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Lopez LE, Chuah YS, Encina F, Carignani Sardoy M, Berdion Gabarain V, Mutwil M, Estevez JM. New molecular components that regulate the transcriptional hub in root hairs: coupling environmental signals with endogenous hormones to coordinate growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4171-4179. [PMID: 37875460 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs have become an important model system for studying plant growth, and in particular how plants modulate their growth in response to cell-intrinsic and environmental stimuli. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth of Arabidopsis root hairs in the interface between responses to environmental cues (e.g. nutrients such as nitrates and phosphate, and microorganisms) and hormonal stimuli (e.g. auxin). Growth of root hairs is under the control of several transcription factors that are also under strong regulation at different levels. We highlight recent new discoveries along these transcriptional pathways that might have the potential to increase our capacity to enhance nutrient uptake by the roots in the context of abiotic stresses. We use the text-mining capacities of the PlantConnectome database to generate an up-to-date view of root hairs growth within these complex biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel E Lopez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Yu Song Chuah
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Felipe Encina
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370146, Chile
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Mariana Carignani Sardoy
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Victoria Berdion Gabarain
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Marek Mutwil
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370146, Chile
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal (CBV), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
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Garg S, Nain P, Kumar A, Joshi S, Punetha H, Sharma PK, Siddiqui S, Alshaharni MO, Algopishi UB, Mittal A. Next generation plant biostimulants & genome sequencing strategies for sustainable agriculture development. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1439561. [PMID: 39104588 PMCID: PMC11299335 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1439561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The best environment for plant growth and development contains certain essential metabolites. A broad category of metabolites known as "plant biostimulants" (PBs) includes biomolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and other secondary metabolites related to groups of terpenes, specific nitrogen-containing compounds, and benzene ring-conjugated compounds. The formation of biomolecules depends on both biotic and abiotic factors, such as the release of PB by plants, animals, and microorganisms, or it can result from the control of temperature, humidity, and pressure in the atmosphere, in the case of humic substances (HSs). Understanding the genomic outputs of the concerned organism (may be plants or others than them) becomes crucial for identifying the underlying behaviors that lead to the synthesis of these complex compounds. For the purposes of achieving the objectives of sustainable agriculture, detailed research on PBs is essential because they aid in increasing yield and other growth patterns of agro-economic crops. The regulation of homeostasis in the plant-soil-microbe system for the survival of humans and other animals is mediated by the action of plant biostimulants, as considered essential for the growth of plants. The genomic size and gene operons for functional and regulation control have so far been revealed through technological implementations, but important gene annotations are still lacking, causing a delay in revealing the information. Next-generation sequencing techniques, such as nanopore, nanoball, and Illumina, are essential in troubleshooting the information gaps. These technical advancements have greatly expanded the candidate gene openings. The secondary metabolites being important precursors need to be studied in a much wider scale for accurate calculations of biochemical reactions, taking place inside and outside the synthesized living cell. The present review highlights the sequencing techniques to provide a foundation of opportunity generation for agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanshu Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, CBSH-GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, India
| | - Pooja Nain
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, CBSH-GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, India
| | - Samiksha Joshi
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal, India
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar Sharma
- Department of Environment Science, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sazada Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Amit Mittal
- School of Allied Sciences, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal, India
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Castaldi V, Langella E, Buonanno M, Di Lelio I, Aprile AM, Molisso D, Criscuolo MC, D'Andrea LD, Romanelli A, Amoresano A, Pinto G, Illiano A, Chiaiese P, Becchimanzi A, Pennacchio F, Rao R, Monti SM. Intrinsically disordered Prosystemin discloses biologically active repeat motifs. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 340:111969. [PMID: 38159610 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The in-depth studies over the years on the defence barriers by tomato plants have shown that the Systemin peptide controls the response to a wealth of environmental stress agents. This multifaceted stress reaction seems to be related to the intrinsic disorder of its precursor protein, Prosystemin (ProSys). Since latest findings show that ProSys has biological functions besides Systemin sequence, here we wanted to assess if this precursor includes peptide motifs able to trigger stress-related pathways. Candidate peptides were identified in silico and synthesized to test their capacity to trigger defence responses in tomato plants against different biotic stressors. Our results demonstrated that ProSys harbours several repeat motifs which triggered plant immune reactions against pathogens and pest insects. Three of these peptides were detected by mass spectrometry in plants expressing ProSys, demonstrating their effective presence in vivo. These experimental data shed light on unrecognized functions of ProSys, mediated by multiple biologically active sequences which may partly account for the capacity of ProSys to induce defense responses to different stress agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Castaldi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Emma Langella
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB, CNR), via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Martina Buonanno
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB, CNR), via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Lelio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy; Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Aprile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Donata Molisso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Martina Chiara Criscuolo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Luca Domenico D'Andrea
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via Alfonso Corti 12, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cynthia 8, Napoli and Interuniversitary Consortium "Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 80126 Roma, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pinto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cynthia 8, Napoli and Interuniversitary Consortium "Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 80126 Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Illiano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cynthia 8, Napoli and Interuniversitary Consortium "Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 80126 Roma, Italy
| | - Pasquale Chiaiese
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Andrea Becchimanzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy; Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pennacchio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy; Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Rao
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy; Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy.
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB, CNR), via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy.
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Manan S, Bilal S. Editorial: Molecular regulation of seed development and storage reserve metabolism in crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1348252. [PMID: 38269135 PMCID: PMC10807039 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1348252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Manan
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
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Shao Q, Ran Q, Li X, Dong C, Huang J, Han Y. Deciphering the effect of phytohormones on the phyllosphere microbiota of Eucommia ulmoides. Microbiol Res 2024; 278:127513. [PMID: 37837828 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are key signals mediating plant-microbe molecular communication. However, their roles in driving phyllosphere microbiota assembly remain unclear. Here, high throughput target assays for 12 phytohormones and microbial amplicon sequencing techniques were used to reveal the effects of hormone components on phyllosphere microbiota of Eucommia ulmoides. Most of the phytohormone components in old leaves were lower than in tender leaves, such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA), but the phyllosphere microbial community diversity in the older leaves was significantly higher than in the tender leaves, with more complex and aggregated microbial cooccurrence network. The E. ulmoides phyllosphere microbiota at tender and older leaf stage were dominated by the same dominant taxa at the phylum level, with Ascomycota and Basidiomycota as the main fungal taxa and Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria as the main bacterial taxa. FUNGuild and FAPROTAX functional predictions revealed that the high abundance functional groups of the E. ulmoides phyllosphere microbes were similar at tender and old leaf stages, with fungal functions mainly involving in plant pathogen, undefined saprotroph and endophyte, and bacterial functions mainly involving in chemoheterotrophy, fermentation and aerobic_chemoheterotrophy. Additionally, mantel test and variance partitioning analysis showed that IAA and N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)-adenine (IP) were key phytohormones impacting the E. ulmoides phyllosphere microbiota, and their effects were largely interdependent. Our results improve the understanding of composition, diversity, function and influencing factors of phyllosphere microbiota, which might provide cue for sustainable agriculture and forestry management via precise regulation of the phyllosphere microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Shao
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology/Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 5 50025, Guizhou, China
| | - Qingsong Ran
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology/Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 5 50025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology/Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 5 50025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chunbo Dong
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology/Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 5 50025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Yanfeng Han
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology/Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 5 50025, Guizhou, China.
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Suresh PS, Kumari S, Sahal D, Sharma U. Innate functions of natural products: A promising path for the identification of novel therapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115748. [PMID: 37666044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In the course of evolution, living organisms have become well equipped with diverse natural products that serve important functions, including defence from biotic and abiotic stress, growth regulation, reproduction, metabolism, and epigenetic regulation. It seems to be the organism's ecological niche that influences the natural product's structural and functional diversity. Indeed, natural products constitute the nuts and bolts of molecular co-evolution and ecological relationships among different life forms. Since natural products in the form of specialized secondary metabolites exhibit biological functions via interactions with specific target proteins, they can provide a simultaneous glimpse of both new therapeutics and therapeutic targets in humans as well. In this review, we have discussed the innate role of natural products in the ecosystem and how this intrinsic role provides a futuristic opportunity to identify new drugs and therapeutic targets rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patil Shivprasad Suresh
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Surekha Kumari
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Drug Discovery Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Groffen T, Kuijper N, Oden S, Willems T, Bervoets L, Prinsen E. Growth Hormones in Broad Bean ( Vicia faba L.) and Radish ( Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus L.) Are Associated with Accumulated Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Substances. TOXICS 2023; 11:922. [PMID: 37999574 PMCID: PMC10674852 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we grew radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus L.) and broad beans (Vicia faba L.) in a greenhouse on soils spiked with a mixture of 15 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and investigated the association between accumulated ∑PFAS concentrations, growth, and hormone levels. Short-chained PFASs dominated aboveground tissues, whereas long-chained PFASs were most abundant in the plant roots. Our results showed that the presence or absence of exodermal Casparian strips, as well as the hydrophobicity and anion exchange capacities of PFASs, could explain the translocation of PFASs within plants. Significant associations found between accumulated PFAS concentrations and levels of gibberellins (GA1 and GA15), methionine, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) imply potential effects of PFASs on plant development and growth. This study provides the first evidence of associations between PFAS accumulation in plants and growth hormone levels, possibly leading to growth reduction of the apical dome and effects on the cell cycle in pericycle cells and methionine metabolism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimo Groffen
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (N.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Niels Kuijper
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (N.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Sevgi Oden
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRes), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.O.); (T.W.); (E.P.)
| | - Tim Willems
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRes), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.O.); (T.W.); (E.P.)
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (N.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Els Prinsen
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRes), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.O.); (T.W.); (E.P.)
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Zemaitis KJ, Lin VS, Ahkami AH, Winkler TE, Anderton CR, Veličković D. Expanded Coverage of Phytocompounds by Mass Spectrometry Imaging Using On-Tissue Chemical Derivatization by 4-APEBA. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12701-12709. [PMID: 37594382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Probing the entirety of any species metabolome is an analytical grand challenge, especially on a cellular scale. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a common spatial metabolomics assay, but this technique has limited molecular coverage for several reasons. To expand the application space of spatial metabolomics, we developed an on-tissue chemical derivatization (OTCD) workflow using 4-APEBA for the confident identification of several dozen elusive phytocompounds. Overall, this new OTCD method enabled the annotation of roughly 280 metabolites, with only a 10% overlap in metabolic coverage when compared to analog negative ion mode MALDI-MSI on serial sections. We demonstrate that 4-APEBA outperforms other derivatization agents by providing: (1) broad specificity toward carbonyls, (2) low background, and (3) introduction of bromine isotopes. Notably, the latter two attributes also facilitate more confidence in our bioinformatics for data processing. The workflow detailed here trailblazes a path toward spatial hormonomics within plant samples, enhancing the detection of carboxylates, aldehydes, and plausibly other carbonyls. As such, several phytohormones, which have various roles within stress responses and cellular communication, can now be spatially profiled, as demonstrated in poplar root and soybean root nodule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Zemaitis
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Vivian S Lin
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Amir H Ahkami
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Tanya E Winkler
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Christopher R Anderton
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Dušan Veličković
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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9
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Park MH, Yang HJ, Malka SK. Hormonal regulation of ethylene response factors in tomato during storage and distribution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1197776. [PMID: 37448864 PMCID: PMC10338070 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1197776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Ethylene response factors (ERFs) play a critical role in regulating hormone interactions that affect the shelf life of tomatoes. Understanding their regulation during storage and distribution can be highly beneficial. Methods This study examined the effects of treatment with ethylene (ET), brassinosteroid (BR), auxin (AUX), and gibberellin (GA) on fruit ripening and the expression of 18 ripening-associated ERFs in tomato stored at 20°C (room temperature) for 10 d or 4°C (cold storage) for 14 d followed by 2 d at 20°C (retailer conditions). Results The results showed that ripening was accelerated by ET and BR but was delayed by AUX and GA at room temperature. Cold storage delayed ripening in all groups, with ET and GA treatments showing the highest and lowest a* values, respectively. The effects of hormone treatment were consistent with room temperature when the fruits were transferred from cold storage to retail conditions. At room temperature, ERFs responsive to ET (ERF.B1, B2, B6, E2, and F1) and BR (ERF.E5, F2, and F3) were inhibited by AUX. ET-induced genes (ERF.C1, E1, F4, and H7) could be co-regulated by other hormones at cold storage. When the fruits were transferred from cold storage to retailer conditions, ERFs responsive to ET and BR were inhibited by GA. Additionally, ET-responsive ERFs could be inhibited by BR at room temperature, whereas ET could inhibit BR-responsive ERFs at retailer conditions. The same ERFs that were regulated by ET at room temperature were instead regulated by BR under retailer conditions, and vice versa. Discussion These findings can help provide a better understanding of the complex hormone interactions regulating the postharvest physiology of tomato and in maintaining its quality and shelf life during storage and distribution.
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10
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Sands LB, Haiden SR, Ma Y, Berkowitz GA. Hormonal control of promoter activities of Cannabis sativa prenyltransferase 1 and 4 and salicylic acid mediated regulation of cannabinoid biosynthesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8620. [PMID: 37244890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa aromatic prenyltransferase 4 (CsPT4) and 1 (CsPT1) have been shown to catalyze cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) biosynthesis, a step that rate-limits the cannabinoid biosynthetic pathway; both genes are highly expressed in flowers. CsPT4 and CsPT1 promoter driven β-glucuronidase (GUS) activities were detected in leaves of cannabis seedlings, and strong CsPT4 promoter activities were associated with glandular trichomes. Hormonal regulation of cannabinoid biosynthetic genes is poorly understood. An in silico analysis of the promoters identified putative hormone responsive elements. Our work examines hormone-responsive elements in the promoters of CsPT4 and CsPT1 in the context of physiological responses of the pathway to the hormone in planta. Dual luciferase assays confirmed the regulation of promoter activities by the hormones. Further studies with salicylic acid (SA) demonstrated that SA pretreatment increased the expression of genes located downstream of the cannabinoid biosynthetic pathway. The results from all aspects of this study demonstrated an interaction between certain hormones and cannabinoid synthesis. The work provides information relevant to plant biology, as we present evidence demonstrating correlations between molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression and influence plant chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Sands
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-4163, USA
- SafeTiva Labs, Westfield, MA, 01085, USA
| | - Samuel R Haiden
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-4163, USA
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-4163, USA.
| | - Gerald A Berkowitz
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-4163, USA.
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11
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Szeliga M, Bakera B, Święcicka M, Tyrka M, Rakoczy-Trojanowska M. Identification of candidate genes responsible for chasmogamy in wheat. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:170. [PMID: 37016302 PMCID: PMC10074802 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The flowering biology of wheat plants favours self-pollination which causes obstacles in wheat hybrid breeding. Wheat flowers can be divided into two groups, the first one is characterized by flowering and pollination within closed flowers (cleistogamy), while the second one possesses the ability to open flowers during processes mentioned above (chasmogamy). The swelling of lodicules is involved in the flowering of cereals and among others their morphology, calcium and potassium content differentiate between cleistogamic and non-cleistogamous flowers. A better understanding of the chasmogamy mechanism can lead to the development of tools for selection of plants with the desired outcrossing rate. To learn more, the sequencing of transcriptomes (RNA-Seq) and Representational Difference Analysis products (RDA-Seq) were performed to investigate the global transcriptomes of wheat lodicules in two highly chasmogamous (HCH, Piko and Poezja) and two low chasmogamous (LCH, Euforia and KWS Dacanto) varieties at two developmental stages-pre-flowering and early flowering. RESULTS The differentially expressed genes were enriched in five, main pathways: "metabolism", "organismal systems", "genetic information processing", "cellular processes" and "environmental information processing", respectively. Important genes with opposite patterns of regulation between the HCH and LCH lines have been associated with the lodicule development i.e. expression levels of MADS16 and MADS58 genes may be responsible for quantitative differences in chasmogamy level in wheat. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the results provide a new insight into lodicules involvement in the wheat flowering process. This study generated important genomic information to support the exploitation of the chasmogamy in wheat hybrid breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szeliga
- Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 12, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Beata Bakera
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa Street 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Święcicka
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Tyrka
- Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 12, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
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Perveen N, Dinesh MR, Sankaran M, Ravishankar KV, Krishnajee HG, Hanur VS, Alamri S, Kesawat MS, Irfan M. Comparative transcriptome analysis provides novel insights into molecular response of salt-tolerant and sensitive polyembryonic mango genotypes to salinity stress at seedling stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1152485. [PMID: 37123820 PMCID: PMC10141464 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1152485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Increased soil salinity in the recent years has adversely affected the productivity of mango globally. Extending the cultivation of mango in salt affected regions warrants the use of salinity tolerant/resistant rootstocks. However, the lack of sufficient genomic and transcriptomic information impedes comprehensive research at the molecular level. Method We employed RNA sequencing-based transcriptome analysis to gain insight into molecular response to salt stress by using two polyembryonic mango genotypes with contrasting response to salt stress viz., salt tolerant Turpentine and salt susceptible Mylepelian. Results RNA sequencing by Novaseq6000 resulted in a total of 2795088, 17535948, 7813704 and 5544894 clean reads in Mylepelian treated (MT), Mylepelian control (MC), Turpentine treated (TT) and Turpentine control (TC) respectively. In total, 7169 unigenes annotated against all the five public databases, including NR, NT, PFAM, KOG, Swissport, KEGG and GO. Further, maximum number of differentially expressed genes were found between MT and MC (2106) followed by MT vs TT (1158) and TT and TC (587). The differentially expressed genes under different treatment levels included transcription factors (bZIP, NAC, bHLH), genes involved in Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), ABA biosynthesis, Photosynthesis etc. Expression of few of these genes was experimentally validated through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and contrasting expression pattern of Auxin Response Factor 2 (ARF2), Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) and CDPK genes were observed between Turpentine and Mylepelian. Discussion The results of this study will be useful in understanding the molecular mechanism underlying salt tolerance in mango which can serve as valuable baseline information to generate new targets in mango breeding for salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Perveen
- Division of Fruit Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lakepost, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- *Correspondence: Nusrat Perveen, ; K. V. Ravishankar,
| | - M. R. Dinesh
- Division of Fruit Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lakepost, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M. Sankaran
- Division of Fruit Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lakepost, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K. V. Ravishankar
- Division of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lakepost, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- *Correspondence: Nusrat Perveen, ; K. V. Ravishankar,
| | - Hara Gopal Krishnajee
- Division of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lakepost, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vageeshbabu S. Hanur
- Division of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lakepost, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Irfan
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Mehbub H, Akter A, Akter MA, Mandal MSH, Hoque MA, Tuleja M, Mehraj H. Tissue Culture in Ornamentals: Cultivation Factors, Propagation Techniques, and Its Application. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233208. [PMID: 36501247 PMCID: PMC9736077 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ornamentals come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors to suit a wide range of climates, landscapes, and gardening needs. Compared to demand, a shortage of plant materials and diversity force the search for solutions for their constant acquisition and improvement to increase their commercial value, respectively. In vitro cultures are a suitable solution to meet expectations using callus culture, somatic embryogenesis, protoplast culture, and the organogenesis of protocorm-like bodies; many of these techniques are commercially practiced. Factors such as culture media, explants, carbohydrates, plant growth regulators, and light are associated with the success of in vitro propagation. Techniques, especially embryo rescue and somatic hybridization, are widely used to improve ornamentals. The development of synthetic seed allows season-independent seed production and preservation in the long term. Despite the advantages of propagation and the improvement of ornamentals, many barriers still need to be resolved. In contrast to propagation and crop developmental studies, there is also a high scope for molecular studies, especially epigenetic changes caused by plant tissue culture of ornamentals. In this review, we have accumulated and discussed an overall update on cultivation factors, propagation techniques in ornamental plant tissue culture, in vitro plant improvement techniques, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Mehbub
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8556, Japan
| | - Ayasha Akter
- Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Arjina Akter
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | | | - Md. Ashraful Hoque
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Monika Tuleja
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Hasan Mehraj
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Correspondence: or
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14
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Xu S, Han W, Cao K, Li B, Zheng C, Xie K, Li W, He L. Knockdown of NtCPS2 promotes plant growth and reduces drought tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:968738. [PMID: 36426146 PMCID: PMC9679219 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.968738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the primary environmental stress factors that gravely threaten crop growth, development, and yields. After drought stress, plants can regulate the content and proportion of various hormones to adjust their growth and development, and in some cases to minimize the adverse effects of drought stress. In our previous study, the tobacco cis-abienol synthesis gene (NtCPS2) was found to affect hormone synthesis in tobacco plants. Unfortunately, the role of NtCPS2 genes in the response to abiotic stress has not yet been investigated. Here, we present data supporting the role of NtCPS2 genes in drought stress and the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. NtCPS2 gene expression was induced by polyethylene glycol, high-temperature, and virus treatments. The results of subcellular localization showed that NtCPS2 was localized in the cell membrane. The NtCPS2-knockdown plants exhibited higher levels of gibberellin (GA) content and synthesis pathway genes expression but lower abscisic acid (ABA) content and synthesis pathway genes expression in response to drought stress. In addition, the transgenic tobacco lines showed higher leaf water loss and electrolyte loss, lower soluble protein and reactive oxygen species content (ROS), and lower antioxidant enzyme activity after drought treatment compared to wild type plants (WT). In summary, NtCPS2 positively regulates drought stress tolerance possibly by modulating the ratio of GA to ABA, which was confirmed by evidence of related phenotypic and physiological indicators. This study may provide evidence for the feedback regulation of hormone to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiao Xu
- Henan Agricultural University, College Tobacco Science, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Henan, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenlong Han
- Henan Agricultural University, College Tobacco Science, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Henan, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Henan Agricultural University, College Tobacco Science, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Henan, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bo Li
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industry Co, Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Zheng
- Fujian Tobacco Corporation Nanping Company, Nanping, Fujian, China
| | - Ke Xie
- Fujian Tobacco Corporation Nanping Company, Nanping, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Li
- Fujian Tobacco Corporation Nanping Company, Nanping, Fujian, China
| | - Lingxiao He
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System & Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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15
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Transcriptome Analysis to Identify Genes Related to Flowering Reversion in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168992. [PMID: 36012256 PMCID: PMC9409316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowering reversion is a common phenomenon in plant development in which differentiated floral organs switch from reproductive growth to vegetative growth and ultimately form abnormal floral organs or vegetative organs. This greatly reduces tomato yield and quality. Research on this phenomenon has recently increased, but there is a lack of research at the molecular and gene expression levels. Here, transcriptomic analyses of the inflorescence meristem were performed in two kinds of materials at different developmental stages, and a total of 3223 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened according to the different developmental stages and trajectories of the two materials. The analysis of database annotations showed that these DEGs were closely related to starch and sucrose metabolism, DNA replication and modification, plant hormone synthesis and signal transduction. It was further speculated that tomato flowering reversion may be related to various biological processes, such as cell signal transduction, energy metabolism and protein post-transcriptional regulation. Combined with the results of previous studies, our work showed that the gene expression levels of CLE9, FA, PUCHI, UF, CLV3, LOB30, SFT, S-WOX9 and SVP were significantly different in the two materials. Endogenous hormone analysis and exogenous hormone treatment revealed a variety of plant hormones involved in flowering reversion in tomato. Thus, tomato flowering reversion was studied comprehensively by transcriptome analysis for the first time, providing new insights for the study of flower development regulation in tomato and other plants.
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16
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Integrative Analyses of Transcriptomes and Metabolomes Reveal Associated Genes and Metabolites with Flowering Regulation in Common Vetch ( Vicia sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126818. [PMID: 35743262 PMCID: PMC9224626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important source of protein for livestock and human consumption, Vicia sativa is cultivated worldwide, but its seed production is hampered at high altitudes because of the short frost-free period. Flowering represents the transition from a vegetative to a reproductive period, and early flowering benefits plant seed production at high altitudes. However, the molecular mechanisms of flowering regulation in V. sativa remain elusive. In the present study, two V. sativa accessions with different flowering characteristics were used: Lan3 (early-flowering) was cultivated by our laboratory, and 503 (late-flowering) was selected from 222 V. sativa accessions after three years of field experiments. The shoot samples (shoot tip length = 10 cm) of these two accessions were collected 63, 70, and 77 days after sowing, and the molecular regulatory mechanism of the flowering process was identified by integrative analyses of the transcriptomes and metabolomes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment showed that the synthesis and signal transduction of plant hormone pathways were the most enriched pathways in 4274 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and in 259 differential metabolites between Lan3 and 503. Moreover, the contents of three metabolites related to salicylic acid biosynthesis and the transcription levels of two DEGs related to salicylic acid signal transduction in Lan3 were higher than those in 503. Further verification in various accessions indicated that salicylic acid metabolism may be involved in the flowering regulation process of V. sativa. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the flowering mechanism and for promoting breeding research in V. sativa.
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17
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Qu K, Cheng Y, Gao K, Ren W, Fry EL, Yin J, Liu Y. Growth-Defense Trade-Offs Induced by Long-term Overgrazing Could Act as a Stress Memory. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:917354. [PMID: 35720531 PMCID: PMC9201768 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.917354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Long-term overgrazing (OG) is one of the key drivers of global grassland degradation with severe loss of productivity and ecosystem functions, which may result in stress memory such as smaller stature of grassland plants. However, how the OG-induced stress memory could be regulated by phytohormones is unknown. In this study, we investigated the changes of four phytohormones of cloned offspring of Leymus chinensis that were developed from no-grazing (NG) plants and OG plants with a grazing history of 30 years. The concentrations of auxin (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA) in OG plant leaves were 45% and 20% lower than control, respectively. Meanwhile, the level of abscisic acid (ABA) in OG leaves nearly doubled compared with that in NG leaves. The situation was quite similar in roots. Unexpectedly, no significant changes in the jasmonic acid (JA) level were observed between OG and NG plants. The changes in gene expression patterns between OG and NG plants were also investigated by transcriptomic analysis. In total, 302 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between OG and NG plants, which were mainly classified into the functions of synthesis, receptor, and signal transduction processes of phytohormones. The expression of 24 key genes related to the biosynthesis and signal transduction of IAA and GA was downregulated in OG plants. Among them, OASA1 and AO1 (regulating the biosynthesis of IAA and ABA, respectively) were reduced significantly by 88 and 92%, respectively. In addition, the content of secondary metabolites related to plant defense such as flavonoids and phenols was also increased in leaves. Taken together, the decrease of positive plant growth-related hormones (IAA and GA) together with the increase of plant stress-related hormones or factors (ABA, flavonoids, and phenols) induced the growth-defense trade-offs for L. chinensis adaptation to long-term OG stress. The findings reported in this study shed new light on the mechanism of plant-animal interaction in the grassland ecosystem and provide a deeper insight into optimizing grazing management and sustainable utilization of grassland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairi Qu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yunxiang Cheng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Kairu Gao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Weibo Ren
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ellen L. Fry
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Jingjing Yin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Inner Mongolia Mongolian Grass Seed Industry Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
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Boualem A, Berthet S, Devani RS, Camps C, Fleurier S, Morin H, Troadec C, Giovinazzo N, Sari N, Dogimont C, Bendahmane A. Ethylene plays a dual role in sex determination and fruit shape in cucurbits. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2390-2401.e4. [PMID: 35525245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Shapes of vegetables and fruits are the result of adaptive evolution and human selection. Modules controlling organ shape have been identified. However, little is known about signals coordinating organ development and shape. Here, we describe the characterization of a melon mutation rf1, leading to round fruit. Histological analysis of rf1 flower and fruits revealed fruit shape is determined at flower stage 8, after sex determination and before flower fertilization. Using positional cloning, we identified the causal gene as the monoecy sex determination gene CmACS7, and survey of melon germplasms showed strong association between fruit shape and sexual types. We show that CmACS7-mediated ethylene production in carpel primordia enhances cell expansion and represses cell division, leading to elongated fruit. Cell size is known to rise as a result of endoreduplication. At stage 8 and anthesis, we found no variation in ploidy levels between female and hermaphrodite flowers, ruling out endoreduplication as a factor in fruit shape determination. To pinpoint the gene networks controlling elongated versus round fruit phenotype, we analyzed the transcriptomes of laser capture microdissected carpels of wild-type and rf1 mutant. These high-resolution spatiotemporal gene expression dynamics revealed the implication of two regulatory modules. The first module implicates E2F-DP transcription factors, controlling cell elongation versus cell division. The second module implicates OVATE- and TRM5-related proteins, controlling cell division patterns. Our finding highlights the dual role of ethylene in the inhibition of the stamina development and the elongation of ovary and fruit in cucurbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnane Boualem
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Serge Berthet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Ravi Sureshbhai Devani
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Celine Camps
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Sebastien Fleurier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Halima Morin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Christelle Troadec
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Nathalie Giovinazzo
- INRAE GAFL, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet, France
| | - Nebahat Sari
- INRAE GAFL, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet, France
| | - Catherine Dogimont
- INRAE GAFL, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet, France
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France.
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Kumar S, Choudhary AK, Suyal DC, Makarana G, Goel R. Leveraging arsenic resistant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for arsenic abatement in crops. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127965. [PMID: 34894510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a toxic metalloid categorized under class 1 carcinogen and is detrimental to both plants and animals. Agricultural land in several countries is contaminated with arsenic, resulting in its accumulation in food grains. Increasing global food demand has made it essential to explore neglected lands like arsenic-contaminated lands for crop production. This has posed a severe threat to both food safety and security. Exploration of arsenic-resistant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an environment-friendly approach that holds promise for both plant growth promotion and arsenic amelioration in food grains. However, their real-time performance is dependent upon several biotic and abiotic factors. Therefore, a detailed analysis of associated mechanisms and constraints becomes inevitable to explore the full potential of available arsenic-resistant PGPR germplasm. Authors in this review have highlighted the role and constraints of arsenic-resistant PGPR in reducing the arsenic toxicity in food crops, besides providing the details of arsenic transport in food grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar
- ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna 800014, Bihar, India
| | | | - Deep Chandra Suyal
- Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, 173101, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Govind Makarana
- ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna 800014, Bihar, India
| | - Reeta Goel
- GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
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20
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Li M, Zhu Y, Li S, Zhang W, Yin C, Lin Y. Regulation of Phytohormones on the Growth and Development of Plant Root Hair. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:865302. [PMID: 35401627 PMCID: PMC8988291 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.865302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The tubular-shaped unicellular extensions of plant epidermal cells known as root hairs are important components of plant roots and play crucial roles in absorbing nutrients and water and in responding to stress. The growth and development of root hair include, mainly, fate determination of root hair cells, root hair initiation, and root hair elongation. Phytohormones play important regulatory roles as signal molecules in the growth and development of root hair. In this review, we describe the regulatory roles of auxin, ethylene (ETH), jasmonate (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), strigolactone (SL), cytokinin (CK), and brassinosteroid (BR) in the growth and development of plant root hairs. Auxin, ETH, and CK play positive regulation while BR plays negative regulation in the fate determination of root hair cells; Auxin, ETH, JA, CK, and ABA play positive regulation while BR plays negative regulation in the root hair initiation; Auxin, ETH, CK, and JA play positive regulation while BR, GA, and ABA play negative regulation in the root hair elongation. Phytohormones regulate root hair growth and development mainly by regulating transcription of root hair associated genes, including WEREWOLF (WER), GLABRA2 (GL2), CAPRICE (CPC), and HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 (RHD6). Auxin and ETH play vital roles in this regulation, with JA, ABA, SL, and BR interacting with auxin and ETH to regulate further the growth and development of root hairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanchun Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Susu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changxi Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Changxi Yin,
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Kanojia A, Shrestha DK, Dijkwel PP. Primary metabolic processes as drivers of leaf ageing. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6351-6364. [PMID: 34279698 PMCID: PMC8558203 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ageing in plants is a highly coordinated and complex process that starts with the birth of the plant or plant organ and ends with its death. A vivid manifestation of the final stage of leaf ageing is exemplified by the autumn colours of deciduous trees. Over the past decades, technological advances have allowed plant ageing to be studied on a systems biology level, by means of multi-omics approaches. Here, we review some of these studies and argue that these provide strong support for basic metabolic processes as drivers for ageing. In particular, core cellular processes that control the metabolism of chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, DNA and reactive oxygen species correlate with leaf ageing. However, while multi-omics studies excel at identifying correlative processes and pathways, molecular genetic approaches can provide proof that such processes and pathways control ageing, by means of knock-out and ectopic expression of predicted regulatory genes. Therefore, we also review historic and current molecular evidence to directly test the hypotheses unveiled by the systems biology approaches. We found that the molecular genetic approaches, by and large, confirm the multi-omics-derived hypotheses with notable exceptions, where there is scant evidence that chlorophyll and DNA metabolism are important drivers of leaf ageing. We present a model that summarises the core cellular processes that drive leaf ageing and propose that developmental processes are tightly linked to primary metabolism to inevitably lead to ageing and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakansha Kanojia
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Ruski 139 Blvd., Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Deny K Shrestha
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Paul P Dijkwel
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Nadarajah K, Abdul Rahman NSN. Plant-Microbe Interaction: Aboveground to Belowground, from the Good to the Bad. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910388. [PMID: 34638728 PMCID: PMC8508622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil health and fertility issues are constantly addressed in the agricultural industry. Through the continuous and prolonged use of chemical heavy agricultural systems, most agricultural lands have been impacted, resulting in plateaued or reduced productivity. As such, to invigorate the agricultural industry, we would have to resort to alternative practices that will restore soil health and fertility. Therefore, in recent decades, studies have been directed towards taking a Magellan voyage of the soil rhizosphere region, to identify the diversity, density, and microbial population structure of the soil, and predict possible ways to restore soil health. Microbes that inhabit this region possess niche functions, such as the stimulation or promotion of plant growth, disease suppression, management of toxicity, and the cycling and utilization of nutrients. Therefore, studies should be conducted to identify microbes or groups of organisms that have assigned niche functions. Based on the above, this article reviews the aboveground and below-ground microbiomes, their roles in plant immunity, physiological functions, and challenges and tools available in studying these organisms. The information collected over the years may contribute toward future applications, and in designing sustainable agriculture.
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Wang Y, Duan G, Li C, Ma X, Yang J. Application of jasmonic acid at the stage of visible brown necrotic spots in Magnaporthe oryzae infection as a novel and environment-friendly control strategy for rice blast disease. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:743-752. [PMID: 33417037 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast disease is one of the most common rice diseases worldwide. It is essential to improve disease resistance through environment-friendly methods, while maintaining yield and quality parameters. In this study, jasmonic acid (JA), a plant hormone with anti-fungal activity, was obtained, at both low (100 μmol/L) and high (400 μmol/L) concentrations in rice leaves, before, during, and after infection, respectively. JA could inhibit germination and appressorium formation of rice blast spores in a dose-dependent manner. A total of 400-μmol/L JA treatment significantly enhanced cell viability and endogenous JA level in rice leaves. Furthermore, rice leaves inoculated with Magnaporthe oryzae and sprayed with JA 72 h post-inoculation showed the maximum symptom relief and the highest endogenous JA production among all treatment approaches. The expressions of defense-related genes, OsPR10a and OsAOS2, were highly up-regulated in response to JA, whereas OsEDS1 was down-regulated. Hence, we revealed that exogenous JA could activate JA signaling to effectively control the symptoms of rice blast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Northern suburb, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guihua Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Northern suburb, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunqin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Northern suburb, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Northern suburb, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Northern suburb, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
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Saidi A, Hajibarat Z. Phytohormones: plant switchers in developmental and growth stages in potato. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:89. [PMID: 34142228 PMCID: PMC8211815 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potato is one of the most important food crops worldwide, contributing key nutrients to the human diet. Plant hormones act as vital switchers in the regulation of various aspects of developmental and growth stages in potato. Due to the broad impacts of hormones on many developmental processes, their role in potato growth and developmental stages has been investigated. This review presents a description of hormonal basic pathways, various interconnections between hormonal network and reciprocal relationships, and clarification of molecular events underlying potato growth. In the last decade, new findings have emerged regarding their function during sprout development, vegetative growth, tuber initiation, tuber development, and maturation in potato. Hormones can control the regulation of various aspects of growth and development in potato, either individually or in combination with other hormones. The molecular characterization of interplay between cytokinins (CKs), abscisic acid (ABA), and auxin and/or gibberellins (GAs) during tuber formation requires further undertaking. Recently, new evidences regarding the relative functions of hormones during various stages and an intricate network of several hormones controlling potato tuber formation are emerging. Although some aspects of their functions are widely covered, remarkable breaks in our knowledge and insights yet exist in the regulation of hormonal networks and their interactions during different stages of growth and various aspects of tuber formation. SHORT CONCLUSION The present review focuses on the relative roles of hormones during various developmental stages with a view to recognize their mechanisms of function in potato tuber development. For better insight, relevant evidences available on hormonal interaction during tuber development in other species are also described. We predict that the present review highlights some of the conceptual developments in the interplay of hormones and their associated downstream events influencing tuber formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Saidi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Hajibarat
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Hu XL, Lu H, Hassan MM, Zhang J, Yuan G, Abraham PE, Shrestha HK, Villalobos Solis MI, Chen JG, Tschaplinski TJ, Doktycz MJ, Tuskan GA, Cheng ZMM, Yang X. Advances and perspectives in discovery and functional analysis of small secreted proteins in plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:130. [PMID: 34059650 PMCID: PMC8167165 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Small secreted proteins (SSPs) are less than 250 amino acids in length and are actively transported out of cells through conventional protein secretion pathways or unconventional protein secretion pathways. In plants, SSPs have been found to play important roles in various processes, including plant growth and development, plant response to abiotic and biotic stresses, and beneficial plant-microbe interactions. Over the past 10 years, substantial progress has been made in the identification and functional characterization of SSPs in several plant species relevant to agriculture, bioenergy, and horticulture. Yet, there are potentially a lot of SSPs that have not been discovered in plant genomes, which is largely due to limitations of existing computational algorithms. Recent advances in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics research, as well as the development of new computational algorithms based on machine learning, provide unprecedented capabilities for genome-wide discovery of novel SSPs in plants. In this review, we summarize known SSPs and their functions in various plant species. Then we provide an update on the computational and experimental approaches that can be used to discover new SSPs. Finally, we discuss strategies for elucidating the biological functions of SSPs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Hu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Haiwei Lu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoliang Yuan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Paul E Abraham
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Him K Shrestha
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Department of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Timothy J Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Mitchel J Doktycz
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Gerald A Tuskan
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Zong-Ming Max Cheng
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
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SA-Mediated Regulation and Control of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115591. [PMID: 34070465 PMCID: PMC8197520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental or abiotic stresses are a common threat that remains a constant and common challenge to all plants. These threats whether singular or in combination can have devastating effects on plants. As a semiaquatic plant, rice succumbs to the same threats. Here we systematically look into the involvement of salicylic acid (SA) in the regulation of abiotic stress in rice. Studies have shown that the level of endogenous salicylic acid (SA) is high in rice compared to any other plant species. The reason behind this elevated level and the contribution of this molecule towards abiotic stress management and other underlying mechanisms remains poorly understood in rice. In this review we will address various abiotic stresses that affect the biochemistry and physiology of rice and the role played by SA in its regulation. Further, this review will elucidate the potential mechanisms that control SA-mediated stress tolerance in rice, leading to future prospects and direction for investigation.
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Transcriptome analysis of the impact of exogenous methyl jasmonate on the opening of sorghum florets. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248962. [PMID: 33788892 PMCID: PMC8011725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) could promote the opening of sorghum florets, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Objective We aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of exogenous MeJA in promoting the opening of sorghum florets. Methods Hybrid sorghum Aikang-8 was selected as the test material in this study. Sorghum plants of uniform growth with approximately 20%-25% florets open were selected and treated with 0, 0.5 and 2.0 mmol/L of MeJA. Totally there were 27 samples with lodicules removed were obtained at different time points and used for the transcriptome analysis using the BGISEQ_500RS platform. Results The results showed the sorghum florets opened earlier than the control after the treatment with exogenous MeJA, and the promotive effect increased along with the increase of exogenous MeJA concentration. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in plasma cells increased with the increase of MeJA concentration, whether up- or down-regulated, after the exogenous MeJA treatment. Besides, the number of metabolic pathways was also positively correlated with the concentration of MeJA. GO and KEGG analysis suggested the DEGs were mainly enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism-related pathways (i.e., LOC8063704, LOC8083539 and LOC8056206), plant hormone signal transduction pathways (i.e., LOC8084842, LOC8072010, and LOC8057408), energy metabolic pathway (i.e., LOC8076139) and the α-linolenic acid metabolic pathway (i.e., LOC8055636, LOC8057399, LOC8063048 and LOC110430730). Functional analysis of target genes showed that two genes named LOC-1 (LOC8063704) and LOC-2 (LOC8076139) could induce the earlier flowering of Arabidopsis thaliana. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that exogenous MeJA treatments could induce the up- or down- regulation of genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism, -linolenic acid metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction pathways in the plasma cells of sorghum florets, thereby promoting the opening of sorghum florets.
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Zluhan-Martínez E, López-Ruíz BA, García-Gómez ML, García-Ponce B, de la Paz Sánchez M, Álvarez-Buylla ER, Garay-Arroyo A. Integrative Roles of Phytohormones on Cell Proliferation, Elongation and Differentiation in the Arabidopsis thaliana Primary Root. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:659155. [PMID: 33981325 PMCID: PMC8107238 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.659155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The growth of multicellular organisms relies on cell proliferation, elongation and differentiation that are tightly regulated throughout development by internal and external stimuli. The plasticity of a growth response largely depends on the capacity of the organism to adjust the ratio between cell proliferation and cell differentiation. The primary root of Arabidopsis thaliana offers many advantages toward understanding growth homeostasis as root cells are continuously produced and move from cell proliferation to elongation and differentiation that are processes spatially separated and could be studied along the longitudinal axis. Hormones fine tune plant growth responses and a huge amount of information has been recently generated on the role of these compounds in Arabidopsis primary root development. In this review, we summarized the participation of nine hormones in the regulation of the different zones and domains of the Arabidopsis primary root. In some cases, we found synergism between hormones that function either positively or negatively in proliferation, elongation or differentiation. Intriguingly, there are other cases where the interaction between hormones exhibits unexpected results. Future analysis on the molecular mechanisms underlying crosstalk hormone action in specific zones and domains will unravel their coordination over PR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estephania Zluhan-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Brenda Anabel López-Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mónica L. García-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Berenice García-Ponce
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María de la Paz Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elena R. Álvarez-Buylla
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana Garay-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Adriana Garay-Arroyo,
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Vega-Muñoz I, Duran-Flores D, Fernández-Fernández ÁD, Heyman J, Ritter A, Stael S. Breaking Bad News: Dynamic Molecular Mechanisms of Wound Response in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:610445. [PMID: 33363562 PMCID: PMC7752953 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.610445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Recognition and repair of damaged tissue are an integral part of life. The failure of cells and tissues to appropriately respond to damage can lead to severe dysfunction and disease. Therefore, it is essential that we understand the molecular pathways of wound recognition and response. In this review, we aim to provide a broad overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the fate of damaged cells and damage recognition in plants. Damaged cells release the so-called damage associated molecular patterns to warn the surrounding tissue. Local signaling through calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hormones, such as jasmonic acid, activates defense gene expression and local reinforcement of cell walls to seal off the wound and prevent evaporation and pathogen colonization. Depending on the severity of damage, Ca2+, ROS, and electrical signals can also spread throughout the plant to elicit a systemic defense response. Special emphasis is placed on the spatiotemporal dimension in order to obtain a mechanistic understanding of wound signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Vega-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Dalia Duran-Flores
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Álvaro Daniel Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jefri Heyman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrés Ritter
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Stael
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
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Hornyák M, Słomka A, Sychta K, Dziurka M, Kopeć P, Pastuszak J, Szczerba A, Płażek A. Reducing Flower Competition for Assimilates by Half Results in Higher Yield of Fagopyrum esculentum. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238953. [PMID: 33255746 PMCID: PMC7728371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite abundant flowering throughout the season, common buckwheat develops a very low number of kernels probably due to competition for assimilates. We hypothesized that plants with a shorter flowering period may give a higher seed yield. To verify the hypothesis, we studied nutrient stress in vitro and in planta and analyzed different embryological and yield parameters, including hormone profile in the flowers. In vitro cultivated flowers on media with strongly reduced nutrient content demonstrated a drastic increase in degenerated embryo sacs. In in planta experiments, where 50% or 75% of flowers or all lateral ramifications were removed, the reduction of the flower competition by half turned out to be the most promising treatment for improving yield. This treatment increased the frequency of properly developed embryo sacs, the average number of mature seeds per plant, and their mass. Strong seed compensation under 50% inflorescence removal could result from increased production of salicylic and jasmonic acid that both favor more effective pollinator attraction. Plants in single-shoot cultivation finished their vegetation earlier, and they demonstrated greater single seed mass per plant than in control. This result suggests that plants of common buckwheat with shorter blooming period could deliver higher seed yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Hornyák
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.H.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Aneta Słomka
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(126)-645-020
| | - Klaudia Sychta
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Michał Dziurka
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Przemysław Kopeć
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Jakub Pastuszak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.H.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Szczerba
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.H.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Płażek
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.H.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
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Góralska M, Bińkowski J, Lenarczyk N, Bienias A, Grądzielewska A, Czyczyło-Mysza I, Kapłoniak K, Stojałowski S, Myśków B. How Machine Learning Methods Helped Find Putative Rye Wax Genes Among GBS Data. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7501. [PMID: 33053706 PMCID: PMC7593958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard approach to genetic mapping was supplemented by machine learning (ML) to establish the location of the rye gene associated with epicuticular wax formation (glaucous phenotype). Over 180 plants of the biparental F2 population were genotyped with the DArTseq (sequencing-based diversity array technology). A maximum likelihood (MLH) algorithm (JoinMap 5.0) and three ML algorithms: logistic regression (LR), random forest and extreme gradient boosted trees (XGBoost), were used to select markers closely linked to the gene encoding wax layer. The allele conditioning the nonglaucous appearance of plants, derived from the cultivar Karlikovaja Zelenostebelnaja, was mapped at the chromosome 2R, which is the first report on this localization. The DNA sequence of DArT-Silico 3585843, closely linked to wax segregation detected by using ML methods, was indicated as one of the candidates controlling the studied trait. The putative gene encodes the ABCG11 transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Góralska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West-Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, ul. Słowackiego 17, 71–434 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (J.B.); (N.L.); (A.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Jan Bińkowski
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West-Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, ul. Słowackiego 17, 71–434 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (J.B.); (N.L.); (A.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Natalia Lenarczyk
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West-Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, ul. Słowackiego 17, 71–434 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (J.B.); (N.L.); (A.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Anna Bienias
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West-Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, ul. Słowackiego 17, 71–434 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (J.B.); (N.L.); (A.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Grądzielewska
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka, 20–950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ilona Czyczyło-Mysza
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30–239 Kraków, Poland; (I.C.-M.); (K.K.)
| | - Kamila Kapłoniak
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30–239 Kraków, Poland; (I.C.-M.); (K.K.)
| | - Stefan Stojałowski
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West-Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, ul. Słowackiego 17, 71–434 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (J.B.); (N.L.); (A.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Beata Myśków
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West-Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, ul. Słowackiego 17, 71–434 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (J.B.); (N.L.); (A.B.); (S.S.)
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Okada K, Wada M, Takebayashi Y, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Nakayasu M, Mizutani M, Nakajima M, Moriya S, Shimizu T, Abe K. Columnar growth phenotype in apple results from gibberellin deficiency by ectopic expression of a dioxygenase gene. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1205-1216. [PMID: 32333787 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The apple cultivar McIntosh Wijcik, which is a mutant of 'McIntosh', exhibits a columnar growth phenotype (short internodes, few lateral branches, many spurs, etc.) that is controlled by a dominant Co gene. The candidate gene (MdDOX-Co), encoding a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, is located adjacent to an insertion mutation. Non-columnar apples express MdDOX-Co in the roots, whereas columnar apples express MdDOX-Co in the aerial parts as well as in the roots. However, the function of MdDOX-Co remains unknown. Here, we characterized tobacco plants overexpressing MdDOX-Co. The tobacco plants showed the typical dwarf phenotype, which was restored by application of gibberellin A3 (GA3). Moreover, the dwarf tobacco plants had low concentrations of endogenous bioactive gibberellin A1 (GA1) and gibberellin A4 (GA4). Similarly, 'McIntosh Wijcik' contained low endogenous GA4 concentration and its dwarf traits (short main shoot and internodes) were partially reversed by GA3 application. These results indicate that MdDOX-Co is associated with bioactive GA deficiency. Interestingly, GA3 application to apple trees also resulted in an increased number of lateral branches and a decrease in flower bud number, indicating that gibberellin (GA) plays important roles in regulating apple tree architecture by affecting both lateral branch formation (vegetative growth) and flower bud formation (reproductive growth). We propose that a deficiency of bioactive GA by ectopic expression of MdDOX-Co in the aerial parts of columnar apples not only induces dwarf phenotypes but also inhibits lateral branch development and promotes flower bud formation, and assembly of these multiple phenotypes constructs the columnar tree form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Okada
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
| | - Masato Wada
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayasu
- Functional Phytochemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Functional Phytochemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shigeki Moriya
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
| | - Taku Shimizu
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Abe
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
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Liu J, Shi M, Wang J, Zhang B, Li Y, Wang J, El-Sappah AH, Liang Y. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of the Development of Sepal Morphology in Tomato ( Solanum Lycopersicum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165914. [PMID: 32824631 PMCID: PMC7460612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepal is an important component of the tomato flower and fruit that typically protects the flower in bud and functions as a support for petals and fruits. Moreover, sepal appearance influences the commercial property of tomato nowadays. However, the phenotype information and development mechanism of the natural variation of sepal morphology in the tomato is still largely unexplored. To study the developmental mechanism and to determine key genes related to downward sepal in the tomato, we compared the transcriptomes of sepals between downward sepal (dsp) mutation and the wild-type by RNA sequencing and found that the differentially expressed genes were dominantly related to cell expansion, auxin, gibberellins and cytokinin. dsp mutation affected cell size and auxin, and gibberellins and cytokinin contents in sepals. The results showed that cell enlargement or abnormal cell expansion in the adaxial part of sepals in dsp. As reported, auxin, gibberellins and cytokinin were important factors for cell expansion. Hence, dsp mutation regulated cell expansion to control sepal morphology, and auxin, gibberellins and cytokinin may mediate this process. One ARF gene and nine SAUR genes were dramatically upregulated in the sepal of the dsp mutant, whereas seven AUX/IAA genes were significantly downregulated in the sepal of dsp mutant. Further bioinformatic analyses implied that seven AUX/IAA genes might function as negative regulators, while one ARF gene and nine SAUR genes might serve as positive regulators of auxin signal transduction, thereby contributing to cell expansion in dsp sepal. Thus, our data suggest that 17 auxin-responsive genes are involved in downward sepal formation in the tomato. This study provides valuable information for dissecting the molecular mechanism of sepal morphology control in the tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; (J.L.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (A.H.E.-S.)
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources & Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Meijing Shi
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; (J.L.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (A.H.E.-S.)
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources & Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; (J.L.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (A.H.E.-S.)
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources & Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; (J.L.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (A.H.E.-S.)
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources & Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yushun Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; (J.L.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (A.H.E.-S.)
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources & Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; (J.L.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (A.H.E.-S.)
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources & Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ahmed. H. El-Sappah
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; (J.L.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (A.H.E.-S.)
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources & Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; (J.L.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (A.H.E.-S.)
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources & Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-8708-2179
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Iavniuk AA, Shevtsova NL, Gudkov DI. Disorders of the initial ontogenesis of seed progeny of the common reed (Phragmites australis) from water bodies within the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 218:106256. [PMID: 32421577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The peculiarity of seeds germination of the common reed Phragmites australis, which is a cosmopolitan plant and widespread at littoral zone of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone water bodies, was studied. The complex of vitality, physiological and morphological indices of seedling as seed germination, germination energy, seedling survivability and seed vitality, length of initial leaf and root and abnormalities of seedlings were investigated. The current average absorbed dose rate on the reed vegetative plants ranged from 0.05 to 34 μGy h-1. Data demonstrated correlation between dose rate and seed progeny vitality. All investigated indices of the common reed's progeny from impacted water bodies significantly differed from reference ones - viability indices were decreased, seedling growth was slower and number of seedling abnormalities were increased. Logistic regressions were found for growth of seedlings initial root and leaf from impacted sites and mostly exponential and linear for reference ones. An essential abnormalities percentage up to 75% was registered for reed seedlings from the impacted sites. Significance of dormancy for improvement of reed seeds germination from the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Iavniuk
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Safety, Engineering and Technologies, National Aviation University, Kosmonavta Komarova Ave. 1, UA-03058, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - N L Shevtsova
- Department of Aquatic Radioecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Geroyev Stalingrada Ave. 12, UA-04210, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - D I Gudkov
- Department of Aquatic Radioecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Geroyev Stalingrada Ave. 12, UA-04210, Kyiv, Ukraine.
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Yuan Z, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Xu Y, Li S, Guo Y, Jetter R, Ni Y. Exogenous hormones influence Brassica napus leaf cuticular wax deposition and cuticle function. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9264. [PMID: 32547878 PMCID: PMC7276146 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cuticular waxes cover plant surface and play important roles in protecting plants from abiotic and biotic stresses. The variations of wax deposition and chemical compositions under changing environments have been shown to be related to plant adaptations. However, it is still not clear whether the wax depositions could be adjusted to increase plant adaptations to stressed conditions. Methods In this study, exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA), the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and salicylic acid (SA) were applied to test their effects on cuticular wax deposition in two Brassica napus cultivars, Zhongshuang 9 (ZS9, low wax coverage ) and Yuyou 19 (YY19, high wax coverage). Next, we measured the water loss rate and the transcriptional expression of genes involved in wax biosynthesis as well as genes related to disease defense. Results Seven wax compound classes, including fatty acids, aldehydes, alkanes, secondary alcohols, ketones, and unbranched as well as branched primary alcohols, were identified in B. napus leaf wax mixtures. MeJA, SA and ACC treatments had no significant effect on total wax amounts in YY19, whereas ACC reduced total wax amounts in ZS9. Overall, hormone treatments led to an increase in the amounts of aldehydes and ketones, and a decrease of secondary alcohol in ZS9, whereas they led to a decrease of alkane amounts and an increase of secondary alcohol amounts in YY19. Concomitantly, both cultivars also exhibited different changes in cuticle permeability, with leaf water loss rate per 15 min increased from 1.57% (averaged across treatments) at 1.57% (averaged across treatments) at 15 min to 3.12% at 30 min for ZS9 (except for ACC treated plant) and decreased for YY19. MeJA-treated plants of both cultivars relatively had higher water loss rate per 15 min when compared to other treatments. Conclusion. Our findings that B. napus leaf wax composition and cuticle permeability are altered by exogenous SA, MeJA and ACC suggest that the hormone treatments affect wax composition, and that the changes in wax profiles would cause changes in cuticle permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yuan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youwei Jiang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhua Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Reinhard Jetter
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yu Ni
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Liu Y, Sun J, Zhang M, Yang G, Wang R, Xu J, Li Q, Zhang S, Le W, Hao B, Li Y, Wu J. Identification of key genes related to seedlessness by genome-wide detection of structural variation and transcriptome analysis in 'Shijiwuhe' pear. Gene 2020; 738:144480. [PMID: 32081696 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Seedless fruits are highly marketable because they are easier to eat than fruits with seeds. 'Shijiwuhe' is a seedless pear cultivar that is a mutant derived from an F1 hybridization population ('Bartlett' x 'Yali'). Little is known about the key genes controlling seedless pear fruit. In this study, field experiments revealed that seedless 'Shijiwuhe' pear was not due to parthenocarpy, and that it was self-incompatible. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), small insertions and deletions (InDels) and structural variations (SVs) were characterized using DNA sequencing data between 'Shijiwuhe' and parental cultivars. A total of 1498 genes were found to be affected by SV and over 50% of SVs were located in promoter regions. Transcriptome analysis was conducted at three time points (4, 8, and 12 days after cross-pollination) during early fruit development of 'Shijiwuhe', 'Bartlett', and 'Yali'. In total, 1438 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found between 'Shijiwuhe' and parental cultivars 'Bartlett' and 'Yali'. We found 1193 SVs that caused differential expression of genes at 4 DACP. Among them, over 100 genes were in pathways related to seed nutrition and energy storage and 41 candidate genes encoded several important transcription factors, such as MYB, WRKY, NAC, and bHLH, which might play important roles in seed development. The qRT-PCR results also confirmed that the candidate genes with SVs showed differential expression between 'Shijiwuhe' pear and 'Bartlett' or 'Yali'. This study, which combined field experiments, SV detection, and transcriptome analysis might provide an effective way to predict the candidate genes regulating the seedless trait and important gene resources for genetic improvement of pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyuan Liu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jieying Sun
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Guangyan Yang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Runze Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jintao Xu
- Changli Institute of Pomology, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Changli, Hebei 066600, China
| | - Qingyu Li
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Wenquan Le
- Changli Institute of Pomology, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Changli, Hebei 066600, China
| | - Baofeng Hao
- Changli Institute of Pomology, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Changli, Hebei 066600, China
| | - Yuanjun Li
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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Hurný A, Cuesta C, Cavallari N, Ötvös K, Duclercq J, Dokládal L, Montesinos JC, Gallemí M, Semerádová H, Rauter T, Stenzel I, Persiau G, Benade F, Bhalearo R, Sýkorová E, Gorzsás A, Sechet J, Mouille G, Heilmann I, De Jaeger G, Ludwig-Müller J, Benková E. SYNERGISTIC ON AUXIN AND CYTOKININ 1 positively regulates growth and attenuates soil pathogen resistance. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2170. [PMID: 32358503 PMCID: PMC7195429 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants as non-mobile organisms constantly integrate varying environmental signals to flexibly adapt their growth and development. Local fluctuations in water and nutrient availability, sudden changes in temperature or other abiotic and biotic stresses can trigger changes in the growth of plant organs. Multiple mutually interconnected hormonal signaling cascades act as essential endogenous translators of these exogenous signals in the adaptive responses of plants. Although the molecular backbones of hormone transduction pathways have been identified, the mechanisms underlying their interactions are largely unknown. Here, using genome wide transcriptome profiling we identify an auxin and cytokinin cross-talk component; SYNERGISTIC ON AUXIN AND CYTOKININ 1 (SYAC1), whose expression in roots is strictly dependent on both of these hormonal pathways. We show that SYAC1 is a regulator of secretory pathway, whose enhanced activity interferes with deposition of cell wall components and can fine-tune organ growth and sensitivity to soil pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Hurný
- Institute of Science and Technology, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Candela Cuesta
- Institute of Science and Technology, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Krisztina Ötvös
- Institute of Science and Technology, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Bioresources Unit, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Tulln, Austria
| | - Jerome Duclercq
- Unité 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN UMR CNRS 7058 CNRS), Université du Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Ladislav Dokládal
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Marçal Gallemí
- Institute of Science and Technology, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Hana Semerádová
- Institute of Science and Technology, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Rauter
- Institute of Science and Technology, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Irene Stenzel
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Geert Persiau
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freia Benade
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rishikesh Bhalearo
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Sýkorová
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - András Gorzsás
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Julien Sechet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Gregory Mouille
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Eva Benková
- Institute of Science and Technology, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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Vissenberg K, Claeijs N, Balcerowicz D, Schoenaers S. Hormonal regulation of root hair growth and responses to the environment in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2412-2427. [PMID: 31993645 PMCID: PMC7178432 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The main functions of plant roots are water and nutrient uptake, soil anchorage, and interaction with soil-living biota. Root hairs, single cell tubular extensions of root epidermal cells, facilitate or enhance these functions by drastically enlarging the absorptive surface. Root hair development is constantly adapted to changes in the root's surroundings, allowing for optimization of root functionality in heterogeneous soil environments. The underlying molecular pathway is the result of a complex interplay between position-dependent signalling and feedback loops. Phytohormone signalling interconnects this root hair signalling cascade with biotic and abiotic changes in the rhizosphere, enabling dynamic hormone-driven changes in root hair growth, density, length, and morphology. This review critically discusses the influence of the major plant hormones on root hair development, and how changes in rhizosphere properties impact on the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Vissenberg
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Stavromenos PC, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Naomi Claeijs
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daria Balcerowicz
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sébastjen Schoenaers
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Chen YL, Fan KT, Hung SC, Chen YR. The role of peptides cleaved from protein precursors in eliciting plant stress reactions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:2267-2282. [PMID: 31595506 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to diverse abiotic and biotic stresses, and thus have developed complex signaling mechanisms that orchestrate multiple stress responses. Plant peptides have recently emerged as key signaling molecules of stress responses, not only to mechanical wounding and pathogen infection but also to nutrient imbalance, drought and high salinity. The currently identified stress-related signaling peptides in plants are derived from proteolytic processing of protein precursors. Here, we review these protein-derived peptides and the evidence for their functions in stress signaling. We recommend potential research directions that could clarify their roles in stress biology, and propose possible crosstalk with regard to the physiological outcome. The stress-centric perspective allows us to highlight the crucial roles of peptides in regulating the dynamics of stress physiology. Inspired by historic and recent findings, we review how peptides initiate complex molecular interactions to coordinate biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Lan Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ting Fan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chi Hung
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Guo J, Lu C, Zhao F, Gao S, Wang B. Improved reproductive growth of euhalophyte Suaeda salsa under salinity is correlated with altered phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:170-183. [PMID: 31941563 DOI: 10.1071/fp19215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are essential for plant reproductive growth. Salinity limits crop reproductive growth and yield, but improves reproductive growth of euhalophytes. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying salinity's effects on plant reproductive growth. To elucidate the role of plant hormones in flower development of the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa under saline conditions, we analysed endogenous gibberellic acid (GA3,4), indoleacetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), abscisic acid (ABA), and brassinosteroids (BRs) during flowering in control (0 mM) and NaCl-treated (200 mM) plants. At the end of vegetative growth, endogenous GA3, GA4, ABA and BR contents in stems of NaCl-treated plants were significantly higher than those in controls. During flowering, GA3, GA4, IAA and ZR contents showed the most significant enhancement in flower organs of plants treated with NaCl when compared with controls. Additionally, genes related to ZR, IAA, GA, BR and ABA biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction, such as those encoding CYP735A, CYP85A, GID1, NCED, PIF4, AHP, TCH4, SnRK2 and ABF, were upregulated in S. salsa flowers from NaCl-treated plants. These results suggest that coordinated upregulation of genes involved in phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction contributes to the enhanced reproductive growth of S. salsa under salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Chaoxia Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Fangcheng Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, PR China; and Corresponding author.
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Kavamura VN, Robinson RJ, Hughes D, Clark I, Rossmann M, Melo ISD, Hirsch PR, Mendes R, Mauchline TH. Wheat dwarfing influences selection of the rhizosphere microbiome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1452. [PMID: 31996781 PMCID: PMC6989667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of dwarf wheat cultivars combined with high levels of agrochemical inputs during the green revolution resulted in high yielding cropping systems. However, changes in wheat cultivars were made without considering impacts on plant and soil microbe interactions. We studied the effect of these changes on root traits and on the assembly of rhizosphere bacterial communities by comparing eight wheat cultivars ranging from tall to semi-dwarf plants grown under field conditions. Wheat breeding influenced root diameter and specific root length (SRL). Rhizosphere bacterial communities from tall cultivars were distinct from those associated with semi-dwarf cultivars, with higher differential abundance of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria in tall cultivars, compared with a higher differential abundance of Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes and Acidobacteria in semi-dwarf cultivars. Predicted microbial functions were also impacted and network analysis revealed a greater level of connectedness between microbial communities in the tall cultivars relative to semi-dwarf cultivars. Taken together, results suggest that the development of semi-dwarf plants might have affected the ability of plants to recruit and sustain a complex bacterial community network in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa N Kavamura
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Rebekah J Robinson
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Royal Horticultural Society, RHS Garden Wisley, Woking, Surrey, GU23 6QB, United Kingdom
| | - David Hughes
- Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Clark
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Maike Rossmann
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Embrapa Environment, Jaguariúna-SP, Brazil
| | - Itamar Soares de Melo
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Embrapa Environment, Jaguariúna-SP, Brazil
| | - Penny R Hirsch
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo Mendes
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Embrapa Environment, Jaguariúna-SP, Brazil
| | - Tim H Mauchline
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
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Fungal Phytohormones: Plant Growth-Regulating Substances and Their Applications in Crop Productivity. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45971-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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43
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Ferreira BG, Freitas MSC, Bragança GP, Moreira ASFP, Carneiro RGS, Isaias RMS. Enzyme-mediated metabolism in nutritive tissues of galls induced by Ditylenchus gallaeformans (Nematoda: Anguinidae). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:1052-1062. [PMID: 31102569 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The galls induced by Ditylenchus gallaeformans (Nematoda) on leaves of Miconia albicans have unique features when compared to other galls. The nematode colonies are surrounded by nutritive tissues with promeristematic cells, capable of originating new emergences facing the larval chamber, and providing indeterminate growth to these galls. Considering enzyme activity as essential for the translocation of energetic molecules from the common storage tissue (CST) to the typical nutritive tissue (TNT), and the major occurrence of carbohydrates in nematode galls, it was expected that hormones would mediate sink strength relationships by activating enzymes in indeterminate growth regions of the galls. Histochemical, immunocytochemical and quantitative analyses were made in order to demonstrate sites of enzyme activity and hormones, and comparative levels of total soluble sugars, water soluble polysaccharides and starch. The source-sink status, via carbohydrate metabolism, is controlled by the major accumulation of cytokinins in totipotent nutritive cells and new emergences. Thus, reducing sugars, such as glucose and fructose, accumulate in the TNT, where they supply the energy for successive cycles of cell division and for nematode feeding. The histochemical detection of phosphorylase and invertase activities indicates the occurrence of starch catabolism and sucrose transformation into reducing sugars, respectively, in the establishment of a gradient from the CST towards the TNT. Reducing sugars in the TNT are important for the production of new cell walls during the indeterminate growth of the galls, which have increased levels of water-soluble polysaccharides that corroborate such a hypothesis. Functional relationship between plant hormone accumulation, carbohydrate metabolism and cell differentiation in D. gallaeformans-induced galls is attested, providing new insights on cell development and plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M S C Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - G P Bragança
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - A S F P Moreira
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - R G S Carneiro
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - R M S Isaias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Kapoor R, Kumar G, Arya P, Jaswal R, Jain P, Singh K, Sharma TR. Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Profiling of Rice Hybrid Proline-Rich Proteins in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses, and Hormone Treatment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E343. [PMID: 31514343 PMCID: PMC6784160 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid proline-rich proteins (HyPRPs) belong to the family of 8-cysteine motif (8CM) containing proteins that play important roles in plant development processes, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. To gain insight into the rice HyPRPs, we performed a systematic genome-wide analysis and identified 45 OsHyPRP genes encoding 46 OsHyPRP proteins. The phylogenetic relationships of OsHyPRP proteins with monocots (maize, sorghum, and Brachypodium) and a dicot (Arabidopsis) showed clustering of the majority of OsHyPRPs along with those from other monocots, which suggests lineage-specific evolution of monocots HyPRPs. Based on our previous RNA-Seq study, we selected differentially expressed OsHyPRPs genes and used quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) to measure their transcriptional responses to biotic (Magnaporthe oryzae) and abiotic (heat, cold, and salt) stresses and hormone treatment (Abscisic acid; ABA, Methyl-Jasmonate; MeJA, and Salicylic acid; SA) in rice blast susceptible Pusa Basmati-1 (PB1) and blast-resistant near-isogenic line PB1+Pi9. The induction of OsHyPRP16 expression in response to the majority of stresses and hormonal treatments was highly correlated with the number of cis-regulatory elements present in its promoter region. In silico docking analysis of OsHyPRP16 showed its interaction with sterols of fungal/protozoan origin. The characterization of the OsHyPRP gene family enables us to recognize the plausible role of OsHyPRP16 in stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Kapoor
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, Punjab, India.
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Preeti Arya
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Rajdeep Jaswal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, Punjab, India.
| | - Priyanka Jain
- National Institute of Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, Punjab, India.
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
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Hu L, Zheng T, Cai M, Pan H, Wang J, Zhang Q. Transcriptome analysis during floral organ development provides insights into stamen petaloidy in Lagerstroemia speciosa. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 142:510-518. [PMID: 31445476 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most popular woody species that blooms in summer, Lagerstroemia speciosa has been used abundantly in urban landscape for its excellent floral beauty. For the first time, we discovered a double-flower variant with all petaloid stamens. To understand the molecular basis of this variation, we contrasted the transcriptomes of single- and double-flower buds at three stamen development stages. In total, 73,536 unigenes were mapped and 30,714 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the tissues. We focused on the DEGs expressing in both phenotypes and investigated the association of their expression profiles with their functions in transcription pathways. Furthermore, we performed WGCNA and identified co-expressed genes with four floral homeotic genes as hubs (MADS16, Unigene0026169; AP2, Unigene0042732; SOC1, Unigene0046314; AG, Unigene0056437). The expression of these hub genes has been conserved across the three developmental stages but significantly different between the two floral phenotypes. As a result, the robust transcriptional regulation of stamen petaloidy in double flowers was deduced. These findings will help to unravel the regulatory mechanisms of several specific genes, thereby providing a basis to study double-flower molecular breeding in L. speciosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tangchun Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huitang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Aki SS, Mikami T, Naramoto S, Nishihama R, Ishizaki K, Kojima M, Takebayashi Y, Sakakibara H, Kyozuka J, Kohchi T, Umeda M. Cytokinin Signaling Is Essential for Organ Formation in Marchantia polymorpha. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1842-1854. [PMID: 31135032 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins are known to regulate various physiological events in plants. Cytokinin signaling is mediated by the phosphorelay system, one of the most ancient mechanisms controlling hormonal pathways in plants. The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha possesses all components necessary for cytokinin signaling; however, whether they respond to cytokinins and how the signaling is fine-tuned remain largely unknown. Here, we report cytokinin function in Marchantia development and organ formation. Our measurement of cytokinin species revealed that cis-zeatin is the most abundant cytokinin in Marchantia. We reduced the endogenous cytokinin level by overexpressing the gene for cytokinin oxidase, MpCKX, which inactivates cytokinins, and generated overexpression and knockout lines for type-A (MpRRA) and type-B (MpRRB) response regulators to manipulate the signaling. The overexpression lines of MpCKX and MpRRA, and the knockout lines of MpRRB, shared phenotypes such as inhibition of gemma cup formation, enhanced rhizoid formation and hyponastic thallus growth. Conversely, the knockout lines of MpRRA produced more gemma cups and exhibited epinastic thallus growth. MpRRA expression was elevated by cytokinin treatment and reduced by knocking out MpRRB, suggesting that MpRRA is upregulated by the MpRRB-mediated cytokinin signaling, which is antagonized by MpRRA. Our findings indicate that when plants moved onto land they already deployed the negative feedback loop of cytokinin signaling, which has an indispensable role in organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori S Aki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Satoshi Naramoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro 1-7-22, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro 1-7-22, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro 1-7-22, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
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Fu Q, Chen LQ. Comparative transcriptome analysis of two reproductive modes in Adiantum reniforme var. sinense targeted to explore possible mechanism of apogamy. BMC Genet 2019; 20:55. [PMID: 31288742 PMCID: PMC6617869 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apogamy is a unique asexual reproduction in the ferns, in which somatic cells of gametophytes go through dedifferentiation and then differentiate into haploid sporophytes bypassing fertilization. Restricted to the lack of genomic information, molecular mechanisms of apogamy have remained unclear. Comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted at six stages between sexual reproduction and apogamy in the fern Adiantum reniforme var. sinense, in an effort to identify genes and pathways that might initiate the asexual reproduction. Results Approximately 928 million high-quality clean reads were assembled into 264,791 unigenes with an average length of 615 bp. A total of 147,865 (55.84%) unigenes were successfully annotated. Differential genes expression analysis indicated that transcriptional regulation was more active in the early stage of apogamy compared to sexual reproduction. Further comparative analysis of the enriched pathways between the early stages of the two reproductive modes demonstrated that starch and sucrose metabolism pathway responsible for cell wall was only significantly enriched in asexual embryonic cell initiation. Furthermore, regulation of plant hormone related genes was more vigorous in apogamy initiation. Conclusion These findings would be useful for revealing the initiation of apogamy and further understanding of the mechanisms related to asexual reproduction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-019-0762-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Kunming, 6502240, China
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Southwest Research Center of Landscape Architecture Engineering (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Southwest Forestry Universityy, Kunming, 650224, China.
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Romanenko KO, Kosakivska IV, Babenko LM, Vasheka OV, Romanenko PO, Negretsky VA, Minarchenko VM. Effects of Exogenous Cytokinins on Spore Germination and Gametophyte Morphogenesis of Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott in vitro Culture. CYTOL GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452719030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Liu W, Wang C, Shen X, Liang H, Wang Y, He Z, Zhang D, Chen F. Comparative transcriptome analysis highlights the hormone effects on somatic embryogenesis in Catalpa bungei. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2019; 32:141-151. [PMID: 30421145 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-0349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The major pathways and key events related to somatic embryo development in Catalpa bungei were illustrated by deep analysis of DEGs and quantification of hormone contents. Catalpa bungei C.A. Meyer is a valuable timber species, known as "The king of wood" in China. Due to the low propagation rate, somatic embryogenesis-based rapid propagation can regenerate a large number of new plants in a very short period of time and thus has great commercial value for this timber species. However, the mechanisms of somatic embryogenesis in C. bungei remain largely unclear so far. In our previous study, we established the vegetative propagation system in C. bungei using immature zygotic embryo as explants. Here, we further compared the transcriptional profiles and hormones contents between the embryogenic callus (EC) and non-embryogenic callus (NEC). RNA-seq analysis showed a total assembly of 73038 unigenes, and identified 12310 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between EC and NEC. Also, six DEGs were chosen to verify the authenticity of the transcriptome sequencing results by qRT-PCR. Moreover, by using LC-MS approaches, we quantified various plant hormone contents and found that auxin and ABA were dramatically higher in EC than those in NEC. Accordingly, DEGs were enriched in plant hormone signaling pathways. Taken together, we highlight the hormone effects on somatic embryogenesis in a tree species, C. bungei. The use of certain genes as markers of embryogenesis induction in C. bungei regeneration process will provide new tools to pre-screen genotypes or tissue culture hormone combinations suitable for somatic embryo production. Our results provide theoretical references for the somatic embryogenesis mechanism and experimental bases for breeding and rapid propagation of C. bungei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengquan He
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dechun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Faju Chen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Płażek A, Słomka A, Kopeć P, Dziurka M, Hornyák M, Sychta K, Pastuszak J, Dubert AF. Effects of High Temperature on Embryological Development and Hormone Profile in Flowers and Leaves of Common Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071705. [PMID: 30959807 PMCID: PMC6480298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Common buckwheat is a valuable crop, mainly due to the beneficial chemical composition of its seeds. However, buckwheat cultivation is limited because of unstable seed yield. The most important reasons for the low yield include embryo and flower abortion. The aim of this work is to verify whether high temperature affects embryological development in this plant species. The experiment was conducted on plants of a Polish cultivar ‘Panda’ and strain PA15, in which the percentage of degenerating embryo sacs was previously determined and amounted to 32% and 10%, respectively. The plants were cultivated in phytotronic conditions at 20 °C (control), and 30 °C (thermal stress). The embryological processes and hormonal profiles in flowers at various developmental stages (buds, open flowers, and wilted flowers) and in donor leaves were analyzed in two-month-old plants. Significant effects of thermal stress on the defective development of female gametophytes and hormone content in flowers and leaves were observed. Ovules were much more sensitive to high temperature than pollen grains in both genotypes. Pollen viability remained unaffected at 30 °C in both genotypes. The effect of temperature on female gametophyte development was visible in cv. Panda but not in PA15 buds. A drastic reduction in the number of properly developed embryo sacs was clear in open flowers at 30 °C in both genotypes. A considerable increase in abscisic acid in open flowers ready for fertilization may serve as a signal inducing flower senescence observed in the next few days. Based on embryological analyses and hormone profiles in flowers, we conclude that cv. ‘Panda’ is more sensitive to thermal stress than strain PA15, mainly due to a much earlier response to thermal stress involving impairment of embryological processes already in the flower buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Płażek
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Aneta Słomka
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30⁻387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Kopeć
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marta Hornyák
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Sychta
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30⁻387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jakub Pastuszak
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - And Franciszek Dubert
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
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