant, Gram-negative bacteria and infection with this organism is one of the major causes of mortality in intensive care units. Inflammasomes are multiprotein oligomers that include caspase-1, and their activation is required for maturation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Inflammasome signalling is involved in host defences against various microbial infections, but the precise mechanism by which A. baumannii activates inflammasomes and the roles of relevant signals in host defence against pulmonary A. baumannii infection are unknown. Our results showed that NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1, but not NLRC4, are required for A. baumannii-induced production of IL-1β in macrophages. An inhibitor assay revealed that various pathways, including P2X7R, K+ efflux, reactive oxygen species production and release of cathepsins, are involved in IL-1β production in macrophages in response to A. baumannii. Interleukin-1β production in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was impaired in NLRP3-deficient and caspase-1/11-deficient mice infected with A. baumannii, compared with that in wild-type (WT) mice. However, the bacterial loads in BAL fluid and lungs were comparable between WT and NLRP3-deficient or caspase-1/11-deficient mice. The severity of lung pathology was reduced in NLRP3- deficient, caspase-1/11- deficient and IL-1-receptor-deficient mice, although the recruitment of immune cells and production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were not altered in these mice. These findings indicate that A. baumannii leads to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, which mediates IL-1β production and lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Kang
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK 21 PLUS Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung-Gang Jo
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK 21 PLUS Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Jae Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Centre, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK 21 PLUS Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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