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Choi JC. Perinuclear organelle trauma at the nexus of cardiomyopathy pathogenesis arising from loss of function LMNA mutation. Nucleus 2025; 16:2449500. [PMID: 39789731 PMCID: PMC11730615 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2449500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2024] [Revised: 12/22/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025] Open
Abstract
Over the past 25 years, nuclear envelope (NE) perturbations have been reported in various experimental models with mutations in the LMNA gene. Although the hypothesis that NE perturbations from LMNA mutations are a fundamental feature of striated muscle damage has garnered wide acceptance, the molecular sequalae provoked by the NE damage and how they underlie disease pathogenesis such as cardiomyopathy (LMNA cardiomyopathy) remain poorly understood. We recently shed light on one such consequence, by employing a cardiomyocyte-specific Lmna deletion in vivo in the adult heart. We observed extensive NE perturbations prior to cardiac function deterioration with collateral damage in the perinuclear space. The Golgi is particularly affected, leading to cytoprotective stress responses that are likely disrupted by the progressive deterioration of the Golgi itself. In this review, we discuss the etiology of LMNA cardiomyopathy with perinuclear 'organelle trauma' as the nexus between NE damage and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Choi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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2
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Yao H, Wu R, Du D, Ai F, Yang F, Li Y, Qi S. Flavonoids from Polypodium hastatum as neuroprotective agents attenuate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in vitro and in vivo via activating Nrf2. Redox Rep 2025; 30:2440204. [PMID: 39702961 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2024.2440204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cerebral ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide. Though timely reperfusion reduces the infarction size, it exacerbates neuronal apoptosis due to oxidative stress. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor regulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Activating Nrf2 gives a therapeutic approach to ischemic stroke. METHODS Herein we explored flavonoids identified from Polypodium hastatum as Nrf2 activators and their protective effects on PC12 cells injured by oxygen and glucose deprivation/restoration (OGD/R) as well as middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice. RESULTS The results showed among these flavonoids, AAKR significantly improved the survival of PC12 cells induced by OGD/R and activated Nrf2 in a Keap1-dependent manner. Further investigations have disclosed AAKR attenuated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and following apoptosis resulting from OGD/R. Meanwhile, activation of Nrf2 by AAKR was involved in the protective effects. Finally, it was found that AAKR could protect MCAO mice brains against ischemia/reperfusion injury via activating Nrf2. DISCUSSION This investigation could provide lead compounds for the discovery of novel Nrf2 activators targeting ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huankai Yao
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqing Wu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Du
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengwei Ai
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Suhua Qi
- School of Medical Technology & Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
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3
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Ramon A, Ni M, Predeina O, Gaffey R, Kunz P, Onuoha S, Sormanni P. Prediction of protein biophysical traits from limited data: a case study on nanobody thermostability through NanoMelt. MAbs 2025; 17:2442750. [PMID: 39772905 PMCID: PMC11730357 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2442750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2024] [Revised: 12/10/2024] [Accepted: 12/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
In-silico prediction of protein biophysical traits is often hindered by the limited availability of experimental data and their heterogeneity. Training on limited data can lead to overfitting and poor generalizability to sequences distant from those in the training set. Additionally, inadequate use of scarce and disparate data can introduce biases during evaluation, leading to unreliable model performances being reported. Here, we present a comprehensive study exploring various approaches for protein fitness prediction from limited data, leveraging pre-trained embeddings, repeated stratified nested cross-validation, and ensemble learning to ensure an unbiased assessment of the performances. We applied our framework to introduce NanoMelt, a predictor of nanobody thermostability trained with a dataset of 640 measurements of apparent melting temperature, obtained by integrating data from the literature with 129 new measurements from this study. We find that an ensemble model stacking multiple regression using diverse sequence embeddings achieves state-of-the-art accuracy in predicting nanobody thermostability. We further demonstrate NanoMelt's potential to streamline nanobody development by guiding the selection of highly stable nanobodies. We make the curated dataset of nanobody thermostability freely available and NanoMelt accessible as a downloadable software and webserver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubin Ramon
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mingyang Ni
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olga Predeina
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca Gaffey
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick Kunz
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Pietro Sormanni
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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4
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Yang J, Qureshi M, Kolli R, Peacock TP, Sadeyen JR, Carter T, Richardson S, Daines R, Barclay WS, Brown IH, Iqbal M. The haemagglutinin gene of bovine-origin H5N1 influenza viruses currently retains receptor-binding and pH-fusion characteristics of avian host phenotype. Emerg Microbes Infect 2025; 14:2451052. [PMID: 39803980 PMCID: PMC11776067 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2025.2451052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Revised: 01/01/2025] [Accepted: 01/05/2025] [Indexed: 01/29/2025]
Abstract
Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) has caused a panzootic affecting all continents except Australia, expanding its host range to several mammalian species. In March 2024, H5N1 HPAIV was first detected in dairy cattle and goats in the United States. Over 891 dairy farms across 16 states have tested positive until 25 December 2024, with zoonotic infections reported among dairy workers. This raises concerns about the virus undergoing evolutionary changes in cattle that could enhance its zoonotic potential. The Influenza glycoprotein haemagglutinin (HA) facilitates entry into host cells through receptor binding and pH-induced fusion with cellular membranes. Adaptive changes in HA modulate virus-host cell interactions. This study compared the HA genes of cattle and goat H5N1 viruses with the dominant avian-origin clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 in the United Kingdom, focusing on receptor binding, pH fusion, and thermostability. All the tested H5N1 viruses showed binding exclusively to avian-like receptors, with a pH fusion of 5.9, outside the pH range associated with efficient human airborne transmissibility (pH 5.0-5.5). We further investigated the impact of emerging HA substitutions seen in the ongoing cattle outbreaks, but saw little phenotypic difference, with continued exclusive binding to avian-like receptor analogues and pHs of fusion above 5.8. This suggests that the HA genes from the cattle and goat outbreaks do not pose an enhanced threat compared to circulating avian viruses. However, given the rapid evolution of H5 viruses, continuous monitoring and updated risk assessments remain essential to understanding virus zoonotic and pandemic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas P. Peacock
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Wendy S. Barclay
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
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5
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Valle J. Biofilm-associated proteins: from the gut biofilms to neurodegeneration. Gut Microbes 2025; 17:2461721. [PMID: 39898557 PMCID: PMC11792866 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2461721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2024] [Revised: 12/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2025] [Indexed: 02/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Human microbiota form a biofilm with substantial consequences for health and disease. Numerous studies have indicated that microbial communities produce functional amyloids as part of their biofilm extracellular scaffolds. The overlooked interplay between bacterial amyloids and the host may have detrimental consequences for the host, including neurodegeneration. This work gives an overview of the biofilm-associated amyloids expressed by the gut microbiota and their potential role in neurodegeneration. It discusses the biofilm-associated proteins (BAPs) of the gut microbiota, maps the amyloidogenic domains of these proteins, and analyzes the presence of bap genes within accessory genomes linked with transposable elements. Furthermore, the evidence supporting the existence of amyloids in the gut are presented. Finally, it explores the potential interactions between BAPs and α-synuclein, extending the literature on amyloid cross-kingdom interactions. Based on these findings, this study propose that BAP amyloids act as transmissible catalysts, facilitating the misfolding, accumulation, and spread of α-synuclein aggregates. This review contributes to the understanding of complex interactions among the microbiota, transmissible elements, and host, which is crucial for developing novel therapeutic approaches to combat microbiota-related diseases and improve overall health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaione Valle
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
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6
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Lee H, Park H, Kwak K, Lee CE, Yun J, Lee D, Lee JH, Lee SH, Kang LW. Structural comparison of substrate-binding pockets of serine β-lactamases in classes A, C, and D. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2025; 40:2435365. [PMID: 39714271 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2435365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024] Open
Abstract
β-lactams have been the most successful antibiotics, but the rise of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria threatens their effectiveness. Serine β-lactamases (SBLs), among the most common causes of resistance, are classified as A, C, and D, with numerous variants complicating structural and substrate spectrum comparisons. This study compares representative SBLs of these classes, focusing on the substrate-binding pocket (SBP). SBP is kidney bean-shaped on the indented surface, formed mainly by loops L1, L2, and L3, and an additional loop Lc in class C. β-lactams bind in a conserved orientation, with the β-lactam ring towards L2 and additional rings towards the space between L1 and L3. Structural comparison shows each class has distinct SBP structures, but subclasses share a conserved scaffold. The SBP structure, accommodating complimentary β-lactams, determines the substrate spectrum of SBLs. The systematic comparison of SBLs, including structural compatibility between β-lactams and SBPs, will help understand their substrate spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonmin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjae Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwoong Kwak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Eun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Yun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hun Lee
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Drug Resistance Proteomics, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Lee
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Drug Resistance Proteomics, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Lin-Woo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Li P, Ma W, Cheng J, Zhan C, Lu H, Shen J, Zhou X. Phages adapt to recognize an O-antigen polysaccharide site by mutating the "backup" tail protein ORF59, enabling reinfection of phage-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Emerg Microbes Infect 2025; 14:2455592. [PMID: 39817558 PMCID: PMC11795761 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2025.2455592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2024] [Revised: 12/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
Phages demonstrate remarkable promise as antimicrobial agents against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, the emergence of phage-resistant strains poses challenges to their effective application. In this paper, we presented the isolation of a phage adaptive mutant that demonstrated enhanced and sustained antibacterial efficacy through the co-evolution of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) 111-2 and phage ZX1Δint in vitro. Our experiments revealed that phage ZX1Δint successfully completed the adsorption phase by binding to the host surface, specifically targeting the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) receptor via the primary receptor-binding protein (RBP) ORF60 and the auxiliary RBP ORF59. Upon exposure to phage predation, mutations in genes wbaP, wbaZ or wzc, which encode the synthesis of the CPS, conferred resistance by reducing phage adsorption. In response to these host defense mechanisms, the adaptive mutant phages have evolved to utilize an alternative binding site located on an O-antigen site of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through a mutation in the backup RBP ORF59. This evolutionary change enabled the phages to reinfect previously phage-resistant strains. Notably, the adaptive mutant phage PR2 carrying the ORF59 mutation Q777R, demonstrated the capacity to infect both wild-type and resistant strains, exhibiting prolonged antimicrobial activity against the wild strains. In conclusion, our findings elucidated a complex phage-host adsorption-antagonism mechanism characterized by mutation-driven alterations in phage receptor recognition. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of phage adaptability and highlights the potential for phages to combat phage-resistant bacteria through an in vitro evolutionary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuixing Zhan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- National Clinical Research Center, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayin Shen
- National Clinical Research Center, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Meza-Torres J, Tinevez JY, Crouzols A, Mary H, Kim M, Hunault L, Chamorro-Rodriguez S, Lejal E, Altamirano-Silva P, Groussard D, Gobaa S, Peltier J, Chassaing B, Dupuy B. Clostridioides difficile binary toxin CDT induces biofilm-like persisting microcolonies. Gut Microbes 2025; 17:2444411. [PMID: 39719371 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2444411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 12/09/2024] [Indexed: 12/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical symptoms of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) range from diarrhea to pseudomembranous colitis. A major challenge in managing CDI is the high rate of relapse. Several studies correlate the production of CDT binary toxin by clinical strains of C. difficile with higher relapse rates. Although the mechanism of action of CDT on host cells is known, its exact contribution to CDI is still unclear. To understand the physiological role of CDT during CDI, we established two hypoxic relevant intestinal models, Transwell and Microfluidic Intestine-on-Chip systems. Both were challenged with the epidemic strain UK1 CDT+ and its isogenic CDT- mutant. We report that CDT induces mucin-associated microcolonies that increase C. difficile colonization and display biofilm-like properties by enhancing C. difficile resistance to vancomycin. Importantly, biofilm-like microcolonies were also observed in the cecum and colon of infected mice. Hence, our study shows that CDT induces biofilm-like microcolonies, increasing C. difficile persistence and risk of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin Meza-Torres
- Pathogenesis of Bacterial Anaerobes, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR-CNRS 6047, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Tinevez
- Image Analysis Hub, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Aline Crouzols
- Pathogenesis of Bacterial Anaerobes, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR-CNRS 6047, Paris, France
| | - Héloïse Mary
- Biomaterials and Microfluidics Core Facility, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Minhee Kim
- Biomaterials and Microfluidics Core Facility, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lise Hunault
- Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Susan Chamorro-Rodriguez
- Pathogenesis of Bacterial Anaerobes, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR-CNRS 6047, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Lejal
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pamela Altamirano-Silva
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Samy Gobaa
- Biomaterials and Microfluidics Core Facility, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Johann Peltier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Microbiome-Host Interactions, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1306, Paris, France
- Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Dupuy
- Pathogenesis of Bacterial Anaerobes, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR-CNRS 6047, Paris, France
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9
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Zhang M, Lu Z. tRNA modifications: greasing the wheels of translation and beyond. RNA Biol 2025; 22:1-25. [PMID: 39723662 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2024.2442856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/11/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is one of the most abundant RNA types in cells, acting as an adaptor to bridge the genetic information in mRNAs with the amino acid sequence in proteins. Both tRNAs and small fragments processed from them play many nonconventional roles in addition to translation. tRNA molecules undergo various types of chemical modifications to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of translation and regulate their diverse functions beyond translation. In this review, we discuss the biogenesis and molecular mechanisms of tRNA modifications, including major tRNA modifications, writer enzymes, and their dynamic regulation. We also summarize the state-of-the-art technologies for measuring tRNA modification, with a particular focus on 2'-O-methylation (Nm), and discuss their limitations and remaining challenges. Finally, we highlight recent discoveries linking dysregulation of tRNA modifications with genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhipeng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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10
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Loison L, Huré M, Lefranc B, Leprince J, Bôle-Feysot C, Coëffier M, Ribet D. Staphylococcus warneri dampens SUMOylation and promotes intestinal inflammation. Gut Microbes 2025; 17:2446392. [PMID: 39819277 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2446392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Gut bacteria play key roles in intestinal physiology, via the secretion of diversified bacterial effectors. Many of these effectors remodel the host proteome, either by altering transcription or by regulating protein post-translational modifications. SUMOylation, a ubiquitin-like post-translational modification playing key roles in intestinal physiology, is a target of gut bacteria. Mutualistic gut bacteria can promote SUMOylation, via the production of short- or branched-chain fatty acids (SCFA/BCFA). In contrast, several pathogenic bacteria were shown to dampen SUMOylation in order to promote infection. Here, we demonstrate that Staphylococcus warneri, a natural member of the human gut microbiota, decreases SUMOylation in intestinal cells. We identify that Warnericin RK, a hemolytic toxin secreted by S. warneri, targets key components of the host SUMOylation machinery, leading to the loss of SUMO-conjugated proteins. We further demonstrate that Warnericin RK promotes inflammation in intestinal and immune cells using both SUMO-dependent and SUMO-independent mechanisms. We finally show that Warnericin RK regulates the expression of genes involved in intestinal tight junctions. Together, these results highlight the diversity of mechanisms used by bacteria from the gut microbiota to manipulate host SUMOylation. They further highlight that changes in gut microbiota composition may impact intestinal inflammation, by altering the equilibrium between bacterial effectors promoting or dampening SUMOylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Loison
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN, UMR 1073 Nutrition, Inflammation and Microbiota-Gut-Brain axis, Rouen, France
| | - Marion Huré
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN, UMR 1073 Nutrition, Inflammation and Microbiota-Gut-Brain axis, Rouen, France
| | - Benjamin Lefranc
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, NorDiC, UMR 1239, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, NorDiC, UMR 1239, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Christine Bôle-Feysot
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN, UMR 1073 Nutrition, Inflammation and Microbiota-Gut-Brain axis, Rouen, France
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN, UMR 1073 Nutrition, Inflammation and Microbiota-Gut-Brain axis, CHU Rouen, Department of Nutrition, CIC-CRB1404, Rouen, France
| | - David Ribet
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN, UMR 1073 Nutrition, Inflammation and Microbiota-Gut-Brain axis, Rouen, France
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11
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Chen L, Wu Y, Lv T, Tuo R, Xiao Y. Mesenchymal stem cells enchanced by salidroside to inhibit ferroptosis and improve premature ovarian insufficiency via Keap1/Nrf2/GPX4 signaling. Redox Rep 2025; 30:2455914. [PMID: 39874130 PMCID: PMC11776066 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2025.2455914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regenerative medicine researches have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be an effective treatment method for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). However, the efficacy of MSCs is still limited. PURPOSE This study aims to explain whether salidroside and MSCs combination is a therapeutic strategy to POI and to explore salidroside-enhanced MSCs inhibiting ferroptosis via Keap1/Nrf2/GPX4 signaling. METHODS The effect of salidroside and MSCs on ovarian granular cells (GCs) was analyzed. After treatment, hormone levels and -fertility of rats were measured. Lipid peroxidation levels, iron deposition and mitochondrial morphology were detected. The genes and proteins of Keap1/Nrf2/GPX4 signaling were examined. RESULTS Salidroside and MSCs were found to inhibit cell death of GCs by reducing peroxidation and intracellular ferrous. Salidroside promotes the proliferation of MSCs and supports cell survival in ovary. Salidroside combined with MSCs therapy restored ovarian function, which was better than MSCs monotherapy. Salidroside-enhanced MSCs to inhibit ferroptosis. The results showed activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/GPX4 signaling and an increase in anti-ferroptosis molecule. CONCLUSIONS Salidroside-enhanced MSCs as a ferroptosis inhibitor and provide new therapeutic strategies for POI. The possible mechanisms of MSCs were related to maintaining redox homeostasis via a Keap1/Nrf2/GPX4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Pilot Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingnan Wu
- Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiying Lv
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Tuo
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Pilot Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Alayoubi AM, Ijaz A, Wali A, Hashmi JA, Alharbi A, Basit S. Zellweger syndrome; identification of mutations in PEX19 and PEX26 gene in Saudi families. Ann Med 2025; 57:2447400. [PMID: 39757991 PMCID: PMC11705544 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2447400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBD) affect multiple organ systems. It is characterized by neurological dysfunction, hypotonia, ocular anomalies, craniofacial abnormalities, and absence of peroxisomes in fibroblasts. PBDs are associated with mutations in any of fourteen different PEX genes, which are involved in peroxisome biogenesis. Zellweger spectrum disorder (ZSD) is a severe form of PBD. More than 90% of the ZSD cases have mutations in PEX1, PEX6, PEX10, PEX12, and PEX26. Mutations in the PEX19 gene are rarely associated with PBD/ZSD; however, a large proportion of PEX26 mutations are associated with ZSD. METHODS We recruited two Saudi families with multiple affected individuals with dysmorphic features, including hypertelorism, large open fontanelles, generalized hypotonia, and epicanthal folds with poor reflexes since birth. Whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing was performed to identify the genetic cause. The frequency and pathogenicity of the identified mutations were assessed using various online bioinformatics tools. RESULTS WES identified a novel nonsense variant (c.367C > T) in the PEX19 gene in family A patients. This nonsense mutation was predicted to cause premature termination (p.Gln123*). A previously reported synonymous variant (c.228C > T; p.Gly76Gly) in PEX26 was found in a patient from family B. Both variants were segregating in an autosomal recessive manner in the respective families. CONCLUSION The present study has added a novel nonsense mutation to the mutation spectrum of PEX19, which is the second null mutation identified to date. Moreover, in this study, the importance of a synonymous exonic variant of PEX26 close to the splice donor site was explored in relation to pre-mRNA splicing and resulting disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulfatah M. Alayoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine & Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Medina, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ambreen Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University Quetta, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wali
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Informatics, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Jamil A. Hashmi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine & Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Medina, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azizah Alharbi
- Department of Pediatrics, Medina Maternity and Children Hospital, King Salman bin Abdul Aziz Medical City, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulman Basit
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine & Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Medina, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang Y, Mo C, Ai P, He X, Xiao Q, Yang X. Pharmacomicrobiomics: a new field contributing to optimizing drug therapy in Parkinson's disease. Gut Microbes 2025; 17:2454937. [PMID: 39875349 PMCID: PMC11776486 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2454937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 01/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota, which act as a determinant of pharmacokinetics, have long been overlooked. In recent years, a growing body of evidence indicates that the gut microbiota influence drug metabolism and efficacy. Conversely, drugs also exert a substantial influence on the function and composition of the gut microbiota. Pharmacomicrobiomics, an emerging field focusing on the interplay of drugs and gut microbiota, provides a potential foundation for making certain advances in personalized medicine. Understanding the communication between gut microbiota and antiparkinsonian drugs is critical for precise treatment of Parkinson's disease. Here, we provide a historical overview of the interplay between gut microbiota and antiparkinsonian drugs. Moreover, we discuss potential mechanistic insights into the complex associations between gut microbiota and drug metabolism. In addition, we also draw attention to microbiota-based biomarkers for predicting antiparkinsonian drug efficacy and examine current state-of-the-art knowledge of microbiota-based strategies to optimize drug therapy in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjun Mo
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Penghui Ai
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin He
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Xiao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ren X, Zhao L, Hao Y, Huang X, Lv G, Zhou X. Copper-instigated modulatory cell mortality mechanisms and progress in kidney diseases. Ren Fail 2025; 47:2431142. [PMID: 39805816 PMCID: PMC11734396 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2431142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Copper is a vital cofactor in various enzymes, plays a pivotal role in maintaining cell homeostasis. When copper metabolism is disordered and mitochondrial dysfunction is impaired, programmed cell death such as apoptosis, paraptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, autophagy and necroptosis can be induced. In this review, we focus on the metabolic mechanisms of copper. In addition, we discuss the mechanism by which copper induces various programmed cell deaths. Finally, this review examines copper's involvement in prevalent kidney diseases such as acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. The findings indicate that the use of copper chelators or plant extracts can mitigate kidney damage by reducing copper accumulation, offering novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatment strategies for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiya Ren
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Limei Zhao
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yajie Hao
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiu Huang
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Guangna Lv
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Yang X, Gao X, Jiang X, Yue K, Luo P. Targeting capabilities of engineered extracellular vesicles for the treatment of neurological diseases. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:3076-3094. [PMID: 39435635 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in research on extracellular vesicles have significantly enhanced their potential as therapeutic agents for neurological diseases. Owing to their therapeutic properties and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, extracellular vesicles are recognized as promising drug delivery vehicles for various neurological conditions, including ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, glioma, and psychosis. However, the clinical application of natural extracellular vesicles is hindered by their limited targeting ability and short clearance from the body. To address these limitations, multiple engineering strategies have been developed to enhance the targeting capabilities of extracellular vesicles, thereby enabling the delivery of therapeutic contents to specific tissues or cells. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the latest advancements in natural and targeting-engineered extracellular vesicles, exploring their applications in treating traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, glioma, and psychosis. Additionally, we summarized recent clinical trials involving extracellular vesicles and discussed the challenges and future prospects of using targeting-engineered extracellular vesicles for drug delivery in treating neurological diseases. This review offers new insights for developing highly targeted therapies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Aldali F, Deng C, Nie M, Chen H. Advances in therapies using mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes for treatment of peripheral nerve injury: state of the art and future perspectives. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:3151-3171. [PMID: 39435603 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024] Open
Abstract
"Peripheral nerve injury" refers to damage or trauma affecting nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. Peripheral nerve injury results in movements or sensation impairments, and represents a serious public health problem. Although severed peripheral nerves have been effectively joined and various therapies have been offered, recovery of sensory or motor functions remains limited, and efficacious therapies for complete repair of a nerve injury remain elusive. The emerging field of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosome-based therapies hold promise for enhancing nerve regeneration and function. Mesenchymal stem cells, as large living cells responsive to the environment, secrete various factors and exosomes. The latter are nano-sized extracellular vesicles containing bioactive molecules such as proteins, microRNA, and messenger RNA derived from parent mesenchymal stem cells. Exosomes have pivotal roles in cell-to-cell communication and nervous tissue function, offering solutions to changes associated with cell-based therapies. Despite ongoing investigations, mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome-based therapies are in the exploratory stage. A comprehensive review of the latest preclinical experiments and clinical trials is essential for deep understanding of therapeutic strategies and for facilitating clinical translation. This review initially explores current investigations of mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in peripheral nerve injury, exploring the underlying mechanisms. Subsequently, it provides an overview of the current status of mesenchymal stem cell and exosome-based therapies in clinical trials, followed by a comparative analysis of therapies utilizing mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes. Finally, the review addresses the limitations and challenges associated with use of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, offering potential solutions and guiding future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Aldali
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chunchu Deng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mingbo Nie
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Song R, Yin S, Wu J, Yan J. Neuronal regulated cell death in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases: key pathways and therapeutic potentials. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:2245-2263. [PMID: 39104166 PMCID: PMC11759035 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (such as apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, cuproptosis, ferroptosis, disulfidptosis) involves complex signaling pathways and molecular effectors, and has been proven to be an important regulatory mechanism for regulating neuronal aging and death. However, excessive activation of regulated cell death may lead to the progression of aging-related diseases. This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of seven forms of regulated cell death in age-related diseases. Notably, the newly identified ferroptosis and cuproptosis have been implicated in the risk of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. These forms of cell death exacerbate disease progression by promoting inflammation, oxidative stress, and pathological protein aggregation. The review also provides an overview of key signaling pathways and crosstalk mechanisms among these regulated cell death forms, with a focus on ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and disulfidptosis. For instance, FDX1 directly induces cuproptosis by regulating copper ion valency and dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase aggregation, while copper mediates glutathione peroxidase 4 degradation, enhancing ferroptosis sensitivity. Additionally, inhibiting the Xc- transport system to prevent ferroptosis can increase disulfide formation and shift the NADP + /NADPH ratio, transitioning ferroptosis to disulfidptosis. These insights help to uncover the potential connections among these novel regulated cell death forms and differentiate them from traditional regulated cell death mechanisms. In conclusion, identifying key targets and their crosstalk points among various regulated cell death pathways may aid in developing specific biomarkers to reverse the aging clock and treat age-related neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
- Neuromolecular Biology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Shiyi Yin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
- Neuromolecular Biology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiannan Wu
- Neuromolecular Biology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Junqiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
- Neuromolecular Biology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
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Al Kabbani MA, Köhler C, Zempel H. Effects of P301L-TAU on post-translational modifications of microtubules in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons and TAU transgenic mice. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:2348-2360. [PMID: 38934386 PMCID: PMC11759014 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202508000-00025/figure1/v/2024-09-30T120553Z/r/image-tiff TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the axon. TAU is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as tauopathies. Microtubules are essential for neuronal function and regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications, changes of which affect microtubule stability and dynamics, microtubule interaction with other proteins and cellular structures, and mediate recruitment of microtubule-severing enzymes. As impairment of microtubule dynamics causes neuronal dysfunction, we hypothesize cognitive impairment in human disease to be impacted by impairment of microtubule dynamics. We therefore aimed to study the effects of a disease-causing mutation of TAU (P301L) on the levels and localization of microtubule post-translational modifications indicative of microtubule stability and dynamics, to assess whether P301L-TAU causes stability-changing modifications to microtubules. To investigate TAU localization, phosphorylation, and effects on tubulin post-translational modifications, we expressed wild-type or P301L-TAU in human MAPT -KO induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons (iNeurons) and studied TAU in neurons in the hippocampus of mice transgenic for human P301L-TAU (pR5 mice). Human neurons expressing the longest TAU isoform (2N4R) with the P301L mutation showed increased TAU phosphorylation at the AT8, but not the p-Ser-262 epitope, and increased polyglutamylation and acetylation of microtubules compared with endogenous TAU-expressing neurons. P301L-TAU showed pronounced somatodendritic presence, but also successful axonal enrichment and a similar axodendritic distribution comparable to exogenously expressed 2N4R-wildtype-TAU. P301L-TAU-expressing hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice showed prominent missorting and tauopathy-typical AT8-phosphorylation of TAU and increased polyglutamylation, but reduced acetylation, of microtubules compared with non-transgenic littermates. In sum, P301L-TAU results in changes in microtubule PTMs, suggestive of impairment of microtubule stability. This is accompanied by missorting and aggregation of TAU in mice but not in iNeurons. Microtubule PTMs/impairment may be of key importance in tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Aghyad Al Kabbani
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Köhler
- Center Anatomy, Department II, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Zempel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Li Y, Xue J, Ma Y, Ye K, Zhao X, Ge F, Zheng F, Liu L, Gao X, Wang D, Xia Q. The complex roles of m 6 A modifications in neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal and implications for memory and neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1582-1598. [PMID: 38845217 PMCID: PMC11688559 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m 6 A), the most prevalent and conserved RNA modification in eukaryotic cells, profoundly influences virtually all aspects of mRNA metabolism. mRNA plays crucial roles in neural stem cell genesis and neural regeneration, where it is highly concentrated and actively involved in these processes. Changes in m 6 A modification levels and the expression levels of related enzymatic proteins can lead to neurological dysfunction and contribute to the development of neurological diseases. Furthermore, the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, as well as nerve regeneration, are intimately linked to memory function and neurodegenerative diseases. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the roles of m 6 A in neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal, as well as its implications in memory and neurodegenerative diseases. m 6 A has demonstrated divergent effects on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. These observed contradictions may arise from the time-specific nature of m 6 A and its differential impact on neural stem cells across various stages of development. Similarly, the diverse effects of m 6 A on distinct types of memory could be attributed to the involvement of specific brain regions in memory formation and recall. Inconsistencies in m 6 A levels across different models of neurodegenerative disease, particularly Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, suggest that these disparities are linked to variations in the affected brain regions. Notably, the opposing changes in m 6 A levels observed in Parkinson's disease models exposed to manganese compared to normal Parkinson's disease models further underscore the complexity of m 6 A's role in neurodegenerative processes. The roles of m 6 A in neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal, and its implications in memory and neurodegenerative diseases, appear contradictory. These inconsistencies may be attributed to the time-specific nature of m 6 A and its varying effects on distinct brain regions and in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuejia Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ke Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fangliang Ge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Feifei Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Basic Medical Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Genetically Modified Animals, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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