451
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Fadason T, Schierding W, Kolbenev N, Liu J, Ingram JR, O’Sullivan JM. Reconstructing the blood metabolome and genotype using long-range chromatin interactions. Metabol Open 2020; 6:100035. [PMID: 32812909 PMCID: PMC7424797 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2020.100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND -Maintenance of tight controls on circulating blood metabolites is crucial to normal, healthy tissue and organismal function. A number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with changes in the levels of blood metabolites. However, the impacts of the metabolite-associated SNPs are largely unknown because they fall within non-coding regions of the genome. OBJECTIVE -We aimed to identify genes and tissues that are linked to changes in circulating blood metabolites by characterizing genome-wide spatial regulatory interactions involving blood metabolite-associated SNPs. METHOD -We systematically integrated chromatin interaction (Hi-C), expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), gene ontology, drug interaction, and literature-supported connections to deconvolute the genetic regulatory influences of 145 blood metabolite-associated SNPs. FINDINGS -We identified 577 genes that are regulated by 130 distal and proximal metabolite-associated SNPs across 48 different human tissues. The affected genes are enriched in categories that include metabolism, enzymes, plasma proteins, disease development, and potential drug targets. Our results suggest that regulatory interactions in other tissues contribute to the modulation of blood metabolites. CONCLUSIONS -The spatial SNP-gene-metabolite associations identified in this study expand on the list of genes and tissues that are influenced by metabolic-associated SNPs and improves our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying pathologic blood metabolite levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayaza Fadason
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William Schierding
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nikolai Kolbenev
- The Department of Computer Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jiamou Liu
- The Department of Computer Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Justin M. O’Sullivan
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
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452
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Murciano-Goroff YR, Warner AB, Wolchok JD. The future of cancer immunotherapy: microenvironment-targeting combinations. Cell Res 2020; 30:507-519. [PMID: 32467593 PMCID: PMC7264181 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 425] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy holds the potential to induce durable responses, but only a minority of patients currently respond. The etiologies of primary and secondary resistance to immunotherapy are multifaceted, deriving not only from tumor intrinsic factors, but also from the complex interplay between cancer and its microenvironment. In addressing frontiers in clinical immunotherapy, we describe two categories of approaches to the design of novel drugs and combination therapies: the first involves direct modification of the tumor, while the second indirectly enhances immunogenicity through alteration of the microenvironment. By systematically addressing the factors that mediate resistance, we are able to identify mechanistically-driven novel approaches to improve immunotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison Betof Warner
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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453
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Li H, Feng Z, He ML. Lipid metabolism alteration contributes to and maintains the properties of cancer stem cells. Theranostics 2020; 10:7053-7069. [PMID: 32641978 PMCID: PMC7330842 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids, the basic components of the cell membrane, execute fundamental roles in almost all the cell activities including cell-cell recognition, signalling transduction and energy supplies. Lipid metabolism is elementary for life sustentation that balances activity between synthesis and degradation. An accumulating amount of data has indicated abnormal lipid metabolism in cancer stem cells (CSCs), and that the alteration of lipid metabolism exerts a great impact on CSCs' properties such as the capability of self-renewal, differentiation, invasion, metastasis, and drug sensitivity and resistance. CSCs' formation and maintenance cannot do without the regulation of fatty acids and cholesterol. In normal cells and embryonic development, fatty acids and cholesterol metabolism are regulated by some important signalling pathways (such as Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt signalling pathways); these signalling pathways also play crucial roles in initiating and/or maintaining CSCs' properties, and such signalling is shown to be commonly modulated by the abnormal lipid metabolism in CSCs; on the other hand, the altered lipid metabolism in turn modifies the cell signalling and generates additional impacts on CSCs. Metabolic rewiring is considered as an ideal hallmark of CSCs, and metabolic alterations would be promising therapeutic targets of CSCs for aggressive tumors. In this review, we summarize the most updated findings of lipid metabolic abnormalities in CSCs and prospect the potential applications of targeting lipid metabolism for anticancer treatment.
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454
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The Pivotal Role of the Dysregulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis in Cancer: Implications for Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061410. [PMID: 32486083 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol plays an important role in cellular homeostasis by maintaining the rigidity of cell membranes, providing a medium for signaling transduction, and being converted into other vital macromolecules, such as sterol hormones and bile acids. Epidemiological studies have shown the correlation between cholesterol content and cancer incidence worldwide. Accumulating evidence has shown the emerging roles of the dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism in cancer development. More specifically, recent reports have shown the distinct role of cholesterol in the suppression of immune cells, regulation of cell survival, and modulation of cancer stem cells in cancer. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the epidemiological analysis, functional roles, and mechanistic action of cholesterol homeostasis in regard to its contribution to cancer development. Based on the existing data, cholesterol homeostasis is identified to be a new key player in cancer pathogenesis. Lastly, we also discuss the therapeutic implications of natural compounds and cholesterol-lowering drugs in cancer prevention and treatment. In conclusion, intervention in cholesterol metabolism may offer a new therapeutic avenue for cancer treatment.
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455
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Guan C, Niu Y, Chen SC, Kang Y, Wu JX, Nishi K, Chang CCY, Chang TY, Luo T, Chen L. Structural insights into the inhibition mechanism of human sterol O-acyltransferase 1 by a competitive inhibitor. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2478. [PMID: 32424158 PMCID: PMC7234994 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident, multi-transmembrane enzyme that belongs to the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) family. It catalyzes the esterification of cholesterol to generate cholesteryl esters for cholesterol storage. SOAT1 is a target to treat several human diseases. However, its structure and mechanism remain elusive since its discovery. Here, we report the structure of human SOAT1 (hSOAT1) determined by cryo-EM. hSOAT1 is a tetramer consisted of a dimer of dimer. The structure of hSOAT1 dimer at 3.5 Å resolution reveals that a small molecule inhibitor CI-976 binds inside the catalytic chamber and blocks the accessibility of the active site residues H460, N421 and W420. Our results pave the way for future mechanistic study and rational drug design targeting hSOAT1 and other mammalian MBOAT family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yange Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Koji Nishi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Catherine C Y Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Tuoping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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456
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Qian H, Zhao X, Yan R, Yao X, Gao S, Sun X, Du X, Yang H, Wong CCL, Yan N. Structural basis for catalysis and substrate specificity of human ACAT1. Nature 2020; 581:333-338. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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457
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Structure of nevanimibe-bound tetrameric human ACAT1. Nature 2020; 581:339-343. [PMID: 32433613 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of mammalian cell membranes, constituting up to 50% of plasma membrane lipids. By contrast, it accounts for only 5% of lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)1. The ER enzyme sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (also named acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase, ACAT1) transfers a long-chain fatty acid to cholesterol to form cholesteryl esters that coalesce into cytosolic lipid droplets. Under conditions of cholesterol overload, ACAT1 maintains the low cholesterol concentration of the ER and thereby has an essential role in cholesterol homeostasis2,3. ACAT1 has also been implicated in Alzheimer's disease4, atherosclerosis5 and cancers6. Here we report a cryo-electron microscopy structure of human ACAT1 in complex with nevanimibe7, an inhibitor that is in clinical trials for the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The ACAT1 holoenzyme is a tetramer that consists of two homodimers. Each monomer contains nine transmembrane helices (TMs), six of which (TM4-TM9) form a cavity that accommodates nevanimibe and an endogenous acyl-coenzyme A. This cavity also contains a histidine that has previously been identified as essential for catalytic activity8. Our structural data and biochemical analyses provide a physical model to explain the process of cholesterol esterification, as well as details of the interaction between nevanimibe and ACAT1, which may help to accelerate the development of ACAT1 inhibitors to treat related diseases.
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458
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Bai T, Zhu B, Shao D, Lian Z, Liu P, Shi J, Kong J. Blocking ACAT-1 Activity for Tumor Therapy with Fluorescent Hyperstar Polymer-Encapsulated Avasimible. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e1900438. [PMID: 32406183 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the distinct cholesterol metabolism of tumor cells is proposed as a novel way to treat tumors. Blocking acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) by the inhibitor avasimible (Ava), which elevates intracellular free cholesterol levels, is shown to effectively induce apoptosis. However, Ava faces disadvantages of poor water solubility, a short half-life, and no capability for fluorescence detection, which have greatly limited its application. Herein, a fluorescent hyperstar polymer (FHSP) is developed to encapsulate Ava to improve its ability to inhibit HeLa cells and K562 cells. The results of this study show that the obtained Ava-FHSP micelles possess a high drug loading capacity of 22.7% and bright green fluorescence. Ava and Ava-FHSP are cytotoxic to both HeLa and K562 cells and cause reductions in cell size, nuclear lysis, and chromatin condensation and hindered proliferation of both cell types by causing S phase cell cycle arrest. Further mechanistic analysis indicates that Ava-FHSP reduces the protein and messenger RNA expression of ACAT-1 and significantly increases intracellular free cholesterol levels, which can increase endoplasmic reticulum stress and finally cause cell apoptosis. All these results suggest that this fluorescent hyperstar polymer represents a potential therapeutic tumor strategy by changing the cholesterol metabolism of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Bai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Bobo Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ziyang Lian
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Pei Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jie Kong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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459
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Abstract
In a recently published Cell paper, Roth et al. report a CRISPR-based platform for developing T cell therapies that strategically combine a tumor-specific TCR with novel protein factors that potentiate antitumor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
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460
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Qin WH, Yang ZS, Li M, Chen Y, Zhao XF, Qin YY, Song JQ, Wang BB, Yuan B, Cui XL, Shen F, He J, Bi YF, Ning G, Fu J, Wang HY. High Serum Levels of Cholesterol Increase Antitumor Functions of Nature Killer Cells and Reduce Growth of Liver Tumors in Mice. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1713-1727. [PMID: 31972238 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The relationship between serum cholesterol level and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. We investigated the effects of serum cholesterol level on development of liver tumors in mice. METHODS We performed studies with C57BL/6J mice, mice with disruption of the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene (Ldlr-/-mice), and mice with conditional deletion of nature killer (NK) cells (NKdele mice). Some C57BL/6J and NKdele mice were given injections of diethylinitrosamine to induce liver tumor formation. Mice were placed on a normal diet (ND) or high-cholesterol diet (HCD) to induce high serum levels of cholesterol. We also studied mice with homozygous disruption of ApoE (ApoE-/- mice), which spontaneously develop high serum cholesterol. C57BL/6J and NKdele mice on the ND or HCD were implanted with Hep1-6 (mouse hepatoma) cells and growth of xenograft tumors and lung metastases were monitored. Blood samples were collected from mice and analyzed by biochemistry and flow cytometry; liver and tumor tissues were collected and analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and RNA-sequencing analysis. NK cells were isolated from mice and analyzed for cholesterol content, lipid raft formation, immune signaling, and changes in functions. We obtained matched tumor tissues and blood samples from 30 patients with HCC and blood samples from 40 healthy volunteers; levels of cholesterol and cytotoxicity of NK cells were measured. RESULTS C57BL/6J mice on HCD and ApoE-/- mice with high serum levels of cholesterol developed fewer and smaller liver tumors and lung metastases after diethylinitrosamine injection or implantation of Hep1-6 cells than mice on ND. Liver tumors from HCD-fed mice and ApoE-/- mice had increased numbers of NK cells compared to tumors from ND-fed mice. NKdele mice or mice with antibody-based depletion for NK cells showed similar tumor number and size in ND and HCD groups after diethylinitrosamine injection or implantation of Hep1-6 cells. NK cells isolated from C57BL/6J mice fed with HCD had increased expression of NK cell-activating receptors (natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 and natural killer group 2, member D), markers of effector function (granzyme B and perforin), and cytokines and chemokines compared with NK cells from mice on ND; these NK cells also had enhanced cytotoxic activity against mouse hepatoma cells, accumulated cholesterol, increased lipid raft formation, and immune signaling activation. NK cells isolated from HCD-fed Ldlr-/- mice did not have increased cholesterol content or cytotoxic activity against mouse hepatoma cells compared with ND-fed Ldlr-/- mice. Serum levels of cholesterol correlated with number and activity of NK cells isolated from human HCCs. CONCLUSIONS Mice with increased serum levels of cholesterol due to an HCD or genetic disruption of ApoE develop fewer and smaller tumors after injection of hepatoma cells or a chemical carcinogen. We found cholesterol to accumulate in NK cells and activate their effector functions against hepatoma cells. Strategies to increase cholesterol uptake by NK cells can be developed for treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Qin
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Shi Yang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mian Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Zhao
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Yi Qin
- Department of Health Statistics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Qi Song
- Department of Health Statistics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bi-Bo Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Liang Cui
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Health Statistics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Fang Bi
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Fu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China; Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-Biliary Tumor Biology, Shanghai, China.
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461
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Heinemann NC, Tischer-Zimmermann S, Wittke TC, Eigendorf J, Kerling A, Framke T, Melk A, Heuft HG, Blasczyk R, Maecker-Kolhoff B, Eiz-Vesper B. High-intensity interval training in allogeneic adoptive T-cell immunotherapy - a big HIT? J Transl Med 2020; 18:148. [PMID: 32238166 PMCID: PMC7114817 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adoptive transfer of virus-specific T cells (VSTs) represents a prophylactic and curative approach for opportunistic viral infections and reactivations after transplantation. However, inadequate frequencies of circulating memory VSTs in the T-cell donor’s peripheral blood often result in insufficient enrichment efficiency and purity of the final T-cell product, limiting the effectiveness of this approach. Methods This pilot study was designed as a cross-over trial and compared the effect of a single bout (30 min) of high-intensity interval training (HIT) with that of 30 min of continuous exercise (CONT) on the frequency and function of circulating donor VSTs. To this end, we used established immunoassays to examine the donors’ cellular immune status, in particular, with respect to the frequency and specific characteristics of VSTs restricted against Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-, Epstein–Barr-Virus (EBV)- and Adenovirus (AdV)-derived antigens. T-cell function, phenotype, activation and proliferation were examined at different time points before and after exercise to identify the most suitable time for T-cell donation. The clinical applicability was determined by small-scale T-cell enrichment using interferon- (IFN-) γ cytokine secretion assay and virus-derived overlapping peptide pools. Results HIT proved to be the most effective exercise program with up to fivefold higher VST response. In general, donors with a moderate fitness level had higher starting and post-exercise frequencies of VSTs than highly fit donors, who showed significantly lower post-exercise increases in VST frequencies. Both exercise programs boosted the number of VSTs against less immunodominant antigens, specifically CMV (IE-1), EBV (EBNA-1) and AdV (Hexon, Penton), compared to VSTs against immunodominant antigens with higher memory T-cell frequencies. Conclusion This study demonstrates that exercise before T-cell donation has a beneficial effect on the donor’s cellular immunity with respect to the proportion of circulating functionally active VSTs. We conclude that a single bout of HIT exercise 24 h before T-cell donation can significantly improve manufacturing of clinically applicable VSTs. This simple and economical adjuvant treatment proved to be especially efficient in enhancing virus-specific memory T cells with low precursor frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Carolin Heinemann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Tischer-Zimmermann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Julian Eigendorf
- Department of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arno Kerling
- Department of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Theodor Framke
- Department of Biometry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anette Melk
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Disease, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans-Gert Heuft
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Maecker-Kolhoff
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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462
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Webb LM, Sengupta S, Edell C, Piedra-Quintero ZL, Amici SA, Miranda JN, Bevins M, Kennemer A, Laliotis G, Tsichlis PN, Guerau-de-Arellano M. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 promotes cholesterol biosynthesis-mediated Th17 responses and autoimmunity. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1683-1698. [PMID: 32091410 PMCID: PMC7108896 DOI: 10.1172/jci131254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) catalyzes symmetric dimethylation (SDM) of arginine, a posttranslational modification involved in oncogenesis and embryonic development. However, the role and mechanisms by which PRMT5 modulates Th cell polarization and autoimmune disease have not yet been elucidated. Here, we found that PRMT5 promoted SREBP1 SDM and the induction of cholesterol biosynthetic pathway enzymes that produce retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR) agonists that activate RORγt. Specific loss of PRMT5 in the CD4+ Th cell compartment suppressed Th17 differentiation and protected mice from developing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We also found that PRMT5 controlled thymic and peripheral homeostasis in the CD4+ Th cell life cycle and invariant NK (iNK) T cell development and CD8+ T cell maintenance. This work demonstrates that PRMT5 expression in recently activated T cells is necessary for the cholesterol biosynthesis metabolic gene expression program that generates RORγt agonistic activity and promotes Th17 differentiation and EAE. These results point to Th PRMT5 and its downstream cholesterol biosynthesis pathway as promising therapeutic targets in Th17-mediated diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cholesterol/genetics
- Cholesterol/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Natural Killer T-Cells/pathology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/immunology
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/genetics
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/immunology
- Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/genetics
- Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/immunology
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Webb
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, and
| | - Shouvonik Sengupta
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, and
| | - Claudia Edell
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center
| | - Zayda L Piedra-Quintero
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center
| | - Stephanie A Amici
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center
| | - Janiret Narvaez Miranda
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center
| | | | - Austin Kennemer
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center
| | - Georgios Laliotis
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Philip N Tsichlis
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, and
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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463
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Zhang D, Shi R, Xiang W, Kang X, Tang B, Li C, Gao L, Zhang X, Zhang L, Dai R, Miao H. The Agpat4/LPA axis in colorectal cancer cells regulates antitumor responses via p38/p65 signaling in macrophages. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:24. [PMID: 32296017 PMCID: PMC7099097 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolic reprogramming plays an essential role in regulating the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the effect of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) metabolism on CRC development is incompletely characterized. Here, we compared the mRNA levels of human CRC tissues to those of paracarcinoma tissues and focused on the notably enriched LPA metabolic pathways. We identified and verified that 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 4 (Agpat4) was aberrantly expressed in CRC tissues and predicted poor survival in CRC patients. Manipulating Agpat4 expression in CRC cells did not affect the growth or migration of CRC cells in vitro, whereas Agpat4 silencing suppressed CRC cell growth in subcutaneous and peritoneal xenograft models. Mechanistically, Agpat4 silencing-induced LPA release from CRC cells and polarized macrophages to an M1-like phenotype through LPA receptors 1 and 3. This M1 activation, characterized by elevated p38/p65 signaling and increased proinflammatory cytokines, promoted the infiltration and activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Modulation of the Agpat4/LPA/p38/p65 axis regulated macrophage polarization, T-cell activity and CRC progression. Notably, combined therapy with LPA and regular chemotherapy drugs synergistically suppressed CRC development. Taken together, our results showed that the Agpat4/LPA axis in CRC cells regulated p38/p65 signaling-dependent macrophage polarization, T-cell activation, and CRC progression. The Agpat4/LPA/p38/p65 axis might represent a potential target for therapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rongchen Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xia Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Linfeng Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Military Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rongyang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Hongming Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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464
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Saravia J, Raynor JL, Chapman NM, Lim SA, Chi H. Signaling networks in immunometabolism. Cell Res 2020; 30:328-342. [PMID: 32203134 PMCID: PMC7118125 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immunity is essential for pathogen and tumor eradication, but may also trigger uncontrolled or pathological inflammation. T cell receptor, co-stimulatory and cytokine signals coordinately dictate specific signaling networks that trigger the activation and functional programming of T cells. In addition, cellular metabolism promotes T cell responses and is dynamically regulated through the interplay of serine/threonine kinases, immunological cues and nutrient signaling networks. In this review, we summarize the upstream regulators and signaling effectors of key serine/threonine kinase-mediated signaling networks, including PI3K–AGC kinases, mTOR and LKB1–AMPK pathways that regulate metabolism, especially in T cells. We also provide our perspectives about the pending questions and clinical applicability of immunometabolic signaling. Understanding the regulators and effectors of immunometabolic signaling networks may uncover therapeutic targets to modulate metabolic programming and T cell responses in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy Saravia
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jana L Raynor
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Nicole M Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Seon Ah Lim
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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465
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Ramakrishna S, Barsan V, Mackall C. Prospects and challenges for use of CAR T cell therapies in solid tumors. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:503-516. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1738378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Ramakrishna
- Department of Pediatrics, Bass Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford, USA
| | - Valentin Barsan
- Department of Pediatrics, Bass Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford, USA
| | - Crystal Mackall
- Department of Pediatrics, Bass Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
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466
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Li M, Lu J, Fu J, Wan Q, Wang T, Huo Y, Xu Y, Xu M, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Wang S, Qin G, Qin Y, Hu R, Tang X, Wang G, Shen F, Luo Z, Chen L, Su Q, Yu X, Yan L, Chen G, Gao Z, Zhang Y, Liu C, Wang Y, Wu S, Yang T, Li Q, Mu Y, Zhao J, Chen L, Shi L, Ning G, Bi Y, Wang H, Wang W. The association and joint effect of serum cholesterol, glycemic status with the risk of incident cancer among middle-aged and elderly population in china cardiometabolic disease and cancer cohort (4C)-study. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:975-986. [PMID: 32266104 PMCID: PMC7136907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The associations between different combinations of metabolic abnormalities and the risk of all and site-specific cancers remain unclear. We aimed to estimate the association and interplay between serum cholesterol, glycemic status and risk of cancer in the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C)-Study, a nationwide, multicenter, prospective, population-based study. The investigation was performed in 137,884 participants during 2014-2016. Incident cancer was defined as the first occurrence of any type cancer of all sites during follow-up. After 510,164 person-years of follow-up, 1,710 were detected as incident cancer after exclusion of participants diagnosed as cancer within 6 months from baseline. A relatively low level of LDL cholesterol (<100 mg/dl) was related to a significant higher risk of incident cancer [1.20 (1.08-1.34); P=0.0007]. Diabetic individuals have a significantly higher risk of incident cancer, especially those with poorly glycemic control. Diabetic participants with both lower levels of LDL cholesterol and poorly glycemic control were at a higher risk of incident cancer [1.42 (1.10-1.81); P=0.006]. Our study showed a positive association of cancer risk with low-level LDL cholesterol and diabetes and found that participants with both lower levels of LDL cholesterol and poorly controlled diabetes had the higher risk of incident cancer, which indicates the compelling need of achieving glycemic control goal and maintaining appropriate LDL cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Jieli Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Jing Fu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, National Center for Liver CancerShanghai, China
| | - Qin Wan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Yanan Huo
- Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China
| | - Yu Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Shuangyuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Yingfen Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, China
| | - Ruying Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionZhejiang, China
| | - Xulei Tang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Feixia Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Zuojie Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, China
| | - Li Chen
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Qing Su
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Li Yan
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, China
| | | | - Yinfei Zhang
- Central Hospital of Shanghai Jiading DistrictShanghai, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Youmin Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China
| | - Shengli Wu
- Karamay Municipal People’s HospitalXinjiang, China
| | - Tao Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Chinese People’s Liberation Army General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Lixin Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical CollegeGuiyang, China
| | - Guang Ning
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Yufang Bi
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, National Center for Liver CancerShanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
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467
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Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Immunometabolism in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Rev 2020; 294:177-187. [PMID: 31984519 PMCID: PMC7047523 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), breakdown of self-tolerance and onset of clinical disease are separated in time and space, supporting a multi-hit model in which emergence of autoreactive T cells is a pinnacle pathogenic event. Determining factors in T cell differentiation and survival include antigen recognition, but also the metabolic machinery that provides energy and biosynthetic molecules for cell building. Studies in patients with RA have yielded a disease-specific metabolic signature, which enables naive CD4 T cells to differentiate into pro-inflammatory helper T cells that are prone to invade into tissue and elicit inflammation through immunogenic cell death. A typifying property of RA CD4 T cells is the shunting of glucose away from glycolytic breakdown and mitochondrial processing toward the pentose phosphate pathway, favoring anabolic over catabolic reactions. Key defects have been localized to the mitochondria and the lysosome; including instability of mitochondrial DNA due to the lack of the DNA repair nuclease MRE11A and inefficient lysosomal tethering of AMPK due to deficiency of N-myristoyltransferase 1 (NMT1). The molecular taxonomy of the metabolically reprogrammed RA T cells includes glycolytic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase), DNA repair molecules (MRE11A, ATM), regulators of protein trafficking (NMT1), and the membrane adapter protein TSK5. As the mechanisms determining abnormal T cell behavior in RA are unraveled, opportunities will emerge to interject autoimmune T cells by targeting their metabolic checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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468
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Xu X, Li H, Xu C. Structural understanding of T cell receptor triggering. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:193-202. [PMID: 32047259 PMCID: PMC7052162 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The T cell receptor (TCR) is one of the most complicated receptors in mammalian cells, and its triggering mechanism remains mysterious. As an octamer complex, TCR comprises an antigen-binding subunit (TCRαβ) and three CD3 signaling subunits (CD3ζζ, CD3δε, and CD3γε). Engagement of TCRαβ with an antigen peptide presented on the MHC leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) in CD3 cytoplasmic domains (CDs), thus translating extracellular binding kinetics to intracellular signaling events. Whether conformational change plays an important role in the transmembrane signal transduction of TCR is under debate. Attracted by the complexity and functional importance of TCR, many groups have been studying TCR structure and triggering for decades using diverse biochemical and biophysical tools. Here, we synthesize these structural studies and discuss the relevance of the conformational change model in TCR triggering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Science Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Science Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Science Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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469
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Enforced PGC-1α expression promotes CD8 T cell fitness, memory formation and antitumor immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:1761-1771. [PMID: 32055005 PMCID: PMC8245409 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0365-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory CD8 T cells can provide long-term protection against tumors, which depends on their enhanced proliferative capacity, self-renewal and unique metabolic rewiring to sustain cellular fitness. Specifically, memory CD8 T cells engage oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation to fulfill their metabolic demands. In contrast, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) display severe metabolic defects, which may underlie their functional decline. Here, we show that overexpression of proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis (MB), favors CD8 T cell central memory formation rather than resident memory generation. PGC-1α-overexpressing CD8 T cells persist and mediate more robust recall responses to bacterial infection or peptide vaccination. Importantly, CD8 T cells with enhanced PGC-1α expression provide stronger antitumor immunity in a mouse melanoma model. Moreover, TILs overexpressing PGC-1α maintain higher mitochondrial activity and improved expansion when rechallenged in a tumor-free host. Altogether, our findings indicate that enforcing mitochondrial biogenesis promotes CD8 T cell memory formation, metabolic fitness, and antitumor immunity in vivo.
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470
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Zhao L, Liu Y, Zhao F, Jin Y, Feng J, Geng R, Sun J, Kang L, Yu L, Wei Y. Inhibition of Cholesterol Esterification Enzyme Enhances the Potency of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells against Pancreatic Carcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 16:262-271. [PMID: 32181327 PMCID: PMC7063140 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of inhibiting cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT-1) in chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells on potentiating the antitumor response against mesothelin (MSLN)-expressing pancreatic carcinoma (PC) cells. We engineered ACAT-1-inhibited CAR-T cells (CAR-T-1847 and CAR-T-1848) using the targeting MSLN CAR lentiviral vector and small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the conserved region of the ACAT-1 gene, and characterized the efficacy of these modified CAR-T cells in terms of the cytotoxicity and cytokine release of both MSLN-positive and MSLN-negative PC cells using in vitro methods and in vivo mouse xenografts. The ACAT-1-inhibited CAR-T-1847 and CAR-T-1848 cells showed a higher cytotoxicity at effector-to-target cell (E:T) ratios of 8:1 and 10:1, respectively, and induced a higher secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) in vitro. In addition, bioluminescence imaging of tumor xenografts of ACAT-1-inhibited targeting MSLN CAR-T cells in MSLN-positive PC mice in vivo showed significant tumor regression, which is consistent with the in vitro observations. Our findings demonstrate a novel immunotherapeutic strategy involving the transplantation of ACAT-1-inhibited targeting MSLN CAR-T cells and the feasibility of enhancing the antitumor potency of CAR-T through the novel strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Oncological and Laparoscopic Surgery Department, First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Oncological and Laparoscopic Surgery Department, First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Fuya Zhao
- Oncological and Laparoscopic Surgery Department, First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Oncological and Laparoscopic Surgery Department, First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Oncological and Laparoscopic Surgery Department, First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Rui Geng
- Oncological and Laparoscopic Surgery Department, First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Oncological and Laparoscopic Surgery Department, First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Liqing Kang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yunwei Wei
- Oncological and Laparoscopic Surgery Department, First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang 150001, China
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471
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Breuer DA, Pacheco MC, Washington MK, Montgomery SA, Hasty AH, Kennedy AJ. CD8 + T cells regulate liver injury in obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G211-G224. [PMID: 31709830 PMCID: PMC7052570 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00040.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has increased in Western countries due to the prevalence of obesity. Current interests are aimed at identifying the type and function of immune cells that infiltrate the liver and key factors responsible for mediating their recruitment and activation in NASH. We investigated the function and phenotype of CD8+ T cells under obese and nonobese NASH conditions. We found an elevation in CD8 staining in livers from obese human subjects with NASH and cirrhosis that positively correlated with α-smooth muscle actin, a marker of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. CD8+ T cells were elevated 3.5-fold in the livers of obese and hyperlipidemic NASH mice compared with obese hepatic steatosis mice. Isolated hepatic CD8+ T cells from these mice expressed a cytotoxic IL-10-expressing phenotype, and depletion of CD8+ T cells led to significant reductions in hepatic inflammation, HSC activation, and macrophage accumulation. Furthermore, hepatic CD8+ T cells from obese and hyperlipidemic NASH mice activated HSCs in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, in the lean NASH mouse model, depletion and knockdown of CD8+ T cells did not impact liver inflammation or HSC activation. We demonstrated that under obese/hyperlipidemia conditions, CD8+ T cell are key regulators of the progression of NASH, while under nonobese conditions they play a minimal role in driving the disease. Thus, therapies targeting CD8+ T cells may be a novel approach for treatment of obesity-associated NASH.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study demonstrates that CD8+ T cells are the primary hepatic T cell population, are elevated in obese models of NASH, and directly activate hepatic stellate cells. In contrast, we find CD8+ T cells from lean NASH models do not regulate NASH-associated inflammation or stellate cell activation. Thus, for the first time to our knowledge, we demonstrate that hepatic CD8+ T cells are key players in obesity-associated NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denitra A. Breuer
- 1Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Maria Cristina Pacheco
- 2Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M. Kay Washington
- 2Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Stephanie A. Montgomery
- 4Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Lineberger Cancer Center, University North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alyssa H. Hasty
- 3Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Arion J. Kennedy
- 1Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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472
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Huang B, Song BL, Xu C. Cholesterol metabolism in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Metab 2020; 2:132-141. [PMID: 32694690 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism produces essential membrane components as well as metabolites with a variety of biological functions. In the tumour microenvironment, cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic cues reprogram cholesterol metabolism and consequently promote tumourigenesis. Cholesterol-derived metabolites play complex roles in supporting cancer progression and suppressing immune responses. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that manipulating cholesterol metabolism inhibits tumour growth, reshapes the immunological landscape and reinvigorates anti-tumour immunity. Here, we review cholesterol metabolism in cancer cells, its role in cancer progression and the mechanisms through which cholesterol metabolites affect immune cells in the tumour microenvironment. We also discuss therapeutic strategies aimed at interfering with cholesterol metabolism, and how the combination of such approaches with existing anti-cancer therapies can have synergistic effects, thus offering new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binlu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Science Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Science Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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473
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Fu S, He K, Tian C, Sun H, Zhu C, Bai S, Liu J, Wu Q, Xie D, Yue T, Shen Z, Dai Q, Yu X, Zhu S, Liu G, Zhou R, Duan S, Tian Z, Xu T, Wang H, Bai L. Impaired lipid biosynthesis hinders anti-tumor efficacy of intratumoral iNKT cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:438. [PMID: 31974378 PMCID: PMC6978340 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in tumor microenvironment hinders their anti-tumor efficacy, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that iNKT cells increase lipid biosynthesis after activation, and that is promoted by PPARγ and PLZF synergically through enhancing transcription of Srebf1. Among those lipids, cholesterol is required for the optimal IFN-γ production from iNKT cells. Lactic acid in tumor microenvironment reduces expression of PPARγ in intratumoral iNKT cells and consequently diminishes their cholesterol synthesis and IFN-γ production. Importantly, PPARγ agonist pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione drug for type 2 diabetes, successfully restores IFN-γ production in tumor-infiltrating iNKT cells from both human patients and mouse models. Combination of pioglitazone and alpha-galactosylceramide treatments significantly enhances iNKT cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses and prolongs survival of tumor-bearing mice. Our studies provide a strategy to augment the anti-tumor efficacy of iNKT cell-based immunotherapies via promoting their lipid biosynthesis. Lipid metabolism has been linked to iNKT function largely as it impacts processing and presentation of lipids they recognize. Here the authors show that iNKT-intrinsic lipid biosynthesis is important for their function but is impaired in tumors, and its restoration with PPARγ agonist drugs promotes anti-tumor iNKT response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Fu
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Kaixin He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Chenxi Tian
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Chenwen Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Shiyu Bai
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Jiwei Liu
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Qielan Wu
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Di Xie
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Ting Yue
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Zhuxia Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qingqing Dai
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Gang Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Shengzhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Tao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Li Bai
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
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474
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Payandeh Z, Khalili S, Somi MH, Mard-Soltani M, Baghbanzadeh A, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Samadi N, Baradaran B. PD-1/PD-L1-dependent immune response in colorectal cancer. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5461-5475. [PMID: 31960962 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still considered as the third most frequent cancer in the world. Microsatellite instability (MSI), inflammation, and microRNAs have been demonstrated as the main contributing factors in CRC. Subtype 1 CRC is defined by NK cells infiltration, induction of Th1 lymphocyte and cytotoxic T cell responses as well as upregulation of immune checkpoint proteins including programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). Based on the diverse features of CRC, such as the stage and localization of the tumor, several treatment approaches are available. However, the efficiency of these treatments may be decreased due to the development of diverse resistance mechanisms. It has been proven that monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can increase the effectiveness of CRC treatments. Nowadays, several mAbs including nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been approved for the treatment of CRC. Immune checkpoint receptors including PD-1 can be inhibited by these antibodies. Combination therapy gives an opportunity for advanced treatment for CRC patients. In this review, an update has been provided on the molecular mechanisms involved in MSI colorectal cancer immune microenvironment by focusing on PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and treatment of patients with advanced immunotherapy, which were examined in the different clinical trial phases. Considering induced expression of PD-L1 by conventional chemotherapeutics, we have summarized the role of PD-L1 in CRC, the chemotherapy effects on the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and novel combined approaches to enhance immunotherapy of CRC by focusing on PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Payandeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maysam Mard-Soltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nasser Samadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical, Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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475
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Yang J, Wang L, Jia R. Role of de novo cholesterol synthesis enzymes in cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:1761-1767. [PMID: 32194787 PMCID: PMC7052851 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research in the cancer field, cancer remains one of the most prevalent diseases. There is an urgent need to identify specific targets that are safe and effective for the treatment of cancer. In recent years, cancer metabolism has come into the spotlight in cancer research. Lipid metabolism, especially cholesterol metabolism, plays a critical role in membrane synthesis as well as lipid signaling in cancer. This review focuses on the contribution of the de novo cholesterol synthesis pathway to tumorigenesis, cancer progression and metastasis. In conclusion, cholesterol metabolism could be an effective target for novel anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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476
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Steroidal glycoalkaloids from Solanum lyratum inhibit the pro-angiogenic activity of A549-derived exosomes. Fitoterapia 2020; 141:104481. [PMID: 31954179 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, seven previously undescribed steroidal glycoalkaloids, compounds 1-7, were isolated from Solanum lyratum, along with two known ones (8 and 9). Comprehensive spectroscopy techniques were used to determine their structures. Although 1-8 only showed a weak inhibitory effect on the proliferation of the tumor-derived vascular endothelial cells, however, in a former study we found both total steroidal glycoalkaloids from Solanum lyratum (TSGS) and 9 significantly inhibited tumor angiogenesis and its mechanism was linked to its ability to interfere with cell membrane lipid rafts. Lipid rafts are closely related to the functions of tumor-derived exosomes, a vital factor in cancer progression. Thus, we investigated the impacts of TSGS and 9 on the functions of A549-derived exosomes. Our results indicated that A549-derived exosomes can significantly enhance the angiogenesis abilities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, whereas the intervention of TSGS or 9 significantly inhibited this activity of A549-derived exosomes. These findings suggest that TSGS and 9 exert anti-tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting the pro-angiogenic activity of A549-derived exosomes.
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477
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Depciuch J, Tołpa B, Witek P, Szmuc K, Kaznowska E, Osuchowski M, Król P, Cebulski J. Raman and FTIR spectroscopy in determining the chemical changes in healthy brain tissues and glioblastoma tumor tissues. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 225:117526. [PMID: 31655362 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, also called glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is a particularly malignant form of primary brain tumor. This cancer accounts for 12-15% of all brain tumors. Despite the advances in neurosurgery, radio and chemotherapy the average survival rate is only 12.1-16.6 months. This is due not only to the late diagnosis of the disease, but also to ineffective treatment methods which result from the still low knowledge about the causes of glioblastoma development. Therefore, it is very important to look for new diagnostic methods of detection of the smallest features of cancer. Raman and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) can be such methods. In this paper we discuss the chemical composition of sample glioblastoma brain tissues and marginal brain tissues using these two spectroscopy methods. Raman and FTIR spectra of cancer brain tissues showed that the highest differences in the chemical composition, compared to the control brain tissue, occur in the areas corresponding to lipids, collagen and proteins. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy also showed significant changes in the cancer tissues in the phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. Interestingly, FTIR spectra after Kramers-Kronig transformations showed signals only for three peaks which corresponded to the vibrations of lipid function groups. Adjustment of the Lorenz function for these three peaks showed that only in the case of cancerous tissues the number of matching lines is different, compared to the control and marginal tissues. Therefore, we assume that lipids could be a spectroscopic marker for brain tumor. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) showed that chemical changes seen between cancer and control tissues are significant and it is possible to differentiate the infected tissue from the healthy one. Interestingly, the PCA analysis also showed that adjacent brain tissues have different chemical composition than the control tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Depciuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland.
| | - B Tołpa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital Nr 2 in Rzeszow, Lwowska 60, 35-309, Poland
| | - P Witek
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Centre of Innovation and Transfer of Natural Sciences and Engineering Knowledge, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - K Szmuc
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Centre of Innovation and Transfer of Natural Sciences and Engineering Knowledge, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - E Kaznowska
- Department of Patomorphology, Chair of Morphological Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszow, Kopisto 2a, 35-959, Poland
| | - M Osuchowski
- Department of Patomorphology, Chair of Morphological Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszow, Kopisto 2a, 35-959, Poland
| | - P Król
- Department of Physical Education, University of Rzeszow, Towarnickiego 3, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - J Cebulski
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Centre of Innovation and Transfer of Natural Sciences and Engineering Knowledge, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
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478
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Hu Y, Wang H, Li C, Liu J, Xu B, Di W. Enzyme-instructed assembly of a cholesterol conjugate promotes pro-inflammatory macrophages and induces apoptosis of cancer cells. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:2007-2017. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00125b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-instructed assembly that promotes pro-inflammatory macrophages and induces the apoptosis of cancer cells provides a unique method for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Ren Ji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200127
| | - Huaimin Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Brandeis University
- Waltham
- USA
| | - Chenge Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Ren Ji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200127
| | - Jinyao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Ren Ji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200127
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- Brandeis University
- Waltham
- USA
| | - Wen Di
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Ren Ji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200127
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479
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Abstract
Metabolism is a common cellular feature. Cancer creates a suppressive microenvironment resulting in inactivation of antigen-specific T cells by metabolic reprogramming. Development of approaches that enhance and sustain physiologic properties of T cell metabolism to prevent T cell inactivation and promote effector function in the tumor microenvironment is an urgent need for improvement of cell-based cancer immunotherapies.
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480
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Hargadon KM. Tumor microenvironmental influences on dendritic cell and T cell function: A focus on clinically relevant immunologic and metabolic checkpoints. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:374-411. [PMID: 32508018 PMCID: PMC7240858 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is fast becoming one of the most promising means of treating malignant disease. Cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer therapies, and immune checkpoint blockade have all shown varying levels of success in the clinical management of several cancer types in recent years. However, despite the clinical benefits often achieved by these regimens, an ongoing problem for many patients is the inherent or acquired resistance of their cancer to immunotherapy. It is now appreciated that dendritic cells and T lymphocytes both play key roles in antitumor immune responses and that the tumor microenvironment presents a number of barriers to the function of these cells that can ultimately limit the success of immunotherapy. In particular, the engagement of several immunologic and metabolic checkpoints within the hostile tumor microenvironment can severely compromise the antitumor functions of these important immune populations. This review highlights work from both preclinical and clinical studies that has shaped our understanding of the tumor microenvironment and its influence on dendritic cell and T cell function. It focuses on clinically relevant targeted and immunotherapeutic strategies that have emerged from these studies in an effort to prevent or overcome immune subversion within the tumor microenvironment. Emphasis is also placed on the potential of next-generation combinatorial regimens that target metabolic and immunologic impediments to dendritic cell and T lymphocyte function as strategies to improve antitumor immune reactivity and the clinical outcome of cancer immunotherapy going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian M. Hargadon
- Hargadon LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyHampden‐Sydney CollegeHampden‐SydneyVirginiaUSA
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481
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de Almeida LY, Mariano FS, Bastos DC, Cavassani KA, Raphelson J, Mariano VS, Agostini M, Moreira FS, Coletta RD, Mattos-Graner RO, Graner E. The antimetastatic activity of orlistat is accompanied by an antitumoral immune response in mouse melanoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 85:321-330. [PMID: 31863126 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-04010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the multifunctional enzyme responsible for endogenous fatty acid synthesis, is highly expressed and associated with poor prognosis in several human cancers, including melanoma. Our group has previously shown that pharmacological inhibition of FASN with orlistat decreases proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and reduces the metastatic spread of B16-F10 cells in experimental models of melanoma. While most of the orlistat antitumor properties seem to be closely related to direct effects on malignant cells, its impact on the host immune system is still unknown. METHODS The effects of orlistat on the phenotype and activation status of infiltrating leukocytes in primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes were assessed using a model of spontaneous melanoma metastasis (B16-F10 cells/C57BL/6 mice). Cells from the primary tumors and lymph nodes were mechanically dissociated and immune cells phenotyped by flow cytometry. The expression of IL-12p35, IL-12p40, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was analyzed by qRT-PCR and production of nitrite (NO2-) evaluated in serum samples with the Griess method. RESULTS Orlistat-treated mice exhibited a 25% reduction in the number of mediastinal lymph node metastases (mean 3.96 ± 0.78, 95% CI 3.63-4.28) compared to the controls (mean 5.7 ± 1.72; 95% CI 5.01-6.43). The drug elicited an antitumor immune response against experimental melanomas by increasing maturation of intratumoral dendritic cells (DC), stimulating the expression of cytotoxicity markers in CD8 T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, as well as reducing regulatory T cells (Tregs). Moreover, the orlistat-treatment increased serum levels of nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest that orlistat supports an antitumor response against experimental melanomas by increasing CD80/CD81-positive and IL-12-positive DC populations, granzyme b/NKG2D-positive NK populations, and perforin/granzyme b-positive CD8 T lymphocytes as well as reducing Tregs counts within experimental melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Y de Almeida
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Flávia S Mariano
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Débora C Bastos
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Karen A Cavassani
- Urologic Oncology Program/Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Janna Raphelson
- Urologic Oncology Program/Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Vânia S Mariano
- Department of Basic and Applied Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle Agostini
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Moreira
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Renata O Mattos-Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Edgard Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
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482
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Carpenter KJ, Valfort AC, Steinauer N, Chatterjee A, Abuirqeba S, Majidi S, Sengupta M, Di Paolo RJ, Shornick LP, Zhang J, Flaveny CA. LXR-inverse agonism stimulates immune-mediated tumor destruction by enhancing CD8 T-cell activity in triple negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19530. [PMID: 31863071 PMCID: PMC6925117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype that is untreatable with hormonal or HER2-targeted therapies and is also typically unresponsive to checkpoint-blockade immunotherapy. Within the tumor microenvironment dysregulated immune cell metabolism has emerged as a key mechanism of tumor immune-evasion. We have discovered that the Liver-X-Receptors (LXRα and LXRβ), nuclear receptors known to regulate lipid metabolism and tumor-immune interaction, are highly activated in TNBC tumor associated myeloid cells. We therefore theorized that inhibiting LXR would induce immune-mediated TNBC-tumor clearance. Here we show that pharmacological inhibition of LXR activity induces tumor destruction primarily through stimulation of CD8+ T-cell cytotoxic activity and mitochondrial metabolism. Our results imply that LXR inverse agonists may be a promising new class of TNBC immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Carpenter
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Aurore-Cecile Valfort
- The Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Saint Louis College of Pharmacy, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nick Steinauer
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Arindam Chatterjee
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Suomia Abuirqeba
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Shabnam Majidi
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Monideepa Sengupta
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Richard J Di Paolo
- The Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.,The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish and Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Laurie P Shornick
- The Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.,The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish and Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Colin A Flaveny
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA. .,The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish and Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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483
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Mechanisms and regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 21:225-245. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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484
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Kim YU, Kee P, Danila D, Teng BB. A Critical Role of PCSK9 in Mediating IL-17-Producing T Cell Responses in Hyperlipidemia. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e41. [PMID: 31921471 PMCID: PMC6943168 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that atherogenic Ldlr -/- Apobec1 -/- (LDb) double knockout mice lacking both low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-1 (Apobec1) had increased serum IL-17 levels, with T cell programming shifted towards Th17 cells. In this study, we assessed the role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in T cell programming and atherogenesis. We deleted the Pcsk9 gene from LDb mice to generate Ldlr -/- Apobec1 -/- Pcsk9 -/- (LTp) triple knockout mice. Atherosclerosis in the aortic sinus and aorta were quantitated. Lymphoid cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, ELISA and real-time PCR. Despite of dyslipidemia, LTp mice developed barely detectable atherosclerotic lesions. The IL-17, was very low in plasma and barely detectable in the aortic sinus in the LTp mice. In the spleen, the number of CD4+CD8- cells and splenocytes were much lower in the LDb mice than LTp mice, whereas, the IL-17-producing cells of γδTCR+ T cells and effector memory CD4+ T cells (CD44hiCD4+) in the spleen were significantly higher in the LDb mice than in the LTp mice. The Rorc mRNA expression levels were elevated in LDb mice compared to LTp mice. When re-stimulated with an anti-CD3 Ab, CD44hiCD4+ T cells from LDb mice secreted more IL-17 than those from LTp mice. T cells from LDb mice (with PCSK9) produce more IL-17 at basal and stimulated conditions when compared with LTp mice (without PCSK9). Despite the dyslipidemic profile and the lack of LDLR, atherogenesis is markedly reduced in LTp mice. These results suggest that PCSK9 is associated with changes in T cell programming that contributes to the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Uk Kim
- Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patrick Kee
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Delia Danila
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ba-Bie Teng
- Center for Human Genetics, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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485
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Dafni U, Michielin O, Lluesma SM, Tsourti Z, Polydoropoulou V, Karlis D, Besser MJ, Haanen J, Svane IM, Ohashi PS, Kammula US, Orcurto A, Zimmermann S, Trueb L, Klebanoff CA, Lotze MT, Kandalaft LE, Coukos G. Efficacy of adoptive therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and recombinant interleukin-2 in advanced cutaneous melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1902-1913. [PMID: 31566658 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has been tested in advanced melanoma patients at various centers. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess its efficacy on previously treated advanced metastatic cutaneous melanoma. The PubMed electronic database was searched from inception to 17 December 2018 to identify studies administering TIL-ACT and recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) following non-myeloablative chemotherapy in previously treated metastatic melanoma patients. Objective response rate (ORR) was the primary end point. Secondary end points were complete response rate (CRR), overall survival (OS), duration of response (DOR) and toxicity. Pooled estimates were derived from fixed or random effect models, depending on the amount of heterogeneity detected. Analysis was carried out separately for high dose (HD) and low dose (LD) IL-2. Sensitivity analyses were carried out. Among 1211 records screened, 13 studies (published 1988 - 2016) were eligible for meta-analysis. Among 410 heavily pretreated patients (some with brain metastasis), 332 received HD-IL-2 and 78 LD-IL-2. The pooled overall ORR estimate was 41% [95% confidence interval (CI) 35% to 48%], and the overall CRR was 12% (95% CI 7% to 16%). For the HD-IL-2 group, the ORR was 43% (95% CI 36% to 50%), while for the LD-IL-2 it was 35% (95% CI 25% to 45%). Corresponding pooled estimates for CRR were 14% (95% CI 7% to 20%) and 7% (95% CI 1% to 12%). The majority of HD-IL-2 complete responders (27/28) remained in remission during the extent of follow-up after CR (median 40 months). Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results. Higher number of infused cells was associated with a favorable response. The ORR for HD-IL-2 compared favorably with the nivolumab/ipilimumab combination following anti-PD-1 failure. TIL-ACT therapy, especially when combined with HD-IL-2, achieves durable clinical benefit and warrants further investigation. We discuss the current position of TIL-ACT in the therapy of advanced melanoma, particularly in the era of immune checkpoint blockade therapy, and review future opportunities for improvement of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Dafni
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - O Michielin
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Martin Lluesma
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Z Tsourti
- Scientific Research Consulting Hellas, Statistics Center, Athens
| | - V Polydoropoulou
- Scientific Research Consulting Hellas, Statistics Center, Athens
| | - D Karlis
- Department of Statistics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece
| | - M J Besser
- Ella Institute for the Treatment and Research of Melanoma and Skin Cancer, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J Haanen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I-M Svane
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - P S Ohashi
- Department of Immunology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - U S Kammula
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh
| | - A Orcurto
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Zimmermann
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Trueb
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C A Klebanoff
- Center for Cell Engineering and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - M T Lotze
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - L E Kandalaft
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Coukos
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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486
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Bonacina F, Pirillo A, Catapano AL, Norata GD. Cholesterol membrane content has a ubiquitous evolutionary function in immune cell activation: the role of HDL. Curr Opin Lipidol 2019; 30:462-469. [PMID: 31577612 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cellular cholesterol content influences the structure and function of lipid rafts, plasma membrane microdomains essential for cell signaling and activation. HDL modulate cellular cholesterol efflux, thus limiting cholesterol accumulation and controlling immune cell activation. Aim of this review is to discuss the link between HDL and cellular cholesterol metabolism in immune cells and the therapeutic potential of targeting cholesterol removal from cell membranes. RECENT FINDINGS The inverse relationship between HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease has been recently challenged by observations linking elevated levels of HDL-C with increased risk of all-cause mortality, infections and autoimmune diseases, paralleled by the failure of clinical trials with HDL-C-raising therapies. These findings suggest that improving HDL function might be more important than merely raising HDL-C levels. New approaches aimed at increasing the ability of HDL to remove cellular cholesterol have been assessed for their effect on immune cells, and the results have suggested that this could be a new effective approach. SUMMARY Cholesterol removal from plasma membrane by different means affects the activity of immune cells, suggesting that approaches aimed at increasing the ability of HDL to mobilize cholesterol from cells would represent the next step in HDL biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan
| | - Angela Pirillo
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital
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487
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Gilson RC, Gunasinghe SD, Johannes L, Gaus K. Galectin-3 modulation of T-cell activation: mechanisms of membrane remodelling. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 76:101010. [PMID: 31682868 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal3) is a multifaceted protein which belongs to a family of lectins and binds β-galactosides. Gal3 expression is altered in many types of cancer, with increased expression generally associated with poor prognosis. Although the mechanisms remain unknown, Gal3 has been implicated in several biological processes involved in cancer progression, including suppression of T cell-mediated immune responses. Extracellular Gal3 binding to the plasma membrane of T cells alters membrane organization and the formation of an immunological synapse. Its multivalent capacity allows Gal3 to interact specifically with different membrane proteins and lipids, influencing endocytosis, trafficking and T cell receptor signalling. The ability of Gal3 to inhibit T cell responses may provide a mechanism by which Gal3 aids in cancer progression. In this review, we seek to give an overview of the mechanisms by which Gal3 alters the spatial organization of cell membranes and how these processes impact on T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Gilson
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Sachith D Gunasinghe
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology unit, UMR3666, CNRS, U1143, INSERM, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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488
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Pan J, Zhang Q, Palen K, Wang L, Qiao L, Johnson B, Sei S, Shoemaker RH, Lubet RA, Wang Y, You M. Potentiation of Kras peptide cancer vaccine by avasimibe, a cholesterol modulator. EBioMedicine 2019; 49:72-81. [PMID: 31680003 PMCID: PMC6945201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background No effective approaches to target mutant Kras have yet been developed. Immunoprevention using KRAS-specific antigenic peptides to trigger T cells capable of targeting tumor cells relies heavily on lipid metabolism. To facilitate better TCR/peptide/MHC interactions that result in better cancer preventive efficacy, we combined KVax with avasimibe, a specific ACAT1 inhibitor, tested their anti-cancer efficacy in mouse lung cancer models, where Kras mutation was induced before vaccination. Methods Control of tumor growth utilizing a multi-peptide Kras vaccine was tested in combination with avasimibe in a syngeneic lung cancer mouse model and a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM). Activation of immune responses after administration of Kras vaccine and avasimibe was also assessed by flow cytometry, ELISpot and IHC. Findings We found that Kras vaccine combined with avasimibe significantly decreased the presence of regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment and facilitated CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumor sites. Avasimibe also enhanced the efficacy of Kras vaccines target mutant Kras. Whereas the Kras vaccine significantly increased antigen-specific intracellular IFN-γ and granzyme B levels in CD8+ T cells, avasimibe significantly increased the number of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Additionally, modulation of cholesterol metabolism was found to specifically impact in T cells, and not in cancer cells. Interpretation Avasimibe complements the efficacy of a multi-peptide Kras vaccine in controlling lung cancer development and growth. This treatment regimen represents a novel immunoprevention approach to prevent lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Center for Disease Prevention Research and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Center for Disease Prevention Research and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Katie Palen
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lifen Qiao
- Center for Disease Prevention Research and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Bryon Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shizuko Sei
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert H Shoemaker
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald A Lubet
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yian Wang
- Center for Disease Prevention Research and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ming You
- Center for Disease Prevention Research and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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489
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Patel D, Ahmad F, Kambach DM, Sun Q, Halim AS, Kramp T, Camphausen KA, Stommel JM. LXRβ controls glioblastoma cell growth, lipid balance, and immune modulation independently of ABCA1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15458. [PMID: 31664073 PMCID: PMC6820787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a critical component of membranes and a precursor for hormones and other signaling molecules. Previously, we showed that unlike astrocytes, glioblastoma cells do not downregulate cholesterol synthesis when plated at high density. In this report, we show that high cell density induces ABCA1 expression in glioblastoma cells, enabling them to get rid of excess cholesterol generated by an activated cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Because oxysterols are agonists for Liver X Receptors (LXRs), we investigated whether increased cholesterol activates LXRs to maintain cholesterol homeostasis in highly-dense glioblastoma cells. We observed that dense cells had increased oxysterols, which activated LXRβ to upregulate ABCA1. Cells with CRISPR-mediated knockdown of LXRβ, but not ABCA1, had decreased cell cycle progression and cell survival, and decreased feedback repression of the mevalonate pathway in densely-plated glioma cells. LXRβ gene expression poorly correlates with ABCA1 in glioblastoma patients, and expression of each gene correlates with poor patient prognosis in different prognostic subtypes. Finally, gene expression and lipidomics analyses cells revealed that LXRβ regulates the expression of immune response gene sets and lipids known to be involved in immune modulation. Thus, therapeutic targeting of LXRβ in glioblastoma might be effective through diverse mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deven Patel
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Fahim Ahmad
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Diane M Kambach
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Qian Sun
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alan S Halim
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tamalee Kramp
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kevin A Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jayne M Stommel
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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490
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Lei J, Wang H, Zhu D, Wan Y, Yin L. Combined effects of avasimibe immunotherapy, doxorubicin chemotherapy, and metal-organic frameworks nanoparticles on breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4814-4823. [PMID: 31663620 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play a vital role in cancer immunotherapy and can be shaped by metabolism. Avasimibe is an acyl coenzyme A-cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor, which has been clinically verified safe in other phase Ⅲ clinical trials. It can potentiate the killing function of CD8+ T cells by modulating cholesterol metabolism. Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anticancer drug widely used in many cancers to induce tumor cell apoptosis. Unfortunately, DOX also can induce toxic and side effects in many organs, compromising its usage and efficacy. Herein, we report the combinational usage of avasimibe and a safe pH sensitive nano-drug delivery system composing of DOX and metal-organic frameworks nanoparticles (MNPs). Our findings demonstrated that DOX-MNPs treatment inhibited tumor growth with good safety profile and avasimibe treatment combined DOX-MNPs treatment exhibited a better efficacy than monotherapies in 4T1 breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Daoming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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491
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Pilipow K, Scamardella E, Lugli E. Generating stem-like memory T cells with antioxidants for adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy of cancer. Methods Enzymol 2019; 631:137-158. [PMID: 31948545 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Among the multiple factors that are responsible for the success of adoptive cell transfer (ACT) immunotherapy for cancer, the differentiation status of the in vitro expanded T cell product at the time of transfer seems to play a major role. In particular, less differentiated memory CD8+ T cells endowed with self-renewing capacity and multipotency exert the most potent antitumor activity. To this aim, expansion protocols that generate sufficient numbers of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells with superior capacity to persist in vivo following ACT are needed. We describe a procedure for the differentiation of TCF-1+ stem-like CD8+ memory T cells from peripheral blood naïve precursors that takes advantage of the use of antioxidants, in particular N-acetylcysteine (NAC), in combination with T cell receptor stimulation and proinflammatory cytokines. We additionally describe how to conduct in vitro assays to test the stem-like features of the generated cells at the phenotypic, functional and metabolic level. Balancing the oxidative metabolism by the addition of antioxidants during in vitro manipulation of CD8+ T cells results in the generation of cell products with potent antitumor characteristics following ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pilipow
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eloise Scamardella
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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492
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Börtlein C, Schumacher F, Kleuser B, Dölken L, Avota E. Role of Neutral Sphingomyelinase-2 (NSM 2) in the Control of T Cell Plasma Membrane Lipid Composition and Cholesterol Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:226. [PMID: 31681760 PMCID: PMC6803391 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (NSM2) to catalyze the conversion of sphingomyelin (SM) to ceramide and phosphocholine at the cytosolic leaflet of plasma membrane (PM) is important in T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. We recently identified PKCζ as a major NSM2 downstream effector which regulates microtubular polarization. It remained, however, unclear to what extent NSM2 activity affected overall composition of PM lipids and downstream effector lipids in antigen stimulated T cells. Here, we provide a detailed lipidomics analyses on PM fractions isolated from TCR stimulated wild type and NSM2 deficient (ΔNSM) Jurkat T cells. This revealed that in addition to that of sphingolipids, NSM2 depletion also affected concentrations of many other lipids. In particular, NSM2 ablation resulted in increase of lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) which both govern PM biophysical properties. Crucially, TCR dependent upregulation of the important T cell signaling lipid diacylglycerol (DAG), which is fundamental for activation of conventional and novel PKCs, was abolished in ΔNSM cells. Moreover, NSM2 activity was found to play an important role in PM cholesterol transport to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and production of cholesteryl esters (CE) there. Most importantly, CE accumulation was essential to sustain human T cell proliferation. Accordingly, inhibition of CE generating enzymes, the cholesterol acetyltransferases ACAT1/SOAT1 and ACAT2/SOAT2, impaired TCR driven expansion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In summary, our study reveals an important role of NSM2 in regulating T cell functions by its multiple effects on PM lipids and cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Börtlein
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Lars Dölken
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elita Avota
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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493
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Controlling Nutritional Status score: A new prognostic indicator for patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 2019; 43:461-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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494
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Kamoshita S, Murata M, Koyama D, Julamanee J, Okuno S, Takagi E, Miyao K, Goto T, Ozawa Y, Miyamura K, Terakura S, Nishida T, Kiyoi H. Donor single nucleotide polymorphism in ACAT1 affects the incidence of graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation. Int J Hematol 2019; 111:112-119. [PMID: 31559562 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) is an enzyme that converts cholesterol to cholesteryl esters. A recent in vivo study reported that inhibiting ACAT1 enzyme activity upregulates the membrane cholesterol levels of T cells, enhancing their cytotoxic function. In the present study, we investigated whether the presence of the ACAT1 single nucleotide polymorphism rs11545566 in transplant donors affected the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in 116 adult patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation from human leukocyte antigen-identical sibling donors, and who received GVHD prophylaxis with short-term methotrexate and cyclosporine. The frequencies of the AA, AG, and GG genotypes in the donors were 31%, 45%, and 24%, respectively. The cumulative incidences of grade II-IV acute GVHD on day 100 in patients whose donors had AA vs. non-AA genotypes were 6% and 18%, respectively, and those of extensive chronic GVHD at 2 years were 7% and 32%, respectively. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that donor rs11545566 non-AA genotypes showed a trend toward a higher incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD (P = 0.079), and were significantly associated with a higher incidence of extensive chronic GVHD (P = 0.021). These results suggest that donor ACAT1 rs11545566 genotype may be predictive of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonoko Kamoshita
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Makoto Murata
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Koyama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Jakrawadee Julamanee
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shingo Okuno
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Erina Takagi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kotaro Miyao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Goto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukiyasu Ozawa
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi Miyamura
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seitaro Terakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nishida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kiyoi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
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495
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Yin Z, Bai L, Li W, Zeng T, Tian H, Cui J. Targeting T cell metabolism in the tumor microenvironment: an anti-cancer therapeutic strategy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:403. [PMID: 31519198 PMCID: PMC6743108 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
T cells play important roles in anti-tumor immunity. Emerging evidence has revealed that distinct metabolic changes impact the activation and differentiation of T cells. Tailoring immune responses by manipulating cellular metabolic pathways and the identification of new targets may provide new options for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the metabolic reprogramming of different subtypes of T cells and T cell functions. We summarize how metabolic pathways accurately regulate T cell development, differentiation, and function in the tumor microenvironment. Because of the similar metabolism in activated T cells and tumor cells, we also describe the effect of the tumor microenvironment on T cell metabolism reprogramming, which may provide strategies for maximal anti-cancer effects and enhancing the immunity of T cells. Thus, studies of T lymphocyte metabolism can not only facilitate the basic research of immune metabolism, but also provide potential targets for drug development and new strategies for clinical treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Yin
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Ling Bai
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Tanlun Zeng
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Huimin Tian
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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496
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SCP2-mediated cholesterol membrane trafficking promotes the growth of pituitary adenomas via Hedgehog signaling activation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:404. [PMID: 31519191 PMCID: PMC6743201 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Metabolic reprogramming is an important characteristic of tumors. In the progression of pituitary adenomas (PA), abnormal glucose metabolism has been confirmed by us before. However, whether cholesterol metabolism is involved in the process of PA remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether abnormal cholesterol metabolism could affect the progression of PA. Methods We analyzed the expression of sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) in 40 surgical PA samples. In vitro experiments and xenograft models were used to assess the effects of SCP2 and cholesterol on proliferation of PA. The incidence of hypercholesterolemia between 140 PA patients and 100 heathy controls were compared. Results We found an upregulation of SCP2 in PA samples, especially in tumors with high proliferation index. Forced expression of SCP2 promoted PA cell lines proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, SCP2 regulated cholesterol trafficking from cytoplasm to membrane in GH3 cells, and extracellularly treating GH3 cells and primary PA cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin/cholesterol complex to mimic membrane cholesterol concentration enhanced cell proliferation, which suggested a proliferative effect of cholesterol. Mechanistically, cholesterol induced activation of PKA/SUFU/GLI1 signaling via smoothened receptor, which was well-known as Hedgehog signaling, resulting in inhibiting apoptosis and promoting cell cycle. Accordingly, activation of Hedgehog signaling was also confirmed in primary PA cells and surgical PA samples. In vivo, SCP2 overexpression and high cholesterol diet could promote tumor growth. Intriguingly, the incidence of hypercholesterolemia was significantly higher in PA patients than healthy controls. Conclusions Our data indicated that dysregulated cholesterol metabolism could promote PA growth by activating Hedgehog signaling, supporting a potential tumorigenic role of cholesterol metabolism in PA progression.
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497
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Cholesterol Esterification Enzyme Inhibition Enhances Antitumor Effects of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptors Modified T Cells. J Immunother 2019; 41:45-52. [PMID: 29252915 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell (CART) therapy has been demonstrated to have significant effect on hematologic tumor in patients. However, many persistent obstacles and challenges still limit the application. It is known that CD8 T cells are a key component of antitumor immunity. An avasimibe-induced inhibition of cholesterol esterification has been shown to improve the antitumor response of CD8 T cells in mice. In this study, using human CD19-directed CART cells as effector cells and CD19-overexpressing K562 cells as target cells, we detected whether cholesterol acyltransferase inhibition by avasimibe can enhance the antitumor effect of human CART cells. After avasimibe treatment, the infection rate was dropped by up to 50% (P<0.05). The cytotoxic effect of CART cells was significantly increased than the control group in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the level of secreted interferon-γ increased in almost half of the cases (P<0.05); the ratio of CD8CD4 T cells was increased among the total T cells and the CART cells in some of cases (P<0.05). Our study suggests that inhibition of cholesterol acyltransferase can promote the antitumor effect of CART cells, and provides a new option for a combination therapy by regulating T-cell metabolism to enhance antitumor effects.
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498
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Feng Z, Yang R, Wu L, Tang S, Wei B, Guo L, He L, Feng Y. Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharides regulate the innate immunity of colorectal cancer cells by modulating the TLR4 signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7111-7121. [PMID: 31564895 PMCID: PMC6733773 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s219623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been well-recognized that the polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephala (PAM) are immune system enhancers, which can facilitate the proliferation of lymphocytes and stimulate immune cells. Nevertheless, the antitumor effects of PAM and their molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Aim Our research aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of PAM on colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods We tested the effects of PAM on the growth and proliferation of CRC cells and macrophages by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and secretion was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA assay. We also used MC38 cells xenograft model to test the anti-cancer effects of PAM in vivo. Results We found that although PAM treatment did not significantly affect the growth of CRC cells or enhance the proliferation of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), it could enhance the phagocytosis of BMDMs by CRC cells. Biochemical tests and immunoblotting assays revealed that exposing BMDMs to PAM promoted the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon λ (IFN λ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) through the MyD88/TLR4-dependent signaling pathway. One noteworthy observation is that PAM treatment could significantly prevent tumorigenesis of MC38 cells in C57BL/6J mice and increase the survival duration of mice with tumors, without influence on the weight of those mice. However, the anti-cancer effects of PAM were compromised in TLR4 KO mice, further suggesting that TLR4 signaling plays a vital role in the anti-cancer effects of PAM. Conclusion Therefore, PAM may prove to be a potential candidate in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifang Feng
- Department of Laboratory, Xingyi City People's Hospital, Xingyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruibin Yang
- Department of Laboratory, Xingyi City People's Hospital, Xingyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liusong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Tang
- Department of Laboratory, Xingyi City People's Hospital, Xingyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Laboratory, Xingyi City People's Hospital, Xingyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Laboratory, Xingyi City People's Hospital, Xingyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Laboratory, Xingyi City People's Hospital, Xingyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghuai Feng
- Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
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499
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Riera-Domingo C, Audigé A, Granja S, Cheng WC, Ho PC, Baltazar F, Stockmann C, Mazzone M. Immunity, Hypoxia, and Metabolism-the Ménage à Trois of Cancer: Implications for Immunotherapy. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:1-102. [PMID: 31414610 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that metabolism is able to shape the immune response. Only recently we are gaining awareness that the metabolic crosstalk between different tumor compartments strongly contributes to the harsh tumor microenvironment (TME) and ultimately impairs immune cell fitness and effector functions. The major aims of this review are to provide an overview on the immune system in cancer; to position oxygen shortage and metabolic competition as the ground of a restrictive TME and as important players in the anti-tumor immune response; to define how immunotherapies affect hypoxia/oxygen delivery and the metabolic landscape of the tumor; and vice versa, how oxygen and metabolites within the TME impinge on the success of immunotherapies. By analyzing preclinical and clinical endeavors, we will discuss how a metabolic characterization of the TME can identify novel targets and signatures that could be exploited in combination with standard immunotherapies and can help to predict the benefit of new and traditional immunotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Riera-Domingo
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Annette Audigé
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sara Granja
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Wan-Chen Cheng
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Christian Stockmann
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
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500
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Metabolic coordination of T cell quiescence and activation. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 20:55-70. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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