451
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Leshem A, Horesh N, Elinav E. Fecal Microbial Transplantation and Its Potential Application in Cardiometabolic Syndrome. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1341. [PMID: 31258528 PMCID: PMC6587678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly revealed links between inflammation, obesity, and cardiometabolic syndrome have created opportunities to try previously unexplored therapeutic modalities in these common and life-risking disorders. One potential modulator of these complex disorders is the gut microbiome, which was described in recent years to be altered in patients suffering from features of cardiometabolic syndrome and to transmit cardiometabolic phenotypes upon transfer into germ-free mice. As a result, there is great interest in developing new modalities targeting the altered commensal bacteria as a means of treatment for cardiometabolic syndrome. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is one such modality in which a disease-associated microbiome is replaced by a healthy microbiome configuration. So far clinical use of FMT has been overwhelmingly successful in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection and is being extensively studied in other microbiome-associated pathologies such as cardiometabolic syndrome. This review will focus on the rationale, promises and challenges in FMT utilization in human disease. In particular, it will overview the role of the gut microbiota in cardiometabolic syndrome and the rationale, experience, and prospects of utilizing FMT treatment as a potential preventive and curative treatment of metabolic human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Leshem
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Horesh
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of General Surgery B and Organ Transplantation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Cancer-Microbiome Division, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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452
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Guthrie L, Wolfson S, Kelly L. The human gut chemical landscape predicts microbe-mediated biotransformation of foods and drugs. eLife 2019; 8:42866. [PMID: 31184303 PMCID: PMC6559788 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes are nature's chemists, capable of producing and metabolizing a diverse array of compounds. In the human gut, microbial biochemistry can be beneficial, for example vitamin production and complex carbohydrate breakdown; or detrimental, such as the reactivation of an inactive drug metabolite leading to patient toxicity. Identifying clinically relevant microbiome metabolism requires linking microbial biochemistry and ecology with patient outcomes. Here we present MicrobeFDT, a resource which clusters chemically similar drug and food compounds and links these compounds to microbial enzymes and known toxicities. We demonstrate that compound structural similarity can serve as a proxy for toxicity, enzyme sharing, and coarse-grained functional similarity. MicrobeFDT allows users to flexibly interrogate microbial metabolism, compounds of interest, and toxicity profiles to generate novel hypotheses of microbe-diet-drug-phenotype interactions that influence patient outcomes. We validate one such hypothesis experimentally, using MicrobeFDT to reveal unrecognized gut microbiome metabolism of the ovarian cancer drug altretamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Guthrie
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Sarah Wolfson
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Libusha Kelly
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
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453
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Dai D, Wang T, Wu S, Gao NL, Chen WH. Metabolic Dependencies Underlie Interaction Patterns of Gut Microbiota During Enteropathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1205. [PMID: 31214144 PMCID: PMC6558107 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, increasing evidence has strongly suggested that gut microbiota play an important role in many intestinal diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). The composition of gut microbiota is thought to be largely shaped by interspecies competition for available resources and also by cooperative interactions. However, to what extent the changes could be attributed to external factors such as diet of choice and internal factors including mutual relationships among gut microbiota, respectively, are yet to be elucidated. Due to the advances of high-throughput sequencing technologies, flood of (meta)-genome sequence information and high-throughput biological data are available for gut microbiota and their association with intestinal diseases, making it easier to gain understanding of microbial physiology at the systems level. In addition, the newly developed genome-scale metabolic models that cover significant proportion of known gut microbes enable researchers to analyze and simulate the system-level metabolic response in response to different stimuli in the gut, providing deeper biological insights. Using metabolic interaction network based on pair-wise metabolic dependencies, we found the same interaction pattern in two IBD datasets and one CRC datasets. We report here for the first time that the growth of significantly enriched bacteria in IBD and CRC patients could be boosted by other bacteria including other significantly increased ones. Conversely, the growth of probiotics could be strongly inhibited from other species, including other probiotics. Therefore, it is very important to take the mutual interaction of probiotics into consideration when developing probiotics or “microbial based therapies.” Together, our metabolic interaction network analysis can predict majority of the changes in terms of the changed directions in the gut microbiota during enteropathogenesis. Our results thus revealed unappreciated interaction patterns between species could underlie alterations in gut microbiota during enteropathogenesis, and between probiotics and other microbes. Our methods provided a new framework for studying interactions in gut microbiome and their roles in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-Imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-Imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sicheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-Imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Na L Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-Imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-Imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,Huazhong University of Science and Technology Ezhou Industrial Technology Research Institute, Ezhou, China
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454
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Huang Y, Hang X, Jiang X, Zeng L, Jia J, Xie Y, Li F, Bi H. In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Zinc Linolenate, a Selective Antibacterial Agent against Helicobacter pylori. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e00004-19. [PMID: 30936098 PMCID: PMC6535540 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00004-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a major global pathogen, and its infection represents a key factor in the etiology of various gastric diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric carcinoma. The efficacy of current standard treatment for H. pylori infection including two broad-spectrum antibiotics is compromised by toxicity toward the gut microbiota and the development of drug resistance, which will likely only be resolved through novel and selective antibacterial strategies. Here, we synthesized a small molecule, zinc linolenate (ZnLla), and investigated its therapeutic potential for the treatment of H. pylori infection. ZnLla showed effective antibacterial activity against standard strains and drug-resistant clinical isolates of H. pyloriin vitro with no development of resistance during continuous serial passaging. The mechanisms of ZnLla action against H. pylori involved the disruption of bacterial cell membranes and generation of reactive oxygen species. In mouse models of multidrug-resistant H. pylori infection, ZnLla showed in vivo killing efficacy comparable and superior to the triple therapy approach when use as a monotherapy and a combined therapy with omeprazole, respectively. Moreover, ZnLla treatment induces negligible toxicity against normal tissues and causes minimal effects on both the diversity and composition of the murine gut microbiota. Thus, the high degree of selectivity of ZnLla for H. pylori provides an attractive candidate for novel targeted anti-H. pylori treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiang Huang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xudong Hang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueqing Jiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liping Zeng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongkai Bi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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455
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do Prado SBR, Castro-Alves VC, Ferreira GF, Fabi JP. Ingestion of Non-digestible Carbohydrates From Plant-Source Foods and Decreased Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Review on the Biological Effects and the Mechanisms of Action. Front Nutr 2019; 6:72. [PMID: 31157230 PMCID: PMC6529955 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis that links the increase in the intake of plant-source foods to a decrease in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk has almost 50 years. Nowadays, systematic reviews and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies confirmed the association between dietary patterns and CRC risk, in which the non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) from plant-source foods are known to play beneficial effects. However, the mechanisms behind the physicochemical properties and biological effects induced by NDC on the decrease of CRC development and progression remain not fully understood. NDC from plant-source foods consist mainly of complex carbohydrates from plant cell wall including pectin and hemicellulose, which vary among foods in structure and in composition, therefore in both physicochemical properties and biological effects. In the present review, we highlighted the mechanisms and described the recent findings showing how these complex NDC from plant-source foods are related to a decrease in CRC risk through induction of both physicochemical effects in the gastrointestinal tract, fermentation-related effects, and direct effects resulting from the interaction between NDC and cellular components including toll-like receptors and galectin-3. Studies support that the definition of the structure-function relationship-especially regarding the fermentation-related effects of NDC, as well as the direct effects of these complex carbohydrates in cells-is crucial for understanding the possible NDC anticancer effects. The dietary recommendations for the intake of NDC are usually quantitative, describing a defined amount of intake per day. However, as NDC from plant-source foods can exert effects that vary widely according to the NDC structure, the dietary recommendations for the intake of NDC plant-source foods are expected to change from a quantitative to a qualitative perspective in the next few years, as occurred for lipid recommendations. Thus, further studies are necessary to define whether specific and well-characterized NDC from plant-source foods induce beneficial effects related to a decrease in CRC risk, thereby improving nutritional recommendations of healthy individuals and CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Bernardino Ramos do Prado
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Costa Castro-Alves
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Fernandez Ferreira
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Fabi
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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456
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Tibbs TN, Lopez LR, Arthur JC. The influence of the microbiota on immune development, chronic inflammation, and cancer in the context of aging. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2019; 6:324-334. [PMID: 31403049 PMCID: PMC6685047 DOI: 10.15698/mic2019.08.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
From birth, the microbiota plays an essential role in human development by educating host immune responses. Proper maturation of the immune system perturbs chronic inflammation and the pathogenesis of disease by preventing inappropriate immune responses. While many have detailed the roles of specific microbial groups in immune development and human disease, it remains to be elucidated how the microbiota influences the immune system during aging. Furthermore, it is not yet understood how age-related changes to the microbiota and immune system influence the development of age-related diseases. In this review, we outline the role of the microbiota in immune system development as well as functional changes that occur to immune cell populations during immunosenescence. In addition, we highlight how commensal microbes influence the pathogenesis of cancer, a prominent disease of aging. The information provided herein suggests that age-related changes to the microbiota and immune system should be considered in disease treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor N. Tibbs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lacey R. Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Janelle C. Arthur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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457
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Tunsjø HS, Gundersen G, Rangnes F, Noone JC, Endres A, Bemanian V. Detection of Fusobacterium nucleatum in stool and colonic tissues from Norwegian colorectal cancer patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1367-1376. [PMID: 31025134 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Norway has one of the world's highest incidences of colorectal cancer (CRC). Accumulating research suggests that the intestinal microbiota may have an important role in initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. In order to evaluate microbiome-based biomarkers for non-invasive detection of CRC, the levels of Fusobacterium nucleatum and selected Escherichia coli toxin genes in stool and mucosa from a small cohort of Norwegian patients were investigated. The study cohort included 72 patients scheduled for colonoscopy. The patients were divided into three groups upon their examinations: cancer, polyp, and control groups. Levels of F. nucleatum in stool samples were significantly higher in the cancer group compared with the control group and the polyp group. High levels of F. nucleatum in stool reflected detection of F. nucleatum in the tumor tissues of colorectal cancer patients. However, no difference in the levels of E. coli toxin genes in neither stool nor biopsy samples between the patient groups was observed. This study suggests that a quantitative PCR assay targeting F. nucleatum in stool samples has the potential to be included in a larger panel of biomarkers for non-invasive testing for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hege Smith Tunsjø
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Gro Gundersen
- Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Science and Medical Biochemistry, Genetic Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Fredrik Rangnes
- Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Science and Medical Biochemistry, Genetic Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - John Christopher Noone
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Alexander Endres
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Vahid Bemanian
- Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Science and Medical Biochemistry, Genetic Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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458
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Yousefi M, Mamipour M, Sokullu SE, Ghaderi S, Amini H, Rahbarghazi R. Toll-like receptors in the functional orientation of cardiac progenitor cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19451-19463. [PMID: 31025370 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have the potential to differentiate into several cell lineages with the ability to restore in cardiac tissue. Multipotency and self-renewal activity are the crucial characteristics of CPCs. Also, CPCs have promising therapeutic roles in cardiac diseases such as valvular disease, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, and cardiac remodeling. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as the main part of the innate immunity, have a key role in the development and differentiation of immune cells. Some reports are found regarding the effect of TLRs in the maturation of stem cells. This article tried to find the potential role of TLRs in the dynamics of CPCs. By showing possible crosstalk between the TLR signaling pathways and CPCs dynamics, we could achieve a better conception related to TLRs in the regeneration of cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mina Mamipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadiye E Sokullu
- Engineering Sciences, Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Shahrooz Ghaderi
- Department of System Physiology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hassan Amini
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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459
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Mills S, Stanton C, Lane JA, Smith GJ, Ross RP. Precision Nutrition and the Microbiome, Part I: Current State of the Science. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040923. [PMID: 31022973 PMCID: PMC6520976 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a highly complex community which evolves and adapts to its host over a lifetime. It has been described as a virtual organ owing to the myriad of functions it performs, including the production of bioactive metabolites, regulation of immunity, energy homeostasis and protection against pathogens. These activities are dependent on the quantity and quality of the microbiota alongside its metabolic potential, which are dictated by a number of factors, including diet and host genetics. In this regard, the gut microbiome is malleable and varies significantly from host to host. These two features render the gut microbiome a candidate ‘organ’ for the possibility of precision microbiomics—the use of the gut microbiome as a biomarker to predict responsiveness to specific dietary constituents to generate precision diets and interventions for optimal health. With this in mind, this two-part review investigates the current state of the science in terms of the influence of diet and specific dietary components on the gut microbiota and subsequent consequences for health status, along with opportunities to modulate the microbiota for improved health and the potential of the microbiome as a biomarker to predict responsiveness to dietary components. In particular, in Part I, we examine the development of the microbiota from birth and its role in health. We investigate the consequences of poor-quality diet in relation to infection and inflammation and discuss diet-derived microbial metabolites which negatively impact health. We look at the role of diet in shaping the microbiome and the influence of specific dietary components, namely protein, fat and carbohydrates, on gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Mills
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland.
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy P61 C996, Co Cork, Ireland.
| | - Jonathan A Lane
- H&H Group, Technical Centre, Global Research and Technology Centre, Cork P61 C996, Ireland.
| | - Graeme J Smith
- H&H Group, Technical Centre, Global Research and Technology Centre, Cork P61 C996, Ireland.
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland.
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460
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Probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis V9 Regulates the Secretion of Sex Hormones in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients through the Gut-Brain Axis. mSystems 2019; 4:mSystems00017-19. [PMID: 31020040 PMCID: PMC6469956 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00017-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common metabolic disorder among women of reproductive age worldwide. Through a two-phase clinical experiment, we first revealed an imbalance in the intestinal microbiome of PCOS patients. By binning and annotating shotgun metagenomic sequences into metagenomic species (MGS), 61 MGSs were identified as potential PCOS-related microbial biomarkers. In the second stage, we monitored the impact of the probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis V9 on the intestinal microbiota, metabolic parameters, gut-brain mediators, and sex hormones of PCOS patients. Notably, we observed that the PCOS-related clinical indices and the intestinal microbiotas of the participating patients exhibited an inconsistent response to the intake of the B. lactis V9 probiotic. Therefore, effective host gut colonization of the probiotic was crucial for its ability to function as a probiotic. Finally, we propose a potential mechanism by which B. lactis V9 regulates the levels of sex hormones by manipulating the intestinal microbiome in PCOS patients. Although a few studies have investigated the intestinal microbiota of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the functional and metabolic mechanisms of the microbes associated with PCOS, as well as potential microbial biomarkers, have not yet been identified. To address this gap, we designed a two-phase experiment in which we performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing and monitored the metabolic parameters, gut-brain mediators, and sex hormones of PCOS patients. In the first stage, we identified an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota of the PCOS patients, observing that Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Blautia were significantly more abundant in the control group, whereas Parabacteroides and Clostridium were enriched in the PCOS group. In the second stage, we monitored the impact of the probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis V9 on the intestinal microbiome, gut-brain mediators, and sex hormones of 14 PCOS patients. Notably, we observed that the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) decreased significantly in 9 volunteers, whereas the levels of sex hormones and intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) increased markedly. In contrast, the changes in the indices mentioned above were indistinct in the remaining 5 volunteers. The results of an analysis of the number of viable Bifidobacterium lactis V9 cells in the two groups were highly consistent with the clinical and SCFA results. Therefore, effective host gut colonization of the probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis V9 was crucial for its ability to function as a probiotic. Finally, we propose a potential mechanism describing how probiotics regulate the levels of sex hormones by manipulating the intestinal microbiome in PCOS patients. IMPORTANCE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common metabolic disorder among women of reproductive age worldwide. Through a two-phase clinical experiment, we first revealed an imbalance in the intestinal microbiome of PCOS patients. By binning and annotating shotgun metagenomic sequences into metagenomic species (MGS), 61 MGSs were identified as potential PCOS-related microbial biomarkers. In the second stage, we monitored the impact of the probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis V9 on the intestinal microbiota, metabolic parameters, gut-brain mediators, and sex hormones of PCOS patients. Notably, we observed that the PCOS-related clinical indices and the intestinal microbiotas of the participating patients exhibited an inconsistent response to the intake of the B. lactis V9 probiotic. Therefore, effective host gut colonization of the probiotic was crucial for its ability to function as a probiotic. Finally, we propose a potential mechanism by which B. lactis V9 regulates the levels of sex hormones by manipulating the intestinal microbiome in PCOS patients.
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461
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Wu J, Li Q, Fu X. Fusobacterium nucleatum Contributes to the Carcinogenesis of Colorectal Cancer by Inducing Inflammation and Suppressing Host Immunity. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:846-851. [PMID: 30986689 PMCID: PMC6462820 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in the gut is associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). F. nucleatum promotes tumor development by inducing inflammation and host immune response in the CRC microenvironment. Adhesion to the intestinal epithelium by the cell surface proteins FadA, Fap2 and RadD expressed by F. nucleatum can cause the host to produce inflammatory factors and recruit inflammatory cells, creating an environment which favors tumor growth. Furthermore, F. nucleatum can induce immune suppression of gut mucosa by suppressing the function of immune cells such as macrophages, T cells and natural killer cells, contributing the progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China, 646000
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China, 646000
| | - Xiangsheng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China, 637000.
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462
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Hamada T, Nowak JA, Milner DA, Song M, Ogino S. Integration of microbiology, molecular pathology, and epidemiology: a new paradigm to explore the pathogenesis of microbiome-driven neoplasms. J Pathol 2019; 247:615-628. [PMID: 30632609 PMCID: PMC6509405 DOI: 10.1002/path.5236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) is an integrative transdisciplinary field that addresses heterogeneous effects of exogenous and endogenous factors (collectively termed 'exposures'), including microorganisms, on disease occurrence and consequences, utilising molecular pathological signatures of the disease. In parallel with the paradigm of precision medicine, findings from MPE research can provide aetiological insights into tailored strategies of disease prevention and treatment. Due to the availability of molecular pathological tests on tumours, the MPE approach has been utilised predominantly in research on cancers including breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal carcinomas. Mounting evidence indicates that the microbiome (inclusive of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites) plays an important role in a variety of human diseases including neoplasms. An alteration of the microbiome may be not only a cause of neoplasia but also an informative biomarker that indicates or mediates the association of an epidemiological exposure with health conditions and outcomes. To adequately educate and train investigators in this emerging area, we herein propose the integration of microbiology into the MPE model (termed 'microbiology-MPE'), which could improve our understanding of the complex interactions of environment, tumour cells, the immune system, and microbes in the tumour microenvironment during the carcinogenic process. Using this approach, we can examine how lifestyle factors, dietary patterns, medications, environmental exposures, and germline genetics influence cancer development and progression through impacting the microbial communities in the human body. Further integration of other disciplines (e.g. pharmacology, immunology, nutrition) into microbiology-MPE would expand this developing research frontier. With the advent of high-throughput next-generation sequencing technologies, researchers now have increasing access to large-scale metagenomics as well as other omics data (e.g. genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) in population-based research. The integrative field of microbiology-MPE will open new opportunities for personalised medicine and public health. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Department of Pathology Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danny A Milner
- American Society for Clinical Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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463
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Duan L, Yang W, Wang X, Zhou W, Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Hong L, Fan D. Advances in prognostic markers for colorectal cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:313-324. [PMID: 30907673 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1592679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wanli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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464
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Guglietta S, Rescigno M. Gone with the Antibody. Immunity 2019; 49:386-388. [PMID: 30231978 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial metabolites can reach distant organs, and in this issue of Immunity, Uchimura et al. (2018) show a fast systemic distribution of microbiota metabolites. This distribution is controlled by antibodies that accelerate bacterial transit through the small intestine, resulting in reduced local and systemic metabolite penetration and attenuation of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Guglietta
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Humanitas University Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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465
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Guo M, Xu E, Ai D. Inferring Bacterial Infiltration in Primary Colorectal Tumors From Host Whole Genome Sequencing Data. Front Genet 2019; 10:213. [PMID: 30930939 PMCID: PMC6428740 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide with abysmal survival, thus requiring novel therapy strategies. Numerous studies have frequently observed infiltrating bacteria within the primary tumor tissues derived from patients. These studies have implicated the relative abundance of these bacteria as a contributing factor in tumor progression. Infiltrating bacteria are believed to be among the major drivers of tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis and, hence, promising targets for new treatments. However, measuring their abundance directly remains challenging. One potential approach is to use the unmapped reads of host whole genome sequencing (hWGS) data, which previous studies have considered as contaminants and discarded. Here, we developed rigorous bioinformatics and statistical procedures to identify tumor-infiltrating bacteria associated with colorectal cancer from such whole genome sequencing data. Our approach used the reads of whole genome sequencing data of colon adenocarcinoma tissues not mapped to the human reference genome, including unmapped paired-end read pairs and single-end reads, the mates of which were mapped. We assembled the unmapped read pairs, remapped all those reads to the collection of human microbiome reference, and then computed their relative abundance of microbes by maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. We analyzed and compared the relative abundance and diversity of infiltrating bacteria between primary tumor tissues and associated normal blood samples. Our results showed that primary tumor tissues contained far more diverse total infiltrating bacteria than normal blood samples. The relative abundance of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides dorei, and Fusobacterium nucleatum was significantly higher in primary colorectal tumors. These three bacteria were among the top ten microbes in the primary tumor tissues, yet were rarely found in normal blood samples. As a validation step, most of these bacteria were also closely associated with colorectal cancer in previous studies with alternative approaches. In summary, our approach provides a new analytic technique for investigating the infiltrating bacterial community within tumor tissues. Our novel cloud-based bioinformatics and statistical pipelines to analyze the infiltrating bacteria in colorectal tumors using the unmapped reads of whole genome sequences can be freely accessed from GitHub at https://github.com/gutmicrobes/UMIB.git.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Guo
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Er Xu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Ai
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
- Basic Experimental of Natural Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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466
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Gut microbiota-stimulated cathepsin K secretion mediates TLR4-dependent M2 macrophage polarization and promotes tumor metastasis in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2447-2463. [PMID: 30850734 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a complex process that requires the interaction between tumor cells and their microenvironment. As an important regulator of intestinal microenvironment, gut microbiota plays a significant role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, a metastasis-related secretory protein cathepsin K (CTSK) was identified as a vital mediator between the imbalance of intestinal microbiota and CRC metastasis. We implanted MC38 cells into the cecal mesentry of antibiotic-treated mice with intragastrically administration of E. coli to mimic gut microbiota imbalance. The bigger primary tumors and more liver metastatic foci were detected in the E. coli group accompanied with high LPS secretion and CTSK overexpression compared with that in the control group. CTSK contributes to the aggressive phenotype of CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Silencing CTSK or administration of Odanacatib, a CTSK-specific inhibitor, totally abolished the CTSK-enhanced migration and motility of CRC cells. Interestingly, the tumor-secreted CTSK could bind to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to stimulate the M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) via an mTOR-dependent pathway. Recombinant CTSK could neither stimulate CRC growth and metastasis, nor induce M2 macrophage polarization in TRL4-/- mice. Meanwhile, CTSK could stimulate the secretion of cytokines by M2 TAMs including IL10 and IL17, which, in turn, promote the invasion and metastasis of CRC cells through NFκB pathway. Clinically, overexpression of CTSK in human CRC tissues is always accompanied with high M2 TAMs in the stroma, and correlated with CRC metastasis and poor prognosis. Our current research identified CTSK as a mediator between the imbalance of gut microbiota and CRC metastasis. More importantly, we illustrated a CTSK-mediated-positive feedback loop between CRC cells and TAMs during metastasis, prompting CTSK as a novel predictive biomarker and feasible therapeutic target for CRC.
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467
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Zhao Y, Yang S, Li B, Li W, Wang J, Chen Z, Yang J, Tan H, Li J. Alterations of the Mice Gut Microbiome via Schistosoma japonicum Ova-Induced Granuloma. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:352. [PMID: 30891012 PMCID: PMC6411663 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, also called bilharziasis, is a neglected tropical disease induced by Schistosoma spp. that causes hundreds of millions of infections. Although Schistosoma ova-induced granulomas commonly cause inflammation, hyperplasia, ulceration, micro abscess formation, and polyposis, the role of the egg granuloma on the gut microbiome remains unclear. To explore the role, gut microbial communities in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum were surveyed. Female C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were exposed to cercariae of S. japonicum for 45 and 65 days and then sacrificed. Intestinal contents and feces were collected, DNA was extracted, and high-throughput 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing was used to provide a comparative analysis of gut microbial diversity. The intestinal mucosal tissues were also examined. Histopathologic analysis demonstrated that the basic structure of the colonic mucosa was damaged by ova-induced granuloma. Regarding the gut microbiome, 2,578,303 good-quality sequences were studied and assigned to 25,278 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) at a threshold of 97% similarity. The average number of OTUs for C57BL/6 and BALB/c were 545 and 530, respectively. At the phylum level, intestinal microbial communities were dominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. Infection with S. japonicum modified bacterial richness in the fecal associated microbiota. Exposure significantly modified bacterial community composition among different groups. At the phylogenetic levels, LEfSe analysis revealed that several bacterial taxa were significantly associated with the S. japonicum-infected mice. The present results suggest that egg granulomas in the intestine influence differentiation of the gut microbial community under pathophysiological conditions. This result suggests that intestinal microbiome-based strategies should be considered for early diagnosis, clinical treatment, and prognosis evaluation of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zhao
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shiyan, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Shuguo Yang
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shiyan, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shiyan, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shiyan, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zongyun Chen
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shiyan, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shiyan, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Huabing Tan
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shiyan, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shiyan, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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468
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Ruiz-Bañobre J, Goel A. DNA Mismatch Repair Deficiency and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:890-903. [PMID: 30578781 PMCID: PMC6409193 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the recent few years, significant efforts have been undertaken for the development of different immunotherapeutic approaches against cancer. In this context, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), a novel class of immunotherapeutic drugs with the potential to unleash the immune system, have emerged as authentic game-changers for managing patients with various cancers, including gastrointestinal malignancies. Although the majority of gastrointestinal cancers are generally considered poorly immunogenic, basic research findings and data from clinical trials have proven that subset(s) of patients with various digestive tract cancers are highly responsive to ICI-based therapy. In this context, a better understanding on the role of various DNA repair pathway alterations, especially the evidence supporting the significant importance of DNA mismatch repair deficiencies and the efficacy of the anti-programmed cell death 1 drugs, have led to US Food and Drug Administration approval of 2 anti-programmed cell death 1 antibodies (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) for the treatment of patients with microsatellite instability. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date summary for the role of DNA mismatch repair deficiency in cancer, and its importance in the development of ICI therapy. In addition, we provide insights into the spectrum of various genetic alterations underlying ICI resistance, together with the important influence that the tumor microenvironment plays in mediating the therapeutic response to this new class of drugs. Finally, we provide a comprehensive yet succinct glimpse into the most exciting preclinical discoveries and ongoing clinical trials in the field, highlighting bench-to-beside translational impact of this exciting area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ruiz-Bañobre
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Medical Oncology Department, Arquitecto Marcide University Hospital, Ferrol, Spain; Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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469
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Monteiro CRAV, do Carmo MS, Melo BO, Alves MS, Dos Santos CI, Monteiro SG, Bomfim MRQ, Fernandes ES, Monteiro-Neto V. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Probiotic Potential of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus against Species of Clostridium. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020448. [PMID: 30795551 PMCID: PMC6412307 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many Clostridium species are found as commensal members of the intestinal microbiota. However, imbalances of the microbiota may lead to certain infections caused by these microorganisms, mainly Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium difficile, and Clostridium perfringens. In many cases, infection recurrence can occur after antibiotics, indicating the need for novel therapeutic options that act on the pathogens and also restore the microbiota. Herein, the in vitro antimicrobial activity and probiotic potential of clinical and reference strains of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were investigated against Clostridium species. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the agar spot test and inhibition of gas production. Then, the probiotic potential of selected strains was assessed by analyzing their coaggregation ability, adhesive properties to host cells and mucin, tolerance to acidic pH and bile salts, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 was the most promising strain based on its inhibitory activity against Clostridium spp. Also, this strain met criteria to be considered a probiotic based on its coaggregation ability, adhesive properties, and tolerance to harsh pH and bile acid salt conditions. The results indicate that among the studied strains, L. plantarum ATCC 8014 presents probiotic potential for controlling infections induced by the studied Clostridium species and should be further evaluated in in vivo animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinara R A V Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, campus do Bacanga, São Luís 65065545, MA, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, Rua dos Castanheiros No. 1, jardim Renascença II, São Luís 65075120, MA, Brazil.
| | - Monique S do Carmo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, campus do Bacanga, São Luís 65065545, MA, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, Rua dos Castanheiros No. 1, jardim Renascença II, São Luís 65075120, MA, Brazil.
| | - Bruna O Melo
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, Rua dos Castanheiros No. 1, jardim Renascença II, São Luís 65075120, MA, Brazil.
| | - Matheus S Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, Rua dos Castanheiros No. 1, jardim Renascença II, São Luís 65075120, MA, Brazil.
| | - Camilla I Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, Rua dos Castanheiros No. 1, jardim Renascença II, São Luís 65075120, MA, Brazil.
| | - Sílvio G Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, Rua dos Castanheiros No. 1, jardim Renascença II, São Luís 65075120, MA, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, campus do Bacanga, São Luís 65065545, MA, Brazil.
| | - Maria Rosa Q Bomfim
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, Rua dos Castanheiros No. 1, jardim Renascença II, São Luís 65075120, MA, Brazil.
| | - Elizabeth S Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, Rua dos Castanheiros No. 1, jardim Renascença II, São Luís 65075120, MA, Brazil.
| | - Valério Monteiro-Neto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, campus do Bacanga, São Luís 65065545, MA, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, Rua dos Castanheiros No. 1, jardim Renascença II, São Luís 65075120, MA, Brazil.
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470
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Zhang S, Wang Q, Zhou C, Chen K, Chang H, Xiao W, Gao Y. Colorectal cancer, radiotherapy and gut microbiota. Chin J Cancer Res 2019; 31:212-222. [PMID: 30996579 PMCID: PMC6433578 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2019.01.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is closely related to inflammation and immune response. Radiotherapy, as a major treatment for colorectal cancer, plays a central role in cancer control. Inflammation caused by ionizing radiation can exert either anti- or pro-tumorigenic effects. Additionally, radiotherapy can elicit an anti-tumor response not only in radiation of target lesions but also in radiation of remote lesions. However, the immune mechanism underlying this effect has not been thoroughly elucidated yet. The combination therapeutic regimen of radiotherapy with other therapeutic methods, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy, has been applied in clinical practice. Meanwhile, radiation toxicity and radiosensitivity have long been problems that affect a patient's quality of life and morbidity. Researchers have found that the abovementioned problems are closely associated with gut microbiota. Here we discuss the impact of immune response induced by radiotherapy on tumor regression and the impact of intestinal flora on the consequent clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Qiaoxuan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chengjing Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hui Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Weiwei Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yuanhong Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
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471
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Inhibition of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 Activity Suppressed SREBP Signaling in Colon Cancer Cells and Their Spheroid Growth. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord1010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Unsaturated fatty acids are critical in promoting colon tumorigenesis and its stemness. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) is a rate-limiting lipid desaturase associated with colon cancer cell proliferation and metastasis control. This study aims to evaluate the effects of SCD1 inhibition on colon cancer spheroid growth in a three-dimensional cell culture system. An analysis of clinical data showed that increased SCD1 gene expression in colon tumors was negatively correlated with the prognosis. A chemical inhibitor of SCD1, CAY10566, inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells in both monolayer and sphere cultures. In addition, oleic acid administration—a monounsaturated fatty acid generated by the action of SCD1—prevented the suppression of sphere formation by CAY10566. RNA-sequencing data from 382 colon tumor patient samples obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas database showed that 806 genes were SCD1-associated genes in human colon cancer. Correlation analysis identified the master regulator of lipid homeostasis sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) as a prominent transcription factor, whose expression was positively correlated with SCD1 in human colon cancer. SCD1 knockdown using siRNA in colon cancer samples, suppressed SREBP2 gene expression, providing direct evidence that SREBP signaling is under the control of SCD1 in these cells. Pathway analysis in the Ingenuity Pathways Analysis platform showed that SCD1 expression positively correlated with genes involved in multiple pathways, including lipid synthesis and incorporation, cell proliferation, and tissue tumorigenesis. Further network analysis revealed a central role for Myc in the network hierarchy of the SCD1-correlated genes. These findings suggested that SCD1 inhibition would be an effective strategy for suppressing colon cancer spheroid growth, partly through downregulating SREBP-mediated lipid and cholesterol metabolism and Myc signaling.
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472
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Microbiota and gastrointestinal cancer. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 118 Suppl 1:S32-S41. [PMID: 30655033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays important roles in many diseases, including cancer. It may promote carcinogenesis by inducing oxidative stress, genotoxicity, host immune response disturbance, and chronic inflammation. Colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and gastric cancer are the major gastrointestinal tract cancers in Taiwan. The microbiota detected in patients with tubular adenoma and villous/tubulovillous polyps is different from that in healthy controls and patients with hyperplastic polyps. Normalization of the microbiota is observed in patients after colorectal cancer treatment. Furthermore, the liver is exposed to microbiota-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), bacterial metabolites, and toxins, as it is anatomically connected to the gut via the portal vein. Patients with cirrhosis have significantly higher plasma endotoxin levels than healthy controls. Helicobacter pylori is a well-established risk factor for gastric cancer. Some nitrosating bacteria convert nitrogen compounds in gastric fluid to potentially carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds, which also contribute to gastric cancer development. Growing evidence demonstrates that gut microbiota promotes carcinogenesis. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and types of microbiota changes involved in these gastrointestinal cancers and the future treatment choices.
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473
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Ai L, Ren Y, Li Y, Chen H, Qian Y, Lu S, Xu A, Ren L, Zhao S, Chen Z, Chen Y, Xu J, Fang J. Synbindin deficiency inhibits colon carcinogenesis by attenuating Wnt cascade and balancing gut microbiome. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:206-220. [PMID: 30561033 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luoyan Ai
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Yimeng Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Yiting Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Yun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Shiyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Antao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Linlin Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Shuliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Zhaofei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Ying‐Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Jing‐Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
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474
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Koh H, Hamada T, Song M, Liu L, Cao Y, Nowak JA, da Silva A, Twombly T, Morikawa T, Kim SA, Masugi Y, Kosumi K, Shi Y, Gu M, Li W, Du C, Chen Y, Li W, Liu H, Li C, Wu K, Nosho K, Inamura K, Hanyuda A, Zhang X, Giannakis M, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Nishihara R, Meyerhardt JA, Ogino S. Physical Activity and Colorectal Cancer Prognosis According to Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2019; 2:pky058. [PMID: 31276098 PMCID: PMC6591576 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pky058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that high-level physical activity may potentially reduce cancer mortality through its immune enhancement effect. We therefore hypothesized that survival benefits associated with physical activity might be stronger in colorectal carcinomas with lower immune reaction at diagnosis. Methods Using molecular pathological epidemiology databases of 470 colon and rectal carcinoma cases in the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we assessed the prognostic association of postdiagnosis physical activity in strata of densities of CD3+ cells, CD8+ cells, CD45RO (PTPRC)+ cells, or FOXP3+ cells in tumor tissue. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to adjust for potential confounders, including microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, long interspersed nucleotide element-1 methylation, KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations, and expression of CTNNB1 (beta-catenin), PTGS2 (cyclooxygenase-2), and IRS1. Results The association of postdiagnosis physical activity with colorectal cancer-specific mortality differed by CD3+ cell density (Pinteraction < .001). Multivariable-adjusted colorectal cancer-specific mortality hazard ratios for a quartile-unit increase in physical activity were 0.56 (95% confidence interval = 0.38 to 0.83) among cases with the lowest quartile of CD3+ cell density compared with 1.14 (95% confidence interval = 0.79 to 1.65) in cases with the highest quartile. We observed no differential survival association of physical activity by densities of CD8+ cells, CD45RO+ cells, or FOXP3+ cells. Conclusions The association between postdiagnosis physical activity and colorectal cancer survival appeared stronger for carcinomas with lower T cell infiltrates, suggesting an interactive effect of exercise and immunity on colorectal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Koh
- Department of Oncologic Pathology.,Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology.,Department of Nutrition.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sun A Kim
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Yan Shi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology.,Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mancang Gu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology.,College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition.,Department of Epidemiology.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Katsuhiko Nosho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Hanyuda
- Department of Nutrition.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT.,Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Oncologic Pathology.,Department of Nutrition.,Department of Epidemiology.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Oncologic Pathology.,Department of Epidemiology.,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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475
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Qiao Z, Han J, Feng H, Zheng H, Wu J, Gao C, Yang M, You C, Liu Z, Wu Z. Fermentation Products of Paenibacillus bovis sp. nov. BD3526 Alleviates the Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in GK Rats. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3292. [PMID: 30687277 PMCID: PMC6333654 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is closely related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The gut microbiota of patients with T2DM is significantly different from that of healthy subjects in terms of bacterial composition and diversity. Here, we used the fermentation products of Paenibacillus bovis sp. nov. BD3526 to study the disease progression of T2DM in Goto-kakisaki (GK) rats. We found that the symptoms in GK rats fed the fermentation products of BD3526 were significantly improved. The 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the fermentation products of BD3526 had strong effects on the gut microbiota by increasing the content of Akkermansia. In addition, the interaction of the genus in the gut of the BD3526 group also significantly changed. Additional cytokine detection revealed that the fermentation products of BD3526 can reduce the inflammatory factors in the intestinal mucus of GK rats and thereby inhibit the inflammatory response and ameliorate the symptoms of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huafeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunping You
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
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476
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Zheng C, Chen T, Wang Y, Gao Y, Kong Y, Liu Z, Deng X. A randomised trial of probiotics to reduce severity of physiological and microbial disorders induced by partial gastrectomy for patients with gastric cancer. J Cancer 2019; 10:568-576. [PMID: 30719153 PMCID: PMC6360416 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrectomy has been widely used for the treatment of gastric cancer, and the severity of physiological and microbial disorders has greatly harmed the health of patients. In the present study, a probiotic combination containing Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus was used to reduce the physiological disorders induced by gastrectomy via monitoring the blood index and microbial diversity using high-throughput sequencing. Our results indicated that the probiotic combination had significantly reduced the inflammation indexes (leukocyte) (p<0.05), while it markedly enhanced the immunity indexes (lymphocyte) and nutrition indexes (albumin and total protein) (p<0.05). In addition, gastric cancer had a strong influence on the microbial diversity of the stomach via enhancing the number of pathogens of Streptococcus, Peptostreptococcus and Prevotella, and reducing the percentage of the probiotic Bifidobacterium. Although partial gastrectomy markedly changed intestinal microbial diversity, the taking of the probiotic combination greatly reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes compared with patients taking no probiotics at the phylum level. At the genus level, the probiotic combination significantly enhanced the numbers of the probiotic bacteria Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium and Akkermansia and lowered the richness of Streptococcus. Therefore, we concluded that the taking of the probiotic combination significantly enhances the immune response of patients and reduces the severity of inflammation through modification of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihua Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Yao Kong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Zhaoxia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
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477
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Song M, Chan AT. Environmental Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Colorectal Cancer Prevention. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:275-289. [PMID: 30031175 PMCID: PMC6314893 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The substantial burden of colorectal cancer and increasing trend in young adults highlight the importance of lifestyle modification as a complement to screening for colorectal cancer prevention. Several dietary and lifestyle factors have been implicated in the development of colorectal cancer, possibly through the intricate metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms. Likewise, as a key metabolic and immune regulator, the gut microbiota has been recognized to play an important role in colorectal tumorigenesis. Increasing data support that environmental factors are crucial determinants for the gut microbial composition and function, whose alterations induce changes in the host gene expression, metabolic regulation, and local and systemic immune response, thereby influencing cancer development. Here, we review the epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence regarding the links between diet and lifestyle and the gut microbiota in the development of colorectal cancer. We focus on factors for which substantial data support their importance for colorectal cancer and their potential role in the gut microbiota, including overweight and obesity, physical activity, dietary patterns, fiber, red and processed meat, marine omega-3 fatty acid, alcohol, and smoking. We also briefly describe other colorectal cancer-preventive factors for which the links with the gut microbiota have been suggested but remain to be mechanistically characterized, including vitamin D status, dairy consumption, and metformin use. Given limitations in available evidence, we highlight the need for further investigations in the relationship between environmental factors, gut microbiota, and colorectal cancer, which may lead to development and clinical translation of potential microbiota-based strategies for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Song
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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478
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Association of colorectal polyps and cancer with low-dose persistent organic pollutants: A case-control study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208546. [PMID: 30521631 PMCID: PMC6283632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-dose persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have recently been linked to immunosenescence, a key mechanism in carcinogenesis, as well as many aging-related chronic diseases. Since feces are the main excretion route of POPs, the large intestine is a potential target organ for these pollutants. We performed a case-control study to evaluate whether exposure to low-dose POPs is related to the risk of colorectal polyps and cancer. METHODS A total of 277 participants were recruited from one hospital: 99 cancer patients, 102 polyp patients, and 76 control subjects. As typical examples of POPs, we measured the serum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). RESULTS Across the tertiles of the summary measure of POPs, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of colorectal polyps and cancer were 2.8 (1.2-6.8) (Ptrend = 0.01) and 3.0 (1.0-8.8) (Ptrend = 0.02), respectively, for subjects in the highest tertile. When OCPs and PCBs were analyzed separately, OCPs were linked to an increased risk of both polyps and cancer; the adjusted ORs were 2.3 (0.9-5.7) (Ptrend = 0.05) for polyps and 3.6 (1.1-11.8) (Ptrend< 0.01) for cancer. However, PCBs were only significantly associated with a high risk of polyps but not cancer; the adjusted OR was 2.8 (1.2-6.6) (Ptrend = 0.01). CONCLUSION Chronic exposure to low-dose POPs may be associated with an increased risk of colorectal polyps and cancer. Our findings suggest the carcinogenic potential of strong lipophilic chemical mixtures such as POPs which are accumulated in adipose tissue, released to circulation, and eliminated through feces.
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479
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Pfeifhofer-Obermair C, Tymoszuk P, Petzer V, Weiss G, Nairz M. Iron in the Tumor Microenvironment-Connecting the Dots. Front Oncol 2018; 8:549. [PMID: 30534534 PMCID: PMC6275298 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron metabolism and tumor biology are intimately linked. Iron facilitates the production of oxygen radicals, which may either result in iron-induced cell death, ferroptosis, or contribute to mutagenicity and malignant transformation. Once transformed, malignant cells require high amounts of iron for proliferation. In addition, iron has multiple regulatory effects on the immune system, thus affecting tumor surveillance by immune cells. For these reasons, inconsiderate iron supplementation in cancer patients has the potential of worsening disease course and outcome. On the other hand, chronic immune activation in the setting of malignancy alters systemic iron homeostasis and directs iron fluxes into myeloid cells. While this response aims at withdrawing iron from tumor cells, it may impair the effector functions of tumor-associated macrophages and will result in iron-restricted erythropoiesis and the development of anemia, subsequently. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the interconnections of iron homeostasis with cancer biology, discusses current clinical controversies in the treatment of anemia of cancer and focuses on the potential roles of iron in the solid tumor microenvironment, also speculating on yet unknown molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Pfeifhofer-Obermair
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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480
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Liu Y, Chen YG. 2D- and 3D-Based Intestinal Stem Cell Cultures for Personalized Medicine. Cells 2018; 7:E225. [PMID: 30469504 PMCID: PMC6316377 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers that have high occurrence and death in both males and females. As various factors have been found to contribute to CRC development, personalized therapies are critical for efficient treatment. To achieve this purpose, the establishment of patient-derived tumor models is critical for diagnosis and drug test. The establishment of three-dimensional (3D) organoid cultures and two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures of patient-derived epithelial tissues is a breakthrough for expanding living materials for later use. This review provides an overview of the different types of 2D- and 3D-based intestinal stem cell cultures, their potential benefits, and the drawbacks in personalized medicine in treatment of the intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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481
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Liu CJ, Zhang YL, Shang Y, Wu B, Yang E, Luo YY, Li XR. Intestinal bacteria detected in cancer and adjacent tissue from patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1115-1127. [PMID: 30655873 PMCID: PMC6313076 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacteria are symbiotic microbiota within the human gut and are implicated in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The current study investigated the changes in bacterial composition prior to and following surgery, as well as the differences in the bacterial community structure between cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue. The diversity of the bacterial community and the composition of the bacteria were assessed. In addition, phylogenetic analysis and principle component analysis (PCA) were performed. The results revealed that cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue exhibited similar bacterial compositions. However, a significant difference was identified in the composition of intestinal bacteria in stool samples collected from patients following surgery compared with stool samples collected prior to surgery. Each patient had their own unique intestinal bacterial community, likely due to a number of factors, including diet, genetic factors and health status. In addition, phylogenetic trees revealed that the most abundant operational taxonomic unit, 0001, was associated with Escherichia coli in all samples. Finally, PCA suggested that the bacterial community structure in all patient stools was similar following surgery. The current study provides information regarding the diversity of the intestinal bacterial community of patients with CRC and provides a basis for postoperative intestinal assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jian Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Lian Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yun Shang
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Bian Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - En Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Yong Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ran Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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482
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Malcomson FC. Mechanisms underlying the effects of nutrition, adiposity and physical activity on colorectal cancer risk. NUTR BULL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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483
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Resveratrol, Metabolic Syndrome, and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111651. [PMID: 30400297 PMCID: PMC6266067 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenol which has been shown to have beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome-related alterations in experimental animals, including glucose and lipid homeostasis improvement and a reduction in fat mass, blood pressure, low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress. Clinical trials have been carried out to address its potential; however, results are still inconclusive. Even though resveratrol is partly metabolized by gut microbiota, the relevance of this “forgotten organ” had not been widely considered. However, in the past few years, data has emerged suggesting that the therapeutic potential of this compound may be due to its interaction with gut microbiota, reporting changes in bacterial composition associated with beneficial metabolic outcomes. Even though data is still scarce and for the most part observational, it is promising nevertheless, suggesting that resveratrol supplementation could be a useful tool for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated conditions.
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484
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Insights Into the Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-018-0419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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485
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Ma J, Li H. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Atherosclerosis and Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1082. [PMID: 30319417 PMCID: PMC6167910 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, accumulating evidence has indicated the importance of gut microbiota in maintaining human health. Gut dysbiosis is associated with the pathogenesis of a number of metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Indeed, CVD has become the leading cause of death worldwide, especially in developed countries. In this review, we mainly discuss the gut microbiota-involved mechanisms of CVD focusing on atherosclerosis and hypertension, two major risk factors for serious CVD. Then, we briefly discuss the prospects of gut microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CVD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Houkai Li
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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486
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Hamada T, Zhang X, Mima K, Bullman S, Sukawa Y, Nowak JA, Kosumi K, Masugi Y, Twombly TS, Cao Y, Song M, Liu L, da Silva A, Shi Y, Gu M, Li W, Koh H, Nosho K, Inamura K, Keum N, Wu K, Meyerhardt JA, Kostic AD, Huttenhower C, Garrett WS, Meyerson M, Giovannucci EL, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Nishihara R, Giannakis M, Ogino S. Fusobacterium nucleatum in Colorectal Cancer Relates to Immune Response Differentially by Tumor Microsatellite Instability Status. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:1327-1336. [PMID: 30228205 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal carcinoma tissue has been associated with microsatellite instability (MSI), lower-level T-cell infiltrates, and poor clinical outcomes. Considering differences in the tumor-immune microenvironment between MSI-high and non-MSI-high carcinomas, we hypothesized that the association of F. nucleatum with immune response might differ by tumor MSI status. Using samples from 1,041 rectal and colon cancer patients within the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we measured F. nucleatum DNA in tumor tissue by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between F. nucleatum status and histopathologic lymphocytic reactions or density of CD3+ cells, CD8+ cells, CD45RO (PTPRC)+ cells, or FOXP3+ cells in strata of tumor MSI status. We adjusted for potential confounders, including CpG island methylator phenotype; LINE-1 methylation; and KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations. The association of F. nucleatum with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and intratumoral periglandular reaction differed by tumor MSI status (P interaction = 0.002). The presence of F. nucleatum was negatively associated with TIL in MSI-high tumors [multivariable odds ratio (OR), 0.45; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.22-0.92], but positively associated with TIL in non-MSI-high tumors (multivariable OR 1.91; 95% CI, 1.12-3.25). No significant differential association was observed for peritumoral lymphocytic reaction, Crohn-like lymphoid reaction, or T-cell densities. In conclusion, the association of F. nucleatum with immune response to colorectal carcinoma differs by tumor MSI status, suggesting that F. nucleatum and MSI status interact to affect antitumor immune reactions. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(11); 1327-36. ©2018 AACR See related Spotlight on p. 1290.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Bullman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yasutaka Sukawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keisuke Kosumi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tyler S Twombly
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yin Cao
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mingyang Song
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Annacarolina da Silva
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mancang Gu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Wanwan Li
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hideo Koh
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katsuhiko Nosho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, the Republic of Korea
| | - Kana Wu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aleksandar D Kostic
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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487
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Abstract
The microbiome has received increasing attention over the last 15 years. Although gut microbes have been explored for several decades, investigations of the role of microorganisms that reside in the human gut has attracted much attention beyond classical infectious diseases. For example, numerous studies have reported changes in the gut microbiota during not only obesity, diabetes, and liver diseases but also cancer and even neurodegenerative diseases. The human gut microbiota is viewed as a potential source of novel therapeutics. Between 2013 and 2017, the number of publications focusing on the gut microbiota was, remarkably, 12 900, which represents four-fifths of the total number of publications over the last 40 years that investigated this topic. This review discusses recent evidence of the impact of the gut microbiota on metabolic disorders and focus on selected key mechanisms. This review also aims to provide a critical analysis of the current knowledge in this field, identify putative key issues or problems and discuss misinterpretations. The abundance of metagenomic data generated on comparing diseased and healthy subjects can lead to the erroneous claim that a bacterium is causally linked with the protection or the onset of a disease. In fact, environmental factors such as dietary habits, drug treatments, intestinal motility and stool frequency and consistency are all factors that influence the composition of the microbiota and should be considered. The cases of the bacteria Prevotella copri and Akkermansia muciniphila will be discussed as key examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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488
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489
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Lee SM, Kim N, Park JH, Nam RH, Yoon K, Lee DH. Comparative Analysis of Ileal and Cecal Microbiota in Aged Rats. J Cancer Prev 2018; 23:70-76. [PMID: 30003066 PMCID: PMC6037205 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2018.23.2.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota contributes to intestinal and immune homeostasis through host-microbiota interactions. Distribution of the gut microbiota differs according to the location in the gastrointestinal tract. Although the microbiota properties change with age, evidence for the regional difference of gut microbiota has been restricted to the young. The aim of this study is to compare the gut microbiota between terminal ileum and cecum of old rats. Methods We analyzed gut microbiome of luminal contents from ileum and cecum of 74-week-old and 2-year-old rats (corresponding to 60-year and 80-year-old of human age) by metagenome sequencing of 16S rRNA. Results Inter-individual variation (beta diversity) of microbiota was higher in ileum than in cecum. Conversely, alpha diversity of microbiota composition was higher in cecum than in ileum. Lactobacillaceae were more abundant in ileum compared to cecum while Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were more enriched in cecum. The proportions of Deltaproteobacteria were increased in cecal microbiota of 2-year-old rats compared to 74-week-old rats. Conclusions Major regional distinctions of microbiota between ileum and cecum of old rats appear consistent with those of young rats. Age-related alterations of gut microbiota in old rats seem to occur in minor compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kichul Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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