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Almansour I, Jermy BR. Nucleic acid vaccine candidates encapsulated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles against MERS-CoV. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2346390. [PMID: 38691025 PMCID: PMC11067998 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2346390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a newly emergent, highly pathogenic coronavirus that is associated with 34% mortality rate. MERS-CoV remains listed as priority pathogen by the WHO. Since its discovery in 2012 and despite the efforts to develop coronaviruses vaccines to fight against SARS-CoV-2, there are currently no MERS-CoV vaccine that has been approved. Therefore, there is high demand to continue on the development of prophylactic vaccines against MERS-CoV. Current advancements in vaccine developments can be adapted for the development of improved MERS-CoV vaccines candidates. Nucleic acid-based vaccines, including pDNA and mRNA, are relatively new class of vaccine platforms. In this work, we developed pDNA and mRNA vaccine candidates expressing S.FL gene of MERS-CoV. Further, we synthesized a silane functionalized hierarchical aluminosilicate to encapsulate each vaccine candidates. We tested the nucleic acid vaccine candidates in mice and evaluated humoral antibodies response. Interestingly, we determined that the non-encapsulated, codon optimized S.FL pDNA vaccine candidate elicited the highest level of antibody responses against S.FL and S1 of MERS-CoV. Encapsulation of mRNA with nanoporous aluminosilicate increased the humoral antibody responses, whereas encapsulation of pDNA did not. These findings suggests that MERS-CoV S.FL pDNA vaccine candidate induced the highest level of humoral responses. This study will enhance further optimization of nanosilica as potential carrier for mRNA vaccines. In conclusion, this study suggests MERS-CoV pDNA vaccine candidate as a suitable vaccine platform for further pivotal preclinical testings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Almansour
- Nucleic Acid Vaccine Laboratory, Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations IRMC, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - B. Rabindran Jermy
- Department of Nanomedicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations IRMC, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Jesudason T, Sharomi O, Fleetwood K, Cheuk AL, Bermudez M, Schirrmacher H, Hauck C, Matthijnssens J, Hungerford D, Tordrup D, Carias C. Systematic literature review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of rotavirus genotypes in Europe and the Middle East in the post-licensure period. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2389606. [PMID: 39257173 PMCID: PMC11404614 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2389606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous systematic literature reviews of rotavirus genotype circulation in Europe and the Middle East are limited because they do not include country-specific prevalence data. This study documents country-specific evidence on the prevalence of rotavirus genotypes in Europe and the Middle East to enable more precise epidemiological modeling and contribute to the evidence-base about circulating rotavirus genotypes in the post-vaccination era. This study systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Scopus for all empirical epidemiological studies that presented genotype-specific surveillance data for countries in Europe and the Middle East published between 2006 and 2021. The STROBE checklist was used to assess the quality of included studies. Proportional meta-analysis was conducted using the generic inverse variance method with arcsine transformation and generalized linear-mixed models to summarize genotype prevalence. Our analysis estimated the genotype prevalence by country across three date categories corresponding with rotavirus seasons: 2006-2010, 2011-2015, 2016-2021. A total of 7601 deduplicated papers were identified of which 88 studies were included in the final review. Rotavirus genotypes exhibited significant variability across regions and time periods, with G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], G9P[8], and, to a lesser extent G12P[8], being the most prevalent genotypes through different regions and time-periods. Uncommon genotypes included G3P[9] in Poland, G2P[6] in Iraq, G4P[4] in Qatar, and G9P[4] as reported by the European Rotavirus Network. There was high genotype diversity with routinely identified genotypes being G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], and G9P[8]; there was high variability across time periods and regions. Continued surveillance at the national and regional levels is relevant to support further research and inform public health decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological VirologyRega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Hungerford
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Hosaini SF, Qader AQ, Neyazi M, Razaqi N, Satapathy P, Afzali H, Neyazi A. Orbital hydatid cyst and its successful treatment: A case report from Afghanistan. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2024; 36:102140. [PMID: 39224876 PMCID: PMC11367472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2024.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to underscore the rarity of intraorbital hydatid disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive exploration and documentation for effective management. Observations Clinical presentations include proptosis, visual deterioration, ocular motility disruptions, and chemosis. A case study of an 8-year-old boy with a retroorbital hydatid cyst successfully resected through a right transcaruncular orbitotomy approach is presented, highlighting surgical complexities and the efficacy of pre and post-operative albendazole therapy. Conclusion and Importance The successful excision and management of the intraorbital hydatid cyst underscore the significance of accurate diagnosis and precise surgical intervention. This case emphasizes the importance of expanding knowledge about this rare manifestation, contributing to enhanced diagnostic and treatment strategies for optimal outcomes in managing global health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Qadir Qader
- Radiology Department of Herat Medical Faculty, Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan
| | - Mehrab Neyazi
- Afghanistan Center for Epidemiological Studies, Herat, Afghanistan
| | - Nosaibah Razaqi
- Afghanistan Center for Epidemiological Studies, Herat, Afghanistan
| | - Prakasini Satapathy
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Habibah Afzali
- Afghanistan Center for Epidemiological Studies, Herat, Afghanistan
| | - Ahmad Neyazi
- Afghanistan Center for Epidemiological Studies, Herat, Afghanistan
- Scientific Affairs, Herat Regional Hospital, Herat, Afghanistan
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4
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Ghannam IA, Maraqa RM, Qawasmeh DS, Alsous RK, Jaber SMA, Ghatasha IAA, Ghannam YI. Impact of COVID-19 health precautions on asymptomatic Streptococcus pyogenes carriage in palestinian children: a pre- and post-pandemic study. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:1104. [PMID: 39367303 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus, GAS) is a significant pathogen that causes diverse infections, ranging from pharyngitis to severe invasive diseases. Asymptomatic carriage in children is pivotal for transmission. The COVID-19 pandemic's health measures, including mask wearing and enhanced hand hygiene, likely influenced GAS transmission dynamics. This study evaluated the impact of these precautions on the prevalence of asymptomatic pharyngeal GAS carriage among schoolchildren in the southern West Bank, Palestine. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in two phases: pre-COVID-19 (November 2019-January 2020) and post-COVID-19 (November 2023-April 2024). Throat swabs were collected from 701 children (345 pre-COVID-19, 356 post-COVID-19) via cluster sampling. The samples were tested with the ABON Strep A rapid test and confirmed by culture. Sociodemographic, health, and household data were also collected. The statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of asymptomatic pharyngeal GAS carriage declined from 15.7% pre-COVID-19 to 10.4% post-COVID-19 (p = 0.038). Significant reductions were observed among urban residents (23.5-10.1%, p = 0.003) and those from medium socioeconomic backgrounds (16.0-9.1%, p = 0.008). Compared with urban residents, rural residents had lower GAS carriage rates (adjusted OR = 0.505, p = 0.023). Carriage rates also decreased among children with frequent sore throats (17.6-7.3%, p = 0.007) and those using private wells (52.5-14.9%, p < 0.001). Higher BMI was a significant risk factor (adjusted OR = 17.68, p < 0.001), whereas frequent tooth brushing (adjusted OR = 0.055, p < 0.001) and hand washing (adjusted OR = 0.367, p < 0.001) were protective factors. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19-related health precautions were correlated with a significant reduction in asymptomatic GAS carriage among Palestinian children. These findings suggest that public health measures, such as mask wearing and hand hygiene, can influence the transmission of respiratory pathogens. Ongoing surveillance and targeted interventions are essential for managing GAS infections, particularly in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Amer Ghannam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Professions, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine.
| | - Rana Mahmoud Maraqa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Professions, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine
| | - Duha Shokri Qawasmeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Professions, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine
| | - Rania Khalil Alsous
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Professions, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine
| | - Sakra Mohammad Abu Jaber
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Professions, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine
| | - Iman Abd Almuti Ghatasha
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Professions, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine
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5
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Pacheco Da Silva E, Varraso R, Orsi L, Wiernik E, Goldberg M, Paris C, Fezeu LK, Ribet C, Nadif R, Carrat F, Touvier M, Zins M, Dumas O, Le Moual N. Changes in household use of disinfectant and cleaning products during the first lockdown period in France. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2691. [PMID: 39358770 PMCID: PMC11445968 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-20202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies evaluated the use of Household Disinfectant and Cleaning Products (HDCPs) during the COVID-19 pandemic, but no population-based cohorts used longitudinal data. We studied changes in HDCPs during the first lockdown, based on longitudinal data from the French population-based NutriNet-Santé and CONSTANCES cohorts. METHODS Based on standardized questionnaires on household cleaning tasks in 2018-2019 and around the first lockdown in France (March17-May3 2020), we compared the duration of weekly use of HDCPs (< 1 day/week, < 10 min/week; 10-30 min/week; > 30 min/week) and the household cleaning help (yes/no) before and during the lockdown period by Bhapkar and McNemar's tests. Moreover, we assessed self-reported changes in the frequency of HDCPs during the lockdown from before (unchanged/increased). RESULTS Analyses were carried on 31,105 participants of NutriNet-Santé (48 years, 75% women, 81% ≥ high school diploma) and 49,491 of CONSTANCES (47 years, 51% women, 87% ≥ high school diploma). During the lockdown, compared with 2018-2019, duration of HDCPs use increased (> 30 min; NutriNet-Santé: 44% versus 18%; CONSTANCES: 63% versus 16%) and household help decreased (NutriNet-Santé: 5% versus 40%; CONSTANCES: 3% versus 56%). Regarding the frequency of HDCPs use, 55% of participants of NutriNet-Santé (57% women/49% men) and 83% of CONSTANCES (86% women/81% men) reported an increased use since the beginning of the lockdown, significantly higher among women (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The frequency and duration of weekly use of HDCPs has significantly increased since the pandemic. As the use of HDCPs is associated with health issues, further studies are now needed to evaluate the potential health impacts of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Pacheco Da Silva
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Equipe d'Epidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, 94807, France.
| | - Raphaëlle Varraso
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Equipe d'Epidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, 94807, France
| | - Laurent Orsi
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Equipe d'Epidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, 94807, France
| | - Emmanuel Wiernik
- Université Paris Cité, Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, UMS 011 "Cohortes épidémiologiques en Population", Villejuif, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Université Paris Cité, Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, UMS 011 "Cohortes épidémiologiques en Population", Villejuif, France
| | - Christophe Paris
- Équipe d'Épidémiologie en Santé Au Travail Et Ergonomie (Ester), Université Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail (Irset), Inserm (U1085), École Des Hautes Études en Santé Publique (EHESP), Rennes, France
| | - Léopold K Fezeu
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Céline Ribet
- Université Paris Cité, Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, UMS 011 "Cohortes épidémiologiques en Population", Villejuif, France
| | - Rachel Nadif
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Equipe d'Epidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, 94807, France
| | - Fabrice Carrat
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre-Louis d'Epidémiologie Et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
- Département de Santé Publique, APHP.Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Marie Zins
- Université Paris Cité, Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, UMS 011 "Cohortes épidémiologiques en Population", Villejuif, France
| | - Orianne Dumas
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Equipe d'Epidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, 94807, France
| | - Nicole Le Moual
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Equipe d'Epidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, 94807, France
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Lee H, Liao JD, Tsai HP, Wang H, Sitjar J. Focused ion beam-fabricated nanorod substrate for label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and enabling dual virus detection. Talanta 2024; 278:126466. [PMID: 38944940 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic presents global challenges, notably with co-infections in respiratory tract involving SARS-CoV-2 variants and influenza strains. Detecting multiple viruses simultaneously is crucial for accurate diagnosis, effective tracking infectious sources, and containment of the epidemic. This study uses a label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method using Au NPs/pZrO2 (250) and FIB-made Au NRs (100) to detect dual viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (D) and influenza A (A) or B (B) virus. Results demonstrate distinct peaks facilitating virus differentiation, especially between D and A or B, with clear disparities between substrates; specific peaks at 950 and 1337 cm-1 are pivotal for discerning viruses using Au NPs/pZrO2 (250), while those at 1050, 1394, and 1450 cm-1 and 1033, 1165, 1337, and 1378 cm-1 are key for validation using Au NRs (100). Differences in substrate surface morphology and spatial disposition of accommodating viruses significantly influence hotspot formation and Raman signal amplification efficiency, thereby affecting the ability to distinguish various viruses. Furthermore, both substrates offer insights, even in the presence of oxymetazoline hydrochloride (an interfering substance), with practical implications in viral diagnosis. The customized design and reproducibility underscore efficient Raman signal amplification, even in challenging environments, highlighting potential for widespread virus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lee
- Laboratory of Engineered Materials for Biomedical Applications, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Jiunn-Der Liao
- Laboratory of Engineered Materials for Biomedical Applications, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Huey-Pin Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Hao Wang
- Laboratory of Engineered Materials for Biomedical Applications, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Jaya Sitjar
- Laboratory of Engineered Materials for Biomedical Applications, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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Moulding PB, El-Halfawy OM. Chemical-mediated virulence: the effects of host chemicals on microbial virulence and potential new antivirulence strategies. Can J Microbiol 2024; 70:405-425. [PMID: 38905704 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2024-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The rising antimicrobial resistance rates and declining antimicrobial discovery necessitate alternative strategies to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens. Targeting microbial virulence is an emerging area of interest. Traditionally, virulence factors were largely restricted to bacteria-derived toxins, adhesins, capsules, quorum sensing systems, secretion systems, factors required to sense, respond to, acquire, or synthesize, and utilize trace elements (such as iron and other metals) and micronutrients (such as vitamins), and other factors bacteria use to establish infection, form biofilms, or damage the host tissues and regulatory elements thereof. However, this traditional definition overlooks bacterial virulence that may be induced or influenced by host-produced metabolites or other chemicals that bacteria may encounter at the infection site. This review will discuss virulence from a non-traditional perspective, shedding light on chemical-mediated host-pathogen interactions and outlining currently available mechanistic insight into increased bacterial virulence in response to host factors. This review aims to define a possibly underestimated theme of chemically mediated host-pathogen interactions and encourage future validation and characterization of the contribution of host chemicals to microbial virulence in vivo. From this perspective, we discuss proposed antivirulence compounds and suggest new potential targets for antimicrobials that prevent chemical-mediated virulence. We also explore proposed host-targeting therapeutics reducing the level of host chemicals that induce microbial virulence, serving as virulence attenuators. Understanding the host chemical-mediated virulence may enable new antimicrobial solutions to fight multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peri B Moulding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Omar M El-Halfawy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
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8
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Murewanhema G, Moyo E, Dzobo M, Mandishora-Dube RS, Dzinamarira T. Human papilloma virus vaccination in the resource-limited settings of sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and recommendations. Vaccine X 2024; 20:100549. [PMID: 39263366 PMCID: PMC11388769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause 99% of all cervical cancer cases globally, with the high-risk genotypes 16 and 18 causing at least 70% of these cases. An estimated 90% of the global cervical cancer burden occurs in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Primary prevention through the administration of efficacious HPV vaccines is key to the World Health Organization's global strategy for accelerating the elimination of cervical cancer as a disease of public health concern. The rollout of HPV vaccination in SSA is faced with several challenges, such as the high cost of vaccine procurement, a lack of funding and political will from the central governments of countries, and inadequate infrastructure for vaccine cold chain storage and transport. Stigma, misinformation, lack of education and awareness, and vaccine hesitancy constitute the social factors that affect the successful rollout or implementation of vaccination programs in SSA. Based on the challenges SSA faces in rolling out HPV vaccination, we recommend using strategies that address both the demand-side and supply-side obstacles to HPV vaccination uptake. These include costs and availability, fighting vaccine hesitancy, and increasing vaccine confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Murewanhema
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe
| | - Enos Moyo
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Mathias Dzobo
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rachel S Mandishora-Dube
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Investigative Sciences, Medical Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe
| | - Tafadzwa Dzinamarira
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Refaey MS, Abosalem EF, Yasser El-Basyouni R, Elsheriri SE, Elbehary SH, Fayed MAA. Exploring the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants and their active principles in dental care: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37641. [PMID: 39318809 PMCID: PMC11420497 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the human population realized how important it was to maintain overall health and the weight of disease, they have been looking for therapeutic qualities in natural environments. The use of plants having medicinal qualities for the treatment and prevention of illnesses that may have an impact on general health is known as herbal medicine. There has been a noticeable increase in interest lately in the combination of synthetic contemporary medications and traditional herbal remedies. About 80 % of people rely on it for healthcare, particularly in developing nations. One important aspect of overall health is said to be oral healthcare. The World Health Organization views oral health as a crucial component of overall health and well-being. Because they are more readily available, less expensive, and have fewer adverse effects than pharmaceutical treatments, using natural medicines to treat pathologic oro-dental disorders can make sense. The current evaluation of the literature sought to investigate the range and scope of the use of herbal products and their secondary metabolites in maintaining oral health, encompassing several oral healthcare domains such as halitosis, gingivitis, periodontitis, and other oral disorders. Therefore, there are many herbs discussed in this work and their mechanism in the treatment and improvement of many oral ailments. Besides, compounds that are useful in oral treatment with their natural sources and the cases where they can be used. To prevent any possible side effects or drug interactions, a doctor's consultation is necessary before using dental medicine. Although herbal therapy is safe and with minimum side effects, it is also strongly advised to do a more thorough preclinical and clinical evaluation before using herbal medicines officially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Refaey
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Esraa Fawzy Abosalem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Rana Yasser El-Basyouni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Shymaa E Elsheriri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Sara Hassan Elbehary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Marwa A A Fayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
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10
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Wang H, Wang X, Cao Y, Chen Y, Zou Z, Lu X, Shan F, Tu J, Liu J, Liu J, Sa J, Zhou N, Peng SM, Zou JJ, Shen X, Zhai J, Chen Z, Holmes EC, Chen W, Shen Y. Identification of Corynebacterium ulcerans and Erysipelothrix sp. in Malayan pangolins-a potential threat to public health? mSphere 2024:e0055124. [PMID: 39345123 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00551-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2-like and Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-like viruses in Malayan pangolins has raised concerns about their potential role in the spread of zoonotic diseases. Herein, we describe the isolation and whole-genome sequencing of potentially zoonotic two bacterial pathogens from diseased Malaysian pangolins (Manis javanica)-Corynebacterium ulcerans and Erysipelothrix sp. The newly identified species were designated as C. ulcerans P69 and Erysipelothrix sp. P66. C. ulcerans P69 exhibited 99.2% whole-genome nucleotide identity to human bacterial isolate 4940, suggesting that it might have zoonotic potential. Notably, C. ulcerans P69 lacked the diphtheria toxin (tox) gene that is widely used in vaccines to protect humans from corynebacterial infection, which suggests that the current vaccine may be of limited efficacy against this pangolin strain. C. ulcerans P69 also contains other known virulence-associated genes such as pld and exhibits resistance to several antibiotics (erythromycin, clindamycin, penicillin G, gentamicin, tetracycline), which may affect its effective control. Erysipelothrix sp. P66 was closely related to Erysipelothrix sp. strain 2-related strains, exhibiting 98.8% whole-genome nucleotide identity. This bacterium is lethal in mice, and two commercial vaccines failed to protect its challenge, such that it could potentially pose a threat to the swine industry. Overall, this study highlights that, in addition to viruses, pangolins harbor bacteria that may pose a potential threat to humans and domestic animals, and which merit attention. IMPORTANCE This study firstly reports the presence of two potentially zoonotic bacteria, Corynebacterium ulcerans and Erysipelothrix sp., in diseased Malaysian pangolins collected in 2019. The pangolin C. ulcerans is lethal in mice and resists many antibiotics. It clustered with a lethal human strain but lacked the diphtheria toxin gene. Diphtheria toxin is widely used as a vaccine around the world to protect humans from the infection of corynebacteria. The lack of the tox gene suggests that the current vaccine may be of limited efficacy against this pangolin strain. The pangolin Erysipelothrix sp. is the sister clade of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. It is lethal in mice, and two commercial vaccines failed to protect the mice against challenge with the pangolin Erysipelothrix sp., such that this strain could potentially pose a threat to the swine industry. These findings emphasize the potential threat of pangolin bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiting Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zanjian Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingbang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Shan
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieying Tu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiameng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Sa
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Niu Zhou
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Ming Peng
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Jian Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Wildlife Monitoring and Rescue Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqiong Zhai
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zujin Chen
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Edward C Holmes
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wu Chen
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyi Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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11
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Fan L, Wu S, Wu Y, Xu X, Xu Z, Huang L, Chen G. Clinical data and quantitative CT parameters combined with machine learning to predict short-term prognosis of severe COVID-19 in the elderly. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37096. [PMID: 39309817 PMCID: PMC11415644 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale and objectives This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating clinical data and quantitative CT parameters with machine learning techniques in forecasting the short-term outcomes of severe COVID-19 in elderly patients. Materials and methods In this retrospective study, we analyzed the clinical profiles and chest quantitative CT parameters of 239 elderly patients with severe COVID-19 admitted for treatment. The cohort included 61 deceased patients (death group) and 178 who recovered and were discharged (survival group). The participants were randomly assigned into a training group (n = 167) and a validation group (n = 72). Quantitative CT parameters were measured using the 3D-Slicer software. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified independent risk factors for mortality. Predictive models were developed employing four machine learning algorithms: Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Results Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed age, hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and solid organ volume percentage (SOV%) as independent predictors of mortality. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) values for the LR, RF, DT, and SVM models in the training group were 0.795, 0.726, 0.854, and 0.589, respectively; for the validation group, they were 0.817, 0.634, 0.869, and 0.754, respectively. The DT algorithm outperformed other models in both the training and validation groups, emerging as the most effective predictive model in this study. Conclusion The combination of clinical data and quantitative CT parameters with machine learning approaches is highly valuable in predicting the short-term prognosis of severe COVID-19 in the elderly. Among the various models tested, the Decision Tree algorithm-based model proved to be the most accurate and reliable in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Fan
- School of Medical Imageology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Shujian Wu
- Department of Radiology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yimin Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, WuHu Hospital, East China Normal University (The Second People's Hospital, WuHu), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- School of Medical Imageology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xu
- School of Medical Imageology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Medical Imageology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Guoxian Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
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Ugochukwu ICI, Mendoza-Roldan JA, Rhimi W, Miglianti M, Odigie AE, Mosca A, Filippi E, Montinaro G, Otranto D, Cafarchia C. Snakes as sentinel of zoonotic yeasts and bio-indicators of environmental quality. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22491. [PMID: 39341972 PMCID: PMC11438876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Reptiles in the wild or as pets may act as spreaders of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. However, studies on the mycobiota of these animals are scanty. This study investigates the occurrence of yeasts from the cloacal swabs of snakes of different origins and the antifungal profile of the isolated strains. A total of 180 cloacal samples of snakes were collected from Morocco (Group I: n = 68) and Italy (Group II: n = 112). Yeast species were biochemically and molecularly identified. A total of 72 yeast strains belonging to 13 genera, 8 from snakes in Group I and five from snakes in Group II were identified. The most frequently isolated species were Trichosporon asahii (22.2%) and Candida tropicalis (15.3%) from snakes in Group I and Debaryomyces spp. (16.7%) and Metahyphopichia silvanorum (11.1%) from snakes in Group II. Multiple azole and amphotericin B (AmB) resistance phenomena were detected among isolated yeasts. Azole multi drug resistance phenomena were detected among yeasts from Group I and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa from Group II, whereas AmB resistance phenomena among those from Group II. Data suggest that snakes may harbor pathogenetic yeasts, being potential reservoirs and spreaders of these organisms in the environment. Since the yeast species community from different groups of animals as well as their antifungal profile reflects the epidemiology of human yeast infections in the same geographical areas, the results indicate that snakes may be considered as sentinels for human/animal pathogenic microorganisms and bio-indicators of environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iniobong Chukwuebuka I Ugochukwu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Wafa Rhimi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mara Miglianti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Adriana Mosca
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Claudia Cafarchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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13
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Lee JH, An Y, Kim SY. Florfenicol-resistant Brevundimonas sanguinis sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from patient blood in South Korea. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 118:11. [PMID: 39325059 PMCID: PMC11427616 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-02020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated NCCP 15609 T, was isolated from the blood sample of a patient in the Republic of Korea. The strain was identified as Brevundimonas diminuta using MALDI-TOF. A phylogenetic tree constructed using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolate was of the genus Brevundimonas with 99.8% similarity to B. naejangsanensis. The strain NCCP 15609T genome consisted of one contig with 3,063,090 bp, and had a G+C content of 67.4%. The genome contained 2,949 protein-coding sequences, 52 tRNAs, and 6 rRNAs. The DNA-DNA hybridisation between NCCP 15609T and B. naejangsanensis yielded 92.5% and 49.5% ± 2.6%, respectively, using the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH). The predominant fatty acids of strain NCCP 15609T were summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c/C18:1 ω6c) and C16:0. The isolate contained polar lipids and quinone, corresponding to phosphatidylglycerol, 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-[D-glycopyranosyl (1 → 4)-α-D-glucopyranuronosyl] glycerol, and ubiquinone-10, respectively. Based on its phylogenetic, physiological, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we suggest that NCCP 15609T represents a novel pathogen resource of the genus Brevundimonas and propose to name it Brevundimonas sanguinis sp. nov. The type strain is NCCP 15609T (= DSM 116005T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hee Lee
- Division of Pathogen Resource Management, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yewon An
- Division of Pathogen Resource Management, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kim
- Division of Pathogen Resource Management, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Bhandari RK, Rohilla R, Shafiq N, Pandey AK, Malhotra S. Clinical pharmacokinetics of antimicrobials in critical care: a narrative review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39297805 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2406466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The management of critically ill septic patients presents considerable challenges due to multifaceted physiological alterations. Rapid changes such as fluid shifts, hyperdynamic states, and altered renal clearance often require special attention for better clinical outcomes. Vital organ dysfunction, with or without MODS, often necessitates supportive management like RRT, ventilatory support, and ECMO. These interventions can significantly affect the PK/PD of administered antimicrobials, complicating effective treatment. AREA COVERED Patient-specific parameters such as age, weight, and comorbid illnesses (e.g. cystic fibrosis, burns, and immunocompromised states) are critical determinants of antimicrobial pharmacokinetics. Understanding PK/PD determinants is crucial for developing optimized dosing regimens that enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize toxicity in critically ill patients. EXPERT OPINION Incorporating pharmacometrics approaches in dose optimization can significantly improve patient outcomes. This review focuses on the nuances of PK/PD for optimized antimicrobial dosing in critically ill septic patients, emphasizing the importance of individualized treatment plans to address the complex and dynamic needs of this patient population. The adoption of these advanced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles into clinical practice is essential for advancing patient care and optimizing therapeutic outcomes in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Kondel Bhandari
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rachna Rohilla
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
| | - Nusrat Shafiq
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Avaneesh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Samir Malhotra
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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15
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Nastiti CT, Syakdiyah NH, Hawari RF, Ophinni Y, Megasari NLA. The role of heat shock proteins in HIV-1 pathogenesis: a systematic review investigating HSPs-HIV-1 correlations and interactions. PeerJ 2024; 12:e18002. [PMID: 39308823 PMCID: PMC11416755 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic is a global health emergency. Studies suggest a connection between heat shock proteins (HSPs) and HIV-1 infection pathogenesis. This systematic review aims to summarize HSPs' role in HIV-1 infection pathogenesis. Materials and Methods A systematic literature search was undertaken across the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE-PubMed), Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, SpringerLink, Sage, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases, using related keywords to synthesize the HSPs' role in HIV-1 infection pathogenesis. This literature review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) database under DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/VK3DJ. Results A database search revealed 3,332 articles, with 14 in vitro studies analysing the interaction between HSPs and HIV-1 across different cell types. HSPs are involved in HIV-1 infection through direct interactions and indirect responses to cellular stress, including HSP40, HSP70, HSPBP1, and HSP90. The study explores HSP interactions at various stages of the viral life cycle, including entry, uncoating, replication, transmission, and latency reactivation. Conclusion HSPs are crucial for the HIV lifecycle and immune response, offering the potential for new therapeutic strategies. Further research is needed to understand the clinical significance and target potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R.M. Firzha Hawari
- Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Youdiil Ophinni
- Division of Clinical Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Environmental Coexistence, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ni Luh Ayu Megasari
- Immunology Program, Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
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16
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Eser E, Felton VA, Drolia R, Bhunia AK. Salmonella Detection in Food Using a HEK-hTLR5 Reporter Cell-Based Sensor. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:444. [PMID: 39329819 PMCID: PMC11430776 DOI: 10.3390/bios14090444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of a rapid, sensitive, specific method for detecting foodborne pathogens is paramount for supplying safe food to enhance public health safety. Despite the significant improvement in pathogen detection methods, key issues are still associated with rapid methods, such as distinguishing living cells from dead, the pathogenic potential or health risk of the analyte at the time of consumption, the detection limit, and the sample-to-result. Mammalian cell-based assays analyze pathogens' interaction with host cells and are responsive only to live pathogens or active toxins. In this study, a human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line expressing Toll-Like Receptor 5 (TLR-5) and chromogenic reporter system (HEK dual hTLR5) was used for the detection of viable Salmonella in a 96-well tissue culture plate. This cell line responds to low concentrations of TLR5 agonist flagellin. Stimulation of TLR5 ligand activates nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB)-linked alkaline phosphatase (AP-1) signaling cascade inducing the production of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP). With the addition of a ρ-nitrophenyl phosphate as a substrate, a colored end product representing a positive signal is quantified. The assay's specificity was validated with the top 20 Salmonella enterica serovars and 19 non-Salmonella spp. The performance of the assay was also validated with spiked food samples. The total detection time (sample-to-result), including shortened pre-enrichment (4 h) and selective enrichment (4 h) steps with artificially inoculated outbreak-implicated food samples (chicken, peanut kernel, peanut butter, black pepper, mayonnaise, and peach), was 15 h when inoculated at 1-100 CFU/25 g sample. These results show the potential of HEK-DualTM hTLR5 cell-based functional biosensors for the rapid screening of Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Eser
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
| | - Victoria A Felton
- Molecular and Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Rishi Drolia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Bioelectronics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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17
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Mulinari ACDP, Sardella IG, da Silva VMC, Matteelli A, Carvalho ACC, Saad MHF. PPE59 antibodies in tuberculous patients and potential use for diagnosis when assayed with other rapid biomarkers. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2024; 119:e230183. [PMID: 39292107 PMCID: PMC11404981 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760230183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PPE 59, which is absent from bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) strains, seems to induce a humoral immune response in patients with tuberculosis (TB). Additional studies are needed to better evaluate this protein in immune response to tuberculosis. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the response of antibodies to PPE59 in TB individuals, its combination with IgG response to other, previously tested mycobacterial antigens (Ag) and with sputum smear microbiology (SM) results. METHODS We have cloned and expressed the rv3429 gene that encodes PPE59, then IgG, IgM, and IgA against PPE59 antigens measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 212 sera samples obtained from the following subject cohorts: TB residents from Italy (79) and in Brazil (52); and an all-Brazilian cohort of 55 patients with other respiratory disorders; 10 patients infected with non-tuberculous mycobacteria, and 16 asymptomatic subjects. Drawing on results from a previous study(17) of serum samples from Brazilian subjects tested for IgG by ELISA against mycobacterial antigens ESAT-6, 16kDa, MT10.3, MPT-64 and 38kDa, the results were analysed in combination with those of the PPE59 and SM tests. FINDINGS Keeping the specificity rate at 97%, the overall PPE59 IgA sensitivity was 42.7%, while IgG and IgM showed lower performance (p < 0.0001). Combining PPE59 IgA/16kDa IgG results increased sensitivity to 71%, and even higher rates when the results were combined with SM results (86.5%, p = 0.001), at 88.9% specificity. Positive IgA was associated with pulmonary image alterations of high TB probability (p < 0.05). MAIN CONCLUSIONS Tests with TB patients found a moderate frequency of positivity for PPE59 IgA. However, the higher level of sensitivity attained in combination with PPE59 IgA/16kDa IgG/SM results unheard of before, although imperfect, suggests that this may be a potential additional tool for rapid detection of TB in low-resource areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carla de Paulo Mulinari
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Isabela Gama Sardella
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Vania Maria C da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Alberto Matteelli
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Cristina C Carvalho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Educação e Bioprodutos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maria Helena Féres Saad
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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18
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Delghandi S, Raoufinia R, Shahtahmasbi S, Meshkat Z, Gouklani H, Gholoobi A. An overview of occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) with emphasis on HBV vaccination. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37097. [PMID: 39281486 PMCID: PMC11402251 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a significant threat to the lives of 257 million individuals globally, potentially resulting in severe outcomes such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Among the existing preventive measures, yeast-derived vaccines have proven to be the most efficacious approach in combatting hepatitis B. Nonetheless, as scientific inquiries focus more on occult HBV infection (OBI) in vaccinated persons and the lingering risk of vertical transmission affecting 10-30 % of babies born to HBsAg-positive mothers, there is a growing apprehension regarding the inability of HBV vaccines to ensure complete immunity. This study aims to offer a more comprehensive understanding of the implications of widespread HBV vaccination initiatives on OBI while tackling the primary limitations associated with current vaccine formulations. Methods The exploration was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to pinpoint research on OBI within vaccinated cohorts. A sum of 76 suitable studies was recognized. Discussion Multiple studies have documented the occurrence of OBI in fully vaccinated individuals, including both the general population and high-risk groups, such as newborns born to HBsAg-positive mothers. Factors contributing to vaccine failures include low-level anti-HBs antibodies, high maternal viral loads in mother-to-child transmission cases, as well as the presence of vaccine escape mutants and heterologous HBV genotypes. However, further research is needed to precisely understand the impact of active immunization on the emergence of OBI in vaccinated populations. Nonetheless, it is apparent that the advancement of more effective HBV vaccines could potentially lead to the extinction of HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Delghandi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Division of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ramin Raoufinia
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Shahtahmasbi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Gouklani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Aida Gholoobi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Gekenidis MT, Vollenweider V, Joyce A, Murphy S, Walser JC, Ju F, Bürgmann H, Hummerjohann J, Walsh F, Drissner D. Unde venis? Bacterial resistance from environmental reservoirs to lettuce: tracking microbiome and resistome over a growth period. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae118. [PMID: 39216995 PMCID: PMC11418651 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Fresh produce is suggested to contribute highly to shaping the gut resistome. We investigated the impact of pig manure and irrigation water quality on microbiome and resistome of field-grown lettuce over an entire growth period. Lettuce was grown under four regimes, combining soil amendment with manure (with/without) with sprinkler irrigation using river water with an upstream wastewater input, disinfected by UV (with/without). Lettuce leaves, soil, and water samples were collected weekly and analysed by bacterial cultivation, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and shotgun metagenomics from total community DNA. Cultivation yielded only few clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), but numbers of ARB on lettuce increased over time, while no treatment-dependent changes were observed. Microbiome analysis confirmed a temporal trend. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) unique to lettuce and water included multidrug and β-lactam ARGs, whereas lettuce and soil uniquely shared mainly glycopeptide and tetracycline ARGs. Surface water carried clinically relevant ARB (e.g. ESBL-producing Escherichia coli or Serratia fonticola) without affecting the overall lettuce resistome significantly. Resistance markers including biocide and metal resistance were increased in lettuce grown with manure, especially young lettuce (increased soil contact). Overall, while all investigated environments had their share as sources of the lettuce resistome, manure was the main source especially on young plants. We therefore suggest minimizing soil-vegetable contact to minimize resistance markers on fresh produce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera Vollenweider
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aoife Joyce
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Sinéad Murphy
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Jean-Claude Walser
- Genetic Diversity Centre (GDC), Department of Environmental System Sciences (D-USYS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Feng Ju
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Helmut Bürgmann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | | | - Fiona Walsh
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
| | - David Drissner
- Department of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
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20
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Mora-Ochoa YI, Ramirez-Cando LJ. Salmonella pathogenesis-based In-silico design and immunoinformatic analysis of multi-epitope vaccine constructs in broiler veterinary medicine. Vet J 2024; 308:106240. [PMID: 39276848 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Salmonellosis, a zoonotic gastrointestinal disease, presents a significant global health burden with a high incidence rate. Transmission primarily occurs through the consumption of contaminated poultry products, although water and contact with asymptomatic animals are also vectors. The disease's pervasiveness has prompted international health organizations to advocate for robust prevention and control strategies. This study focuses on the in-silico design of a multi-epitope vaccine targeting Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium's fimH protein, a fimbriae component crucial for bacterial adhesion and pathogenicity. The vaccine construct was developed by identifying and synthesizing non-allergenic, antigenic, and non-toxic epitopes for both Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Helper T Lymphocytes. Adjuvants were incorporated to enhance immunogenicity, and the vaccine's structure was modeled using advanced bioinformatics tools. The proposed vaccine demonstrated promising antigenicity and immunogenicity profiles, with a favorable physical-chemical property analysis. The vaccine's structures, designed by computational analysis, suggests high likelihood to native protein configurations. Antigenicity and allergenicity assessments validate the vaccine's immunogenic potential and hypoallergenic nature. Physicochemical evaluations indicate favorable stability and solubility profiles, essential for vaccine efficacy. This comprehensive approach to vaccine design expressed in Chlorella vulgaris holds promises for effective salmonellosis control. The multi-epitope vaccine, designed through meticulous in-silico methods, emerges as a promising candidate for controlling salmonellosis. Its strategic construction based on the fimH protein epitopes offers a targeted approach to elicit a robust immune response, potentially curbing the spread of this disease in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliana I Mora-Ochoa
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay University for Experimental Technology and Research (Yachay Tech), Urcuquí 100115, Ecuador
| | - Lenin J Ramirez-Cando
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay University for Experimental Technology and Research (Yachay Tech), Urcuquí 100115, Ecuador.
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21
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Šutej I, Bašić K, Šegović S, Peroš K. Antibiotic Prescribing Trends in Dentistry during Ten Years' Period-Croatian National Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:873. [PMID: 39335046 PMCID: PMC11428724 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13090873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Prescribing antibiotics is a regular part of daily dental practice. Antibiotics have a significant but a limited role in general dental practice due to the threat of emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As such, the aim of this study was to assess prescribing trends in dental antibiotics use from 2014-2023 in Croatia. Data on antibiotic prescribing practices for this study were provided by the Croatian Health Insurance Fund. The analysis included the number of prescriptions, packages, cost, and the World Health Organization's defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants (DID) per day as an objective utilization for comparison. Over the 10-year period, dentists in Croatia prescribed an annual average of 357,875 antibiotic prescriptions, representing an annual average of 78.7% of all dental prescriptions. The most commonly prescribed antibiotic was the combination of amoxicillin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid, which made up 58.54% of antibiotics and 46.1% of all dental prescriptions. This was followed by amoxicillin (12.61%), clindamycin (12.58%), and metronidazole (9.96%). The trend showed two discontinuations, the first for the pandemic years, and the second caused by disruption in amoxicillin production. The rise in the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics needs to be addressed and regulated to ensure patients and dentists understand that antibiotics are not a substitute for dental treatment. Dentists should always begin treatment with narrow-spectrum antibiotics regardless of possible exceptional circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šutej
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Š.); (K.B.)
| | - Krešimir Bašić
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Š.); (K.B.)
| | - Sanja Šegović
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Kristina Peroš
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Š.); (K.B.)
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22
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Villa F, Marchandin H, Lavigne JP, Schuldiner S, Cellier N, Sotto A, Loubet P. Anaerobes in diabetic foot infections: pathophysiology, epidemiology, virulence, and management. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0014323. [PMID: 38819166 PMCID: PMC11391693 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00143-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYDiabetic foot infections (DFI) are a public health problem worldwide. DFI are polymicrobial, biofilm-associated infections involving complex bacterial communities organized in functional equivalent pathogroups, all including anaerobes. Indeed, multiple pathophysiological factors favor the growth of anaerobes in this context. However, the prevalence, role, and contribution of anaerobes in wound evolution remain poorly characterized due to their challenging detection. Studies based on culture reviewed herein showed a weighted average of 17% of patients with anaerobes. Comparatively, the weighted average of patients with anaerobes identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing was 83.8%. Culture largely underestimated not only the presence but also the diversity of anaerobes compared with cultivation-independent approaches but both methods showed that anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci were the most commonly identified in DFI. Anaerobes were more present in deeper lesions, and their detection was associated with fever, malodorous lesions, and ulcer depth and duration. More specifically, initial abundance of Peptoniphilus spp. was associated with ulcer-impaired healing, Fusobacterium spp. detection was significantly correlated with the duration of DFI, and the presence of Bacteroides spp. was significantly associated with amputation. Antimicrobial resistance of anaerobes in DFI remains slightly studied and warrants more consideration in the context of increasing resistance of the most frequently identified anaerobes in DFI. The high rate of patients with DFI-involving anaerobes, the increased knowledge on the species identified, their virulence factors, and their potential role in wound evolution support recommendations combining debridement and antibiotic therapy effective on anaerobes in moderate and severe DFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Villa
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Univ Montpellier, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Hélène Marchandin
- HydroSciences Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène, Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Univ Montpellier, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Sophie Schuldiner
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Univ Montpellier, Service des Maladies Métaboliques et Endocriniennes, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | | | - Albert Sotto
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Univ Montpellier, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Paul Loubet
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Univ Montpellier, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
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23
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Lopes J, de Lencastre H, Conceição T. Genomic analysis of Enterococcus faecium from non-clinical settings: antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and clonal population in livestock and the urban environment. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1466990. [PMID: 39323892 PMCID: PMC11422121 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1466990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Enterococci are commensals of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals that evolved into opportunistic pathogens with high antimicrobial resistance and virulence. Multidrug-resistant Enterococcus is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. For this reason, the characterization of non-clinical reservoirs of Enterococci and their epidemiological link to resistant hospital isolates is crucial for controlling their spread. Methods A total of 295 samples collected from livestock (pigs and cows, n = 135) and environment (public buses, passengers hands, and urban environments, n = 160) were screened for Enterococcus spp. E. faecium antimicrobial resistance profiles, virulence potential, and clonal population were further characterized. Results Enterococci were detected in 90.5% (n = 267) of the samples, with a higher prevalence in livestock (100%) than the environment (82.5%, p < 0.0001), but none of the isolates exhibited vancomycin resistance. E. faecalis was the most prevalent species (51.7%), predominantly found in livestock (62.2%), while E. faecium was more common in the environment. Of the 59 E. faecium isolates, 78% showed resistance to ≥3 antibiotic classes and contained associated resistance genes, namely tetracyclines (tetM and tetL), beta-lactams (mutations in pbp5), and high-level resistance to aminoglycosides (ant(6)-Ia and aac(6')-aph(2″)). A wide array of virulence factors was detected among E. faecium, associated with adherence, biofilm formation, and adaptation to host response, while hospital-associated virulence markers, such as IS16, were less frequent, probably due to the non-clinical nature of the isolates. Clonal population analysis revealed a diverse E. faecium population. Although no direct epidemiological link could be traced between our isolates and specific clinical isolates, infection-associated genetic backgrounds were identified in non-clinical isolates: one isolate from pigs belonged to CC17 (ST32), while four isolates belonged to CC94, including one recovered from pigs (ST296), one from cows (ST2206), one from the urban environment (ST1205), and other from buses (ST800). Discussion This study underscores a high prevalence of clinically relevant Enterococcus species among healthy livestock and the environment. Despite the absence of vancomycin resistance and limited hospital infection-associated clonal lineages, the presence of E. faecium with significant virulence potential and resistance to critical antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine highlights the need for continuing surveillance of non-clinical reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Lopes
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Hermínia de Lencastre
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Teresa Conceição
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
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24
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Gobezie MY, Tesfaye NA, Faris AG, Hassen M. Surveillance of antimicrobial utilization in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prescription rates, indications, and quality of use from point prevalence surveys. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2024; 13:101. [PMID: 39256804 PMCID: PMC11389494 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-024-01462-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health concern that is fueled by the overuse of antimicrobial agents. Low- and middle-income countries, including those in Africa,. Point prevalence surveys (PPS) have been recognized as valuable tools for assessing antimicrobial utilization and guiding quality improvement initiatives. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prescription rates, indications, and quality of antimicrobial use in African health facilities. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Hinari (Research4Life) and Google Scholar. Studies reporting the point prevalence of antimicrobial prescription or use in healthcare settings using validated PPS tools were included. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to combine the estimates. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Q statistics, I² statistics, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger's regression test, with a p-value of < 0.05 indicating the presence of bias. RESULTS Out of 1790 potential studies identified, 32 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prescription rate in acute care hospitals was 60%, with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 99%, p < 0.001). Therapeutic prescriptions constituted 62% of all the prescribed antimicrobials. Prescription quality varied: documentation of reasons in notes was 64%, targeted therapy was 10%, and parenteral prescriptions were 65%, with guideline compliance at 48%. Hospital-acquired infections comprised 20% of all prescriptions. Subgroup analyses revealed regional disparities in antimicrobial prescription prevalence, with Western Africa showing a prevalence of 65% and 44% in Southern Africa. Publication bias adjustment estimated the prescription rate at 54.8%, with sensitivity analysis confirming minor variances among studies. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis provide valuable insights into antimicrobial utilization in African health facilities. The findings highlight the need for improved antimicrobial stewardship and infection control programs to address the high prevalence of irrational antimicrobial prescribing. The study emphasizes the importance of conducting regular surveillance through PPS to gather reliable data on antimicrobial usage, inform policy development, and monitor the effectiveness of interventions aimed at mitigating AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengistie Yirsaw Gobezie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Nuhamin Alemayehu Tesfaye
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Getie Faris
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Minimize Hassen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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25
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Mencía-Ares O, Ramos-Calvo E, González-Fernández A, Aguarón-Turrientes Á, Pastor-Calonge AI, Miguélez-Pérez R, Gutiérrez-Martín CB, Martínez-Martínez S. Insights into the Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus hyicus Isolates from Spanish Swine Farms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:871. [PMID: 39335044 PMCID: PMC11428503 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13090871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus hyicus is a significant pathogen in swine, primarily causing exudative epidermitis. Addressing S. hyicus infections requires both the characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in farm-recovered isolates. This study aimed to characterize the virulence, AMR, and biofilm formation of S. hyicus isolates from Spanish swine farms. A total of 49 isolates were analyzed, originating from animals with cutaneous, reproductive, and systemic clinical signs. Half of the isolates (49.0%) were positive for at least one virulence factor (VF) gene, with SHETA being the most frequent (28.6%). A high frequency of multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates was observed (83.7%), with significant resistance to commonly used antimicrobials, including lincosamides (83.7%), pleuromutilins (81.6%), penicillins (75.5%), and tetracyclines (73.5%). All isolates exhibited robust in vitro biofilm formation capacity (DC = 15.6 ± 7.0). Significant associations were found between VFs, biofilm formation, and AMR patterns, highlighting the link between the resistance to lincosamides and pleuromutilins (p < 0.001; Φ = 0.57) and macrolides (p < 0.001; Φ = 0.48), and the association of AMR with the ExhC and ExhD VF genes. These findings underscore the need for targeted diagnostics to improve management and therapeutic strategies to mitigate the impact of S. hyicus on swine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Mencía-Ares
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos-Calvo
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Rubén Miguélez-Pérez
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
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26
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Zhou Y, Shi R, Mu L, Tian L, Zhou M, Lyu W, Chen Y. Recombinase-aided amplification assay for rapid detection of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and rifampin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1428827. [PMID: 39318475 PMCID: PMC11420161 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1428827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has resulted in a growing resistance to drugs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The identification of antibiotic resistance genes holds considerable clinical significance for prompt diagnosis. In this study, we established and optimized a Recombinase-Aided Amplification (RAA) assay to detect two genes associated with drug resistance, oprD and arr, in 101 clinically collected P. aeruginosa isolates. Through screening for the detection or absence of oprD and arr, the results showed that there were 52 Imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (IRPA) strains and 23 Rifampin-resistant P. aeruginosa (RRPA) strains. This method demonstrated excellent detection performance even when the sample concentration is 10 copies/μL at isothermal conditions and the results could be obtained within 20 minutes. The detection results were in accordance with the results of conventional PCR and Real-time PCR. The detection outcomes of the arr gene were consistently with the resistance spectrum. However, the antimicrobial susceptibility results revealed that 65 strains were resistant to imipenem, while 49 strains sensitive to imipenem with oprD were identified. This discrepancy could be attributed to genetic mutations. In summary, the RAA has higher sensitivity, shorter time, and lower-cost instrument requirements than traditional detection methods. In addition, to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the aforementioned drug-resistant strains, we conducted Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), virulence gene, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. MLST analysis showed a strong correlation between the sequence types ST-1639, ST-639, ST-184 and IRPA, while ST-261 was the main subtype of RRPA. It was observed that these drug-resistant strains all possess five or more virulence genes, among which exoS and exoU do not coexist, and they are all multidrug-resistant strains. The non-coexistence of exoU and exoS in P.aeruginosa is related to various factors including bacterial regulatory mechanisms and pathogenic mechanisms. This indicates that the relationship between the presence of virulence genes and the severity of patient infection is worthy of attention. In conclusion, we have developed a rapid and efficient RAA (Recombinase-Aided Amplification) detection method that offers significant advantages in terms of speed, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness (especially in time and equipment aspect). This novel approach is designed to meet the demands of clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ruiqing Shi
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liang Mu
- Ultrasound Diagnosis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China
| | - Linlin Tian
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mengshan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenhan Lyu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yaodong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
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27
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King HAD, Lewin SR. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in infectious disease. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39248154 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Following success in cancer immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockade is emerging as an exciting potential treatment for some infectious diseases, specifically two chronic viral infections, HIV and hepatitis B. Here, we will discuss the function of immune checkpoints, their role in infectious disease pathology, and the ability of immune checkpoint blockade to reinvigorate the immune response. We focus on blockade of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) to induce durable immune-mediated control of HIV, given that anti-PD-1 can restore function to exhausted HIV-specific T cells and also reverse HIV latency, a long-lived form of viral infection. We highlight several key studies and future directions of research in relation to anti-PD-1 and HIV persistence from our group, including the impact of immune checkpoint blockade on the establishment (AIDS, 2018, 32, 1491), maintenance (PLoS Pathog, 2016, 12, e1005761; J Infect Dis, 2017, 215, 911; Cell Rep Med, 2022, 3, 100766) and reversal of HIV latency (Nat Commun, 2019, 10, 814; J Immunol, 2020, 204, 1242), enhancement of HIV-specific T cell function (J Immunol, 2022, 208, 54; iScience, 2023, 26, 108165), and investigating the effects of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 in vivo in people with HIV on ART with cancer (Sci Transl Med, 2022, 14, eabl3836; AIDS, 2021, 35, 1631; Clin Infect Dis, 2021, 73, e1973). Our future work will focus on the impact of anti-PD-1 in vivo in people with HIV on ART without cancer and potential combinations of anti-PD-1 with other interventions, including therapeutic vaccines or antibodies and less toxic immune checkpoint blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A D King
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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28
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Gomaa FAM, Selim HMRM, Alshahrani MY, Aboshanab KM. Central composite design for optimizing istamycin production by Streptomyces tenjimariensis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:316. [PMID: 39249607 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Istamycins (ISMs) are 2-deoxyfortamine-containing aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGAs) produced by Streptomyces tenjimariensis ATCC 31603 with broad-spectrum bactericidal activities against most of the clinically relevant pathogens. Therefore, this study aimed to statistically optimize the environmental conditions affecting ISMs production using the central composite design (CCD). Both the effect of culture media composition and incubation time and agitation rate were studied as one factor at the time (OFAT). The results showed that both the aminoglycoside production medium and the protoplast regeneration medium gave the highest specific productivity. Results also showed that 6 days incubation time and 200 rpm agitation were optimum for their production. A CCD quadratic model of 17 runs was employed to test three key variables: initial pH, incubation temperature, and concentration of calcium carbonate. A significant statistical model was obtained including, an initial pH of 6.38, incubation temperature of 30 ˚C, and 5.3% CaCO3 concentration. This model was verified experimentally in the lab and resulted in a 31-fold increase as compared to the unoptimized conditions and a threefold increase to that generated by using the optimized culture media. To our knowledge, this is the first report about studying environmental conditions affecting ISM production as OFAT and through CCD design of the response surface methodology (RSM) employed for statistical optimization. In conclusion, the CCD design is an effective tool for optimizing ISMs at the shake flask level. However, the optimized conditions generated using the CCD model in this study should be scaled up in a fermenter for industrial production of ISMs by S. tenjimariensis ATCC 31603 considering the studied environmental conditions that significantly influence the production proces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Alzahraa M Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Herbs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, 65779, Al-Bahah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo, 11651, Egypt
| | - Heba Mohammed Refat M Selim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, 11597, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, 9088, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled M Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University Organization of African Unity St, Abbassia Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Technology MARA (UiTM), Campus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Shah Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia.
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29
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D'Onofrio B, Virelli G, Pedrollo E, Caprioli M, Riva M, Renna D, Tonutti A, Luciano N, Ceribelli A, Gremese E, De Santis M, Selmi C. High risk of misclassification of acute Parvovirus B19 infection into a systemic rheumatic disease. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2024; 8:rkae105. [PMID: 39263208 PMCID: PMC11387767 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkae105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Parvovirus B19 most frequently causes epidemics of erythema infectiosum in children but also affects adults often leading to rheumatologic manifestations. While the serum profile allows the diagnosis, manifestations may mimic autoimmune conditions. The aim was to evaluate the proportion of patients with acute Parvovirus B19 infection fulfilling classification criteria for rheumatic diseases (RA and SLE). Methods We evaluated the clinical and serological features of 54 patients diagnosed with acute Parvovirus B19 infection seeking rheumatological attention between March and June 2024. Results The majority of patients were females (78%), with a mean (s.d.) age of 45 (13) years and 54% could not recall any known exposure. Fifty-one/54 (94%) had arthralgia, 27 (50%) arthritis (oligoarthritis in 67% of them), 24 (44%) fever, 19 (35%) skin rash and 7 (13%) purpura. Symptoms resolution generally occurred within 6 weeks. Complement levels were low in 14/33 (42%) tested patients, while the presence of serum ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-phospholipids and rheumatoid factor was detected in 21/38 (55%), 10/26 (38%), 6/12 (50%) and 5/37 (13%) patients, respectively. Classification criteria for SLE were fulfilled in 93% of ANA-positive patients and RA criteria in 38% of patients with arthritis. Conclusions Parvovirus B19 infection manifestations may vary and nearly all patients with positive serum ANA fulfil the classification criteria for SLE. The risk of misclassification in patients with viral infection should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo D'Onofrio
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giulia Virelli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elisa Pedrollo
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Marta Caprioli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Marta Riva
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Daniela Renna
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Antonio Tonutti
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Luciano
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Angela Ceribelli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Elisa Gremese
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Maria De Santis
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
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Herzberg C, van Meegen EN, van Hasselt JGC. Interplay of virulence factors shapes ecology and treatment outcomes in polymicrobial infections. Math Biosci 2024; 377:109293. [PMID: 39245301 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2024.109293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Polymicrobial infections, caused by a community of multiple micro-organisms, are often associated with increased infection severity and poorer patient outcomes. The design of improved antimicrobial treatment strategies for PMIs can be supported by an understanding of their ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Bacterial species present in polymicrobial infections can produce virulence factors to inhibit host immune responses, such as neutrophil recruitment and phagocytosis. The presence of virulence factors can indirectly affect other bacterial species acting as a type of host-mediated interspecies interaction. The aim of this study was to assess how bacterial virulence factors targeting neutrophil function influence ecology and treatment outcomes of PMIs. An agent-based model was constructed which describes a dual-species bacterial population in the presence of neutrophils and a bacteriostatic drug. Our analysis has revealed unforeseen dynamics of the interplay of multiple virulence factors acting as interspecies interaction. We found that the distribution of two phagocytosis-inhibiting virulence factors amongst species can impact whether they have a mutually protective effect for both species. The addition of a virulence factor inhibiting neutrophil recruitment was found to reduce the protective effect of phagocytosis-inhibiting virulence factors. Furthermore we demonstrate the importance of virulence strength of a species relative to other virulent species to determine the fate of a species. We conclude that virulence factors are an important driver of population dynamics in polymicrobial infections, and may be a relevant therapeutic target for treatment of polymicrobial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Herzberg
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E N van Meegen
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J G C van Hasselt
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Jiang X, Fu T, Huang L. PANoptosis: a new insight for oral diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:960. [PMID: 39235684 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
PANoptosis, a burgeoning area of research, is a unique type of programmed cell death typified by pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, yet it defies singular classification by any one mode of death. The assembly and activation of PANoptosomes are pivotal processes in PANoptosis, with several PANoptosomes already identified. Linkages between PANoptosis and the pathophysiology of various systemic illnesses are established, with increasing recognition of its association with oral ailments. This paper aims to deepen understanding by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the molecular pathways driving PANoptosis and exploring its potential implications in oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, #426 SongShiBeiRd., YuBei, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Fu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, #426 SongShiBeiRd., YuBei, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, #426 SongShiBeiRd., YuBei, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, China.
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Khaleque MA, Hossain SI, Ali MR, Aly Saad Aly M, Abuelmakarem HS, Al Mamun MS, Hossain Khan MZ. Bioreceptor modified electrochemical biosensors for the detection of life threating pathogenic bacteria: a review. RSC Adv 2024; 14:28487-28515. [PMID: 39247512 PMCID: PMC11378029 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04038d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The lack of reliable and efficient techniques for early monitoring to stop long-term effects on human health is an increasing problem as the pathogenesis effect of infectious bacteria is growing continuously. Therefore, developing an effective early detection technique coupled with efficient and continuous monitoring of pathogenic bacteria is increasingly becoming a global public health prime target. Electrochemical biosensors are among the strategies that can be utilized for accomplishing that goal with promising potential. In recent years, identifying target biological analytes by interacting with bioreceptors modified electrodes is among the most commonly used detection techniques in electrochemical biosensing strategies. The commonly employed bioreceptors are nucleic acid molecules (DNA or RNA), proteins, antibodies, enzymes, organisms, tissues, and biomimetic components such as molecularly imprinted polymers. Despite the advancement in electrochemical biosensing, developing a reliable and effective biosensor for detecting pathogenic bacteria is still in the infancy stage with so much room for growth. A major milestone in addressing some of the issues and improving the detection pathway is the investigation of specific bacterial detection techniques. The present study covers the fundamental concepts of electrochemical biosensors, human PB illnesses, and the latest electrochemical biosensors based on bioreceptor elements that are designed to detect specific pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to assist researchers with the most up-to-date research work in the field of bio-electrochemical pathogenic bacteria detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Khaleque
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
| | - Syed Imdadul Hossain
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
- Centre for Sophisticated Instrumentation and Research Laboratory (CSIRL), Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
| | - Md Romzan Ali
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
| | - Mohamed Aly Saad Aly
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute (GTSI) Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Hala S Abuelmakarem
- Systems and Biomedical Engineering Department, The Higher Institute of Engineering El Shorouk Egypt
| | - Muhammad Shamim Al Mamun
- Chemistry Discipline, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Khulna University Khulna 9208 Bangladesh
| | - Md Zaved Hossain Khan
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
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Cho KH. Molecular Targets in Streptococcus pyogenes for the Development of Anti-Virulence Agents. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1166. [PMID: 39336757 PMCID: PMC11430994 DOI: 10.3390/genes15091166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes, commonly known as Group A Streptococcus (GAS), is a significant human pathogen responsible for a wide range of diseases, from mild pharyngitis to severe conditions such as necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock syndrome. The increasing antibiotic resistance, especially against macrolide antibiotics, poses a challenge to the effective treatment of these infections. This paper reviews the current state and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in S. pyogenes. Furthermore, molecular targets for developing anti-virulence agents, which aim to attenuate virulence rather than killing it outright, are explored. This review specifically focuses on virulence regulators, proteins that coordinate the expression of multiple virulence factors in response to environmental signals, playing a crucial role in the pathogen's ability to cause disease. Key regulatory systems, such as RopB, Mga, CovRS, and the c-di-AMP signaling system, are discussed for their roles in modulating virulence gene expression. Additionally, potential molecular target sites for the development of anti-virulence agents are suggested. By concentrating on these regulatory pathways, it is proposed that anti-virulence strategies could enhance the effectiveness of existing antibiotics and reduce the selective pressure that drives the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hong Cho
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, 600 Chestnut St. S224, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA
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Kumar P, Clarke AE, Jonsson-Oldenbüttel C, Deltoro MG, Di Giambenedetto S, Brites C, Hocqueloux L, Lu PL, Oyee J, Oglesby A, Wynne B, Jones B, Evitt LA, Fox D, Kisare M, Priest J. Patient-Reported Outcomes After Switching to a 2-Drug Regimen of Fixed-Dose Combination Dolutegravir/Lamivudine: 48-Week Results from the SALSA Study. AIDS Behav 2024:10.1007/s10461-024-04479-9. [PMID: 39225890 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) facilitate communication between patients and providers, enhancing patient-centered care. We report PROs for virologically suppressed people living with HIV-1 who switched to dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) or continued their 3- or 4-drug current antiretroviral regimen (CAR) in the phase 3 SALSA study. Secondary endpoints included change from baseline in HIV Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (status version; HIVTSQs) and HIV Symptom Distress Module (HIV-SDM) at Weeks 4, 24, and 48. A post hoc analysis assessed change in HIVTSQs and HIV-SDM by age (≥ 50 and < 50 years). Higher HIVTSQs scores represent greater treatment satisfaction (range, 0-60); lower HIV-SDM scores indicate less symptom bother (range, 0-80). Participants in the DTG/3TC (n = 246) and CAR (n = 247) groups reported comparable baseline HIVTSQs total scores (mean [SD], 55.2 [6.5] and 55.8 [5.5], respectively). Beginning at Week 4, mean HIVTSQs scores in the DTG/3TC group further increased vs. CAR and were sustained through Week 48. Baseline mean (SD) HIV-SDM symptom bother scores were comparable between the DTG/3TC (9.0 [9.9]) and CAR (7.9 [9.3]) groups. Small improvements in HIV-SDM scores favoring DTG/3TC were observed at Weeks 4 and 24 and sustained through Week 48 (though not significant between groups). Participants aged ≥ 50 and < 50 years who switched to DTG/3TC reported higher satisfaction and less symptom distress vs. CAR; these results were generally comparable between age groups. Participants who switched to DTG/3TC reported rapid and sustained improvements in treatment satisfaction compared with those who continued CAR, reinforcing the benefits of DTG/3TC beyond virologic suppression (NCT04021290; registration date, 7/11/2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Princy Kumar
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amanda E Clarke
- Royal Sussex County Hospital and Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Miguel García Deltoro
- Infectious Disease Service, Consortium General University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Simona Di Giambenedetto
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Po-Liang Lu
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Ngiam JN, Koh MCY, Lye P, Liong TS, Ong L, Tambyah PA, Somani J. Role of cerebrospinal fluid adenosine deaminase measurement in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Singapore Med J 2024:00077293-990000000-00143. [PMID: 39229733 DOI: 10.4103/singaporemedj.smj-2023-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) can be difficult to diagnose. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) adenosine deaminase (ADA) is often seen in TBM, but its reliability has been questioned. A previous meta-analysis in 2017 had demonstrated the diagnostic utility of CSF ADA in TBM versus non-TBM. We sought to update this meta-analysis with more recent studies, to determine whether CSF ADA could be used to aid in the early recognition of TBM. METHODS Electronic searches were performed in PubMed and Scopus on studies published from 2016 to 2022. Ten additional studies were identified and added to 20 studies (from 2000 to 2016) from a previous meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted using the random effects method, estimating the pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) for elevated CSF ADA in the diagnosis of TBM. RESULTS Of the 30 studies included, 16/30 (53.3%) used the Giusti method for measuring ADA. Fourteen (46.7%) studies used an ADA cut-off of 10 IU/L, and 11 (36.7%) studies used an even lower cut-off. The pooled DOR for elevated CSF ADA in the diagnosis of TBM was 45.40 (95% confidence interval [CI] 31.96-64.47, I2 = 44%). When only studies using the Giusti method were considered, DOR was 44.21 (95% CI 28.37-68.91, I2 = 40%). Among the studies that used a cut-off of 10 IU/L, DOR was 58.09 (95% CI 33.76-99.94, I2 = 41%). CONCLUSION Studies remain heterogeneous but demonstrate that CSF ADA can differentiate TBM from non-TBM. In line with most studies, CSF ADA >10 IU/L supports the diagnosis of TBM in a patient with compatible symptoms and high-risk epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Nicholas Ngiam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Matthew Chung Yi Koh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Priscillia Lye
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Tze Sian Liong
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Lizhen Ong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jyoti Somani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Karlsson M, Johnson A, Steinvall I, Pompermaier L. Does the heat source affect the risk of wound infection in children with scalds? Burns 2024:S0305-4179(24)00278-X. [PMID: 39317537 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scalds are the leading cause of burns in children younger than 5 years of age with most being related to food preparation and consumption. Hot substances causing scalds have different degrees of viscosity varying from low (liquid substances, such as water), to high (semi-solids or solids, such as oils or grease). It is still underknown whether heat substances with different viscosities are associated with varying risks of developing burn wound infections (BWI). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between heat sources of different viscosities and development of BWI within the first week after injury in children with scalds. METHOD Children 5 years and younger of age admitted at the Linköping Burn Center for new scalds between 2015 and 2020 were included. Data source for the study population was the Burn Unit Database. BWI was defined as fulfilment of at least two ABA criteria at the time of systemic antibiotic therapy (AB) initiation between day 2-7 following scald. Medical record review was undertaken to identify the heat source causing the scald, BWI criteria, and the use of AB. Legal guardians were contacted in cases in which information was missing. Logistic regression was used to analyse the association between heat source and development of BWI. RESULT The study population consisted of 271 children, median age was 1.5 years, 61 % were boys, median burn size was 3.5 % of the total body surface area (TBSA), 10 (4 %) had a full thickness burn. BWI were identified in 69 (26 %) of the children. Most scalds were caused by contact with hot liquids (n=184), followed by semisolids (n=52) and solids (n=35). The logistic regression model showed that the size of the burn (TBSA) was associated with BWI, while type of heating agent was not. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the viscosity of the heat source does not affect the risk of wound infection in children with scalds; only the size of the area burned was an independent factor for BWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Karlsson
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Ingrid Steinvall
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Laura Pompermaier
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Berman A, Opara SCO, Wang YF, Woodworth MH, Steed DB. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae bacteremia treated with linezolid. J Infect Chemother 2024:S1341-321X(24)00242-3. [PMID: 39233121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a common zoonotic pathogen that rarely causes diseases in humans. It has three main disease manifestations: a localized cutaneous, a disseminated cutaneous, and a systemic form of infection, typically characterized as bacteremia with or without endocarditis. Human infections are often associated with occupational exposure to animals, animal products, or their excreta. We present a case of a 60-year-old woman found to have E. rhusiopathiae bacteremia associated with a leg laceration sustained after she fell into a sewer drain. Germane animal exposures were not identified; thus, the source of bacterium was attributed to sewage or sewage-contaminated water. She was initially treated with intravenous penicillin with clinical improvement. However, given the patient's social factors, prolonged oral antimicrobial therapy was considered. E. rhusiopathiae is routinely susceptible to penicillin, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones but resistant to vancomycin. The data on alternatives to beta-lactam therapy are limited. We report a case of E. rhusiopathiae bacteremia successfully treated with oral linezolid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Berman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samuel C O Opara
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yun F Wang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael H Woodworth
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Danielle Barrios Steed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Han X, Yao J, He J, Liu H, Jiang Y, Zhao D, Shi Q, Zhou J, Hu H, Lan P, Zhou H, Li X. Clinical and laboratory insights into the threat of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 64:107275. [PMID: 39002700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) typically causes severe invasive infections affecting multiple sites in healthy individuals. In the past, hvKP was characterized by a hypermucoviscosity phenotype, susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, and its tendency to cause invasive infections in healthy individuals within the community. However, there has been an alarming increase in reports of multidrug-resistant hvKP, particularly carbapenem-resistant strains, causing nosocomial infections in critically ill or immunocompromised patients. This presents a significant challenge for clinical treatment. Early identification of hvKP is crucial for timely infection control. Notably, identifying hvKP has become confusing due to its prevalence in nosocomial settings and the limited predictive specificity of the hypermucoviscosity phenotype. Novel virulence predictors for hvKP have been discovered through animal models or machine learning algorithms, while standardization of identification criteria is still necessary. Timely source control and antibiotic therapy have been widely employed for the treatment of hvKP infections. Additionally, phage therapy is a promising alternative approach due to escalating antibiotic resistance. In summary, this narrative review highlights the latest research progress in the development, virulence factors, identification, epidemiology of hvKP, and treatment options available for hvKP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayao Yao
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jintao He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongdong Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiucheng Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junxin Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huangdu Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre for General Practice Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Lan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xi Li
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Al-Groom RM, Ali RRM, Shaqra QMA. Genotypes analysis and antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans strains isolated from women with vaginal candidiasis in Jordan using PCR targeting 25SrDNA and ALT repeat sequences of the RPS. Pak J Med Sci 2024; 40:1619-1624. [PMID: 39281223 PMCID: PMC11395346 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.40.8.9811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & Objectives Genotypic identification of the etiologic agents of vaginal candidiasis (VC) is of significance in epidemiologic studies and in the establishment of adequate treatment protocol. The aim of this study was to determine the antifungal susceptibility and gene diversity of C. albicans isolated from a group of Jordanian women with VC. Methods A total of 312 isolates of candida species, recovered from women with vaginal candidiasis who attended gynecology clinics affiliated to three major private hospitals in Amman over a period of five months (July 2020 to December 2020) were included in this study. The isolated Candida were characterized by phenotypic and genotypic means. Genotypic studies were performed using specific PCR primers of the rDNA and RPS genes. Susceptibility testing of all C. albicans isolates was conducted following the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards and E-test strips. Results Candida albicans was the most dominant Candida spp. that caused VC among the studied population. C. albicans isolates were found to be of three different subtypes at the 25S rDNA gene. All isolates belonged to genotypes A, B and C while genotypes D and E were not detected. The diversity of C. albicans was higher on the basis of RPS region where the use of two markers (P-I and P-II) resulted in the identification of nine distinct C. albicans subtypes. The sensitivity testing revealed variations in the susceptibility of various genotypes to different antifungal drugs. Genotype A isolates were more susceptible to fluconazole, flucytosine and ketoconazole than genotypes B and C. Conclusion Candida albicans incriminated as etiologic agents of vaginitis among Jordanian women exhibited relationship between various genotypes and antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Al-Groom
- Rania M. Al-Groom, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Rand Raid Mahmoud Ali
- Rand Raid Mahmoud Ali, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan
| | - Qasem M Abu Shaqra
- Qasem M. Abu Shaqra, Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan
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Zhang Z, Chen G, Li N, Li Y, Sirimanapong W, Chen J, Xia L. Development and evaluation of immunological effects of a DNA vaccine encoding phosphoketolase family protein against Nocardia seriolae in hybrid snakehead. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:109773. [PMID: 39019124 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Fish nocardiosis is a chronic disease mainly caused by Nocardia seriolae, which occurs in a variety of economically cultured freshwater and marine fish. Studies have shown that DNA vaccine is an effective treatment to protect fish from bacterial infection. In our previous experiment, an in vivo-induced gene of N. seriolae, encoding phosphoketolase (PK) family protein, was identified by in vivo-induced antigen technology. In the present study, the antigenic gene encoding PK family protein was analyzed by bioinformatics and further inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1-myc-his-A for DNA vaccine development. The immunological effects of pcDNA-PK DNA vaccine were assessed in hybrid snakehead (Channa maculata ♀ × Channa argus ♂), showing induction in several serum enzyme activity parameters (including LZM, SOD, ACP and AKP), increasing in specific-antibody IgM levels, as well as up-regulation in six immune-related genes (CD4, CD8α, TNFα, IL-1β, MHCIα and MHCIIα). Moreover, an immune-protection with a relative survival rate was provided at 53.82 % following artificial challenge with N. seriolae in vaccinated fish in comparison to the control group. In summary, these results indicate that pcDNA-PK DNA vaccine could boost strong immune responses in hybrid snakehead and show preferably protective efficacy against N. seriolae, which may be applied in aquaculture to control fish nocardiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Zhang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoquan Chen
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Li
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanna Sirimanapong
- Veterinary Aquatic Animal Research & Health Care Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon-pathom, Thailand
| | - Jianlin Chen
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong, China.
| | - Liqun Xia
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong, China.
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Albukhari M, Bagies M, Lizbeth T, Kottilil S. Fighting fire with fire: using infectious agents to treat persistent infection. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:1177-1184. [PMID: 39105632 DOI: 10.1080/17460913.2024.2363728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Often, resolution of the acute stage of the disease leads to microbial persistence, resulting in chronic debilitating disease. Management of persistent infections frequently requires lifelong therapy with antimicrobial agents. These infections could be chronic viral infections like HIV, hepatitis B or chronic bacterial persistent infections like prosthetic joint infections caused by multi-drug resistant organisms. Bacteriophages have been designed specifically to target recalcitrant bacterial infections, such as prosthetic joint infections with varying success. In this review, we describe the historic evolution of scenarios and risks associated with innovative therapy using infectious agents to treat other persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Albukhari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Maria Bagies
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | - Shyamasundaran Kottilil
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Lee CH, Woo PYM, Leung CKL, Li R, Chan JKT, Ng KS, Tse CWS. Infectious intracranial aneurysm associated with Lactococcus garvieae: A case report and literature review. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2024; 3:100123. [PMID: 39309296 PMCID: PMC11415803 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2024.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is a known fish pathogen associated with numerous aquacultural outbreaks. In humans, L. garvieae primarily causes infective endocarditis, but infections involving other organs have also been reported. We report the first case of ruptured infectious intracranial aneurysm associated with L. garvieae bacteraemia without concomitant infective endocarditis. The diagnosis of a left distal posterior cerebral artery mycotic aneurysm was based on a computed tomography angiogram, catheter angiogram and histopathological examination of the resected aneurysm. Here, we review the literature on human L. garvieae infections and describe the clinical characteristics, risk factors, management and outcomes of the cases identified to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ho Lee
- Department of Pathology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Peter Yat-Ming Woo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Calvin Ka-Lam Leung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ronald Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jenny Kwan-Tsz Chan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwan-Shun Ng
- Department of Pathology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Cindy Wing-Sze Tse
- Department of Pathology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Kim MB, Lee YJ. Emergence of Salmonella Infantis carrying the pESI-like plasmid from eggs in egg grading and packing plants in Korea. Food Microbiol 2024; 122:104568. [PMID: 38839227 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The plasmid of emerging S. Infantis (pESI) or pESI-like plasmid in Salmonella enterica Infantis are consistently reported in poultry and humans worldwide. However, there has been limited research on these plasmids of S. Infantis isolated from eggs. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the prevalence and characteristics of S. Infantis carrying the pESI-like plasmid from eggs in egg grading and packing plants. In this study, the pESI-like plasmid was only detected in 18 (78.3%) of 23 S. Infantis isolates, and it was absent in the other 9 Salmonella serovars. In particular, S. Infantis isolates carrying the pESI-like plasmid showed the significantly higher resistance to β-lactams, phenicols, cephams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines than Salmonella isolates without the pESI-like plasmid (p < 0.05). Moreover, all S. Infantis isolates carrying the pESI-like plasmid were identified as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producer, harboring the blaCTX-M-65 and blaTEM-1 genes, and carried non-β-lactamase resistance genes (ant(3'')-Ia, aph(4)-Ia, aac(3)-IVa, aph(3')-Ic, sul1, tetA, dfrA14, and floR) against five antimicrobial classes. However, all isolates without the pESI-like plasmid only carried the blaTEM-1 gene among the β-lactamase genes, and either had no non-β-lactamase resistance genes or harbored non-β-lactamase resistance genes against one or two antimicrobial classes. Furthermore, all S. Infantis isolates carrying the pESI-like plasmid carried class 1 and 2 integrons and the aadA1 gene cassette, but none of the other isolates without the pESI-like plasmid harbored integrons. In particular, D87Y substitution in the gyrA gene and IncP replicon type were observed in all the S. Infantis isolates carrying the pESI-like plasmid but not in the S. Infantis isolates without the pESI-like plasmid. The distribution of pulsotypes between pESI-positive and pESI-negative S. Infantis isolates was clearly distinguished, but all S. Infantis isolates were classified as sequence type 32, regardless of whether they carried the pESI-like plasmid. This study is the first to report the characteristics of S. Infantis carrying the pESI-like plasmid isolated from eggs and can provide valuable information for formulating strategies to control the spread of Salmonella in the egg industry worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Beom Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41556, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41556, Republic of Korea.
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Reis JO, Teixeira LAC, Cunha-Neto A, Castro VS, Figueiredo EES. Listeria monocytogenes in beef: a hidden risk. Res Microbiol 2024; 175:104215. [PMID: 38830563 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2024.104215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes in beef receives less attention compared to other pathogens such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli. To address this gap, we conducted a literature review focusing on the presence of L. monocytogenes in beef. This review encompasses the pathogenic mechanisms, routes of contamination, prevalence rates, and the laws and regulations employed in various countries. Our findings reveal a prevalence of L. monocytogenes in beef and beef products ranging from 2.5% to 59.4%. Notably, serotype 4b was most frequently isolated in cases of beef contamination during food processing, with the skinning and evisceration stages identified as critical points of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Oliveira Reis
- Department of Zootechny and Agronomy, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78060-900, Brazil
| | | | - Adelino Cunha-Neto
- Faculty of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Silva Castro
- Department of Zootechny and Agronomy, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78060-900, Brazil; Faculty of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo E S Figueiredo
- Department of Zootechny and Agronomy, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78060-900, Brazil; Faculty of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78060-900, Brazil.
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Saleh RO, Salahdin OD, Ahmad I, Bansal P, Kaur H, Deorari M, Hjazi A, Abosaoda MK, Mohammed IH, Jawad MA. An updated study of the relationship between bacterial infections and women's immune system, focusing on bacterial compositions with successful pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 165:104283. [PMID: 38991487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Genital tract infections can cause a variety of harmful health outcomes, including endometritis, bacterial vaginosis, and pelvic inflammatory disease, in addition to infertility. Anaerobic bacteria, such as Gardnerella vaginalis, Megasphaera spp., and Atopobium vaginae, are more commonly identified in cases of bacterial vaginosis than lactobacilli. It is unknown how the microorganisms that cause pelvic inflammatory diseases and endometritis enter the uterus. Both prospective and retrospective research have connected pelvic inflammatory disorders, chronic endometritis, and bacterial vaginosis to infertility. Similar to bacterial vaginosis, endometritis-related infertility is probably caused by a variety of factors, such as inflammation, immune system recognition of sperm antigens, bacterial toxins, and a higher risk of STDs. Preconception care for symptomatic women may include diagnosing and treating pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic endometritis, and bacterial vaginosis before conception to optimize the results of both natural and assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | | | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pooja Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh 247341, India; Department of Health & Allied Sciences, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831001, India
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Munther Kadhim Abosaoda
- College of Pharmacy, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Pharmacy, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of Pharmacy, the Islamic University of Babylon, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | | | - Mohammed Abed Jawad
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
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Sadeghi H, Aslanimehr M, Nikkhahi F, Safari R, Vafaie M, Gholamzadeh Khoei S. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Aeromonas-Associated Diarrhea Among Children in Asia. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2024; 25:538-545. [PMID: 39129456 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2024.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Diarrheal illness is a prominent public health worry in developing countries, resulting in high mortality among children. Sociodemographic characteristics and geographic settings are the main effective factors for the increased incidence of childhood diarrhea. Aeromonas is a neglected organism capable of causing dysentery and diarrhea. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of Aeromonas as an agent in the causation of diarrhea in Asian children. Methods: We conducted a systematic review using Web of Science, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2000 and February 2023. We considered studies that found Aeromonas in diarrheal stool. A random-effects model was used to determine the pooled prevalence of Aeromonas. Results: Our search returned 2,057 articles, with 17 articles from seven Asian nations being included in the systematic review. The pooled prevalence of Aeromonas was 4.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.9%-6.8%), with heterogeneity (I2 = 96.85; p < 0.001). There was a greater prevalence in areas with high population living in poverty (12.2%; 95% CI: 5.8%-24%) and lower-middle-income countries (5.0%; 95% CI: 2.7%-9.0%). In addition, the prevalence of Aeromonas was greater in South Asia (10.0%; 95% CI: 5.6%-17.2%), in India (12.9%; 95% CI: 6.8%-23%), and in countries with open defecation rate of 5%-25% (11.3%; 95% CI: 6.3%-19.2%). Conclusion: The prevalence of Aeromonas-associated diarrhea in children in Asia estimated in the present study highlighted the high burden of Aeromonas in some parts of Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sadeghi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Aslanimehr
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farhad Nikkhahi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Roya Safari
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Majid Vafaie
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Qods Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Veena RK, Vinod Kumar K, Swathi M, Bokade PP, Pal A, SowjanyaKumari S, Arun YP, Devaraj S, Jagadeesha K, Padma MR, Jayashankar M, ChethanKumar HB, Shome BR, Gulati BR, Balamurugan V. Epidemiological analysis of leptospirosis, dengue, and Co-infection rates among febrile illness cases in Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka. Indian J Med Microbiol 2024; 51:100698. [PMID: 39094972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leptospirosis and dengue are two significant public health concerns in tropical and subtropical regions, often resulting in severe forms of disease and fatality. This study addresses the pressing public health issues of leptospirosis and dengue in the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka, India. Both diseases pose significant health risks and are relatively understudied in this region, making it essential to investigate their prevalence and clinical presentations for targeted healthcare planning. AIM The primary aim is to determine the frequency of leptospirosis and dengue among febrile illness cases to understand the epidemiological patterns and assess co-infection rates in Dakshina Kannada. METHOD Between 2020 and 2021, serum samples suspected of leptospirosis were tested using IgM ELISA (n = 1629) and the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) (n = 92) for leptospirosis, while dengue was tested using NS1Ag and IgM antibodies ELISA (n = 1415). Data were collected through medical records and patient interviews. Seasonal trends, gender, and age distributions were analyzed. RESULT The study found a significant prevalence of leptospirosis (21 %) and dengue (10 %) among febrile illness cases in the study area, with a 1.3 % co-infection rate. Clinically, fever was common to both diseases, but leptospirosis also frequently exhibited symptoms such as abdominal pain, myalgia, and jaundice. MAT screening revealed a predominance of anti-leptospiral antibodies against the Djasiman, Pyrogenes, Hurstbridge, Hebdomadis, and Grippotyphosa serogroups in Dakshina Kannada. CONCLUSION The study highlights the urgent need for focused public health interventions, improved diagnostic tools, and targeted epidemiological studies to manage these diseases. The findings underscore the necessity of enhancing diagnostic capabilities and public health awareness, particularly considering the significant health risks posed by leptospirosis and dengue in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Veena
- District Surveillance Unit (DSU), Mangaluru, Dakshina Kannada, 575001, Karnataka, India; Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, P.G Center, Mangalore University, ChikkaAluvara, Kushalnagar, Karnataka, 571232, India.
| | - K Vinod Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India.
| | - M Swathi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India.
| | - P P Bokade
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India.
| | - A Pal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India.
| | - S SowjanyaKumari
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India.
| | - Y P Arun
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India.
| | - S Devaraj
- District Surveillance Unit (DSU), Mangaluru, Dakshina Kannada, 575001, Karnataka, India.
| | - K Jagadeesha
- District Surveillance Unit (DSU), Mangaluru, Dakshina Kannada, 575001, Karnataka, India.
| | - M R Padma
- Department of Health and Family Welfare Services Aarogya Soudha, 1st cross, Magadi road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560023, India.
| | - M Jayashankar
- Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, P.G Center, Mangalore University, ChikkaAluvara, Kushalnagar, Karnataka, 571232, India.
| | - H B ChethanKumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India.
| | - B R Shome
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India.
| | - B R Gulati
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India.
| | - V Balamurugan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India.
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Beig M, Aghamohammad S, Majidzadeh N, Asforooshani MK, Rezaie N, Abed S, Khiavi EHG, Sholeh M. Antibiotic resistance rates in hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 38:376-388. [PMID: 39069234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In response to the growing global concerns regarding antibiotic resistance, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) strains. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of antibiotic resistance in the hvKp strains. Eligible studies published in English until April 10, 2023, were identified through a systematic search of various databases. After removing duplicates, two authors independently assessed and analysed the relevant publications, and a third author resolved any discrepancies. Data extraction included publication details and key information on antibiotic resistance. Data synthesis employed a random-effects model to account for heterogeneity, and various statistical analyses were conducted using R and the metafor package. RESULTS This meta-analysis of 77 studies from 17 countries revealed the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in hvKp strains. A high resistance rates have been observed against various classes of antibiotics. Ampicillin-sulbactam faced 45.3% resistance, respectively, rendering them largely ineffective. The first-generation cephalosporin cefazolin exhibited a resistance rate of 38.1%, whereas second-generation cefuroxime displayed 26.7% resistance. Third-generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime (65.8%) and ceftazidime (57.1%), and fourth-generation cephalosporins, cefepime (51.3%), showed substantial resistance. The last resort carbapenems, imipenem (45.7%), meropenem (51.0%) and ertapenem (40.6%), were not spared. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the growing issue of antibiotic resistance in hvKp strains, with notable resistance to both older and newer antibiotics, increasing resistance over time, regional disparities and methodological variations. Effective responses should involve international cooperation, standardized testing and tailored regional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Beig
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nahal Majidzadeh
- Departments of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Biomedical Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Khazani Asforooshani
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Rezaie
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Abed
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Sholeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhou Y, Du W, Chen Y, Li L, Xiao X, Xu Y, Yang W, Hu X, Wang B, Zhang J, Jiang Q, Wang Y. Pathogen detection via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis with nanoparticles. Talanta 2024; 277:126325. [PMID: 38833906 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Infections caused by viruses and bacteria pose a significant threat to global public health, emphasizing the critical importance of timely and precise detection methods. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), a contemporary approach for pathogen detection, offers distinct advantages such as high sensitivity, a wide linear range, and multi-index capabilities. This review elucidates the underexplored application of ICP-MS in conjunction with functional nanoparticles (NPs) for the identification of viruses and bacteria. The review commences with an elucidation of the underlying principles, procedures, target pathogens, and NP requirements for this innovative approach. Subsequently, a thorough analysis of the advantages and limitations associated with these techniques is provided. Furthermore, the review delves into a comprehensive examination of the challenges encountered when utilizing NPs and ICP-MS for pathogen detection, culminating in a forward-looking assessment of the potential pathways for advancement in this domain. Thus, this review contributes novel perspectives to the field of pathogen detection in biomedicine by showcasing the promising synergy of ICP-MS and NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Wenli Du
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Yuzuo Chen
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lei Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Xuanyu Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Baoning Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
| | - Qing Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
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Murata S, Mimura K, Kawamura T, Saito H, Ohno H, Tsujii E, Shinohara T, Miyazaki Y, Ohki T. Bloodstream infection caused by Wickerhamiella pararugosa in a patient with intestinal obstruction: A case report. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:942-945. [PMID: 38369124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The fungus Wickerhamiella pararugosa (Candida pararugosa) has been detected in various human organs but has rarely caused bloodstream infections. This report presents a case of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) of W. pararugosa in an adult. A female patient in her 80s was admitted to our facility for intestinal obstruction caused by colorectal cancer. The patient's ability to consume food was hindered, necessitating the insertion of a central venous catheter (CVC) into the internal jugular vein. On day 3 after admission, the patient developed a fever, prompting blood and CVC tip cultures to be performed. On day 5, yeast-like fungi were discovered in the blood cultures, and fosfluconazole (fluconazole [FLCZ] pro-drug) treatment was initiated. On day 8, yeast-like fungi were identified in both the blood and CVC tip cultures, leading to a diagnosis of CRBSI. The fungus was identified as W. pararugosa through biochemical and genetic characterization. This finding justified the use of micafungin (MCFG) for combination therapy. On day 17, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for FLCZ and MCFG were 4-8 and 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Accordingly, the treatment was changed to monotherapy with MCFG. After a 21-day treatment regimen, the patient was discharged on day 31. We present a case of CRBSI caused by W. pararugosa in an adult with intestinal obstruction. The notable increase in the MIC of FLCZ necessitated monotherapy with MCFG, which resulted in successful recovery of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Murata
- Department of Pharmacy, Saitama Sekishinkai Hospital, 2-37-20 Irumagawa, Sayama, Saitama, 350-1305, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Mimura
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Kawamura
- Department of Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Saito
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Sekishinkai Hospital, 2-37-20 Irumagawa, Sayama, Saitama, 350-1305, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ohno
- Department of Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan
| | - Emi Tsujii
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saitama Sekishinkai Hospital, 2-37-20 Irumagawa, Sayama, Saitama, 350-1305, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shinohara
- Department of Fungal Infection, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Miyazaki
- Department of Fungal Infection, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takao Ohki
- Department of Pharmacy, Saitama Sekishinkai Hospital, 2-37-20 Irumagawa, Sayama, Saitama, 350-1305, Japan
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