501
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Emotional and behavioural problems amongst Afghan unaccompanied asylum-seeking children: results from a large-scale cross-sectional study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013; 22:285-94. [PMID: 23229138 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-012-0344-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Unaccompanied asylum-seeking children (UASC) are considered at high risk for mental health problems, yet few studies focus on single ethnic populations. This study presents results from the largest Afghan UASC mental health survey in the U.K. Specifically, the study aims to estimate the prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems and to investigate the associations of these problems with demographic variables, cumulative traumatic events, and care and migration variables. A census sample of 222 Afghan UASC was interviewed using validated self-report screening measures. Emotional and behavioural problems were screened using the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist 37A (HSCL-37A). Pre-migration stressful life events were screened using the Stressful Life Events Questionnaire. Administrative data on care and asylum were provided by the local authority social services and the UK Border Agency. Approximately one-third (31.4%) scored above cut-offs for emotional and behavioural problems, 34.6% for anxiety and 23.4% for depression. Ordinary least squares regression indicated a significant dose-response relationship between total pre-migration traumatic events and distress as well as between increased time in the country and greater behavioural problems. Compound traumatic events in the pre-migration stages of forced migration have a deleterious association with UASC well-being. Increased time in country suggests a possible peer effect for these children. Consistent with other studies on refugee children, it should be stressed that the majority of UASC scored below suggested cut-offs, thus displaying a marked resilience despite the experience of adverse events.
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502
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King RB, Gaerlan MJM. High self-control predicts more positive emotions, better engagement, and higher achievement in school. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10212-013-0188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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503
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Norheim AB, Grimholt TK, Ekeberg Ø. Attitudes towards suicidal behaviour in outpatient clinics among mental health professionals in Oslo. BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13:90. [PMID: 23510325 PMCID: PMC3608315 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-13-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate attitudes of professionals working in mental health care outpatient clinics in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CAP) (for children and adolescents aged 0-18 years) and District Psychiatric Centres (DPC) (for adults aged 18-67 years). METHODS Professionals in four outpatient units in Oslo were enrolled (n = 229: 77%). The Understanding of Suicidal Patient scale (USP) (11 = positive to 55 = negative) and Attitudes Towards Suicide questionnaire (ATTS) (1 = totally disagree to 5 = totally agree) were used to assess professionals' attitudes. Questions explored competence, religion, experiences of and views on suicidal behaviour and its treatment. RESULTS All the professionals indicated positive attitudes (USP 18.7) and endorsed the view that suicide was preventable (ATTS 4.3). Professionals who had received supervision or were specialists had attitudes that were more positive. Professionals in CAP were less satisfied with available treatment. Psychiatric disorders were considered the most common cause of suicidal behaviour, and psychotherapy the most appropriate form of treatment. The professionals confirmed that patients with other disorders of comparable severity are followed up more systematically. CONCLUSIONS The professionals showed positive attitudes with minor differences between CAP and DPC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tine Kristin Grimholt
- Regional Centre of Violence Traumatic stress and suicide Prevention Eastern Norway, Gaustad, Oslo University Hospital, Gaustad 0514, Oslo,Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Postboks 4956, Nydalen 0424, Oslo
| | - Øivind Ekeberg
- Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Postboks 4956, Nydalen 0424, Oslo
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504
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Tseng CM. Operating styles, working time and daily driving distance in relation to a taxi driver's speeding offenses in Taiwan. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2013; 52:1-8. [PMID: 23298703 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the determinant factors of taxi drivers' speeding violations in Taiwan. Data were gathered from a nation wide survey and included 6923 professional taxi drivers in 2006. The results indicated that 96.6% were males and 92.5% had less than a college level education. Daily working hours were from 2.5 h to 15 h with a mean of 10.12 h. The data also indicated that taxi drivers worked approximately 27.35 days and only took 2.65 days rest per month. Of the observed taxi drivers, 25.6% reported at least one speeding violation in a one-year period. The results of a generalized linear model (GLM) revealed that the determinant factors associating with a taxi driver's speeding violation were not related to gender or educational level. However, age, job experience, operating styles, kilometers driven daily, driving late at night, and monthly off duty days were significantly associated with committing the speeding violations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ming Tseng
- Ministry of Transportation and Communications, 6 Shengfu Road, Chung-Shin Village, Nantou City 54045, Taiwan, ROC.
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505
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Beehler GP, Funderburk JS, Possemato K, Vair CL. Developing a measure of provider adherence to improve the implementation of behavioral health services in primary care: a Delphi study. Implement Sci 2013; 8:19. [PMID: 23406425 PMCID: PMC3640894 DOI: 10.1186/1748-5908-8-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integration of behavioral health services into primary care is increasingly popular, yet fidelity of implementation in this area has been infrequently assessed due to the few measurement tools available. A sentinel indicator of fidelity of implementation is provider adherence, or utilization of prescribed procedures and engagement in model-specific behaviors. This study aimed to develop the first self-report measure of behavioral health provider adherence for co-located, collaborative care, a commonly adopted model of behavioral health service delivery in primary care. METHODS A preliminary 56-item measure was developed by the research team to represent critical components of adherence among behavioral health providers. To ensure the content validity of the measure, a modified Delphi study was conducted using a panel of co-located, collaborative care model experts. During three rounds of emailed surveys, panel members provided qualitative feedback regarding item content while rating each item's relevance for behavioral health provider practice. Items with consensus ratings of 80% or greater were included in the final adherence measure. RESULTS The panel consisted of 25 experts representing the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Department of Defense, and academic and community health centers (total study response rate of 76%). During the Delphi process, two new items were added to the measure, four items were eliminated, and a high level of consensus was achieved on the remaining 54 items. Experts identified 38 items essential for model adherence, six items compatible (although not essential) for model adherence, and 10 items that represented prohibited behaviors. Item content addressed several domains, but primarily focused on behaviors related to employing a time-limited, brief treatment model, the scope of patient concerns addressed, and interventions used by providers. CONCLUSIONS This study yielded the first content valid self-report measure of critical components of collaborative care adherence for use by behavioral health providers in primary care. Although additional psychometric evaluation is necessary, this measure may assist implementation researchers in clarifying how provider behaviors contribute to clinical outcomes. This measure may also assist clinical stakeholders in monitoring implementation and identifying ways to support frontline providers in delivering high quality services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P Beehler
- VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, VA WNY Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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506
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Fisher TD. Gender Roles and Pressure to be Truthful: The Bogus Pipeline Modifies Gender Differences in Sexual but Not Non-sexual Behavior. SEX ROLES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-013-0266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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507
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Chang WJA, Wang YS, Huang TC. Work Design-Related Antecedents of Turnover Intention: A Multilevel Approach. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/hrm.21515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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508
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Pryce H, Gooberman-Hill R. Foundations of an intervention package to improve communication in residential care settings: A mixed methods study. HEARING BALANCE AND COMMUNICATION 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/21695717.2012.756224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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509
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Goessaert AS, Antoons S, Van Den Driessche M, Tourchi A, Pieters R, Everaert K. No-touch intermittent catheterization: caregiver point of view on sterility errors, duration, comfort and costs. J Adv Nurs 2012; 69:2000-7. [PMID: 23278907 DOI: 10.1111/jan.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine which method of intermittent urinary catheterization, sterile with a catheterization-set or the no-touch method, offers the most advantages for caregivers in a hospital setting BACKGROUND The no-touch catheter is assumed to decrease the risk for infection and increase the comfort for caregivers due to its construction, however, evidence is lacking DESIGN A cross-over experimental study was carried out from October until December 2009, 100 nurses and 71 nursing students participated. METHOD Every participant had to catheterize as well according to the no-touch method as to the standard intermittent catheterization method. A randomization programme determined whether the subjects had to catheterize a male or female simulation model. FINDINGS Multiple regression analysis shows that nurses and nursing students appear to make on average two more errors with the sterile intermittent catheterization method with set than with the no-touch method. The duration of the no-touch method is 92 seconds less than the classical catheterization method. On a scale with 10 points for comfort, the classical sterile method with set scored on average two points lower than the no-touch method, as well for the nurses as for the students. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the classical method, both students and nurses spend less time on performing the no-touch method, less sterility errors are made and a higher score is assigned to the no-touch method. Also classical catheterization of men implies higher costs compared with the no-touch method. No-touch intermittent catheterization is thus expected to be preferred above the gold standard catheterization method.
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510
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Mutz R, Bornmann L, Daniel HD. Types of research output profiles: A multilevel latent class analysis of the Austrian Science Fund's final project report data. RESEARCH EVALUATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/reseval/rvs038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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511
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Reif SS, Pence BW, LeGrand S, Wilson ES, Swartz M, Ellington T, Whetten K. In-home mental health treatment for individuals with HIV. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2012; 26:655-61. [PMID: 23050767 PMCID: PMC3495109 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2012.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health problems are highly prevalent among individuals with HIV and are consistently associated with negative health outcomes. However, mental illness often remains untreated due to significant psychosocial and physical barriers to treatment participation. The Collaborative HIV/AIDS Mental Health Program (CHAMP) assessed the outcomes associated with providing 9 months of in-home mental health counseling for 40 individuals with HIV and a Major Axis I mental disorder. The evidence-based Illness Management and Recovery Model was adapted for use with HIV-positive individuals for the study using a community-based participatory research approach. Study participants were surveyed at baseline, 5 and 9 months to assess for changes in health outcomes. Thirty-five percent of study participants were female, 80% African American, 33% self-identified as MSM and the average participant age was 43. Forty percent of participants were on psychotropic medication at baseline. Participants had an average of 8 counseling visits (median 9). Statistically significant decreases in the global Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) score and a number of BSI symptoms dimensions including anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive, phobic anxiety and hostility were detected, indicating a reduction of psychiatric symptoms. Statistically significant improvement was also identified for the SF-12 mental health scale, adaptive coping, overall social support and emotional support. No differences in psychiatric outcomes were identified by gender, race/ethnicity, or sexual preference. Findings from the CHAMP Study suggest that the use of in-home mental health treatment may be beneficial in engaging and treating HIV-positive individuals with comorbid mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S Reif
- Center for Health Policy and Inequalities Research, Duke University, Charlotte, North Carolina 28207, USA.
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512
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Macdiarmid J, Blundell J. Assessing dietary intake: Who, what and why of under-reporting. Nutr Res Rev 2012; 11:231-53. [PMID: 19094249 DOI: 10.1079/nrr19980017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Under-reporting of food intake is one of the fundamental obstacles preventing the collection of accurate habitual dietary intake data. The prevalence of under-reporting in large nutritional surveys ranges from 18 to 54% of the whole sample, but can be as high as 70% in particular subgroups. This wide variation between studies is partly due to different criteria used to identify under-reporters and also to non-uniformity of under-reporting across populations. The most consistent differences found are between men and women and between groups differing in body mass index. Women are more likely to under-report than men, and under-reporting is more common among overweight and obese individuals. Other associated characteristics, for which there is less consistent evidence, include age, smoking habits, level of education, social class, physical activity and dietary restraint. Determining whether under-reporting is specific to macronutrients or food is problematic, as most methods identify only low energy intakes. Studies that have attempted to measure under-reporting specific to macronutrients express nutrients as percentage of energy and have tended to find carbohydrate under-reported and protein over-reported. However, care must be taken when interpreting these results, especially when data are expressed as percentages. A logical conclusion is that food items with a negative health image (e.g. cakes, sweets, confectionery) are more likely to be under-reported, whereas those with a positive health image are more likely to be over-reported (e.g. fruits and vegetables). This also suggests that dietary fat is likely to be under-reported. However, it is necessary to distinguish between under-reporting and genuine under-eating for the duration of data collection. The key to understanding this problem, but one that has been widely neglected, concerns the processes that cause people to under-report their food intakes. The little work that has been done has simply confirmed the complexity of this issue. The importance of obtaining accurate estimates of habitual dietary intakes so as to assess health correlates of food consumption can be contrasted with the poor quality of data collected. This phenomenon should be considered a priority research area. Moreover, misreporting is not simply a nutritionist's problem, but requires a multidisciplinary approach (including psychology, sociology and physiology) to advance the understanding of under-reporting in dietary intake studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Macdiarmid
- Bio Psychology Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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513
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Social support, hopelessness and life satisfaction among Roma and non-Roma adolescents in Slovakia. Int J Public Health 2012; 57:905-13. [PMID: 23052249 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-012-0413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence on the psychosocial determinants of health among Roma adolescents is completely lacking. Our aim was to compare social support, life satisfaction and hopelessness of Slovak Roma and non-Roma adolescents and to assess the impact of parental education and social desirability on these differences. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among Roma from settlements in the eastern part of Slovakia (N = 330; mean age = 14.50; interview) and non-Roma adolescents (N = 722; mean age = 14.86; questionnaire). The effect of ethnicity on social support, life satisfaction and hopelessness was analysed using linear regression, adjusted for gender, parental education and social desirability. RESULTS Roma adolescents reported higher social support from parents, higher life satisfaction and higher hopelessness rates. Parental education explained part of the ethnic differences, as did social desirability. After adjustment for the aforementioned factors, differences by ethnicity remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Roma adolescents experience higher levels of social support, life satisfaction and hopelessness than non-Roma adolescents. Reduction of hopelessness feelings while maintaining levels of social support and life satisfaction among Roma adolescents should be a topic for both intervention and further research.
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514
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Hardy LL, Grunseit A, Khambalia A, Bell C, Wolfenden L, Milat AJ. Co-occurrence of obesogenic risk factors among adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2012; 51:265-71. [PMID: 22921137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, sociodemographic distribution, and co-occurrence of five potentially obesogenic behavioral risk factors (low physical activity, high screen time, low fruit and vegetable intake, high soft drink consumption, and high snack intake) among adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional representative population survey (n = 1,568) of grade 6, 8, and 10 students (49% male) randomly selected from 70 primary and secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia, between February and May 2007. Co-occurrence was assessed using an observed-to-expected ratio (O/E) method. RESULTS Only 5% of boys and 9% of girls had none of the five obesogenic behavioral risk factors studied. Overall, 51.4% of boys and 42.9% of girls had three or more risk factors. Prevalence of multiple risk factors (3+) was higher among boys and girls from lower income households and among girls whose mothers had less than grade 12 education. For both boys and girls, the occurrence of all five risk factors was 160% greater than expected (O/E ratio: 2.6). CONCLUSIONS There was clear evidence of a co-occurrence of obesogenic risk factors among adolescents, especially among those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, indicating this group would benefit from targeted prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise L Hardy
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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515
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O'Connor DA, Rossiter S, Yücel M, Lubman DI, Hester R. Successful inhibitory control over an immediate reward is associated with attentional disengagement in visual processing areas. Neuroimage 2012; 62:1841-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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516
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Papagiannakis G, Lioukas S. Values, attitudes and perceptions of managers as predictors of corporate environmental responsiveness. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 100:41-51. [PMID: 22361109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We examine whether managers' values, attitudes, and perceptions influence the greening of organizations. To that purpose, we specify and test a model of corporate environmental responsiveness (CER), drawing upon a modified version of the theory of planned behavior and the value-belief-norm theory. Based on survey data from 142 Greek companies, we find that top managers' personal values influence responses indirectly, through shaping their environmental attitudes, while direct relationship is not significant. Subjective norms, expressing stakeholder expectations, do affect CER, with their effect being stronger than that of attitudes. Managers' perceived ability to handle environmental issues also appears to influence responses. Results have theoretical implications, indicating the significant role of managers' values, attitudes and perceptions in a firm's environmental response. Practical implications are discussed in relation to selection of managers and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos Papagiannakis
- Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of Management Science and Technology, Patission 76, Athens 10434, Greece.
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517
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The Gender Pay Gap: Challenging the Rationalizations. Perceived Equity, Discrimination, and the Limits of Human Capital Models. SEX ROLES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-012-0165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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518
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Kohatsu EL, Dulay M, Lam C, Concepcion W, Perez P, Lopez C, Euler J. Using Racial Identity Theory to Explore Racial Mistrust and Interracial Contact Among Asian Americans. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb01915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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519
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Puente M, Darnall N, Forkner RE. Assessing integrated pest management adoption: measurement problems and policy implications. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2011; 48:1013-1023. [PMID: 21858712 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-011-9737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
For more than a decade, the U.S. government has promoted integrated pest management (IPM) to advance sustainable agriculture. However, the usefulness of this practice has been questioned because of lagging implementation. There are at least two plausible rationales for the slow implementation: (1) growers are not adopting IPM-for whatever reason-and (2) current assessment methods are inadequate at assessing IPM implementation. Our research addresses the second plausibility. We suggest that the traditional approach to measuring IPM implementation on its own fails to assess the distinct, biologically hierarchical components of IPM, and instead aggregates growers' management practices into an overall adoption score. Knowledge of these distinct components and the extent to which they are implemented can inform government officials as to how they should develop targeted assistance programs to encourage broader IPM use. We address these concerns by assessing the components of IPM adoption and comparing our method to the traditional approach alone. Our results indicate that there are four distinct components of adoption-weed, insect, general, and ecosystem management-and that growers implement the first two components significantly more often than the latter two. These findings suggest that using a more nuanced measure to assess IPM adoption that expands on the traditional approach, allows for a better understanding of the degree of IPM implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Puente
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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520
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Chen AMH, Plake KS, Yehle KS, Kiersma ME. Impact of the geriatric medication game on pharmacy students' attitudes toward older adults. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2011; 75:158. [PMID: 22102748 PMCID: PMC3220339 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe758158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of participation in the Geriatric Medication Game on pharmacy students' perceptions of and attitudes toward older adults and familiarity with common disabilities that affect them and the process of seeking health care. DESIGN In the game, first-year pharmacy students "became" older adults during a 3-hour pharmacy practice laboratory. They were given aging-related challenges (eg, impaired vision or mobility) and participated as patients in simulated healthcare scenarios, such as a visit to a physician's office and a pharmacy. ASSESSMENT After playing the game, students completed a 5-question reflection about their experiences and attitudes toward older adults. Content analysis was performed to identify themes from 4 years of student (n = 625) reflections. Predominant themes included: improved attitudes toward older adults, better understanding of patient experiences, and increased willingness to provide assistance. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating the Geriatric Medication Game into the pharmacy curriculum may facilitate students' understanding of the challenges that older adults face and improve future interactions.
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521
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Phillips LA, Chapman GB. Consistent behavior development: is a personal-rule or a deliberation-based strategy more effective? The Journal of General Psychology 2011; 138:243-59. [PMID: 24836564 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2011.592872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of consistent health behaviors is important for chronic illness prevention and management. The current study experimentally compared two strategies--a personal-rule and a deliberation strategy--designed to help participants consistently perform their intended behaviors over a 7-week period in a real-world setting. Although the personal-rule strategy had theoretical support from behavioral economics and empirical support from both animal and human lab experiments, the deliberation strategy group was significantly more successful than the personal-rule strategy group, both initially (time to first violation, p < .01, Cohen's d = .51) and over the entire 7-week period (overall success, p < .05, Cohen's d = .18). These effects were significant even after controlling for known predictors of behavioral success, including individual-difference variables, person-behavior factors, and resolution-related factors.
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522
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Redelmeier DA, Dickinson VM. Determining whether a patient is feeling better: pitfalls from the science of human perception. J Gen Intern Med 2011; 26:900-6. [PMID: 21336670 PMCID: PMC3138972 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-011-1655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human perception is fallible and may lead patients to be inaccurate when judging whether their symptoms are improving with treatment. This article provides a narrative review of studies in psychology that describe misconceptions related to a patient's comprehension, recall, evaluation and expression. The specific misconceptions include the power of suggestion (placebo effects), desire for peace-of-mind (cognitive dissonance reduction), inconsistent standards (loss aversion), a flawed sense of time (duration neglect), limited perception (measurement error), declining sensitivity (Weber's law), an eagerness to please (social desirability bias), and subtle affirmation (personal control). An awareness of specific pitfalls might help clinicians avoid some mistakes when providing follow-up and interpreting changes in patient symptoms.
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523
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RAMÍREZ CLAUDIAZILLI, VERKUYTEN MAYKEL. Values, Media Framing, and Political Tolerance for Extremist Groups. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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524
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Leddy M, Haaga D, Gray J, Schulkin J. Postpartum mental health screening and diagnosis by obstetrician-gynecologists. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2011; 32:27-34. [PMID: 21261561 DOI: 10.3109/0167482x.2010.547639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) and postpartum psychosis (PPP) can impact mother, infant, and family. Obstetrician-gynecologists (ob-gyns) are often the most frequent medical contact for postpartum women, and so are in a position to identify women needing psychological care. This study assessed ob-gyns' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding diagnosing PPD/PPP. A survey was sent to 400 members of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists who have volunteered to participate in research. Response rate was 56%. Routine screening for PPD and PPP is conducted by 72% and 30% of respondents, respectively. Personal experience (through friend, family, or self) was associated with increased screening. Perceived PPP screening barriers are similar to those found in the PPD literature: time constraints, lack of training, and lack of knowledge of diagnostic criteria. In responding to standardised vignettes, physicians were more likely to over-diagnose, than under diagnose PPD/PPP. This study is the first to provide exploratory data of ob-gyns' knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding PPD and PPP. Ob-gyns are screening for PPD/PPP, though not universally so. Future research should identify ways to mitigate screening barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan Leddy
- Department of Research, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Washington, DC 20024, USA
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525
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Sontag LM, Graber JA, Clemans KH. The role of peer stress and pubertal timing on symptoms of psychopathology during early adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2010; 40:1371-82. [PMID: 21170672 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-010-9620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stress is known to amplify the link between pubertal timing and psychopathology. However, few studies have examined the role of peer stress as a context for this link. The present study examined the interaction between perceived pubertal timing and peer stress on symptoms of psychopathology in early adolescence. The sample consisted of 264 students (63% female; M (age) = 12.40, SD = 1.00; 55% Caucasian, 23% African American, 7% Latino, 11% biracial and 4% other). Higher peer stress was associated with symptoms of anxiety/depression; this effect did not vary by timing or gender. However, early-maturing girls with high peer stress demonstrated higher rates of relational and overt aggression compared to other girls. Findings also suggested that late-maturing boys with high stress are at risk for aggression problems; however, due to the small number of boys, analyses were exploratory. Overall, results suggest that developmentally salient contexts as indicated by stressful peer experiences may pose unique threats to early maturing girls and possibly late-maturing boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Sontag
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, ML 4000, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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526
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Smith BJ, Grunseit A, Hardy LL, King L, Wolfenden L, Milat A. Parental influences on child physical activity and screen viewing time: a population based study. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:593. [PMID: 20929587 PMCID: PMC3091555 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parents can influence their children's physical activity participation and screen time.This study examined the relative significance of perceived parental barriers and self-efficacy in relation to children's physical activity participation and screen time viewing. The associations between these factors and the behaviours were analysed. Methods Cross-sectional population survey in New South Wales, Australia of parents of pre-school (N = 764), younger (Kindergarten, Grades 2 and 4; N = 1557) and older children (Grades 6, 8 and 10; N = 1665). Parents reported barriers and self-efficacy to influence their child's physical activity and screen time behaviours in a range of circumstances. Differences were examined by child's sex and age group, household income, maternal education and location of residence. The duration of physical activity and screen viewing was measured by parental report for pre-school and younger children and self-report for older children. Associations between parental factors and children's organised, non-organised and total activity and screen time were analysed. Results Cost, lack of opportunities for participation and transport problems were the barriers most often reported, particularly by low income parents and those in rural areas. The number of barriers was inversely related to children's time spent in organised activity, but not their non-organised activity. Higher parental self-efficacy was positively associated with organised physical activity in the younger and older children's groups and the non-organised activity of older children. School-age children (younger and older groups) were less likely to meet physical activity guidelines when parents reported ≥4 barriers (OR 3.76, 95% CI 1.25-11.34 and OR 3.72, 95% CI 1.71-8.11 respectively). Low parental self-efficacy was also associated with the likelihood of children exceeding screen time guidelines for each age group (pre-school OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.43-0.87; young children OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.39-0.80; and older children OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.43-0.74). Conclusion Parental barriers are associated with the time that children spend in both active and sedentary pursuits. These findings highlight family, economic and environmental factors that should be addressed in programs to promote child physical activity and tackle sedentary behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Smith
- Department of Health Social Science, Monash University, PO Box 197, Caulfield East, Melbourne, Victoria, 3145, Australia.
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527
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Pullman ME, Maloni MJ, Dillard J. Sustainability Practices in Food Supply Chains: How is Wine Different? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09571264.2010.495853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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528
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Effects of governance on investment decisions and perceptions of reporting credibility: Investment experience of Taiwanese individual investors. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10490-010-9226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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529
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Traditional and Cyber Aggressors and Victims: A Comparison of Psychosocial Characteristics. J Youth Adolesc 2010; 40:392-404. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-010-9575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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530
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Booth-Kewley S, Rosenfeld P, Edwards JE. Impression Management and Self-Deceptive Enhancement among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Navy Recruits. The Journal of Social Psychology 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00224545.1992.9924707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Booth-Kewley
- a Women and Multicultural Research Office (Code 01E) , Navy Personnel Research and Development Center , USA
| | - Paul Rosenfeld
- a Women and Multicultural Research Office (Code 01E) , Navy Personnel Research and Development Center , USA
| | - Jack E. Edwards
- a Women and Multicultural Research Office (Code 01E) , Navy Personnel Research and Development Center , USA
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531
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REUTER CARSTEN, FOERSTL KAI, HARTMANN EVI, BLOME CONSTANTIN. SUSTAINABLE GLOBAL SUPPLIER MANAGEMENT: THE ROLE OF DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES IN ACHIEVING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE. JOURNAL OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-493x.2010.03189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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532
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Cervenka S, Gustavsson JP, Halldin C, Farde L. Association between striatal and extrastriatal dopamine D2-receptor binding and social desirability. Neuroimage 2010; 50:323-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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533
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Eliciting consumers' willingness to pay for organic and welfare-labelled salmon in a non-hypothetical choice experiment. Livest Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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534
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Osinsky R, Alexander N, Schmitz A, Kuepper Y, Müller E, Beer L, Koeppe L, Hennig J. Genetic Influences on Implicit Measures of Personality. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2010. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has revealed various relationships between self-reported personality traits and specific variations in genes influencing serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways. In recent studies, however, personality was repeatedly assessed by the use of more indirect measures, such as the implicit association test (IAT). This tool is assumed to access automatic associations, reflecting the sum of former dispositional behavior and experience. The present study aimed to identify potential genetic effects on personality-related associations measured by the IAT. In a sample of 96 women we found correlations between genetic variations of the serotonin and dopamine transporters (5-HTTLPR and DAT 3’-VNTR) and indirectly measured traits of anxiety and agentic extraversion. In detail, the 5-HTTLPR was linked to the anxiety IAT, whereas the DAT 3-’VNTR was associated with performance in the agentic-extraversion IAT. These findings point out genetic influences on personality-related associations and emphasize the usefulness of the IAT in research on the biological foundations of dispositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Osinsky
- Department of Psychology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Germany
| | - Nina Alexander
- Department of Psychology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Germany
| | - Anja Schmitz
- Developmental Genetic Epidemiology Section, NIMH Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yvonne Kuepper
- Department of Psychology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Germany
| | - Eva Müller
- Department of Psychology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Germany
| | - Laura Beer
- Department of Psychology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Germany
| | - Lena Koeppe
- Department of Psychology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hennig
- Department of Psychology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Germany
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535
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Bartels JM, Hinds RM, Glass LA, Ryan JJ. Perceptions of psychology as a science among university students: the influence of psychology courses and major of study. Psychol Rep 2009; 105:383-8. [PMID: 19928599 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.105.2.383-388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The goal was to examine the relationship between the number of psychology courses students have taken and their perceptions of psychology as a science. Additionally, differences in perceptions of psychology among psychology, education, and natural science majors were examined. Results indicated that students who had taken four or more psychology courses had more favorable perceptions of psychology as a science compared to those who had taken no courses or one course and those who had taken two to three courses. No significant differences in overall perceptions of psychology emerged among students in the three majors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Bartels
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO 64093, USA.
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536
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PULLMAN MADELEINEE, MALONI MICHAELJ, CARTER CRAIGR. FOOD FOR THOUGHT: SOCIAL VERSUS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES. JOURNAL OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-493x.2009.03175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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537
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Izuma K, Saito DN, Sadato N. The roles of the medial prefrontal cortex and striatum in reputation processing. Soc Neurosci 2009; 5:133-47. [PMID: 19705330 DOI: 10.1080/17470910903202559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
How we are viewed by other individuals-our reputation-has a considerable influence on our everyday behaviors and is considered an important concept in explaining altruism, a uniquely human trait. Previously it has been proposed that processing one's own reputation requires a reputation representation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and a value representation in the striatum. Here, we directly tested this idea using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Subjects disclosed their behavioral tendencies with reference to social norms in the presence or absence of other people, a manipulation that is known to greatly affect an individual's concern for their reputation. The mPFC showed strong activation during self-referential processing, and this activity was enhanced by the mere presence of observers. Moreover, the striatum was also strongly activated when subjects responded in front of observers. Thus, the present study demonstrated that the mPFC and striatum were automatically recruited when the task placed a high demand on processing how one is viewed by others. Taken together, our findings suggest that the mPFC and the striatum play a key role in regulating human social behaviors, and these results provide valuable insight into the neural basis of human altruism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keise Izuma
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
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538
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Eisenberg D, Downs MF, Golberstein E, Zivin K. Stigma and help seeking for mental health among college students. Med Care Res Rev 2009; 66:522-41. [PMID: 19454625 DOI: 10.1177/1077558709335173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mental illness stigma has been identified by national policy makers as an important barrier to help seeking for mental health. Using a random sample of 5,555 students from a diverse set of 13 universities, we conducted one of the first empirical studies of the association of help-seeking behavior with both perceived public stigma and people's own stigmatizing attitudes (personal stigma). There were three main findings: (a) Perceived public stigma was considerably higher than personal stigma; (b) personal stigma was higher among students with any of the following characteristics: male, younger, Asian, international, more religious, or from a poor family; and (c) personal stigma was significantly and negatively associated with measures of help seeking (perceived need and use of psychotropic medication, therapy, and nonclinical sources of support), whereas perceived stigma was not significantly associated with help seeking. These findings can help inform efforts to reduce the role of stigma as a barrier to help seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eisenberg
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
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539
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Bollen J, Van de Sompel H, Hagberg A, Bettencourt L, Chute R, Rodriguez MA, Balakireva L. Clickstream data yields high-resolution maps of science. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4803. [PMID: 19277205 PMCID: PMC2652715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intricate maps of science have been created from citation data to visualize the structure of scientific activity. However, most scientific publications are now accessed online. Scholarly web portals record detailed log data at a scale that exceeds the number of all existing citations combined. Such log data is recorded immediately upon publication and keeps track of the sequences of user requests (clickstreams) that are issued by a variety of users across many different domains. Given these advantages of log datasets over citation data, we investigate whether they can produce high-resolution, more current maps of science. Methodology Over the course of 2007 and 2008, we collected nearly 1 billion user interactions recorded by the scholarly web portals of some of the most significant publishers, aggregators and institutional consortia. The resulting reference data set covers a significant part of world-wide use of scholarly web portals in 2006, and provides a balanced coverage of the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. A journal clickstream model, i.e. a first-order Markov chain, was extracted from the sequences of user interactions in the logs. The clickstream model was validated by comparing it to the Getty Research Institute's Architecture and Art Thesaurus. The resulting model was visualized as a journal network that outlines the relationships between various scientific domains and clarifies the connection of the social sciences and humanities to the natural sciences. Conclusions Maps of science resulting from large-scale clickstream data provide a detailed, contemporary view of scientific activity and correct the underrepresentation of the social sciences and humanities that is commonly found in citation data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bollen
- Digital Library Research and Prototyping Team, Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America.
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540
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Miller E, Chen R, Glover-Graf NM, Kranz P. Willingness to Engage in Personal Relationships With Persons With Disabilities. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/0034355209332719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the willingness of persons without disabilities (PWODs) to engage in personal relationships with persons with disabilities (PWDs). Participants ( N = 305) were primarily female Hispanic students (91%) preparing for careers in the helping professions. The Relationships and Disability Survey assessed the effect of the category and severity of disability on the type of relationships students were willing to have with PWDs. Students also ranked personal attributes of PWDs that might affect their willingness to engage in relationships. Results indicated that students were significantly more willing to have friendships and acquaintanceships with persons with mild to moderate disabilities and persons with sensory, health, and physical impairments. Students were least willing to marry or have a partnership with a PWD, especially if the PWD had cognitive and psychiatric impairments. Personal attributes of intelligence, kindness, and humor were rated most highly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roy Chen
- The University of Texas-Pan American
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541
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Fallahi CR, Austad CS, Leishman LL, Gendron M, Wood RM. Gender Differences in the Perception of Prisoner Abuse. SEX ROLES 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-008-9528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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542
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Friese M, Hofmann W, Schmitt M. When and why do implicit measures predict behaviour? Empirical evidence for the moderating role of opportunity, motivation, and process reliance. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10463280802556958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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543
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Links Between Adolescents’ Expected Parental Reactions and Prosocial Behavioral Tendencies: The Mediating Role of Prosocial Values. J Youth Adolesc 2009; 39:84-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-008-9383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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544
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545
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A comparison of management practices, farmer-perceived disease incidence and winter housing on organic and non-organic dairy farms in the UK. J DAIRY RES 2008; 76:6-14. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029908003622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
There have been increases in the number of organic dairy farms in the UK in recent years. However, there is little information on the impact of organic regulations on cow welfare. As part of a larger study, we aimed to investigate differences between organic and non-organic farms in management practices and winter housing quality. Forty organic and 40 non-organic farms throughout the UK were visited. Organic and non-organic farms were paired for housing type, and as far as possible for herd size, genetic merit and location. A detailed questionnaire covering key aspects of dairy management was carried out with each farmer. On a subset of twenty pairs, an assessment of the quality of the winter housing for both lactating and dry cows was undertaken, covering the parlour, bedding, loafing and feeding areas. Management practices and building conditions varied greatly within farm types and there was considerable overlap between organic and non-organic farms. Milk yield, level and composition of concentrate feed, management of heifers and calving, and use of ‘alternative treatments’ to prevent and treat mastitis differed between organic and non-organic farms. In all other respects there were no differences between farm types. Building dimensions per cow did not differ, even though organic recommendations advise greater space per cow than recommended for non-organic farms. The similarity between organic and non-organic farms in most respects indicates that cow housing and health, based on both the described management regimes and the farmers' perceptions of disease incidence, on organic dairy farms is neither compromised by the regulations, nor considerably better than on non-organic farms.
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546
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Miotto P, Preti A. Suicide ideation and social desirability among school-aged young people. J Adolesc 2008; 31:519-33. [PMID: 17868799 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2006] [Revised: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A mixed male-female sample of 950 school-aged adolescents, corresponding to 10% of the young population aged 15-19 living in a rural district of Northeast Italy, was investigated with self-reported questionnaires about the links between social desirability and suicide ideation. On the whole 30.6% of females and 23.9% of males reported suicidal ideation of some degree, with 5% in both genders reporting suicide ideation of a high degree (i.e. quite a lot/extremely often). Those who scored higher at the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (SDS) reported lower levels of psychiatric symptoms on the Symptom checklist 90R (SCL-90R), with the "denial" subscale of the SDS resulting specifically associated to lower scores on SCL-90R items measuring hopelessness, thoughts about death and suicide ideation. The personality traits measured by the Marlowe-Crowne SDS, such as defensiveness, denial and self-deception, might be conceived as a protection against psychiatric disorders and suicide ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Miotto
- Department of Mental Health, ULSS 7, Conegliano, TV, Italy
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547
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Tan L, Grace RC. Social desirability and sexual offenders: a review. SEXUAL ABUSE : A JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2008; 20:61-87. [PMID: 18420557 DOI: 10.1177/1079063208314820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Social desirability--the desire to make a favorable impression on others-poses a significant threat to the validity of self-reports. This review examines research on social desirability in both forensic and nonforensic populations with the goal of identifying how best to minimize threats to the validity of research with sexual offenders. Although social desirability has long been a major research topic in personality, consensus has not been reached on key questions such as its dimensional structure and whether social desirability constitutes a trait or a response bias. Research with offenders has shown that social desirability is negatively related to recidivism and that different offender subtypes vary in the degree to which social desirability appears to influence self-reports, with child molesters exhibiting the strongest tendency to "fake good." Several methods of controlling for social desirability have been proposed, but the effectiveness of these methods in increasing validity of offender self reports is questionable. Given the lack of consensus in the personality literature, a fresh start is needed in which basic questions regarding social desirability are revisited with respect to offender populations.
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548
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Nas CN, Brugman D, Koops W. Measuring Self-Serving Cognitive Distortions with the “How I Think” Questionnaire. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2008. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759.24.3.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the How I Think Questionnaire (HIT-Q), a paper-and-pencil instrument that measures self-serving, cognitive distortions. Our main hypothesis was that delinquent adolescents incarcerated in high-security juvenile correctional facilities in the Netherlands would show a higher level of cognitive distortion than their nondelinquent peers. A total of 311 delinquent and 142 nondelinquent male adolescents participated in the study. The Dutch version of the HIT-Q showed acceptable reliability and validity. Delinquent adolescents exhibited more cognitive distortions than nondelinquent adolescents. However, in contrast to the original North American version of the HIT-Q, the relationship with moral judgment was inconclusive and a correlation with intelligence was found. Both delinquent and nondelinquent young people with lower levels of education scored in the borderline-clinical range on several types of cognitive distortions. These results seem to imply that cognitive distortions are much more prevalent in nondelinquent pupils with lower levels of education than expected. Further research into cognitive distortions in nondelinquent adolescents is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralijn N. Nas
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Brugman
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Koops
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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549
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Socially Desirable Responding and the Measurement of Violent and Criminal Risk: Self-Report Validity. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY PRACTICE 2006. [DOI: 10.1300/j158v06n04_02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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550
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Heri S, Mosler HJ. Factors Affecting the Diffusion of Solar Water Disinfection: A Field Study in Bolivia. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2006; 35:541-60. [DOI: 10.1177/1090198108321248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examines a broad array of theory-based factors derived from diffusion research that affect the current and intended use of solar water disinfection (SODIS), a simple, low-cost technology for treating drinking water at the household level. The perceived attributes of an innovation, the nature of the social system in which it is diffused, the extent of change agents' promotional efforts in diffusing it, and the nature of the communication channels used were operationalized by 16 variables. The aim of the study is to determine the influence of each factor and its predictive power. Eight areas in Bolivia were visited, and 644 families were interviewed on the basis of a structured questionnaire. Simultaneous multiple regression analysis showed that 9 of the 16 factors derived from diffusion research contributed significantly to predicting the current use of SODIS. The implications of the findings for customizing future SODIS diffusion activities are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Heri
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Joachim Mosler
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland,
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