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Kastelein JJP, Hsieh A, Dicklin MR, Ditmarsch M, Davidson MH. Obicetrapib: Reversing the Tide of CETP Inhibitor Disappointments. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:35-44. [PMID: 38133847 PMCID: PMC10838241 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the history of cardiovascular outcomes trials of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors and to describe obicetrapib, a next-generation, oral, once-daily, low-dose CETP inhibitor in late-stage development for dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). RECENT FINDINGS Phase 1 and 2 trials have evaluated the safety and lipid/lipoprotein effects of obicetrapib as monotherapy, in conjunction with statins, on top of high-intensity statins (HIS), and with ezetimibe on top of HIS. In ROSE2, 10 mg obicetrapib monotherapy and combined with 10 mg ezetimibe, each on top of HIS, significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), apolipoprotein B, total LDL particles, small LDL particles, small, dense LDL-C, and lipoprotein (a), and increased HDL-C. Phase 3 pivotal registration trials including a cardiovascular outcomes trial are underway. Obicetrapib has an excellent safety and tolerability profile and robustly lowers atherogenic lipoproteins and raises HDL-C. As such, obicetrapib may be a promising agent for the treatment of ASCVD.
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2
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Ølnes ÅS, Teigen M, Laerdahl JK, Leren TP, Strøm TB, Bjune K. Variants in the CETP gene affect levels of HDL cholesterol by reducing the amount, and not the specific lipid transfer activity, of secreted CETP. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294764. [PMID: 38039300 PMCID: PMC10691695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) transfers cholesteryl esters in plasma from high density lipoprotein (HDL) to very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein. Loss-of-function variants in the CETP gene cause elevated levels of HDL cholesterol. In this study, we have determined the functional consequences of 24 missense variants in the CETP gene. The 24 missense variants studied were the ones reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database and in the literature to affect HDL cholesterol levels, as well as two novel variants identified at the Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital in subjects with hyperalphalipoproteinemia. METHODS HEK293 cells were transiently transfected with mutant CETP plasmids. The amounts of CETP protein in lysates and media were determined by Western blot analysis, and the lipid transfer activities of the CETP variants were determined by a fluorescence-based assay. RESULTS Four of the CETP variants were not secreted. Five of the variants were secreted less than 15% compared to the WT-CETP, while the other 15 variants were secreted in varying amounts. There was a linear relationship between the levels of secreted protein and the lipid transfer activities (r = 0.96, p<0.001). Thus, the secreted variants had similar specific lipid transfer activities. CONCLUSION The effect of the 24 missense variants in the CETP gene on the lipid transfer activity was mediated predominantly by their impact on the secretion of the CETP protein. The four variants that prevented CETP secretion cause autosomal dominant hyperalphalipoproteinemia. The five variants that markedly reduced secretion of the respective variants cause mild hyperalphalipoproteinemia. The majority of the remaining 15 variants had minor effects on the secretion of CETP, and are considered neutral genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Schawlann Ølnes
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Teigen
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon K. Laerdahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, ELIXIR Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond P. Leren
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thea Bismo Strøm
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Bjune
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Shamsudin AF, Bakar NS. Gender Differences in the Association between Cholesteryl Esters Transfer Protein Polymorphism (rs708272) and Plasma Lipid Levels in Hyperlipidaemic Participants at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:96-110. [PMID: 37102051 PMCID: PMC10125239 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the cholesteryl esters transfer protein (CETP) gene (rs708272) was reported to affect statin efficacy. This study investigated the association between CETP rs708272 and statin's lipid-lowering effects in hyperlipidaemic participants at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan. Methods A total of 229 hyperlipidaemic statin users (96.1% Malays) were recruited, and a single blood sample (3 mL) was obtained for DNA extraction. The genotypes were determined using PCR-RFLP method and validated by sequencing analysis. Results The minor allele frequency for rs708272 in all participants was 0.391, with no difference between females and males. At the baseline, the SNP was associated with different low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) and triglyceride (TG) levels in females, but not males, when the GG and GA+AA genotypes were compared using a dominant genetic model. Regardless of the genotype, the total cholesterol and LDL-c levels decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in both genders after statin treatment, but the TG levels decreased exclusively in females with the GG genotypes. In both genders, high density lipoprotein levels were unaffected before and after the statin treatment. Conclusion To improve the management of hyperlipidaemia, future research should consider patient gender when assessing the CETP rs708272 impact on LDL-c and TG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nur Salwani Bakar
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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4
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Zheng B, Goto S, Clementi R, Feaster J, Duffy D, Dalitz P, Airey J, Korjian S, Tortorici MA, Roberts J, Gibson CM. Effect of CSL112 (apolipoprotein A-I [human]) on cholesterol efflux capacity in Japanese subjects: Findings from a phase I study and a cross-study comparison. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:2331-2341. [PMID: 35933730 PMCID: PMC9579388 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
CSL112 (apolipoprotein A-I [apoA-I, human]) is a novel drug in development to reduce the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events following acute myocardial infarction by increasing cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC). This phase I study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics (PKs), pharmacodynamics (PDs), and safety of CSL112 in Japanese and White subjects. A total of 34 Japanese subjects were randomized to receive a single infusion of CSL112 (2, 4, or 6 g) or placebo and 18 White subjects were randomized to receive a single dose of 6 g CSL112 or placebo, followed by PK/PD assessment and adverse events monitoring. In addition, PK/PD parameters were compared across the CSL112 clinical development program. Plasma exposure of apoA-I increased in a dose-dependent but nonlinear manner in Japanese subjects receiving a single dose of CSL112. Mean baseline-corrected area under the curve from 0 to 72 h (AUC0-72 ) increased from 840 to 6490 mg h/dl, in the 2 and 6 g cohorts, respectively, followed by dose-dependent increase of CEC. The plasma PK profile of apoA-I and increases in total and ATP binding cassette transporter A1 dependent CEC were comparable in Japanese and White subjects. The geometric mean ratio (Japanese:White) for plasma apoA-I AUC0-72 and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) was 1.08 and 0.945, respectively. Cross-study comparison analysis demonstrated similar CSL112 exposure and CEC enhancement in Japanese and non-Japanese subjects (including patients with cardiovascular disease) and further confirmed consistent PKs/PDs of CSL112. This study suggests CSL112 acutely enhances CEC and is well-tolerated with no differences between Japanese and White subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- CSL BehringKing of PrussiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Shinya Goto
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology)Tokai University School of MedicineIseharaJapan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Serge Korjian
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - C. Michael Gibson
- PERFUSE Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Departments of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Yoo MG, Yun JH, Koo SK, Lee HJ. The effect of the association between CETP variant type and alcohol consumption on cholesterol level differs according to the ALDH2 variant type. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15129. [PMID: 36068255 PMCID: PMC9448738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is associated with a high increased lipid profile and this association may depend on genetic risk factors. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of genetic variation associated with alcohol consumption on lipid profiles using data from two Korean population studies. We performed a genotype association study using the HEXA (n = 51,349) and KNHANES (n = 9158) data. Genotype analyses of the two sets of Korean population data showed associations of increased total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol with CETP rs708272. The HEXA and KNHANES populations revealed differences in HDL cholesterol according to the presence of CETP rs708272, independent of ALDH2 rs671 and alcohol consumption. In contrast, total cholesterol levels were associated with alcohol consumption and ALDH2 rs671 in men with CETP rs708272 (CT and TT genotypes). Furthermore, in drinkers with ALDH2 rs671 (GA and AA genotypes), higher total cholesterol was associated with the CETP rs708272 TT minor homozygous genotype based on both HEXA and KNHANES data. Our findings demonstrated that alcohol consumption and genetic variation in either CETP or ALDH2 may be associated with cholesterol levels. We hope these findings will provide a better understanding of the relationship between alcohol consumption and cholesterol according to each individual’s genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Gyu Yoo
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ho Yun
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Koo
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ja Lee
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea.
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Yokoyama S. HDL Receptor in Schistosoma japonicum Mediating Egg Embryonation: Potential Molecular Basis for High Prevalence of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Deficiency in East Asia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:807289. [PMID: 35372338 PMCID: PMC8968628 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.807289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a life-threatening parasitic disease caused by blood flukes, Schistosomes. In its intestinal type, the parasites reside in visceral/portal veins of the human hosts and lay eggs to excrete in feces via intestinal tracts, and some of the aberrant eggs plug into the liver via the portal blood flow. Ectopic growth of these eggs causes fatal granulomatosis and cirrhosis of the liver. The parasites ingest nutrients from the host blood plasma by using nonspecific and specific transport via their body surface and alimentary tracts. It is especially important for the female adults to obtain lipid molecules because they synthesize neither fatty acids nor sterols and yet produce egg yolk. Low-density lipoprotein receptors have been identified in the body of the Schistosomes but their functions in the parasite life cycle have not clearly been characterized. On the other hand, CD36-related protein was identified in the body and the eggs of Asian blood fluke, Schistosoma japonicum, and characterized as a molecule that mediates selective uptake of cholesteryl ester from the host plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). This reaction was shown crucial for their eggs to grow to miracidia. Interestingly, abnormal large HDL generated in lack of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is a poor substrate for this reaction, and, therefore, CETP deficiency resists pathogenic ectopic growth of the aberrant parasite eggs in the liver. This genetic mutation is exclusively found in East Asia, overlapping with the current and historic regions of Schistosoma japonicum epidemic, so that this infection could be related to high prevalence of CETP deficiency in East Asia.
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Giroud S, Chery I, Arrivé M, Prost M, Zumsteg J, Heintz D, Evans AL, Gauquelin-Koch G, Arnemo JM, Swenson JE, Lefai E, Bertile F, Simon C, Blanc S. Hibernating brown bears are protected against atherogenic dyslipidemia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18723. [PMID: 34548543 PMCID: PMC8455566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate mechanisms by which hibernators avoid atherogenic hyperlipidemia during hibernation, we assessed lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolisms of free-ranging Scandinavian brown bears (Ursus arctos). In winter- and summer-captured bears, we measured lipoprotein sizes and sub-classes, triglyceride-related plasma-enzyme activities, and muscle lipid composition along with plasma-levels of antioxidant capacities and inflammatory markers. Although hibernating bears increased nearly all lipid levels, a 36%-higher cholesteryl-ester transfer-protein activity allowed to stabilize lipid composition of high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Levels of inflammatory metabolites, i.e., 7-ketocholesterol and 11ß-prostaglandin F2α, declined in winter and correlated inversely with cardioprotective HDL2b-proportions and HDL-sizes that increased during hibernation. Lower muscle-cholesterol concentrations and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity in winter suggest that hibernating bears tightly controlled peripheral-cholesterol synthesis and/or release. Finally, greater plasma-antioxidant capacities prevented excessive lipid-specific oxidative damages in plasma and muscles of hibernating bears. Hence, the brown bear manages large lipid fluxes during hibernation, without developing adverse atherogenic effects that occur in humans and non-hibernators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Giroud
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Isabelle Chery
- University of Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS, UMR7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), 23 rue du Loess, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathilde Arrivé
- University of Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS, UMR7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), 23 rue du Loess, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Julie Zumsteg
- Plant Imaging & Mass Spectrometry (PIMS), Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dimitri Heintz
- Plant Imaging & Mass Spectrometry (PIMS), Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alina L Evans
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2480, Koppang, Norway
| | | | - Jon M Arnemo
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2480, Koppang, Norway.,Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jon E Swenson
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Etienne Lefai
- University of Auvergne, INRAE, UNH UMR1019, 63122, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Fabrice Bertile
- University of Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS, UMR7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), 23 rue du Loess, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chantal Simon
- CARMEN, INSERM U1060/University of Lyon / INRA U1235, Oullins, France
| | - Stéphane Blanc
- University of Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS, UMR7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), 23 rue du Loess, 67087, Strasbourg, France
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8
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Giammanco A, Noto D, Barbagallo CM, Nardi E, Caldarella R, Ciaccio M, Averna MR, Cefalù AB. Hyperalphalipoproteinemia and Beyond: The Role of HDL in Cardiovascular Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060581. [PMID: 34207236 PMCID: PMC8235218 DOI: 10.3390/life11060581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HALP) is a lipid disorder characterized by elevated plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels above the 90th percentile of the distribution of HDL-C values in the general population. Secondary non-genetic factors such as drugs, pregnancy, alcohol intake, and liver diseases might induce HDL increases. Primary forms of HALP are caused by mutations in the genes coding for cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), hepatic lipase (HL), apolipoprotein C-III (apo C-III), scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and endothelial lipase (EL). However, in the last decades, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have also suggested a polygenic inheritance of hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Epidemiological studies have suggested that HDL-C is inversely correlated with cardiovascular (CV) risk, but recent Mendelian randomization data have shown a lack of atheroprotective causal effects of HDL-C. This review will focus on primary forms of HALP, the role of polygenic inheritance on HDL-C, associated risk for cardiovascular diseases and possible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Giammanco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties–University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (D.N.); (C.M.B.); (E.N.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Davide Noto
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties–University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (D.N.); (C.M.B.); (E.N.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Carlo Maria Barbagallo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties–University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (D.N.); (C.M.B.); (E.N.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Emilio Nardi
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties–University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (D.N.); (C.M.B.); (E.N.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Rosalia Caldarella
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Laboratory Medicine CoreLab, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Laboratory Medicine CoreLab, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.C.); (M.C.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Rocco Averna
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties–University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (D.N.); (C.M.B.); (E.N.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Angelo Baldassare Cefalù
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties–University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (D.N.); (C.M.B.); (E.N.); (M.R.A.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Zheng B, Duffy D, Tricoci P, Kastrissios H, Pfister M, Wright SD, Gille A, Tortorici MA. Pharmacometric analyses to characterize the effect of CSL112 on apolipoprotein A-I and cholesterol efflux capacity in acute myocardial infarction patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 87:2558-2571. [PMID: 33217027 PMCID: PMC8247400 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To characterize relationships between apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) exposure and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) and covariate effects following CSL112 (apoA-I [human]) administration in an integrated population including acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. METHODS A pharmacometric analysis utilized data from seven clinical trials, including patients with AMI, subjects with renal impairment and healthy subjects. A population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis was performed to relate CSL112 doses to changes in apoA-I plasma concentrations. Covariate analysis was conducted to identify sources of variability in apoA-I exposure. Exposure-response modeling was conducted to describe the relationship between apoA-I exposure and total or ATP binding cassette transporter A1-(ABCA1)-dependent CEC and to identify clinical predictors of CEC. RESULTS A two-compartment model described apoA-I PK. ApoA-I clearance was slightly lower in subjects with AMI, whereas baseline apoA-I was marginally higher in female and Japanese subjects. Covariate effects on apoA-I exposure were in the order of 10% and thus not clinically relevant. The relationships between apoA-I exposure and CECs were described by nonlinear models. Simulations showed CEC elevation resulting from apoA-I exposure increment was comparable in AMI and non-AMI subjects; no covariate had clinically meaningful effects on CEC. Simulations also demonstrated that CEC in patients with AMI post 6 g CSL112 dosing was substantially elevated compared to placebo and lower dose levels. CONCLUSIONS The model-based exposure-response analysis demonstrated, irrespective of body weight, sex and race, that fixed 6 g CSL112 dosing causes a desired CEC elevation, which may benefit AMI patients by potentially reducing early recurrent cardiovascular event risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Marc Pfister
- Certara Strategic Consulting, Princeton, NJ, USA.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Low cholesterol syndrome and drug development. Curr Opin Cardiol 2020; 35:423-427. [PMID: 32452920 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Low cholesterol syndromes were considered curiosities. The present article reviews some hypolipidaemic disorders and the drugs developed from the insights they provided. RECENT FINDINGS Abetalipopoproteinaemia and hypobetalipoproteinaemia are associated with low cholesterol concentrations and caused by mutations in apolipoprotein (apo) B or microsomal transfer protein. This led to the development of mipomersen and lomitapide which are used to treat homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Mutations in proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin-9 (PCSK9) can cause either high or low cholesterol. Loss of function PCSK9 mutations prompted the development of antibody therapies to PCSK9 which are now widely used to treat hypercholesterolaemia. Mutations in apolipoprotein C-3 and angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) cause hypolipoproteinaemia and reduced triglycerides. Antisense therapies to apolipoprotein C-3 and antibodies to ANGPTL3 are in development to treat familial chylomicronaemia syndrome. Activating mutations in apoA-1 result in hyper-functioning high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and suggest that modifying HDL turnover may reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. SUMMARY Orphan lipid disorders have provided insights into mechanisms involved in lowering cholesterol levels and the potential safety and efficacy of interventional processes. They have been not only enabled development of drugs to treat rare lipid disorders but also those finding wider use in general lowering of CVD risk.
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Oliveira HCF, Raposo HF. Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein and Lipid Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1276:15-25. [PMID: 32705591 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6082-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we present the major advances in CETP research since the detection, isolation, and characterization of its activity in the plasma of humans and several species. Since CETP is a major modulator of HDL plasma levels, the clinical importance of CETP activity was recognized very early. We describe the participation of CETP in reverse cholesterol transport, conflicting results in animal and human genetic studies, possible new functions of CETP, and the results of the main clinical trials on CETP inhibition. Despite major setbacks in clinical trials, the hypothesis that CETP inhibitors are anti-atherogenic in humans is still being tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena C F Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Helena F Raposo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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12
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Association of RS708272 ( CETP Gene Variant) with Lipid Profile Parameters and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction in the White Population of Western Siberia. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110739. [PMID: 31739638 PMCID: PMC6921014 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
: The TaqI B (rs708272) single-nucleotide variant, i.e., the +279 G/A substitution in intron 1 of the CETP gene, is actively investigated as a risk factor of lipid metabolism disorders. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of rs708272 with lipid parameters and the risk of myocardial infarction in the population of Western Siberia (Russia). The study population was selected from a sample surveyed within the framework of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors In Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) study (9360 participants, >90% white, aged 45-69 years, males: 50%). In total, 3132 randomly selected patients were included. Plasma lipid levels were determined by standard enzymatic assays. Rs708272 was analyzed by RT-PCR via TaqMan single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Genotyping Assays (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The frequencies of rs708272 genotypes AA (homozygote), AG (heterozygote), and GG were 0.21, 0.49, and 0.30, respectively, in this population. Allele A frequency was 0.46. We found an association of allele G with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and a high index of atherogenicity in this population (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Allele G was significantly associated with the risk of myocardial infarction among the male participants (odds ratio 1.96, 95% confidence interval 1.208-3.178, p = 0.008) and in the study population (odds ratio 1.465, 95% confidence interval 1.028-2.087, p = 0.036). Thus, rs708272 is associated with myocardial infarction in the white population of Western Siberia (Russia).
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13
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Millwood IY, Bennett DA, Holmes MV, Boxall R, Guo Y, Bian Z, Yang L, Sansome S, Chen Y, Du H, Yu C, Hacker A, Reilly DF, Tan Y, Hill MR, Chen J, Peto R, Shen H, Collins R, Clarke R, Li L, Walters RG, Chen Z. Association of CETP Gene Variants With Risk for Vascular and Nonvascular Diseases Among Chinese Adults. JAMA Cardiol 2019; 3:34-43. [PMID: 29141072 PMCID: PMC5833522 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2017.4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Question What is the association of genetic variants in the CETP gene that
lower cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity with risk for cardiovascular and other
diseases? Findings In this biobank study of 151 217 Chinese adults, CETP gene
variants were associated with higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but
not with lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and were not associated
with risk for cardiovascular disease. Meaning Increasing levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by cholesteryl ester transfer
protein inhibition in the absence of lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
may not confer significant benefits for cardiovascular disease. Importance Increasing levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol through pharmacologic
inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is a potentially important
strategy for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objective To use genetic variants in the CETP gene to assess potential risks and
benefits of lifelong lower CETP activity on CVD and other outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective biobank study included 151 217 individuals aged 30 to 79 years
who were enrolled from 5 urban and 5 rural areas of China from June 25, 2004, through
July 15, 2008. All participants had baseline genotype data, 17 854 of whom had
lipid measurements and 4657 of whom had lipoprotein particle measurements. Median
follow-up of 9.2 years (interquartile range, 8.2-10.1 years) was completed January 1,
2016, through linkage to health insurance records and death and disease registries. Exposures Five CETP variants, including an East Asian loss-of-function variant
(rs2303790), combined in a genetic score weighted to associations with HDL
cholesterol levels. Main Outcomes and Measures Baseline levels of lipids and lipoprotein particles, cardiovascular risk factors,
incidence of carotid plaque and predefined major vascular and nonvascular diseases, and
a phenome-wide range of diseases. Results Among the 151 217 individuals included in this study (58.4% women and 41.6% men),
the mean (SD) age was 52.3 (10.9) years. Overall, the mean (SD) low-density lipoprotein
(LDL) cholesterol level was 91 (27) mg/dL; HDL cholesterol level, 48 (12) mg/dL.
CETP variants were strongly associated with higher concentrations of
HDL cholesterol (eg, 6.1 [SE, 0.4] mg/dL per rs2303790-G
allele; P = 9.4 × 10−47)
but were not associated with lower LDL cholesterol levels. Within HDL particles,
cholesterol esters were increased and triglycerides reduced, whereas within very
low-density lipoprotein particles, cholesterol esters were reduced and triglycerides
increased. When scaled to 10-mg/dL higher levels of HDL cholesterol, the
CETP genetic score was not associated with occlusive CVD
(18 550 events; odds ratio [OR], 0.98; 95% CI, 0.91-1.06), major coronary events
(5767 events; OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.95-1.22), myocardial infarction (3118 events; OR,
1.14; 95% CI, 0.97-1.35), ischemic stroke (13 759 events; OR, 0.94; 95% CI,
0.86-1.02), intracerebral hemorrhage (6532 events; OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.83-1.06), or
other vascular diseases or carotid plaque. Similarly, rs2303790 was not
associated with any vascular diseases or plaque. No associations with nonvascular
diseases were found other than an increased risk for eye diseases with rs2303790 (4090 events; OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.13-1.80;
P = .003). Conclusions and Relevance CETP variants were associated with altered HDL metabolism but did not
lower LDL cholesterol levels and had no significant association with risk for CVD. These
results suggest that in the absence of reduced LDL cholesterol levels, increasing HDL
cholesterol levels by inhibition of CETP may not confer significant benefits for
CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iona Y Millwood
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England.,Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Derrick A Bennett
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England.,Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, England
| | - Ruth Boxall
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England.,Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England.,Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Sam Sansome
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Yiping Chen
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England.,Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Huaidong Du
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England.,Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Canqing Yu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Alex Hacker
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | | | - Yunlong Tan
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Michael R Hill
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Junshi Chen
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Richard Peto
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University School of Public Health, Nanjing, China
| | - Rory Collins
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
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14
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Cholesteryl ester transfer protein: An enigmatic pharmacology – Antagonists and agonists. Atherosclerosis 2018; 278:286-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Lin S, Dai R, Lin R. A meta-analytic evaluation of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) C-629A polymorphism in association with coronary heart disease risk and lipid changes. Oncotarget 2018; 8:2153-2163. [PMID: 27791990 PMCID: PMC5356788 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, a major cause for coronary heart disease (CHD). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is an important glycoprotein involved in lipid metabolism by transferring cholesteryl esters to apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in exchange for triglycerides. The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association of CETP C-629A polymorphism with CHD risk and lipid changes. Four public databases were searched, and data from 17 qualified articles were extracted in duplicate and analyzed by STATA software. Overall association of C-629A with CHD risk was nonsignificant in 5441 patients and 7967 controls. Subgroup analyses by ethnicity revealed significance only in Caucasians, with the odds of CHD being 1.18, 1.43 and 1.41 under allelic, genotypic and dominant models, respectively (P < 0.001). Similarly, the -629C allele increased the corresponding risk of myocardial infarction by 1.23-, 1.28- and 1.29-fold (P < 0.02). The association of C-629A with CHD was significantly strengthened in prospective and large studies. Moreover, carriers of the -629C allele had significant higher levels of circulating CETP (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 0.45 μg/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25 to 0.65; P < 0.001), but lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD: -3.65 mg/dL; 95% CI: -5.59 to -1.70; P < 0.001) relative to the -629AA homozygotes. The probability of publication bias was low. Our meta-analytic findings collectively demonstrate that the -629C allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of CHD in Caucasians, and this association may be mediated by its phenotypic regulation on circulating CETP and HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouwei Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Ruozhu Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Fujian Province, P.R. China
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16
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Momozawa Y, Akiyama M, Kamatani Y, Arakawa S, Yasuda M, Yoshida S, Oshima Y, Mori R, Tanaka K, Mori K, Inoue S, Terasaki H, Yasuma T, Honda S, Miki A, Inoue M, Fujisawa K, Takahashi K, Yasukawa T, Yanagi Y, Kadonosono K, Sonoda KH, Ishibashi T, Takahashi A, Kubo M. Low-frequency coding variants in CETP and CFB are associated with susceptibility of exudative age-related macular degeneration in the Japanese population. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 25:5027-5034. [PMID: 28173125 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness in the elderly. Previous sequencing studies of AMD susceptibility genes have revealed the association of rare coding variants in CFH, CFI, C3 and C9 in European population; however, the impact of rare or low-frequency coding variants on AMD susceptibility in other populations is largely unknown. To identify the role of low-frequency coding variants on exudative AMD susceptibility in a Japanese population, we analysed the association of coding variants of 34 AMD candidate genes in the two-stage design by a multiplex PCR-based target sequencing method. We used a total of 2,886 (1st: 827, 2nd: 2,059) exudative AMD cases including typical AMD, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, and retinal angiomatous proliferation and 9,337 (1st: 3,247 2nd: 6,090) controls. Gene-based analysis found a significant association of low-frequency variants (minor allele frequency (MAF) < 0.05) in CETP, C2 and CFB. The association of CETP remained after conditioned with all known genome-wide association study (GWAS) associated variants. In addition, when we included only disruptive variants, enrichment of rare variants (MAF < 0.01) was also observed after conditioned with all GWAS associated variants (P = 1.03 × 10−6, odds ratio (OR) = 2.48). Haplotype and conditional analysis of the C2-CFB-SKIV2L locus showed a low-frequency variant (R74H) in CFB would be individually associated with AMD susceptibility independent of the GWAS associated SNP. These findings highlight the importance of target sequencing to reveal the impact of rare or low-frequency coding variants on disease susceptibility in different ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.,Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Arakawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Japan Community Health care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miho Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryusaburo Mori
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroko Terasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Yasuma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Honda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akiko Miki
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Maiko Inoue
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Fujisawa
- Japan Community Health care Organization, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanji Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yasukawa
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yanagi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kadonosono
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishibashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
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17
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Kamada Y, Kida S, Hirano KI, Yamaguchi S, Suzuki A, Hashimoto C, Kimura A, Sato M, Fujii H, Sobajima T, Yamamoto A, Ebisutani Y, Takamatsu S, Shinzaki S, Yoshida Y, Yamada M, Nagasaka H, Takehara T, Miyoshi E. Hepatic aberrant glycosylation by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V accelerates HDL assembly. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G859-G868. [PMID: 27659420 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00231.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is involved in various pathophysiological conditions. N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V), catalyzing β1-6 branching in asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, is one of the most important glycosyltransferases involved in cancer and the immune system. Recent findings indicate that aberrant N-glycan structure can modify lipid metabolism. In this study, we investigated the effects of aberrant glycosylation by GnT-V on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly. We used GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice and GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants. The study also included 96 patients who underwent medical health check-ups. Total serum cholesterol levels, particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, were significantly increased in Tg vs. wild-type (WT) mice. Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. ApoAI and ABCA1 were also significantly elevated in GnT-V transfectants compared with mock-transfected cells. Moreover, ApoAI protein in the cultured media of GnT-V transfectants was significantly increased. Finally, we found a strong correlation between serum GnT-V activity and HDL-C concentration in human subjects. Multivariate logistic analyses demonstrated that GnT-V activity was an independent and significant determinant for serum HDL-C levels even adjusted with age and gender differences. Further analyses represented that serum GnT-V activity had strong correlation especially with the large-size HDL particle concentration. These findings indicate that enhanced hepatic GnT-V activity accelerated HDL assembly and could be a novel mechanism for HDL synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachiho Kida
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirano
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-invasive and Nutritional Therapeutics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-invasive and Nutritional Therapeutics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-invasive and Nutritional Therapeutics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chikako Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-invasive and Nutritional Therapeutics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kimura
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motoya Sato
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironobu Fujii
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sobajima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ebisutani
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Shinzaki
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hironori Nagasaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Takarazuka City Hospital, Takarazuka, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan;
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18
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Hatakeyama K. CETP Activity: A Link between Lipid Metabolism and Coagulation System. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:1144-1146. [PMID: 27476666 PMCID: PMC5098913 DOI: 10.5551/jat.ed053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kinta Hatakeyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University Hospital
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19
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Otsuka T, Takada H, Nishiyama Y, Kodani E, Saiki Y, Kato K, Kawada T. Dyslipidemia and the Risk of Developing Hypertension in a Working-Age Male Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003053. [PMID: 27016576 PMCID: PMC4943276 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.003053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is one of the main comorbidities associated with dyslipidemia. This study aimed to examine the extent to which dyslipidemia increases the risk of developing hypertension in a Japanese working-age male population. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed data from 14 215 nonhypertensive male workers (age 38±9 years) who underwent annual medical checkups. Subjects were followed up for a median of 4 years to determine new-onset hypertension, defined as blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medication. The associations between serum lipid levels and development of hypertension were examined. During the follow-up period, 1483 subjects developed hypertension. After adjusting for age, body mass index, impaired fasting glucose/diabetes, baseline BP category, alcohol intake, smoking, exercise, and parental history of hypertension, subjects with a total cholesterol (TC) level ≥222 mg/dL were at a significantly increased risk of developing hypertension (hazard ratio: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.06-1.56) compared to subjects with a TC level ≤167 mg/dL. Similar results were observed for subjects with high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels. A U-shaped relationship was found between HDLC level and risk of hypertension; compared to the third quintile, the multiadjusted hazard ratio was 1.22 (95% CI: 1.03-1.43) in the lowest quintile and 1.34 (95% CI: 1.12-1.60) in the highest quintile. CONCLUSIONS Elevated serum levels of TC, LDLC, and non-HDLC were associated with an increased risk of hypertension in working-age Japanese men. For HDLC, risk of hypertension was increased at both low and high levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Otsuka
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Takada
- Industrial Safety and Health Center, Canon Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eitaro Kodani
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Tama Nagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Saiki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Kato
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Update on the molecular biology of dyslipidemias. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 454:143-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Goodarzynejad H, Boroumand M, Behmanesh M, Ziaee S, Jalali A. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene polymorphism (I405V) and premature coronary artery disease in an Iranian population. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2016; 16:114-20. [PMID: 26773179 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2016.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of human cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) expression on atherogenesis is still under debate. The rs5882 (I405V) polymorphism affect CETP function. We aimed to examine the relationship between the rs5882 polymorphism and the risk of angiographically determined coronary artery disease (CAD). To define premature CAD (PCAD), an age cutoff of 55 years for women and 45 years for men was used. An age- and sex-matched case-control study was conducted in 560 patients with newly diagnosed angiographically documented PCAD (≥50% luminal stenosis of any coronary vessel) and an equal number of control patients with normal coronary arteries (no luminal stenosis at coronary arteries). The severity of CAD was determined by vessel score and Gensini score. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and high resolution melting analysis were used to distinguish between genotypes. The I405V genotype distributions were not statistically different in CAD and non-CAD groups in univariate and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyzes. The median and inter-quartile range for Gensini score was not significantly different among the AA (43, 24 to 73), AG (40, 20 to 66), and GG (45, 25 to 72) genotypes (p = 0.097). Furthermore, the distribution of vessel score did not statistically differ between these genotypes (p = 0.691). Our results suggest that there is no significant association between CETP I405V polymorphism and the risk of PCAD presence and severity. Larger prospective studies are needed to investigate such associations in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Goodarzynejad
- Department of Cardiac Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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A patient with a novel homozygous missense mutation in FTO and concomitant nonsense mutation in CETP. J Hum Genet 2016; 61:395-403. [PMID: 26740239 PMCID: PMC4880488 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) has previously been associated with a variety of diseases and conditions, notably obesity, acute coronary syndrome and metabolic syndrome. Reports describing mutations in FTO as well as FTO animal models have further demonstrated a role for FTO in the development of the brain and other organs. Here, we describe a patient born of consanguineous union who presented with microcephaly, developmental delay, behavioral abnormalities, dysmorphic facial features, hypotonia, and other various phenotypic abnormalities. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation in FTO and a nonsense mutation in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Exome CNV analysis revealed no disease causing large duplications or deletions within coding regions. Patient’s, her parents’ and non-related control’ fibroblasts were analyzed for morphologic defects, abnormal proliferation, apoptosis and transcriptome profile. We have shown that FTO is located in nucleus of cells from each tested samples. Western blot analysis demonstrated no changes in patient FTO. Q-PCR analysis revealed slightly decreased levels of FTO expression in patient cells compared to controls. No morphological or proliferation differences between the patient and control fibroblasts were observed. There is still much to be learned about the molecular mechanisms by which mutations in FTO contribute to such severe phenotypes.
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High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and cardiovascular outcomes in Japanese patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: A report from the CREDO-Kyoto registry cohort-2. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:632-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Cahua-Pablo JÁ, Cruz M, Méndez-Palacios A, Antúnez-Ortiz DL, Vences-Velázquez A, del Carmen Alarcón-Romero L, Parra EJ, Tello-Flores VA, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Valladares-Salgado A, Pérez-Macedonio CP, Flores-Alfaro E. Polymorphisms in the LPL and CETP Genes and Haplotype in the ESR1 Gene Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Women from Southwestern Mexico. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:21539-54. [PMID: 26370976 PMCID: PMC4613266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160921539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of metabolic disorders associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies in women reported associations between polymorphisms in ESR1, LPL and CETP genes and MetS. Our aim was to evaluate the association between variants in ESR1, LPL and CETP genes with MetS and its components. Four hundred and eighty women were analyzed, anthropometric features and biochemical profiles were evaluated, and genotyping was performed by real-time PCR. We found an association with elevated glucose levels (odds ratio (OR) = 2.9; p = 0.013) in carrying the AA genotype of rs1884051 in the ESR1 gene compared with the GG genotype, and the CC genotype of rs328 in the LPL gene was associated with MetS compared to the CG or GG genotype (OR = 2.8; p = 0.04). Moreover, the GA genotype of rs708272 in the CETP gene is associated with MetS compared to the GG or AA genotype (OR = 1.8; p = 0.006). In addition the ACTCCG haplotype in the ESR1 gene is associated with a decrease in the risk of MetS (OR = 0.02; p < 0.001). In conclusion, our results show the involvement of the variants of ESR1, LPL and CETP genes in metabolic events related to MetS or some of its features.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ángel Cahua-Pablo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico.
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Distrito Federal 06725, Mexico.
| | - Abigail Méndez-Palacios
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico.
| | - Diana Lizzete Antúnez-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico.
| | - Amalia Vences-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico.
| | - Luz del Carmen Alarcón-Romero
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico.
| | - Esteban Juan Parra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Vianet Argelia Tello-Flores
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico.
| | - Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico.
| | - Adán Valladares-Salgado
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Distrito Federal 06725, Mexico.
| | - Claudia Paola Pérez-Macedonio
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico.
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico.
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Suhy A, Hartmann K, Papp AC, Wang D, Sadee W. Regulation of cholesteryl ester transfer protein expression by upstream polymorphisms: reduced expression associated with rs247616. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2015; 25:394-401. [PMID: 26061659 PMCID: PMC4499003 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is involved in reverse cholesterol transport by exchanging cholesteryl esters for triglycerides between high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein particles, effectively decreasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Variants within a large haplotype block upstream of CETP (rs247616, rs173539) have been shown to be significantly associated with reduced expression; however, the underlying mechanism has not been identified. METHODS We analyzed the linkage structure of our top candidate single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs247616, and assessed each SNP of the haplotype block for potential interactions with transcription factor binding sites. We then used a reporter gene assay to assess the effect of three SNPs (rs247616, rs173539, and rs1723150) on expression in vitro. RESULTS Several variants in the upstream haplotype, including rs247616, rs173539, and rs1723150, disrupt or generate transcription factor binding sites. In reporter gene assays, rs247616 and rs173539 were found to significantly affected expression in HepG2 cells, whereas rs17231506 had no effect. rs247616 decreased expression by 1.7-fold (P<0.0001), whereas rs173539 increased expression by 2.2-fold (P=0.0006). CONCLUSION SNPs rs247616 and rs173539 are in high linkage disequilibrium (R=0.96, D'=1.00) and have the potential to regulate CETP expression. Although opposing effects suggest that regulation of CETP expression could vary between tissues, the minor allele of rs247616 and SNPs in high linkage with it were found to be associated with reduced expression across all tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Suhy
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Gautier T, Masson D, Lagrost L. The potential of cholesteryl ester transfer protein as a therapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015. [PMID: 26212254 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1073713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over recent decades, attempts to ascertain the pro-atherogenic nature of plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and to establish the relevance of its pharmacological blockade as a promising high density lipoproteins-raising and anti-atherogenic therapy have been disappointing. AREAS COVERED The current review focuses on CETP as a multifaceted protein, on genetic variations at the CETP gene and on their possible consequences for cardiovascular risk in human populations. Specific attention is given to physiological modulation of endogenous CETP activity by the apoC1 inhibitor. Finally, the rationale behind the need for selection of patients to treat is discussed in the light of recent studies. EXPERT OPINION At this stage one can only speculate on the clinical outcome of pharmacological CETP inhibitors in high-risk populations, but recent advances give cause to adjust the expectations from now on. The CETP effect is probably largely influenced by the overall metabolic state, and whether CETP blockade may be relevant or not in promoting cholesterol disposal is still questioned. The possible need for a careful stratification of patients to treat with CETP inhibitors is outlined. Finally, manipulation of CETP activity should be considered with caution in the context of sepsis and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gautier
- a 1 INSERM, LNC UMR866 , F-21000 Dijon, France.,b 2 University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté , F-21000 Dijon, France.,c 3 LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche Comté , F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - David Masson
- a 1 INSERM, LNC UMR866 , F-21000 Dijon, France.,b 2 University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté , F-21000 Dijon, France.,c 3 LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche Comté , F-21000 Dijon, France.,d 4 University Hospital of Dijon , F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Lagrost
- a 1 INSERM, LNC UMR866 , F-21000 Dijon, France.,b 2 University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté , F-21000 Dijon, France.,c 3 LipSTIC LabEx, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne-Franche Comté , F-21000 Dijon, France.,d 4 University Hospital of Dijon , F-21000 Dijon, France.,e 5 UMR866, UFR Sciences de Santé, 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc , F-21000 Dijon, France
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Yokoyama S, Okumura-Noji K, Lu R. Prevention of fatal hepatic complication in schistosomiasis by inhibition of CETP. J Biomed Res 2015; 29:176-88. [PMID: 26060442 PMCID: PMC4449486 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.29.20150005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma japonicum, once endemic all the East Asia, remains as a serious public health problem in certain regions. Ectopic egg embryonation in the liver causes granulomatosis and eventually fatal cirrhosis, so that prevention of this process is one of the keys to reduce its mortality. The embryonation requires cholesteryl ester from HDL of the host blood for egg yolk formation, and this reaction is impaired from the abnormal large HDL in genetic cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) deficiency. When CETP was expressed in mice that otherwise lack this protein, granulomatosis of the liver was shown increased compared to the wild type upon infection of Schistosoma japonicum. The CETP deficiencies accumulated exclusively in East Asia, from Indochina to Siberia, so that Shistosomiasis can be a screening factor for this accumulation. CD36 related protein (CD36RP) was identified as a protein for this reaction, cloned from the cDNA library of Schistosoma japonicum with 1880-bp encoding 506 amino acids. The antibody against the extracellular loop of CD36RP inhibited cholesteryl ester uptake from HDL and suppressed egg embryonation in culture. Therefore, inhibition of CETP is a potential approach to prevent liver granulomatosis and thereby fatal liver cirrhosis in the infection of Schistosoma japonicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yokoyama
- Nutritional Health Science Research Center, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan.
| | - Kuniko Okumura-Noji
- Nutritional Health Science Research Center, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan.
| | - Rui Lu
- Nutritional Health Science Research Center, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan.
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Yokoyama S. Unique features of high-density lipoproteins in the Japanese: in population and in genetic factors. Nutrients 2015; 7:2359-81. [PMID: 25849946 PMCID: PMC4425149 DOI: 10.3390/nu7042359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its gradual increase in the past several decades, the prevalence of atherosclerotic vascular disease is low in Japan. This is largely attributed to difference in lifestyle, especially food and dietary habits, and it may be reflected in certain clinical parameters. Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, a strong counter risk for atherosclerosis, are indeed high among the Japanese. Accordingly, lower HDL seems to contribute more to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) than an increase in non-HDL lipoproteins at a population level in Japan. Interestingly, average HDL levels in Japan have increased further in the past two decades, and are markedly higher than in Western populations. The reasons and consequences for public health of this increase are still unknown. Simulation for the efficacy of raising HDL cholesterol predicts a decrease in CHD of 70% in Japan, greater than the extent by reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol predicted by simulation or achieved in a statin trial. On the other hand, a substantial portion of hyperalphalipoproteinemic population in Japan is accounted for by genetic deficiency of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), which is also commonly unique in East Asian populations. It is still controversial whether CETP mutations are antiatherogenic. Hepatic Schistosomiasis is proposed as a potential screening factor for historic accumulation of CETP deficiency in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yokoyama
- Nutritional Health Science Research Centre and Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan.
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29
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Shakhtshneider EV, Kulikov IV, Maksimov VN, Ragino YI, Ivanova MV, Voevoda MI. CETP Gene Polymorphism in the Caucasian Population of West Siberia and in Groups Contrast by Total Serum Cholesterol Levels. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014; 157:364-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Page MM, Bell DA, Hooper AJ, Watts GF, Burnett JR. Lipoprotein apheresis and new therapies for severe familial hypercholesterolemia in adults and children. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 28:387-403. [PMID: 24840266 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), the most common and severe monogenic form of hypercholesterolemia, is an autosomal co-dominant disease characterized by an increased plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentration and premature coronary heart disease (CHD). The clinical phenotype depends on the gene involved and severity of mutation (or mutations) present. Patients with homozygous or compound heterozygous FH have severe hypercholesterolemia (LDL-cholesterol >13 mmol/L) due to a gene dosing effect and without treatment have accelerated atherosclerotic CHD from birth, and frequently die of CHD before age 30. Cholesterol-lowering therapies have been shown to reduce both mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events in individuals with FH. Lipoprotein apheresis concomitant with lipid-lowering therapy is the treatment of choice for homozygous FH. This article describes the rationale and role of lipoprotein apheresis in the treatment of severe FH and outlines the recent advances in new pharmacotherapies for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Page
- Lipid Disorders Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Damon A Bell
- Lipid Disorders Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda J Hooper
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Lipid Disorders Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John R Burnett
- Lipid Disorders Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Gomaraschi M, Ossoli A, Pozzi S, Nilsson P, Cefalù AB, Averna M, Kuivenhoven JA, Hovingh GK, Veglia F, Franceschini G, Calabresi L. eNOS activation by HDL is impaired in genetic CETP deficiency. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95925. [PMID: 24830642 PMCID: PMC4022511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the CETP gene resulting in defective CETP activity have been shown to cause remarkable elevations of plasma HDL-C levels, with the accumulation in plasma of large, buoyant HDL particles enriched in apolipoprotein E. Genetic CETP deficiency thus represents a unique tool to evaluate how structural alterations of HDL impact on HDL atheroprotective functions. Aim of the present study was to assess the ability of HDL obtained from CETP-deficient subjects to protect endothelial cells from the development of endothelial dysfunction. HDL isolated from one homozygous and seven heterozygous carriers of CETP null mutations were evaluated for their ability to down-regulate cytokine-induced cell adhesion molecule expression and to promote NO production in cultured endothelial cells. When compared at the same protein concentration, HDL and HDL3 from carriers proved to be as effective as control HDL and HDL3 in down-regulating cytokine-induced VCAM-1, while carrier HDL2 were more effective than control HDL2 in inhibiting VCAM-1 expression. On the other hand, HDL and HDL fractions from carriers of CETP deficiency were significantly less effective than control HDL and HDL fractions in stimulating NO production, due to a reduced eNOS activating capacity, likely because of a reduced S1P content. In conclusion, the present findings support the notion that genetic CETP deficiency, by affecting HDL particle structure, impacts on HDL vasculoprotective functions. Understanding of these effects might be important for predicting the outcomes of pharmacological CETP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gomaraschi
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Ossoli
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Pozzi
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Angelo B. Cefalù
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Policlinico “Paolo Giaccone”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Averna
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Policlinico “Paolo Giaccone”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - G. Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Guido Franceschini
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Sasaki M, Terao Y, Ayaori M, Uto-Kondo H, Iizuka M, Yogo M, Hagisawa K, Takiguchi S, Yakushiji E, Nakaya K, Ogura M, Komatsu T, Ikewaki K. Hepatic overexpression of idol increases circulating protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in mice and hamsters via dual mechanisms: sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 and low-density lipoprotein receptor-dependent pathways. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1171-8. [PMID: 24675665 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is degraded by inducible degrader of LDLR (Idol) and protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), thereby regulating circulating LDL levels. However, it remains unclear whether, and if so how, these LDLR degraders affect each other. We therefore investigated effects of liver-specific expression of Idol on LDL/PCSK9 metabolism in mice and hamsters. APPROACH AND RESULTS Injection of adenoviral vector expressing Idol (Ad-Idol) induced a liver-specific reduction in LDLR expression which, in turn, increased very-low-density lipoprotein/LDL cholesterol levels in wild-type mice because of delayed LDL catabolism. Interestingly, hepatic Idol overexpression markedly increased plasma PCSK9 levels. In LDLR-deficient mice, plasma PCSK9 levels were already elevated at baseline and unchanged by Idol overexpression, which was comparable with the observation for Ad-Idol-injected wild-type mice, indicating that Idol-induced PCSK9 elevation depended on LDLR. In wild-type mice, but not in LDLR-deficient mice, Ad-Idol enhanced hepatic PCSK9 expression, with activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 and subsequently increased expression of its target genes. Supporting in vivo findings, Idol transactivated PCSK9/LDLR in sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2/LDLR-dependent manners in vitro. Furthermore, an in vivo kinetic study using (125)I-labeled PCSK9 revealed delayed clearance of circulating PCSK9, which could be another mechanism. Finally, to extend these findings into cholesteryl ester transfer protein-expressing animals, we repeated the above in vivo experiments in hamsters and obtained similar results. CONCLUSIONS A vicious cycle in LDLR degradation might be generated by PCSK9 induced by hepatic Idol overexpression via dual mechanisms: sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2/LDLR. Furthermore, these effects would be independent of cholesteryl ester transfer protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sasaki
- From the Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (M.S., Y.T., M.A., H.U.-K., M.I., M.Y., S.T., E.Y., K.N., M.O., T.K., K.I.) and Department of Physiology (K.H.), National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yoshio Terao
- From the Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (M.S., Y.T., M.A., H.U.-K., M.I., M.Y., S.T., E.Y., K.N., M.O., T.K., K.I.) and Department of Physiology (K.H.), National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Ayaori
- From the Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (M.S., Y.T., M.A., H.U.-K., M.I., M.Y., S.T., E.Y., K.N., M.O., T.K., K.I.) and Department of Physiology (K.H.), National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
| | - Harumi Uto-Kondo
- From the Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (M.S., Y.T., M.A., H.U.-K., M.I., M.Y., S.T., E.Y., K.N., M.O., T.K., K.I.) and Department of Physiology (K.H.), National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Maki Iizuka
- From the Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (M.S., Y.T., M.A., H.U.-K., M.I., M.Y., S.T., E.Y., K.N., M.O., T.K., K.I.) and Department of Physiology (K.H.), National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Makiko Yogo
- From the Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (M.S., Y.T., M.A., H.U.-K., M.I., M.Y., S.T., E.Y., K.N., M.O., T.K., K.I.) and Department of Physiology (K.H.), National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hagisawa
- From the Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (M.S., Y.T., M.A., H.U.-K., M.I., M.Y., S.T., E.Y., K.N., M.O., T.K., K.I.) and Department of Physiology (K.H.), National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Shunichi Takiguchi
- From the Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (M.S., Y.T., M.A., H.U.-K., M.I., M.Y., S.T., E.Y., K.N., M.O., T.K., K.I.) and Department of Physiology (K.H.), National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Emi Yakushiji
- From the Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (M.S., Y.T., M.A., H.U.-K., M.I., M.Y., S.T., E.Y., K.N., M.O., T.K., K.I.) and Department of Physiology (K.H.), National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakaya
- From the Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (M.S., Y.T., M.A., H.U.-K., M.I., M.Y., S.T., E.Y., K.N., M.O., T.K., K.I.) and Department of Physiology (K.H.), National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Masatsune Ogura
- From the Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (M.S., Y.T., M.A., H.U.-K., M.I., M.Y., S.T., E.Y., K.N., M.O., T.K., K.I.) and Department of Physiology (K.H.), National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Komatsu
- From the Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (M.S., Y.T., M.A., H.U.-K., M.I., M.Y., S.T., E.Y., K.N., M.O., T.K., K.I.) and Department of Physiology (K.H.), National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Katsunori Ikewaki
- From the Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (M.S., Y.T., M.A., H.U.-K., M.I., M.Y., S.T., E.Y., K.N., M.O., T.K., K.I.) and Department of Physiology (K.H.), National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Corral P, Schreier L. [A history and review of cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors and their contribution to the understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of high density lipoprotein]. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2014; 26:78-84. [PMID: 24094503 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There is irrefutable evidence that statins reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in a magnitude proportional to the intensity of the decrease in cholesterol transport by the low density lipoproteins. Despite this great advance there is still a residual risk of cardiovascular events. For this reason, an increase in the levels of high density lipoprotein is considered in order to boost the main action of this lipoprotein, which is reverse cholesterol transport. Distinct classes of evidence (epidemiological, genetic, and pathophysiological) show that the inhibition and/or modulation of cholesterol ester transfer protein increases plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. The main reason for presenting this review is to look at the physiology of cholesterol ester transfer protein, its interrelationship with high density lipoproteins, and to give an update on the development of different cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitor/modulator molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Corral
- Instituto Clínica Médica (ICM), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Laura Schreier
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Lipoproteínas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Moradi H, Streja E, Kashyap ML, Vaziri ND, Fonarow GC, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 29:1554-62. [PMID: 24574544 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein (HDL) confers protection against atherosclerosis by several different mechanisms. Although in the general population, increasing levels of HDL are associated with reduced cardiovascular (CV) mortality, this association is not well known in patients with chronic disease states such as end-stage renal disease. We hypothesize that the association of serum HDL concentration and its ratio to total cholesterol with all-cause and CV mortality in hemodialysis patients is different from the general population. METHODS A 3-year (July 2004 to June 2007) cohort of 33 109 chronic hemodialysis patients was studied in the USA in the dialysis clinics where lipid profile was measured in at least 50% of all outpatients of the clinic during a given calendar quarter. Cox proportional hazard models were adjusted for demographics and case-mix variables and cubic splines were plotted. RESULTS Higher HDL concentrations up to 50 mg/dL were associated with better overall survival, while HDL at 60 mg/dL and above was associated with a rise in all-cause and CV mortality. All-cause and CV mortality hazard ratio was 1.28 (1.20-1.38) and 1.08 (1.01-1.16) for HDL <30 mg/dL and 1.05 (1.00-1.10) and 1.08 (1.00-1.16) for HDL ≥ 60 mg/dL, respectively (reference: HDL: 30-<60 mg/dL). CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the general population, low total cholesterol to HDL ratio was associated with higher mortality in hemodialysis patients. A U-shaped association between HDL cholesterol level and all-cause and CV mortality exists in hemodialysis patients with HDL between 50 and <60 mg/dL exhibiting the best survival. The underlying mechanisms responsible for these seemingly paradoxical associations await further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Moradi
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Elani Streja
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Moti L Kashyap
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA Atherosclerosis Research Center, Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Gregg C Fonarow
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
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Suhy A, Hartmann K, Newman L, Papp A, Toneff T, Hook V, Sadee W. Genetic variants affecting alternative splicing of human cholesteryl ester transfer protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 443:1270-4. [PMID: 24393849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays an important role in reverse cholesterol transport, with decreased CETP activity increasing HDL levels. Formation of an alternative splice form lacking exon 9 (Δ9-CETP) has been associated with two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in high linkage disequilibrium with each other, namely rs9930761 T>C located in intron 8 in a putative splicing branch site and rs5883 C>T in a possible exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) site in exon 9. To assess the relative effect of rs9930761 and rs5883 on splicing, mini-gene constructs spanning CETP exons 8 to 10, carrying all four possible allele combinations, were transfected into HEK293 and HepG2 cells. The minor T allele of rs5883 enhanced splicing significantly in both cell lines whereas the minor C allele of rs9930761 did not. In combination, the two alleles did not yield greater splicing than the rs5883 T allele alone in HepG2 cells. These results indicate that the genetic effect on CETP splicing is largely attributable to rs5883. We also confirm that Δ9-CETP protein is expressed in the liver but fails to circulate in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Suhy
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 5184A Graves Hall, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Katherine Hartmann
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 5184A Graves Hall, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Leslie Newman
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 5184A Graves Hall, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Audrey Papp
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 5184A Graves Hall, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Thomas Toneff
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Vivian Hook
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wolfgang Sadee
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 5184A Graves Hall, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Yokoyama S. A potential screening factor for accumulation of cholesteyl ester transfer protein deficiency in East Asia: Schistosoma japonicum. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:495-504. [PMID: 24388961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)-deficiency manifests a unique plasma lipoprotein profile without other apparent symptoms. It is highly common in East Asia while rather rare anywhere else. A potential environmental screening factor(s) may therefore contribute to this eccentric distribution, such as its selective advantage against a regional illness, most likely an infectious disease, in relation to plasma lipoproteins. Blood flukes use the host plasma lipoproteins as nutrient sources through the lipoprotein receptor-like systems. Its Asian-specific species, Schistosoma (S) japonicum, which has been endemic in East Asia, takes up cholesteryl ester (CE) from high-density lipoprotein (HDL) for the embryonation of their eggs to miracidia, a critical step of the hepatic pathogenesis of this parasite, but poorly from HDL of CETP-deficiency. CD36-related protein (CD36RP) was cloned from the adults and the eggs of S. japonicum, with 1880-bp encoding 506 amino-acid residues exhibiting the CD36 domains and two transmembrane regions. Its extracellular domain selectively bound human HDL but neither LDL nor CETP-deficiency HDL, and the antibody against the extracellular domain suppressed the selective HDL-CE uptake and embryonation of the eggs. When infected with S. japonicum, wild-type mice developed less hepatic granulomatosis than CETP-transgenic mice by the ectopic egg embryonation. CD36RP is thus a candidate receptor of S. japonicum to facilitate uptake of HDL-CE necessary for egg embryonation. Abnormal HDL caused by CETP-deficiency retards this process and thereby protects the patients from development of hepatic lesions. S. japonicum infection is a potential screening factor for high prevalence of CETP deficiency in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yokoyama
- Nutritional Health Science Research Center, Chubu University, Matsumoto-cho 1200, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan.
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Hirano KI, Nagasaka H, Kobayashi K, Yamaguchi S, Suzuki A, Toda T, Doyu M. Disease-associated marked hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2014; 1:264-268. [PMID: 27896098 PMCID: PMC5121302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Marked hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HAL) is a heterogeneous syndrome. To clarify the pathophysiological significance of HAL, we compared clinical profiles between marked HAL subjects with and without cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) deficiency. CETP deficiency was associated with cardiovascular diseases and strokes in the HAL population, particularly in female. HAL women without CETP deficiency tended to have higher prevalence with cancer history. HAL may not always be a longevity marker, but be sometimes accompanied with pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Hirano
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Laboratory for Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 6-2-3, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan. Fax: + 81 6 6872 8219.
| | - Hironori Nagasaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Takarazuka City Hospital, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665-0827, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kobayashi
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Manabu Doyu
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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Gotto AM, Moon JE. Safety of inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein with anacetrapib: the DEFINE study. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2013; 10:955-63. [PMID: 23030283 DOI: 10.1586/erc.12.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein is a strategy under investigation for raising HDL cholesterol levels and addressing residual cardiovascular risk after effective reduction of LDL cholesterol. In the Phase III DEFINE trial conducted in patients with or at high risk for coronary heart disease, anacetrapib reduced LDL cholesterol levels by 39.8% after 24 weeks compared with placebo and demonstrated an acceptable safety profile through 76 weeks of treatment (the primary end points). Anacetrapib caused a placebo-adjusted 138.1% increase in HDL cholesterol levels, with no alterations in blood pressure, aldosterone or electrolytes. The trial also provided reassurance that anacetrapib would not be associated with a 25% increase in cardiovascular events, as seen with a previous cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor. Sustained effects on lipids were observed 12 weeks following cessation of anacetrapib treatment. Anacetrapib is being evaluated in an ongoing cardiovascular outcomes trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio M Gotto
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1305 York Avenue Y-806, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Functional characterization of novel variants in the CETP promoter and the LIPC gene in subjects with hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 416:92-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kujiraoka T, Nakamoto T, Sugimura H, Iwasaki T, Ishihara M, Hoshi T, Horie Y, Ogawa K, Todoroki M, Nakatani Y, Banba N, Yasu T, Hattori H. Clinical Significance of Plasma Apolipoprotein F in Japanese Healthy and Hypertriglyceridemic Subjects. J Atheroscler Thromb 2013; 20:380-90. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Sbrana F, Puntoni M, Bigazzi F, Landi P, Sampietro T, Rossi G, Rovai D. High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Coronary Artery Disease: When Higher Means Later. J Atheroscler Thromb 2013; 20:23-31. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Hooper AJ, Burnett JR. Dalcetrapib , a cholesteryl ester transfer protein modulator. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:1427-32. [PMID: 22725099 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.699040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays an important role in reverse cholesterol transport by transferring cholesteryl esters from high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to the apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. Inhibition of CETP is a target to increase HDL-cholesterol and potentially reduce atherosclerosis. Dalcetrapib is an orally administered CETP inhibitor developed for the treatment of primary hypercholesterolaemia and mixed hyperlipidaemia. AREAS COVERED AREAS COVERED are: mode of action, preclinical development and clinical trials of dalcetrapib, a CETP modulator. The article provides an understanding of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of dalcetrapib and insight into its clinical efficacy and safety. In clinical trials, dalcetrapib produced significant elevations in HDL-cholesterol when taken alone or in combination with statin with no effect on blood pressure or expression of genes involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. EXPERT OPINION Although dalcetrapib is the least potent CETP inhibitor, it does not impair the formation of CETP-induced pre-β HDL, which might be needed to increase reverse cholesterol transport. While dalcetrapib is well-tolerated and does not show major side effects, the recent interim results of the Phase III dal-OUTCOMES trial have shown the lack of a clinically meaningful benefit, and further testing of the drug has been halted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Hooper
- Royal Perth Hospital, Department of Core Clinical Pathology & Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Perth, Western Australia
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Davidson MH. HDL and CETP Inhibition: Will This DEFINE the Future? CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2012; 14:384-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s11936-012-0191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pan SL, Wang F, Lu ZP, Liu CW, Hu CY, Luo H, Peng JH, Luo XQ, Pang GF, Lu SH, Wu HY, Huang LJ, Yin RX. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqIB polymorphism and its association with serum lipid levels and longevity in Chinese Bama Zhuang population. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:26. [PMID: 22336474 PMCID: PMC3298723 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TaqIB polymorphism in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene has been reported to be associated with serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and longevity in several populations, but controversial results also arose probably due to racial/ethnic diversity. Bama is a remote and mountainous county located in the northwest of Guangxi, People's Republic of China, which has been well known for its longevity for centuries. The current study was to investigate the possible association of CETP TaqIB polymorphism with serum lipid levels and longevity in the Bama Zhuang population. METHODS The CETP TaqIB genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism in 523 long-lived inhabitants (long-lived group, LG; aged 90-107 years) and 498 healthy controls without longevity family history (non-long-lived group, non-LG; aged 40-69 years) residing in Bama County. RESULTS The levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were higher but TG, HDL-C/LDL-C ratio and the prevalence of dyslipidemia were lower in LG than in non-LG (P < 0.001 for all). There were no differences in the allelic and genotypic frequencies between the two groups (P > 0.05). Serum HDL-C levels and HDL-C/LDL-C ratio in LG were different among the genotypes (P < 0.01 for each), the subjects with B2B2 and B1B2 genotyes had higher HDL-C levels and HDL-C/LDL-C ratio than the subjects with B1B1genotye, whereas the levels of TC and HDL-C in non-LG were different among/between the genotypes (P < 0.01 for each), the B2 allele carriers had lower TC and higher HDL-C levels than the B2 allele noncarriers. Serum TG and HDL-C levels and HDL-C/LDL-C ratio were correlated with genotypes in LG, whereas serum TC and HDL-C levels were associated with genotypes in non-LG (P < 0.05-0.001). CONCLUSIONS The association of CETP TaqIB polymorphism and serum lipid profiles is different between LG and non-LG in the Chinese Bama Zhuang population. CETP TaqIB polymorphism might be one of the longevity-related genetic factors in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ling Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Ping Lu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 85 Hedi Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Wu Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-You Hu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 85 Hedi Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hua Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Fang Pang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 85 Hedi Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Hua Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Yu Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Jin Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Hooper AJ, Burnett JR. Anacetrapib, a cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2011; 21:103-9. [PMID: 22191425 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.642499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) has the ability to increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels and potentially reduce cardiovascular risk. The first CETP inhibitor, torcetrapib, was discontinued due to off-target effects resulting in increased mortality. However, anacetrapib does not appear to exhibit these effects and is being developed as a selective inhibitor of CETP to be orally administered for the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia and mixed hyperlipidemia. AREAS COVERED Areas covered are: mode of action, preclinical development and clinical trials of anacetrapib, a CETP inhibitor. The article provides an understanding of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of anacetrapib and insight into its clinical efficacy and safety. In clinical trials, anacetrapib produced dose-dependent elevations in HDL-cholesterol and reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. Furthermore, anacetrapib has been shown to increase apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and decrease apoB levels. EXPERT OPINION Anacetrapib is a potent, reversible CETP inhibitor that is not only able to increase HDL-cholesterol, but also further decrease LDL-cholesterol when taken in combination with a statin. Safety and tolerability studies reported to date are promising. The results from Phase III trials investigating the efficacy of anacetrapib for the prevention of major coronary events in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disorders are awaited with interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Hooper
- Royal Perth Hospital, Department of Core Clinical Pathology & Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Perth, Western Australia
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Parra ES, Urban A, Panzoldo NB, Nakamura RT, Oliveira R, de Faria EC. A reduction of CETP activity, not an increase, is associated with modestly impaired postprandial lipemia and increased HDL-cholesterol in adult asymptomatic women. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:87. [PMID: 21609439 PMCID: PMC3125351 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between CETP and postprandial hyperlipemia is still unclear. We verified the effects of varying activities of plasma CETP on postprandial lipemia and precocious atherosclerosis in asymptomatic adult women. Methods Twenty-eight women, selected from a healthy population sample (n = 148) were classified according to three CETP levels, all statistically different: CETP deficiency (CETPd ≤ 4.5%, n = 8), high activity (CETPi ≥ 23.8, n = 6) and controls (CTL, CETP ≥ 4.6% and ≤ 23.7%, n = 14). After a 12 h fast they underwent an oral fat tolerance test (40 g of fat/m2 of body surface area) for 8 hours. TG, TG-rich-lipoproteins (TRL), cholesterol and TRL-TG measurements (AUC, AUIC, AR, RR and late peaks) and comparisons were performed on all time points. Lipases and phospholipids transfer protein (PLTP) were determined. Correlation between carotid atherosclerosis (c-IMT) and postprandial parameters was determined. CETP TaqIB and I405V and ApoE-ε3/ε2/ε4 polymorphisms were examined. To elucidate the regulation of increased lipemia in CETPd a multiple linear regression analysis was performed. Results In the CETPi and CTL groups, CETP activity was respectively 9 and 5.3 higher compared to the CETPd group. Concentrations of all HDL fractions and ApoA-I were higher in the CETPd group and clearance was delayed, as demonstrated by modified lipemia parameters (AUC, AUIC, RR, AR and late peaks and meal response patterns). LPL or HL deficiencies were not observed. No genetic determinants of CETP deficiency or of postprandial lipemia were found. Correlations with c-IMT in the CETPd group indicated postprandial pro-atherogenic associations. In CETPd the regression multivariate analysis (model A) showed that CETP was largely and negatively predicted by VLDL-C lipemia (R2 = 92%) and much less by TG, LDL-C, ApoAI, phospholipids and non-HDL-C. CETP (model B) influenced mainly the increment in ApoB-100 containing lipoproteins (R2 = 85% negatively) and phospholipids (R2 = 13%), at the 6thh point. Conclusion The moderate CETP deficiency phenotype included a paradoxically high HDL-C and its sub fractions (as earlier described), positive associations with c-IMT, a postprandial VLDL-C increment predicting negatively CETP activity and CETP activity regulating inversely the increment in ApoB100-containing lipoproteins. We hypothesize that the enrichment of TG content in triglyceride-rich ApoB-containing lipoproteins and in TG rich remnants increases lipoproteins' competition to active lipolysis sites,reducing their catabolism and resulting on postprandial lipemia with atherogenic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane S Parra
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Lipid Laboratory and Center for Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, Campinas 13084-971, Brazil
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Plengpanich W, Le Goff W, Poolsuk S, Julia Z, Guerin M, Khovidhunkit W. CETP deficiency due to a novel mutation in the CETP gene promoter and its effect on cholesterol efflux and selective uptake into hepatocytes. Atherosclerosis 2011; 216:370-3. [PMID: 21354572 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the genetic variant in the CETP gene of the proband with high HDL-C and low CETP activity and to investigate whether HDL from the CETP-deficient subject was dysfunctional in the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway. METHODS We sequenced the CETP gene and assessed its promoter activity. Cholesterol efflux and hepatic cholesteryl ester delivery studies were also performed using the proband's HDL. RESULTS A proband was a compound heterozygote for a known D459G variant and a novel 18-bp deletion mutation in the CETP promoter. This promoter mutation markedly reduced the transcriptional activity in HepG2 cells. HDL2 from this subject increased SR-BI-mediated cholesterol efflux, whereas cholesteryl ester delivery into hepatocytes was maintained. CONCLUSION A novel deletion mutation in the CETP promoter is associated with high HDL-C and decreased promoter activity. HDL from this CETP-deficient subject was not dysfunctional in mediating two main steps of RCT assessed in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanee Plengpanich
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Iwasaki Y, Takahashi M, Nozu K, Matsumoto S, Koshiyama H. Two adjacent mutations on chromosome 16 discovered in a patient presenting with generalized convulsions after influenza A virus infection. Intern Med 2011; 50:2179-83. [PMID: 21970949 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.50.5515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 49-year-old otherwise healthy man was admitted to our hospital because of repeated generalized convulsions after influenza A virus infection. His family history was notable for consanguinity of parents. Initial laboratory tests revealed metabolic alkalosis with hypomagnesemia, as well as an elevated high density lipoprotein cholesterol level. He was diagnosed with Gitelman's syndrome and cholesteryl ester transfer protein deficiency by identifying homozygous mutations of causative genes, SLC12A3 and CETP, respectively. These two genes are located in the vicinity on chromosome 16, suggesting the possibility of autozygosity. This is the first case report highlighting the co-existence of these genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorihiro Iwasaki
- Center for Diabetes & Endocrinology, The Tazuke Kofukai Foundation Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital, Japan.
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50
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Wilke RA. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol: leveraging practice-based biobank cohorts to characterize clinical and genetic predictors of treatment outcome. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2010; 11:162-73. [PMID: 21151197 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2010.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, large multicenter trials have unequivocally demonstrated that decreasing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol can reduce both primary and secondary cardiovascular events in patients at risk. However, even in the context of maximal LDL lowering, there remains considerable residual cardiovascular risk. Some of this risk can be attributed to variability in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. As such, there is tremendous interest in defining determinants of HDL homeostasis. Risk prediction models are being constructed based upon (1) clinical contributors, (2) known molecular determinants and (3) the genetic architecture underlying HDL cholesterol levels. To date, however, no single resource has combined these factors within the context of a practice-based data set. Recently, a number of academic medical centers have begun constructing DNA biobanks linked to secure encrypted versions of their respective electronic medical record. As these biobanks combine resources, the clinical community is in a position to characterize lipid-related treatment outcome on an unprecedented scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Wilke
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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